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Hamdi A, Daoudi W, Aaddouz M, Azzouzi M, Amhamdi H, Elyoussfi A, Aatiaoui AE, Verma DK, Abboud M, Ahari M. Various synthesis and biological evaluation of some tri -tetra-substituted imidazoles derivatives: A review. Heliyon 2024; 10:e31253. [PMID: 38803909 PMCID: PMC11128531 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e31253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Revised: 04/20/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
The imidazole nucleus represents a significant group of heterocyclic molecules with diverse significance in the modern world due to its exploration potential and various pharmacological applications. The relevance of imidazole and its derivatives has gained popularity in recent years, especially in the production of commercial drugs and the treatment of various conditions. The imidazole nucleus is present in many natural compounds and widely distributed in essential amino acids, such as l-histidine, whose derivatives exhibit powerful pharmacological properties. In this review, we delve into the historical timeline and development of synthetic pathways for tri- and tetra-substituted imidazoles used in the renowned Radziszewski reaction. Furthermore, we explore various bacteriological applications documented in the literature, as well as current advances in preclinical approaches to imidazole-based drug discovery. Tri- or tetra-substituted imidazole derivatives show strong potential for new synthesis methods, such as reflux or microwave, as well as various biological activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdeljalil Hamdi
- Applied Chemistry Research Unit, FSTH, Abdelmalek Essaâdi University, AL Hoceima, Tetouan, Morocco
| | - Walid Daoudi
- Laboratory of Molecular Chemistry, Materials and Environment (LCM2E), Departement of Chemistry, Multidisciplinary Faculty of Nador, University Mohamed I, 60700 Nador, Morocco
| | - Mohamed Aaddouz
- Laboratoire de chimie analytique appliquée, matériaux et environnement (LC2AME), Faculté des Sciences, B.P. 717, 60000 Oujda, Morocco
| | - Mohamed Azzouzi
- Laboratory of Molecular Chemistry, Materials and Environment (LCM2E), Departement of Chemistry, Multidisciplinary Faculty of Nador, University Mohamed I, 60700 Nador, Morocco
| | - Hassan Amhamdi
- Applied Chemistry Research Unit, FSTH, Abdelmalek Essaâdi University, AL Hoceima, Tetouan, Morocco
| | - Abdellah Elyoussfi
- Laboratoire de chimie analytique appliquée, matériaux et environnement (LC2AME), Faculté des Sciences, B.P. 717, 60000 Oujda, Morocco
| | - Abdelmalik El Aatiaoui
- Laboratory of Molecular Chemistry, Materials and Environment (LCM2E), Departement of Chemistry, Multidisciplinary Faculty of Nador, University Mohamed I, 60700 Nador, Morocco
| | - Dakeshwar Kumar Verma
- Department of Chemistry, Government Digvijay Autonomous Postgraduate College, Rajnandgaon, Chhattisgarh-491441, India
| | - Mohamed Abboud
- Catalysis Research Group (CRG), Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Khalid University, Abha 61413, Saudi Arabia
| | - M'hamed Ahari
- Applied Chemistry Research Unit, FSTH, Abdelmalek Essaâdi University, AL Hoceima, Tetouan, Morocco
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2
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Cheng B, Shi Y, Shao C, Wang S, Su Z, Liu J, Zhou Y, Fei X, Pan W, Chen J, Lu Y, Xiao J. Discovery of Novel Heterotricyclic Compounds as DNA-Dependent Protein Kinase (DNA-PK) Inhibitors with Enhanced Chemosensitivity, Oral Bioavailability, and the Ability to Potentiate Cancer Immunotherapy. J Med Chem 2024; 67:6253-6267. [PMID: 38587857 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.3c02231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
In this work, a novel series of heterotricyclic DNA-PK inhibitors were rationally designed, synthesized, and assessed for their biological activity. In the DNA-PK biochemical assay, most compounds displayed potent enzymatic activity, with IC50 values between 0.11 and 71.5 nM. Among them, SK10 exhibited the most potent DNA-PK-inhibitory activity (IC50 = 0.11 nM). Studies of the mechanism of action indicated that SK10 could lower γH2A.X expression levels and demonstrate optimal synergistic antiproliferative activity against Jurkat cells (IC50 = 25 nM) when combined with doxorubicin. Importantly, in CT26 and B16-F10 tumor-bearing mouse models, the combination therapies of SK10 with chemotherapeutic drug doxorubicin, a PD-L1 antibody, and SWS1 (a potent PD-L1 small-molecule inhibitor) demonstrated superior synergistic anticancer and potential immunomodulatory effects. Furthermore, SK10 possessed favorable in vivo pharmacokinetic properties [e.g., oral bioavailability (F) = 31.8%]. Taken together, SK10 represents a novel heterotricyclic DNA-PK inhibitor with antitumor immune effects and favorable pharmacokinetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Binbin Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Joint Diagnosis and Treatment of Chronic Liver Disease and Liver Cancer of Lishui, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Lishui People's Hospital, Lishui, Zhejiang 323000, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Renal Disease Occurrence and Intervention, Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, Hubei Polytechnic University, Huangshi, Hubei 435003, P. R. China
- Molecular Pharmacology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Yaru Shi
- Key Laboratory of Joint Diagnosis and Treatment of Chronic Liver Disease and Liver Cancer of Lishui, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Lishui People's Hospital, Lishui, Zhejiang 323000, China
| | - Chuxiao Shao
- Key Laboratory of Joint Diagnosis and Treatment of Chronic Liver Disease and Liver Cancer of Lishui, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Lishui People's Hospital, Lishui, Zhejiang 323000, China
| | - Shuanghu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Joint Diagnosis and Treatment of Chronic Liver Disease and Liver Cancer of Lishui, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Lishui People's Hospital, Lishui, Zhejiang 323000, China
| | - Zhenhong Su
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Renal Disease Occurrence and Intervention, Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, Hubei Polytechnic University, Huangshi, Hubei 435003, P. R. China
| | - Jin Liu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Renal Disease Occurrence and Intervention, Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, Hubei Polytechnic University, Huangshi, Hubei 435003, P. R. China
| | - Yingxing Zhou
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Renal Disease Occurrence and Intervention, Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, Hubei Polytechnic University, Huangshi, Hubei 435003, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoting Fei
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Renal Disease Occurrence and Intervention, Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, Hubei Polytechnic University, Huangshi, Hubei 435003, P. R. China
| | - Wei Pan
- Cardiology Department, Geriatric Department, Foshan Women and Children Hospital, Foshan, Guangdong 528000, P. R. China
| | - Jianjun Chen
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, P. R. China
| | - Yiyu Lu
- Oncology Department, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Foshan 528200, China
| | - Jian Xiao
- Molecular Pharmacology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China
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3
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Wang Y, Wang R, Zhao Y, Cao S, Li C, Wu Y, Ma L, Liu Y, Yao Y, Jiao Y, Chen Y, Liu S, Zhang K, Wei M, Yang C, Yang G. Discovery of Selective and Potent ATR Degrader for Exploration its Kinase-Independent Functions in Acute Myeloid Leukemia Cells. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202318568. [PMID: 38433368 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202318568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Revised: 01/28/2024] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
ATR has emerged as a promising target for anti-cancer drug development. Several potent ATR inhibitors are currently undergoing various stages of clinical trials, but none have yet received FDA approval due to unclear regulatory mechanisms. In this study, we discovered a potent and selective ATR degrader. Its kinase-independent regulatory functions in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) cells were elucidated using this proteolysis-targeting chimera (PROTAC) molecule as a probe. The ATR degrader, 8 i, exhibited significantly different cellular phenotypes compared to the ATR kinase inhibitor 1. Mechanistic studies revealed that ATR deletion led to breakdown in the nuclear envelope, causing genome instability and extensive DNA damage. This would increase the expression of p53 and triggered immediately p53-mediated apoptosis signaling pathway, which was earlier and more effective than ATR kinase inhibition. Based on these findings, the in vivo anti-proliferative effects of ATR degrader 8 i were assessed using xenograft models. The degrader significantly inhibited the growth of AML cells in vivo, unlike the ATR inhibitor. These results suggest that the marked anti-AML activity is regulated by the kinase-independent functions of the ATR protein. Consequently, developing potent and selective ATR degraders could be a promising strategy for treating AML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yubo Wang
- The State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, P. R. China
| | - Ruonan Wang
- The State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, P. R. China
| | - Yanli Zhao
- The State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, P. R. China
| | - Sheng Cao
- The State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, P. R. China
- College of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Zaozhuang University, Zaozhuang, 277160, China
| | - Chen Li
- The State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, P. R. China
| | - Yanjie Wu
- The State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, P. R. China
| | - Lan Ma
- The State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, P. R. China
| | - Ying Liu
- The State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, P. R. China
| | - Yuhong Yao
- The State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, P. R. China
| | - Yue Jiao
- The State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, P. R. China
| | - Yukun Chen
- The State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, P. R. China
| | - Shuangwei Liu
- The State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, P. R. China
| | - Kun Zhang
- The State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, P. R. China
| | - Mingming Wei
- The State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, P. R. China
| | - Cheng Yang
- The State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, P. R. China
| | - Guang Yang
- The State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, P. R. China
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4
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Pusch FF, Dorado García H, Xu R, Gürgen D, Bei Y, Brückner L, Röefzaad C, von Stebut J, Bardinet V, Chamorro Gonzalez R, Eggert A, Schulte JH, Hundsdörfer P, Seifert G, Haase K, Schäfer BW, Wachtel M, Kühl AA, Ortiz MV, Wengner AM, Scheer M, Henssen AG. Elimusertib has Antitumor Activity in Preclinical Patient-Derived Pediatric Solid Tumor Models. Mol Cancer Ther 2024; 23:507-519. [PMID: 38159110 PMCID: PMC10985474 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-23-0094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Revised: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
The small-molecule inhibitor of ataxia telangiectasia and Rad3-related protein (ATR), elimusertib, is currently being tested clinically in various cancer entities in adults and children. Its preclinical antitumor activity in pediatric malignancies, however, is largely unknown. We here assessed the preclinical activity of elimusertib in 38 cell lines and 32 patient-derived xenograft (PDX) models derived from common pediatric solid tumor entities. Detailed in vitro and in vivo molecular characterization of the treated models enabled the evaluation of response biomarkers. Pronounced objective response rates were observed for elimusertib monotherapy in PDX, when treated with a regimen currently used in clinical trials. Strikingly, elimusertib showed stronger antitumor effects than some standard-of-care chemotherapies, particularly in alveolar rhabdomysarcoma PDX. Thus, elimusertib has strong preclinical antitumor activity in pediatric solid tumor models, which may translate to clinically meaningful responses in patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabian F. Pusch
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center (ECRC) of the MDC and Charité Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Heathcliff Dorado García
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center (ECRC) of the MDC and Charité Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Robin Xu
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center (ECRC) of the MDC and Charité Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Dennis Gürgen
- Experimental Pharmacology and Oncology (EPO), Berlin, Germany
| | - Yi Bei
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center (ECRC) of the MDC and Charité Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Lotte Brückner
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center (ECRC) of the MDC and Charité Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Max-Delbrück-Centrum für Molekulare Medizin (BIMSB/BIH), Berlin, Germany
| | - Claudia Röefzaad
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center (ECRC) of the MDC and Charité Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jennifer von Stebut
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center (ECRC) of the MDC and Charité Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Victor Bardinet
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center (ECRC) of the MDC and Charité Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Rocío Chamorro Gonzalez
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center (ECRC) of the MDC and Charité Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Angelika Eggert
- Department of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Johannes H. Schulte
- Department of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Patrick Hundsdörfer
- Department of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Helios Klinikum Berlin-Buch, Berlin, Germany
| | - Georg Seifert
- Department of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Kerstin Haase
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center (ECRC) of the MDC and Charité Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | | | | | - Anja A. Kühl
- iPATH.Berlin—Core Unit Immunopathology for Experimental Models, Charité Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Michael V. Ortiz
- Department of Pediatrics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York City, New York
| | | | - Monika Scheer
- Department of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Anton G. Henssen
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center (ECRC) of the MDC and Charité Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Max-Delbrück-Centrum für Molekulare Medizin (BIMSB/BIH), Berlin, Germany
- Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), partner site Berlin, and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
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5
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Odhiambo DA, Pittman AN, Rickard AG, Castillo RJ, Bassil AM, Chen J, Ravotti ML, Xu ES, Himes JE, Daniel AR, Watts TL, Williams NT, Luo L, Kirsch DG, Mowery YM. Preclinical Evaluation of the ATR Inhibitor BAY 1895344 as a Radiosensitizer for Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2024; 118:1315-1327. [PMID: 38104870 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2023.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Revised: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Despite aggressive multimodal treatment that typically includes definitive or adjuvant radiation therapy (RT), locoregional recurrence rates approach 50% for patients with locally advanced human papillomavirus (HPV)-negative head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). Thus, more effective therapeutics are needed to improve patient outcomes. We evaluated the radiosensitizing effects of ataxia telangiectasia and RAD3-related (ATR) inhibitor (ATRi) BAY 1895344 in preclinical models of HNSCC. METHODS AND MATERIALS Murine and human HPV-negative HNSCC cells (MOC2, MOC1, JHU-012) were treated with vehicle or ATRi with or without 4 Gy. Checkpoint kinase 1 phosphorylation and DNA damage (γH2AX) were evaluated by Western blot, and ATRi half-maximal inhibitory concentration was determined by MTT assay for HNSCC cells and immortalized murine oral keratinocytes. In vitro radiosensitization was tested by clonogenic assay. Cell cycle distribution and mitotic catastrophe were evaluated by flow cytometry. Mitotic aberrations were quantified by fluorescent microscopy. Tumor growth delay and survival were assessed in mice bearing MOC2 or JHU-012 transplant tumors treated with vehicle, ATRi, RT (10 Gy × 1 or 8 Gy × 3), or combined ATRi + RT. RESULTS ATRi caused dose-dependent reduction in checkpoint kinase 1 phosphorylation at 1 hour post-RT (4 Gy) and dose-dependent increase in γH2AX at 18 hours post-RT. Addition of RT to ATRi led to decreased BAY 1895344 half-maximal inhibitory concentration in HNSCC cell lines but not in normal tissue surrogate immortalized murine oral keratinocytes. Clonogenic assays demonstrated radiosensitization in the HNSCC cell lines. ATRi abrogated the RT-induced G2/M checkpoint, leading to mitosis with unrepaired DNA damage and increased mitotic aberrations (multinucleated cells, micronuclei, nuclear buds, nucleoplasmic bridges). ATRi and RT significantly delayed tumor growth in MOC2 and JHU-012 in vivo models, with improved overall survival in the MOC2 model. CONCLUSIONS These findings demonstrated that BAY 1895344 increased in vitro and in vivo radiosensitivity in HPV-negative HNSCC preclinical models, suggesting therapeutic potential warranting evaluation in clinical trials for patients with locally advanced or recurrent HPV-negative HNSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana A Odhiambo
- School of Medicine, Washington University of St Louis, St Louis, Missouri
| | - Allison N Pittman
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Ashlyn G Rickard
- Department of Radiation Oncology, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Rico J Castillo
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Alex M Bassil
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Joshua Chen
- College of Arts and Sciences, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Madison L Ravotti
- Department of Radiation Oncology, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Eric S Xu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Jonathan E Himes
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Andrea R Daniel
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Tammara L Watts
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery & Communication Sciences, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Nerissa T Williams
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Lixia Luo
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
| | - David G Kirsch
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina; Radiation Medicine Program, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Departments of Radiation Oncology and Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Yvonne M Mowery
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina; Department of Radiation Oncology, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; Department of Head and Neck Surgery & Communication Sciences, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina.
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6
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Black WC, Abdoli A, An X, Auger A, Beaulieu P, Bernatchez M, Caron C, Chefson A, Crane S, Diallo M, Dorich S, Fader LD, Ferraro GB, Fournier S, Gao Q, Ginzburg Y, Hamel M, Han Y, Jones P, Lanoix S, Lacbay CM, Leclaire ME, Levy M, Mamane Y, Mulani A, Papp R, Pellerin C, Picard A, Skeldon A, Skorey K, Stocco R, St-Onge M, Truchon JF, Truong VL, Zimmermann M, Zinda M, Roulston A. Discovery of the Potent and Selective ATR Inhibitor Camonsertib (RP-3500). J Med Chem 2024; 67:2349-2368. [PMID: 38299539 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.3c01917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2024]
Abstract
ATR is a key kinase in the DNA-damage response (DDR) that is synthetic lethal with several other DDR proteins, making it an attractive target for the treatment of genetically selected solid tumors. Herein we describe the discovery of a novel ATR inhibitor guided by a pharmacophore model to position a key hydrogen bond. Optimization was driven by potency and selectivity over the related kinase mTOR, resulting in the identification of camonsertib (RP-3500) with high potency and excellent ADME properties. Preclinical evaluation focused on the impact of camonsertib on myelosuppression, and an exploration of intermittent dosing schedules to allow recovery of the erythroid compartment and mitigate anemia. Camonsertib is currently undergoing clinical evaluation both as a single agent and in combination with talazoparib, olaparib, niraparib, lunresertib, or gemcitabine (NCT04497116, NCT04972110, NCT04855656). A preliminary recommended phase 2 dose for monotherapy was identified as 160 mg QD given 3 days/week.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Cameron Black
- Repare Therapeutics, Inc., 7171 Frederick-Banting, Building 2, Saint-Laurent, Quebec H4S 1Z9, Canada
| | - Abbas Abdoli
- Nuchem Sciences, Inc., 2350 Rue Cohen, Suite 201, Saint-Laurent, Quebec H4R 2N6, Canada
| | - Xiuli An
- New York Blood Center Enterprises, New York, New York 10065, United States
| | - Anick Auger
- Ventus Therapeutics, Inc., 7150 Frederick-Banting, Saint-Laurent, Quebec H4S 2A1, Canada
| | | | | | - Cathy Caron
- Repare Therapeutics, Inc., 7171 Frederick-Banting, Building 2, Saint-Laurent, Quebec H4S 1Z9, Canada
| | - Amandine Chefson
- Ventus Therapeutics, Inc., 7150 Frederick-Banting, Saint-Laurent, Quebec H4S 2A1, Canada
| | - Sheldon Crane
- Nuchem Sciences, Inc., 2350 Rue Cohen, Suite 201, Saint-Laurent, Quebec H4R 2N6, Canada
| | - Mohamed Diallo
- Repare Therapeutics, Inc., 7171 Frederick-Banting, Building 2, Saint-Laurent, Quebec H4S 1Z9, Canada
| | - Stéphane Dorich
- Ventus Therapeutics, Inc., 7150 Frederick-Banting, Saint-Laurent, Quebec H4S 2A1, Canada
| | - Lee D Fader
- Ventus Therapeutics, Inc., 7150 Frederick-Banting, Saint-Laurent, Quebec H4S 2A1, Canada
| | - Gino B Ferraro
- Repare Therapeutics, Inc., 7171 Frederick-Banting, Building 2, Saint-Laurent, Quebec H4S 1Z9, Canada
| | - Sara Fournier
- Repare Therapeutics, Inc., 7171 Frederick-Banting, Building 2, Saint-Laurent, Quebec H4S 1Z9, Canada
| | - Qi Gao
- J-Star Research, Inc., 3001 Hadley Road, Suites 1-5A, South Plainfield, New Jersey 07080, United States
| | - Yelena Ginzburg
- Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York 10029, United States
| | - Martine Hamel
- Repare Therapeutics, Inc., 7171 Frederick-Banting, Building 2, Saint-Laurent, Quebec H4S 1Z9, Canada
| | - Yongshuai Han
- New York Blood Center Enterprises, New York, New York 10065, United States
| | - Paul Jones
- Nuchem Sciences, Inc., 2350 Rue Cohen, Suite 201, Saint-Laurent, Quebec H4R 2N6, Canada
| | - Stéphanie Lanoix
- Nuchem Sciences, Inc., 2350 Rue Cohen, Suite 201, Saint-Laurent, Quebec H4R 2N6, Canada
| | - Cyrus M Lacbay
- Nuchem Sciences, Inc., 2350 Rue Cohen, Suite 201, Saint-Laurent, Quebec H4R 2N6, Canada
| | - Marie-Eve Leclaire
- Repare Therapeutics, Inc., 7171 Frederick-Banting, Building 2, Saint-Laurent, Quebec H4S 1Z9, Canada
| | - Maayan Levy
- Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York 10029, United States
| | - Yael Mamane
- Repare Therapeutics, Inc., 7171 Frederick-Banting, Building 2, Saint-Laurent, Quebec H4S 1Z9, Canada
| | - Amina Mulani
- Nuchem Sciences, Inc., 2350 Rue Cohen, Suite 201, Saint-Laurent, Quebec H4R 2N6, Canada
| | - Robert Papp
- Repare Therapeutics, Inc., 7171 Frederick-Banting, Building 2, Saint-Laurent, Quebec H4S 1Z9, Canada
| | - Charles Pellerin
- Ventus Therapeutics, Inc., 7150 Frederick-Banting, Saint-Laurent, Quebec H4S 2A1, Canada
| | - Audrey Picard
- Ventus Therapeutics, Inc., 7150 Frederick-Banting, Saint-Laurent, Quebec H4S 2A1, Canada
| | - Alexander Skeldon
- Ventus Therapeutics, Inc., 7150 Frederick-Banting, Saint-Laurent, Quebec H4S 2A1, Canada
| | - Kathryn Skorey
- Nuchem Sciences, Inc., 2350 Rue Cohen, Suite 201, Saint-Laurent, Quebec H4R 2N6, Canada
| | - Rino Stocco
- Repare Therapeutics, Inc., 7171 Frederick-Banting, Building 2, Saint-Laurent, Quebec H4S 1Z9, Canada
| | - Miguel St-Onge
- Ventus Therapeutics, Inc., 7150 Frederick-Banting, Saint-Laurent, Quebec H4S 2A1, Canada
| | - Jean-François Truchon
- Repare Therapeutics, Inc., 7171 Frederick-Banting, Building 2, Saint-Laurent, Quebec H4S 1Z9, Canada
| | - Vouy Linh Truong
- Nuchem Sciences, Inc., 2350 Rue Cohen, Suite 201, Saint-Laurent, Quebec H4R 2N6, Canada
| | - Michal Zimmermann
- Repare Therapeutics, Inc., 7171 Frederick-Banting, Building 2, Saint-Laurent, Quebec H4S 1Z9, Canada
| | - Michael Zinda
- Repare Therapeutics, Inc., 7171 Frederick-Banting, Building 2, Saint-Laurent, Quebec H4S 1Z9, Canada
| | - Anne Roulston
- Repare Therapeutics, Inc., 7171 Frederick-Banting, Building 2, Saint-Laurent, Quebec H4S 1Z9, Canada
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7
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Sartori G, Tarantelli C, Spriano F, Gaudio E, Cascione L, Mascia M, Barreca M, Arribas AJ, Licenziato L, Golino G, Ferragamo A, Pileri S, Damia G, Zucca E, Stathis A, Politz O, Wengner AM, Bertoni F. The ATR inhibitor elimusertib exhibits anti-lymphoma activity and synergizes with the PI3K inhibitor copanlisib. Br J Haematol 2024; 204:191-205. [PMID: 38011941 DOI: 10.1111/bjh.19218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Revised: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
The DNA damage response (DDR) is the cellular process of preserving an intact genome and is often deregulated in lymphoma cells. The ataxia telangiectasia and Rad3-related (ATR) kinase is a crucial factor of DDR in the response to DNA single-strand breaks. ATR inhibitors are agents that have shown considerable clinical potential in this context. We characterized the activity of the ATR inhibitor elimusertib (BAY 1895344) in a large panel of lymphoma cell lines. Furthermore, we evaluated its activity combined with the clinically approved PI3K inhibitor copanlisib in vitro and in vivo. Elimusertib exhibits potent anti-tumour activity across various lymphoma subtypes, which is associated with the expression of genes related to replication stress, cell cycle regulation and, as also sustained by CRISPR Cas9 experiments, CDKN2A loss. In several tumour models, elimusertib demonstrated widespread anti-tumour activity stronger than ceralasertib, another ATR inhibitor. This activity is present in both DDR-proficient and DDR-deficient lymphoma models. Furthermore, a combination of ATR and PI3K inhibition by treatment with elimusertib and copanlisib has in vitro and in vivo anti-tumour activity, providing a potential new treatment option for lymphoma patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulio Sartori
- Institute of Oncology Research, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, USI, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Chiara Tarantelli
- Institute of Oncology Research, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, USI, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Filippo Spriano
- Institute of Oncology Research, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, USI, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Eugenio Gaudio
- Institute of Oncology Research, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, USI, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Luciano Cascione
- Institute of Oncology Research, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, USI, Bellinzona, Switzerland
- SIB Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Michele Mascia
- Institute of Oncology Research, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, USI, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Marilia Barreca
- Institute of Oncology Research, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, USI, Bellinzona, Switzerland
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (STEBICEF), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Alberto J Arribas
- Institute of Oncology Research, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, USI, Bellinzona, Switzerland
- SIB Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Luca Licenziato
- Institute of Oncology Research, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, USI, Bellinzona, Switzerland
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Gaetanina Golino
- Institute of Oncology Research, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, USI, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Adele Ferragamo
- Institute of Oncology Research, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, USI, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Stefano Pileri
- Division of Diagnostic Haematopathology, European Institute of Oncology, Milan, Italy
| | - Giovanna Damia
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Oncology, IRCCS-Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche "Mario Negri", Milan, Italy
| | - Emanuele Zucca
- Institute of Oncology Research, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, USI, Bellinzona, Switzerland
- Oncology Institute of Southern Switzerland, EOC, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Anastasios Stathis
- Oncology Institute of Southern Switzerland, EOC, Bellinzona, Switzerland
- Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, USI, Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Oliver Politz
- Bayer AG, Pharmaceuticals, Research & Development, Berlin, Germany
| | - Antje M Wengner
- Bayer AG, Pharmaceuticals, Research & Development, Berlin, Germany
| | - Francesco Bertoni
- Institute of Oncology Research, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, USI, Bellinzona, Switzerland
- Oncology Institute of Southern Switzerland, EOC, Bellinzona, Switzerland
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8
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Shareef U, Altaf A, Ahmed M, Akhtar N, Almuhayawi MS, Al Jaouni SK, Selim S, Abdelgawad MA, Nagshabandi MK. A comprehensive review of discovery and development of drugs discovered from 2020-2022. Saudi Pharm J 2024; 32:101913. [PMID: 38204591 PMCID: PMC10777120 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsps.2023.101913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2023] [Accepted: 12/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
To fully evaluate and define the new drug molecule for its pharmacological characteristics and toxicity profile, pre-clinical and clinical studies are conducted as part of the drug research and development process. The average time required for all drug development processes to finish various regulatory evaluations ranges from 11.4 to 13.5 years, and the expense of drug development is rising quickly. The development in the discovery of newer novel treatments is, however, largely due to the growing need for new medications. Methods to identify Hits and discovery of lead compounds along with pre-clinical studies have advanced, and one example is the introduction of computer-aided drug design (CADD), which has greatly shortened the time needed for the drug to go through the drug discovery phases. The pharmaceutical industry will hopefully be able to address the present and future issues and will continue to produce novel molecular entities (NMEs) to satisfy the expanding unmet medical requirements of the patients as the success rate of the drug development processes is increasing. Several heterocyclic moieties have been developed and tested against many targets and proved to be very effective. In-depth discussion of the drug design approaches of newly found drugs from 2020 to 2022, including their pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic profiles and in-vitro and in-vivo assessments, is the main goal of this review. Considering the many stages these drugs are going through in their clinical trials, this investigation is especially pertinent. It should be noted that synthetic strategies are not discussed in this review; instead, they will be in a future publication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Usman Shareef
- Shifa College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shifa Tameer-e-Millat University, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan
| | - Aisha Altaf
- Shifa College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shifa Tameer-e-Millat University, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan
| | - Madiha Ahmed
- Shifa College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shifa Tameer-e-Millat University, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan
| | - Nosheen Akhtar
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Medical Sciences, Rawalpindi 43600, Pakistan
| | - Mohammed S. Almuhayawi
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Soad K. Al Jaouni
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, Yousef Abdulatif Jameel Scientific Chair of Prophetic Medicine Application, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Samy Selim
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Jouf University, Sakaka 72388, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed A. Abdelgawad
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Jouf University, Sakaka 72341, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed K. Nagshabandi
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Jeddah, Jeddah 23218, Saudi Arabia
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9
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Li Y, Shah RB, Sarti S, Belcher AL, Lee BJ, Gorbatenko A, Nemati F, Yu H, Stanley Z, Rahman M, Shao Z, Silva JM, Zha S, Sidi S. A noncanonical IRAK4-IRAK1 pathway counters DNA damage-induced apoptosis independently of TLR/IL-1R signaling. Sci Signal 2023; 16:eadh3449. [PMID: 38113335 PMCID: PMC11111193 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.adh3449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
Interleukin-1 receptor (IL-1R)-associated kinases (IRAKs) are core effectors of Toll-like receptors (TLRs) and IL-1R in innate immunity. Here, we found that IRAK4 and IRAK1 together inhibited DNA damage-induced cell death independently of TLR or IL-1R signaling. In human cancer cells, IRAK4 was activated downstream of ATR kinase in response to double-strand breaks (DSBs) induced by ionizing radiation (IR). Activated IRAK4 then formed a complex with and activated IRAK1. The formation of this complex required the E3 ubiquitin ligase Pellino1, acting structurally but not catalytically, and the activation of IRAK1 occurred independently of extracellular signaling, intracellular TLRs, and the TLR/IL-1R signaling adaptor MyD88. Activated IRAK1 translocated to the nucleus in a Pellino2-dependent manner. In the nucleus, IRAK1 bound to the PIDD1 subunit of the proapoptotic PIDDosome and interfered with platform assembly, thus supporting cell survival. This noncanonical IRAK signaling pathway was also activated in response to other DSB-inducing agents. The loss of IRAK4, of IRAK4 kinase activity, of either Pellino protein, or of the nuclear localization sequence in IRAK1 sensitized p53-mutant zebrafish to radiation. Thus, the findings may lead to strategies for overcoming tumor resistance to conventional cancer treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Li
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Regenerative Biology, The Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Richa B. Shah
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Regenerative Biology, The Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Samanta Sarti
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Regenerative Biology, The Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Alicia L. Belcher
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Regenerative Biology, The Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Brian J. Lee
- Institute for Cancer Genetics, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Andrej Gorbatenko
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
- Department of Pathology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
- Current address: Department of Medical Biochemistry, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Francesca Nemati
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Regenerative Biology, The Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Honglin Yu
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Regenerative Biology, The Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Zoe Stanley
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Regenerative Biology, The Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Mahbuba Rahman
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Regenerative Biology, The Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Zhengping Shao
- Institute for Cancer Genetics, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Jose M. Silva
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
- Department of Pathology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Shan Zha
- Institute for Cancer Genetics, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
- Division of Pediatric Oncology, Hematology and Stem Cell Transplantation, Department of Pediatrics, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Samuel Sidi
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Regenerative Biology, The Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
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10
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Li Q, Qian W, Zhang Y, Hu L, Chen S, Xia Y. A new wave of innovations within the DNA damage response. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2023; 8:338. [PMID: 37679326 PMCID: PMC10485079 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-023-01548-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Revised: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Genome instability has been identified as one of the enabling hallmarks in cancer. DNA damage response (DDR) network is responsible for maintenance of genome integrity in cells. As cancer cells frequently carry DDR gene deficiencies or suffer from replicative stress, targeting DDR processes could induce excessive DNA damages (or unrepaired DNA) that eventually lead to cell death. Poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitors have brought impressive benefit to patients with breast cancer gene (BRCA) mutation or homologous recombination deficiency (HRD), which proves the concept of synthetic lethality in cancer treatment. Moreover, the other two scenarios of DDR inhibitor application, replication stress and combination with chemo- or radio- therapy, are under active clinical exploration. In this review, we revisited the progress of DDR targeting therapy beyond the launched first-generation PARP inhibitors. Next generation PARP1 selective inhibitors, which could maintain the efficacy while mitigating side effects, may diversify the application scenarios of PARP inhibitor in clinic. Albeit with unavoidable on-mechanism toxicities, several small molecules targeting DNA damage checkpoints (gatekeepers) have shown great promise in preliminary clinical results, which may warrant further evaluations. In addition, inhibitors for other DNA repair pathways (caretakers) are also under active preclinical or clinical development. With these progresses and efforts, we envision that a new wave of innovations within DDR has come of age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Li
- Domestic Discovery Service Unit, WuXi AppTec, 200131, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenyuan Qian
- Domestic Discovery Service Unit, WuXi AppTec, 200131, Shanghai, China
| | - Yang Zhang
- Domestic Discovery Service Unit, WuXi AppTec, 200131, Shanghai, China
| | - Lihong Hu
- Domestic Discovery Service Unit, WuXi AppTec, 200131, Shanghai, China
| | - Shuhui Chen
- Domestic Discovery Service Unit, WuXi AppTec, 200131, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuanfeng Xia
- Domestic Discovery Service Unit, WuXi AppTec, 200131, Shanghai, China.
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11
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Duan Y, Zhuang L, Xu Y, Cheng H, Xia J, Lu T, Chen Y. Design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of pyrido[3,2-d]pyrimidine derivatives as novel ATR inhibitors. Bioorg Chem 2023; 136:106535. [PMID: 37086581 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2023.106535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2023] [Revised: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 04/07/2023] [Indexed: 04/24/2023]
Abstract
Targeting ataxia telangiectasia mutated and Rad3-related (ATR) kinase is being pursued as a new therapeutic strategy for the treatment of advanced solid tumor with specific DNA damage response deficiency. Herein, we report a series of pyrido[3,2-d]pyrimidine derivatives with potent ATR inhibitory activity through structure-based drug design. Among them, the representative compound 10q exhibited excellent potency against ATR in both biochemical and cellular assays. More importantly, 10q exhibited good liver microsomes stability in different species and also showed moderate inhibitory activity against HT-29 cells in combination treatment with the ATM inhibitor AZD1390. Thus, this work provides a promising lead compound against ATR for further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunxin Duan
- School of Sciences, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing 211198, PR China
| | - Lili Zhuang
- School of Sciences, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing 211198, PR China
| | - Yerong Xu
- School of Sciences, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing 211198, PR China
| | - Haodong Cheng
- School of Sciences, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing 211198, PR China
| | - Jiawei Xia
- School of Sciences, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing 211198, PR China
| | - Tao Lu
- School of Sciences, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing 211198, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing 210009, PR China.
| | - Yadong Chen
- School of Sciences, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing 211198, PR China.
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12
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Abstract
An analysis of 156 published clinical candidates from the Journal of Medicinal Chemistry between 2018 and 2021 was conducted to identify lead generation strategies most frequently employed leading to drug candidates. As in a previous publication, the most frequent lead generation strategies resulting in clinical candidates were from known compounds (59%) followed by random screening approaches (21%). The remainder of the approaches included directed screening, fragment screening, DNA-encoded library screening (DEL), and virtual screening. An analysis of similarity was also conducted based on Tanimoto-MCS and revealed most clinical candidates were distant from their original hits; however, most shared a key pharmacophore that translated from hit-to-clinical candidate. An examination of frequency of oxygen, nitrogen, fluorine, chlorine, and sulfur incorporation in clinical candidates was also conducted. The three most similar and least similar hit-to-clinical pairs from random screening were examined to provide perspective on changes that occur that lead to successful clinical candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dean G Brown
- Jnana Therapeutics, One Design Center Pl Suite 19-400, Boston, Massachusetts 02210, United States
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13
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Shao J, Huang L, Lai W, Zou Y, Zhu Q. Design, Synthesis, and Biological Evaluation of Potent and Selective Inhibitors of Ataxia Telangiectasia Mutated and Rad3-Related (ATR) Kinase for the Efficient Treatment of Cancer. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28114521. [PMID: 37298997 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28114521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2023] [Revised: 05/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Ataxia telangiectasia mutated and Rad3-related (ATR), a vital member of the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase-related kinase (PIKK) family, plays a critical role in the DNA damage response (DDR). Tumor cells with a loss of DDR function or defects in the ataxia telangiectasia mutated (ATM) gene are generally more dependent on ATR for survival, suggesting that ATR is an attractive anticancer drug target based on its synthetic lethality. Herein, we present a potent and highly selective ATR inhibitor, ZH-12 (IC50 = 0.0068 μM). It showed potent antitumor activity as a single agent or in combination with cisplatin in the human colorectal adenocarcinoma LoVo tumor xenograft mouse model. Overall, ZH-12 may be a promising ATR inhibitor based on the principle of synthetic lethality and deserves further in-depth study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jialu Shao
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Lei Huang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
- Department of Pharmacology and Medicinal Chemistry, Jiangsu Vocational College of Medicine, Yancheng 224005, China
| | - Wenwen Lai
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Yi Zou
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Qihua Zhu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
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14
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Martin B, Garman T, Laramee M, Wang A, Zhang X, Beck E, Wilson K, Klumpp-Thomas C, McKnight C, Xu X, Hagen N, Holland D, Dahmane N, Thomas CJ, Souweidane M. Preclinical validation of a novel therapeutic strategy for choroid plexus carcinoma. J Control Release 2023; 357:580-590. [PMID: 37054779 PMCID: PMC10174050 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2023.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Revised: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 04/09/2023] [Indexed: 04/15/2023]
Abstract
Choroid plexus carcinoma (CPC) is a rare infantile brain tumor with an aggressive clinical course that often leaves children with debilitating side effects due to aggressive and toxic chemotherapies. Development of novel therapeutical strategies for this disease have been extremely limited owing to the rarity of the disease and the paucity of biologically relevant substrates. We conducted the first high-throughput screen (HTS) on a human patient-derived CPC cell line (Children Cancer Hospital Egypt, CCHE-45) and identified 427 top hits highlighting key molecular targets in CPC. Furthermore, a combination screen with a wide variety of targets revealed multiple synergistic combinations that may pave the way for novel therapeutical strategies against CPC. Based on in vitro efficiency, central nervous system (CNS) penetrance ability and feasible translational potential, two combinations using a DNA alkylating or topoisomerase inhibitors in combination with an ataxia telangiectasia mutated and rad3 (ATR) inhibitor (topotecan/elimusertib and melphalan/elimusertib respectively) were validated in vitro and in vivo. Pharmacokinetic assays established increased brain penetrance with intra-arterial (IA) delivery over intra-venous (IV) delivery and demonstrated a higher CNS penetrance for the combination melphalan/elimusertib. The mechanisms of synergistic activity for melphalan/elimusertib were assessed through transcriptome analyses and showed dysregulation of key oncogenic pathways (e.g. MYC, mammalian target of rapamycin mTOR, p53) and activation of critical biological processes (e.g. DNA repair, apoptosis, hypoxia, interferon gamma). Importantly, IA administration of melphalan combined with elimusertib led to a significant increase in survival in a CPC genetic mouse model. In conclusion, this study is, to the best of our knowledge, the first that identifies multiple promising combinatorial therapeutics for CPC and emphasizes the potential of IA delivery for the treatment of CPC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brice Martin
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA.
| | - Tyler Garman
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Madeline Laramee
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Amy Wang
- Division of National Toxicology, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD 20850, USA; Division of Preclinical Innovation, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD 20850, USA
| | - Xiaohu Zhang
- Division of Preclinical Innovation, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD 20850, USA
| | - Erin Beck
- Division of Preclinical Innovation, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD 20850, USA
| | - Kelli Wilson
- Division of Preclinical Innovation, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD 20850, USA
| | - Carleen Klumpp-Thomas
- Division of Preclinical Innovation, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD 20850, USA
| | - Crystal McKnight
- Division of Preclinical Innovation, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD 20850, USA
| | - Xin Xu
- Division of National Toxicology, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD 20850, USA; Division of Preclinical Innovation, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD 20850, USA
| | - Natalie Hagen
- Division of National Toxicology, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD 20850, USA
| | - David Holland
- Division of Preclinical Innovation, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD 20850, USA; Lymphoid Malignancies Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Nadia Dahmane
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Craig J Thomas
- Division of Preclinical Innovation, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD 20850, USA; Lymphoid Malignancies Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Mark Souweidane
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA; Department of Neurosurgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
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15
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Duan Y, Cheng H, Zhuang L, Xia J, Xu Y, Zhang R, Sun R, Lu T, Chen Y. Discovery of Thieno[3,2-d]pyrimidine derivatives as potent and selective inhibitors of ataxia telangiectasia mutated and Rad3 related (ATR) kinase. Eur J Med Chem 2023; 255:115370. [PMID: 37130473 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2023.115370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Revised: 04/08/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
The ataxia telangiectasia mutated and rad3-related (ATR) kinase regulates the DNA damage response (DDR), which plays a critical role in the ATR-Chk1 signaling pathway. ATR inhibition can induce synthetic lethality (SL) with several DDR deficiencies, making it an attractive drug target for cancers with DDR defects. In this study, we developed a series of selective and potent ATR inhibitors with a thieno[3,2-d]pyrimidine scaffold using a hybrid design. We identified compound 34 as a representative molecule that inhibited ATR kinase with an IC50 value of 1.5 nM and showed reduced potency against other kinases tested. Compound 34 also exhibited potent antiproliferative effects against LoVo cells and SL effects against HT-29 cells. Moreover, compound 34 demonstrated good pharmacokinetic properties, in vivo antitumor efficacy, and no obvious toxicity in the LoVo xenograft tumor model. Therefore, compound 34 is a promising lead compound for drug development to combat specific DDR deficiencies in cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunxin Duan
- School of Sciences, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing, 211198, PR China
| | - Haodong Cheng
- School of Sciences, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing, 211198, PR China
| | - Lili Zhuang
- School of Sciences, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing, 211198, PR China
| | - Jiawei Xia
- School of Sciences, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing, 211198, PR China
| | - Yerong Xu
- School of Sciences, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing, 211198, PR China
| | - Ruyue Zhang
- School of Sciences, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing, 211198, PR China
| | - Rui Sun
- School of Sciences, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing, 211198, PR China
| | - Tao Lu
- School of Sciences, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing, 211198, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing, 210009, PR China.
| | - Yadong Chen
- School of Sciences, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing, 211198, PR China.
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16
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Manavella DD, McNamara B, Harold J, Bellone S, Hartwich TMP, Yang-Hartwich Y, Mutlu L, Zipponi M, Demirkiran C, Verzosa MS, Altwerger G, Ratner E, Huang GS, Clark M, Andikyan V, Azodi M, Schwartz PE, Dottino PR, Choi J, Alexandrov LB, Buza N, Hui P, Santin AD. Ovarian and uterine carcinosarcomas are sensitive in vitro and in vivo to elimusertib, a novel ataxia-telangiectasia and Rad3-related (ATR) kinase inhibitor. Gynecol Oncol 2023; 169:98-105. [PMID: 36525930 PMCID: PMC9925406 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygyno.2022.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Revised: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Carcinosarcoma of the ovary (OCS) and uterus (UCS) are rare highly aggressive malignancies. Ataxia-telangiectasia-and-Rad3-related (ATR) kinase and homologous recombination play a pivotal role in DNA damage repair. Homologous recombination deficiency (HRD) has been demonstrated in >30% of OCS/UCS. We investigated the preclinical activity of elimusertib, a selective ATR kinase inhibitor, against carcinosarcoma (CS) cell lines and xenografts. METHODS Sensitivity to elimusertib was evaluated in vitro against nine whole exome-sequenced (WES) primary CS cell lines and in vivo against HRD CS xenografts. Western blots were performed to determine baseline ATR and p-ATR protein expression in CS, and ATR pathway downstream effectors and apoptosis markers in CS HRD cell lines after Elimusertib treatment. RESULTS Out of the 9 CS cell lines, 3 harbored HRD and 6 homologous recombination proficient (HRP) features. Most of CS (i.e., 7/9 = 85%) were found to be sensitive to Elimusertib in vitro. Among the 5 primary CS cell lines with a high-grade pure serous epithelial component, HRD cell lines were more sensitive to elimusertib than HRP tumors (mean IC50 ± SEM HRD CS = 61.3 nM ±15.2 vs HRP = 361.6 nM ±24.4 (p = 0.01)). Baseline ATR and p-ATR protein expression was higher in HRD CS cell lines. Elimusertib showed tumor growth inhibition in HRD CS xenografts (p < 0.0001) and increased overall animal survival (p < 0.0001). Western blot demonstrated dose-dependent inhibition of ATR, p-ATR and its downstream effector p-CHK1, and a dose-dependent increase in caspase-3 expression. CONCLUSIONS Elimusertib is preclinically active in vitro and in vivo against primary CS cell lines and xenografts, respectively. CS models harboring HRD or with pure/mixed endometrioid histology demonstrated higher sensitivity to ATR inhibition. Clinical trials with elimusertib in CS patients are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego D Manavella
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, Yale University School of Medicine, CT 06520, USA
| | - Blair McNamara
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, Yale University School of Medicine, CT 06520, USA
| | - Justin Harold
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, Yale University School of Medicine, CT 06520, USA
| | - Stefania Bellone
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, Yale University School of Medicine, CT 06520, USA
| | - Tobias Max Philipp Hartwich
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, Yale University School of Medicine, CT 06520, USA
| | - Yang Yang-Hartwich
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, Yale University School of Medicine, CT 06520, USA
| | - Levent Mutlu
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, Yale University School of Medicine, CT 06520, USA
| | - Margherita Zipponi
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, Yale University School of Medicine, CT 06520, USA
| | - Cem Demirkiran
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, Yale University School of Medicine, CT 06520, USA
| | - Miguel Skyler Verzosa
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, Yale University School of Medicine, CT 06520, USA
| | - Gary Altwerger
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, Yale University School of Medicine, CT 06520, USA
| | - Elena Ratner
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, Yale University School of Medicine, CT 06520, USA
| | - Gloria S Huang
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, Yale University School of Medicine, CT 06520, USA
| | - Mitchell Clark
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, Yale University School of Medicine, CT 06520, USA
| | - Vaagn Andikyan
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, Yale University School of Medicine, CT 06520, USA
| | - Masoud Azodi
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, Yale University School of Medicine, CT 06520, USA
| | - Peter E Schwartz
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, Yale University School of Medicine, CT 06520, USA
| | - Peter R Dottino
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, Yale University School of Medicine, CT 06520, USA
| | - Jungmin Choi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Korea University College of Medicine, 02841 Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ludmil B Alexandrov
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine University of California San Diego, La Jolla, USA
| | - Natalia Buza
- Department of Pathology, Yale University School of Medicine, CT 06520, USA
| | - Pei Hui
- Department of Pathology, Yale University School of Medicine, CT 06520, USA
| | - Alessandro D Santin
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, Yale University School of Medicine, CT 06520, USA.
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17
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Sundararajan V, Tan TZ, Lim D, Peng Y, Wengner AM, Ngoi NYL, Jeyasekharan AD, Tan DSP. Nuclear pCHK1 as a potential biomarker of increased sensitivity to ATR inhibition. J Pathol 2023; 259:194-204. [PMID: 36373784 PMCID: PMC10107453 DOI: 10.1002/path.6032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Revised: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Excessive genomic instability coupled with abnormalities in DNA repair pathways induces high levels of 'replication stress' when cancer cells propagate. Rather than hampering cancer cell proliferation, novel treatment strategies are turning their attention towards targeting cell cycle checkpoint kinases (such as ATR, CHK1, WEE1, and others) along the DNA damage response and replicative stress response pathways, thereby allowing unrepaired DNA damage to be carried forward towards mitotic catastrophe and apoptosis. The selective ATR kinase inhibitor elimusertib (BAY 1895344) has demonstrated preclinical and clinical monotherapy activity; however, reliable predictive biomarkers of treatment benefit are still lacking. In this study, using gene expression profiling of 24 cell lines from different cancer types and in a panel of ovarian cancer cell lines, we found that nuclear-specific enrichment of checkpoint kinase 1 (CHK1) correlated with increased sensitivity to elimusertib. Using an advanced multispectral imaging system in subsequent cell line-derived xenograft specimens, we showed a trend between nuclear phosphorylated CHK1 (pCHK1) staining and increased sensitivity to the ATR inhibitor elimusertib, indicating the potential value of pCHK1 expression as a predictive biomarker of ATR inhibitor sensitivity. © 2022 The Authors. The Journal of Pathology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of The Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vignesh Sundararajan
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Tuan Zea Tan
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,Genomics and Data Analytics Core (GeDaC), Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Diana Lim
- Department of Pathology, National University Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yanfen Peng
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | | | - Natalie Yan Li Ngoi
- Department of Haematology-Oncology, National University Cancer Institute, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Anand D Jeyasekharan
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - David Shao Peng Tan
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,Department of Haematology-Oncology, National University Cancer Institute, Singapore, Singapore
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18
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Qi Y, Wang K, Long B, Yue H, Wu Y, Yang D, Tong M, Shi X, Hou Y, Zhao Y. Discovery of novel 7,7-dimethyl-6,7-dihydro-5H-pyrrolo[3,4-d]pyrimidines as ATR inhibitors based on structure-based drug design. Eur J Med Chem 2023; 246:114945. [PMID: 36462444 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2022.114945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Revised: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
ATR kinase is essential to the viability of replicating cells responding to the accumulation of single-strand breaks in DNA, which is an attractive anticancer drug target based on synthetic lethality. Herein we design, synthesize, and evaluate a novel series of fused pyrimidine derivatives as ATR inhibitors. As a result, compound 48f, with an IC50 value of 0.0030 μM against ATR, displayed strong monotherapy efficacy in ataxia-telangiectasia mutated (ATM) kinase-deficient tumor cells LoVo, SW620, OVCAR-3 cell lines with IC50 values of 0.040 μM, 0.095 μM, 0.098 μM, respectively. More importantly, the combination of 48f with AZD-1390, cisplatin, oxaliplatin, and olaparib respectively resulted in synergistic activity against HT-29, HCT116, A549, MCF-7, MDA-MB-231 cells. Moreover, 48f showed a favorable pharmacokinetic profile with a bioavailability of 30.0% in SD rats, acceptable PPB, high permeability (Papp A to B = 8.23 cm s-1 × 10-6), and low risk of drug-drug interactions. Collectively, compound 48f could be a promising compound for further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinliang Qi
- School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110016, China
| | - Kun Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110016, China
| | - Bin Long
- School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110016, China
| | - Hao Yue
- School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110016, China
| | - Yongshuo Wu
- School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110016, China
| | - Dexiao Yang
- 3D BioOptima, 1338 Wuzhong Avenue, Suzhou, 215104, China
| | - Minghui Tong
- 3D BioOptima, 1338 Wuzhong Avenue, Suzhou, 215104, China
| | - Xuan Shi
- 3D BioOptima, 1338 Wuzhong Avenue, Suzhou, 215104, China
| | - Yunlei Hou
- School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110016, China.
| | - Yanfang Zhao
- School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110016, China.
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19
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Salguero C, Valladolid C, Robinson HMR, Smith GCM, Yap TA. Targeting ATR in Cancer Medicine. Cancer Treat Res 2023; 186:239-283. [PMID: 37978140 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-30065-3_14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
As a key component of the DNA Damage Response, the Ataxia telangiectasia and Rad3-related (ATR) protein is a promising druggable target that is currently widely evaluated in phase I-II-III clinical trials as monotherapy and in combinations with other rational antitumor agents, including immunotherapy, DNA repair inhibitors, chemo- and radiotherapy. Ongoing clinical studies for this drug class must address the optimization of the therapeutic window to limit overlapping toxicities and refine the target population that will most likely benefit from ATR inhibition. With advances in the development of personalized treatment strategies for patients with advanced solid tumors, many ongoing ATR inhibitor trials have been recruiting patients based on their germline and somatic molecular alterations, rather than relying solely on specific tumor subtypes. Although a spectrum of molecular alterations have already been identified as potential predictive biomarkers of response that may sensitize to ATR inhibition, these biomarkers must be analytically validated and feasible to measure robustly to allow for successful integration into the clinic. While several ATR inhibitors in development are poised to address a clinically unmet need, no ATR inhibitor has yet received FDA-approval. This chapter details the underlying rationale for targeting ATR and summarizes the current preclinical and clinical landscape of ATR inhibitors currently in evaluation, as their regulatory approval potentially lies close in sight.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Salguero
- Department of Investigational Cancer Therapeutics (Phase I Program), Division of Cancer Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Christian Valladolid
- Department of Investigational Cancer Therapeutics (Phase I Program), Division of Cancer Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Helen M R Robinson
- Artios Pharma, The Glenn Berge Building, Babraham Research Campus, Cambridge, UK
| | - Graeme C M Smith
- Artios Pharma, The Glenn Berge Building, Babraham Research Campus, Cambridge, UK
| | - Timothy A Yap
- Department of Investigational Cancer Therapeutics (Phase I Program), Division of Cancer Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.
- The Institute for Applied Cancer Science, and Institute for Personalized Cancer Therapy, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1400 Holcombe Boulevard, TX, 77030, Houston, USA.
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20
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Kiesel B, Parise RA, Krishnamurthy A, Gore S, Beumer JH. Quantitation of the ataxia-telangiectasia-mutated and Rad3-related inhibitor elimusertib (BAY-1895344) in human plasma using LC-MS/MS. Biomed Chromatogr 2022; 36:e5455. [PMID: 35876841 PMCID: PMC9731518 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.5455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Revised: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Ataxia-telangiectasia-mutated and Rad3-related (ATR) is master regulator of the DNA-damage response that, through multiple mechanisms, can promote cancer cell survival in response to replication stress from sources, including chemotherapy and radiation. Elimusertib (BAY-1895344) is an orally available small-molecule ATR inhibitor currently in preclinical and clinical development for cancer treatment. To support these studies and define elimusertib pharmacokinetics, we developed a HPLC-MS method for its quantitation. A 50-μL volume of plasma was subjected to acetonitrile protein precipitation and then chromatographic separation using a Phenomenex Polar-RP column (2 × 50 mm, 4 μm) and a gradient mobile phase consisting of 0.1% formic acid in acetonitrile and water during a 7-min run time. Mass spectrometric detection was achieved using a SCIEX 4000 triple-stage mass spectrometer with electrospray positive-mode ionization. With a stable isotopic internal standard, the assay was linear from 30 to 5000 ng/mL and proved to be both accurate (93.5-108.2%) and precise (<6.3% coefficient of variation) fulfilling criteria from the Food and Drug Administration guidance on bioanalytical method validation. This LC-MS/MS assay will support several ongoing clinical studies by defining elimusertib pharmacokinetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian Kiesel
- Cancer Therapeutics Program, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Robert A. Parise
- Cancer Therapeutics Program, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Anuradha Krishnamurthy
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Steven Gore
- Investigational Drug Branch, Cancer Therapy Evaluation Program, Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD
| | - Jan H. Beumer
- Cancer Therapeutics Program, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA
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21
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Diamanti E, Méndez M, Ross T, Kuttruff CA, Lefranc J, Klingler FM, von Nussbaum F, Jung M, Gehringer M. Frontiers in Medicinal Chemistry 2022 Goes Virtual. ChemMedChem 2022; 17:e202200419. [PMID: 36198574 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.202200419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The Frontiers in Medicinal Chemistry (FiMC) meeting, which represents the largest international medicinal chemistry conference in Germany, took place from March 14th to 16th 2022 in a fully virtual format. Organized by the Division of Medicinal Chemistry of the German Chemical Society (GDCh) together with the Division of Pharmaceutical & Medicinal Chemistry of the German Pharmaceutical Society (DPhG) and a "local" organization committee from the University of Freiburg headed by Manfred Jung, the meeting brought together 271 participants from around 20 countries. The program included 33 lectures by leading scientists from industry and academia as well as early career investigators. 67 posters were presented in two poster sessions and with over 20.000 poster abstract downloads. The general organization and the time-shift function were very much appreciated as demonstrated by almost 600 on-demand contents retrieved. The online format fitted perfectly to bring together medicinal chemists from academia and industry across the globe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleonora Diamanti
- HIPS - Helmholtz-Institut für Pharmazeutische Forschung Saarland, Campus E8 1, 66123, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - María Méndez
- Sanofi R&D, Integrated Drug Discovery, Industriepark Höchst, Blg. G838, 65926, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Tatjana Ross
- Merck Healthcare KGaA, Frankfurter Straße 250, 64293, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Christian A Kuttruff
- Boehringer Ingelheim International GmbH, Birkendorfer Straße 65, 88397, Biberach an der Riss, Germany
| | - Julien Lefranc
- Merck Healthcare KGaA, Frankfurter Straße 250, 64293, Darmstadt, Germany
| | | | - Franz von Nussbaum
- NUVISAN Innovation Campus Berlin, NUVISAN ICB GmbH, Muellerstr. 178, 13353, Berlin, Germany
| | - Manfred Jung
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Albertstraße 25, 79104, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
| | - Matthias Gehringer
- University of Tübingen, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry Department, Auf der Morgenstelle 8, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
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22
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7-Azaindole, 2,7-diazaindole, and 1H-pyrazole as core structures for novel anticancer agents with potential chemosensitizing properties. Eur J Med Chem 2022; 240:114580. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2022.114580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Revised: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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23
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Zhang Y, Wu L, Wang Z, Wang J, Roychoudhury S, Tomasik B, Wu G, Wang G, Rao X, Zhou R. Replication Stress: A Review of Novel Targets to Enhance Radiosensitivity-From Bench to Clinic. Front Oncol 2022; 12:838637. [PMID: 35875060 PMCID: PMC9305609 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.838637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
DNA replication is a process fundamental in all living organisms in which deregulation, known as replication stress, often leads to genomic instability, a hallmark of cancer. Most malignant tumors sustain persistent proliferation and tolerate replication stress via increasing reliance to the replication stress response. So whilst replication stress induces genomic instability and tumorigenesis, the replication stress response exhibits a unique cancer-specific vulnerability that can be targeted to induce catastrophic cell proliferation. Radiation therapy, most used in cancer treatment, induces a plethora of DNA lesions that affect DNA integrity and, in-turn, DNA replication. Owing to radiation dose limitations for specific organs and tumor tissue resistance, the therapeutic window is narrow. Thus, a means to eliminate or reduce tumor radioresistance is urgently needed. Current research trends have highlighted the potential of combining replication stress regulators with radiation therapy to capitalize on the high replication stress of tumors. Here, we review the current body of evidence regarding the role of replication stress in tumor progression and discuss potential means of enhancing tumor radiosensitivity by targeting the replication stress response. We offer new insights into the possibility of combining radiation therapy with replication stress drugs for clinical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuewen Zhang
- Cancer Center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Lei Wu
- Cancer Center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhao Wang
- Cancer Center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jinpeng Wang
- Cancer Center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Shrabasti Roychoudhury
- Division of Radiation and Genome Stability, Department of Radiation Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Bartlomiej Tomasik
- Department of Oncology and Radiotherapy, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Gang Wu
- Cancer Center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Institute of Radiation Oncology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Geng Wang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xinrui Rao
- Cancer Center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Institute of Radiation Oncology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- *Correspondence: Rui Zhou, ; Xinrui Rao,
| | - Rui Zhou
- Cancer Center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Institute of Radiation Oncology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- *Correspondence: Rui Zhou, ; Xinrui Rao,
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24
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Ding Z, Pan W, Xiao Y, Cheng B, Huang G, Chen J. Discovery of novel 7,8-dihydropteridine-6(5H)-one-based DNA-PK inhibitors as potential anticancer agents via scaffold hopping strategy. Eur J Med Chem 2022; 237:114401. [PMID: 35468512 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2022.114401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Revised: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 04/16/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
DNA-dependent protein kinase (DNA-PK) is an essential element in the DNA damage response (DDR) pathway and has been regarded as a druggable target for antineoplastic agents. Starting from AZD-7648, a potent DNA-PK inhibitor being investigated in phase II clinical trials for advanced cancer treatment, two series of DNA-PK inhibitors were rationally designed via scaffold hopping strategy, synthesized, and assessed for their biological activity. Most compounds exhibited potent biochemical activity on DNA-PK enzymatic assay with IC50 values below 300 nM. Among these compounds, DK1 showed the best DNA-PK-inhibitory potency (IC50 = 0.8 nM), slightly better than that of AZD-7648 (IC50 = 1.58 nM). Mode of action studies revealed that compound DK1 decreased the expression levels of γH2A.X and demonstrated synergistic antiproliferative activity against a series of cancer cell lines when used in combination with doxorubicin. Moreover, DK1 showed reasonable in vitro drug-like properties and favorable in vivo pharmacokinetics as an oral drug candidate. Importantly, the combination therapy of DK1 with DNA double-strand break (DSB)-inducing agent doxorubicin showed synergistic anticancer efficacy in the HL-60 xenograft model with a tumor growth inhibition (TGI) of 52.4% and 62.4% for tumor weight and tumor volume, respectively. In conclusion, DK1 is a novel DNA-PK inhibitor with great promise for further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zongbao Ding
- Department of Bioengineering, Zhuhai Campus of Zunyi Medical University, Zhuhai, 519041, PR China
| | - Wei Pan
- Department of Cardiology, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, South China University of Technology, Nanhai People's Hospital, Foshan, Guangdong, 528200, PR China
| | - Yao Xiao
- Wuchang Hospital Affiliated to Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan Wuchang Hospital, Wuchang, 430063, PR China
| | - Binbin Cheng
- School of Medicine, Hubei Polytechnic University, Hubei Key Laboratory for Kidney Disease Pathogenesis and Intervention, Huangshi, 435003, PR China
| | - Gang Huang
- Department of Hematology, Yuebei People's Hospital, Shantou University Medical College, Shaoguan, Guangdong, 51200, PR China
| | - Jianjun Chen
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, PR China
- Department of General Surgery & Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine for Gastrointestinal Tumor, Nanfang Hospital, The First School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510515, China
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Kiesel BF, Deppas JJ, Guo J, Parise RA, Clump DA, Bakkenist CJ, Beumer JH. Dose-dependent bioavailability, absorption-rate limited elimination, and tissue distribution of the ATR inhibitor BAY-1895344 (elimusertib) in mice. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 2022; 89:795-807. [PMID: 35507041 PMCID: PMC10082586 DOI: 10.1007/s00280-022-04436-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Ataxia Telangiectasia and Rad3-related (ATR) is a pivotal component of the DNA damage response and repair pathways that is activated in responses to cytotoxic cancer treatments. Several ATR inhibitors (ATRi) are in development that block the ATR mediated DNA repair and enhance the damage associated with cytotoxic therapy. BAY-1895344 (elimusertib) is an orally available ATRi with preclinical efficacy that is in clinical development. Little is known about the pharmacokinetics (PK) which is of interest, because tissue exposure and ATR inhibition may relate to toxicities or responses. METHODS To evaluate BAY-1895344 PK, a sensitive LC-MS/MS method was utilized for quantitation in mouse plasma and tissues. PK studies in mice were first conducted to determine dose linearity. In vivo metabolites were identified and analyzed semi-quantitatively. A compartmental PK model was developed to describe PK behavior. An extensive PK study was then conducted in tumor-bearing mice to quantitate tissue distribution for relevant tissues. RESULTS Dose linearity was observed from 1 to 10 mg/kg PO, while at 40 mg/kg PO bioavailability increased approximately fourfold due to saturation of first-pass metabolism, as suggested by metabolite analyses and a developed compartmental model. Longer half-lives in PO treated mice compared to IV treated mice indicated absorption-rate limited elimination. Tissue distribution varied but showed extensive distribution to bone marrow, brain, and spinal cord. CONCLUSIONS Complex PK behavior was limited to absorption processes which may not be recapitulated clinically. Tissue partition coefficients may be used to contrast ATR inhibitors with respect to their efficacy and toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian F Kiesel
- Cancer Therapeutics Program, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Room G27e, 5117 Centre Ave, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Joshua J Deppas
- Cancer Therapeutics Program, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Room G27e, 5117 Centre Ave, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Jianxia Guo
- Cancer Therapeutics Program, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Room G27e, 5117 Centre Ave, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - Robert A Parise
- Cancer Therapeutics Program, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Room G27e, 5117 Centre Ave, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - David A Clump
- Department of Radiation Oncology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Christopher J Bakkenist
- Department of Radiation Oncology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Jan H Beumer
- Cancer Therapeutics Program, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Room G27e, 5117 Centre Ave, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA.
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
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26
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Chen P, Bin H, Jiao Y, Lin G, Zhang Y, Xia A, Pan Z, Qiao J, Guo Y, Liu J, Zhou Y, Li L. Discovery of 6,7-dihydro-5H-pyrrolo[3,4-d] pyrimidine derivatives as a new class of ATR inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2022; 63:128651. [PMID: 35245663 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2022.128651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Revised: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 02/27/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Ataxia telangiectasia and Rad3-related (ATR) kinase is a key regulating protein within the DNA damage response (DDR), responsible for sensing replication stress (RS), and has been considered as a potential target for cancer therapy. Herein, we report the discovery of a series of 6,7-dihydro-5H-pyrrolo[3,4-d]-pyrimidine derivatives as a new class of ATR inhibitors. Among them, compound 5g exhibits an IC50 value of 0.007 μM against ATR kinase. In vitro, 5g displays good anti-tumor activity and could significantly reduce the phosphorylation level of ATR and its downstream signaling protein. Overall, this study provides a promising lead compound for subsequent drug discovery targeting ATR kinase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei Chen
- Key Laboratory of Drug Targeting and Drug Delivery System of Ministry of Education, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Huachao Bin
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Yan Jiao
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Guifeng Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Yun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China; Macular Disease Research Laboratory, Department of Ophthalmology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Anjie Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Zhilin Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Jingxin Qiao
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Yinping Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Jingming Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Yangli Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Linli Li
- Key Laboratory of Drug Targeting and Drug Delivery System of Ministry of Education, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Sichuan 610041, China.
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27
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Bin H, Chen P, Wu M, Wang F, Lin G, Pan S, Liu J, Mu B, Nan J, Huang Q, Li L, Yang S. Discovery of a potent and highly selective inhibitor of ataxia telangiectasia mutated and Rad3-Related (ATR) kinase: Structural activity relationship and antitumor activity both in vitro and in vivo. Eur J Med Chem 2022; 232:114187. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2022.114187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Revised: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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28
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Recent advances in DDR (DNA damage response) inhibitors for cancer therapy. Eur J Med Chem 2022; 230:114109. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2022.114109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Revised: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Choi W, Lee ES. Therapeutic Targeting of DNA Damage Response in Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23031701. [PMID: 35163621 PMCID: PMC8836062 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2021] [Revised: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 01/29/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
DNA damage response (DDR) is critical to ensure genome stability, and defects in this signaling pathway are highly associated with carcinogenesis and tumor progression. Nevertheless, this also provides therapeutic opportunities, as cells with defective DDR signaling are directed to rely on compensatory survival pathways, and these vulnerabilities have been exploited for anticancer treatments. Following the impressive success of PARP inhibitors in the treatment of BRCA-mutated breast and ovarian cancers, extensive research has been conducted toward the development of pharmacologic inhibitors of the key components of the DDR signaling pathway. In this review, we discuss the key elements of the DDR pathway and how these molecular components may serve as anticancer treatment targets. We also summarize the recent promising developments in the field of DDR pathway inhibitors, focusing on novel agents beyond PARP inhibitors. Furthermore, we discuss biomarker studies to identify target patients expected to derive maximal clinical benefits as well as combination strategies with other classes of anticancer agents to synergize and optimize the clinical benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wonyoung Choi
- Research Institute, National Cancer Center, Goyang 10408, Korea;
- Center for Clinical Trials, National Cancer Center, Goyang 10408, Korea
| | - Eun Sook Lee
- Research Institute, National Cancer Center, Goyang 10408, Korea;
- Center for Breast Cancer, National Cancer Center, Goyang 10408, Korea
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-31-920-1633
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30
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Botrugno OA, Tonon G. Genomic Instability and Replicative Stress in Multiple Myeloma: The Final Curtain? Cancers (Basel) 2021; 14:cancers14010025. [PMID: 35008191 PMCID: PMC8750813 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14010025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Revised: 12/18/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Genomic instability is recognized as a driving force in most cancers as well as in the haematological cancer multiple myeloma and remains among the leading cause of drug resistance. Several evidences suggest that replicative stress exerts a fundamental role in fuelling genomic instability. Notably, cancer cells rely on a single protein, ATR, to cope with the ensuing DNA damage. In this perspective, we provide an overview depicting how replicative stress represents an Achilles heel for multiple myeloma, which could be therapeutically exploited either alone or in combinatorial regimens to preferentially ablate tumor cells. Abstract Multiple Myeloma (MM) is a genetically complex and heterogeneous hematological cancer that remains incurable despite the introduction of novel therapies in the clinic. Sadly, despite efforts spanning several decades, genomic analysis has failed to identify shared genetic aberrations that could be targeted in this disease. Seeking alternative strategies, various efforts have attempted to target and exploit non-oncogene addictions of MM cells, including, for example, proteasome inhibitors. The surprising finding that MM cells present rampant genomic instability has ignited concerted efforts to understand its origin and exploit it for therapeutic purposes. A credible hypothesis, supported by several lines of evidence, suggests that at the root of this phenotype there is intense replicative stress. Here, we review the current understanding of the role of replicative stress in eliciting genomic instability in MM and how MM cells rely on a single protein, Ataxia Telangiectasia-mutated and Rad3-related protein, ATR, to control and survive the ensuing, potentially fatal DNA damage. From this perspective, replicative stress per se represents not only an opportunity for MM cells to increase their evolutionary pool by increasing their genomic heterogeneity, but also a vulnerability that could be leveraged for therapeutic purposes to selectively target MM tumor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oronza A. Botrugno
- Functional Genomics of Cancer Unit, Experimental Oncology Division, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy
- Correspondence: (O.A.B.); (G.T.); Tel.: +39-02-2643-6661 (O.A.B.); +39-02-2643-5624 (G.T.); Fax: +39-02-2643-6352 (O.A.B. & G.T.)
| | - Giovanni Tonon
- Functional Genomics of Cancer Unit, Experimental Oncology Division, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy
- Center for Omics Sciences, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy
- Correspondence: (O.A.B.); (G.T.); Tel.: +39-02-2643-6661 (O.A.B.); +39-02-2643-5624 (G.T.); Fax: +39-02-2643-6352 (O.A.B. & G.T.)
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31
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Li M, Zhang J, Zou Y, Zhou F, Zhang Z, Zhang W. Asymmetric hydrogenation for the synthesis of 2-substituted chiral morpholines. Chem Sci 2021; 12:15061-15066. [PMID: 34909146 PMCID: PMC8612400 DOI: 10.1039/d1sc04288b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Asymmetric hydrogenation of unsaturated morpholines has been developed by using a bisphosphine-rhodium catalyst bearing a large bite angle. With this approach, a variety of 2-substituted chiral morpholines could be obtained in quantitative yields and with excellent enantioselectivities (up to 99% ee). The hydrogenated products could be transformed into key intermediates for bioactive compounds. 2-Substituted chiral morpholines were synthesized via a newly developed asymmetric hydrogenation of dehydromorpholines catalyzed by a bisphosphine–rhodium complex bearing a large bite angle.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingxu Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Chiral Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University 800 Dongchuan Road Shanghai 200240 China
| | - Jian Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Chiral Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University 800 Dongchuan Road Shanghai 200240 China
| | - Yashi Zou
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Chiral Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University 800 Dongchuan Road Shanghai 200240 China
| | - Fengfan Zhou
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Chiral Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University 800 Dongchuan Road Shanghai 200240 China
| | - Zhenfeng Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Chiral Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University 800 Dongchuan Road Shanghai 200240 China
| | - Wanbin Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Chiral Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University 800 Dongchuan Road Shanghai 200240 China .,Frontier Science Center for Transformative Molecules, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University 800 Dongchuan Road Shanghai 200240 China
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Fedoseev SV, Ershov OE. Reaction of 4-Halo-3-hydroxyfuro[3,4-c]pyridin-1(3H)-ones with Morpholine and Thiomorpholine. RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY 2021. [DOI: 10.1134/s1070428021030234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Gorecki L, Andrs M, Korabecny J. Clinical Candidates Targeting the ATR-CHK1-WEE1 Axis in Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:795. [PMID: 33672884 PMCID: PMC7918546 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13040795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Revised: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 02/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Selective killing of cancer cells while sparing healthy ones is the principle of the perfect cancer treatment and the primary aim of many oncologists, molecular biologists, and medicinal chemists. To achieve this goal, it is crucial to understand the molecular mechanisms that distinguish cancer cells from healthy ones. Accordingly, several clinical candidates that use particular mutations in cell-cycle progressions have been developed to kill cancer cells. As the majority of cancer cells have defects in G1 control, targeting the subsequent intra‑S or G2/M checkpoints has also been extensively pursued. This review focuses on clinical candidates that target the kinases involved in intra‑S and G2/M checkpoints, namely, ATR, CHK1, and WEE1 inhibitors. It provides insight into their current status and future perspectives for anticancer treatment. Overall, even though CHK1 inhibitors are still far from clinical establishment, promising accomplishments with ATR and WEE1 inhibitors in phase II trials present a positive outlook for patient survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukas Gorecki
- Biomedical Research Center, University Hospital Hradec Kralove, Sokolska 581, 500 05 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic; (L.G.); (M.A.)
| | - Martin Andrs
- Biomedical Research Center, University Hospital Hradec Kralove, Sokolska 581, 500 05 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic; (L.G.); (M.A.)
- Laboratory of Cancer Cell Biology, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Videnska 1083, 142 00 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Korabecny
- Biomedical Research Center, University Hospital Hradec Kralove, Sokolska 581, 500 05 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic; (L.G.); (M.A.)
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Wengner AM, Scholz A, Haendler B. Targeting DNA Damage Response in Prostate and Breast Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E8273. [PMID: 33158305 PMCID: PMC7663807 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21218273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Revised: 10/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Steroid hormone signaling induces vast gene expression programs which necessitate the local formation of transcription factories at regulatory regions and large-scale alterations of the genome architecture to allow communication among distantly related cis-acting regions. This involves major stress at the genomic DNA level. Transcriptionally active regions are generally instable and prone to breakage due to the torsional stress and local depletion of nucleosomes that make DNA more accessible to damaging agents. A dedicated DNA damage response (DDR) is therefore essential to maintain genome integrity at these exposed regions. The DDR is a complex network involving DNA damage sensor proteins, such as the poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 (PARP-1), the DNA-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit (DNA-PKcs), the ataxia-telangiectasia-mutated (ATM) kinase and the ATM and Rad3-related (ATR) kinase, as central regulators. The tight interplay between the DDR and steroid hormone receptors has been unraveled recently. Several DNA repair factors interact with the androgen and estrogen receptors and support their transcriptional functions. Conversely, both receptors directly control the expression of agents involved in the DDR. Impaired DDR is also exploited by tumors to acquire advantageous mutations. Cancer cells often harbor germline or somatic alterations in DDR genes, and their association with disease outcome and treatment response led to intensive efforts towards identifying selective inhibitors targeting the major players in this process. The PARP-1 inhibitors are now approved for ovarian, breast, and prostate cancer with specific genomic alterations. Additional DDR-targeting agents are being evaluated in clinical studies either as single agents or in combination with treatments eliciting DNA damage (e.g., radiation therapy, including targeted radiotherapy, and chemotherapy) or addressing targets involved in maintenance of genome integrity. Recent preclinical and clinical findings made in addressing DNA repair dysfunction in hormone-dependent and -independent prostate and breast tumors are presented. Importantly, the combination of anti-hormonal therapy with DDR inhibition or with radiation has the potential to enhance efficacy but still needs further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Bernard Haendler
- Preclinical Research, Research & Development, Pharmaceuticals, Bayer AG, Müllerstr. 178, 13353 Berlin, Germany; (A.M.W.); (A.S.)
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