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Shen N, Tang J, Chen J, Sheng C, Han T, He X, Liu C, Han C, Li X. Occurrence and prevalence of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances in the sediment pore water of mariculture sites: Novel findings of PFASs from the Bohai and Yellow Seas using a newly established analytical method. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 471:134256. [PMID: 38640673 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.134256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2024] [Revised: 04/03/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/21/2024]
Abstract
A new method for the determination of 26 legacy and emerging per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) in marine sediment pore water was developed using online solid phase extraction coupled with liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. The proposed method requires only about 1 mL of pore water samples. Satisfactory recoveries of most target PFASs (83.55-125.30 %) were achieved, with good precision (RSD of 1.09-16.53 %), linearity (R2 ≥ 0.990), and sensitivity (MDLs: 0.05 ng/L-5.00 ng/L for most PFASs). Subsequently, the method was applied to determine PFASs in the sediment pore water of five mariculture bays in the Bohai and Yellow Seas of China for the first time. Fifteen PFASs were detected with total concentrations ranging from 150.23 ng/L to 1838.48 ng/L (mean = 636.80 ng/L). The ∑PFASs and PFOA concentrations in sediment pore water were remarkably higher than those in surface seawater (tens of ng/L), indicating that the potential toxic effect of PFASs on benthic organisms may be underestimated. PFPeA was mainly distributed in pore water, and the partition of PFHpA (50.99 %) and PFOA (49.01 %) was almost equal in the solid and liquid phases. The proportions of all other PFASs partitioned in marine sediments were significantly higher than those in pore water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Shen
- Qingdao Key Laboratory of Analytical Technology Development and Offshore Eco-Environment Conservation, Key Laboratory of Marine Eco-Environmental Science and Technology, The First Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Qingdao 266061, China; Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Jiale Tang
- Qingdao Key Laboratory of Analytical Technology Development and Offshore Eco-Environment Conservation, Key Laboratory of Marine Eco-Environmental Science and Technology, The First Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Qingdao 266061, China
| | - Junhui Chen
- Qingdao Key Laboratory of Analytical Technology Development and Offshore Eco-Environment Conservation, Key Laboratory of Marine Eco-Environmental Science and Technology, The First Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Qingdao 266061, China
| | - Cancan Sheng
- Qingdao Key Laboratory of Analytical Technology Development and Offshore Eco-Environment Conservation, Key Laboratory of Marine Eco-Environmental Science and Technology, The First Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Qingdao 266061, China; Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Tongzhu Han
- Qingdao Key Laboratory of Analytical Technology Development and Offshore Eco-Environment Conservation, Key Laboratory of Marine Eco-Environmental Science and Technology, The First Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Qingdao 266061, China
| | - Xiuping He
- Qingdao Key Laboratory of Analytical Technology Development and Offshore Eco-Environment Conservation, Key Laboratory of Marine Eco-Environmental Science and Technology, The First Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Qingdao 266061, China.
| | - Chenguang Liu
- Qingdao Key Laboratory of Analytical Technology Development and Offshore Eco-Environment Conservation, Key Laboratory of Marine Eco-Environmental Science and Technology, The First Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Qingdao 266061, China
| | - Chao Han
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Exposure and Health Intervention of Zhejiang Province, College of Biology and Environmental Engineering, Zhejiang Shuren University, Hangzhou 310015, China
| | - Xianguo Li
- Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China
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Soerensen AL, Benskin JP, Faxneld S. Four Decades of Spatiotemporal Variability of Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFASs) in the Baltic Sea. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2024. [PMID: 38829301 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.4c03031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2024]
Abstract
Temporal and spatial variability of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) in herring, cod, eelpout, and guillemot covering four decades and more than 1000 km in the Baltic Sea was investigated to evaluate the effect of PFAS regulations and residence times of PFASs. Overall, PFAS concentrations responded rapidly to recent regulations but with some notable basin- and homologue-specific variability. The well-ventilated Kattegat and Bothnian Bay showed a faster log-linear decrease for most PFASs than the Baltic Proper, which lacks a significant loss mechanism. PFOS and FOSA, for example, have decreased with 0-7% y-1 in the Baltic Proper and 6-16% y-1 in other basins. PFNA and partly PFOA are exceptions and continue to show stagnant or increasing concentrations. Further, we found that Bothnian Bay herring contained the highest concentrations of >C12 perfluoroalkyl carboxylic acids (PFCAs), likely from rivers with high loads of dissolved organic carbon. In the Kattegat, low PFAS concentrations, but a high FOSA fraction, could be due to influence from the North Sea inflow below the halocline and possibly a local source of FOSA and/or isomer-specific biotransformation. This study represents the most comprehensive spatial and temporal investigation of PFASs in Baltic wildlife while providing new insights into cycling of PFASs within the Baltic Sea ecosystem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne L Soerensen
- Department of Environmental Monitoring and Research, Swedish Museum of Natural History, 114 18 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jonathan P Benskin
- Department of Environmental Science, Stockholm University, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Suzanne Faxneld
- Department of Environmental Monitoring and Research, Swedish Museum of Natural History, 114 18 Stockholm, Sweden
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Zhu L, Jiao Y, Wang L, Xiao P, Li X, Yin Z, Zhang T, Zhu W, Liu Y, Zhang J, Yang L. Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) in bivalve molluscs from Shandong Province, China: Occurrence, distribution, and implications for human consumption. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2024; 203:116433. [PMID: 38723551 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2024.116433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2024] [Revised: 04/24/2024] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 06/06/2024]
Abstract
We examined the occurrence and levels of 19 legacy and emerging per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) in 7 species of marine bivalve molluscs collected from four coastal cities of Shandong Province, China. Perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) was the most prevalent component, accounting for 68.1 % of total PFASs. The total PFASs in bivalve molluscs ranged from 0.86 to 6.55 ng/g wet weight, with the highest concentration found in Meretrix meretrix L. The concentration of total PFASs in bivalve molluscs showed the following trend: clams > scallops > oysters > mussels. Estimation on the human intake of PFASs from consumption of bivalve molluscs resulted in hazard ratios (HR) ranging from 0.12 to 6.40. Five of the seven species had HR >1, indicating high exposure risks associated with PFASs. Therefore, the occurrence of PFASs in marine biota is particularly concerning and further investigations on the sources of PFASs in Shandong are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijun Zhu
- Dezhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Dezhou, PR China
| | - Yanni Jiao
- Shandong Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment, Shandong Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jinan, PR China; Academy of Preventive Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, PR China
| | - Liyou Wang
- Dezhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Dezhou, PR China
| | - Peirui Xiao
- Shandong Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment, Shandong Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jinan, PR China; Academy of Preventive Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, PR China
| | - Xiaoyang Li
- Dezhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Dezhou, PR China
| | - Zhendong Yin
- Dezhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Dezhou, PR China
| | - Tianliang Zhang
- Shandong Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment, Shandong Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jinan, PR China; Academy of Preventive Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, PR China
| | - Wenbin Zhu
- Dezhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Dezhou, PR China
| | - Yurong Liu
- School of Public Health, Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang, PR China
| | - Jiacheng Zhang
- Department of Physical and Chemical Inspection, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, PR China
| | - Luping Yang
- Shandong Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment, Shandong Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jinan, PR China; Academy of Preventive Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, PR China; School of Public Health, Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang, PR China.
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Fujii Y, Kato Y, Miyatake M, Akeda S, Nagata S, Ando J, Kido K, Ohta C, Koga N, Harada KH, Haraguchi K. Levels and spatial profile of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances in edible shrimp products from Japan and neighboring countries; a potential source of dietary exposure to humans. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2024; 189:108685. [PMID: 38823154 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2024.108685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Revised: 04/21/2024] [Accepted: 04/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/03/2024]
Abstract
Exposure to per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) is of great concern for human health because of their persistence and potentially adverse effects. Dietary intake, particularly through aquatic products, is a significant route of human exposure to PFAS. We analyzed perfluoroalkyl sulfonic acid (PFSA with carbon numbers from 6 to 8 and 10 (C6-C8, C10)) and perfluorooctanesulfonamide (FOSA), and perfluoroalkyl carboxylic acid (PFCA with carbon numbers from 6 to 15 (C6-C15)) in 30 retail packs of edible shrimps, which included seven species from eight coastal areas of Japan and neighboring countries. The most prevalent compounds were perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS, C8) and perfluoroundecanoic acid (PFUnDA, C11), accounting for 46 % of total PFAS. The concentrations ranged from 6.5 to 44 ng/g dry weight (dw) (equivalent to 1.5 to 10 ng/g wet weight (ww)) and varied according to species and location. For example, Alaskan pink shrimp (Pandalus eous) from the Hokuriku coast, Japan contained high levels of long-chain PFCAs (38 ng/g dw (equivalent to 8.7 ng/g ww)), while red rice prawn (Metapenaeopsis barbata) from Yamaguchi, Japan contained a high concentration of PFOS (29 ng/g dw (equivalent to 6.7 ng/g ww)). We also observed regional differences in the PFAS levels with higher concentrations of long-chain PFCAs in Japanese coastal waters than in the South China Sea. The PFAS profiles in shrimp were consistent with those in the diet and serum of Japanese consumers, suggesting that consumption of seafood such as shrimp may be an important source of exposure. The estimated daily intake of sum of all PFAS from shrimp from Japanese coastal water was 0.43 ng/kg body weight/day in average, which could reach the weekly tolerable values (4.4 ng/kg body weight /week) for the sum of the four PFSA set by the EFSA for heavy consumers. The high concentration of PFAS in shrimp warrants further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yukiko Fujii
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Daiichi University of Pharmacy, 22-1 Tamagawa, Minami-ku, Fukuoka 815-8511, Japan.
| | - Yoshihisa Kato
- Kagawa School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima Bunri University, 1314-1, Shido, Sanuki, Kagawa 769-2193, Japan
| | - Masayuki Miyatake
- Kagawa School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima Bunri University, 1314-1, Shido, Sanuki, Kagawa 769-2193, Japan
| | - Syunpei Akeda
- Kagawa School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima Bunri University, 1314-1, Shido, Sanuki, Kagawa 769-2193, Japan
| | - Sigeru Nagata
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Daiichi University of Pharmacy, 22-1 Tamagawa, Minami-ku, Fukuoka 815-8511, Japan
| | - Junpei Ando
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Daiichi University of Pharmacy, 22-1 Tamagawa, Minami-ku, Fukuoka 815-8511, Japan
| | - Katsumi Kido
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Daiichi University of Pharmacy, 22-1 Tamagawa, Minami-ku, Fukuoka 815-8511, Japan
| | - Chiho Ohta
- Nakamura Gakuen University, 5-7-1 Befu, Jonan-ku, Fukuoka 814-0198, Japan
| | - Nobuyuki Koga
- Nakamura Gakuen University, 5-7-1 Befu, Jonan-ku, Fukuoka 814-0198, Japan
| | - Kouji H Harada
- Department of Health and Environmental Sciences, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Yoshida Konoe, Sakyo, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Koichi Haraguchi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Daiichi University of Pharmacy, 22-1 Tamagawa, Minami-ku, Fukuoka 815-8511, Japan
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Pickard HM, Haque F, Sunderland EM. Bioaccumulation of Perfluoroalkyl Sulfonamides (FASA). ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LETTERS 2024; 11:350-356. [PMID: 38645703 PMCID: PMC11027762 DOI: 10.1021/acs.estlett.4c00143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/23/2024]
Abstract
Hundreds of sites across the United States have high concentrations of perfluoroalkyl sulfonamides (FASA), but little is known about their propensity to accumulate in fish. FASA are precursors to terminal per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) that are abundant in diverse consumer products and aqueous film-forming foams manufactured using electrochemical fluorination (ECF AFFF). In this study, FASA with C3-C8 carbon chain lengths were detected in all fish samples from surface waters up to 8 km downstream of source zones with ECF AFFF contamination. Short-chain FASA ≤ C6 have rarely been included in routine screening for PFAS, but availability of new standards makes such analyses more feasible. Bioaccumulation factors (BAF) for FASA were between 1 and 3 orders of magnitude greater than their terminal perfluoroalkyl sulfonates. Across fish species, BAF for FASA were greater than for perfluorooctanesulfonate (PFOS), which is presently the focus of national advisory programs. Similar concentrations of the C6 FASA (<0.36-175 ng g-1) and PFOS (0.65-222 ng g-1) were detected in all fish species. No safety thresholds have been established for FASA. However, high concentrations in fish next to contaminated sites and preliminary findings on toxicity suggest an urgent need for consideration by fish advisory programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heidi M Pickard
- Harvard John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
| | - Faiz Haque
- Harvard John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
| | - Elsie M Sunderland
- Harvard John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States; Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
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Junaid M, Liu S, Yue Q, Wei M, Wang J. Trophic transfer and interfacial impacts of micro(nano)plastics and per-and polyfluoroalkyl substances in the environment. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 465:133243. [PMID: 38103288 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.133243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Revised: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/10/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
Both micro(nano)plastics (MNPs) and per-and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) possessed excellent properties and diverse applications, albeit gained worldwide attention due to their anthropogenic, ubiquitous, degradation resistant nature and a wide variety of ecological and human health impacts. MNPs and PFAS discharged from discrete sources and extensively bioaccumulated in the food chain through trophic transfer and their long-distance transport potential assist in their dispersal to pristine but vulnerable ecosystems such as Antarctica. They inevitably interacted with each other in the environment through polarized N-H bond, hydrogen bond, hydrophobic interaction, and weak bond energies such as Van der Waals, electrostatic, and intramolecular forces. During co-exposure, they significantly impact the uptake and bioaccumulation of each other in exposed organisms, which may increase or decrease their bioavailable concentration. Hence, this review compiles the studies on the co-occurrence and adsorption of PFAS and MNPs in the environment, their trophic transfer, combined in vivo and in vitro impacts, and factors influencing the MNP-PFAS interface. A significant proportion of studies were conducted in China, Europe, and the US, while studies are rare from other parts of the world. Freshwater and marine food chains were more prominently investigated for trophic transfers compared to terrestrial food chains. The most notable in vivo effects were growth and reproductive impairment, oxidative stress, neurotoxicity and apoptosis, DNA damage, genotoxicity and immunological responses, behavioral and gut microbiota modifications, and histopathological alterations. Cellular uptake of PFAS and MNPs can impact cell survival and proliferation, photosynthesis and membrane integrity, ROS generation and antioxidant responses, and extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) release in vitro. MNP characteristics, PFAS properties, tissue and species-dependent distribution, and environmental medium properties were the main factors influencing the PFAS and MNP nexus and associated impacts. Last but not least, gaps and future research directions were highlighted to better understand the interplay between these critical persistent chemicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Junaid
- College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510641, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Utilization and Conservation of Food and Medicinal Resources in Northern Region, Shaoguan University, Shaoguan 512005, China
| | - Shulin Liu
- College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510641, China
| | - Qiang Yue
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Utilization and Conservation of Food and Medicinal Resources in Northern Region, Shaoguan University, Shaoguan 512005, China
| | - Maochun Wei
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Intelligent Fishery, Xiamen Ocean Vocational College, Xiamen 361100, China
| | - Jun Wang
- College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510641, China; Institute of Eco-Environmental Research, Guangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanning 530007, China; Xiamen Key Laboratory of Intelligent Fishery, Xiamen Ocean Vocational College, Xiamen 361100, China.
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Wu L, Qiu J, Li A, Ji Y, Yan G, Meng F. Detection and dietary risk of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances in shellfish products from the coasts of Bohai Sea and South China Sea. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 352:141424. [PMID: 38346518 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.141424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Revised: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/18/2024]
Abstract
Artificial per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) are widely distributed in the environment and are potentially harmful to human health. This study assessed the matrix effect of different shellfish on LC-MS analysis and the recoveries of PFASs in purified extracts purified by adding ENVI-Carb graphitized carbon black. Total 76 samples were collected from coastal cities of the Bohai Sea and South China Sea in China. Results showed that the signal response of perfluorocarboxylic acid increased with the length of fluorocarbon chains. ENVI-Carb can mitigate the shellfish matrix effects for analysis of PFASs. Ten PFASs components were detected in shellfish samples at concentrations ranging from 1.3 to 8.5 ng/g wet weight. The PFOA and PFHxS were the dominant components, and PFOA, PFTrDA and PFNA were detected at high rates of 58-93%. The highest levels of ∑PFASs were accumulated in clams, while the lowest levels were found in mussels. The dietary risk assessment indicated that PFASs potentially threaten human health via consumption of clam products in the Bohai Sea region. This study will improve the understanding of the contamination status and the dietary risk of PFASs in shellfish products along the coasts of Bohai Sea and South China Sea in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linfeng Wu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266100, China
| | - Jiangbing Qiu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266100, China; Key Laboratory of Marine Environment and Ecology, Ocean University of China, Ministry of Education, Qingdao, 266100, China
| | - Aifeng Li
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266100, China; Key Laboratory of Marine Environment and Ecology, Ocean University of China, Ministry of Education, Qingdao, 266100, China.
| | - Ying Ji
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266100, China
| | - Guowang Yan
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266100, China
| | - Fanping Meng
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266100, China; Key Laboratory of Marine Environment and Ecology, Ocean University of China, Ministry of Education, Qingdao, 266100, China
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Xie X, Lu Y, Wang P, Lei H, Chen N, Liang Z, Jiang X, Li J, Cao Z, Liao J, Li K. Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances in a subtropical river-mangrove estuary-bay system. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 464:132937. [PMID: 37976860 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.132937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2023] [Revised: 09/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
Mangrove estuaries are one of the most economically valuable and biologically diverse coastal ecosystems. However, knowledge of emerging pollutants in mangrove estuaries is limited. This study provided insight into the PFAS in a river (Zhangjiang River, ZR)-mangrove estuary (Zhangjiang River Estuary, ZRE)-bay (Dongshan Bay, DSB) continuous system in Fujian Province, China. The Σ25PFAS (sum of 25 PFAS) concentrations (0.94 ∼ 62.44 ng/L) showed a declining trend from the river to bay. The Zhe-Min Coastal Current (ZMCC) can transport an abundance of PFAS, especially PFOA, from the northern sea to southern bays, which can affect the seasonal distribution of PFAS concentrations in the DSB and result in PFOA/Σ25PFAS with a decreasing trend in the DSB (28.08%), ZRE (21.15%), and ZR (14.13%), respectively. The primary PFAS sources in this area determined by the positive matrix factor model mainly contained the effluent of the wastewater treatment plant neighboring the R2 site, discharge of domestic and production wastewater, irregular emissions of aqueous film-forming foams, and fluorochemistry industry wastewater transmitted from the ZMCC. The PFAS pollution in the mangrove creek was mainly affected by the discharge of domestic and production wastewater and presented a significant point source pollution, especially during the rainy season.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingwei Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Fujian 361102, China; Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Coastal Ecology and Environmental Studies, College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Fujian 361102, China
| | - Yonglong Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Fujian 361102, China; Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Coastal Ecology and Environmental Studies, College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Fujian 361102, China; State Key Lab of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China.
| | - Pei Wang
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Coastal Ecology and Environmental Studies, College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Fujian 361102, China
| | - Haojie Lei
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Fujian 361102, China; Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Coastal Ecology and Environmental Studies, College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Fujian 361102, China
| | - Nengwang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Fujian 361102, China; Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Coastal Ecology and Environmental Studies, College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Fujian 361102, China
| | - Zian Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Fujian 361102, China; Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Coastal Ecology and Environmental Studies, College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Fujian 361102, China
| | - Xudong Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Fujian 361102, China; Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Coastal Ecology and Environmental Studies, College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Fujian 361102, China
| | - Jialong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Fujian 361102, China; Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Coastal Ecology and Environmental Studies, College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Fujian 361102, China
| | - Zhiwei Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Fujian 361102, China; Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Coastal Ecology and Environmental Studies, College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Fujian 361102, China
| | - Jieming Liao
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Fujian 361102, China; Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Coastal Ecology and Environmental Studies, College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Fujian 361102, China
| | - Kongming Li
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Fujian 361102, China; Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Coastal Ecology and Environmental Studies, College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Fujian 361102, China
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Du D, Lu Y, Yang S, Wang R, Wang C, Yu M, Chen C, Zhang M. Biomagnification and health risks of perflfluoroalkyl acids (PFAAs) in seafood from the Yangtze river estuary of China. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2024; 341:122930. [PMID: 37972680 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.122930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Revised: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/11/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
Bioaccumulation and human health risk assessment of Perfluoroalkyl acids (PFAAs) is important for pollutant hazard assessment. In this study, 26 aquatic organisms were collected from the Yangtze River estuary, the PFAAs concentrations in organisms were detected by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry, and the trophic levels of organisms were constructed using nitrogen isotope analysis. The results showed that Perfluorobutane sulfonate (PFBS) was predominant in organisms with the mean concentration of 6.43 ± 8.21 ng/g ww. The biomagnification of organisms along the food chain was widespread, and the biomagnification factor (BMF) of perfluorooctane sulfonic (PFOS) was the most prominent. Trophic magnifcation factors (TMFs) of PFAAs were estimated in the marine food web, and TMFs >1 were observed in Perfluorodecanoic acid (PFDA), Perfluoroundecanoic acid (PFUnDA), Perfluorododecanoic acid (PFDoDA), and PFOS, indicating the biomagnifcation effects of these 4 individual PFAAs in organisms at Yangtze River estuary. The estimated daily intake (EDI) of PFBS was highest in adolescents aged 6-18 years, with EDIs of 18.9 ng/kg·bw/day for males and 14.0 ng/kg·bw/day for females. The hazard ratio (HR) of PFAAs reported in different age and gender groups were lower than 1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Du
- School of Ecology and Nature Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China; State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yonglong Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science and Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Coastal Wetland Ecosystems, College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Fujian, 361102, China; State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
| | - Shengjie Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China; Department of Ecology, School of Life Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Rui Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Chenchen Wang
- College of Environment and Ecology, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400045, China
| | - Mingzhao Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Chunci Chen
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Meng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
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10
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Dunn M, Noons N, Vojta S, Becanova J, Pickard H, Sunderland EM, Lohmann R. Unregulated Active and Closed Textile Mills Represent a Significant Vector of PFAS Contamination into Coastal Rivers. ACS ES&T WATER 2024; 4:114-124. [PMID: 38222965 PMCID: PMC10785679 DOI: 10.1021/acsestwater.3c00439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
Despite concerns over the ubiquity of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS), little is known about the diversity of input sources to surface waters and their seasonal dynamics. Frequent use of PFAS in textiles means both active and closed textile mills require evaluation as PFAS sources. We deployed passive samplers at seven sites in an urban river and estuary adjacent to textile mills in Southern Rhode Island (USA) over 12 months. We estimated monthly mass flows (g month-1) of perfluorohexanoic acid (PFHxA: 45±56), and perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA: 30±45) from the upstream river influenced by an active mill. Average mass flows were 73-155% higher downstream, where historical textile waste lagoons contributed long chain perfluoroalkyl acids (PFAA). Mass flows of PFNA increased from 7.5 to 21 g month-1 between the upstream and downstream portions of the rivers. Distinct grouping of the two main PFAS sources, active textile mills and historical waste lagoons, were identified using principal components analysis. Neither suspect screening nor extractable organofluorine analysis revealed measurable PFAS were missing beyond the targeted compounds. This research demonstrates that both closed and active textile mills are important ongoing PFAS sources to freshwater and marine regions and should be further evaluated as a source category.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Dunn
- Graduate School of Oceanography, University of Rhode Island, Narragansett, RI, 02882 USA
| | - Nicholas Noons
- Rhode Island Department of Environmental Management, Providence, RI, 02980 USA
| | - Simon Vojta
- Graduate School of Oceanography, University of Rhode Island, Narragansett, RI, 02882 USA
| | - Jitka Becanova
- Graduate School of Oceanography, University of Rhode Island, Narragansett, RI, 02882 USA
| | - Heidi Pickard
- Harvard University John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Cambridge, MA, 02138 USA
| | - Elsie M. Sunderland
- Harvard University John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Cambridge, MA, 02138 USA
| | - Rainer Lohmann
- Graduate School of Oceanography, University of Rhode Island, Narragansett, RI, 02882 USA
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11
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Creusot N, Huba K, Borel C, Ferrari BJD, Chèvre N, Hollender J. Identification of polar organic chemicals in the aquatic foodweb: Combining high-resolution mass spectrometry and trend analysis. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2024; 183:108403. [PMID: 38224651 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2023.108403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Revised: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/17/2024]
Abstract
Environmental risk assessment of chemical contaminants requires prioritizing of substances taken up by biota as it is a starting point for potential adverse effects. Although knowledge about the occurrence of known chemical pollutants in aquatic organisms has significantly improved during the last decade, there is still a poor understanding for a broad range of more polar compounds. To tackle this issue, we proposed an approach that identifies bioaccumulative and biomagnifiable polar chemicals using liquid chromatography coupled with electrospray ionization to high resolution tandem mass spectrometry (LC-HRMS/MS) and combine it with trend analysis using hierarchical clustering. As a proof-of-concept, this approach was implemented on various organisms and compartments (sediment, litter leaves, periphytic biofilm, invertebrates and fish) collected from a small urban river. HRMS/MS data measured via data-independent acquisition mode were retrospectively analysed using two analytical strategies: (1) retrospective target and (2) suspect/non-target screening. In the retrospective target analysis, 56 of 361 substances spanning a broad range of contaminant classes were detected (i.e. 26 in fish, 18 in macroinvertebrates, 28 in leaves, 29 in periphyton and 32 in sediments, with only 7 common to all compartments), among which 49 could be quantified using reference standards. The suspect screening approach based on two suspect lists (in-house, Norman SusDat) led to the confirmation of 5 compounds with standards (three xenobiotics at level 1 and two lipids at level 2) and tentative identification of seven industrial or natural chemicals at level 2 and 3 through a mass spectra library match. Overall, this proof-of-concept study provided a more comprehensive picture of the exposure of biota to emerging contaminants (i.e., the internal chemical exposome) and potential bioaccumulation or biomagnification of polar compounds along the trophic chain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Creusot
- Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology (Eawag), 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland; INRAE, EABX, Bordeaux Metabolome, MetaboHub, 50 avenue de Verdun, 33612 Gazinet-Cestas, France.
| | - Kristina Huba
- Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology (Eawag), 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland; Institute of Biogeochemistry and Pollutant Dynamics, ETH Zürich, 8092 Zürich, Switzerland
| | | | - Benoit J D Ferrari
- Swiss Centre for Applied Ecotoxicology (Ecotox Centre), Lausanne/Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | | | - Juliane Hollender
- Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology (Eawag), 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland; Institute of Biogeochemistry and Pollutant Dynamics, ETH Zürich, 8092 Zürich, Switzerland
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12
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Xing Y, Zhou Y, Zhang X, Lin X, Li J, Liu P, Lee HK, Huang Z. The sources and bioaccumulation of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances in animal-derived foods and the potential risk of dietary intake. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 905:167313. [PMID: 37742961 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.167313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Revised: 09/16/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) have attracted increasing attention due to their environmental persistence and potential toxicity. Diet is one of the main routes of human exposure to PFAS, particularly through the consumption of animal-derived foods (e.g., aquatic products, livestock and poultry, and products derived from them). This review summarizes the source, bioaccumulation, and distribution of PFAS in animal-derived foods and key influential factors. In most environmental media, perfluorooctanoic acid and perfluorooctane sulfonate are the dominant PFAS, with the levels of short-chain PFAS such as perfluorobutyric acid and perfluorohexane sulfonate surpassing them in some watersheds and coastal areas. The presence of PFAS in environmental media is mainly influenced by suspended particulate matter, microbial communities as well as temporal and spatial factors, such as season and location. Linear PFAS with long carbon chains (C ≥ 7) and sulfonic groups tend to accumulate in organisms and contribute significantly to the contamination of animal-derived foods. Furthermore, PFAS, due to their protein affinity, are prone to accumulate in the blood and protein-rich tissues such as the liver and kidney. Species differences in PFAS bioaccumulation are determined by diet, variances in protein content in the blood and tissues and species-specific activity of transport proteins. Carnivorous fish usually show higher PFAS accumulation than omnivorous fish. Poultry typically metabolize PFAS more rapidly than mammals. PFAS exposures in the processing of animal-derived foods are also attributable to the migration of PFAS from food contact materials, especially those in higher-fat content foods. The human health risk assessment of PFAS exposure from animal-derived foods suggests that frequent consumption of aquatic products potentially engender greater risks to women and minors than to adult males. The information and perspectives from this review would help to further identify the toxicity and migration mechanism of PFAS in animal-derived foods and provide information for food safety management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yudong Xing
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, PR China
| | - Yan Zhou
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, PR China
| | - Xin Zhang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, PR China
| | - Xia Lin
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, PR China
| | - Jiaoyang Li
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, PR China
| | - Peng Liu
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, PR China
| | - Hian Kee Lee
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117543, Singapore
| | - Zhenzhen Huang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, PR China.
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13
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G H, G S, R S R, R D, R P, R R. Early detection of emerging persistent perfluorinated alkyl substances (PFAS) along the east coast of India. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 902:166155. [PMID: 37562629 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.166155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2023] [Revised: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023]
Abstract
Perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and Perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) are resistant to breakdown and are now considered global contaminants. However, interest in these recalcitrant compounds among scientists and legislators has grown significantly in recent years. In the present study, we analyzed the level of PFOA and PFOS contamination in surface water from the coastal regions of Tamil Nadu and West Bengal. After solid phase extraction, 49 samples were analyzed by liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (LOD ≤ 1.5 ng L-1). The PFOA and PFOS present in all samples at the highest concentration were found in the Ennore coastal region (reaching a maximum of 24.8 ng L-1 and 13.9 ng L-1 in CH-6 and CH-14 respectively). Similarly, on the West Bengal coast, concentrations of PFOA ranged from <1.5 to 14.0 ng L-1 and <1.3 to 8.2 ng g-1 in water and sediment respectively. PFOS concentrations in water and sediment ranged from <1.2 to 9.0 ng L-1 and <1.2 to 7.9 ng g-1, respectively. According to the principal component analysis, the majority of the variances (65.04 %) show a positive association, which points to industrial and domestic discharges as significant point sources of these compounds. The results from this study could be used to determine and understand the levels of PFOA and PFOS contamination along the Indian Coast as well as provide baseline information for imminent monitoring investigations. The environmental occurrences of PFOA and PFOS reported in the current study would allow policymakers to take appropriate measures to safeguard coastal ecosystems or reduce the likelihood of contamination, creating a sustainable and healthy environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hariharan G
- National Centre for Sustainable Coastal Management, Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change, Anna University Campus, Chennai 600 025, India.
| | - Sunantha G
- School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore 632 014, India
| | - Robin R S
- National Centre for Sustainable Coastal Management, Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change, Anna University Campus, Chennai 600 025, India
| | - Darwin R
- National Centre for Sustainable Coastal Management, Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change, Anna University Campus, Chennai 600 025, India
| | - Purvaja R
- National Centre for Sustainable Coastal Management, Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change, Anna University Campus, Chennai 600 025, India
| | - Ramesh R
- National Centre for Sustainable Coastal Management, Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change, Anna University Campus, Chennai 600 025, India
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14
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Taylor MD. Perfluoroalkyl acid depuration from the edible tissues of a migratory recreationally fished species. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2023; 196:115593. [PMID: 37797538 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2023.115593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Revised: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/23/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023]
Abstract
Environmental emissions of perfluoroalkyl acids (PFAAs) impact estuarine species and the fisheries that rely on them. Migratory estuarine fishes may be captured for consumption in areas distant to known contaminant sources, but exposure risk depends on how quickly contaminants are depurated. This baseline presents the outcomes from a novel experiment simulating the migration of a popular recreational fish species (Dusky Flathead, Platycephalus fuscus) following environmental exposure to PFAAs, and assessing depuration from edible muscle tissues. Over the 33-day experiment, perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) concentrations declined slowly, with modelling suggesting that concentrations fell below the relevant screening value (5.2 μg kg-1) within ∼558 h (285-1372 h; 90 % CI). Low concentrations (<1.2 μg kg-1) of perfluorohexane sulfonate also depurated rapidly. This study provides useful information for assessing potential exposure risk posed by recreationally targeted fish migrating away from contaminated areas. The experimental design employed has a real-world context that is relevant for future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew D Taylor
- Port Stephens Fisheries Institute, New South Wales Department of Primary Industries, Locked Bag 1, Nelson Bay, NSW, 2315, Australia; School of Environmental and Life Sciences, University of Newcastle, New South Wales 2308, Australia; The University of Queensland, Queensland Alliance for Environmental Health Sciences, 20 Cornwall Street, Woolloongabba, Queensland 4102, Australia.
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15
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Miranda DA, Zachritz AM, Whitehead HD, Cressman SR, Peaslee GF, Lamberti GA. Occurrence and biomagnification of perfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in Lake Michigan fishes. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 895:164903. [PMID: 37355115 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.164903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Revised: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/26/2023]
Abstract
We measured perfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in prey and predator fish from Lake Michigan (USA) to investigate the occurrence and biomagnification of these compounds in this important ecosystem. Twenty-one PFAS were analyzed in 117 prey fish obtained from sites across Lake Michigan and in 87 salmonids collected in four lake quadrants. The mean concentration of sum (∑) PFAS above the method detection limit was 12.7 ± 6.96 ng g-1 wet weight in predator fish (all of which were salmonids) and 10.7 ± 10.4 ng g-1 in prey fish, with outlier levels found in slimy sculpin, Cottus cognatus (187 ± 12.2 ng g-1 ww). Perfluorooctanoic sulfonic acid (PFOS) was the most frequently detected and most abundant compound of the 21 PFAS, occurring in 98 % of individuals with a mean concentration of 9.86 ± 6.36 ng g-1 ww without outliers. Perfluoroalkyl carboxylates (PFCA) concentrations were higher in prey fish than in predators, with some compounds such as perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) being detected in higher frequency in prey fish. Besides PFOS, detection of several long-chain (C8-C12) PFCAs were observed in >80 % of the prey fish. Overall, the observed concentrations in Lake Michigan fish were lower than those reported in other Laurentian Great Lakes except for Lake Superior. Biomagnification factors (BMFs) for PFOS exceeded 1.0 (range, 1.80 to 5.12) in all predator-prey relationships analyzed, indicating biomagnification of these compounds, whereas BMFs of other long-chain PFCAs varied according to the fish species. PFAS were found in all fish species measured from Lake Michigan and commonly biomagnified from prey to predator fish, strongly suggesting a dietary connection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniele A Miranda
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, United States; Environmental Change initiative, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, United States; Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, United States.
| | - Alison M Zachritz
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, United States
| | - Heather D Whitehead
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, United States; Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, United States
| | - Shannon R Cressman
- U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Green Bay Fish and Wildlife Conservation Office, New Franken, WI 54229, United States
| | - Graham F Peaslee
- Environmental Change initiative, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, United States; Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, United States
| | - Gary A Lamberti
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, United States; Environmental Change initiative, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, United States
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16
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Fremlin KM, Elliott JE, Letcher RJ, Harner T, Gobas FA. Developing Methods for Assessing Trophic Magnification of Perfluoroalkyl Substances within an Urban Terrestrial Avian Food Web. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2023; 57:12806-12818. [PMID: 37590934 PMCID: PMC10469464 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c02361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Revised: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/19/2023]
Abstract
We investigated the trophic magnification potential of perfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in a terrestrial food web by using a chemical activity-based approach, which involved normalizing concentrations of PFAS in biota to their relative biochemical composition in order to provide a thermodynamically accurate basis for comparing concentrations of PFAS in biota. Samples of hawk eggs, songbird tissues, and invertebrates were collected and analyzed for concentrations of 18 perfluoroalkyl acids (PFAAs) and for polar lipid, neutral lipid, total protein, albumin, and water content. Estimated mass fractions of PFCA C8-C11 and PFSA C4-C8 predominantly occurred in albumin within biota samples from the food web with smaller estimated fractions in polar lipids > structural proteins > neutral lipids and insignificant amounts in water. Estimated mass fractions of longer-chained PFAS (i.e., C12-C16) mainly occurred in polar lipids with smaller estimated fractions in albumin > structural proteins > neutral lipids > and water. Chemical activity-based TMFs indicated that PFNA, PFDA, PFUdA, PFDoA, PFTrDA, PFTeDA, PFOS, and PFDS biomagnified in the food web; PFOA, PFHxDA, and PFHxS did not appear to biomagnify; and PFBS biodiluted. Chemical activity-based TMFs for PFCA C8-C11 and PFSA C4-C8 were in good agreement with corresponding TMFs derived with concentrations normalized to only total protein in biota, suggesting that concentrations normalized to total protein may be appropriate proxies of chemical activity-based TMFs for PFAS, which predominantly partition to albumin. Similarly, TMFs derived with concentrations normalized to albumin may be suitable proxies of chemical activity-based TMFs for longer-chained PFAS, which predominantly partition to polar lipids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharine M. Fremlin
- Department
of Biological Sciences, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Drive, Burnaby, BC V5A
1S6, Canada
- Ecotoxicology
and Wildlife Health Division, Environment
and Climate Change Canada, 5421 Robertson Road, Delta, BC V4K 3N2, Canada
| | - John E. Elliott
- Department
of Biological Sciences, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Drive, Burnaby, BC V5A
1S6, Canada
- Ecotoxicology
and Wildlife Health Division, Environment
and Climate Change Canada, 5421 Robertson Road, Delta, BC V4K 3N2, Canada
| | - Robert J. Letcher
- Ecotoxicology
and Wildlife Health Division, National Wildlife Research Centre, Environment and Climate Change Canada, Carleton University, 1125 Colonel By Drive, Ottawa, ON K1A
0H3, Canada
| | - Tom Harner
- Air
Quality Research Division, Environment and
Climate Change Canada, 4905 Dufferin Street, Toronto, ON M3H 5T4, Canada
| | - Frank A.P.C. Gobas
- Department
of Biological Sciences, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Drive, Burnaby, BC V5A
1S6, Canada
- School
of Resource and Environmental Management, Faculty of the Environment, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC V5A
1S6, Canada
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17
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Hedgespeth ML, Taylor DL, Balint S, Schwartz M, Cantwell MG. Ecological characteristics impact PFAS concentrations in a U.S. North Atlantic food web. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 880:163302. [PMID: 37031936 PMCID: PMC10451026 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.163302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Revised: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 04/01/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
This is the first comprehensive study of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in a coastal food web of the U.S. North Atlantic, in which we characterize the presence and concentrations of 24 targeted PFAS across 18 marine species from Narragansett Bay, Rhode Island, and surrounding waters. These species reflect the diversity of a typical North Atlantic Ocean food web with organisms from a variety of taxa, habitat types, and feeding guilds. Many of these organisms have no previously reported information on PFAS tissue concentrations. We found significant relationships of PFAS concentrations with respect to various ecological characteristics including species, body size, habitat, feeding guild, and location of collection. Based upon the 19 PFAS detected in the study (5 were not detected in samples), benthic omnivores (American lobsters = 10.5 ng/g ww, winter skates = 5.77 ng/g ww, Cancer crabs = 4.59 ng/g ww) and pelagic piscivores (striped bass = 8.50 ng/g ww, bluefish = 4.30 ng/g ww) demonstrated the greatest average ∑PFAS concentrations across all species sampled. Further, American lobsters had the highest concentrations detected in individuals (∑PFAS up to 21.1 ng/g ww, which consisted primarily of long-chain PFCAs). The calculation of field-based trophic magnification factors (TMFs) for the top 8 detected PFAS determined that perfluorodecanoic acid (PFDA), perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (PFOS), and perfluorooctane sulfonamide (FOSA) associated with the pelagic habitat biomagnified, whereas perfluorotetradecanoic acid (PFTeDA) associated with the benthic habitat demonstrated trophic dilution in this food web (calculated trophic levels ranged from 1.65 to 4.97). While PFAS exposure to these organisms may have adverse implications for ecological impacts via toxicological effects, many of these species are also key recreational and commercial fisheries resulting in potential for human exposure via dietary consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie L Hedgespeth
- US Environmental Protection Agency, Center for Environmental Measurement and Modeling, Atlantic Coastal Environmental Sciences Division, Narragansett, RI 02882, USA.
| | - David L Taylor
- Department of Marine Biology, Roger Williams University, One Old Ferry Road, Bristol, RI 02809, USA
| | - Sawyer Balint
- ORISE Research Participant at the US Environmental Protection Agency, Center for Environmental Measurement and Modeling, Atlantic Coastal Environmental Sciences Division, Narragansett, RI 02882, USA
| | - Morgan Schwartz
- US Environmental Protection Agency, Center for Environmental Measurement and Modeling, Atlantic Coastal Environmental Sciences Division, Narragansett, RI 02882, USA
| | - Mark G Cantwell
- US Environmental Protection Agency, Center for Environmental Measurement and Modeling, Atlantic Coastal Environmental Sciences Division, Narragansett, RI 02882, USA
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18
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Jiao Z, Yu N, Mao J, Yang Q, Jiao L, Wang X, Shi W, Yu H, Wei S. The occurrence, tissue distribution, and PBT potential of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances in the freshwater organisms from the Yangtze river via nontarget analysis. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2023; 458:131868. [PMID: 37343408 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.131868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Revised: 04/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023]
Abstract
Numerous emerging per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) occur in the aquatic environment, posing a threat to aquatic ecosystems and human health. In this study, we conducted a nontarget analysis on 3 surface water samples and 92 tissue samples of 16 fish collected from the Yangtze River to investigate the patterns, tissue distribution, and environmental impacts of emerging PFASs. A total of 43 PFASs from 11 classes were identified, including 17 legacy PFASs and 26 emerging PFASs. Among the 43 PFASs, seven PFASs were reported in biota for the first time while five PFASs were reported in the environment for the first time. Chlorine substituted perfluoroalyl ether sulfonic acids were the major emerging PFASs detected in organisms. Our results showed that most emerging PFASs tended to accumulate in the liver whereas perfluorinated sulfonamides tended to accumulate in the blood, and all of the emerging PFASs accumulated less in the muscle. Methods for evaluating the persistence, bioaccumulation, and toxicity (PBT) of PFASs were developed by combining the in-silico methods and experimental methods. Long-chain PFASs were found to have extremely high PBT scores compared to short-chain PFASs. Additionally, most emerging PFASs exhibited comparable PBT characteristics with legacy PFASs, especially Cl-substituted PFASs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoyu Jiao
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Nanyang Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiadi Mao
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Qian Yang
- JiangYin QiuHao Testing Co.,Ltd, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Liping Jiao
- Third Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Xiamen, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuebing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China.
| | - Wei Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongxia Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Si Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
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19
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Chen Z, Zhan X, Zhang J, Diao J, Su C, Sun Q, Zhou Y, Zhang L, Bi R, Ye M, Wang T. Bioaccumulation and risk mitigation of legacy and novel perfluoroalkyl substances in seafood: Insights from trophic transfer and cooking method. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2023; 177:108023. [PMID: 37301048 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2023.108023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 06/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) have widespread application in industrial and civil areas due to their unique physical and chemical properties. With the increasingly stringent regulations of legacy PFAS, various novel alternatives have been developed and applied to meet the market demand. Legacy and novel PFAS pose potential threats to the ecological safety of coastal areas, however, little is known about their accumulation and transfer mechanism, especially after cooking treatment. This study investigated the biomagnification and trophic transfer characteristics of PFAS in seafood from the South China Sea, and assessed their health risks after cooking. Fifteen target PFAS were all detected in the samples, of which perfluorobutanoic acid (PFBA) was dominant with concentrations ranging from 0.76 to 4.12 ng/g ww. Trophic magnification factors (TMFs) > 1 were observed for perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) and 6:2 chlorinated polyfluoroalkyl ether sulfonic acid (F-53B), indicating that these compounds experienced trophic magnification in the food web. The effects of different cooking styles on PFAS occurrence were further explored and the results suggested that ΣPFAS concentrations increased in most organisms after baking, while ΣPFAS amounts decreased basically after boiling and frying. Generally, there is a low health risk of exposure to PFAS when cooked seafood is consumed. This work provided quantitative evidence that cooking methods altered PFAS in seafood. Further, suggestions to mitigate the health risks of consuming PFAS-contaminated seafood were provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenwei Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Disaster Prediction and Prevention, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China; Institute of Marine Sciences, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China
| | - Xinyi Zhan
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Disaster Prediction and Prevention, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China; Institute of Marine Sciences, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China
| | - Jingru Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Academic of Environmental Science, Guangzhou 510045, China
| | - Jieyi Diao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Disaster Prediction and Prevention, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China; Institute of Marine Sciences, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China
| | - Chuanghong Su
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Disaster Prediction and Prevention, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China; Institute of Marine Sciences, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China
| | - Qiongping Sun
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Disaster Prediction and Prevention, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China; Institute of Marine Sciences, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China
| | - Yunqiao Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Tibetan Plateau Earth System, Resources and Environment, Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Lulu Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Academic of Environmental Science, Guangzhou 510045, China
| | - Ran Bi
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Disaster Prediction and Prevention, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China; Institute of Marine Sciences, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China
| | - Mai Ye
- Guangdong Provincial Academic of Environmental Science, Guangzhou 510045, China
| | - Tieyu Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Disaster Prediction and Prevention, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China; Institute of Marine Sciences, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China.
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20
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Ekperusi AO, Bely N, Pollono C, Mahé K, Munschy C, Aminot Y. Prevalence of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) in marine seafood from the Gulf of Guinea. CHEMOSPHERE 2023:139110. [PMID: 37270038 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.139110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Revised: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
PFASs are ubiquitous in the global environment due to their wide use, persistence and bioaccumulation, and are of concern for human health. This study investigated the levels of PFASs in seafood with a view to provide knowledge on the occurrence of PFASs in marine resources and to evaluate seafood safety and human health risk via dietary exposure to coastal communities in the Gulf of Guinea, where there is currently very little data. The sum of targeted PFASs was between 91 and 1510 pg g-l ww (mean 465 ± 313 pg g-l ww), with PFOS and long-chain PFCAs prevailing. The concentrations of PFASs in the three species of croakers were species- and location-dependent, with habitat and anthropogenic pressure as likely drivers of the differences. Significantly higher contamination levels were found in male croakers. The trophic transfer and biomagnification of PFASs from shrimps to croakers was evidenced for PFOS and long-chain PFCAs (with a significant increase of contaminants from the prey to the predator). The calculated estimated daily intakes (EDIs) and hazard ratio (HR) for PFOS in croakers (whole fish and muscles) and shrimp were lower than the European Food and Safety Agency's recommended level for PFOS (1.8 ng kg-1 day-1) and below the HR safety threshold value of 1. From the results, based on present safety limits, PFOS levels in croakers and shrimps from the Gulf of Guinea do not pose immediate health risks to the human population. This study provides the first insight regarding the distribution of PFASs in seafood from the tropical NE Atlantic region of the Gulf of Guinea and highlights the need for further monitoring across the Gulf.
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21
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Wang Q, Ruan Y, Jin L, Tao LSR, Lai H, Li G, Yeung LWY, Leung KMY, Lam PKS. Legacy and Emerging Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances in a Subtropical Marine Food Web: Suspect Screening, Isomer Profile, and Identification of Analytical Interference. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2023. [PMID: 37220884 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c00374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
The ban/elimination of legacy per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) has led to a dramatic increase in the production and use of various emerging PFASs over the past decade. However, trophodynamics of many emerging PFASs in aquatic food webs remain poorly understood. In this study, samples of seawaters and marine organisms including 15 fish species, 21 crustacean species, and two cetacean species were collected from the northern South China Sea (SCS) to investigate the trophic biomagnification potential of legacy and emerging PFASs. Bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide was found in seawater via suspect screening (concentration up to 1.50 ng/L) but not in the biota, indicating its negligible bioaccumulation potential. A chlorinated perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) analytical interfering compound was identified with a predicted formula of C14H23O5SCl6- (most abundant at m/z = 514.9373). Significant trophic magnification was observed for 22 PFASs, and the trophic magnification factors of cis- and trans-perfluoroethylcyclohexane sulfonate isomers (1.92 and 2.25, respectively) were reported for the first time. Perfluorohexanoic acid was trophic-magnified, possibly attributed to the PFAS precursor degradation. The hazard index of PFOS was close to 1, implying a potential human health risk via dietary exposure to PFASs in seafood on the premise of continuous PFAS discharge to the SCS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Pollution and Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong 999077, China
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai 519080, China
- Research Centre for the Oceans and Human Health, City University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen 518057, China
- Man-Technology-Environment Research Centre (MTM), Örebro University, Örebro SE-70182, Sweden
| | - Yuefei Ruan
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Pollution and Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong 999077, China
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai 519080, China
- Research Centre for the Oceans and Human Health, City University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen 518057, China
| | - Linjie Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Pollution and Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong 999077, China
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai 519080, China
| | - Lily S R Tao
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Pollution and Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Han Lai
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai 519080, China
| | - Guifeng Li
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai 519080, China
| | - Leo W Y Yeung
- Man-Technology-Environment Research Centre (MTM), Örebro University, Örebro SE-70182, Sweden
| | - Kenneth M Y Leung
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Pollution and Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong 999077, China
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai 519080, China
- Research Centre for the Oceans and Human Health, City University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen 518057, China
| | - Paul K S Lam
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Pollution and Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong 999077, China
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai 519080, China
- Research Centre for the Oceans and Human Health, City University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen 518057, China
- Department of Science, School of Science and Technology, Hong Kong Metropolitan University, Good Shepherd Street, Kowloon, Hong Kong 999077, China
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22
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Sköld M. Trend detection with non-detects in long-term monitoring, a mixed model approach. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2023; 195:663. [PMID: 37171495 PMCID: PMC10182149 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-023-11285-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
In long-term monitoring of contaminants in biota, a common approach is to use yearly geometric means of measured concentrations in sampled individuals as a basis for trend analysis. When some or all measurements in a particular year are reported as non-detects, it is unclear how to proceed in calculating the yearly mean. I argue that by casting the problem in terms of a mixed model, non-detects can be accounted for using statistical techniques for censored data. The approach is illustrated using data from the Swedish national monitoring programme for contaminants in biota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Sköld
- Department of Environmental Research and Monitoring, Swedish Museum of Natural History, Stockholm, Sweden.
- Department of Mathematics, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden.
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23
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Yun X, Lewis AJ, Stevens-King G, Sales CM, Spooner DE, Kurz MJ, Suri R, McKenzie ER. Bioaccumulation of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances by freshwater benthic macroinvertebrates: Impact of species and sediment organic carbon content. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 866:161208. [PMID: 36581279 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.161208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Revised: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in aquatic environments have caused global concern due to their persistence, toxicity, and potential bioaccumulation of some compounds. As an important compartment of the aquatic ecosystem, sediment properties impact PFAS partitioning between aqueous and solid phases, but little is known about the influence of sediment organic carbon content on PFAS bioaccumulation in benthic organisms. In this study, three freshwater benthic macroinvertebrates - worms (Lumbriculus variegatus), mussels (Elliptio complanata) and snails (Physella acuta) - were exposed for 28 days to PFAS spiked synthetic sediment equilibrated with a synthetic surface water. Using microcosms, sediment organic carbon content - 2%, 5% and 8% - was manipulated to assess its impact on PFAS bioaccumulation. Worms were found to have substantially greater PFAS bioaccumulation compared to mussels and snails. The bioaccumulation factors (BAFs) and biota sediment accumulation factors (BSAFs) in worms were both one to two magnitudes higher than in mussels and snails, likely due to different habitat-specific uptake pathways and elimination capacities among species. In these experiments, increasing sediment organic carbon content decreased the bioaccumulation of PFAS to benthic macroinvertebrates. In worms, sediment organic carbon content was hypothesized to impact PFAS bioaccumulation by affecting PFAS partitioning and sediment ingestion rate. Notably, the BSAF values of 8:2 fluorotelomer sulfonic acid (FTS) were the largest among 14 PFAS for all species, suggesting that the benthic macroinvertebrates probably have different metabolic mechanisms for fluorotelomer sulfonic acids compared to fish evaluated in published literature. Understanding the impact of species and sediment organic carbon on PFAS bioaccumulation is key to developing environmental quality guidelines and evaluating potential ecological risks to higher trophic level species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyan Yun
- Civil and Environmental Engineering Department, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19122, USA
| | - Asa J Lewis
- Department of Civil, Architectural, and Environmental Engineering, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Galen Stevens-King
- Department of Civil, Architectural, and Environmental Engineering, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Christopher M Sales
- Department of Civil, Architectural, and Environmental Engineering, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Daniel E Spooner
- Department of Biology, Lock Haven University, Commonwealth University of Pennsylvania, Lock Haven, PA 17745, USA
| | - Marie J Kurz
- Academy of Natural Sciences of Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA 19103, USA; Environmental Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA
| | - Rominder Suri
- Civil and Environmental Engineering Department, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19122, USA
| | - Erica R McKenzie
- Civil and Environmental Engineering Department, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19122, USA.
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24
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Zhang Y, Chen Y, Chen H, Zhang Y, Yang L, Zhong W, Zhu L. Direct evidence of the important role of proteins in bioconcentration and biomagnification of PFASs in benthic organisms based on comparison with OPEs. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 863:161012. [PMID: 36549529 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.161012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Revised: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Despite the wide acceptance that bioconcentration and biomagnification of per/polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) is related to proteins in organisms, few direct evidences are available. Here, bioconcentration and biomagnification of 9 organophosphate esters (OPEs) and 16 PFASs, which have similar range of log Kow (octanol-water partitioning coefficient) values, were compared in the benthic food chain of biofilm-snail in Taihu Lake, China. The ∑OPEs level in water (150-23,036 ng/L) was significantly higher than ∑PFASs (57.3-351 ng/L). Although the logarithm of bioconcentration factors of both OPEs and PFASs in biofilm positively correlated with their log Kow, the slope of PFASs was 4 times of that of OPEs, which might be due to the strong interactions of PFASs with biofilm extracellular proteins. Additionally, PFASs exhibited distinctly greater biomagnification factors from biofilm to snails (3.09-17.8) than OPEs (0.39-3.48). Significant correlations between the concentrations and protein contents in snails were observed for most long-chain PFASs, but not for any OPEs. Multiple receptor models identified polyurethane foam (77.9 %) and food packaging/metal plating (56.9 %) were the primary sources of OPEs and PFASs in Taihu Lake, respectively. We provided strong and direct evidences that proteins facilitated bioconcentration and biomagnification of PFASs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, PR China
| | - Ying Chen
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, PR China
| | - Huijuan Chen
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, PR China
| | - Yanfeng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, PR China
| | - Liping Yang
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, PR China
| | - Wenjue Zhong
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, PR China
| | - Lingyan Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, PR China.
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25
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Wen W, Xiao L, Hu D, Zhang Z, Xiao Y, Jiang X, Zhang S, Xia X. Fractionation of perfluoroalkyl acids (PFAAs) along the aquatic food chain promoted by competitive effects between longer and shorter chain PFAAs. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 318:137931. [PMID: 36706813 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.137931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Revised: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Perfluoroalkyl acids (PFAAs) are proteinophilic pollutants. We hypothesized that fractionation of PFAAs may occur along a food chain. To testify this hypothesis, we investigated the bioconcentration, bioaccumulation, and fractionation of 11 kinds of PFAAs (C-F = 3-11) along an aquatic food chain consisting of D. magna, zebrafish, and cichlid. The results showed that the proportions of PFNA, PFOA, and all shorter chain PFAAs in the D. magna and fish tissues were lower than the ones in exposure water, opposing to the other longer chain PFAAs. Predation promoted such fractionation differences, and the proportions of PFNA, PFOA, and all shorter chain PFAAs in organisms decreased while those of the other longer chain PFAAs increased along the food chain. The results of isothermal titration calorimetry and molecular docking experiments showed that binding affinities of PFAAs and fish proteins increased with the number of perfluorinated carbons, resulting in a substitution of shorter chain PFAAs by their longer chain analogues. It also triggered the differences in the uptake and elimination of PFFAs and competitive bioaccumulation between longer and shorter chain PFAAs. This study suggests that fractionation should be considered in studying environmental behaviors and evaluating ecological risks of multiple PFAAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wu Wen
- Instrumentation and Service Center for Science and Technology, Beijing Normal University at ZhaiHai, 519087, China; Key Laboratory of Water and Sediment Sciences of Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875 China
| | - Lu Xiao
- Instrumentation and Service Center for Science and Technology, Beijing Normal University at ZhaiHai, 519087, China; Key Laboratory of Water and Sediment Sciences of Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875 China
| | - Diexuan Hu
- Key Laboratory of Water and Sediment Sciences of Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875 China
| | - Zhining Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Water and Sediment Sciences of Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875 China
| | - Yilin Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Water and Sediment Sciences of Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875 China
| | - Xiaoman Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Water and Sediment Sciences of Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875 China
| | - Shangwei Zhang
- Advanced Interdisciplinary Institute of Environment and Ecology, Beijing Normal University, Zhuhai, 519087, China.
| | - Xinghui Xia
- Key Laboratory of Water and Sediment Sciences of Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875 China.
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26
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Banyoi SM, Porseryd T, Larsson J, Grahn M, Dinnétz P. The effects of exposure to environmentally relevant PFAS concentrations for aquatic organisms at different consumer trophic levels: Systematic review and meta-analyses. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2022; 315:120422. [PMID: 36244496 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.120422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Revised: 10/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Per-and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) is a collective name for approximately 4700 synthetic chemicals ubiquitous in the aquatic environment worldwide. They are used in a wide array of products and are found in living organisms around the world. Some PFAS have been associated with cancer, developmental toxicity, endocrine disruption, and other health effects. Only a fraction of PFAS are currently monitored and regulated and the presence and effects on aquatic organisms of many PFAS are largely unknown. The aim of this study is to investigate the health effects of environmentally relevant concentrations of PFAS on aquatic organisms at different consumer trophic levels through a systematic review and meta-analysis. The main result shows that PFAS in concentrations up to 13.5 μg/L have adverse effects on body size variables for secondary consumers. However, no significant effects on liver or gonad somatic indices and neither on fecundity were found. In addition, the results show that there are large research gaps for PFAS effects on different organisms in aquatic environments at environmentally relevant concentrations. Most studies have been performed on secondary consumers and there is a substantial lack of studies on other consumers in aquatic ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia-Maria Banyoi
- Department of Natural Sciences, Technology and Environmental Studies, Södertörn University, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Tove Porseryd
- Department of Natural Sciences, Technology and Environmental Studies, Södertörn University, Huddinge, Sweden.
| | - Josefine Larsson
- Department of Natural Sciences, Technology and Environmental Studies, Södertörn University, Huddinge, Sweden; Marint Centrum, Simrishamn Kommun, Simrishamn, Sweden
| | - Mats Grahn
- Department of Natural Sciences, Technology and Environmental Studies, Södertörn University, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Patrik Dinnétz
- Department of Natural Sciences, Technology and Environmental Studies, Södertörn University, Huddinge, Sweden
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27
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Cheng H, Lv C, Li J, Wu D, Zhan X, Song Y, Zhao N, Jin H. Bioaccumulation and biomagnification of emerging poly- and perfluoroalkyl substances in marine organisms. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 851:158117. [PMID: 35985598 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.158117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Revised: 08/14/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Accumulating evidence has demonstrated the wide environmental presence of 6:2 chlorinated polyfluoroalkyl ether sulfonates (6:2 Cl-PFAES) and p-perfluorous nonenoxybenzene sulfonate (PFNOBS). However, data on the bioaccumulation and trophic magnification of these emerging poly- and perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) in subtropical marine environment is still limited. In this study, seawater (n = 17), sediment (n = 14), and marine organism (27 species; n = 177) samples were collected from East China Sea, and analyzed them for legacy and emerging PFASs. Besides perfluoroalkyl carboxylates and perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS), 6:2 Cl-PFAES was always among the predominant PFASs detected in seawater, sediment, and marine organism. For emerging PFASs, 6:2 Cl-PFAES (mean ± SD, 3.1 ± 0.17), 8:2 Cl-PFAES (3.3 ± 0.35), and PFNOBS (3.3 ± 0.19) had lower bioaccumulation factors (BAF) than PFOS (3.4 ± 0.22) in marine fish. In crab, PFNOBS (3.7 ± 0.33) had a lower biota-sediment accumulation factor (BSAF) than PFOS (3.9 ± 0.45). In snail, among all detected PFASs, PFNOBS (4.0 ± 0.42) had the highest mean log BSAF value. 8:2 Cl-PFAES consistently had a higher log BSAF value than 6:2 Cl-PFAES in snail and crab. Notably, these differences in BAF and BSAF are not significant. Among PFASs, 6:2 Cl-PFAES (2.3; 95 % confidence interval, CI: 1.9-2.6) displayed the highest trophic magnification factor (TMF). PFNOBS had the lowest TMF value (1.8, 95 % CI: 1.4-2.1), but which still indicates its weak biomagnification through the current marine food web. This is the first study reporting the bioaccumulation and biomagnification of PFNOBS in marine organisms, which deepens the understanding of its environmental behavior in the marine ecosystem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haixiang Cheng
- College of Chemical and Material Engineering, Quzhou University, Quzhou, Zhejiang 324000, PR China
| | - Chenhan Lv
- College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, PR China
| | - Jianhui Li
- College of Chemical and Material Engineering, Quzhou University, Quzhou, Zhejiang 324000, PR China
| | - Dexin Wu
- Hangzhou Xinjing Environmental Protection Technology Co., Ltd., Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310012, PR China
| | - Xugang Zhan
- Quzhou Ecological Environment Bureau, Quzhou, Zhejiang 324000, PR China
| | - Ying Song
- Quzhou Ecological Environment Bureau, Quzhou, Zhejiang 324000, PR China
| | - Nan Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology for Industrial Pollution Control of Zhejiang Province, College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, PR China
| | - Hangbiao Jin
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology for Industrial Pollution Control of Zhejiang Province, College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, PR China.
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28
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Giffard NG, Gitlin SA, Rardin M, Petali JM, Chen CY, Romano ME. Occurrence and Risks of Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances in Shellfish. Curr Environ Health Rep 2022; 9:591-603. [PMID: 36255596 PMCID: PMC9841895 DOI: 10.1007/s40572-022-00379-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are a diverse class of persistent, fluorinated surfactants used widely in industrial and commercial applications with known adverse health effects. Seafood consumption is thought to be an underappreciated source of PFAS exposure in the general population. This review synthesizes the current understanding of PFAS occurrence in shellfish, a term used to describe animals such as mollusk bivalves, certain gastropods (snails), cephalopods (e.g., octopuses and squid), and crustaceans, and highlights scientific gaps relative to bioaccumulation and the protection of shellfish consumers. RECENT FINDINGS A range of sampling methodologies are used across studies, and the suite of PFAS surveyed across studies is highly variable. Concentrations of PFAS observed in shellfish vary by geographic location, shellfish species, habitat, and across PFAS compounds, and studies informing estimates of bioaccumulation of PFAS in shellfish are extremely limited at this time. This review identifies several important opportunities for researchers to standardize PFAS sampling techniques, sample preparation, and analytical methodologies to allow for better comparison of PFAS analytes both within and across future studies. Increasing the range of geographic locations where samples are collected is also a critical priority to support a greater knowledge of worldwide PFAS contamination. When put into the context of risk to consumer, concentrations of PFAS, especially PFOS, found in shellfish collected from sites containing aqueous film-forming foam (AFFF) and industrial contamination may present risks to frequent consumers. Further research is needed to protect shellfish consumers and to inform shellfish advisories and health protective policies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan G Giffard
- Department of Biological Sciences, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, USA
| | - Saige A Gitlin
- Department of Biological Sciences, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, USA
| | - Marta Rardin
- Environmental Health Program, New Hampshire Department of Environmental Services, Concord, NH, USA
| | - Jonathan M Petali
- Environmental Health Program, New Hampshire Department of Environmental Services, Concord, NH, USA
| | - Celia Y Chen
- Department of Biological Sciences, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, USA
| | - Megan E Romano
- Department of Epidemiology, The Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, NH, USA.
- One Medical Center Drive, Hinman, Box 7927, Lebanon, NH, 03756, USA.
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Munschy C, Spitz J, Bely N, Héas-Moisan K, Olivier N, Pollono C, Chouvelon T. A large diversity of organohalogen contaminants reach the meso- and bathypelagic organisms in the Bay of Biscay (northeast Atlantic). MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2022; 184:114180. [PMID: 36183511 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2022.114180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Revised: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Deep-sea ecosystems play a key role in the cycling and vertical transfer of matter and energy in oceans. Although the contamination of deep-sea demersal and benthic organisms by persistent organic pollutants has been proven, deep pelagic species have been far less studied. To fill these gaps, we studied the occurrence of a large variety of hydrophobic organic contaminants including polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), organochlorine pesticides (OCPs), legacy and alternative brominated flame retardants (BFRs) and per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) in crustaceans and fish species collected in the Bay of Biscay, northeast Atlantic. The results highlighted the global predominance of PCBs in fish, followed by OCPs, PFASs and PBDEs, with highly variable concentrations among species. Most of the chlorinated or brominated contaminants showed increasing concentrations with increasing δ15N values, while most PFASs showed inverse trends. The contaminant profiles and diagnostic ratios revealed species-specific metabolic capacities and peculiar contribution of highly-brominated BFRs.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Munschy
- Ifremer, CCEM Contamination Chimique des Ecosystèmes Marins, F-44000 Nantes, France.
| | - J Spitz
- Centre d'Etude Biologique de Chizé (CEBC), UMR 7372, Université de La Rochelle / CNRS, 79360 Villiers-en-Bois, France; Observatoire PELAGIS, UAR 3462, Université de La Rochelle / CNRS, 17000 La Rochelle, France
| | - N Bely
- Ifremer, CCEM Contamination Chimique des Ecosystèmes Marins, F-44000 Nantes, France
| | - K Héas-Moisan
- Ifremer, CCEM Contamination Chimique des Ecosystèmes Marins, F-44000 Nantes, France
| | - N Olivier
- Ifremer, CCEM Contamination Chimique des Ecosystèmes Marins, F-44000 Nantes, France
| | - C Pollono
- Ifremer, CCEM Contamination Chimique des Ecosystèmes Marins, F-44000 Nantes, France
| | - T Chouvelon
- Ifremer, CCEM Contamination Chimique des Ecosystèmes Marins, F-44000 Nantes, France; Observatoire PELAGIS, UAR 3462, Université de La Rochelle / CNRS, 17000 La Rochelle, France
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30
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Miranda DDA, Peaslee GF, Zachritz AM, Lamberti GA. A worldwide evaluation of trophic magnification of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances in aquatic ecosystems. INTEGRATED ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT AND MANAGEMENT 2022; 18:1500-1512. [PMID: 35029321 DOI: 10.1002/ieam.4579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Revised: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
A review of the published literature on the trophic magnification factor (TMF) for per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) was conducted to assess how biomagnification varies across aquatic systems worldwide. Although the TMF has been recognized as the most reliable tool for assessing the biomagnification of organic contaminants, peer-reviewed studies reporting TMFs for PFAS are few and with limited geographical distribution. We found 25 published studies of the biomagnification of 35 specific PFAS, for which the TMF was generated through linear regression of individual log-PFAS concentration and the δ15 N-based trophic position of each organism in the food webs. Studies were concentrated mainly in China, North America, and Europe, and the most investigated compound was perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS), which was frequently shown to be biomagnified in the food web (TMFs ranging from 0.8 to 20). Other long-chain carboxylates displayed substantial variation in trophic magnification. Observed differences in the TMF were associated with length of the food web, geographic location, sampling methodologies, tissue analyzed, and distance from known direct PFAS inputs. In addition to biomagnification of legacy PFAS, precursor substances were observed to bioaccumulate in the food web, which suggests they may biotransform to more persistent PFAS compounds in upper trophic levels. This review discusses the variability of environmental characteristics driving PFAS biomagnification in natural ecosystems and highlights the different approaches used by each study, which can make comparisons among studies challenging. Suggestions on how to standardize TMFs for PFAS are also provided in this review. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2022;18:1500-1512. © 2022 SETAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniele de A Miranda
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana, USA
- Environmental Change Initiative, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana, USA
- Department of Physics, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana, USA
| | - Graham F Peaslee
- Environmental Change Initiative, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana, USA
- Department of Physics, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana, USA
| | - Alison M Zachritz
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana, USA
| | - Gary A Lamberti
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana, USA
- Environmental Change Initiative, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana, USA
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Judy JD, Gravesen C, Christopher Wilson P, Lee L, Sarchapone J, Hinz F, Broadbent E. Trophic transfer of PFAS from tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) to tobacco hornworm (Manduca sexta) caterpillars. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2022; 310:119814. [PMID: 35926738 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.119814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Revised: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
PFASs are highly persistent in the environment and the potential exists for terrestrial biota to accumulate PFAS, which may result in exposure of higher trophic level organisms to these compounds through consumption. However, trophic transfer of proteinophilic compounds such as PFAS has not been extensively studied and the degree to which plant-accumulated PFAS will be transferred to herbivorous consumers is unclear. Here, we exposed Solanum lycopersicum (tomato) plants to a suite of 7 different PFAS, including 4 carboxylic acids (PFOA, PFHxA, PFHpA and PFDA) and 3 sulfonates (PFBS, PFHxS and PFOS). Exposed leaf tissues were subsequently fed to Manduca sexta (tobacco hornworm) caterpillars. Biomagnification factors (BMFs) were all below 1 and patterns of uptake and elimination were similar between the different PFAS. However, PFOS bioaccumulated in the hornworms to a much higher concentration, with approximately 5-fold higher BMFs and assimilation efficiencies (AEs) than other PFAS tested. AE and BMF, as well as PFAS uptake by the plants, were positively correlated with PFAS carbon chain length for both sulfonates and carboxylic acids, providing evidence that longer chain PFAS may be more efficiently accumulated (or less efficiently eliminated) than shorter-chain PFAS in some contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan D Judy
- University of Florida, Soil and Water Sciences Department, 1692 McCarty Dr, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA.
| | - Caleb Gravesen
- University of Florida, Soil and Water Sciences Department, 1692 McCarty Dr, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
| | - P Christopher Wilson
- University of Florida, Soil and Water Sciences Department, 1692 McCarty Dr, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
| | - Linda Lee
- Purdue University, Department of Agronomy, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA; Purdue University, Ecological Sciences & Engineering Interdisciplinary Graduate Program, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA; Purdue University, Environmental & Ecological Engineering, West Lafayette IN, 47907, USA
| | - Jennifer Sarchapone
- University of Florida, Soil and Water Sciences Department, 1692 McCarty Dr, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
| | - Francisca Hinz
- University of Florida, Soil and Water Sciences Department, 1692 McCarty Dr, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
| | - Emma Broadbent
- University of Florida, Soil and Water Sciences Department, 1692 McCarty Dr, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
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Munoz G, Mercier L, Duy SV, Liu J, Sauvé S, Houde M. Bioaccumulation and trophic magnification of emerging and legacy per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in a St. Lawrence River food web. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2022; 309:119739. [PMID: 35817301 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.119739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2022] [Revised: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Research on per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in freshwater ecosystems has focused primarily on legacy compounds and little is still known on the presence of emerging PFAS. Here, we investigated the occurrence of 60 anionic, zwitterionic, and cationic PFAS in a food web of the St. Lawrence River (Quebec, Canada) near a major metropolitan area. Water, sediments, aquatic vegetation, invertebrates, and 14 fish species were targeted for analysis. Levels of perfluorobutanoic acid (PFBA) in river water exceeded those of perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) or perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS), and a zwitterionic betaine was observed for the first time in the St. Lawrence River. The highest mean PFAS concentrations were observed for the benthopelagic top predator Smallmouth bass (Micropterus dolomieu, Σ60PFAS ∼ 92 ± 34 ng/g wet weight whole-body) and the lowest for aquatic plants (0.52-2.3 ng/g). Up to 33 PFAS were detected in biotic samples, with frequent occurrences of emerging PFAS such as perfluorobutane sulfonamide (FBSA) and perfluoroethyl cyclohexane sulfonate (PFECHS), while targeted ether-PFAS all remained undetected. PFOS and long-chain perfluorocarboxylates (C10-C13 PFCAs) dominated the contamination profiles in biota except for insects where PFBA was predominant. Gammarids, molluscs, and insects also had frequent detections of PFOA and fluorotelomer sulfonates, an important distinction with fish and presumably due to different metabolism. Based on bioaccumulation factors >5000 and trophic magnification factors >1, long-chain (C10-C13) PFCAs, PFOS, perfluorodecane sulfonate, and perfluorooctane sulfonamide qualified as very bioaccumulative and biomagnifying. Newly monitored PFAS such as FBSA and PFECHS were biomagnified but moderately bioaccumulative, while PFOA was biodiluted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel Munoz
- Department of Chemistry, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Laurie Mercier
- Aquatic Contaminants Research Division, Environment and Climate Change Canada, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Sung Vo Duy
- Department of Chemistry, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Jinxia Liu
- Department of Civil Engineering, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Sébastien Sauvé
- Department of Chemistry, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Magali Houde
- Aquatic Contaminants Research Division, Environment and Climate Change Canada, Montreal, QC, Canada.
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Piva E, Ioime P, Dall'Ara S, Fais P, Pascali JP. Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) determination in shellfish by liquid chromatography coupled to accurate mass spectrometry. Drug Test Anal 2022; 14:1652-1659. [PMID: 35562100 DOI: 10.1002/dta.3282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Revised: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Sonia Dall'Ara
- National Reference Laboratory for Marine Biotoxins, Fondazione Centro Ricerche Marine, Cesenatico, Italy
| | - Paolo Fais
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Unit of Legal Medicine, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Jennifer P Pascali
- Department of Cardiologic, Thoracic and Vascular Sciences- Legal Medicine and Toxicology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
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34
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Lemos L, Gantiva L, Kaylor C, Sanchez A, Quinete N. American oysters as bioindicators of emerging organic contaminants in Florida, United States. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 835:155316. [PMID: 35447178 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.155316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Revised: 04/10/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) and phthalate esters (PAEs) are emerging contaminants of higher concern due to their wide industrial and commercial use, toxicity, and potential adverse health effects. In this study, we assessed PFAS and PAEs exposure in American oysters collected in three study sites in Florida, USA. Potential physiological effects of these contaminants were assessed by collecting oyster biometric data, calculating condition indices, and assessing oxidative stress levels in these individuals. Finally, a human health risk assessment was conducted based on the concentrations found in the consumable Tampa Bay (TB) oysters. All PFAS and PAEs compounds assessed in this study were detected in at least one oyster in all study sites. Among all locations, ΣPFAS concentration range was 0.611-134.78 ng·g-1 and ΣPAEs <0.328-1021 ng·g-1. Despite the smaller size of Biscayne Bay (BB) oysters, they displayed the highest concentrations of most of the PFAS and PAEs compounds, which is likely associated with population size, and other sources in the area. Condition index (CI) III was smaller in BB oysters, likely indicating a stressed population. Even though BB oysters were the most affected individuals, Marco Island (MI) oysters displayed the highest levels of lipid peroxidation, which can also be associated with environmental factors and decreased food availability. Conversely, TB oysters exhibited the highest levels of hydrogen peroxide, likely indicating a better defense mechanism in TB oysters compared to MI oysters. The human health risk assessment for TB oysters indicated low risk from PFAS and PAEs exposure, but there is no reference dose for other compounds and the human diet is wider than only oysters. Therefore, the risk of contaminant exposure is likely higher. This study demonstrates the value of integrating data on contaminant exposure and physiological responses of bioindicator specimens to better understand how emerging contaminants are affecting marine wildlife.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leila Lemos
- Institute of Environment, Florida International University, North Miami, FL 33181, USA.
| | - Laura Gantiva
- Institute of Environment, Florida International University, North Miami, FL 33181, USA
| | - Catherine Kaylor
- Oceanography Department, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Alessandra Sanchez
- Institute of Environment, Florida International University, North Miami, FL 33181, USA
| | - Natalia Quinete
- Institute of Environment, Florida International University, North Miami, FL 33181, USA; Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Florida International University, North Miami, FL 33181, USA.
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35
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Sun JM, Kelly BC, Gobas FAPC, Sunderland EM. A food web bioaccumulation model for the accumulation of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in fish: how important is renal elimination? ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE. PROCESSES & IMPACTS 2022; 24:1152-1164. [PMID: 35678632 PMCID: PMC9384792 DOI: 10.1039/d2em00047d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are a large class of highly fluorinated anthropogenic chemicals. Some PFAS bioaccumulate in aquatic food webs, thereby posing risks for seafood consumers. Existing models for persistent organic pollutants (POPs) perform poorly for ionizable PFAS. Here we adapt a well-established food web bioaccumulation model for neutral POPs to predict the bioaccumulation behavior of six perfluoroalkyl acids (PFAAs) and two perfluoroalkyl ether acids (HFPO-DA, 9-Cl-PF3ONS) produced as PFAA replacements. The new model includes sorption to blood plasma proteins and phospholipids, empirically parameterized membrane transport, and renal elimination for PFAAs. Improved performance relative to prior models without these updates is shown by comparing simulations to field and lab measurements. PFAS with eight or more perfluorinated carbons (ηpfc ≥ 8, i.e., C8 perfluorosulfonic acid, C10-C11 perfluorocarboxylic acid, 9-Cl-PF3ONS) are often the most abundant in aquatic food webs. The new model reproduces their observed bioaccumulation potential within a factor of two for >80% of fish species, indicating its readiness to support development of fish consumption advisories for these compounds. Results suggest bioaccumulation of ηpfc ≥ 8 PFAS is primarily driven by phospholipid partitioning, and that renal elimination is negligible for these compounds. However, specific protein binding mechanisms are important for reproducing the observed tissue concentrations of many shorter-chain PFAAs, including protein transporter-mediated renal elimination. Additional data on protein-binding and membrane transport mechanisms for PFAS are needed to better understand the biological behavior of shorter-chain PFAAs and their alternatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer M Sun
- Harvard John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA, 02138. jennifersun@.g.harvard.edu
| | - Barry C Kelly
- Meta Analytical Inc., Calgary, AB, T3H 2Z5, Canada
- School of Resource and Environmental Management, Faculty of the Environment, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, V5A 1S6, Canada
| | - Frank A P C Gobas
- School of Resource and Environmental Management, Faculty of the Environment, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, V5A 1S6, Canada
| | - Elsie M Sunderland
- Harvard John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA, 02138. jennifersun@.g.harvard.edu
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Liu Y, Zhang Q, Li Y, Hao Y, Li J, Zhang L, Wang P, Yin Y, Zhang S, Li T, Wang Y, Dong S, Wei S, Zhang W, Su X, Li X. Occurrence of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) in raw milk and feed from nine Chinese provinces and human exposure risk assessment. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 300:134521. [PMID: 35395262 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.134521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Revised: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 04/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) are substantially produced and applied in industrial and domestic products, which have recently aroused great public concern for their potential toxicity to humans. In the present study, raw milk (n = 107) and cow feed samples (n = 70) were collected across nine Chinese provinces, in order to investigate the occurrence of PFASs in milk and feed, and the human exposure risk to milk. The concentrations of PFASs are in the range of < method detection limit -9.82 ng/g dw (average: 1.03 ng/g dw) for milk and 0.99-144 ng/g dw (7.68 ng/g dw) for feed. Perfluorobutanoic acid (34.0%) dominates in feed, while perfluorooctanesulfonic acid (67.5%) dominates in milk. No significant positive correlations of PFASs are observed between paired feed and milk (p > 0.05). However, feeds collected around fluorination production area show relatively higher PFAS levels than those from other areas, which also increase PFAS levels in milk. Risk assessment of PFASs through milk consumption is carried out according to evolving reference doses (RfDs). The hazard quotient is more than one for both adults and children when the strictest RfDs are applied. The Monte Carlo Simulation shows that children face higher PFAS exposure risk than adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifei Liu
- Institute of Quality Standard and Testing Technology for Agro-Products, The Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Qinghua Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Centre for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China
| | - Yingming Li
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Centre for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China
| | - Yanfen Hao
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Centre for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China
| | - Jingguang Li
- NHC Key Laboratory of Food Safety Risk Assessment, China National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Food Safety Risk Assessment, China National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Peilong Wang
- Institute of Quality Standard and Testing Technology for Agro-Products, The Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Yuhan Yin
- Institute of Quality Standard and Testing Technology for Agro-Products, The Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Su Zhang
- Institute of Quality Standard and Testing Technology for Agro-Products, The Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Tong Li
- Institute of Quality Standard and Testing Technology for Agro-Products, The Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Yaxin Wang
- Institute of Quality Standard and Testing Technology for Agro-Products, The Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Shujun Dong
- Institute of Quality Standard and Testing Technology for Agro-Products, The Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Shulin Wei
- Institute of Quality Standard and Testing Technology for Agro-Products, The Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Institute of Quality Standard and Testing Technology for Agro-Products, The Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Xiaoou Su
- Institute of Quality Standard and Testing Technology for Agro-Products, The Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Xiaomin Li
- Institute of Quality Standard and Testing Technology for Agro-Products, The Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing, 100081, China.
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Macorps N, Le Menach K, Pardon P, Guérin-Rechdaoui S, Rocher V, Budzinski H, Labadie P. Bioaccumulation of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substance in fish from an urban river: Occurrence, patterns and investigation of potential ecological drivers. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2022; 303:119165. [PMID: 35306089 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.119165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Revised: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are ubiquitous in aquatic environments and a recent shift toward emerging PFAS is calling for new data on their occurrence and fate. In particular, understanding the determinants of their bioaccumulation is fundamental for risk assessment purposes. However, very few studies have addressed the combined influence of potential ecological drivers of PFAS bioaccumulation in fish such as age, sex or trophic ecology. Thus, this work aimed to fill these knowledge gaps by performing a field study in the Seine River basin (France). Composite sediment and fish (European chub, Squalius Cephalus) samples were collected from four sites along a longitudinal transect to investigate the occurrence of 36 PFAS. Sediment molecular patterns were dominated by fluorotelomer sulfonamidoalkyl betaines (i.e. 6:2 and 8:2 FTAB, 46% of ∑PFAS on average), highlighting the non-negligible contribution of PFAS of emerging concern. C9-C14 perfluoroalkyl carboxylic acids, perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (PFOS), perfluorooctane sulfonamide (FOSA) and 10:2 fluorotelomer sulfonate (10:2 FTSA) were detected in all fish samples. Conversely, 8:2 FTAB was detected in a few fish from the furthest downstream station only, suggesting the low bioaccessibility or the biotransformation of FTABs. ∑PFAS in fish was in the range 0.22-3.8 ng g-1 wet weight (ww) and 11-140 ng g-1 ww for muscle and liver, respectively. Fish collected upstream of Paris were significantly less contaminated than those collected downstream, pointing to urban and industrial inputs. The influence of trophic ecology and biometry on the interindividual variability of PFAS burden in fish was examined through analyses of covariance (ANCOVAs), with sampling site considered as a categorical variable. While the latter was highly significant, diet was also influential; carbon sources and trophic level (i.e. estimated using C and N stable isotope ratios, respectively) equally explained the variability of PFAS levels in fish.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Patrick Pardon
- CNRS/Université de Bordeaux, UMR 5805 EPOC, Talence, France
| | | | | | | | - Pierre Labadie
- CNRS/Université de Bordeaux, UMR 5805 EPOC, Talence, France.
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38
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Diao J, Chen Z, Wang T, Su C, Sun Q, Guo Y, Zheng Z, Wang L, Li P, Liu W, Hong S, Khim JS. Perfluoroalkyl substances in marine food webs from South China Sea: Trophic transfer and human exposure implication. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2022; 431:128602. [PMID: 35255338 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.128602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Revised: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) are known to be persistent and toxic, and can be accumulated and trophic magnified in the environments. PFASs are widely distributed, and their coastal input poses a threat to the health of aquatic organisms and local residents. In present study, 17 PFASs including one emerging polyether substitute in water, sediment, and organisms were investigated from the South China Sea. Perfluorobutanoic acid (PFBA) was predominant in water, of which concentration ranged from ND to 10.26 ng/L, with a mean of 5.21 ng/L. Similar to sediment and organisms, PFBA was the substance with the highest concentration detected among PFASs. This result seemingly indicated that use of short-chain PFASs as substitutes for long-chain PFASs in recent years. Trophic magnification factors (TMFs) of PFASs were estimated in the marine food web. TMFs > 1 was observed only in perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (PFOS), indicating a biomagnification potential of PFOS in the given ecosystem. The estimated daily intake (EDI) of PFOS and PFOA were most prevalent in mollusk, whereas the EDI of PFBA was greater in fish and shrimp. The hazard ratio (HR) reported for seven dominant PFASs were lower than 1, which suggests that PFASs via seafood consumption would not cause significant health risk to local residents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jieyi Diao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Disaster Prediction and Prevention, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China; Institute of Marine Sciences, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China
| | - Zhenwei Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Disaster Prediction and Prevention, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China; Institute of Marine Sciences, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China
| | - Tieyu Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Disaster Prediction and Prevention, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China; Institute of Marine Sciences, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China.
| | - Chuanghong Su
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Disaster Prediction and Prevention, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China; Institute of Marine Sciences, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China
| | - Qiongping Sun
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Disaster Prediction and Prevention, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China; Institute of Marine Sciences, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China
| | - Yanjun Guo
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Disaster Prediction and Prevention, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China; Institute of Marine Sciences, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China
| | - Zhao Zheng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Disaster Prediction and Prevention, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China; Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, Guangzhou 511458, China
| | - Lin Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Disaster Prediction and Prevention, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China; Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, Guangzhou 511458, China
| | - Ping Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Disaster Prediction and Prevention, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China; Institute of Marine Sciences, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China; Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, Guangzhou 511458, China
| | - Wenhua Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Disaster Prediction and Prevention, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China; Institute of Marine Sciences, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China; Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, Guangzhou 511458, China
| | - Seongjin Hong
- Department of Marine Environmental Science, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Seong Khim
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences & Research Institute of Oceanography, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
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Li Y, Yao J, Zhang J, Pan Y, Dai J, Ji C, Tang J. First Report on the Bioaccumulation and Trophic Transfer of Perfluoroalkyl Ether Carboxylic Acids in Estuarine Food Web. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2022; 56:6046-6055. [PMID: 34296857 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.1c00965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
As novel alternatives to legacy poly- and perfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS), perfluoroalkyl ether carboxylic acids (PFECAs) have been widely detected in the environment; however, there is limited information and knowledge regarding their bioaccumulation and trophic transfer behavior along the food chain. This research presents the first known published data on the bioaccumulation and trophic transfer characteristics of PFECAs in a source-impacted estuary. Elevated PFECA concentrations were observed in organisms (for instance, conch, with perfluoro-2-methoxyacetic acid (PFMOAA) concentration reaches up to 16 700 ng/g dry weight (dw)), indicating exposure risks to the consumers. Conch can be acted as a potential environmental bioindicator of PFMOAA. PFMOAA, hexafluoropropylene oxide trimer acid (HFPO-TrA) and PFOA were predominant detected in biotas. On the basis of trophic magnification factors (TMFs), PFECAs with ≥6 perfluorinated carbons (HFPO-TrA, hexafluoropropylene oxide tetramer acid (HFPO-TeA) and perfluoro (3, 5, 7, 9, 11-pentaoxadodecanoic) acid (PFO5DoA)) could be biomagnified along the food chain (TMF > 1), while PFMOAA with the least perfluorinated carbons undergone biodilution (TMF < 1). As seafood is an important dietary source of protein to human, there is a potential health risk related to the consuming polluted aquatic products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanan Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research (YIC), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS); Shandong Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes, YICCAS, Yantai 264003, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Jingzhi Yao
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Jian Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research (YIC), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS); Shandong Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes, YICCAS, Yantai 264003, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yitao Pan
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Jiayin Dai
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Chenglong Ji
- CAS Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research (YIC), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS); Shandong Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes, YICCAS, Yantai 264003, China
| | - Jianhui Tang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research (YIC), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS); Shandong Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes, YICCAS, Yantai 264003, China
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40
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Zhang Y, Qv Z, Wang J, Yang Y, Chen X, Wang J, Zhang Y, Zhu L. Natural biofilm as a potential integrative sample for evaluating the contamination and impacts of PFAS on aquatic ecosystems. WATER RESEARCH 2022; 215:118233. [PMID: 35248909 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2022.118233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Revised: 02/19/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Natural biofilm can be a suitable medium for the monitoring of pollutants. Limited information is currently available regarding the occurrence of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in periphytic biofilm and low-trophic level organisms of freshwater ecosystems. In this study, surface water, biofilm, phytoplankton, and freshwater snails were collected from Taihu Lake, China, and characterized for 16 PFAS, including legacy compounds (PFSAs/PFCAs) and PFAS of emerging concern (fluorotelomer sulfonates and F-53B). The colonized biofilms effectively bioaccumulated PFAS from water, with the total concentration (∑PFAS) in the range of 1.96-20.1 ng/g wet weight, and the bioaccumulation factor increased with the PFAS log Kow values. As compared with phytoplankton, the ∑PFAS in biofilms displayed a stronger correlation with those in water. PFAS distinctly biomagnified from the biofilm to freshwater snail, with the biomagnification factor in the range of 3.09 ± 2.03 - 17.8 ± 10.2, implying the important role of biofilm in PFAS transfer in aquatic environment. Extracellular proteins production in biofilm increased with the water PFAS concentrations. The total extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) content increased with the water PFAS concentration firstly and then declined to a steady level, while the algal chlorophyll level exhibited a similar relationship with the PFAS in biofilm. High PFAS levels were also associated with depressed alpha diversity of fungal community in biofilms. Biofilm appears as a relevant indicator to characterize the occurrence of PFAS in aquatic ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, PR China
| | - Zhiqian Qv
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, PR China
| | - Jingwen Wang
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, PR China
| | - Yi Yang
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, PR China
| | - Xin Chen
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, PR China
| | - Jingzhen Wang
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, PR China
| | - Yanfeng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, PR China.
| | - Lingyan Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, PR China.
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Kaboré HA, Goeury K, Desrosiers M, Vo Duy S, Liu J, Cabana G, Munoz G, Sauvé S. Novel and legacy per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in freshwater sporting fish from background and firefighting foam impacted ecosystems in Eastern Canada. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 816:151563. [PMID: 34762942 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.151563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Revised: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Emerging PFAS were recently reported at sites impacted by aqueous film-forming foams (AFFFs) and near major manufacturing centers; however, few studies have evaluated whether these can occur far from release sites. Here, newly identified PFAS were investigated in wild sporting fish from boreal freshwater ecosystems (background sites, 2013-2014 summer seasons), compared to fish impacted by a major AFFF release (summer 2013 and autumn 2014). Different freshwater wild sporting fish species (Esox lucius, Esox masquinongy, Micropterus dolomieu, Sander vitreus, Perca flavescens, and Semotilus corporalis, n = 74) were collected from 13 ecosystems (lakes, reservoirs, and rivers) across Eastern Canada. Of 29 quantitative PFAS, 15 compounds were detected in fish from background sites, including perfluorocarboxylates (C6,8-14), perfluoroalkane sulfonates (C6,8,10), perfluorooctane sulfonamide (FOSA), 6:2 fluorotelomer sulfonate (6:2 FTSA), 7:3 fluorotelomer carboxylic acid (7:3 FTCA), and a zwitterionic PFAS-perfluorooctane sulfonamidoalkyl betaine (PFOSB). To our knowledge, this is the first report of PFOSB in biota. It is also one of the first reports of anionic fluorotelomers (6:2 FTSA, 7:3 FTCA, 9:3 FTCA) in wildlife from background sites. Long-chain fluorotelomer sulfonamidoalkyl betaines (e.g., 8:2 and 10:2 FTAB), fluorotelomer betaines (e.g., 9:3 and 9:1:2 FTB), and fluorotelomer sulfone propanoic acids (e.g., 8:2 FT(SO2)-PA, 10:2 FT(SO2)-PA)) were solely prevalent (up to 97% of summed suspect PFAS) in Smallmouth Bass (M. dolomieu) from the AFFF-impacted site. Perfluorobutane sulfonamide (FBSA), perfluorohexane sulfonamide (FHxSA), 6:2 FTSA and 7:3 FTCA were detected in at least one Smallmouth Bass sample both at the AFFF-impacted and background sites. According to the estimated chronic daily intake and current tolerable daily intake suggested by national agencies, the observed PFOS levels would not pose a health risk to anglers who might consume these wild-caught fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hermann A Kaboré
- Department of Chemistry, Université de Montréal (UdeM), Montréal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Ken Goeury
- Department of Chemistry, Université de Montréal (UdeM), Montréal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Mélanie Desrosiers
- Centre d'expertise en analyse environnementale du Québec (CEAEQ), Ministère de l'Environnement et de la Lutte contre les changements climatiques, Québec City, QC G1P 3W8, Canada
| | - Sung Vo Duy
- Department of Chemistry, Université de Montréal (UdeM), Montréal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Jinxia Liu
- Department of Civil Engineering, McGill University, Montréal, QC H3A 0G4, Canada
| | - Gilbert Cabana
- Département des Sciences de l'Environnement, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières (UQTR), Trois-Rivières, QC G8Z 4M3, Canada
| | - Gabriel Munoz
- Department of Chemistry, Université de Montréal (UdeM), Montréal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Sébastien Sauvé
- Department of Chemistry, Université de Montréal (UdeM), Montréal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada.
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Pougnet F, Gil-Díaz T, Blanc G, Coynel A, Bossy C, Schäfer J. Historical mass balance of cadmium decontamination trends in a major European continent-ocean transition system: Case study of the Gironde Estuary. MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 176:105594. [PMID: 35279515 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2022.105594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 03/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Despite the effective remediation efforts following the end of the metallurgic activity thirty years ago upstream the Lot River watershed, the levels of cadmium (Cd) accumulated in wild oysters from the downstream Gironde Estuary still exceed nowadays the admissible human consumption limit (5 mg/kg, d.w.). The main goal of this work is to quantify the role of sediments as long-term intra-estuarine sources or sinks of Cd and the transport of this contaminant towards the estuary mouth taking as case study the example of the highly turbid Gironde Estuary. The original estimation for the annual net fluxes of the suspended particulate matter ( [Formula: see text] and particulate Cd ( [Formula: see text] ) presented in this work between 1990 and 2020 indicates that 80% of the Cd discharged into the ocean is in dissolved form (Cdd). The values of [Formula: see text] vary proportionally to those of [Formula: see text] and ranged between 0.1 and 1.4 t/y, with a ten-year average decreasing from 0.8 to 0.6 t/y for the past 30 years. The differences between ten-year total (Cdp + Cdd) gross and net fluxes show that Cd has effectively been stored in estuarine sediments. This Cd storage was of about 43, 22 and 13 t for the 1990s, 2000s and 2010s, respectively. However, during years of low gross fluxes, estuarine sediments act as additional, secondary sources of bio-available/dissolved Cd into the water column, potentially relating to the continued observations of high Cd concentrations in wild oysters at the estuary mouth. In addition to the natural solubility of Cdp along the salinity and turbidity gradients of the estuary, natural and anthropogenic remobilization of bottom sediment particles further contribute to its mobilization from the particle phase, along with other numerous inorganic/organic pollutants. The mass balances presented in this work could support a new sediment management policy potentially more beneficial to the estuarine ecosystem.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Teba Gil-Díaz
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, EPOC, EPHE, UMR 5805, F-33600, Pessac, France
| | - Gérard Blanc
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, EPOC, EPHE, UMR 5805, F-33600, Pessac, France
| | - Alexandra Coynel
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, EPOC, EPHE, UMR 5805, F-33600, Pessac, France
| | - Cécile Bossy
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, EPOC, EPHE, UMR 5805, F-33600, Pessac, France
| | - Jörg Schäfer
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, EPOC, EPHE, UMR 5805, F-33600, Pessac, France
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Chu K, Lu Y, Hua Z, Liu Y, Ma Y, Gu L, Gao C, Yu L, Wang Y. Perfluoroalkyl acids (PFAAs) in the aquatic food web of a temperate urban lake in East China: Bioaccumulation, biomagnification, and probabilistic human health risk. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2022; 296:118748. [PMID: 34958848 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.118748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Revised: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The bioaccumulation and biomagnification of perfluoroalkyl acids (PFAAs) in temperate urban lacustrine ecosystems is poorly understood. We investigated the occurrence and trophic transfer of and probabilistic health risk from 15 PFAAs in the food web of Luoma Lake, a temperate urban lake in East China. The target PFAAs were widely distributed in the water (∑PFAA: 77.09 ± 9.07 ng/L), suspended particulate matter (SPM) (∑PFAA: 284.07 ± 118.05 ng/g dw), and sediment samples (∑PFAA: 67.77 ± 17.96 ng/g dw) and occurred in all biotic samples (∑PFAA: 443.27 ± 124.89 ng/g dw for aquatic plants; 294.99 ± 90.82 for aquatic animals). PFBA was predominant in water and SPM, with 40.11% and 21.35% of the total PFAAs, respectively, while PFOS was the most abundant in sediments (14.11% of the total PFAAs) and organisms (14.33% of the total PFAAs). Sediment exposure may be the major route of biological uptake of PFAAs. The PFAA accumulation capacity was the highest in submerged plants, followed by emergent plants > bivalves > crustaceans > fish > floating plants. Long-chain PFAAs were biomagnified, and short-chain PFAAs were biodiluted across the entire lacustrine food web. PFOS exhibited the greatest bioaccumulation and biomagnification potential among the target PFAAs. However, biomagnification of short-chain PFAAs was also observed within the low trophic-level part of the food web. Human health risk assessment indicated that perfluorooctanesulfonate (PFOS) and perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) posed health risks to all age groups, while the other PFAAs were unlikely to cause immediate harm to consumers in the region. This study fills a gap in the knowledge of the transfer of PFAAs in the food webs of temperate urban lakes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kejian Chu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, PR China; Yangtze Institute for Conservation and Development, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, PR China; College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, PR China
| | - Ying Lu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, PR China; Yangtze Institute for Conservation and Development, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, PR China; College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, PR China.
| | - Zulin Hua
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, PR China; Yangtze Institute for Conservation and Development, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, PR China; College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, PR China
| | - Yuanyuan Liu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, PR China; Yangtze Institute for Conservation and Development, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, PR China; College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, PR China
| | - Yixin Ma
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, PR China; Yangtze Institute for Conservation and Development, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, PR China; College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, PR China
| | - Li Gu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, PR China; Yangtze Institute for Conservation and Development, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, PR China; College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, PR China
| | - Chang Gao
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, PR China; Yangtze Institute for Conservation and Development, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, PR China; College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, PR China
| | - Liang Yu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, PR China; Yangtze Institute for Conservation and Development, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, PR China; College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, PR China
| | - Yifan Wang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, PR China; Yangtze Institute for Conservation and Development, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, PR China; College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, PR China
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Kumar E, Koponen J, Rantakokko P, Airaksinen R, Ruokojärvi P, Kiviranta H, Vuorinen PJ, Myllylä T, Keinänen M, Raitaniemi J, Mannio J, Junttila V, Nieminen J, Venäläinen ER, Jestoi M. Distribution of perfluoroalkyl acids in fish species from the Baltic Sea and freshwaters in Finland. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 291:132688. [PMID: 34718016 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.132688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Revised: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 10/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Occurrence and distribution of perfluoroalkyl acids (PFAAs), a sub-category of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs), is widespread in the environment. Food, especially fish meat, is a major pathway via which humans are exposed to PFAAs. As fish is an integral part of Nordic diet, therefore, in this study, several fish species, caught in selected Baltic Sea basins and freshwater bodies of Finland, were analysed for PFAAs. Perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) was detected in all Baltic Sea fish samples and in >80% fish samples from freshwaters. PFOS contributed between 46 and 100% to the total PFAA concentration in Baltic Sea fish samples and between 19 and 28% in fish samples from freshwaters. Geographically, concentration ratios of PFOS to other PFAAs differed between fish from the Baltic Sea and Finnish lakes suggesting that distribution of PFAAs differ in these environments. Results were compared with current safety thresholds - environmental quality standard for biota (EQSbiota) set by the European Commission and a group tolerable weekly intake (TWI) for the sum of four PFASs (∑PFAS-4) i.e. perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), perfluorononanoic acid (PFNA), perfluorohexane sulfonate (PFHxS) and PFOS, recommended by the European Food Authority (EFSA). EQSbiota compliance was observed for PFOS in all species except smelt caught in the Baltic Sea and also in the River Aurajoki, where smelt had migrated from the Baltic Sea for spawning. Moderate consumption of most Baltic fishes (200 g week-1) results in an exceedance of the new TWI (4.4 ng kg-1 body weight week-1) for ∑PFAS-4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Kumar
- Department of Health Security, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, FI-70701, Kuopio, Finland.
| | - Jani Koponen
- Department of Health Security, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, FI-70701, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Panu Rantakokko
- Department of Health Security, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, FI-70701, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Riikka Airaksinen
- Department of Health Security, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, FI-70701, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Päivi Ruokojärvi
- Department of Health Security, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, FI-70701, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Hannu Kiviranta
- Department of Health Security, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, FI-70701, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Pekka J Vuorinen
- Natural Resources Institute Finland, Latokartanonkaari 9, FI-00790, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Timo Myllylä
- Natural Resources Institute Finland, Itäinen Pitkäkatu 4 A, FI-20520, Turku, Finland
| | - Marja Keinänen
- Natural Resources Institute Finland, Latokartanonkaari 9, FI-00790, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jari Raitaniemi
- Natural Resources Institute Finland, Itäinen Pitkäkatu 4 A, FI-20520, Turku, Finland
| | - Jaakko Mannio
- Finnish Environment Institute, Latokartanonkaari 11, FI-00790, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Ville Junttila
- Finnish Environment Institute, Latokartanonkaari 11, FI-00790, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Janne Nieminen
- Finnish Food Authority, Chemistry Research Unit, Mustialankatu 3, FI-00790, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Eija-Riitta Venäläinen
- Finnish Food Authority, Chemistry Research Unit, Mustialankatu 3, FI-00790, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Marika Jestoi
- Finnish Food Authority, Chemistry Research Unit, Mustialankatu 3, FI-00790, Helsinki, Finland
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45
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Langberg HA, Hale SE, Breedveld GD, Jenssen BM, Jartun M. A review of PFAS fingerprints in fish from Norwegian freshwater bodies subject to different source inputs. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE. PROCESSES & IMPACTS 2022; 24:330-342. [PMID: 35079763 DOI: 10.1039/d1em00408e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The extensive use of per- and polyfluorinated alkyl substances (PFAS) has resulted in many environmental point and diffuse sources. Identifying the source responsible for a pollution hot spot is vital for assessing remediation measures, however, as there are many possible sources of environmental PFAS pollution, this can be challenging. Chemical fingerprinting has been proposed as an approach to identify contamination sources. Here, concentrations and profiles (relative distribution profiles) of routinely targeted PFAS in freshwater fish from eight sites in Norway, representing three different sources: (1) production of paper products, (2) the use of aqueous film forming foams (AFFF), and (3) long-range atmospheric transport, were investigated. The data were retrieved from published studies. Results showed that fingerprinting of PFAS in fish can be used to identify the dominant exposure source(s), and the profiles associated with the different sources were described in detail. Based on the results, the liver was concluded to be better suited for source tracking compared to muscle. PFAS fingerprints originating from AFFF were dominated by perfluorooctanesulfonate (PFOS) and other perfluoroalkanesulfonic acids (PFSA). Fingerprints originating from both long-range atmospheric transport and production of paper products were associated with high percentages of long chained perfluoroalkyl carboxylic acids (PFCA). However, there were differences between the two latter sources with respect to the ∑PFAS concentrations and ratios of specific PFCA pairs (PFUnDA/PFDA and PFTrDA/PFDoDA). Low ∑PFAS concentrations were detected in fish exposed mainly to PFAS via long-range atmospheric transport. In contrast, ∑PFAS concentrations were high and high percentages of PFOS were detected in fish exposed to pollution from production of paper products. The source-specific fingerprints described here can be used for source tracking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Håkon A Langberg
- Environment and Geotechnics, Norwegian Geotechnical Institute (NGI), Oslo, Norway.
- Department of Biology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway
| | - Sarah E Hale
- Environment and Geotechnics, Norwegian Geotechnical Institute (NGI), Oslo, Norway.
| | - Gijs D Breedveld
- Environment and Geotechnics, Norwegian Geotechnical Institute (NGI), Oslo, Norway.
- Department of Geosciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Arctic Technology, The University Centre in Svalbard (UNIS), Norway
| | - Bjørn M Jenssen
- Department of Biology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway
| | - Morten Jartun
- Norwegian Institute for Water Research (NIVA), Oslo, Norway
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Beale DJ, Hillyer K, Nilsson S, Limpus D, Bose U, Broadbent JA, Vardy S. Bioaccumulation and metabolic response of PFAS mixtures in wild-caught freshwater turtles (Emydura macquariimacquarii) using omics-based ecosurveillance techniques. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 806:151264. [PMID: 34715216 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.151264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Revised: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
PFAS mixtures in the environment are common and identifying PFAS constituents, bioaccumulation, and biological impacts of mixtures remains a challenge. Here, an omics-based ecosurveillance approach was taken to investigate the impacts of PFAS pollution in freshwater turtles (Emydura macquariimacquarii). Four turtles were collected from an impacted waterway downstream from an industrial source of PFAS contamination in Queensland, Australia and analysed for 49 different PFAS. One turtle was collected from a suitable control site. PFAS concentrations were quantified in turtle serum using an established targeted methodology. The serum PFAS concentration was ten-fold greater at the impacted site (Σ49 PFAS 1933 ± 481 ng/mL) relative to the control sample (Σ49 PFAS 140 ng/mL). Perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS; 889 ± 56 ng/mL) was 235 times higher in turtle serum than in the water that they were collected from (ΣPFAS 32.0 μg/L). Perfluorobutane sulfonamide (FBSA; 403 ± 83 ng/mL) and perfluorohexane sulfonamide (FHxSA; 550 ± 330 ng/mL) were also reported at substantial concentrations in the serum of impacted turtles. Biochemical profiles were analysed using a mixture of liquid chromatography triple quadrupole (QqQ) and quadrupole time-of-flight (QToF) mass spectrometry methodologies. These profiles demonstrated a positive correlation in the impacted turtles exposed to elevated PFAS with an enhanced purine metabolism, glycerophosphocholines and an innate immune response, which suggest an inflammation response, metabolic preservation and re-routing of central carbon metabolites. Conversely, lipid transport and binding activity were negatively correlated. Using these preliminary data, we were able to demonstrate the negative metabolic impact from PFAS mixtures on turtle metabolic health. With further research on a larger turtle cohort, omics-based data will contribute towards linking adverse outcome pathways for turtle populations exposed to PFAS mixtures. Moreover, expanding the use of ecosurveillance tools will inform mechanistic toxicological data for risk assessment and regulatory applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- David J Beale
- Land and Water, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, Ecosciences Precinct, Dutton Park, QLD 4102, Australia.
| | - Katie Hillyer
- Land and Water, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, Ecosciences Precinct, Dutton Park, QLD 4102, Australia
| | - Sandra Nilsson
- Queensland Alliance for Environmental Health Sciences, The University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, QLD 4102, Australia
| | - Duncan Limpus
- Aquatic Threatened Species, Wildlife and Threatened Species Operations, Department of Environment and Science, Queensland Government, Australia
| | - Utpal Bose
- Agriculture and Food, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, Queensland Bioscience Precinct, St Lucia, QLD 4067, Australia
| | - James A Broadbent
- Agriculture and Food, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, Queensland Bioscience Precinct, St Lucia, QLD 4067, Australia
| | - Suzanne Vardy
- Water Quality and Investigation, Science and Technology Division, Department of Environment and Science, Queensland Government, Australia
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Lobry J, Mounier F, Ballutaud M, Chevillot X, Gascuel D, Budzinski H, Labadie P, Drouineau H. ESCROpath, a Bayesian mixing model to quantify diets and trophic flows in aquatic food webs. Methods Ecol Evol 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/2041-210x.13808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Florence Mounier
- INRAE UR EABX F‐33612 Cestas cedex France
- DataReportR 33610 Canéjan France
| | - Marine Ballutaud
- Université de Lille CNRS Université Littoral Côte d'Opale UMR 8187 LOG station marine de Wimereux F‐59000 France
| | | | - Didier Gascuel
- ESE Ecology and ecosystem health Institut Agro INRAE 35042 Rennes France
| | | | - Pierre Labadie
- Université de Bordeaux UMR CNRS 5805 EPOC 33405 Talence France
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Barhoumi B, Sander SG, Driss MR, Tolosa I. Survey of legacy and emerging per- and polyfluorinated alkyl substances in Mediterranean seafood from a North African ecosystem. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2022; 292:118398. [PMID: 34695516 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.118398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 09/25/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Despite the ubiquity of per- and polyfluorinated alkyl substances (PFAS) in all environmental compartments, little is known about the pollution they cause on the African continent, neither on levels, nor effects. Here we examined the occurrence and levels of 21 legacy and emerging PFAS in 9 marine species (3 fish, 2 crustaceans and 4 mollusks) collected from Bizerte lagoon, Northern Tunisia. Furthermore, assessment of potential human health risks through consumption of contaminated seafood was examined. This is the first study assessing PFAS in Mediterranean coastal areas of North Africa. Twelve out of the 21 targeted PFAS were detected, evidencing the occurrence of PFAS in seafood from North Africa, albeit at low levels. The Ʃ21PFAS concentrations in all seafood samples ranged from 0.202 ng g-1 dry weight (dw) to 2.89 ng g-1 dw, with a mean value of 1.10 ± 0.89 ng g-1 dw. The profiles of PFAS varied significantly among different species, which might be related to their different trophic level, protein content, feeding behaviour and metabolism. Generally, current exposure to PFAS through seafood consumption indicates that it should not be of concern to the local consumers, at least for those PFAS for which information is available.
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Affiliation(s)
- Badreddine Barhoumi
- IAEA Environment Laboratories, 4a Quai Antoine 1er, 98000, Monaco, Principality of Monaco, Monaco.
| | - Sylvia G Sander
- IAEA Environment Laboratories, 4a Quai Antoine 1er, 98000, Monaco, Principality of Monaco, Monaco; GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel, Wischhofstr. 1-3, 24148, Kiel, Germany
| | - Mohamed Ridha Driss
- Laboratory of Hetero-Organic Compounds and Nanostructured Materials (LR18ES11), Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences of Bizerte, University of Carthage, 7021, Zarzouna, Tunisia
| | - Imma Tolosa
- IAEA Environment Laboratories, 4a Quai Antoine 1er, 98000, Monaco, Principality of Monaco, Monaco.
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Taylor S, Terkildsen M, Stevenson G, de Araujo J, Yu C, Yates A, McIntosh RR, Gray R. Per and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) at high concentrations in neonatal Australian pinnipeds. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 786:147446. [PMID: 33971603 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.147446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Revised: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Per and polyfluorinated substances (PFAS) exposure was investigated in Australian pinnipeds. Concentrations of 16 PFAS were measured in the livers of Australian sea lion (Neophoca cinerea), Australian fur seal (Arctocephalus pusillus doriferus) and a long-nosed Fur Seal (Arctocephalus forsteri) pup sampled between 2017 and 2020 from colonies in South Australia and Victoria. Findings reported in this study are the first documented PFAS concentrations in Australian pinnipeds. Median and observed range of values in ng/g wet weight were highest for perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS), perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and perfluorononanoic acid (PFNA) in the liver of N. cinerea (PFOS = 7.14, 1.00-16.9; PFOA = 2.73, 0.32-11.2; PFNA = 2.96, 0.61-8.22; n = 28), A. forsteri (PFOS = 15.98, PFOA = 2.02, PFNA = 7.86; n = 1) and A. p. doriferus (PFOS = 27.4, 10.5-2119; PFOA = 0.98, 0.32-52.2; PFNA = 2.50, 0.91-44.2; n = 20). PFAS concentrations in A. p. doriferus pups were significantly greater (p < 0.05) than in N. cinerea pups for all PFAS except PFOA and were of similar magnitude to those reported in northern hemisphere marine animals. These results demonstrate exposure differences in both magnitude and PFAS profiles for N. cinerea in South Australia and A. p. doriferus in Victoria. This study reports detectable PFAS concentrations in Australian pinniped pups indicating the importance of maternal transfer of these toxicants. As N. cinerea are endangered and recent declines in pup production has been reported for A. p. doriferus at the colony sampled, investigation of potential health impacts of these toxicants on Australian pinnipeds is recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shannon Taylor
- Sydney School of Veterinary Science, Faculty of Science, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW 2006, Australia.
| | | | - Gavin Stevenson
- Australian Ultra-Trace Laboratory, National Measurement Institute, North Ryde, NSW 2113, Australia.
| | - Jesuina de Araujo
- Australian Ultra-Trace Laboratory, National Measurement Institute, North Ryde, NSW 2113, Australia
| | - Chunhai Yu
- Australian Ultra-Trace Laboratory, National Measurement Institute, North Ryde, NSW 2113, Australia
| | - Alan Yates
- Australian Ultra-Trace Laboratory, National Measurement Institute, North Ryde, NSW 2113, Australia.
| | - Rebecca R McIntosh
- Conservation Department, Phillip Island Nature Parks, PO Box 97, Cowes, Victoria 3922, Australia.
| | - Rachael Gray
- Sydney School of Veterinary Science, Faculty of Science, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW 2006, Australia.
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50
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Groffen T, Nkuba B, Wepener V, Bervoets L. Risks posed by per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) on the African continent, emphasizing aquatic ecosystems. INTEGRATED ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT AND MANAGEMENT 2021; 17:726-732. [PMID: 33650734 DOI: 10.1002/ieam.4404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2020] [Revised: 12/29/2020] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are organic pollutants that may have adverse effects on the ecosystem. Despite the global presence of PFAS, knowledge of PFAS on the African continent is limited because monitoring of PFAS is challenging and often not feasible owing to the lack of analytical capacity and high cost. However, it is necessary to understand the environmental risks posed by these chemicals in developing countries, because increasing urbanization will likely increase PFAS contamination in the environment. Although, as far as is known, PFAS concentrations in the African aquatic environment are generally lower than in more developed countries, exceedances of ecological quality standards (EQS) were reported in a few cases, providing evidence of potential ecological risks to these ecosystems. However, the number of ecosystems at risk will likely increase as urbanization and modernization increase in African countries. Therefore, environmental regulations should be updated and implemented to reduce further contamination of the aquatic environment with these chemicals. In addition, analytical laboratories in Africa should develop their capacity to detect PFAS and related compounds regularly and routinely. Local hot spots need to be identified, the influence of these hot spots on the PFAS burden in the environment should be investigated, and environmental regulations should be implemented for these hot spots to reduce their environmental impact. Therefore, we recommend a more routine monitoring of PFAS, including new PFAS that are currently used as perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) alternatives, which are not regulated and environmentally concerning. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2021;17:726-732. © 2021 SETAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thimo Groffen
- Systemic Physiological and Ecotoxicological Research (SPHERE), Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Bossissi Nkuba
- Systemic Physiological and Ecotoxicological Research (SPHERE), Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
- Expertise Centre on Mining Governance (CEGEMI), Université Catholique de Bukavu, Bukavu, Democratic Republic of the Congo
| | - Victor Wepener
- Water Research Group, Unit for Environmental Sciences and Management, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
| | - Lieven Bervoets
- Systemic Physiological and Ecotoxicological Research (SPHERE), Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
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