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Yong PYA, Yip AJW, Islam F, Hong HJ, Teh YE, Tham CL, Tan JW. The anti-allergic potential of stingless bee honey from different botanical sources via modulation of mast cell degranulation. BMC Complement Med Ther 2023; 23:307. [PMID: 37667314 PMCID: PMC10476411 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-023-04129-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 09/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Allergy is an inflammatory disorder affecting around 20% of the global population. The adverse effects of current conventional treatments give rise to the increased popularity of using natural food products as complementary and alternative medicine against allergic diseases. Stingless bee honey, commonly known as Kelulut honey (KH) in Malaysia, has been used locally as a traditional remedy to relieve cough and asthma. This study evaluated the anti-allergic potential of KH collected from four different botanical sources on phorbol ester 12-myristate-3-acetate and calcium ionophore-activated human mast cells. METHODS The present study examined the inhibitory effects of all collected honey on the release of selected inflammatory mediators, such as tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin (IL)-4, IL-6, IL-8, histamine, and β-hexosaminidase in an activated HMC. Besides that, all honey's total phenolic content (TPC) was also examined, followed by using liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) to identify the phytochemicals in the honey. Further examination of the identified phytochemicals on their potential interaction with selected signaling molecules in an activated mast cell was conducted using computational methods. RESULTS The results indicated that there were significant inhibitory effects on all selected inflammatory mediators' release by KH sourced from bamboo (BH) and rubber tree (RH) at 0.5% and 1%, but not KH sourced from mango (AH) and noni (EH). BH and RH were found to have higher TPC values and were rich in their phytochemical profiles based on the LC-MS/MS results. Computational studies were employed to determine the possible molecular target of KH through molecular docking using HADDOCK and PRODIGY web servers. CONCLUSIONS In short, the results indicated that KH possesses anti-allergic effects towards an activated HMC, possibly by targeting downstream MAPKs. However, their anti-allergic effects may vary according to their botanical sources. Nevertheless, the present study has provided insight into the potential application of stingless bee honey as a complementary and alternative medicine to treat various allergic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Poi Yi Aw Yong
- School of Science, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, Bandar Sunway, Subang Jaya, 47500, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Ashley Jia Wen Yip
- School of Science, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, Bandar Sunway, Subang Jaya, 47500, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Fahmida Islam
- School of Science, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, Bandar Sunway, Subang Jaya, 47500, Selangor, Malaysia
- Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Clayton, 3800, VIC, Australia
| | - Hui Jing Hong
- School of Science, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, Bandar Sunway, Subang Jaya, 47500, Selangor, Malaysia
- Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine (INFORMM), Universiti Sains Malaysia, Pulau Pinang, 11800, Malaysia
| | - Yi En Teh
- School of Science, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, Bandar Sunway, Subang Jaya, 47500, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Chau Ling Tham
- Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, 43400, Selangor, Malaysia.
- Natural Medicines and Products Research Laboratory, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, 43400, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Ji Wei Tan
- School of Science, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, Bandar Sunway, Subang Jaya, 47500, Selangor, Malaysia.
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Li H, Tan X, Huang W, Zhu X, Yang X, Shen Y, Yan R. Enzymatic Acylation of Flavonoids from Bamboo Leaves: Improved Lipophilicity and Antioxidant Activity for Oil-Based Foods. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2023; 71:4817-4824. [PMID: 36935587 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c07673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The goal of this study was to expand the applications of bamboo leaf flavonoids (BLFs) by improving their lipophilicity through enzymatic acylation with vinyl cinnamate. Characterization of the acylated BLFs using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, high-resolution electrospray ionization mass spectrometry, electrospray ionization with tandem mass spectrometry, and 1H nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy indicated that acylation occurred at the C6-OH position of glucoside moieties. The highest degree of acylation (18.61%) was obtained by reacting BLFs with vinyl cinnamate (1:5, w/w) at 60 °C for 48 h. Acylation significantly improved the lipophilicity of BLFs and their capacity to inhibit lipid peroxidation, as evidenced by the reduced production of lipid hydroperoxides and malondialdehyde in rapeseed oil and rapeseed oil-in-water emulsions during storage at 37 °C for 15 days. The study findings provide important data that will enable the use of BLFs in lipid or lipophilic matrices, such as oil-based foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haimei Li
- School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Xinjia Tan
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Wenjing Huang
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Xucheng Zhu
- School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Xinquan Yang
- School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Yingbin Shen
- School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Rian Yan
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
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Cacciatore I, Spalletta S, Di Rienzo A, Flati V, Fornasari E, Pierdomenico L, Del Boccio P, Valentinuzzi S, Costantini E, Toniato E, Martinotti S, Conte C, Di Stefano A, Robuffo I. Anti-Obesity and Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Novel Carvacrol Derivatives on 3T3-L1 and WJ-MSCs Cells. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:ph16030340. [PMID: 36986440 PMCID: PMC10055808 DOI: 10.3390/ph16030340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Revised: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Obesity, a complex metabolic disease resulting from an imbalance between food consumption and energy expenditure, leads to an increase in adipocytes and chronic inflammatory conditions. The aim of this paper was to synthesize a small series of carvacrol derivatives (CD1-3) that are able to reduce both adipogenesis and the inflammatory status often associated with the progression of the obesity disease. (2) Methods: The synthesis of CD1-3 was performed using classical procedures in a solution phase. Biological studies were performed on three cell lines: 3T3-L1, WJ-MSCs, and THP-1. The anti-adipogenic properties of CD1-3 were evaluated using western blotting and densitometric analysis by assessing the expression of obesity-related proteins, such as ChREBP. The anti-inflammatory effect was estimated by measuring the reduction in TNF-α expression in CD1-3-treated THP-1 cells. (3) Results: CD1-3—obtained through a direct linkage between the carboxylic moiety of anti-inflammatory drugs (Ibuprofen, Flurbiprofen, and Naproxen) and the hydroxyl group of carvacrol—have an inhibitory effect on the accumulation of lipids in both 3T3-L1 and WJ-MSCs cell cultures and an anti-inflammatory effect by reducing TNF- α levels in THP-1 cells. (4) Conclusions: Considering the physicochemical properties, stability, and biological data, the CD3 derivative—obtained by a direct linkage between carvacrol and naproxen—resulted in the best candidate, displaying anti-obesity and anti-inflammatory effects in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivana Cacciatore
- Department of Pharmacy, “G. d’Annunzio” University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-871-355-44-75
| | - Sonia Spalletta
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, “G. d’Annunzio” University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Annalisa Di Rienzo
- Department of Pharmacy, “G. d’Annunzio” University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Flati
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L’Aquila, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy
| | - Erika Fornasari
- Department of Pharmacy, “G. d’Annunzio” University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Laura Pierdomenico
- Department of Medicine and Aging Sciences, Center on Advanced Studies and Technologies (CAST), “G. d’Annunzio” University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Piero Del Boccio
- Department of Pharmacy, “G. d’Annunzio” University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
- Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), University “G. d’Annunzio” of Chieti-Pescara, Via dei Vestini 31, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Silvia Valentinuzzi
- Department of Pharmacy, “G. d’Annunzio” University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
- Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), University “G. d’Annunzio” of Chieti-Pescara, Via dei Vestini 31, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Erica Costantini
- Department of Medicine and Aging Sciences, “G. d’Annunzio” University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Elena Toniato
- Department of Innovative Technology in Medicine and Odontoiatrics, “G. d’Annunzio” University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
- Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), “G. d’Annunzio” University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Stefano Martinotti
- Department of Innovative Technology in Medicine and Odontoiatrics, “G. d’Annunzio” University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
- Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), “G. d’Annunzio” University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Carmela Conte
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, 06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - Antonio Di Stefano
- Department of Pharmacy, “G. d’Annunzio” University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Iole Robuffo
- Department of Medicine and Aging Sciences, Center on Advanced Studies and Technologies (CAST), “G. d’Annunzio” University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
- Institute of Molecular Genetics “Luigi Luca Cavalli Sforza”, National Research Council, Section of Chieti, 66100 Chieti, Italy
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Choi MH, Yang SH, Kim DS, Kim ND, Shin HJ. Ethyl Gallate Isolated from Castanopsis cuspidata var. sieboldii Branches Inhibits Melanogenesis and Promotes Autophagy in B16F10 Cells. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12020269. [PMID: 36829827 PMCID: PMC9952331 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12020269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Revised: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The Castanopsis cuspidata var. sieboldii (CCS) plant grows predominantly in temperate regions of Asian countries, such as South Korea. Research on CCS has so far concentrated on the nutritional analysis, antioxidant activity, and anti-inflammation properties of its branches. However, the isolation of compounds and structural elucidation of effective single molecules remain unexplored, necessitating further exploration of CCS branches. Therefore, this study demonstrates the antioxidant and antimelanogenic activity of a single substance of ethyl gallate (EG) isolated from CCS branch extracts. Notably, the antimelanogenic (whitening) activity of EG extracted from CCS branches remains unexplored. Tyrosinase inhibition, kinetic enzyme assays, and molecular docking studies were conducted using mushroom tyrosinase in order to examine the antioxidant mechanism and antimelanin activity of EG in B16F10 melanoma cells. Nontoxic EG concentrations were found to be below 5 µg/mL. While EG significantly reduced the levels of whitening-associated proteins, p-CREB, and p-PKA, it dose-dependently inhibited the expression of TYR, TRP-1, TRP-2, and transcription factor (MITF). In addition, EG downregulated melanogenetic gene expression and activated autophagy signals. Therefore, EG extracted from CCS branches could serve as a novel functional cosmetic material with antimelanogenic and autophagy-enhancing activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moon-Hee Choi
- Department of Beauty and Cosmetology, Graduate School of Industrial Technology and Entrepreneurship, Chosun University, Gwangju 61452, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Hwa Yang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Graduate School of Chosun University, Gwangju 61452, Republic of Korea
| | - Da-Song Kim
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Graduate School of Chosun University, Gwangju 61452, Republic of Korea
| | - Nam-Doo Kim
- VORONOI BIO Inc., Incheon 21984, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Jae Shin
- Department of Beauty and Cosmetology, Graduate School of Industrial Technology and Entrepreneurship, Chosun University, Gwangju 61452, Republic of Korea
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Graduate School of Chosun University, Gwangju 61452, Republic of Korea
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-62-230-7518
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Xie Z, Yu G, Yun Y, Zhang X, Shen M, Jia M, Li A, Zhang H, Wang T, Zhang J, Zhang L. Effects of bamboo leaf extract on energy metabolism, antioxidant capacity, and biogenesis of small intestine mitochondria in broilers. J Anim Sci 2023; 101:skac391. [PMID: 36440554 PMCID: PMC9833010 DOI: 10.1093/jas/skac391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study was carried out to investigate the effects of bamboo leaf extract (BLE) on energy metabolism, antioxidant capacity, and biogenesis of broilers' small intestine mitochondria. A total of 384 one-day-old male Arbor Acres broiler chicks were randomly divided into four groups with six replicates each for 42 d. The control group was fed a basal diet, whereas the BLE1, BLE2, and BLE3 groups consumed basal diets with 1.0, 2.0, and 4.0 g/kg of BLE, respectively. Some markers of mitochondrial energy metabolism including isocitrate dehydrogenase, α-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase, and malate dehydrogenase and some markers of redox system including total superoxide dismutase, malondialdehyde, and glutathione were measured by commercial colorimetric kits. Mitochondrial and cellular antioxidant genes, mitochondrial biogenesis-related genes, and mitochondrial DNA copy number were measured by quantitative real-time-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). Data were analyzed using the SPSS 19.0, and differences were considered as significant at P < 0.05. BLE supplementation linearly increased jejunal mitochondrial isocitrate dehydrogenase (P < 0.05) and total superoxide dismutase (P < 0.05) activity. The ileal manganese superoxide dismutase mRNA expression was linearly affected by increased dietary BLE supplementation (P < 0.05). Increasing BLE supplementation linearly increased jejunal sirtuin 1 (P < 0.05) and nuclear respiratory factor 1 (P < 0.05) mRNA expression. Linear (P < 0.05) and quadratic (P < 0.05) responses of the ileal nuclear respiratory factor 2 mRNA expression occurred with increased dietary BLE levels. In conclusion, BLE supplementation was beneficial to the energy metabolism, antioxidant capacity, and biogenesis of small intestine mitochondria in broilers. The dose of 4.0 g/kg BLE demonstrated the best effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zechen Xie
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agriculture University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, P. R. China
| | - Ge Yu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agriculture University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, P. R. China
| | - Yang Yun
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agriculture University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, P. R. China
| | - Xin Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agriculture University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, P. R. China
| | - Mingming Shen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agriculture University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, P. R. China
| | - Minghui Jia
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agriculture University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, P. R. China
| | - Anqi Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agriculture University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, P. R. China
| | - Hao Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agriculture University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, P. R. China
| | - Tian Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agriculture University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, P. R. China
| | - Jingfei Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agriculture University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, P. R. China
| | - Lili Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agriculture University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, P. R. China
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Wang H, Xu S, Li D, Xie Z. Structural Characterization and Macrophage Polarization-Modulating Activity of a Novel Polysaccharide from Large Yellow Tea. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2022; 70:12565-12576. [PMID: 36154025 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c05593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
A novel homogeneous polysaccharide (LYP-S3) that promotes the M2 polarization of macrophages was obtained from large yellow tea by a bioactivity-guided sequential isolation procedure and activity evaluation in the present study. Structural characterization revealed that LYP-S3 has an average molecular weight of 28.6 kDa and is composed of rhamnose, arabinose, galactose, glucose, and galacturonic acid at the molar ratio of 8.08:11.66:11.77:3.96:58.02. The main backbone of LYP-S3 consists of →4)-α-d-GalpA-6-OMe-(1→, β-d-GalpA-(1→, →4)-β-d-Galp-(→1, and →β-d-Galp-(1→, and the branches are composed of α-l-Araf-(→1, →5)-α-l-Araf-(1→, →2,4)-β-l-Rhap-(1→, →2)-β-l-Rhap-(1→, and →4)-β-d-Glcp-(1→. An in vitro bioactivity evaluation assay showed that LYP-S3 remarkably reduced the expression of M1 macrophage markers and increased the expression of M2 macrophage markers. In addition, LYP-S3 inhibited adipocyte differentiation and adipogenesis in 3T3-L1 adipocytes and blocked macrophage migration toward 3T3-L1 adipocytes in the cocultures of bone-marrow-derived monocytes and 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Furthermore, LYP-S3 promoted the M2 polarization of macrophages in cocultures. These findings suggested that LYP-S3 has a potential function in preventing inflammation and obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, School of Tea and Food Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui 230036, China
| | - Shan Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, School of Tea and Food Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui 230036, China
| | - Daxiang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, School of Tea and Food Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui 230036, China
| | - Zhongwen Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, School of Tea and Food Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui 230036, China
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Nomilin from Yuzu Seed Has In Vitro Antioxidant Activity and Downregulates Melanogenesis in B16F10 Melanoma Cells through the PKA/CREB Signaling Pathway. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11091636. [PMID: 36139710 PMCID: PMC9495840 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11091636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Revised: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Yuzu (Citrus junos) is a citrus plant native to Asian countries, including Korea, Japan, and China. Yuzu peel and seed contain abundant vitamin C, citric acid, and polyphenols. Although the antioxidative and antimelanogenic activities of other citrus fruits and yuzu extract have been reported, the tyrosinase inhibitory activity of the limonoid aglycone contained in yuzu seed extract is unknown. We separated yuzu seeds into the husk, shell, and meal and evaluated antioxidant activity of each. The limonoid glucoside fraction of the husk identified nomilin, a novel tyrosinase inhibitor. We performed tyrosinase inhibitory activity and noncompetitive inhibition assays and docking studies to determine nomilin binding sites. Furthermore, we evaluated the antioxidative mechanism and antimelanogenic activity of nomilin in B16F10 melanoma cells. The concentration of nomilin that did not show toxicity was <100 µg/mL. Nomilin suppressed protein expression of TYR, TRP-1, TRP-2, and microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF) in a concentration-dependent manner. Nomilin significantly reduced the levels of p-CREB and p-PKA at the protein level and decreased the levels of skin-whitening-related factors MITF, tyrosinase, TRP-1, and TRP-2 at the mRNA level in a concentration-dependent manner. Thus, nomilin from yuzu seed husk can be used as a skin-whitening agent in cosmetics.
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Choi MH, Yang SH, Park WK, Shin HJ. Bamboo Lignin Fractions with In Vitro Tyrosinase Inhibition Activity Downregulate Melanogenesis in B16F10 Cells via PKA/CREB Signaling Pathway. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23137462. [PMID: 35806473 PMCID: PMC9267441 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23137462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Revised: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Cosmetic ingredients originating from natural resources have garnered considerable attention, and the demand for whitening ingredients is increasing, particularly in Asian countries. Lignin is a natural phenolic biopolymer significantly effective as a natural sunscreen, as its ultraviolet protection efficacy ranges from 250 to 400 nm. However, using different types of lignin as cosmetic ingredients is difficult owing to the heterogeneity of lignin and the lack of in vitro and in vivo safety and efficacy data. Thus, steam-exploded lignin (SEL) was prepared from bamboo, fractionated via successive organic solvent extraction, and sequentially fractionated using ethyl acetate, methanol, and acetone to investigate its potential as a natural whitening material. Gel permeation chromatography showed that the molecular weight of acetone-soluble and acetone-insoluble SEL fractions were the lowest and the highest, respectively. Monomer structures of the four lignin fractions were elucidated using 1H, 13C, and 2D heteronuclear single quantum coherence nuclear magnetic resonance and pyrolysis gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. The antioxidant and tyrosinase inhibition activities of the four fractions were compared. The methanol-soluble SEL fraction (SEL-F2) showed the highest antioxidant activity (except 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl scavenging activity), and the enzyme inhibition kinetics were confirmed. In this study, the expression pattern of the anti-melanogenic-related proteins by SEL-F2 was confirmed for the first time via the protein kinase A (PKA)/cAMP-response element-binding (CREB) protein signaling pathway in B16F10 melanoma cells. Thus, SEL may serve as a valuable cosmetic whitening ingredient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moon-Hee Choi
- Department of Beauty and Cosmetics, Graduate School of Industrial Technology Startup, Chosun University, 309 Pilmundaero, Gwangju 61452, Korea;
| | - Seung-Hwa Yang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Graduate School of Chosun University, Gwangju 61452, Korea;
| | - Won-Keun Park
- Department of Chemical Energy Engineering, Sangmyong University, Seoul 03016, Korea;
| | - Hyun-Jae Shin
- Department of Beauty and Cosmetics, Graduate School of Industrial Technology Startup, Chosun University, 309 Pilmundaero, Gwangju 61452, Korea;
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Graduate School of Chosun University, Gwangju 61452, Korea;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-62-230-75-18
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Li S, Liu H, Lin Z, Li Z, Chen Y, Chen B, Huang L, Lin X, Yao H. Isoorientin attenuates doxorubicin-induced cardiac injury via the activation of MAPK, Akt, and Caspase-dependent signaling pathways. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 101:154105. [PMID: 35490492 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2022.154105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2021] [Revised: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chemotherapy drugs especially anthracyclines are widely used in the treatment of hematological malignancies and solid tumors. However, their clinical application is limited by dose-dependent and irreversible heart injury, which increases the risk of congestive heart failure and heart-related mortality. PURPOSE This study aims to investigate the effect and mechanism of the natural flavonoid isoorientin (ISO) combined with doxorubicin (DOX) on the proliferation of tumor cells and improve the survival rate of DOX-injured cardiomyocytes. STUDY DESIGN/METHODS Cardiomyocyte H9c2 and a variety of tumor cells were used to evaluate the protective effect of ISO on DOX-induced myocardial injury and enhance the anticancer effects of DOX. DOX chemotherapy-injured mice were used to evaluate the cardioprotective effect of ISO. RESULTS The antiproliferation of DOX on Hela, HepG2, HT-29, and A549 cells could be increased synergistically when cotreated with ISO in vitro. ISO could also improve the survival rate of DOX-injured cardiomyocytes by reducing reactive oxygen species, maintaining mitochondrial function, and inhibiting apoptosis. In mice receiving DOX, a protective effect on myocardial tissue, which was reflected by improved survival state of mice receiving chemotherapy, was observed. The ECG, myocardial zymogram data, HE staining, and TEM observation of myocardial tissue sections showed that ISO had a dose-dependent protective effect on the mouse hearts injured by DOX. Network pharmacology and cardiomyocyte proteomics were used to seek for related target proteins to reveal the protective mechanism of ISO on mouse models, and some potential targets (including caspase-3, EGFR, MAPK1, ESR1, CDC42, STAT1, JAK2, LCK, and CDK2) were generated. Western blotting was further used to verify that ISO upregulated Nrf2 and TGF-β3 by downregulating the phosphorylation levels of JNK and p38 proteins on the MAPK pathway and the Akt and Stat3 expression levels. The downregulation of cleaved caspase-3 and upregulation of Bcl-xl by ISO further confirmed its inhibition on caspase-dependent cardiomyocyte apoptosis. CONCLUSION ISO could be a potential synergistic anticancer agent with a favorable property of reducing the cardiotoxicity for DOX, and the effect mechanism could refer to the inhibition of ISO on MAPK and caspase-dependent apoptosis pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaoguang Li
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350122, China.
| | - Huilin Liu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350122, China
| | - Zhan Lin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350122, China
| | - Zhijun Li
- Center of Chemistry Experiment, School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350122, China
| | - Yan Chen
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350122, China
| | - Bing Chen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350122, China; Fujian Key Laboratory of Drug Target Discovery and Structural and Functional Research, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350122, China
| | - Liying Huang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350122, China
| | - Xinhua Lin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350122, China; Fujian Key Laboratory of Drug Target Discovery and Structural and Functional Research, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350122, China
| | - Hong Yao
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350122, China; Higher Educational Key Laboratory for Nano Biomedical Technology of Fujian Province, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350122, China.
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Kimura I, Kagawa S, Tsuneki H, Tanaka K, Nagashima F. Multitasking bamboo leaf-derived compounds in prevention of infectious, inflammatory, atherosclerotic, metabolic, and neuropsychiatric diseases. Pharmacol Ther 2022; 235:108159. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2022.108159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Revised: 01/30/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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11
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Qiu S, Chen J, Kim JT, Zhou Y, Moon JH, Lee SB, Park HJ, Lee HJ. Suppression of Adipogenesis and Fat Accumulation by Vitexin Through Activation of Hedgehog Signaling in 3T3-L1 Adipocytes. J Med Food 2022; 25:313-323. [PMID: 35320011 DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2021.k.0163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Many studies have demonstrated that adipogenesis is associated with obesity, and the Hedgehog (Hh) signaling pathway regulates adipogenesis and obesity. Following the screening study of the chemical library evaluating the effect of vitexin on Gli1 transcriptional activity, vitexin was chosen as a candidate for antiadipogenic efficacy. Vitexin significantly reduced lipid accumulation and suppressed C/EBPα (CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein α) and PPARγ (peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ) expression, which are known as key adipogenic factors in the early stages of adipogenesis by activating Hh signaling. Furthermore, Hh inhibitor GANT61 reversed the effect of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) activator AICAR (5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribonucleotide), indicating that Hh signaling is an upstream regulator of AMPK in 3T3-L1 cells. Vitexin suppressed adipogenesis by regulating Hh signaling and phosphorylation of AMPK, leading to the inhibition of fat formation. These results suggest that vitexin can be considered a potent dietary agent in alleviating lipid accumulation and obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Qiu
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong, South Korea
| | - Jing Chen
- Institute for Advanced and Applied Chemical Synthesis, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jin Tae Kim
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong, South Korea
| | - Yimeng Zhou
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong, South Korea
| | - Ji Hyun Moon
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong, South Korea
| | - Seung Beom Lee
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong, South Korea
| | - Ho Jin Park
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong, South Korea
| | - Hong Jin Lee
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong, South Korea
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12
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Gire D, Acharya J, Malik S, Inamdar S, Ghaskadbi S. Molecular mechanism of anti-adipogenic effect of vitexin in differentiating hMSCs. Phytother Res 2021; 35:6462-6471. [PMID: 34612537 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.7300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Revised: 08/28/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we evaluated a detailed molecular mechanism of anti-adipogenic activity of vitexin, apigenin flavone glucoside, present in germinated fenugreek seeds, in differentiating human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs). The lipid content of differentiated adipocytes was estimated by ORO staining. Effect on mitotic clonal expansion was checked by cell cycle analysis. Expression of early and terminal adipocyte differentiation markers, anti- and pro-adipogenic transcription factors and signalling intermediates regulating them was evaluated at RNA and protein level. We found vitexin to be non-cytotoxic up to 20 μM at which intracellular lipid accumulation was significantly decreased. Cell cycle analysis suggested that vitexin does not affect mitotic clonal expansion. Expression of early and late differentiation markers, such as CEBPα, CEBPβ, PPARγ, FABP4, perilipin, adiponectin and Glut4 was significantly reduced in the presence of vitexin. Expression of KLF4 and KLF15, positive regulators of PPARγ, was decreased, whereas that of negative regulators, namely KLF2, GATA2, miR20a, miR27a, miR27b, miR128, miR130a, miR130b, miR182 and miR548 increased with vitexin treatment. This effect was mediated by the activation of the AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) pathway via the activation of LepR and additionally by inhibiting ROS. Thus, our results showed that vitexin regulates the expression of PPARγ and inhibits adipogenesis of hMSCs at an early stage of differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dhananjay Gire
- Department of Zoology, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune, India
| | - Jhankar Acharya
- Department of Zoology, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune, India
| | - Sajad Malik
- Department of Zoology, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune, India
| | - Shrirang Inamdar
- Department of Zoology, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune, India
| | - Saroj Ghaskadbi
- Department of Zoology, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune, India
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Isoorientin Attenuated the Pyroptotic Hepatocyte Damage Induced by Benzo[a]pyrene via ROS/NF-κB/NLRP3/Caspase-1 Signaling Pathway. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10081275. [PMID: 34439523 PMCID: PMC8389279 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10081275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Revised: 08/08/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Isoorientin (Iso), a natural bioactive flavonoid, possesses significant anti-tumor and anti-oxidant activities. Benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) is a food processing injurant with carcinogenicity, teratogenicity, and genotoxicity. Our preliminary study demonstrates that Iso attenuated the pyroptotic hepatocyte damage induced by BaP; however, the molecular mechanism remains unknown. The present study showed that Iso reduced the increase caused by BaP in the overflow of LDH, NO, and the electrical conductivity and the protein expressions of GSDMD-N, IL-18, and IL-1β, further showing that Iso could reduced the pyroptotic damage in HL-7702 cells induced by BaP. Caspase-1 inhibitor (Z-VAD-FMK) inhibited the characteristic pyroptosis protein expressions of Caspase-1, GSDMD-N, IL-18, and IL-1β, showing that the classic pyroptosis pathway depending on Caspase-1 was caused by BaP in HL-7702 cells. Consistent with the effects of the NLRP3 inhibitor (MCC950), NF-κB inhibitor (PDTC), ROS, and mtROS inhibitor (NAC and Mito-TEMPO), Iso weakened the stimulatory effects of BaP on the levels of ROS, the nuclear localization of NF-κB, and the activation of NLRP3 inflammasome and the characteristic indices of pyroptosis, demonstrating that Iso could alleviate the BaP-induced pyroptotic hepatocytes injury through inhibiting the ROS/NF-κB/NLRP3/Caspase-1 signaling pathway, which provides a new perspective and strategy to prevent liver injury induced by BaP.
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Liu J, Cao J, Li Y, Guo F. Beneficial Flavonoid in Foods and Anti-obesity Effect. FOOD REVIEWS INTERNATIONAL 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/87559129.2021.1923730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jingwen Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiaoxian Cao
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yiming Li
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Fujiang Guo
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Abdulai IL, Kwofie SK, Gbewonyo WS, Boison D, Puplampu JB, Adinortey MB. Multitargeted Effects of Vitexin and Isovitexin on Diabetes Mellitus and Its Complications. ScientificWorldJournal 2021; 2021:6641128. [PMID: 33935599 PMCID: PMC8055414 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6641128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Till date, there is no known antidote to cure diabetes mellitus despite the discovery and development of diverse pharmacotherapeutic agents many years ago. Technological advancement in natural product chemistry has led to the isolation of analogs of vitexin and isovitexin found in diverse bioresources. These compounds have been extensively studied to explore their pharmacological relevance in diabetes mellitus. Aim of the Study. The present review was to compile results from in vitro and in vivo studies performed with vitexin and isovitexin derivatives relating to diabetes mellitus and its complications. A systematic online literature query was executed to collect all relevant articles published up to March 2020. RESULTS In this piece, we have collected data and presented it in a one-stop document to support the multitargeted mechanistic actions of vitexin and isovitexin in controlling diabetes mellitus and its complications. CONCLUSION Data collected hint that vitexin and isovitexin work by targeting diverse pathophysiological and metabolic pathways and molecular drug points involved in the clinical manifestations of diabetes mellitus. This is expected to provide a deeper understanding of its actions and also serve as a catapult for clinical trials and application research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ibrahim Luru Abdulai
- West African Centre for Cell Biology of Infectious Pathogens, College of Basic and Applied Sciences, University of Ghana, P.O. Box LG 54, Legon, Accra, Ghana
| | - Samuel Kojo Kwofie
- West African Centre for Cell Biology of Infectious Pathogens, College of Basic and Applied Sciences, University of Ghana, P.O. Box LG 54, Legon, Accra, Ghana
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering Sciences, College of Basic and Applied Sciences, University of Ghana, P.O. Box LG77, Legon, Accra, Ghana
| | - Winfred Seth Gbewonyo
- Department of Biochemistry, Cell and Molecular Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Ghana, Legon, Accra, Ghana
| | - Daniel Boison
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Biological Sciences, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana
| | - Joshua Buer Puplampu
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Biological Sciences, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana
| | - Michael Buenor Adinortey
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Biological Sciences, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana
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Choi MH, Lee MY, Yang SH, Shin HJ, Jeon YJ. Hydrophobic Fractions of Triticum aestivum L. Extracts Contain Polyphenols and Alleviate Inflammation by Regulating Nuclear Factor-kappa B. BIOTECHNOL BIOPROC E 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s12257-020-0352-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Sung YY, Son E, Im G, Kim DS. Herbal Combination of Phyllostachys pubescens and Scutellaria baicalensis Inhibits Adipogenesis and Promotes Browning via AMPK Activation in 3T3-L1 Adipocytes. PLANTS 2020; 9:plants9111422. [PMID: 33114092 PMCID: PMC7690821 DOI: 10.3390/plants9111422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2020] [Revised: 10/08/2020] [Accepted: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
To investigate the anti-obesity effects and underlying mechanism of BS21, a combination of Phyllostachys pubescens leaves and Scutellaria baicalensis roots was used to investigate the effects of BS21 on adipogenesis, lipogenesis, and browning in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. The expression of adipocyte-specific genes was observed via Western blot, and the BS21 chemical profile was analyzed using ultra-performance liquid chromatography (UPLC). BS21 treatment inhibited adipocyte differentiation and reduced the expression of the adipogenic proteins peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPAR-γ), CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein (C/EBP-α), and adipocyte protein 2 (aP2), as well as the lipogenic proteins sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1c (SREBP-1c) and fatty-acid synthase (FAS). BS21 enhanced protein levels of the beta-oxidation genes carnitine palmitoyltransferase (CPT1) and phospho-acetyl-coA carboxylase (p-ACC). BS21 also induced protein expressions of the browning marker genes PR domain containing 16 (PRDM16), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma co-activator 1-alpha (PGC1α), and uncoupling protein (UCP) 1, and it induced the expression of the thermogenic gene UCP2. Furthermore, BS21 increased adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) activation. UPLC analysis showed that BS21 contains active constituents such as chlorogenic acid, orientin, isoorientin, baicalin, wogonoside, baicalein, tricin, wogonin, and chrysin. Our findings demonstrate that BS21 plays a modulatory role in adipocytes by reducing adipogenesis and lipogenesis, increasing fat oxidation, and inducing browning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoon-Young Sung
- Herbal Medicine Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, 1672 Yuseong-daero, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34054, Korea; (Y.-Y.S.); (E.S.)
| | - Eunjung Son
- Herbal Medicine Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, 1672 Yuseong-daero, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34054, Korea; (Y.-Y.S.); (E.S.)
| | - Gayoung Im
- Nova K Med Co., Ltd., 1646 Yuseong-daero, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34054, Korea;
| | - Dong-Seon Kim
- Herbal Medicine Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, 1672 Yuseong-daero, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34054, Korea; (Y.-Y.S.); (E.S.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-42-868-9639
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Hegazi NM, Radwan RA, Bakry SM, Saad HH. Molecular networking aided metabolomic profiling of beet leaves using three extraction solvents and in relation to its anti-obesity effects. J Adv Res 2020; 24:545-555. [PMID: 32637174 PMCID: PMC7327829 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2020.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Accepted: 06/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
In the present study, the efficiency of three different solvents (H2O, acidified H2O, and 70% Methanol) for metabolites extraction from the leaves of sugar beet (Beta vulgaris subsp. vulgaris var. rubra) was investigated along with their inhibitory activity on pancreatic α-amylase and lipase for obesity management. The metabolic profile of the three extracts was analyzed by ultra-performance liquid chromatography (UPLC) coupled with electrospray ionization high-resolution mass spectrometric (ESI-HRMS-MS). Mass spectrometry-based molecular networking was employed to aid in metabolites annotation and for the visual investigation of the known metabolites and their analogues. The study led to the tentative identification of 45 metabolites including amino acids, purine derivatives, phenolic acids, flavonoids, fatty acids, and an alkaloid, articulating 24 compounds as a first time report from beet leaves along with 2 new putatively identified compounds: a flavone feruloyl conjugate (39) and a malonylated acacetin diglycoside (40). The three extracting systems exhibited comparable efficiency for pulling out the secondary metabolites from the beet leaves. The in vitro study supported this finding and demonstrated that the three extracts inhibited the activity of both pancreatic α-amylase and lipase enzymes with no significant difference observed regarding the percentage of the inhibition of the enzymes. Conclusively, the extraction protocol has a minimal effect on the anti-obesity properties of beet leaves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nesrine M. Hegazi
- Phytochemistry and Plant Systematics Department, Division of Pharmaceutical Industries, National Research Centre, PO Box 12622, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Rasha A. Radwan
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Sinai University-Kantara Branch, El Ismailia, 41611, Egypt
| | - Sherein M. Bakry
- Phytochemistry and Plant Systematics Department, Division of Pharmaceutical Industries, National Research Centre, PO Box 12622, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Hamada H. Saad
- Phytochemistry and Plant Systematics Department, Division of Pharmaceutical Industries, National Research Centre, PO Box 12622, Cairo, Egypt
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Pharmaceutical Institute, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, PO Box 72074, Tübingen, Germany
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20
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Chen J, Kou T, Fan Y, Niu Y. Antioxidant activity and stability of the flavonoids from Lycium barbarum leaves during gastrointestinal digestion in vitro. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FOOD ENGINEERING 2020. [DOI: 10.1515/ijfe-2019-0315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
AbstractIn this study, stability including the total flavonoids content (TFC) and main monomers composition and antioxidant activity of the flavonoids extract (LBLF) from Lycium barbarum leaves were investigated in the process of simulated oral and gastrointestinal digestion in vitro. During digested through the simulated oral fluid (SOF), gastric fluid (SGF), and intestinal fluid (SIF) in order, TFC of LBLF in the lyophilized digestive fluid samples were determined at different time points. It was shown that compared with the initial TFC of 811.72 ± 0.72 mg RE/g DW, the total flavonoids did not change significantly during oral digestion, while definitely increased at gastric digestion stage (p < 0.05) where the pH value is the lowest in the digestive system, indicating that the release of flavonoids from LBLF was promoted by pepsin, trypsase, and bile, however decreased during intestinal digestion probably due to the instability of LBLF in weak alkali media. Moreover, the antioxidant capacity and bioaccessibility of LBLF were significantly improved by SGF and SIF digestion (p < 0.05). The scavenging effect of the fluid sample after gastric digestion on free radicals followed as O2−· > ABTS+· > DPPH > ·OH > FRAP, while the clearance effect of intestinal digestion sample expressed as ABTS+· > O2−· > DPPH > FRAP > ·OH. High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) results suggested that chlorogenic acid and rutin in LBLF had low stability during the gastrointestinal digestion in vitro. Our study suggests that LBLF may show the instability in the contents of total flavonoids and some main monomers, but an enhancement in the antioxidant activity during gastrointestinal digestion, providing a reference for the stability improvement of LBLF in the next step.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinghua Chen
- School of Agriculture, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, 750021, PR China
- Ningxia Key Laboratory for Food Microbial-Applications Technology and Safety Control, Yinchuan, Ningxia, 750021, PR China
| | - Tingting Kou
- School of Agriculture, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, 750021, PR China
- Ningxia Key Laboratory for Food Microbial-Applications Technology and Safety Control, Yinchuan, Ningxia, 750021, PR China
| | - Yanli Fan
- School of Agriculture, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, 750021, PR China
- Ningxia Key Laboratory for Food Microbial-Applications Technology and Safety Control, Yinchuan, Ningxia, 750021, PR China
| | - Yinhong Niu
- School of Agriculture, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, 750021, PR China
- Ningxia Key Laboratory for Food Microbial-Applications Technology and Safety Control, Yinchuan, Ningxia, 750021, PR China
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Ziqubu K, Dludla PV, Joubert E, Muller CJF, Louw J, Tiano L, Nkambule BB, Kappo AP, Mazibuko-Mbeje SE. Isoorientin: A dietary flavone with the potential to ameliorate diverse metabolic complications. Pharmacol Res 2020; 158:104867. [PMID: 32407953 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2020.104867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2020] [Revised: 04/24/2020] [Accepted: 04/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Isoorientin is a natural C-glucosyl flavone that is generating a lot of interest due to its multiple pharmacological activities. Increasing experimental data have shown that the robust antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties of isoorientin remain important in ameliorating a number of metabolic complications. In fact, plants rich in isoorientin have demonstrated strong ameliorative properties against complications such as hyperglycemia, hyperlipidemia, and insulin resistance. However, while such evidence is accumulating, it has not been reviewed to better inform on the therapeutic potential of this flavone in improving human health. This review examines and extrapolates available literature on the potential beneficial or detrimental effects associated with the use of isoorientin in mitigating metabolic diseases, with a specific focus on diabetes, obesity, and insulin resistance, including associated complications. The discussion includes effective doses in various experimental settings and proposed molecular mechanisms by which isoorientin may exert its therapeutic effects. In addition, the protective effects of extracts of a number of isoorientin-rich plants against metabolic complications will be highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khanyisani Ziqubu
- Biomedical Research and Innovation Platform, South African Medical Research Council, Tygerberg 7505, South Africa; Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Zululand, KwaDlangezwa 3886, South Africa
| | - Phiwayinkosi V Dludla
- Biomedical Research and Innovation Platform, South African Medical Research Council, Tygerberg 7505, South Africa; Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona 60131, Italy
| | - Elizabeth Joubert
- Plant Bioactives Group, Post-Harvest and Agro-Processing Technologies, Agricultural Research Council, Infruitec-Nietvoorbij, Stellenbosch 7599, South Africa; Department of Food Science, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch 7599, South Africa
| | - Christo J F Muller
- Biomedical Research and Innovation Platform, South African Medical Research Council, Tygerberg 7505, South Africa; Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Zululand, KwaDlangezwa 3886, South Africa; Division of Medical Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Tygerberg 7505, South Africa
| | - Johan Louw
- Biomedical Research and Innovation Platform, South African Medical Research Council, Tygerberg 7505, South Africa; Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Zululand, KwaDlangezwa 3886, South Africa
| | - Luca Tiano
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona 60131, Italy
| | - Bongani B Nkambule
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4000, South Africa
| | - Abidemi P Kappo
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Zululand, KwaDlangezwa 3886, South Africa; Department of Biochemistry, University of Johannesburg, Kingsway Campus, Auckland Park 2006, South Africa
| | - Sithandiwe E Mazibuko-Mbeje
- Biomedical Research and Innovation Platform, South African Medical Research Council, Tygerberg 7505, South Africa; Division of Medical Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Tygerberg 7505, South Africa; Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, North West University, Mafikeng Campus, Private Bag X 2046, Mmabatho 2735, South Africa.
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Khan I, Dey DK, Lee JH, Kang SC. Bamboo leave extract ameliorated 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA) induced ear inflammation by reducing MAP kinase levels and NF-κB activation in mice model. Nat Prod Res 2020; 35:5299-5303. [PMID: 32290690 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2020.1753053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Sasa coreana Nakai (SCN) is a medicinal plant commonly used against inflammation. However, the underlined mechanisms against skin inflammation is poorly understood. The present study investigated the effects of SCN leave extract on ear inflammation. To this aim, six-week-old male ICR mice was subjected to 12-O-tetradecanoyl-phorbol-13-acetate induce ear edema, which were then topically treated with the leave extract of SCN. Ear thickness, weight, and morphological changes were recorded to ensure the induction of ear edema. Further, histological analysis and protein expression for inflammatory markers were also recorded to validate the study. Topical treatment with SCN repressed TPA-induced ear edema in a dose-dependent manner. Further, SCN treatment significantly antagonized the protein expression of MAP kinase signaling pathway and reduced the effect of TPA-induced NF-κB activation, sequentially, deactivated its transcriptional targets in a dose-dependent manner. Collectively, the study suggested that SCN could be a useful therapeutic agent against skin inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imran Khan
- Department of Biotechnology, Daegu University, Gyeongsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Debasish Kumar Dey
- Department of Biotechnology, Daegu University, Gyeongsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Jai-Heon Lee
- Department of Genetic Engineering, Dong-A University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun Chul Kang
- Department of Biotechnology, Daegu University, Gyeongsan, Republic of Korea
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Absorption, metabolism, and bioactivity of vitexin: recent advances in understanding the efficacy of an important nutraceutical. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2020; 61:1049-1064. [PMID: 32292045 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2020.1753165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
vitexin, an apigenin-8-C-glucoside, is widely present in numerous edible and medicinal plants. vitexin possesses a variety of bioactive properties, including antioxidation, anti-inflammation, anti-cancer, neuron-protection, and cardio-protection. Other beneficial health effects, such as fat reduction, glucose metabolism, and hepatoprotection, have also been reported in recent studies. This review briefly discusses the absorption and metabolism of vitexin, as well as its influence on gut microbiota. Recent advances in understanding the pharmacological and biological effects of vitexin are then reviewed. Improved knowledge of the absorption, metabolism, bioactivity, and molecular targets of vitexin is crucial for the better utilization of this emerging nutraceutical as a chemopreventive and chemotherapeutic agent.
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Guo H, Chen Y, Song N, Yang X, Yao S, Qian J. Screening of lipase inhibitors from bamboo leaves based on the magnetic ligand fishing combined with HPLC/MS. Microchem J 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2019.104497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
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25
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Li C, Cai C, Zheng X, Sun J, Ye L. Orientin suppresses oxidized low-density lipoproteins induced inflammation and oxidative stress of macrophages in atherosclerosis. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2019; 84:774-779. [PMID: 31829093 DOI: 10.1080/09168451.2019.1702871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is a main reason for peripheral vascular disease. The present study aims to investigate the effects of macrophage foam cells which is an initial part in atherosclerosis. RAW 264.7 were treated with 80 μg/mL oxidized low-density lipoproteins (ox-LDL) to mimic atherosclerosis in vitro. Orientin, a flavonoid from plants, inhibited ox-LDL induced TNFα, IL-6, IL-1β expression increase. In addition, Orientin also can inhibit the emergence of ox-LDL-induced lipid droplets. The scavenger receptor CD 36 of ox-LDL was significantly downregulated after the treatment of orientin. Inhibition of ROS generation and increasing of eNOS expression by Orientin treatment was used to show the alteration of oxidative stress. Moreover, the expression levels of Angiopoietin-like 2 (angptl2) and NF-κB were significantly upregulated after cells induced by ox-LDL, whereas orientin significantly reversed the effects of ox-LDL. Orientin inhibited ox-LDL-induced inflammation and oxidative stress, and CD36 may be the key regulator during Orientin action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunmeng Li
- Department of Vascular surgery, Wenzhou Central Hospital, Wenzhou, China
| | - Chanchun Cai
- Department of interventional medicine, Wenzhou Central Hospital, Wenzhou, China
| | - Xiangjian Zheng
- Department of Vascular surgery, Wenzhou Central Hospital, Wenzhou, China
| | - Jun Sun
- Cerebrovascular center of Wenzhou Central Hospital, Wenzhou Central Hospital, Wenzhou, China
| | - Liou Ye
- Department of interventional medicine, Wenzhou Central Hospital, Wenzhou, China
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Phenolics and antioxidant activity of bamboo leaves soup as affected by in vitro digestion. Food Chem Toxicol 2019; 135:110941. [PMID: 31697970 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2019.110941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2019] [Revised: 10/30/2019] [Accepted: 11/01/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Bamboo leaves soups were subjected to in vitro digestion (including separated oral, gastric and small intestinal digestions, and complete digestion containing above three stages), and their phenolics and antioxidant activities were determined. Compared to control groups, total phenolic content (TPC) in treated groups (including undigested and digested groups) increased at gastric digestion stage but decreased at other digestion stages, and the decrease in small intestinal digestion stage (19.97%) was nearly the same with that in complete digestion stage (19.39%). The antioxidant activity in digested groups almost changed accordingly to their TPC but with no significant difference (p > 0.05) as compared with undigested groups; similar results were found in four main individual phenolics including cryptochlorogenic acid, chlorogenic acid, neochlorogenic acid and isoorientin, and their contents were negatively correlated to the pH value of digestion buffers (-0.68 < r < -0.80, p < 0.01). These results indicated that the change of phenolic content and antioxidant activity in digested bamboo leaves soups mainly resulted from the pH of digestion buffers rather than digestive enzymes. In addition, the decrease of phenolics may mainly occur at small intestinal digestion stage where the pH value is the highest in the digestive system.
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Shen M, Xie Z, Jia M, Li A, Han H, Wang T, Zhang L. Effect of Bamboo Leaf Extract on Antioxidant Status and Cholesterol Metabolism in Broiler Chickens. Animals (Basel) 2019; 9:ani9090699. [PMID: 31540467 PMCID: PMC6770790 DOI: 10.3390/ani9090699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2019] [Revised: 09/04/2019] [Accepted: 09/16/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Cholesterol is an important lipid substance in organisms. As the precursor of bile acid, steroid hormones and vitamin D3, cholesterol plays important roles in lipid metabolism. Chicken is among the most consumed meat products worldwide; however, its cholesterol level is higher than that of other meat products. High cholesterol in a human diet will increase the risk of atherosclerosis. In addition, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol is susceptible to be oxidized, which will cause the death of broilers. Therefore, it is of great significance to enhance the antioxidant capacity and improve cholesterol metabolism in broiler chickens. Bamboo leaf extract (BLE) contains active ingredients such as flavonoids, polyphenols, and active polysaccharides, which possess anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and lipid-lowering effects. Our results show that supplementation of BLE in the basal diet improved growth and slaughter performance, antioxidant status and cholesterol metabolism in broilers. Therefore, the application of BLE as a feed additive has a certain economic value. Abstract The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of dietary bamboo leaf extract (BLE) on antioxidant status and cholesterol metabolism in broilers. One-day-old male Arbor Acres (576) broilers were randomly divided into six groups. A control group was fed a basal diet, while five experimental groups were supplemented with 1.0, 2.0, 3.0, 4.0, and 5.0g BLE per kg feed in their basal diets. The result indicated that BLE supplementation linearly improved eviscerated yield and decreased abdominal fat (p < 0.05). A significant decrease of serum triglyceride (TG) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-c) content was observed with BLE supplementation (p < 0.05). BLE supplementation linearly improved the total antioxidant capacity and catalase activity in both serum and liver (p < 0.05). Glutathione peroxidase was quadratically increased in serum and linearly increased in the liver with BLE supplementation (p < 0.05). The malonaldehyde content in liver showed a linear and quadratic decrease with BLE supplementation (p < 0.05). BLE supplementation up-regulated the mRNA expression of cholesterol 7- alpha hydroxylase and low-density lipoprotein receptor and downregulated 3-hydroxy3-methyl glutamates coenzyme A reductase mRNA expression in the liver. The antioxidant enzyme mRNA expressions were all up-regulated by BLE supplementation in the liver. In conclusion, supplemental BLE improved antioxidant status and cholesterol metabolism in broilers, which eventually led to a decrease of serum TG, LDL-c content, and abdominal fat deposition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingming Shen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, No. 6, Tongwei Road, Xuanwu District, Nanjing 210095, China.
| | - Zechen Xie
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, No. 6, Tongwei Road, Xuanwu District, Nanjing 210095, China.
| | - Minghui Jia
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, No. 6, Tongwei Road, Xuanwu District, Nanjing 210095, China.
| | - Anqi Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, No. 6, Tongwei Road, Xuanwu District, Nanjing 210095, China.
| | - Hongli Han
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, No. 6, Tongwei Road, Xuanwu District, Nanjing 210095, China.
| | - Tian Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, No. 6, Tongwei Road, Xuanwu District, Nanjing 210095, China.
| | - Lili Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, No. 6, Tongwei Road, Xuanwu District, Nanjing 210095, China.
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Plant Extracts and Reactive Oxygen Species as Two Counteracting Agents with Anti- and Pro-Obesity Properties. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20184556. [PMID: 31540021 PMCID: PMC6770307 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20184556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2019] [Revised: 09/12/2019] [Accepted: 09/13/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a complex disease of great public health significance worldwide: It entails several complications including diabetes mellitus type 2, cardiovascular dysfunction and hypertension, and its prevalence is increasing around the world. The pathogenesis of obesity is closely related to reactive oxygen species. The role of reactive oxygen species as regulatory factors in mitochondrial activity in obese subjects, molecules taking part in inflammation processes linked to excessive size and number of adipocytes, and as agents governing the energy balance in hypothalamus neurons has been examined. Phytotherapy is the traditional form of treating health problems using plant-derived medications. Some plant extracts are known to act as anti-obesity agents and have been screened in in vitro models based on the inhibition of lipid accumulation in 3T3-L1 cells and activity of pancreatic lipase methods and in in vivo high-fat diet-induced obesity rat/mouse models and human models. Plant products may be a good natural alternative for weight management and a source of numerous biologically-active chemicals, including antioxidant polyphenols that can counteract the oxidative stress associated with obesity. This review presents polyphenols as natural complementary therapy, and a good nutritional strategy, for treating obesity without serious side effects.
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29
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Yu Y, Li Z, Cao G, Huang S, Yang H. Bamboo Leaf Flavonoids Extracts Alleviate Oxidative Stress in HepG2 Cells via Naturally Modulating Reactive Oxygen Species Production and Nrf2-Mediated Antioxidant Defense Responses. J Food Sci 2019; 84:1609-1620. [PMID: 31116430 DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.14609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2018] [Revised: 02/28/2019] [Accepted: 03/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
In this study, bamboo leaf flavonoids extracts (BFE) were employed to alleviate oxidative stress induced by oleic acid in HepG2 cells. Biochemical indexes, intracellular reactive oxygen species production, lipid droplets accumulation, antioxidant enzymes production, and mitochondrial membrane potential were determined to show the alleviation performance of BFE intervention (P < 0.05). Importantly, the results of qRT-PCR and western blot determination indicated that BFE intervention upregulated the expression of Nrf2/HO-1/NQO1 to initiate the antioxidant defense response for counteracting oxidative stress (P < 0.05). Moreover, mitochondrial membrane potential-mediated apoptosis and FOXO signaling pathway initiation caused by BFE intervention may together contribute to oxidative stress alleviation in HepG2 cells. In conclusion, these findings suggested that BFE intervention upregulated related antioxidant defense responses for preventing cells from oxidative damage. PRACTICAL APPLICATION: In this study, bamboo leaf flavonoids extracts intervention upregulated related antioxidant defense responses for preventing cells from oxidative damage. These findings in bamboo leaf extracts antioxidants are a promising and innovative subject with practical applications to enhance the development of bamboo leaf extracts functional products in the food industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Yu
- Huzhou Vocational and Technical College, Huzhou, 313000, PR China.,Dept. of Food Science, China Jiliang Univ., Hangzhou, 310018, PR China
| | - Zhanming Li
- Dept. of Food Science, China Jiliang Univ., Hangzhou, 310018, PR China.,Food Science and Technology Programme, Dept. of Chemistry, National Univ. of Singapore, Singapore, 117543, Singapore
| | - Guangtian Cao
- Dept. of Food Science, China Jiliang Univ., Hangzhou, 310018, PR China
| | - Shudan Huang
- Dept. of Food Science, China Jiliang Univ., Hangzhou, 310018, PR China
| | - Hongshun Yang
- Food Science and Technology Programme, Dept. of Chemistry, National Univ. of Singapore, Singapore, 117543, Singapore
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30
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Song J, Chen X, Lyu Y, Zhuang W, Zhang J, Gao L, Tong X. Sanhuang Xiexin decoction promotes good functional outcome in acute ischemic stroke. Brain Behav 2019; 9:e01185. [PMID: 30569662 PMCID: PMC6346639 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.1185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2018] [Revised: 11/19/2018] [Accepted: 11/25/2018] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To explore the efficiency and safety of Sanhuang Xiexin decoction in the treatment of acute ischemic stroke (AIS) patients after endovascular intervention examination. METHODS In this prospective observational study, 121 AIS patients admitted in our hospital were enrolled from January 2012 to December 2015. They were randomly divided into two groups, 61 patients received Sanhuang Xiexin decoction + basic treatment (SX group) and 60 patients received basic treatment (control group). The prescription of Sanhuang Xiexin decoction was taken in the SX group, with one dose (100 ml), twice a day for 7 days orally. For all patients, blood samples were drawn on the first morning and sixth morning after endovascular intervention examination under fasting state for Fib (fibrinogen), PAgT (platelet aggregation test), CRP (C-reactive protein), and TMAO (trimethylamine oxide) tested. Estimate the changes in plasma Fib, PAgT, CRP, and TMAO levels and the syndrome of fire-heat scores. RESULTS The plasma Fib, PAgT, CRP, and TMAO levels in the SX group were significantly lower than those in the control group (PFib < 0.01, PPAgT < 0.01, PCRP = 0.02, PTMAO < 0.01). The syndrome of fire-heat scores in the SX group was significantly lower than that in the control group (p < 0.01). The incidences of ischemic cerebrovascular events within 3 and 6 months after endovascular intervention treatment in the SX group were lower than those in the control group (P3 month = 0.04, P6month = 0.03). CONCLUSIONS The prescription of Sanhuang Xiexin is efficient and safe in the treatment of AIS patients after endovascular intervention examination through reducing the inflammatory factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juexian Song
- Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xin Chen
- Department of Geriatrics, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi Lyu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Yunnan Baoshan Anli Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Zhuang
- Department of Pharmacy, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Li Gao
- Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaolin Tong
- Department of Endocrinology, Guang'anmen Hospital of China, Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
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31
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Peng Y, Sun Q, Xu W, He Y, Jin W, Yuan L, Gao R. Vitexin ameliorates high fat diet-induced obesity in male C57BL/6J mice via the AMPKα-mediated pathway. Food Funct 2019; 10:1940-1947. [DOI: 10.1039/c9fo00148d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Vitexin, a bioactive compound isolated from hawthorn leaf extracts, can prevent HFD-induced obesity/adipogenesis via the AMPKα mediated pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Peng
- School of Food and Biological Engineering
- Jiangsu University
- Zhenjiang
- China
| | - Quancai Sun
- School of Food and Biological Engineering
- Jiangsu University
- Zhenjiang
- China
| | - Weidong Xu
- School of Pharmacy
- Jiangsu University
- Zhenjiang
- China
| | - Yuanqing He
- School of Food and Biological Engineering
- Jiangsu University
- Zhenjiang
- China
| | - Wengang Jin
- Bio-resources Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province
- School of Biological Science and Engineering
- Shaanxi University of Technology
- Hanzhong
- China
| | - Li Yuan
- School of Food and Biological Engineering
- Jiangsu University
- Zhenjiang
- China
| | - Ruichang Gao
- School of Food and Biological Engineering
- Jiangsu University
- Zhenjiang
- China
- Bio-resources Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province
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32
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Qi XY, Qu SL, Xiong WH, Rom O, Chang L, Jiang ZS. Perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT) in atherosclerosis: a double-edged sword. Cardiovasc Diabetol 2018; 17:134. [PMID: 30305178 PMCID: PMC6180425 DOI: 10.1186/s12933-018-0777-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2018] [Accepted: 10/06/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT), the adipose tissue that surrounds most of the vasculature, has emerged as an active component of the blood vessel wall regulating vascular homeostasis and affecting the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. Although PVAT characteristics resemble both brown and white adipose tissues, recent evidence suggests that PVAT develops from its own distinct precursors implying a closer link between PVAT and vascular system. Under physiological conditions, PVAT has potent anti-atherogenic properties mediated by its ability to secrete various biologically active factors that induce non-shivering thermogenesis and metabolize fatty acids. In contrast, under pathological conditions (mainly obesity), PVAT becomes dysfunctional, loses its thermogenic capacity and secretes pro-inflammatory adipokines that induce endothelial dysfunction and infiltration of inflammatory cells, promoting atherosclerosis development. Since PVAT plays crucial roles in regulating key steps of atherosclerosis development, it may constitute a novel therapeutic target for the prevention and treatment of atherosclerosis. Here, we review the current literature regarding the roles of PVAT in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Yan Qi
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Lab for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001 China
| | - Shun-Lin Qu
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Lab for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001 China
| | - Wen-Hao Xiong
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Lab for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001 China
| | - Oren Rom
- Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI USA
| | - Lin Chang
- Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI USA
| | - Zhi-Sheng Jiang
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Lab for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001 China
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33
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Lee SA, Moon SM, Han SH, Hwang EJ, Hong JH, Park BR, Choi MS, Ahn H, Kim JS, Kim HJ, Chun HS, Kim DK, Kim CS. In Vivo and In Vitro Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Aqueous Extract of Anthriscus sylvestris Leaves. J Med Food 2018; 21:585-595. [DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2017.4089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Seul Ah Lee
- Department of Oral Biochemistry, College of Dentistry, Chosun University, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Sung-Min Moon
- Department of Oral Biology Research Institute, College of Dentistry, Chosun University, Gwangju, Korea
- CStech Research Institute, Gwangju, Korea
| | | | - Eun Ju Hwang
- Department of Oral Biochemistry, College of Dentistry, Chosun University, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Joon Ho Hong
- Nano Bio Research Center, Jeonnam Bioindustry Foundation, Jang Seong, Jeollanam-do, Korea
| | - Bo-Ram Park
- Department of Dental Hygiene, Chodang University, Muan, Muan-eup, Korea
| | - Mi Suk Choi
- Department of Dental Hygiene, Chodang University, Muan, Muan-eup, Korea
| | - Hoon Ahn
- Department of Dental Hygiene, Chodang University, Muan, Muan-eup, Korea
| | - Jae-Sung Kim
- Department of Oral Biology Research Institute, College of Dentistry, Chosun University, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Heung-Joong Kim
- Department of Oral Biology Research Institute, College of Dentistry, Chosun University, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Hong Sung Chun
- Department of Biomedical Science, Chosun University, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Do Kyung Kim
- Department of Oral Biology Research Institute, College of Dentistry, Chosun University, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Chun Sung Kim
- Department of Oral Biochemistry, College of Dentistry, Chosun University, Gwangju, Korea
- Department of Oral Biology Research Institute, College of Dentistry, Chosun University, Gwangju, Korea
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34
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Choi MH, Jo HG, Yang JH, Ki SH, Shin HJ. Antioxidative and Anti-Melanogenic Activities of Bamboo Stems (Phyllostachys nigra variety henosis) via PKA/CREB-Mediated MITF Downregulation in B16F10 Melanoma Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19020409. [PMID: 29385729 PMCID: PMC5855631 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19020409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2018] [Revised: 01/24/2018] [Accepted: 01/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Phyllostachys nigra var. henosis, a domestic bamboo species, has been attracting much attention; its bioactive compounds (especially in the leaf) show antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-obesity activities. Little information is available on the antioxidative and anti-melanogenetic activities of the bioactive compounds in bamboo stems. The anti-melanogenic and antioxidative activities of the EtOAc fraction (PN3) of a P. nigra stem extract were investigated in a cell-free system and in B16F10 melanoma cells. PN3 consisted of a mixture of flavonoids, such as catechin, chlorogenic acid, caffeic acid, and p-coumaric acid. The antioxidant activity (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), 2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS)), and hydroxyl radical scavenging) was evaluated, as well as the inhibition of reactive oxygen species (ROS) produced by the Fenton reaction. PN3 showed in vitro tyrosinase inhibition activity with the half maximal inbihitory concentration (IC50) values of 240 μg/mL, and in vivo cytotoxic concentration ranges > 100 μg/mL. The protein expression levels and mRNA transcription levels of TYR, TRP-1, and MITF were decreased in a dose-dependent manner by the treatment with PN3. PN3 interfered with the phosphorylation of intracellular protein kinase A (PKA)/cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB), demonstrating potent anti-melanogenic effects. PN3 could inhibit PKA/CREB and the subsequent degradation of microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF), resulting in the suppression of melanogenic enzymes and melanin production, probably because of the presence of flavonoid compounds. These properties make it a candidate as an additive to whitening cosmetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moon-Hee Choi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Graduate School of Chosun University, Gwangju 61452, Korea.
| | - Han-Gyo Jo
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Graduate School of Chosun University, Gwangju 61452, Korea.
| | - Ji Hye Yang
- College of Pharmacy, Chosun University, Gwangju 61452, Korea.
| | - Sung Hwan Ki
- College of Pharmacy, Chosun University, Gwangju 61452, Korea.
| | - Hyun-Jae Shin
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Graduate School of Chosun University, Gwangju 61452, Korea.
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35
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Guo X, Zhang T, Shi L, Gong M, Jin J, Zhang Y, Liu R, Chang M, Jin Q, Wang X. The relationship between lipid phytochemicals, obesity and its related chronic diseases. Food Funct 2018; 9:6048-6062. [DOI: 10.1039/c8fo01026a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
This review focuses on phytochemicals in oils, and summarizes the mechanisms of the anti-obesity effects of these compounds in in vitro studies, animal models, and human trials.
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