1
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Panayi MC, Shetty S, Porod M, Bahena L, Xi ZX, Newman AH, Schoenbaum G. The selective D 3Receptor antagonist VK4-116 reverses loss of insight caused by self-administration of cocaine in rats. Neuropsychopharmacology 2024:10.1038/s41386-024-01858-7. [PMID: 38582939 DOI: 10.1038/s41386-024-01858-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/08/2024]
Abstract
Chronic psychostimulant use causes long-lasting changes to neural and cognitive function that persist after long periods of abstinence. As cocaine users transition from drug use to abstinence, a parallel transition from hyperactivity to hypoactivity has been found in orbitofrontal-striatal glucose metabolism and striatal D2/D3-receptor activity. Targeting these changes pharmacologically, using highly selective dopamine D3-receptor (D3R) antagonists and partial agonists, has shown promise in reducing drug-taking, and attenuating relapse in animal models of cocaine and opioid use disorder. However, much less attention has been paid to treating the loss of insight, operationalized as the inability to infer likely outcomes, associated with chronic psychostimulant use. Here we tested the selective D3R antagonist VK4-116 as a treatment for this loss in rats with a prior history of cocaine use. Male and female rats were first trained to self-administer cocaine or a sucrose liquid for 2 weeks. After 4 weeks of abstinence, performance was assessed using a sensory preconditioning (SPC) learning paradigm. Rats were given VK4-116 (15 mg/kg, i.p.) or vehicle 30 min prior to each SPC training session, thus creating four drug-treatment groups: sucrose-vehicle, sucrose-VK4-116, cocaine-vehicle, cocaine-VK4-116. The control groups (sucrose-vehicle, sucrose-VK4-116) showed normal sensory preconditioning, whereas cocaine use (cocaine-vehicle) selectively disrupted responding to the preconditioned cue, an effect that was reversed in the cocaine-VK4-116 group, which demonstrating responding to the preconditioned cue at levels comparable to controls. These preclinical findings demonstrate that highly selective dopamine D3R antagonists, particularly VK4-116, can reverse the long-term negative behavioral consequences of cocaine use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marios C Panayi
- National Institute on Drug Abuse Intramural Research Program, 251 Bayview Boulevard, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA.
| | - Shohan Shetty
- National Institute on Drug Abuse Intramural Research Program, 251 Bayview Boulevard, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA
| | - Micaela Porod
- National Institute on Drug Abuse Intramural Research Program, 251 Bayview Boulevard, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA
| | - Lisette Bahena
- National Institute on Drug Abuse Intramural Research Program, 251 Bayview Boulevard, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA
| | - Zheng-Xiong Xi
- National Institute on Drug Abuse Intramural Research Program, 251 Bayview Boulevard, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA
| | - Amy Hauck Newman
- National Institute on Drug Abuse Intramural Research Program, 251 Bayview Boulevard, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA
| | - Geoffrey Schoenbaum
- National Institute on Drug Abuse Intramural Research Program, 251 Bayview Boulevard, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA.
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2
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Hu RR, Yang MD, Ding XY, Wu N, Li J, Song R. Blockade of the Dopamine D 3 Receptor Attenuates Opioids-Induced Addictive Behaviours Associated with Inhibiting the Mesolimbic Dopamine System. Neurosci Bull 2023; 39:1655-1668. [PMID: 37040055 PMCID: PMC10603017 DOI: 10.1007/s12264-023-01059-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 04/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Opioid use disorder (OUD) has become a considerable global public health challenge; however, potential medications for the management of OUD that are effective, safe, and nonaddictive are not available. Accumulating preclinical evidence indicates that antagonists of the dopamine D3 receptor (D3R) have effects on addiction in different animal models. We have previously reported that YQA14, a D3R antagonist, exhibits very high affinity and selectivity for D3Rs over D2Rs, and is able to inhibit cocaine- or methamphetamine-induced reinforcement and reinstatement in self-administration tests. In the present study, our results illustrated that YQA14 dose-dependently reduced infusions under the fixed-ratio 2 procedure and lowered the breakpoint under the progressive-ratio procedure in heroin self-administered rats, also attenuated heroin-induced reinstatement of drug-seeking behavior. On the other hand, YQA14 not only reduced morphine-induced expression of conditioned place preference but also facilitated the extinguishing process in mice. Moreover, we elucidated that YQA14 attenuated opioid-induced reward or reinforcement mainly by inhibiting morphine-induced up-regulation of dopaminergic neuron activity in the ventral tegmental area and decreasing dopamine release in the nucleus accumbens with a fiber photometry recording system. These findings suggest that D3R might play a very important role in opioid addiction, and YQA14 may have pharmacotherapeutic potential in attenuating opioid-induced addictive behaviors dependent on the dopamine system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong-Rong Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Key Laboratory of Neuropsychopharmacology, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing, 100850, China
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Hainan Hospital of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Sanya, 572013, China
| | - Meng-Die Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Key Laboratory of Neuropsychopharmacology, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing, 100850, China
| | - Xiao-Yan Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Key Laboratory of Neuropsychopharmacology, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing, 100850, China
| | - Ning Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Key Laboratory of Neuropsychopharmacology, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing, 100850, China
| | - Jin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Key Laboratory of Neuropsychopharmacology, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing, 100850, China.
| | - Rui Song
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Key Laboratory of Neuropsychopharmacology, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing, 100850, China.
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3
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Boateng CA, Nilson AN, Placide R, Pham ML, Jakobs FM, Boldizsar N, McIntosh S, Stallings LS, Korankyi IV, Kelshikar S, Shah N, Panasis D, Muccilli A, Ladik M, Maslonka B, McBride C, Sanchez MX, Akca E, Alkhatib M, Saez J, Nguyen C, Kurtyan E, DePierro J, Crowthers R, Brunt D, Bonifazi A, Newman AH, Rais R, Slusher BS, Free RB, Sibley DR, Stewart KD, Wu C, Hemby SE, Keck TM. Pharmacology and Therapeutic Potential of Benzothiazole Analogues for Cocaine Use Disorder. J Med Chem 2023; 66:12141-12162. [PMID: 37646374 PMCID: PMC10510399 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.3c00734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
Pharmacological targeting of the dopamine D4 receptor (D4R)─expressed in brain regions that control cognition, attention, and decision-making─could be useful for several neuropsychiatric disorders including substance use disorders (SUDs). This study focused on the synthesis and evaluation of a novel series of benzothiazole analogues designed to target D4R. We identified several compounds with high D4R binding affinity (Ki ≤ 6.9 nM) and >91-fold selectivity over other D2-like receptors (D2R, D3R) with diverse partial agonist and antagonist profiles. Novel analogue 16f is a potent low-efficacy D4R partial agonist, metabolically stable in rat and human liver microsomes, and has excellent brain penetration in rats (AUCbrain/plasma > 3). 16f (5-30 mg/kg, i.p.) dose-dependently decreased iv cocaine self-administration in rats, consistent with previous results produced by D4R-selective antagonists. Off-target antagonism of 5-HT2A or 5-HT2B may also contribute to these effects. Results with 16f support further efforts to target D4R in SUD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Comfort A. Boateng
- Department
of Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fred Wilson School of Pharmacy, High Point University, One University Parkway, High Point, North Carolina 27268, United States
| | - Ashley N. Nilson
- Molecular
Neuropharmacology Section, National Institute of Neurological Disorders
and Stroke-Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
| | - Rebekah Placide
- Department
of Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fred Wilson School of Pharmacy, High Point University, One University Parkway, High Point, North Carolina 27268, United States
| | - Mimi L. Pham
- Department
of Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fred Wilson School of Pharmacy, High Point University, One University Parkway, High Point, North Carolina 27268, United States
| | - Franziska M. Jakobs
- Department
of Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fred Wilson School of Pharmacy, High Point University, One University Parkway, High Point, North Carolina 27268, United States
| | - Noelia Boldizsar
- Molecular
Neuropharmacology Section, National Institute of Neurological Disorders
and Stroke-Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
| | - Scot McIntosh
- Department
of Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fred Wilson School of Pharmacy, High Point University, One University Parkway, High Point, North Carolina 27268, United States
| | - Leia S. Stallings
- Department
of Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fred Wilson School of Pharmacy, High Point University, One University Parkway, High Point, North Carolina 27268, United States
| | - Ivana V. Korankyi
- Department
of Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fred Wilson School of Pharmacy, High Point University, One University Parkway, High Point, North Carolina 27268, United States
| | - Shreya Kelshikar
- Department
of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Department of Biological & Biomedical
Sciences, College of Science and Mathematics, Rowan University, 201 Mullica Hill Road, Glassboro, New Jersey 08028, United States
| | - Nisha Shah
- Department
of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Department of Biological & Biomedical
Sciences, College of Science and Mathematics, Rowan University, 201 Mullica Hill Road, Glassboro, New Jersey 08028, United States
| | - Diandra Panasis
- Department
of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Department of Biological & Biomedical
Sciences, College of Science and Mathematics, Rowan University, 201 Mullica Hill Road, Glassboro, New Jersey 08028, United States
| | - Abigail Muccilli
- Department
of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Department of Biological & Biomedical
Sciences, College of Science and Mathematics, Rowan University, 201 Mullica Hill Road, Glassboro, New Jersey 08028, United States
| | - Maria Ladik
- Department
of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Department of Biological & Biomedical
Sciences, College of Science and Mathematics, Rowan University, 201 Mullica Hill Road, Glassboro, New Jersey 08028, United States
| | - Brianna Maslonka
- Department
of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Department of Biological & Biomedical
Sciences, College of Science and Mathematics, Rowan University, 201 Mullica Hill Road, Glassboro, New Jersey 08028, United States
| | - Connor McBride
- Department
of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Department of Biological & Biomedical
Sciences, College of Science and Mathematics, Rowan University, 201 Mullica Hill Road, Glassboro, New Jersey 08028, United States
| | - Moises Ximello Sanchez
- Department
of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Department of Biological & Biomedical
Sciences, College of Science and Mathematics, Rowan University, 201 Mullica Hill Road, Glassboro, New Jersey 08028, United States
| | - Ebrar Akca
- Department
of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Department of Biological & Biomedical
Sciences, College of Science and Mathematics, Rowan University, 201 Mullica Hill Road, Glassboro, New Jersey 08028, United States
| | - Mohammad Alkhatib
- Department
of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Department of Biological & Biomedical
Sciences, College of Science and Mathematics, Rowan University, 201 Mullica Hill Road, Glassboro, New Jersey 08028, United States
| | - Julianna Saez
- Department
of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Department of Biological & Biomedical
Sciences, College of Science and Mathematics, Rowan University, 201 Mullica Hill Road, Glassboro, New Jersey 08028, United States
| | - Catherine Nguyen
- Department
of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Department of Biological & Biomedical
Sciences, College of Science and Mathematics, Rowan University, 201 Mullica Hill Road, Glassboro, New Jersey 08028, United States
| | - Emily Kurtyan
- Department
of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Department of Biological & Biomedical
Sciences, College of Science and Mathematics, Rowan University, 201 Mullica Hill Road, Glassboro, New Jersey 08028, United States
| | - Jacquelyn DePierro
- Department
of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Department of Biological & Biomedical
Sciences, College of Science and Mathematics, Rowan University, 201 Mullica Hill Road, Glassboro, New Jersey 08028, United States
| | - Raymond Crowthers
- Department
of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Department of Biological & Biomedical
Sciences, College of Science and Mathematics, Rowan University, 201 Mullica Hill Road, Glassboro, New Jersey 08028, United States
| | - Dylan Brunt
- Department
of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Department of Biological & Biomedical
Sciences, College of Science and Mathematics, Rowan University, 201 Mullica Hill Road, Glassboro, New Jersey 08028, United States
| | - Alessandro Bonifazi
- Medicinal
Chemistry Section, Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch,
National Institute on Drug Abuse-Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, 333 Cassell Drive, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, United States
| | - Amy Hauck Newman
- Medicinal
Chemistry Section, Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch,
National Institute on Drug Abuse-Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, 333 Cassell Drive, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, United States
| | - Rana Rais
- Department
of Neurology, Johns Hopkins Drug Discovery, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 855 North Wolfe Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, United States
| | - Barbara S. Slusher
- Department
of Neurology, Johns Hopkins Drug Discovery, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 855 North Wolfe Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, United States
| | - R. Benjamin Free
- Molecular
Neuropharmacology Section, National Institute of Neurological Disorders
and Stroke-Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
| | - David R. Sibley
- Molecular
Neuropharmacology Section, National Institute of Neurological Disorders
and Stroke-Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
| | - Kent D. Stewart
- Department
of Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fred Wilson School of Pharmacy, High Point University, One University Parkway, High Point, North Carolina 27268, United States
| | - Chun Wu
- Department
of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Department of Biological & Biomedical
Sciences, College of Science and Mathematics, Rowan University, 201 Mullica Hill Road, Glassboro, New Jersey 08028, United States
| | - Scott E. Hemby
- Department
of Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fred Wilson School of Pharmacy, High Point University, One University Parkway, High Point, North Carolina 27268, United States
| | - Thomas M. Keck
- Department
of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Department of Biological & Biomedical
Sciences, College of Science and Mathematics, Rowan University, 201 Mullica Hill Road, Glassboro, New Jersey 08028, United States
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4
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Panayi MC, Shetty S, Porod M, Bahena L, Xi ZX, Newman AH, Schoenbaum G. The selective D3-Receptor antagonist VK4-116 effectively treats behavioral inflexibility in rats caused by self-administration and withdrawal from cocaine. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.09.03.556083. [PMID: 37732238 PMCID: PMC10508727 DOI: 10.1101/2023.09.03.556083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/22/2023]
Abstract
Chronic psychostimulant use can cause long lasting changes to neural and cognitive function that persist even after long periods of abstinence. As cocaine users transition from drug use to abstinence, a parallel transition from hyperactivity to hypoactivity has been found in orbitofrontal-striatal glucose metabolism, and striatal D2/D3 receptor activity. Targeting these changes pharmacologically, using highly selective dopamine D3 receptor (D3R) antagonists and partial agonists, has shown significant promise in reducing drug-taking, and attenuating relapse in animal models of cocaine and opioid use disorder. However, much less attention has been focused on treating inflexible and potentially maladaptive non-drug behaviors following chronic psychostimulant use. Here we tested the selective D3R antagonist VK4-116 as a treatment for the long-term behavioral inflexibility in abstinent male and female rats with a prior history of chronic cocaine use. Rats were first trained to self-administer cocaine (0.75 mg/kg/reinforcer) or a sucrose liquid (10%, .04 mL/reinforcer) for 2 weeks (FR1 schedule, max 60 reinforcers in 3 hrs/ day), followed by 4 weeks of abstinence. Cognitive and behavioral flexibilities were then assessed using a sensory preconditioning (SPC) learning paradigm. Rats were given an VK4-116 (15 mg/kg, i.p.) or vehicle 30 mins prior to each SPC training session, thus creating four drug-treatment groups: sucrose-vehicle, sucrose-VK4-116, cocaine-vehicle, cocaine-VK4-116. The control groups (sucrose-vehicle, sucrose-VK4-116) demonstrated significant evidence of flexible SPC behavior, whereas cocaine use (cocaine-vehicle) disrupted SPC behavior. Remarkably, the D3R antagonist VK4-116 mitigated this cocaine deficit in the cocaine-VK4-116 group, demonstrating flexible SPC to levels comparable to the control groups. These preclinical findings demonstrate that highly selective dopamine D3R antagonists, particularly VK4-116, show significant promise as a pharmacological treatment for the long-term negative behavioral consequences of cocaine use disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marios C Panayi
- National Institute on Drug Abuse Intramural Research Program, 251 Bayview Boulevard, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Shohan Shetty
- National Institute on Drug Abuse Intramural Research Program, 251 Bayview Boulevard, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Micaela Porod
- National Institute on Drug Abuse Intramural Research Program, 251 Bayview Boulevard, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Lisette Bahena
- National Institute on Drug Abuse Intramural Research Program, 251 Bayview Boulevard, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Zheng-Xiong Xi
- National Institute on Drug Abuse Intramural Research Program, 251 Bayview Boulevard, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Amy Hauck Newman
- National Institute on Drug Abuse Intramural Research Program, 251 Bayview Boulevard, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Geoffrey Schoenbaum
- National Institute on Drug Abuse Intramural Research Program, 251 Bayview Boulevard, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
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5
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Franco-García A, Guerrero-Bautista R, Hidalgo JM, Gómez-Murcia V, Milanés MV, Núñez C. Dopamine D3 Receptor Modulates Akt/mTOR and ERK 1/2 Pathways Differently during the Reinstatement of Cocaine-Seeking Behavior Induced by Psychological versus Physiological Stress. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:11214. [PMID: 37446391 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241311214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Revised: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Stress triggers relapses in cocaine use that engage the activity of memory-related nuclei, such as the basolateral amygdala (BLA) and dentate gyrus (DG). Preclinical research suggests that D3 receptor (D3R) antagonists may be a promising means to attenuate cocaine reward and relapse. As D3R regulates the activity of the Akt/mTOR and MEK/ERK1/2 pathways, we assessed the effects of SB-277011-A, a D3R antagonist, on the activity of these kinases during the reinstatement of cocaine-induced conditioned place preference (CPP) induced by psychological (restraint) and physiological (tail pinch) stress. Both stimuli reactivated an extinguished cocaine-CPP, but only restrained animals decreased their locomotor activity during reinstatement. Cocaine-seeking behavior reactivation was correlated with decreased p-Akt, p-mTOR, and p-ERK1/2 activation in both nuclei of restrained animals. While a D3R blockade prevented stress-induced CPP reinstatement and plasma corticosterone enhancement, SB-277011-A distinctly modulated Akt, mTOR, and ERK1/2 activation depending on the stressor and the dose used. Our data support the involvement of corticosterone in the SB-277011-A effects in restrained animals. Additionally, the ratios p-mTOR/mTOR and/or p-ERK1/2 /ERK1/2 in the BLA during stress-induced relapse seem to be related to the locomotor activity of animals receiving 48 mg/kg of the antagonist. Hence, our study indicates the D3R antagonist's efficacy to prevent stress-induced relapses in drug use through distinct modulation of Akt/mTOR and MEK/ERK1/2 pathways in memory-processing nuclei.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurelio Franco-García
- Group of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, CEIR Campus Mare Nostrum, University of Murcia, 30120 Murcia, Spain
- Instituto Murciano de Investigación Biosanitaria (IMIB) Pascual Parrilla, 30120 Murcia, Spain
| | - Rocío Guerrero-Bautista
- Group of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, CEIR Campus Mare Nostrum, University of Murcia, 30120 Murcia, Spain
- Instituto Murciano de Investigación Biosanitaria (IMIB) Pascual Parrilla, 30120 Murcia, Spain
| | - Juana María Hidalgo
- Group of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, CEIR Campus Mare Nostrum, University of Murcia, 30120 Murcia, Spain
- Instituto Murciano de Investigación Biosanitaria (IMIB) Pascual Parrilla, 30120 Murcia, Spain
| | - Victoria Gómez-Murcia
- Group of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, CEIR Campus Mare Nostrum, University of Murcia, 30120 Murcia, Spain
- Instituto Murciano de Investigación Biosanitaria (IMIB) Pascual Parrilla, 30120 Murcia, Spain
| | - María Victoria Milanés
- Group of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, CEIR Campus Mare Nostrum, University of Murcia, 30120 Murcia, Spain
- Instituto Murciano de Investigación Biosanitaria (IMIB) Pascual Parrilla, 30120 Murcia, Spain
| | - Cristina Núñez
- Group of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, CEIR Campus Mare Nostrum, University of Murcia, 30120 Murcia, Spain
- Instituto Murciano de Investigación Biosanitaria (IMIB) Pascual Parrilla, 30120 Murcia, Spain
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6
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Juza R, Musilek K, Mezeiova E, Soukup O, Korabecny J. Recent advances in dopamine D 2 receptor ligands in the treatment of neuropsychiatric disorders. Med Res Rev 2023; 43:55-211. [PMID: 36111795 DOI: 10.1002/med.21923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Revised: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Dopamine is a biologically active amine synthesized in the central and peripheral nervous system. This biogenic monoamine acts by activating five types of dopamine receptors (D1-5 Rs), which belong to the G protein-coupled receptor family. Antagonists and partial agonists of D2 Rs are used to treat schizophrenia, Parkinson's disease, depression, and anxiety. The typical pharmacophore with high D2 R affinity comprises four main areas, namely aromatic moiety, cyclic amine, central linker and aromatic/heteroaromatic lipophilic fragment. From the literature reviewed herein, we can conclude that 4-(2,3-dichlorophenyl), 4-(2-methoxyphenyl)-, 4-(benzo[b]thiophen-4-yl)-1-substituted piperazine, and 4-(6-fluorobenzo[d]isoxazol-3-yl)piperidine moieties are critical for high D2 R affinity. Four to six atoms chains are optimal for D2 R affinity with 4-butoxyl as the most pronounced one. The bicyclic aromatic/heteroaromatic systems are most frequently occurring as lipophilic appendages to retain high D2 R affinity. In this review, we provide a thorough overview of the therapeutic potential of D2 R modulators in the treatment of the aforementioned disorders. In addition, this review summarizes current knowledge about these diseases, with a focus on the dopaminergic pathway underlying these pathologies. Major attention is paid to the structure, function, and pharmacology of novel D2 R ligands, which have been developed in the last decade (2010-2021), and belong to the 1,4-disubstituted aromatic cyclic amine group. Due to the abundance of data, allosteric D2 R ligands and D2 R modulators from patents are not discussed in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Radomir Juza
- Experimental Neurobiology, National Institute of Mental Health, Klecany, Czech Republic.,Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Kralove, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Kamil Musilek
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Kralove, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic.,Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Hradec Kralove, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Eva Mezeiova
- Experimental Neurobiology, National Institute of Mental Health, Klecany, Czech Republic.,Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Hradec Kralove, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Ondrej Soukup
- Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Hradec Kralove, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Korabecny
- Experimental Neurobiology, National Institute of Mental Health, Klecany, Czech Republic.,Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Hradec Kralove, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
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7
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A highly D 3R-selective and efficacious partial agonist (S)-ABS01-113 compared to its D 3R-selective antagonist enantiomer (R)-ABS01-113 as potential treatments for opioid use disorder. Neuropsychopharmacology 2022; 47:2309-2318. [PMID: 35879349 PMCID: PMC9309443 DOI: 10.1038/s41386-022-01379-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Revised: 06/05/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The non-medical use of opioids has become a national crisis in the USA. Developing non-opioid pharmacotherapies for controlling this opioid epidemic is urgent. Dopamine D3 receptor (D3R) antagonists and low efficacy partial agonists have shown promising profiles in animal models of opioid use disorders (OUD). However, to date, advancement to human studies has been limited. Here we report the effects of (S)- and (R)-enantiomers of (±)-ABS01-113, structural analogs of the D3R partial agonist, (±)-VK4-40, in which the 3-OH in the linking chain is replaced by 3-F group. (S)- and (R)-ABS01-113 are identical in chemical structure but with opposite chirality. In vitro receptor binding and functional assays indicate that (S)-ABS01-113 is an efficacious (55%) and potent (EC50 = 7.6 ± 3.9 nM) D3R partial agonist, while the (R)-enantiomer is a potent D3R antagonist (IC50 = 11.4 nM). Both (S)- and (R)-ABS01-113 bind with high affinity to D3R (Ki = 0.84 ± 0.16 and 0.37 ± 0.06 nM, respectively); however, the (S)-enantiomer is more D3/D2-selective (>1000-fold). Pharmacokinetic analyses indicate that both enantiomers display excellent oral bioavailability and high brain penetration. Systemic administration of (S)- or (R)-ABS01-113 alone failed to alter open-field locomotion in male rats and mice. Interestingly, pretreatment with (S)- or (R)-ABS01-113 attenuated heroin-enhanced hyperactivity, heroin self-administration, and (heroin + cue)-induced reinstatement of drug-seeking behavior. Together, these findings reveal that both enantiomers, particularly the highly selective and efficacious D3R partial agonist (S)-ABS01-113, demonstrate promising translational potential for the treatment of OUD.
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8
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Design, Synthesis and Pharmacological Evaluation of Novel Conformationally Restricted N-arylpiperazine Derivatives Characterized as D 2/D 3 Receptor Ligands, Candidates for the Treatment of Neurodegenerative Diseases. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12081112. [PMID: 36009006 PMCID: PMC9405847 DOI: 10.3390/biom12081112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Revised: 08/07/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Most neurodegenerative diseases are multifactorial, and the discovery of several molecular mechanisms related to their pathogenesis is constantly advancing. Dopamine and dopaminergic receptor subtypes are involved in the pathophysiology of several neurological disorders, such as schizophrenia, depression and drug addiction. For this reason, the dopaminergic system and dopamine receptor ligands play a key role in the treatment of such disorders. In this context, a novel series of conformationally restricted N-arylpiperazine derivatives (5a–f) with a good affinity for D2/D3 dopamine receptors is reported herein. Compounds were designed as interphenylene analogs of the drugs aripiprazole (2) and cariprazine (3), presenting a 1,3-benzodioxolyl subunit as a ligand of the secondary binding site of these receptors. The six new N-arylpiperazine compounds were synthesized in good yields by using classical methodologies, and binding and guanosine triphosphate (GTP)-shift studies were performed. Affinity values below 1 μM for both target receptors and distinct profiles of intrinsic efficacy were found. Docking studies revealed that Compounds 5a–f present a different binding mode with dopamine D2 and D3 receptors, mainly as a consequence of the conformational restriction imposed on the flexible spacer groups of 2 and 3.
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9
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Grillo W, Boateng CA, Brady LJ, Gaudier-Diaz MM, Mitchell KA, Ruffin VA, Tejdeda HA, Marshall SA. Reflections of six neuroscientists: The influences of training at minority serving institutions. J Neurosci Res 2022; 100:1529-1537. [PMID: 33527411 PMCID: PMC9942539 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.24796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2020] [Accepted: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wendy Grillo
- Department of Biological & Biomedical Sciences, North Carolina Central University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Comfort A. Boateng
- Department of Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fred Wilson School of Pharmacy, High Point University, NC, USA
| | - Lillian J. Brady
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt Center for Addiction Research, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Monica M. Gaudier-Diaz
- Department of Psychology & Neuroscience, University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Kerry-Ann Mitchell
- Department of Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Vernon A. Ruffin
- Department of Natural Sciences, Virginia Union University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Hugo A. Tejdeda
- Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse, US National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - S. Alex Marshall
- Department of Biological & Biomedical Sciences, North Carolina Central University, Durham, NC, USA,Department of Psychology & Neuroscience, University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, NC, USA
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10
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Battiti FO, Zaidi SA, Katritch V, Newman AH, Bonifazi A. Chiral Cyclic Aliphatic Linkers as Building Blocks for Selective Dopamine D 2 or D 3 Receptor Agonists. J Med Chem 2021; 64:16088-16105. [PMID: 34699207 PMCID: PMC11091832 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.1c01433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Linkers are emerging as a key component in regulating the pharmacology of bitopic ligands directed toward G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs). In this study, the role of regio- and stereochemistry in cyclic aliphatic linkers tethering well-characterized primary and secondary pharmacophores targeting dopamine D2 and D3 receptor subtypes (D2R and D3R, respectively) is described. We introduce several potent and selective D2R (rel-trans-16b; D2R Ki = 4.58 nM) and D3R (rel-cis-14a; D3R Ki = 5.72 nM) agonists while modulating subtype selectivity in a stereospecific fashion, transferring D2R selectivity toward D3R via inversion of the stereochemistry around these cyclic aliphatic linkers [e.g., (-)-(1S,2R)-43 and (+)-(1R,2S)-42]. Pharmacological observations were supported with extensive molecular docking studies. Thus, not only is it an innovative approach to modulate the pharmacology of dopaminergic ligands described, but a new class of optically active cyclic linkers are also introduced, which can be used to expand the bitopic drug design approach toward other GPCRs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco O. Battiti
- Medicinal Chemistry Section, Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse – Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, 333 Cassell Drive, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, United States
| | - Saheem A. Zaidi
- Medicinal Chemistry Section, Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse – Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, 333 Cassell Drive, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, United States
- Department of Chemistry, Bridge Institute, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, United States
| | - Vsevolod Katritch
- Medicinal Chemistry Section, Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse – Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, 333 Cassell Drive, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, United States
- Department of Chemistry, Bridge Institute, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, United States
| | - Amy Hauck Newman
- Medicinal Chemistry Section, Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse – Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, 333 Cassell Drive, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, United States
| | - Alessandro Bonifazi
- Medicinal Chemistry Section, Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse – Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, 333 Cassell Drive, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, United States
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11
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Botz-Zapp CA, Foster SL, Pulley DM, Hempel B, Bi GH, Xi ZX, Newman AH, Weinshenker D, Manvich DF. Effects of the selective dopamine D 3 receptor antagonist PG01037 on morphine-induced hyperactivity and antinociception in mice. Behav Brain Res 2021; 415:113506. [PMID: 34352292 PMCID: PMC8403645 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2021.113506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Revised: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Recent preclinical studies have reported that pretreatment with the novel and highly-selective dopamine D3 receptor (D3R) antagonists R-VK4-40 or VK4-116 attenuates the abuse-related behavioral effects of oxycodone while enhancing its analgesic properties. However, whether these observed effects are generalizable to the broad class of D3R antagonists and/or extend to opioids other than oxycodone has not been extensively explored. The present study sought to assess the impact of pretreatment with another selective D3R antagonist, PG01037, on several behavioral effects of morphine in mice. C57Bl/6 J mice were pretreated with PG01037 (0-10 mg/kg) and tested for 1) hyperlocomotion induced by acute morphine (5.6-56 mg/kg), 2) locomotor sensitization following repeated morphine (56 mg/kg), 3) antinociception following acute morphine (18 mg/kg), and 4) catalepsy following administration of PG01037 alone or in combination with morphine (56 mg/kg). PG01037 dose-dependently attenuated morphine-induced hyperlocomotion and morphine-induced antinociception at doses that did not alter basal locomotion or nociception alone, but did not prevent the induction of locomotor sensitization following repeated morphine administration. Moreover, PG01037 did not induce catalepsy either alone or in combination with morphine. These results suggest that attenuation of acute opioid-induced hyperactivity may be a behavioral effect shared among D3R-selective antagonists, thus supporting continued investigations into their use as potential treatments for opioid use disorder. However, PG01037 is unlike newer, highly-selective D3R antagonists in its capacity to reduce opioid-induced antinociception, indicating that modulation of opioid analgesia may vary across different D3R antagonists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian A. Botz-Zapp
- Department of Human Genetics, Emory University School of Medicine, 615 Michael Street, Suite 301, Atlanta, GA, USA 30322
| | - Stephanie L. Foster
- Department of Human Genetics, Emory University School of Medicine, 615 Michael Street, Suite 301, Atlanta, GA, USA 30322
| | - Desta M. Pulley
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Rowan University School of Osteopathic Medicine, 2 Medical Center Drive, Stratford, NJ, 08084, USA
| | - Briana Hempel
- Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse-Intramural Research Program, NIH, DHHS, 333 Cassell Drive, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA 21224
| | - Guo-Hua Bi
- Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse-Intramural Research Program, NIH, DHHS, 333 Cassell Drive, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA 21224
| | - Zheng-Xiong Xi
- Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse-Intramural Research Program, NIH, DHHS, 333 Cassell Drive, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA 21224
| | - Amy Hauck Newman
- Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse-Intramural Research Program, NIH, DHHS, 333 Cassell Drive, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA 21224
| | - David Weinshenker
- Department of Human Genetics, Emory University School of Medicine, 615 Michael Street, Suite 301, Atlanta, GA, USA 30322
| | - Daniel F. Manvich
- Department of Human Genetics, Emory University School of Medicine, 615 Michael Street, Suite 301, Atlanta, GA, USA 30322,Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Rowan University School of Osteopathic Medicine, 2 Medical Center Drive, Stratford, NJ, 08084, USA
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12
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Ewing ST, Dorcely C, Maidi R, Paker G, Schelbaum E, Ranaldi R. Low-dose polypharmacology targeting dopamine D1 and D3 receptors reduces cue-induced relapse to heroin seeking in rats. Addict Biol 2021; 26:e12988. [PMID: 33496050 DOI: 10.1111/adb.12988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Revised: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Chemical compounds that target dopamine (DA) D1 or D3 receptors have shown promise as potential interventions in animal models of cue-induced relapse. However, undesirable side effects or pharmacodynamic profiles have limited the advancement of new compounds in preclinical studies when administered as independent treatments. In this series of experiments, we explored the effects of coadministration of a D1-receptor partial agonist (SKF 77434) and a D3-receptor antagonist (NGB 2904) in heroin-seeking rats within a "conflict" model of abstinence and cue-induced relapse. Rats were first trained to press a lever to self-administer heroin, and drug delivery was paired contingently with cues (e.g., light and pump noise). Self-initiated abstinence was facilitated by applying electrical current to the flooring in front of the levers. Lastly, a relapse response was provoked by noncontingent presentation of conditioned cues. Prior to provocation, rats received a systemic injection of SKF 77434, NGB 2904, or a combination of both compounds to assess treatment effects on lever pressing. Results indicated that the coadministration of low (i.e., independently ineffective) doses of both compounds was more effective in reducing cue-induced relapse to heroin seeking than either compound alone, with some evidence of drug synergism. Follow-up studies indicated that this reduction was not due to motoric impairment nor enhanced sensitivity to the electrified flooring and that this treatment did not significantly affect motivation for food. Implications for the treatment of opiate use disorder and recommendations for further research are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott T. Ewing
- Psychology Department Queens College of the City University of New York Flushing New York USA
| | - Chris Dorcely
- Psychology Department Queens College of the City University of New York Flushing New York USA
| | - Rivka Maidi
- Psychology Department Queens College of the City University of New York Flushing New York USA
| | - Gulsah Paker
- Psychology Department Queens College of the City University of New York Flushing New York USA
| | - Eva Schelbaum
- Psychology Department Queens College of the City University of New York Flushing New York USA
| | - Robert Ranaldi
- Psychology Department Queens College of the City University of New York Flushing New York USA
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13
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Umukoro NN, Aruldhas BW, Rossos R, Pawale D, Renschler JS, Sadhasivam S. Pharmacogenomics of oxycodone: a narrative literature review. Pharmacogenomics 2021; 22:275-290. [PMID: 33728947 DOI: 10.2217/pgs-2020-0143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxycodone is a semisynthetic μ- and κ-opioid receptor with agonist with a broad scope of use including postoperative analgesia as well as control of neuropathic and cancer pain. Advantages over other opioids include prolonged duration of action, greater potency than morphine and lack of histamine release or ceiling effect. Individual responses to oxycodone can vary due to genetic differences. This review article aims to summarize the oxycodone literature and provide context on its pharmacogenomics and pharmacokinetics. The evidence for clinical effect of genetic polymorphisms on oxycodone is conflicting. There is stronger evidence linking polymorphic genetic enzymes CYP2D6 and CYP3A with therapeutic outcomes. Further, research is needed to discern all of oxycodone's metabolites and their contribution to the overall analgesic effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nelly N Umukoro
- Department of Anesthesia, Riley Hospital for Children at Indiana University Health, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Blessed W Aruldhas
- Department of Anesthesia, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA.,Department of Medicine, Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA.,Department of Pharmacology & Clinical Pharmacology, Christian Medical College, Vellore, India
| | - Ryan Rossos
- Department of Anesthesia, Riley Hospital for Children at Indiana University Health, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA.,Department of Anesthesia, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Dhanashri Pawale
- Department of Anesthesia, Riley Hospital for Children at Indiana University Health, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA.,Department of Anesthesia, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Janelle S Renschler
- Department of Anesthesia, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Senthilkumar Sadhasivam
- Department of Anesthesia, Riley Hospital for Children at Indiana University Health, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA.,Department of Anesthesia, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
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14
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Kumari S, Carmona AV, Tiwari AK, Trippier PC. Amide Bond Bioisosteres: Strategies, Synthesis, and Successes. J Med Chem 2020; 63:12290-12358. [PMID: 32686940 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.0c00530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 209] [Impact Index Per Article: 52.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The amide functional group plays a key role in the composition of biomolecules, including many clinically approved drugs. Bioisosterism is widely employed in the rational modification of lead compounds, being used to increase potency, enhance selectivity, improve pharmacokinetic properties, eliminate toxicity, and acquire novel chemical space to secure intellectual property. The introduction of a bioisostere leads to structural changes in molecular size, shape, electronic distribution, polarity, pKa, dipole or polarizability, which can be either favorable or detrimental to biological activity. This approach has opened up new avenues in drug design and development resulting in more efficient drug candidates introduced onto the market as well as in the clinical pipeline. Herein, we review the strategic decisions in selecting an amide bioisostere (the why), synthetic routes to each (the how), and success stories of each bioisostere (the implementation) to provide a comprehensive overview of this important toolbox for medicinal chemists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shikha Kumari
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68198, United States
| | - Angelica V Carmona
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68198, United States
| | - Amit K Tiwari
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Toledo, Toledo, Ohio 43614, United States
| | - Paul C Trippier
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68198, United States.,Fred & Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68198, United States.,UNMC Center for Drug Discovery, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68198, United States
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15
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Moritz AE, Free RB, Weiner WS, Akano EO, Gandhi D, Abramyan A, Keck TM, Ferrer M, Hu X, Southall N, Steiner J, Aubé J, Shi L, Frankowski KJ, Sibley DR. Discovery, Optimization, and Characterization of ML417: A Novel and Highly Selective D 3 Dopamine Receptor Agonist. J Med Chem 2020; 63:5526-5567. [PMID: 32342685 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.0c00424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
To identify novel D3 dopamine receptor (D3R) agonists, we conducted a high-throughput screen using a β-arrestin recruitment assay. Counterscreening of the hit compounds provided an assessment of their selectivity, efficacy, and potency. The most promising scaffold was optimized through medicinal chemistry resulting in enhanced potency and selectivity. The optimized compound, ML417 (20), potently promotes D3R-mediated β-arrestin translocation, G protein activation, and ERK1/2 phosphorylation (pERK) while lacking activity at other dopamine receptors. Screening of ML417 against multiple G protein-coupled receptors revealed exceptional global selectivity. Molecular modeling suggests that ML417 interacts with the D3R in a unique manner, possibly explaining its remarkable selectivity. ML417 was also found to protect against neurodegeneration of dopaminergic neurons derived from iPSCs. Together with promising pharmacokinetics and toxicology profiles, these results suggest that ML417 is a novel and uniquely selective D3R agonist that may serve as both a research tool and a therapeutic lead for the treatment of neuropsychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy E Moritz
- Molecular Neuropharmacology Section, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, 35 Convent Drive, MSC-3723, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-3723, United States
| | - R Benjamin Free
- Molecular Neuropharmacology Section, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, 35 Convent Drive, MSC-3723, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-3723, United States
| | - Warren S Weiner
- University of Kansas Specialized Chemistry Center, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66047, United States
| | - Emmanuel O Akano
- Molecular Neuropharmacology Section, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, 35 Convent Drive, MSC-3723, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-3723, United States
| | - Disha Gandhi
- Center for Integrative Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, 125 Mason Farm Road, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Ara Abramyan
- Computational Chemistry and Molecular Biophysics Unit, Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland, 333 Cassell Drive, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, United States
| | - Thomas M Keck
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Department of Molecular & Cellular Biosciences, College of Science and Mathematics, Rowan University, 201 Mullica Hill Road, Glassboro, New Jersey 08028, United States
| | - Marc Ferrer
- NIH Chemical Genomics Center, Division of Preclinical Innovation, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, 9800 Medical Center Drive, Rockville, Maryland 20850, United States
| | - Xin Hu
- NIH Chemical Genomics Center, Division of Preclinical Innovation, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, 9800 Medical Center Drive, Rockville, Maryland 20850, United States
| | - Noel Southall
- NIH Chemical Genomics Center, Division of Preclinical Innovation, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, 9800 Medical Center Drive, Rockville, Maryland 20850, United States
| | - Joseph Steiner
- NeuroTherapeutics Development Unit, National Institute for Neurological Disorders and Stroke, Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
| | - Jeffrey Aubé
- University of Kansas Specialized Chemistry Center, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66047, United States.,Center for Integrative Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, 125 Mason Farm Road, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Lei Shi
- Computational Chemistry and Molecular Biophysics Unit, Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland, 333 Cassell Drive, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, United States
| | - Kevin J Frankowski
- University of Kansas Specialized Chemistry Center, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66047, United States.,Center for Integrative Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, 125 Mason Farm Road, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - David R Sibley
- Molecular Neuropharmacology Section, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, 35 Convent Drive, MSC-3723, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-3723, United States
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16
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Galaj E, Newman AH, Xi ZX. Dopamine D3 receptor-based medication development for the treatment of opioid use disorder: Rationale, progress, and challenges. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2020; 114:38-52. [PMID: 32376243 PMCID: PMC7252042 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2020.04.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Accepted: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Opioid abuse and overdose have become a national crisis in the USA. Although several opioid-based pharmacotherapies are available, they are ineffective in long-term relapse prevention. National Institute on Drug Abuse has listed dopamine D3 receptor antagonists as high priority for anti-opioid medication development. The novel D3 receptor antagonists (VK4-116, VK4-40) are effective in reducing opioid reward and relapse as well as potentiate opioid analgesia. D3 receptor antagonists deserve further studies as new pharmacotherapies for pain and of opioid use disorder.
Opioid abuse and related overdose deaths continue to rise in the United States, contributing to the current national opioid crisis. Although several opioid-based pharmacotherapies are available (e.g., methadone, buprenorphine, naloxone), they show limited effectiveness in long-term relapse prevention. In response to the opioid crisis, the National Institute on Drug Abuse proposed a list of pharmacological targets of highest priority for medication development for the treatment of opioid use disorders (OUD). Among these are antagonists of dopamine D3 receptors (D3R). In this review, we first review recent progress in research of the dopamine hypothesis of opioid reward and abuse and then describe the rationale and recent development of D3R ligands for the treatment of OUD. Herein, an emphasis is placed on the effectiveness of newly developed D3R antagonists in the animal models of OUD. These new drug candidates may also potentiate the analgesic effects of clinically used opioids, making them attractive as adjunctive medications for pain management and treatment of OUD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewa Galaj
- Molecular Targets and Medication Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Intramural Research Program, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Amy Hauck Newman
- Molecular Targets and Medication Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Intramural Research Program, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Zheng-Xiong Xi
- Molecular Targets and Medication Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Intramural Research Program, Baltimore, MD, United States.
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17
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de Guglielmo G, Kallupi M, Sedighim S, Newman AH, George O. Dopamine D 3 Receptor Antagonism Reverses the Escalation of Oxycodone Self-administration and Decreases Withdrawal-Induced Hyperalgesia and Irritability-Like Behavior in Oxycodone-Dependent Heterogeneous Stock Rats. Front Behav Neurosci 2020; 13:292. [PMID: 31992976 PMCID: PMC6971096 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2019.00292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2019] [Accepted: 12/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Prescription opioids, such as oxycodone, are highly effective analgesics for clinical pain management, but approximately 25% of patients who are prescribed opioids misuse them, and 5%–10% develop an opioid use disorder (OUD). Effective therapies for the prevention and treatment of opioid abuse and addiction need to be developed. The present study evaluated the effects of the highly selective dopamine D3 receptor antagonist VK4-116 ([R]-N-[4-(4-[3-chloro-5-ethyl-2-methoxyphenyl]piperazin-1-yl)-3-hydroxybutyl]-1H-indole-2-carboxamide) on oxycodone addictive-like behaviors. We used a model of extended access to oxycodone self-administration and tested the effects of VK4-116 on the escalation of oxycodone self-administration and withdrawal-induced hyperalgesia and irritability-like behavior in male and female rats. Pretreatment with VK4-116 (5–25 mg/kg, i.p.) dose-dependently decreased the escalation of oxycodone self-administration and reduced withdrawal-induced hyperalgesia and irritability-like behavior in opioid-dependent rats. These findings demonstrate a key role for D3 receptors in both the motivation to take opioids and negative emotional states that are associated with opioid withdrawal and suggest that D3 receptor antagonism may be a viable therapeutic approach for the treatment of OUD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giordano de Guglielmo
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Marsida Kallupi
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Sharona Sedighim
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Amy H Newman
- Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Intramural Research Program, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Olivier George
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
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18
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Jordan CJ, Humburg BA, Thorndike EB, Shaik AB, Xi ZX, Baumann MH, Newman AH, Schindler CW. Newly Developed Dopamine D 3 Receptor Antagonists, R-VK4-40 and R-VK4-116, Do Not Potentiate Cardiovascular Effects of Cocaine or Oxycodone in Rats. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2019; 371:602-614. [PMID: 31562201 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.119.259390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2019] [Accepted: 09/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Opioid and cocaine abuse are major public health burdens. Existing medications for opioid use disorder are limited by abuse liability and side effects, whereas no treatments are currently approved in the United States for cocaine use disorder. Dopamine D3 receptor (D3R) antagonists have shown promise in attenuating opioid and cocaine reward and mitigating relapse in preclinical models. However, translation of D3R antagonists to the clinic has been hampered by reports that the D3R antagonists GSK598,809 (5-(5-((3-((1S,5R)-1-(2-fluoro-4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-3-azabicyclo[3.1.0]hexan-3-yl)propyl)thio)-4-methyl-4H-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl)-4-methyloxazole) and SB-277,011A (2-(2-((1r,4r)-4-(2-oxo-2-(quinolin-4-yl)ethyl)cyclohexyl)ethyl)-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline-6-carbonitrile) have adverse cardiovascular effects in the presence of cocaine. Recently, we developed two structurally novel D3R antagonists, R-VK4-40 and R-VK4-116, which are highly selective for D3R and display translational potential for treatment of opioid use disorder. Here, we tested whether R-VK4-40 ((R)-N-(4-(4-(2-Chloro-3-ethylphenyl)piperazin-1-yl)-3-hydroxybutyl)-1H-indole-2-carboxamide) and R-VK4-116 ((R)-N-(4-(4-(3-Chloro-5-ethyl-2-methoxyphenyl)piperazin-1-yl)-3-hydroxybutyl)-1H-indole-2-carboxamide) have unwanted cardiovascular effects in the presence of oxycodone, a prescription opioid, or cocaine in freely moving rats fitted with surgically implanted telemetry transmitters. We also examined cardiovascular effects of the D3R antagonist, SB-277,011A, and L-741,626 (1-((1H-indol-3-yl)methyl)-4-(4-chlorophenyl)piperidin-4-ol), a dopamine D2 receptor-selective antagonist, for comparison. Consistent with prior reports, SB-277,011A increased blood pressure, heart rate, and locomotor activity alone and in the presence of cocaine. L-741,626 increased blood pressure and heart rate. In contrast, R-VK4-40 alone dose-dependently reduced blood pressure and heart rate and attenuated oxycodone-induced increases in blood pressure and oxycodone or cocaine-induced increases in heart rate. Similarly, R-VK4-116 alone dose-dependently reduced cocaine-induced increases in blood pressure and heart rate. These results highlight the safety of new D3R antagonists and support the continued development of R-VK4-40 and R-VK4-116 for the treatment of opioid and cocaine use disorders. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: Opioid and cocaine abuse are major public health challenges and new treatments that do not adversely impact the cardiovascular system are needed. Here, we show that two structurally novel dopamine D3 receptor antagonists, R-VK4-40 and R-VK4-116, do not potentiate, and may even protect against, oxycodone- or cocaine-induced changes in blood pressure and heart rate, supporting their further development for the treatment of opioid and/or cocaine use disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chloe J Jordan
- Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch (C.J.J., B.A.H., A.B.S., Z.-X.X., A.H.N.), Designer Drug Research Unit (M.H.B., C.W.S.), and Preclinical Pharmacology Section (E.B.T., C.W.S.), Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Bree A Humburg
- Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch (C.J.J., B.A.H., A.B.S., Z.-X.X., A.H.N.), Designer Drug Research Unit (M.H.B., C.W.S.), and Preclinical Pharmacology Section (E.B.T., C.W.S.), Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Eric B Thorndike
- Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch (C.J.J., B.A.H., A.B.S., Z.-X.X., A.H.N.), Designer Drug Research Unit (M.H.B., C.W.S.), and Preclinical Pharmacology Section (E.B.T., C.W.S.), Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Anver Basha Shaik
- Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch (C.J.J., B.A.H., A.B.S., Z.-X.X., A.H.N.), Designer Drug Research Unit (M.H.B., C.W.S.), and Preclinical Pharmacology Section (E.B.T., C.W.S.), Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Zheng-Xiong Xi
- Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch (C.J.J., B.A.H., A.B.S., Z.-X.X., A.H.N.), Designer Drug Research Unit (M.H.B., C.W.S.), and Preclinical Pharmacology Section (E.B.T., C.W.S.), Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Michael H Baumann
- Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch (C.J.J., B.A.H., A.B.S., Z.-X.X., A.H.N.), Designer Drug Research Unit (M.H.B., C.W.S.), and Preclinical Pharmacology Section (E.B.T., C.W.S.), Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Amy Hauck Newman
- Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch (C.J.J., B.A.H., A.B.S., Z.-X.X., A.H.N.), Designer Drug Research Unit (M.H.B., C.W.S.), and Preclinical Pharmacology Section (E.B.T., C.W.S.), Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Charles W Schindler
- Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch (C.J.J., B.A.H., A.B.S., Z.-X.X., A.H.N.), Designer Drug Research Unit (M.H.B., C.W.S.), and Preclinical Pharmacology Section (E.B.T., C.W.S.), Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Baltimore, Maryland
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Newman AH, Battiti FO, Bonifazi A. 2016 Philip S. Portoghese Medicinal Chemistry Lectureship: Designing Bivalent or Bitopic Molecules for G-Protein Coupled Receptors. The Whole Is Greater Than the Sum of Its Parts. J Med Chem 2019; 63:1779-1797. [PMID: 31499001 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.9b01105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The genesis of designing bivalent or bitopic molecules that engender unique pharmacological properties began with Portoghese's work directed toward opioid receptors, in the early 1980s. This strategy has evolved as an attractive way to engineer highly selective compounds for targeted G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs) with optimized efficacies and/or signaling bias. The emergence of X-ray crystal structures of many GPCRs and the identification of both orthosteric and allosteric binding sites have provided further guidance to ligand drug design that includes a primary pharmacophore (PP), a secondary pharmacophore (SP), and a linker between them. It is critical to note the synergistic relationship among all three of these components as they contribute to the overall interaction of these molecules with their receptor proteins and that strategically designed combinations have and will continue to provide the GPCR molecular tools of the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy Hauck Newman
- Medicinal Chemistry Section, Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse-Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, 333 Cassell Drive, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, United States
| | - Francisco O Battiti
- Medicinal Chemistry Section, Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse-Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, 333 Cassell Drive, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, United States
| | - Alessandro Bonifazi
- Medicinal Chemistry Section, Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse-Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, 333 Cassell Drive, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, United States
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20
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Shaik AB, Kumar V, Bonifazi A, Guerrero AM, Cemaj SL, Gadiano A, Lam J, Xi ZX, Rais R, Slusher BS, Newman AH. Investigation of Novel Primary and Secondary Pharmacophores and 3-Substitution in the Linking Chain of a Series of Highly Selective and Bitopic Dopamine D3 Receptor Antagonists and Partial Agonists. J Med Chem 2019; 62:9061-9077. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.9b00607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Anver Basha Shaik
- Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse−Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, 333 Cassell Drive, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, United States
| | - Vivek Kumar
- Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse−Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, 333 Cassell Drive, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, United States
| | - Alessandro Bonifazi
- Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse−Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, 333 Cassell Drive, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, United States
| | - Adrian M. Guerrero
- Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse−Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, 333 Cassell Drive, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, United States
| | - Sophie L. Cemaj
- Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse−Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, 333 Cassell Drive, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, United States
| | - Alexandra Gadiano
- Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse−Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, 333 Cassell Drive, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, United States
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins Drug Discovery, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 855 North Wolfe Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, United States
| | - Jenny Lam
- Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse−Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, 333 Cassell Drive, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, United States
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins Drug Discovery, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 855 North Wolfe Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, United States
| | - Zheng-Xiong Xi
- Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse−Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, 333 Cassell Drive, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, United States
| | - Rana Rais
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins Drug Discovery, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 855 North Wolfe Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, United States
| | - Barbara S. Slusher
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins Drug Discovery, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 855 North Wolfe Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, United States
| | - Amy Hauck Newman
- Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse−Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, 333 Cassell Drive, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, United States
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21
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Battiti FO, Cemaj SL, Guerrero AM, Shaik AB, Lam J, Rais R, Slusher BS, Deschamps JR, Imler GH, Newman AH, Bonifazi A. The Significance of Chirality in Drug Design and Synthesis of Bitopic Ligands as D 3 Receptor (D 3R) Selective Agonists. J Med Chem 2019; 62:6287-6314. [PMID: 31257877 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.9b00702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Because of the large degree of homology among dopamine D2-like receptors, discovering ligands capable of discriminating between the D2, D3, and D4 receptor subtypes remains a significant challenge. Previous work has exemplified the use of bitopic ligands as a powerful strategy in achieving subtype selectivity for agonists and antagonists alike. Inspired by the potential for chemical modification of the D3 preferential agonists (+)-PD128,907 (1) and PF592,379 (2), we synthesized bitopic structures to further improve their D3R selectivity. We found that the (2S,5S) conformation of scaffold 2 resulted in a privileged architecture with increased affinity and selectivity for the D3R. In addition, a cyclopropyl moiety incorporated into the linker and full resolution of the chiral centers resulted in lead compound 53 and eutomer 53a that demonstrate significantly higher D3R binding selectivities than the reference compounds. Moreover, the favorable metabolic stability in rat liver microsomes supports future studies in in vivo models of dopamine system dysregulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco O Battiti
- Medicinal Chemistry Section, Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse-Intramural Research Program , National Institutes of Health , 333 Cassell Drive , Baltimore , Maryland 21224 , United States
| | - Sophie L Cemaj
- Medicinal Chemistry Section, Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse-Intramural Research Program , National Institutes of Health , 333 Cassell Drive , Baltimore , Maryland 21224 , United States
| | - Adrian M Guerrero
- Medicinal Chemistry Section, Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse-Intramural Research Program , National Institutes of Health , 333 Cassell Drive , Baltimore , Maryland 21224 , United States
| | - Anver Basha Shaik
- Medicinal Chemistry Section, Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse-Intramural Research Program , National Institutes of Health , 333 Cassell Drive , Baltimore , Maryland 21224 , United States
| | - Jenny Lam
- Medicinal Chemistry Section, Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse-Intramural Research Program , National Institutes of Health , 333 Cassell Drive , Baltimore , Maryland 21224 , United States.,Johns Hopkins Drug Discovery Program , Johns Hopkins School of Medicine , 855 N. Wolfe Street , Baltimore , Maryland 21205 , United States
| | - Rana Rais
- Johns Hopkins Drug Discovery Program , Johns Hopkins School of Medicine , 855 N. Wolfe Street , Baltimore , Maryland 21205 , United States
| | - Barbara S Slusher
- Johns Hopkins Drug Discovery Program , Johns Hopkins School of Medicine , 855 N. Wolfe Street , Baltimore , Maryland 21205 , United States
| | - Jeffery R Deschamps
- Naval Research Laboratory , Code 6910, 4555 Overlook Avenue , Washington, DC 20375 , United States
| | - Greg H Imler
- Naval Research Laboratory , Code 6910, 4555 Overlook Avenue , Washington, DC 20375 , United States
| | - Amy Hauck Newman
- Medicinal Chemistry Section, Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse-Intramural Research Program , National Institutes of Health , 333 Cassell Drive , Baltimore , Maryland 21224 , United States
| | - Alessandro Bonifazi
- Medicinal Chemistry Section, Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse-Intramural Research Program , National Institutes of Health , 333 Cassell Drive , Baltimore , Maryland 21224 , United States
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22
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Dopamine D 3R antagonist VK4-116 attenuates oxycodone self-administration and reinstatement without compromising its antinociceptive effects. Neuropsychopharmacology 2019; 44:1415-1424. [PMID: 30555159 PMCID: PMC6785005 DOI: 10.1038/s41386-018-0284-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2018] [Revised: 11/12/2018] [Accepted: 11/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Prescription opioids such as oxycodone are highly effective analgesics for clinical pain management, but their misuse and abuse have led to the current opioid epidemic in the United States. In order to ameliorate this public health crisis, the development of effective pharmacotherapies for the prevention and treatment of opioid abuse and addiction is essential and urgently required. In this study, we evaluated-in laboratory rats-the potential utility of VK4-116, a novel and highly selective dopamine D3 receptor (D3R) antagonist, for the prevention and treatment of prescription opioid use disorders. Pretreatment with VK4-116 (5-25 mg/kg, i.p.) dose-dependently inhibited the acquisition and maintenance of oxycodone self-administration. VK4-116 also lowered the break-point (BP) for oxycodone self-administration under a progressive-ratio schedule of reinforcement, shifted the oxycodone dose-response curve downward, and inhibited oxycodone extinction responding and reinstatement of oxycodone-seeking behavior. In addition, VK4-116 pretreatment dose-dependently enhanced the antinociceptive effects of oxycodone and reduced naloxone-precipitated conditioned place aversion in rats chronically treated with oxycodone. In contrast, VK4-116 had little effect on oral sucrose self-administration. Taken together, these findings indicate a central role for D3Rs in opioid reward and support further development of VK4-116 as an effective agent for mitigating the development of opioid addiction, reducing the severity of withdrawal and preventing relapse.
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23
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Reilly SW, Riad AA, Hsieh CJ, Sahlholm K, Jacome DA, Griffin S, Taylor M, Weng CC, Xu K, Kirschner N, Luedtke RR, Parry C, Malhotra S, Karanicolas J, Mach RH. Leveraging a Low-Affinity Diazaspiro Orthosteric Fragment to Reduce Dopamine D 3 Receptor (D 3R) Ligand Promiscuity across Highly Conserved Aminergic G-Protein-Coupled Receptors (GPCRs). J Med Chem 2019; 62:5132-5147. [PMID: 31021617 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.9b00412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Previously, we reported a 3-(2-methoxyphenyl)-9-(3-((4-methyl-5-phenyl-4 H-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl)thio)propyl)-3,9-diazaspiro[5.5]undecane (1) compound with excellent dopamine D3 receptor (D3R) affinity (D3R Ki = 12.0 nM) and selectivity (D2R/D3R ratio = 905). Herein, we present derivatives of 1 with comparable D3R affinity (32, D3R Ki = 3.2 nM, D2R/D3R ratio = 60) and selectivity (30, D3R Ki = 21.0 nM, D2R/D3R ratio = 934). Fragmentation of 1 revealed orthosteric fragment 5a to express an unusually low D3R affinity ( Ki = 2.7 μM). Compared to piperazine congener 31, which retains a high-affinity orthosteric fragment (5d, D3R Ki = 23.9 nM), 1 was found to be more selective for the D3R among D1- and D2-like receptors and exhibited negligible off-target interactions at serotoninergic and adrenergic G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), common off-target sites for piperazine-containing D3R scaffolds. This study provides a unique rationale for implementing weakly potent orthosteric fragments into D3R ligand systems to minimize drug promiscuity at other aminergic GPCR sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean W Reilly
- Department of Radiology , Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia , Pennsylvania 19104 , United States
| | - Aladdin A Riad
- Department of Radiology , Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia , Pennsylvania 19104 , United States
| | - Chia-Ju Hsieh
- Department of Radiology , Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia , Pennsylvania 19104 , United States
| | - Kristoffer Sahlholm
- Department of Radiology , Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia , Pennsylvania 19104 , United States
| | - Daniel A Jacome
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics , University of Pennsylvania , 421 Curie Boulevard , Philadelphia , Pennsylvania 19104 , United States
| | - Suzy Griffin
- Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience , University of North Texas Health Science Center , 3500 Camp Bowie Boulevard , Fort Worth , Texas 76107 , United States
| | - Michelle Taylor
- Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience , University of North Texas Health Science Center , 3500 Camp Bowie Boulevard , Fort Worth , Texas 76107 , United States
| | - Chi-Chang Weng
- Department of Radiology , Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia , Pennsylvania 19104 , United States
| | - Kuiying Xu
- Department of Radiology , Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia , Pennsylvania 19104 , United States
| | - Nathan Kirschner
- Department of Radiology , Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia , Pennsylvania 19104 , United States
| | - Robert R Luedtke
- Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience , University of North Texas Health Science Center , 3500 Camp Bowie Boulevard , Fort Worth , Texas 76107 , United States
| | - Christopher Parry
- Program in Molecular Therapeutics , Fox Chase Cancer Center , 333 Cottman Avenue , Philadelphia , Pennsylvania 19111 , United States
| | - Shipra Malhotra
- Program in Molecular Therapeutics , Fox Chase Cancer Center , 333 Cottman Avenue , Philadelphia , Pennsylvania 19111 , United States
| | - John Karanicolas
- Program in Molecular Therapeutics , Fox Chase Cancer Center , 333 Cottman Avenue , Philadelphia , Pennsylvania 19111 , United States
| | - Robert H Mach
- Department of Radiology , Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia , Pennsylvania 19104 , United States
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24
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Selective dopamine D3 receptor antagonist YQA14 inhibits morphine-induced behavioral sensitization in wild type, but not in dopamine D3 receptor knockout mice. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2019; 40:583-588. [PMID: 30224637 DOI: 10.1038/s41401-018-0153-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2018] [Accepted: 07/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Increasing preclinical evidence demonstrates that dopamine D3 receptor (D3R) antagonists are a potential option for the treatment of drug addiction. The reinstatement of the addiction can be triggered by environmental stimuli that acquire motivational salience through repeated associations with the drug's effects. YQA14 is a novel D3R antagonist that has exhibited pharmacotherapeutic efficacy in reducing cocaine and amphetamine reward and relapse to drug seeking in mice. In this study we investigated the effects of YQA14 on morphine-induced context-specific locomotor sensitization in mice. We showed that repeated injection of YQA14 (6.25-25 mg/kg every day ip) prior to morphine (10 mg/kg every day sc) not only inhibited the acquisition, but also significantly attenuated the expression of morphine-induced locomotor sensitization. Furthermore, in the expression phase, one single injection of YQA14 (6.25-25 mg/kg, ip) dose-dependently inhibited the expression of morphine-induced behavioral sensitization. Moreover, YQA14 inhibited the expression of morphine-induced behavioral sensitization in wild mice (WT), but not in D3R knockout (D3R-/-) mice in the expression phase. In addition, D3R-/- mice also displayed the reduction in the expression phase compared with WT mice. In summary, this study demonstrates that blockade or knockout of the D3R inhibits morphine-induced behavior sensitization, suggesting that D3R plays an important role in the pathogenesis and etiology of morphine addiction, and it might be a potential target for clinical management of opioid addiction.
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25
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Keck T, Free RB, Day MM, Brown SL, Maddaluna MS, Fountain G, Cooper C, Fallon B, Holmes M, Stang CT, Burkhardt R, Bonifazi A, Ellenberger MP, Newman AH, Sibley DR, Wu C, Boateng CA. Dopamine D 4 Receptor-Selective Compounds Reveal Structure-Activity Relationships that Engender Agonist Efficacy. J Med Chem 2019; 62:3722-3740. [PMID: 30883109 PMCID: PMC6466480 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.9b00231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The dopamine D4 receptor (D4R) plays important roles in cognition, attention, and decision making. Novel D4R-selective ligands have promise in medication development for neuropsychiatric conditions, including Alzheimer's disease and substance use disorders. To identify new D4R-selective ligands, and to understand the molecular determinants of agonist efficacy at D4R, we report a series of eighteen novel ligands based on the classical D4R agonist A-412997 (1, 2-(4-(pyridin-2-yl)piperidin-1-yl)- N-( m-tolyl)acetamide). Compounds were profiled using radioligand binding displacement assays, β-arrestin recruitment assays, cyclic AMP inhibition assays, and molecular dynamics computational modeling. We identified several novel D4R-selective ( Ki ≤ 4.3 nM and >100-fold vs other D2-like receptors) compounds with diverse partial agonist and antagonist profiles, falling into three structural groups. These compounds highlight receptor-ligand interactions that control efficacy at D2-like receptors and may provide insights into targeted drug discovery, leading to a better understanding of the role of D4Rs in neuropsychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas
M. Keck
- Department
of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Department of Molecular & Cellular
Biosciences, College of Science and Mathematics, Rowan University, 201 Mullica Hill Road, Glassboro, New Jersey 08028, United States
- Cooper
Medical School of Rowan University, 401 Broadway, Camden, New
Jersey 08103, United
States
| | - R. Benjamin Free
- Molecular
Neuropharmacology Section, National Institute of Neurological Disorders
and Stroke-Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
| | - Marilyn M. Day
- Molecular
Neuropharmacology Section, National Institute of Neurological Disorders
and Stroke-Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
| | - Sonvia L. Brown
- Department
of Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fred Wilson School of Pharmacy, High Point University, One University Parkway, High Point, North Carolina 27268, United States
| | - Michele S. Maddaluna
- Department
of Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fred Wilson School of Pharmacy, High Point University, One University Parkway, High Point, North Carolina 27268, United States
| | - Griffin Fountain
- Department
of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Department of Molecular & Cellular
Biosciences, College of Science and Mathematics, Rowan University, 201 Mullica Hill Road, Glassboro, New Jersey 08028, United States
| | - Charles Cooper
- Department
of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Department of Molecular & Cellular
Biosciences, College of Science and Mathematics, Rowan University, 201 Mullica Hill Road, Glassboro, New Jersey 08028, United States
| | - Brooke Fallon
- Department
of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Department of Molecular & Cellular
Biosciences, College of Science and Mathematics, Rowan University, 201 Mullica Hill Road, Glassboro, New Jersey 08028, United States
| | - Matthew Holmes
- Department
of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Department of Molecular & Cellular
Biosciences, College of Science and Mathematics, Rowan University, 201 Mullica Hill Road, Glassboro, New Jersey 08028, United States
| | - Christopher T. Stang
- Molecular
Neuropharmacology Section, National Institute of Neurological Disorders
and Stroke-Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
| | - Russell Burkhardt
- Medicinal
Chemistry Section, Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch,
National Institute on Drug Abuse-Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, 333 Cassell Drive, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, United States
| | - Alessandro Bonifazi
- Medicinal
Chemistry Section, Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch,
National Institute on Drug Abuse-Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, 333 Cassell Drive, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, United States
| | - Michael P. Ellenberger
- Medicinal
Chemistry Section, Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch,
National Institute on Drug Abuse-Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, 333 Cassell Drive, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, United States
| | - Amy H. Newman
- Medicinal
Chemistry Section, Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch,
National Institute on Drug Abuse-Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, 333 Cassell Drive, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, United States
| | - David R. Sibley
- Molecular
Neuropharmacology Section, National Institute of Neurological Disorders
and Stroke-Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
| | - Chun Wu
- Department
of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Department of Molecular & Cellular
Biosciences, College of Science and Mathematics, Rowan University, 201 Mullica Hill Road, Glassboro, New Jersey 08028, United States
| | - Comfort A. Boateng
- Department
of Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fred Wilson School of Pharmacy, High Point University, One University Parkway, High Point, North Carolina 27268, United States
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26
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Jordan CJ, Humburg B, Rice M, Bi GH, You ZB, Shaik AB, Cao J, Bonifazi A, Gadiano A, Rais R, Slusher B, Newman AH, Xi ZX. The highly selective dopamine D 3R antagonist, R-VK4-40 attenuates oxycodone reward and augments analgesia in rodents. Neuropharmacology 2019; 158:107597. [PMID: 30974107 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2019.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2018] [Revised: 03/12/2019] [Accepted: 04/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Prescription opioid abuse is a global crisis. New treatment strategies for pain and opioid use disorders are urgently required. We evaluated the effects of R-VK4-40, a highly selective dopamine (DA) D3 receptor (D3R) antagonist, on the rewarding and analgesic effects of oxycodone, the most commonly abused prescription opioid, in rats and mice. Systemic administration of R-VK4-40 dose-dependently inhibited oxycodone self-administration and shifted oxycodone dose-response curves downward in rats. Pretreatment with R-VK4-40 also dose-dependently lowered break-points for oxycodone under a progressive-ratio schedule. To determine whether a DA-dependent mechanism underlies the impact of D3 antagonism in reducing opioid reward, we used optogenetic approaches to examine intracranial self-stimulation (ICSS) maintained by optical activation of ventral tegmental area (VTA) DA neurons in DAT-Cre mice. Photoactivation of VTA DA in non-drug treated mice produced robust ICSS behavior. Lower doses of oxycodone enhanced, while higher doses inhibited, optical ICSS. Pretreatment with R-VK4-40 blocked oxycodone-enhanced brain-stimulation reward. By itself, R-VK4-40 produced a modest dose-dependent reduction in optical ICSS. Pretreatment with R-VK4-40 did not compromise the antinociceptive effects of oxycodone in rats, and R-VK4-40 alone produced mild antinociceptive effects without altering open-field locomotion or rotarod locomotor performance. Together, these findings suggest R-VK4-40 may permit a lower dose of prescription opioids for pain management, potentially mitigating tolerance and dependence, while diminishing reward potency. Hence, development of R-VK4-40 as a therapy for the treatment of opioid use disorders and/or pain is currently underway. This article is part of the Special Issue entitled 'New Vistas in Opioid Pharmacology'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chloe J Jordan
- Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Intramural Research Program, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA
| | - Bree Humburg
- Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Intramural Research Program, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA
| | - Myra Rice
- Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Intramural Research Program, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA
| | - Guo-Hua Bi
- Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Intramural Research Program, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA
| | - Zhi-Bing You
- Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Intramural Research Program, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA
| | - Anver Basha Shaik
- Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Intramural Research Program, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA
| | - Jianjing Cao
- Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Intramural Research Program, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA
| | - Alessandro Bonifazi
- Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Intramural Research Program, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA
| | - Alexandra Gadiano
- Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Intramural Research Program, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA; Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins Drug Discovery, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 855 N. Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Rana Rais
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins Drug Discovery, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 855 N. Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Barbara Slusher
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins Drug Discovery, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 855 N. Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Amy Hauck Newman
- Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Intramural Research Program, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA.
| | - Zheng-Xiong Xi
- Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Intramural Research Program, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA.
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27
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Bonifazi A, Yano H, Guerrero AM, Kumar V, Hoffman AF, Lupica CR, Shi L, Newman AH. Novel and Potent Dopamine D 2 Receptor Go-Protein Biased Agonists. ACS Pharmacol Transl Sci 2019; 2:52-65. [PMID: 30775693 PMCID: PMC6371206 DOI: 10.1021/acsptsci.8b00060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
![]()
The
discovery of functionally biased and physiologically beneficial
ligands directed toward G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs) has provided
the impetus to design dopamine D2 receptor (D2R) targeted molecules that may be therapeutically advantageous for
the treatment of certain neuropsychiatric or basal ganglia related
disorders. Here we describe the synthesis of a novel series of D2R agonists linking the D2R unbiased agonist sumanirole
with privileged secondary molecular fragments. The resulting ligands
demonstrate improved D2R affinity and selectivity over
sumanirole. Extensive in vitro functional studies
and bias factor analysis led to the identification of a novel class
of highly potent Go-protein biased full D2R agonists with
more than 10-fold and 1000-fold bias selectivity toward activation
of specific G-protein subtypes and β-arrestin, respectively.
Intracellular electrophysiological recordings from midbrain dopamine
neurons demonstrated that Go-protein selective agonists can elicit
prolonged ligand-induced GIRK activity via D2Rs, which
may be beneficial in the treatment of dyskinesias associated with
dopamine system dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Bonifazi
- Medicinal Chemistry Section, Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse - Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, 333 Cassell Drive, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, United States
| | - Hideaki Yano
- Computational Chemistry and Molecular Biophysics Unit, Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse - Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, 333 Cassell Drive, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, United States
| | - Adrian M Guerrero
- Medicinal Chemistry Section, Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse - Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, 333 Cassell Drive, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, United States
| | - Vivek Kumar
- Medicinal Chemistry Section, Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse - Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, 333 Cassell Drive, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, United States
| | - Alexander F Hoffman
- Electrophysiology Research Section, Cellular Neurobiology Research Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse - Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, 333 Cassell Drive, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, United States
| | - Carl R Lupica
- Electrophysiology Research Section, Cellular Neurobiology Research Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse - Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, 333 Cassell Drive, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, United States
| | - Lei Shi
- Computational Chemistry and Molecular Biophysics Unit, Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse - Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, 333 Cassell Drive, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, United States
| | - Amy Hauck Newman
- Medicinal Chemistry Section, Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse - Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, 333 Cassell Drive, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, United States
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28
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Liow JS, Morse CL, Lu S, Frankland M, Tye GL, Zoghbi SS, Gladding RL, Shaik AB, Innis RB, Newman AH, Pike VW. [ O- methyl- 11C] N-(4-(4-(3-Chloro-2-methoxyphenyl)-piperazin-1-yl)butyl)-1 H-indole-2-carboxamide ([ 11C]BAK4-51) Is an Efflux Transporter Substrate and Ineffective for PET Imaging of Brain D₃ Receptors in Rodents and Monkey. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23112737. [PMID: 30360553 PMCID: PMC6278341 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23112737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2018] [Revised: 10/15/2018] [Accepted: 10/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Selective high-affinity antagonists for the dopamine D₃ receptor (D₃R) are sought for treating substance use disorders. Positron emission tomography (PET) with an effective D₃R radioligand could be a useful tool for the development of such therapeutics by elucidating pharmacological specificity and target engagement in vivo. Currently, a D₃R-selective radioligand does not exist. The D₃R ligand, N-(4-(4-(3-chloro-2-methoxyphenyl)piperazin-1-yl)butyl)-1H-indole-2-carboxamide (BAK4-51, 1), has attractive properties for PET radioligand development, including full antagonist activity, very high D₃R affinity, D₃R selectivity, and moderate lipophilicity. We labeled 1 with the positron-emitter carbon-11 (t1/2 = 20.4 min) in the methoxy group for evaluation as a radioligand in animals with PET. However, [11C]1 was found to be an avid substrate for brain efflux transporters and lacked D₃R-specific signal in rodent and monkey brain in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeih-San Liow
- Molecular Imaging Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Room B3C346, 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
| | - Cheryl L Morse
- Molecular Imaging Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Room B3C346, 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
| | - Shuiyu Lu
- Molecular Imaging Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Room B3C346, 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
| | - Michael Frankland
- Molecular Imaging Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Room B3C346, 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
| | - George L Tye
- Molecular Imaging Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Room B3C346, 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
| | - Sami S Zoghbi
- Molecular Imaging Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Room B3C346, 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
| | - Robert L Gladding
- Molecular Imaging Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Room B3C346, 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
| | - Anver B Shaik
- Medicinal Chemistry Section, Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, 333 Cassell Drive, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA.
| | - Robert B Innis
- Molecular Imaging Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Room B3C346, 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
| | - Amy H Newman
- Medicinal Chemistry Section, Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, 333 Cassell Drive, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA.
| | - Victor W Pike
- Molecular Imaging Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Room B3C346, 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
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29
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3D-QSAR studies of D 3R antagonists and 5-HT 1AR agonists. J Mol Graph Model 2018; 86:132-141. [PMID: 30359859 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmgm.2018.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2018] [Revised: 09/29/2018] [Accepted: 10/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Combination of dopamine D3 antagonism and serotonin 5-HT1A agonism leads to an effective way to atypical antipsychotics. In this work, two predictive 3D-QSAR models were bulit for D3R antagonists and 5-HT1AR agonists, respectively. Based on the steric and electrostatic information of contour maps, four compounds with improved predicted activities were newly designed. In addition, molecular docking and ADMET properties suggested that designed molecules had strong interactions with receptors and low hepatotoxicity. This work sheds light on the design of bifunctional novel antipsychotic drugs for D3R antagonists and 5HT1AR agonists.
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30
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Gadhiya S, Cordone P, Pal RK, Gallicchio E, Wickstrom L, Kurtzman T, Ramsey S, Harding WW. New Dopamine D3-Selective Receptor Ligands Containing a 6-Methoxy-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinolin-7-ol Motif. ACS Med Chem Lett 2018; 9:990-995. [PMID: 30344905 DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.8b00229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2018] [Accepted: 09/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
A series of analogues featuring a 6-methoxy-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinolin-7-ol unit as the arylamine "head" group of a classical D3 antagonist core structure were synthesized and evaluated for affinity at dopamine D1, D2, and D3 receptors (D1R, D2R, D3R). The compounds generally displayed strong affinity for D3R with very good D3R selectivity. Docking studies at D2R and D3R crystal structures revealed that the molecules are oriented such that their arylamine units are positioned in the orthosteric binding pocket of D3R, with the arylamide "tail" units residing in the secondary binding pocket. Hydrogen bonding between Ser 182 and Tyr 365 at D3R stabilize extracellular loop 2 (ECL2), which in turn contributes to ligand binding by interacting with the "tail" units of the ligands in the secondary binding pocket. Similar interactions between ECL2 and the "tail" units were absent at D2R due to different positioning of the D2R loop region. The presence of multiple H-bonds with the phenol moiety of the headgroup of 7 and Ser192 accounts for its stronger D3R affinity as compared to the 6,7-dimethoxy-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline-containing analogue 8.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satishkumar Gadhiya
- Department of Chemistry, Hunter College, City University of New York, 695 Park Avenue, New York, New York 10065, United States
- Ph.D. Program in Chemistry, CUNY Graduate Center, 365 Fifth Avenue, New York, New York 10016, United States
| | - Pierpaolo Cordone
- Department of Chemistry, Hunter College, City University of New York, 695 Park Avenue, New York, New York 10065, United States
- Ph.D. Program in Biochemistry, CUNY Graduate Center, 365 Fifth Avenue, New York, New York 10016, United States
| | - Rajat K. Pal
- Ph.D. Program in Biochemistry, CUNY Graduate Center, 365 Fifth Avenue, New York, New York 10016, United States
- Department of Chemistry, Brooklyn College, 2900 Bedford Avenue, Brooklyn, New York 11210, United States
| | - Emilio Gallicchio
- Ph.D. Program in Chemistry, CUNY Graduate Center, 365 Fifth Avenue, New York, New York 10016, United States
- Ph.D. Program in Biochemistry, CUNY Graduate Center, 365 Fifth Avenue, New York, New York 10016, United States
- Department of Chemistry, Brooklyn College, 2900 Bedford Avenue, Brooklyn, New York 11210, United States
| | - Lauren Wickstrom
- Department of Science, Borough of Manhattan Community College, 199 Chambers Street, New York, New York 10007, United States
| | - Tom Kurtzman
- Ph.D. Program in Chemistry, CUNY Graduate Center, 365 Fifth Avenue, New York, New York 10016, United States
- Ph.D. Program in Biochemistry, CUNY Graduate Center, 365 Fifth Avenue, New York, New York 10016, United States
- Department of Chemistry, Lehman College, The City University of New York, Bronx, New York 10468, United States
| | - Steven Ramsey
- Ph.D. Program in Biochemistry, CUNY Graduate Center, 365 Fifth Avenue, New York, New York 10016, United States
- Department of Chemistry, Lehman College, The City University of New York, Bronx, New York 10468, United States
| | - Wayne W. Harding
- Department of Chemistry, Hunter College, City University of New York, 695 Park Avenue, New York, New York 10065, United States
- Ph.D. Program in Chemistry, CUNY Graduate Center, 365 Fifth Avenue, New York, New York 10016, United States
- Ph.D. Program in Biochemistry, CUNY Graduate Center, 365 Fifth Avenue, New York, New York 10016, United States
- Department of Chemistry, Lehman College, The City University of New York, Bronx, New York 10468, United States
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31
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Lee JH, Cho SJ, Kim MH. Discovery of CNS-Like D3R-Selective Antagonists Using 3D Pharmacophore Guided Virtual Screening. Molecules 2018; 23:E2452. [PMID: 30257450 PMCID: PMC6222863 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23102452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2018] [Revised: 09/14/2018] [Accepted: 09/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The dopamine D3 receptor is an important CNS target for the treatment of a variety of neurological diseases. Selective dopamine D3 receptor antagonists modulate the improvement of psychostimulant addiction and relapse. In this study, five and six featured pharmacophore models of D3R antagonists were generated and evaluated with the post-hoc score combining two survival scores of active and inactive. Among the Top 10 models, APRRR215 and AHPRRR104 were chosen based on the coefficient of determination (APRRR215: R²training = 0.80; AHPRRR104: R²training = 0.82) and predictability (APRRR215: Q²test = 0.73, R²predictive = 0.82; AHPRRR104: Q²test = 0.86, R²predictive = 0.74) of their 3D-quantitative structure⁻activity relationship models. Pharmacophore-based virtual screening of a large compound library from eMolecules (>3 million compounds) using two optimal models expedited the search process by a 100-fold speed increase compared to the docking-based screening (HTVS scoring function in Glide) and identified a series of hit compounds having promising novel scaffolds. After the screening, docking scores, as an adjuvant predictor, were added to two fitness scores (from the pharmacophore models) and predicted Ki (from PLSs of the QSAR models) to improve accuracy. Final selection of the most promising hit compounds were also evaluated for CNS-like properties as well as expected D3R antagonism.
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Affiliation(s)
- June Hyeong Lee
- Gachon Institute of Pharmaceutical Science & Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Gachon University, 191 Hambakmoeiro, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon 21936, Korea.
| | - Sung Jin Cho
- CimplSoft, Thousand Oaks, CA 91320, USA.
- CimplRx, Euni-ro, Seoul 06764, Korea.
| | - Mi-Hyun Kim
- Gachon Institute of Pharmaceutical Science & Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Gachon University, 191 Hambakmoeiro, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon 21936, Korea.
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32
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Zhan J, Jordan CJ, Bi GH, He XH, Gardner EL, Wang YL, Xi ZX. Genetic deletion of the dopamine D3 receptor increases vulnerability to heroin in mice. Neuropharmacology 2018; 141:11-20. [PMID: 30138692 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2018.08.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2018] [Revised: 07/31/2018] [Accepted: 08/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Despite extensive research, the neurobiological risk factors that convey vulnerability to opioid abuse are still unknown. Recent studies suggest that the dopamine D3 receptor (D3R) is involved in opioid self-administration, but it remains unclear whether altered D3R availability is a risk factor for the development of opioid abuse and addiction. Here we used dopamine D3 receptor-knockout (D3-KO) mice to investigate the role of this receptor in the different phases of opioid addiction. D3-KO mice learned to self-administer heroin faster and took more heroin than wild-type mice during acquisition and maintenance of self-administration. D3R-KO mice also displayed higher motivation to work to obtain heroin reward during self-administration under progressive-ratio reinforcement, as well as elevated heroin-seeking during extinction and reinstatement testing. In addition, deletion of the D3R induced higher baseline levels of extracellular dopamine (DA) in the nucleus accumbens (NAc), higher basal levels of locomotion, and reduced NAc DA and locomotor responses to lower doses of heroin. These findings suggest that the D3R is critically involved in regulatory processes that normally limit opioid intake via DA-related mechanisms. Deletion of D3R augments opioid-taking and opioid-seeking behaviors. Therefore, low D3R availability in the brain may represent a risk factor for the development of opioid abuse and addiction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Zhan
- Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Intramural Research Program, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA; Department of Anesthesiology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430071, China
| | - Chloe J Jordan
- Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Intramural Research Program, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA
| | - Guo-Hua Bi
- Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Intramural Research Program, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA
| | - Xiang-Hu He
- Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Intramural Research Program, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA; Department of Anesthesiology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430071, China
| | - Eliot L Gardner
- Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Intramural Research Program, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA
| | - Yan-Lin Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430071, China.
| | - Zheng-Xiong Xi
- Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Intramural Research Program, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA.
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33
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Dopamine D1 and D3 receptor polypharmacology as a potential treatment approach for substance use disorder. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2018; 89:13-28. [PMID: 29577963 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2018.03.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2017] [Revised: 03/19/2018] [Accepted: 03/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
In the search for efficacious pharmacotherapies to treat cocaine addiction much attention has been given to agents targeting dopamine D1 or D3 receptors because of the involvement of these receptors in drug-related behaviors. D1-like and D3 receptor partial agonists and antagonists have been shown to reduce drug reward, reinstatement of drug seeking and conditioned place preference in rodents and non-human primates. However, translation of these encouraging results to clinical settings has been limited due to a number of factors including toxicity, poor pharmacokinetic properties and extrapyramidal and sedative side effects. This review highlights the role of D1 and D3 receptors in drug reward and seeking, the discovery of D1-D3 heteromers and their potential as targets in the treatment of addiction.
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34
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Affiliation(s)
- Phil Skolnick
- Opiant Pharmaceuticals, Santa Monica, California 09401, USA
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35
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Li AJ, Xie W, Wang M, Xu SC. Molecular Mechanism and Dynamics of S-Deoxyephedrine Moving through Molecular Channels within D 3R. ACS OMEGA 2017; 2:8896-8910. [PMID: 31457418 PMCID: PMC6645573 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.7b01161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2017] [Accepted: 11/17/2017] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
In this article, the trajectories of S-deoxyephedrine (SBD) along molecular channels within the complex protein structure of third dopamine receptor (D3R) are analyzed via molecular dynamic techniques, including potential mean force calculations of umbrella samplings from the 4.5 version of the GROMACS program. Changes in free energy due to the movement of SBD within D3R are determined, and the molecular dynamic mechanisms of SBD transmitting along molecular channels are probed. Molecular simulated results show that the change in free energy is calculated as 171.7 kJ·mol-1 for the transmission of SBD toward the outside of the cell along the y+ axis functional molecular channel and is 275.0 kJ·mol-1 for movement toward the intracellular structure along the y- axis. Within the internal structure of D3R, the changes in free energy are determined to be 103.6, 242.1, 459.7, and 127.8 kJ·mol-1 for transmission of SBD along the x+, x-, z+, and z- axes, respectively, toward the cell bilayer membrane, which indicates that SBD leaves much more easily along the x+ axis through the gap between the TM5 (the fifth transmembrane helix) and TM6 (the sixth transmembrane helix) from the internal structure of D3R. The values of free-energy changes indicate that SBD molecules can clear the protective channel within D3R, which helps dopamine molecules to leave the D3R internal structure along the x+ axis and to prevent them for exerting excessive neurotransmitter function. Therefore, our results suggest that SBD is effective for development as a drug for treating schizophrenia and its pharmacology is closely related to its dynamics and mechanisms within the molecular pathway of dopamine receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ai Jing Li
- College
of Chemical Science and Technology and Pharmacy and Key Laboratory
of Education Ministry for Medicinal Chemistry of Natural Resource, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, P. R.
China
| | - Wei Xie
- College
of Chemical Science and Technology and Pharmacy and Key Laboratory
of Education Ministry for Medicinal Chemistry of Natural Resource, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, P. R.
China
| | - Ming Wang
- College
of Chemical Science and Technology and Pharmacy and Key Laboratory
of Education Ministry for Medicinal Chemistry of Natural Resource, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, P. R.
China
| | - Si Chuan Xu
- College
of Chemical Science and Technology and Pharmacy and Key Laboratory
of Education Ministry for Medicinal Chemistry of Natural Resource, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, P. R.
China
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36
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You ZB, Gao JT, Bi GH, He Y, Boateng C, Cao J, Gardner EL, Newman AH, Xi ZX. The novel dopamine D3 receptor antagonists/partial agonists CAB2-015 and BAK4-54 inhibit oxycodone-taking and oxycodone-seeking behavior in rats. Neuropharmacology 2017; 126:190-199. [PMID: 28888944 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2017.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2017] [Revised: 09/02/2017] [Accepted: 09/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The use of prescription opioid analgesics, particularly oxycodone, has dramatically increased, and parallels escalated opioid abuse and drug-related deaths worldwide. Understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying the development of opioid dependence and expanding treatment options to counter prescription opioid abuse has become a critical public health matter. In the present study, we first evaluated the reinforcing effects of oxycodone in a rat model of self-administration and then explored the potential utility of two novel high affinity dopamine D3 receptor (D3R) antagonists/partial agonists, CAB2-015 and BAK4-54, for treatment of prescription opioid abuse and dependence. We found that rats acquired oxycodone self-administration rapidly within a range of unit doses that was similar to that for heroin, confirming that oxycodone has significant abuse potential. Strikingly, pretreatment with either CAB2-015 or BAK4-54 (0.4-10 mg/kg, i.p.) dose-dependently decreased oxycodone self-administration, and shifted the oxycodone dose-response curve downward. Repeated pretreatment with CAB2-015 or BAK4-54 (0.4-4 mg/kg) facilitated extinction and inhibited oxycodone-induced reinstatement of drug-seeking behavior. In addition, pretreatment with CAB2-015 or BAK4-54 (4-10 mg/kg) also dose-dependently decreased oxycodone-enhanced locomotor activity, but only CAB2-015 decreased oral sucrose self-administration. These data suggest that D3R antagonists may be suitable alternatives or adjunctive to opioid-based medications currently used clinically in treating opioid addiction and that the D3R-selective ligands (CAB2-015 or BAK4-54) provide new lead molecules for development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Bing You
- Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Intramural Research Program, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Jun-Tao Gao
- Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Intramural Research Program, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Guo-Hua Bi
- Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Intramural Research Program, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Yi He
- Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Intramural Research Program, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Comfort Boateng
- Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Intramural Research Program, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Jianjing Cao
- Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Intramural Research Program, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Eliot L Gardner
- Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Intramural Research Program, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Amy Hauck Newman
- Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Intramural Research Program, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA.
| | - Zheng-Xiong Xi
- Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Intramural Research Program, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA.
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37
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Moritz AE, Free RB, Sibley DR. Advances and challenges in the search for D 2 and D 3 dopamine receptor-selective compounds. Cell Signal 2017; 41:75-81. [PMID: 28716664 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2017.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2017] [Revised: 07/07/2017] [Accepted: 07/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Compounds that target D2-like dopamine receptors (DRs) are currently used as therapeutics for several neuropsychiatric disorders including schizophrenia (antagonists) and Parkinson's disease (agonists). However, as the D2R and D3R subtypes are highly homologous, creating compounds with sufficient subtype-selectivity as well as drug-like properties for therapeutic use has proved challenging. This review summarizes the progress that has been made in developing D2R- or D3R-selective antagonists and agonists, and also describes the experimental conditions that need to be considered when determining the selectivity of a given compound, as apparent selectivity can vary widely depending on assay conditions. Future advances in this field may take advantage of currently available structural data to target alternative secondary binding sites through creating bivalent or bitopic chemical structures. Alternatively, the use of high-throughput screening techniques to identify novel scaffolds that might bind to the D2R or D3R in areas other than the highly conserved orthosteric site, such as allosteric sites, followed by iterative medicinal chemistry will likely lead to exceptionally selective compounds in the future. More selective compounds will provide a better understanding of the normal and pathological functioning of each receptor subtype, as well as offer the potential for improved therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy E Moritz
- Molecular Neuropharmacology Section, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, 35 Convent Drive, MSC-3723, Bethesda, MD 20892-3723, United States
| | - R Benjamin Free
- Molecular Neuropharmacology Section, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, 35 Convent Drive, MSC-3723, Bethesda, MD 20892-3723, United States
| | - David R Sibley
- Molecular Neuropharmacology Section, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, 35 Convent Drive, MSC-3723, Bethesda, MD 20892-3723, United States.
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38
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Kumar V, Moritz AE, Keck TM, Bonifazi A, Ellenberger MP, Sibley CD, Free RB, Shi L, Lane JR, Sibley DR, Newman AH. Synthesis and Pharmacological Characterization of Novel trans-Cyclopropylmethyl-Linked Bivalent Ligands That Exhibit Selectivity and Allosteric Pharmacology at the Dopamine D 3 Receptor (D 3R). J Med Chem 2017; 60:1478-1494. [PMID: 28186762 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.6b01688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The development of bitopic ligands directed toward D2-like receptors has proven to be of particular interest to improve the selectivity and/or affinity of these ligands and as an approach to modulate and bias their efficacies. The structural similarities between dopamine D3 receptor (D3R)-selective molecules that display bitopic or allosteric pharmacology and those that are simply competitive antagonists are subtle and intriguing. Herein we synthesized a series of molecules in which the primary and secondary pharmacophores were derived from the D3R-selective antagonists SB269,652 (1) and SB277011A (2) whose structural similarity and pharmacological disparity provided the perfect templates for SAR investigation. Incorporating a trans-cyclopropylmethyl linker between pharmacophores and manipulating linker length resulted in the identification of two bivalent noncompetitive D3R-selective antagonists, 18a and 25a, which further delineates SAR associated with allosterism at D3R and provides leads toward novel drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivek Kumar
- Medicinal Chemistry Section, Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health , 333 Cassell Drive, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, United States
| | - Amy E Moritz
- Molecular Neuropharmacology Section, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health , 35 Convent Drive, MSC-3723, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-3723, United States
| | - Thomas M Keck
- Medicinal Chemistry Section, Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health , 333 Cassell Drive, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, United States
| | - Alessandro Bonifazi
- Medicinal Chemistry Section, Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health , 333 Cassell Drive, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, United States
| | - Michael P Ellenberger
- Medicinal Chemistry Section, Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health , 333 Cassell Drive, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, United States
| | - Christopher D Sibley
- Medicinal Chemistry Section, Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health , 333 Cassell Drive, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, United States
| | - R Benjamin Free
- Molecular Neuropharmacology Section, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health , 35 Convent Drive, MSC-3723, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-3723, United States
| | - Lei Shi
- Computational Chemistry and Molecular Biophysics Unit, Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health , 333 Cassell Drive, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, United States
| | - J Robert Lane
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University , 399 Royal Parade, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - David R Sibley
- Molecular Neuropharmacology Section, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health , 35 Convent Drive, MSC-3723, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-3723, United States
| | - Amy Hauck Newman
- Medicinal Chemistry Section, Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health , 333 Cassell Drive, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, United States
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39
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Wager TT, Chappie T, Horton D, Chandrasekaran RY, Samas B, Dunn-Sims ER, Hsu C, Nawreen N, Vanase-Frawley MA, O’Connor RE, Schmidt CJ, Dlugolenski K, Stratman NC, Majchrzak MJ, Kormos BL, Nguyen DP, Sawant-Basak A, Mead AN. Dopamine D3/D2 Receptor Antagonist PF-4363467 Attenuates Opioid Drug-Seeking Behavior without Concomitant D2 Side Effects. ACS Chem Neurosci 2017; 8:165-177. [PMID: 27715007 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.6b00297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Dopamine receptor antagonism is a compelling molecular target for the treatment of a range of psychiatric disorders, including substance use disorders. From our corporate compound file, we identified a structurally unique D3 receptor (D3R) antagonist scaffold, 1. Through a hybrid approach, we merged key pharmacophore elements from 1 and D3 agonist 2 to yield the novel D3R/D2R antagonist PF-4363467 (3). Compound 3 was designed to possess CNS drug-like properties as defined by its CNS MPO desirability score (≥4/6). In addition to good physicochemical properties, 3 exhibited low nanomolar affinity for the D3R (D3 Ki = 3.1 nM), good subtype selectivity over D2R (D2 Ki = 692 nM), and high selectivity for D3R versus other biogenic amine receptors. In vivo, 3 dose-dependently attenuated opioid self-administration and opioid drug-seeking behavior in a rat operant reinstatement model using animals trained to self-administer fentanyl. Further, traditional extrapyramidal symptoms (EPS), adverse side effects arising from D2R antagonism, were not observed despite high D2 receptor occupancy (RO) in rodents, suggesting that compound 3 has a unique in vivo profile. Collectively, our data support further investigation of dual D3R and D2R antagonists for the treatment of drug addiction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Travis T. Wager
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Neuroscience
Medicinal Chemistry and Neuroscience Research Unit, 610 Main Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Thomas Chappie
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Neuroscience
Medicinal Chemistry and Neuroscience Research Unit, 610 Main Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - David Horton
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Chemistry
and Biology, Eastern Point
Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Ramalakshmi Y. Chandrasekaran
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Chemistry
and Biology, Eastern Point
Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Brian Samas
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Chemistry
and Biology, Eastern Point
Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Elizabeth R. Dunn-Sims
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Chemistry
and Biology, Eastern Point
Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Cathleen Hsu
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Chemistry
and Biology, Eastern Point
Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Nawshaba Nawreen
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Chemistry
and Biology, Eastern Point
Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Michelle A. Vanase-Frawley
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Chemistry
and Biology, Eastern Point
Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Rebecca E. O’Connor
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Chemistry
and Biology, Eastern Point
Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Christopher J. Schmidt
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Neuroscience
Medicinal Chemistry and Neuroscience Research Unit, 610 Main Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Keith Dlugolenski
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Neuroscience
Medicinal Chemistry and Neuroscience Research Unit, 610 Main Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Nancy C. Stratman
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Neuroscience
Medicinal Chemistry and Neuroscience Research Unit, 610 Main Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Mark J. Majchrzak
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Chemistry
and Biology, Eastern Point
Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Bethany L. Kormos
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Neuroscience
Medicinal Chemistry and Neuroscience Research Unit, 610 Main Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - David P. Nguyen
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Pharmacokinetics,
Dynamics, and Metabolism, 610 Main Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Aarti Sawant-Basak
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Pharmacokinetics,
Dynamics, and Metabolism, 610 Main Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Andy N. Mead
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Chemistry
and Biology, Eastern Point
Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
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40
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Maramai S, Gemma S, Brogi S, Campiani G, Butini S, Stark H, Brindisi M. Dopamine D3 Receptor Antagonists as Potential Therapeutics for the Treatment of Neurological Diseases. Front Neurosci 2016; 10:451. [PMID: 27761108 PMCID: PMC5050208 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2016.00451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2016] [Accepted: 09/20/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
D3 receptors represent a major focus of current drug design and development of therapeutics for dopamine-related pathological states. Their close homology with the D2 receptor subtype makes the development of D3 selective antagonists a challenging task. In this review, we explore the relevance and therapeutic utility of D3 antagonists or partial agonists endowed with multireceptor affinity profile in the field of central nervous system disorders such as schizophrenia and drug abuse. In fact, the peculiar distribution and low brain abundance of D3 receptors make them a valuable target for the development of drugs devoid of motor side effects classically elicited by D2 antagonists. Recent research efforts were devoted to the conception of chemical templates possibly endowed with a multi-target profile, especially with regards to other G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs). A comprehensive overview of the recent literature in the field is herein provided. In particular, the evolution of the chemical templates has been tracked, according to the growing advancements in both the structural information and the refinement of the key pharmacophoric elements. The receptor/multireceptor affinity and functional profiles for the examined compounds have been covered, together with their most significant pharmacological applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuele Maramai
- European Research Centre for Drug Discovery and Development and Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Siena Siena, Italy
| | - Sandra Gemma
- European Research Centre for Drug Discovery and Development and Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Siena Siena, Italy
| | - Simone Brogi
- European Research Centre for Drug Discovery and Development and Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Siena Siena, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Campiani
- European Research Centre for Drug Discovery and Development and Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Siena Siena, Italy
| | - Stefania Butini
- European Research Centre for Drug Discovery and Development and Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Siena Siena, Italy
| | - Holger Stark
- Institut fuer Pharmazeutische and Medizinische Chemie, Heinrich-Heine-Universitaet Duesseldorf Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Margherita Brindisi
- European Research Centre for Drug Discovery and Development and Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Siena Siena, Italy
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41
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Sokoloff P, Le Foll B. The dopamine D3 receptor, a quarter century later. Eur J Neurosci 2016; 45:2-19. [DOI: 10.1111/ejn.13390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 150] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2016] [Revised: 07/23/2016] [Accepted: 08/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Bernard Le Foll
- Centre for Addiction and Mental Health; Toronto ON Canada
- University of Toronto; Toronto ON Canada
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42
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Kumar V, Bonifazi A, Ellenberger MP, Keck TM, Pommier E, Rais R, Slusher BS, Gardner E, You ZB, Xi ZX, Newman AH. Highly Selective Dopamine D3 Receptor (D3R) Antagonists and Partial Agonists Based on Eticlopride and the D3R Crystal Structure: New Leads for Opioid Dependence Treatment. J Med Chem 2016; 59:7634-50. [PMID: 27508895 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.6b00860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
The recent and precipitous increase in opioid analgesic abuse and overdose has inspired investigation of the dopamine D3 receptor (D3R) as a target for therapeutic intervention. Metabolic instability or predicted toxicity has precluded successful translation of previously reported D3R-selective antagonists to clinical use for cocaine abuse. Herein, we report a series of novel and D3R crystal structure-guided 4-phenylpiperazines with exceptionally high D3R affinities and/or selectivities with varying efficacies. Lead compound 19 was selected based on its in vitro profile: D3R Ki = 6.84 nM, 1700-fold D3R versus D2R binding selectivity, and its metabolic stability in mouse microsomes. Compound 19 inhibited oxycodone-induced hyperlocomotion in mice and reduced oxycodone-induced locomotor sensitization. In addition, pretreatment with 19 also dose-dependently inhibited the acquisition of oxycodone-induced conditioned place preference (CPP) in rats. These findings support the D3R as a target for opioid dependence treatment and compound 19 as a new lead molecule for development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivek Kumar
- Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse-Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health , 333 Cassell Drive, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, United States
| | - Alessandro Bonifazi
- Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse-Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health , 333 Cassell Drive, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, United States
| | - Michael P Ellenberger
- Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse-Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health , 333 Cassell Drive, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, United States
| | - Thomas M Keck
- Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse-Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health , 333 Cassell Drive, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, United States.,Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Department of Biomedical & Translational Sciences, College of Science and Mathematics, Rowan University , 201 Mullica Hill Road, Glassboro, New Jersey 08028, United States
| | - Elie Pommier
- Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse-Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health , 333 Cassell Drive, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, United States.,Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins Drug Discovery, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine , 855 North Wolfe Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, United States
| | - Rana Rais
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins Drug Discovery, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine , 855 North Wolfe Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, United States
| | - Barbara S Slusher
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins Drug Discovery, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine , 855 North Wolfe Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, United States
| | - Eliot Gardner
- Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse-Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health , 333 Cassell Drive, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, United States
| | - Zhi-Bing You
- Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse-Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health , 333 Cassell Drive, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, United States
| | - Zheng-Xiong Xi
- Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse-Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health , 333 Cassell Drive, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, United States
| | - Amy Hauck Newman
- Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse-Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health , 333 Cassell Drive, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, United States
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43
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Cortés A, Moreno E, Rodríguez-Ruiz M, Canela EI, Casadó V. Targeting the dopamine D3 receptor: an overview of drug design strategies. Expert Opin Drug Discov 2016; 11:641-64. [PMID: 27135354 DOI: 10.1080/17460441.2016.1185413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Dopamine is a neurotransmitter widely distributed in both the periphery and the central nervous system (CNS). Its physiological effects are mediated by five closely related G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) that are divided into two major subclasses: the D1-like (D1, D5) and the D2-like (D2, D3, D4) receptors. D3 receptors (D3Rs) have the highest density in the limbic areas of the brain, which are associated with cognitive and emotional functions. These receptors are therefore attractive targets for therapeutic management. AREAS COVERED This review summarizes the functional and pharmacological characteristics of D3Rs, including the design and clinical relevance of full agonists, partial agonists and antagonists, as well as the capacity of these receptors to form active homodimers, heterodimers or higher order receptor complexes as pharmacological targets in several neurological and neurodegenerative disorders. EXPERT OPINION The high sequence homology between D3R and the D2-type challenges the development of D3R-selective compounds. The design of new D3R-preferential ligands with improved physicochemical properties should provide a better pharmacokinetic/bioavailability profile and lesser toxicity than is found with existing D3R ligands. It is also essential to optimize D3R affinity and, especially, D3R vs. D2-type binding and functional selectivity ratios. Developing allosteric and bitopic ligands should help to improve the D3R selectivity of these drugs. As most evidence points to the ability of GPCRs to form homomers and heteromers, the most promising therapeutic strategy in the future is likely to involve the application of heteromer-selective drugs. These selective ligands would display different affinities for a given receptor depending on the receptor partners within the heteromer. Therefore, designing novel compounds that specifically target and modulate D1R-D3R heteromers would be an interesting approach for the treatment of levodopa (L-DOPA)-induced dyskinesias.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antoni Cortés
- a Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED) , Spain.,b Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biomedicine, Faculty of Biology, Institute of Biomedicine of the University of Barcelona (IBUB) , University of Barcelona , Barcelona , Spain
| | - Estefanía Moreno
- a Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED) , Spain.,b Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biomedicine, Faculty of Biology, Institute of Biomedicine of the University of Barcelona (IBUB) , University of Barcelona , Barcelona , Spain
| | - Mar Rodríguez-Ruiz
- a Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED) , Spain.,b Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biomedicine, Faculty of Biology, Institute of Biomedicine of the University of Barcelona (IBUB) , University of Barcelona , Barcelona , Spain
| | - Enric I Canela
- a Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED) , Spain.,b Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biomedicine, Faculty of Biology, Institute of Biomedicine of the University of Barcelona (IBUB) , University of Barcelona , Barcelona , Spain
| | - Vicent Casadó
- a Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED) , Spain.,b Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biomedicine, Faculty of Biology, Institute of Biomedicine of the University of Barcelona (IBUB) , University of Barcelona , Barcelona , Spain
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