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Du M, Yu J, Jiang H, Song Z, Geng Y, Zhou E. Polymer Based on Asymmetrically Halogenated Benzotriazole Enables High Performance Organic Solar Cells Prepared in Nonhalogenated Solvent. ACS Macro Lett 2024:1240-1244. [PMID: 39259180 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.4c00195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/12/2024]
Abstract
Halogenation on the A unit of the D-π-A-type polymer donor has been proven as an effective strategy to improve the performance of organic solar cells (OSCs). Compared with fluorination, chlorination usually increases the open-circuit voltage because of the downward shift of energy levels, but decreases the charge transport ability due to the large steric hindrance of the chlorine atom. We reported herein a method to balance the energy loss and charge transport through asymmetric halogenation on the benzotriazole (BTA) unit of the polymer. The designed PE3-FCl based on the BTA unit containing fluorine and chlorine atoms rendered the highest power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 17.83% when eC9-2Cl-γ and o-xylene were used as the electron acceptor and solvent, respectively. The performance is obviously higher than that of the polymer PE3 containing a difluorinated BTA unit (16.65%) and polymer PE3-2Cl with dichlorinated BTA (14.65%) due to the manipulated morphology by preaggregation, improved and more balanced charge carrier transport, and reduced recombination loss. Notably, this PCE is a breakthrough for the BTA-based polymers processed by nonhalogenated solvent. This work gives deep insight into the asymmetric halogenation of polymer donors for high-performance green solvent-processed OSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengzhen Du
- College of Biological, Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, Zhejiang 314001, China
- National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Jiagui Yu
- Henan Institute of Advanced Technology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Hai Jiang
- Henan Institute of Advanced Technology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Zhiqiang Song
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Yanfang Geng
- National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Erjun Zhou
- College of Biological, Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, Zhejiang 314001, China
- National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, China
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2
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Lin C, Peng R, Shi J, Ge Z. Research progress and application of high efficiency organic solar cells based on benzodithiophene donor materials. EXPLORATION (BEIJING, CHINA) 2024; 4:20230122. [PMID: 39175891 PMCID: PMC11335474 DOI: 10.1002/exp.20230122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/07/2024] [Indexed: 08/24/2024]
Abstract
In recent decades, the demand for clean and renewable energy has grown increasingly urgent due to the irreversible alteration of the global climate change. As a result, organic solar cells (OSCs) have emerged as a promising alternative to address this issue. In this review, we summarize the recent progress in the molecular design strategies of benzodithiophene (BDT)-based polymer and small molecule donor materials since their birth, focusing on the development of main-chain engineering, side-chain engineering and other unique molecular design paths. Up to now, the state-of-the-art power conversion efficiency (PCE) of binary OSCs prepared by BDT-based donor materials has approached 20%. This work discusses the potential relationship between the molecular changes of donor materials and photoelectric performance in corresponding OSC devices in detail, thereby presenting a rational molecular design guidance for stable and efficient donor materials in future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Congqi Lin
- Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Research Center of Energy Optoelectronic Materials and DevicesNingbo Institute of Materials Technology and EngineeringChinese Academy of SciencesNingboPeople's Republic of China
- Faculty of Materials and Chemical EngineeringNingbo UniversityNingboPeople's Republic of China
| | - Ruixiang Peng
- Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Research Center of Energy Optoelectronic Materials and DevicesNingbo Institute of Materials Technology and EngineeringChinese Academy of SciencesNingboPeople's Republic of China
| | - Jingyu Shi
- Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Research Center of Energy Optoelectronic Materials and DevicesNingbo Institute of Materials Technology and EngineeringChinese Academy of SciencesNingboPeople's Republic of China
| | - Ziyi Ge
- Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Research Center of Energy Optoelectronic Materials and DevicesNingbo Institute of Materials Technology and EngineeringChinese Academy of SciencesNingboPeople's Republic of China
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3
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Crociani L. The Double-Cross of Benzotriazole-Based Polymers as Donors and Acceptors in Non-Fullerene Organic Solar Cells. Molecules 2024; 29:3625. [PMID: 39125030 PMCID: PMC11313701 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29153625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2024] [Revised: 07/24/2024] [Accepted: 07/25/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Organic solar cells (OSCs) are considered a very promising technology to convert solar energy to electricity and a feasible option for the energy market because of the advantages of light weight, flexibility, and roll-to-roll manufacturing. They are mainly characterized by a bulk heterojunction structure where a polymer donor is blended with an electron acceptor. Their performance is highly affected by the design of donor-acceptor conjugated polymers and the choice of suitable acceptor. In particular, benzotriazole, a typical electron-deficient penta-heterocycle, has been combined with various donors to provide wide bandgap donor polymers, which have received a great deal of attention with the development of non-fullerene acceptors (NFAs) because of their suitable matching to provide devices with relevant power conversion efficiency (PCE). Moreover, different benzotriazole-based polymers are gaining more and more interest because they are considered promising acceptors in OSCs. Since the development of a suitable method to choose generally a donor/acceptor material is a challenging issue, this review is meant to be useful especially for organic chemical scientists to understand all the progress achieved with benzotriazole-based polymers used as donors with NFAs and as acceptors with different donors in OSCs, in particular referring to the PCE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Crociani
- Institute of Condensed Matter Chemistry and Energy Technologies, ICMATE, National Research Council of Italy, CNR, Corso Stati Uniti 4, 35127 Padua, Italy
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4
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Li D, Wang H, Chen J, Wu Q. Fluorinated Polymer Donors for Nonfullerene Organic Solar Cells. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202303155. [PMID: 38018363 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202303155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Revised: 11/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/30/2023]
Abstract
The rapid development of narrow-bandgap nonfullerene acceptors (NFAs) has boosted the efficiency of organic solar cells (OSCs) over 19 %. The new features of high-performance NFAs, such as visible-NIR light absorption, moderate the highest occupied molecular orbitals (HOMO), and high crystallinity, require polymer donors with matching physical properties. This emphasizes the importance of methods that can effectively tune the physical properties of polymers. Owning to very small atom size and strongest electronegativity, the fluorination has been proved the most efficient strategy to regulate the physical properties of polymer donors, including frontier energy level, absorption coefficient, dielectric constant, crystallinity and charge transport. Owing to the success of fluorination strategy, the vast majority of high-performance polymer donors possess one or more fluorine atoms. In this review, the fluorination synthetic methods, the synthetic route of well-known fluorinated building blocks, the fluorinated polymers which are categorized by the type of donor or acceptor units, and the relationships between the polymer structures, properties, and photovoltaic performances are comprehensively surveyed. We hope this review could provide the readers a deeper insight into fluorination strategy and lay a strong foundation for future innovation of fluorinated polymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongyan Li
- Department of Chemistry and Key Laboratory for Preparation and Application of Ordered Structural Materials of Guangdong, Shantou University, Shantou, Guangdong, 515063, China
| | - Huijuan Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Key Laboratory for Preparation and Application of Ordered Structural Materials of Guangdong, Shantou University, Shantou, Guangdong, 515063, China
| | - Jinming Chen
- Department of Chemistry and Key Laboratory for Preparation and Application of Ordered Structural Materials of Guangdong, Shantou University, Shantou, Guangdong, 515063, China
| | - Qinghe Wu
- Department of Chemistry and Key Laboratory for Preparation and Application of Ordered Structural Materials of Guangdong, Shantou University, Shantou, Guangdong, 515063, China
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Paci B, Righi Riva F, Generosi A, Guaragno M, Mangiacapre E, Brutti S, Wagner M, Distler A, Egelhaaf HJ. Semitransparent Organic Photovoltaic Devices: Interface/Bulk Properties and Stability Issues. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 14:269. [PMID: 38334540 PMCID: PMC10857079 DOI: 10.3390/nano14030269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Revised: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
In the present work, an insight on the morpho/structural properties of semitransparent organic devices for buildings' integrated photovoltaics is presented, and issues related to interface and bulk stability are addressed. The organic photovoltaic (OPV) cells under investigation are characterized by a blend of PM6:Y6 as a photo-active layer, a ZnO ETL (electron transporting layer), a HTL (hole transporting layer) of HTL-X and a transparent electrode composed by Ag nanowires (AgNWs). The devices' active nanomaterials, processed as thin films, and their mutual nanoscale interfaces are investigated by a combination of in situ Energy Dispersive X-ray Reflectometry (EDXR) and ex situ Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM), X-ray Diffraction (XRD) and micro-Raman spectroscopy. In order to discriminate among diverse concomitant aging pathways potentially occurring upon working conditions, the effects of different stress factors were investigated: light and temperature. Evidence is gained of an essential structural stability, although an increased roughness at the ZnO/PM6:Y6 interface is deduced by EDXR measurements. On the contrary, an overall stability of the system subjected to thermal stress in the dark was observed, which is a clear indication of the photo-induced origin of the observed degradation phenomenon. Micro-Raman spectroscopy brings light on the origin of such effect, evidencing a photo-oxidation process of the active material in the device, using hygroscopic organic HTL, during continuous illumination in ambient moisture conditions. The process may be also triggered by a photocatalytic role of the ZnO layer. Therefore, an alternative configuration is proposed, where the hygroscopic HTL-X is replaced by the inorganic compound MoOx. The results show that such alternative configuration is stable under light stress (solar simulator), suggesting that the use of Molybdenum Oxide, limiting the photo-oxidation of the bulk PM6:Y6 active material, can prevent the cell from degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Paci
- SpecX-Lab, Istituto di Struttura della Materia CNR, Via del Fosso del Cavaliere 100, 00133 Roma, Italy
| | - Flavia Righi Riva
- SpecX-Lab, Istituto di Struttura della Materia CNR, Via del Fosso del Cavaliere 100, 00133 Roma, Italy
| | - Amanda Generosi
- SpecX-Lab, Istituto di Struttura della Materia CNR, Via del Fosso del Cavaliere 100, 00133 Roma, Italy
| | - Marco Guaragno
- SpecX-Lab, Istituto di Struttura della Materia CNR, Via del Fosso del Cavaliere 100, 00133 Roma, Italy
| | - Emanuela Mangiacapre
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università di Roma La Sapienza, P. Le Aldo Moro 2, 00185 Roma, Italy
| | - Sergio Brutti
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università di Roma La Sapienza, P. Le Aldo Moro 2, 00185 Roma, Italy
| | - Michael Wagner
- Helmholtz-Institute Erlangen-Nürnberg (HI-ERN), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH (FZJ), Immerwahrstraße 2, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
- Institute Materials for Electronics and Energy Technology (i-MEET), Department of Material Science, Faculty of Engineering, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Martensstraße 7, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Andreas Distler
- Institute Materials for Electronics and Energy Technology (i-MEET), Department of Material Science, Faculty of Engineering, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Martensstraße 7, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Hans-Joachim Egelhaaf
- Helmholtz-Institute Erlangen-Nürnberg (HI-ERN), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH (FZJ), Immerwahrstraße 2, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
- Institute Materials for Electronics and Energy Technology (i-MEET), Department of Material Science, Faculty of Engineering, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Martensstraße 7, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
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6
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Katubi KM, Saqib M, Maryam M, Mubashir T, Tahir MH, Sulaman M, Alrowaili Z, Al-Buriahi M. Machine learning assisted designing of organic semiconductors for organic solar cells: High-throughput screening and reorganization energy prediction. INORG CHEM COMMUN 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.inoche.2023.110610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/17/2023]
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Arshad MN, Shafiq I, Khalid M, Asad M, Asiri AM, Alotaibi MM, Braga AAC, Khan A, Alamry KA. Enhancing the Photovoltaic Properties via Incorporation of Selenophene Units in Organic Chromophores with A 2-π 2-A 1-π 1-A 2 Configuration: A DFT-Based Exploration. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:polym15061508. [PMID: 36987288 PMCID: PMC10051165 DOI: 10.3390/polym15061508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Revised: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Currently, polymer organic solar cells (POSCs) are widely utilized due to their significant application, such as low-cost power conversion efficiencies (PCEs). Therefore, we designed a series of photovoltaic materials (D1, D2, D3, D5 and D7) by the incorporation of selenophene units (n = 1-7) as π1-spacers by considering the importance of POSCs. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations were accomplished at MPW1PW91/6-311G (d, p) functional to explore the impact of additional selenophene units on the photovoltaic behavior of the above-mentioned compounds. A comparative analysis was conducted for designed compounds and reference compounds (D1). Reduction in energy gaps (∆E = 2.399 - 2.064 eV) with broader absorption wavelength (λmax = 655.480 - 728.376 nm) in chloroform along with larger charge transference rate was studied with the addition of selenophene units as compared to D1. A significantly higher exciton dissociation rate was studied as lower values of binding energy (Eb = 0.508 - 0.362 eV) were noted in derivatives than in the reference (Eb = 0.526 eV). Moreover, transition density matrix (TDM) and density of state (DOS) data also supported the efficient charge transition origination from HOMOs to LUMOs. Open circuit voltage (Voc) was also calculated for all the aforesaid compounds to check the efficiency, and significant results were seen (1.633-1.549 V). All the analyses supported our compounds as efficient POSCs materials with significant efficacy. These compounds might encourage the experimental researchers to synthesize them due to proficient photovoltaic materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Nadeem Arshad
- Center of Excellence for Advanced Material Research (CEAMR), King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 80203, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 80203, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Iqra Shafiq
- Institute of Chemistry, Khwaja Fareed University of Engineering & Information Technology, Rahim Yar Khan 64200, Pakistan
- Centre for Theoretical and Computational Research, Khwaja Fareed University of Engineering & Information Technology, Rahim Yar Khan 64200, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Khalid
- Institute of Chemistry, Khwaja Fareed University of Engineering & Information Technology, Rahim Yar Khan 64200, Pakistan
- Centre for Theoretical and Computational Research, Khwaja Fareed University of Engineering & Information Technology, Rahim Yar Khan 64200, Pakistan
| | - Mohammad Asad
- Center of Excellence for Advanced Material Research (CEAMR), King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 80203, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 80203, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah M Asiri
- Center of Excellence for Advanced Material Research (CEAMR), King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 80203, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 80203, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Maha M Alotaibi
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 80203, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ataualpa A C Braga
- Departamento de Química Fundamental, Instituto de Química, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes, 748, Sao Paulo 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Anish Khan
- Center of Excellence for Advanced Material Research (CEAMR), King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 80203, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 80203, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khalid A Alamry
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 80203, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
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8
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Zhang S, Son DH, Nasrun RFB, Salma SA, Suh H, Kim JH. Medium Bandgap Polymers for Efficient Non-Fullerene Polymer Solar Cells-An In-Depth Study of Structural Diversity of Polymer Structure. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 24:522. [PMID: 36613965 PMCID: PMC9820695 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24010522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Revised: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
A series of medium bandgap polymer donors, named poly(1-(5-(4,8-bis(5-(2-ethylhexyl)-4-fluorothiophen-2-yl)benzo [1,2-b:4,5-b']dithiophen-2-yl)thiophen-2-yl)-5-((4,5-dihexylthiophen-2-yl)methylene)-3-(thiophen-2-yl)-4H-cyclopenta[c]thiophene-4,6(5H)-dione) (IND-T-BDTF), poly(1-(5-(4,8-bis(5-(2-ethylhexyl)-4-fluorothiophen-2-yl)benzo [1,2-b:4,5-b']dithiophen-2-yl)-4-hexylthiophen-2-yl)-5-((4,5-dihexylthiophen-2-yl)methylene)-3-(4-hexylthiophen-2-yl)-4H-cyclopenta[c]thiophene-4,6(5H)-dione (IND-HT-BDTF), and poly(1-(5-(4,8-bis(5-(2-ethylhexyl)-4-fluorothiophen-2-yl)benzo [1,2-b:4,5-b']dithiophen-2-yl)-6-octylthieno [3,2-b]thiophen-2-yl)-5-((4,5-dihexylthiophen-2-yl)methylene)-3-(6-octylthieno [3,2-b]thiophen-2-yl)-4H-cyclopenta[c]thiophene-4,6(5H)-dione (IND-OTT-BDTF), are developed for non-fullerene acceptors (NFAs) polymer solar cells (PSCs). Three polymers consist of donor-acceptor building block, where the electron-donating fluorinated benzodithiophene (BDTF) unit is linked to the electron-accepting 4H-cyclopenta[c]thiophene-4,6(5H)-dione (IND) derivative via thiophene (T) or thieno [3,2-b]thiopene (TT) bridges. The absorption range of the polymer donors based on IND in this study shows 400~800 nm, which complimenting the absorption of Y6BO (600~1000 nm). The PSC's performances are also significantly impacted by the π-bridges. NFAs inverted type PSCs based on polymer donors and Y6BO acceptor are fabricated. The power conversion efficiency (PCE) of the device based on IND-OTT-BDTF reaches up to 11.69% among all polymers with a short circuit current of 26.37 mA/cm2, an open circuit voltage of 0.79 V, and a fill factor of 56.2%, respectively. This study provides fundamental information on the invention of new polymer donors for NFA-based PSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shimiao Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and Chemistry Institute for Functional Materials, Pusan National University (PNU), Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Hwan Son
- CECS Research Institute, Core Research Institute, Busan 48513, Republic of Korea
- Department of Polymer Engineering, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Republic of Korea
| | - Rahmatia Fitri Binti Nasrun
- CECS Research Institute, Core Research Institute, Busan 48513, Republic of Korea
- Department of Polymer Engineering, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Republic of Korea
| | - Sabrina Aufar Salma
- CECS Research Institute, Core Research Institute, Busan 48513, Republic of Korea
- Department of Polymer Engineering, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Republic of Korea
| | - Hongsuk Suh
- Department of Chemistry and Chemistry Institute for Functional Materials, Pusan National University (PNU), Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Joo Hyun Kim
- CECS Research Institute, Core Research Institute, Busan 48513, Republic of Korea
- Department of Polymer Engineering, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Republic of Korea
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Qiu D, Shi Y, Li Y, Zhang J, Lu K, Wei Z. Conjugation expansion strategy enables highly stable all-polymer solar cells. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2022.108019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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10
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Gao X, Yu K, Zhao Y, Zhang T, Wen J, Liu Z, Liu Z, Ye G, Gao J, Ge Z, Liu Z. Effects of subtle change in side chains on the photovoltaic performance of small molecular donors for solar cells. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2021.12.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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11
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Zhou J, He Z, Sun Y, Tang A, Guo Q, Zhou E. Organic Photovoltaic Cells Based on Nonhalogenated Polymer Donors and Nonhalogenated A-DA'D-A-Type Nonfullerene Acceptors with High VOC and Low Nonradiative Voltage Loss. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:41296-41303. [PMID: 36052498 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c10059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Compared with other all-inorganic/organic-inorganic hybrid solar cells, the large voltage loss (Vloss) of organic photovoltaic (OPV) cells, especially the nonradiative voltage loss (ΔVnonrad), limited the further improvement of performance. Although A-DA'D-A-type Y-series nonfullerene acceptors (NFAs) largely improve the power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) to 18%, the open-circuit voltage (VOC) of this kind of material was still restricted to below 1.0 V. Herein, we designed and synthesized a narrow bandgap (Eg = 1.41 eV) acceptor BTA77 with an A-DA'D-A-type backbone containing a nonhalogenated terminal group to achieve high electroluminescence efficiency and high VOC. Combined with the nonhalogenated polymer PBDB-T with a conjugated thiophene side chain, BTA77 realized a VOC of 0.944 V, a Vloss of 0.552 V, and a PCE of 13.75%, which is one of the highest PCEs based on nonhalogenated A-DA'D-A-type acceptors with VOC > 0.9 V. After further blending with the nonhalogenated donor polymer PBT1-C with a conjugated phenyl side chain, the VOC increases to 1.021 V with a super low ΔVnonrad of 0.14 V owing to the greatly improved electroluminescence external quantum efficiency (EQEEL) of 4.42 × 10-3. Our results indicate that there is still a large room to decrease the ΔVnonrad and increase VOC by synergistic molecular engineering of p-type polymers and n-type small molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jialing Zhou
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Zehua He
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, China
- Henan Institutes of Advanced Technology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450003, China
| | - Yanming Sun
- School of Chemistry, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Ailing Tang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Qiang Guo
- Henan Institutes of Advanced Technology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450003, China
| | - Erjun Zhou
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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Xu S, Wang W, Liu H, Yu X, Qin F, Luo H, Zhou Y, Li Z. A New Diazabenzo[k]fluoranthene-based D-A Conjugated Polymer Donor for Efficient Organic Solar Cells. Macromol Rapid Commun 2022; 43:e2200276. [PMID: 35567333 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202200276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Revised: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The development of wide-bandgap polymer donors having complementary absorption and compatible energy levels with near-infared (NIR) absorbing nonfullerene acceptors is highly important for realizing high-performance organic solar cells (OSCs). Herein, a new thiophene-fused diazabenzo[k]fluoranthene derivative has been successfully synthesized as the electron-deficient unit to construct an efficient donor-acceptor (D-A) type alternating copolymer donor, namely PABF-Cl, using the chlorinated benzo[1,2-b:4,5-b']dithiophene as the copolymerization unit. PABF-Cl exhibits a wide optical bandgap of 1.93 eV, a deep highest occupied molecular level of -5.36 eV, and efficient hole transport. As a result, OSCs with the best power conversion efficiency of 11.8% has been successfully obtained by using PABF-Cl as the donor to blend with a NIR absorbing BTP-eC9 acceptor. Our work thus provides a new design of electron-deficient unit for constructing high performance D-A type polymer donors. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaoheng Xu
- Key Laboratory for Material Chemistry of Energy Conversion and Storage, Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry and Service Failure, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, P. R. China.,Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, P. R. China
| | - Wen Wang
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, P. R. China
| | - Hongtao Liu
- Key Laboratory for Material Chemistry of Energy Conversion and Storage, Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry and Service Failure, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, P. R. China
| | - Xinyu Yu
- Key Laboratory for Material Chemistry of Energy Conversion and Storage, Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry and Service Failure, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, P. R. China
| | - Fei Qin
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, P. R. China
| | - Hao Luo
- Key Laboratory for Material Chemistry of Energy Conversion and Storage, Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry and Service Failure, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, P. R. China
| | - Yinhua Zhou
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, P. R. China
| | - Zhong'an Li
- Key Laboratory for Material Chemistry of Energy Conversion and Storage, Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry and Service Failure, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, P. R. China
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Keshtov ML, Konstantinov IO, Khokhlov AR, Ostapov IE, Alekseev VG, Xie Z, Dahiya H, Sharma GD. Synthesis of D‐A copolymers based on thiadiazole and thiazolothiazole acceptor units and their applications in ternary polymer solar cells. JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/pol.20220096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mukhamed L. Keshtov
- A.N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds of the Russian Academy of Sciences Moscow Russian Federation
| | - Igor O. Konstantinov
- A.N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds of the Russian Academy of Sciences Moscow Russian Federation
| | - Alexei R. Khokhlov
- A.N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds of the Russian Academy of Sciences Moscow Russian Federation
| | - Ilya E. Ostapov
- A.N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds of the Russian Academy of Sciences Moscow Russian Federation
| | | | - Zhiyuan Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry of Chinese Academy of Sciences Changchun China
| | - Hemraj Dahiya
- Department of Physics The LNM Institute for Information Technology Jaipur India
| | - Ganesh D. Sharma
- Department of Physics The LNM Institute for Information Technology Jaipur India
- Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering The LNM Institute of Information Technology Jaipur India
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14
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Greenstein BL, Hiener DC, Hutchison GR. Computational Evolution of High-Performing Unfused Non-Fullerene Acceptors for Organic Solar Cells. J Chem Phys 2022; 156:174107. [DOI: 10.1063/5.0087299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Materials optimization for organic solar cells (OSCs) is a highly active field, with many approaches using empirical experimental synthesis, computational brute-force approaches to screen candidates in a given subset of chemical space, or generative machine learning methods which often require significant training sets. While these methods may find high-performing materials, they can be inefficient and time-consuming. Genetic algorithms (GAs) are an alternative approach, allowing for the "virtual synthesis" of molecules and a prediction of their ``fitness' for some property, with new candidates suggested based on good characteristics of previously generated molecules. In this work, a GA is used to discover high-performing unfused non-fullerene acceptors (NFAs) based on an empirical prediction of power conversion efficiency (PCE) and provides design rules for future work. The electron withdrawing/donating strength, as well as the sequence and symmetry of those units are examined. The utilization of a GA over a brute force approach resulted in speedups up to $1.8 \times 10^{12}$. New types of units not frequently seen in OSCs are suggested, and in total 5,426 NFAs are discovered with the GA. Of these, 1,087 NFAs are predicted to have a PCE greater than 18\%, which is roughly the current record efficiency. While the symmetry of the sequence showed no correlation with PCE, analysis of the sequence arrangement revealed that higher performance can be achieved with a donor core and acceptor end groups. Future NFA designs should consider this strategy as an alternative to the current A-D-A$'$-D-A architecture.
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15
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Keshtov ML, Khokhlov AR, Godovsky DY, Ostapov ILE, Alekseev VG, Xie Z, Chayal G, Sharma GD. Novel Pyrrolo [3,4-b] dithieno [3, 2-f:2",3"-h] quinoxaline-8,10 (9H)-dione Based Wide Bandgap Conjugated Copolymers for Bulk Heterojunction Polymer Solar Cells. Macromol Rapid Commun 2022; 43:e2200060. [PMID: 35218257 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202200060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Revised: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Two D-A copolymers consisted of fused ring pyrrolo-dithieno-quinoxaline acceptor are synthesized with different donor units, i.e., benzodithiophene (BDT) with alkylthienyl (P134) and 2-ethylhexyloxy (P117) side chains. These copolymers are used as donor and a narrow bandgap acceptor Y6 to fabricate bulk heterojunction polymer solar cell devices. Owing to the strong electron-deficient fused ring pyrrolo-bithieno-quinoxaline and weak alkyl thienyl side chains in BDT, the polymer solar cells based on P134:Y6 attained the power conversion efficiency of 15.42%, which is higher than P117:Y6 counterpart (12.14%). The superior value of PCE for P134:Y6 could be associated with more well-adjusted charge transport, weak charge recombination, proficient exciton generation and dissociation into free charge carriers and their subsequent charge collection owing to the dense π-π stacking distance and more considerable crystal coherence length for the P134:Y6 thin films. This investigation confirms the great potential of a strong acceptor-weak donor tactic for developing efficient D-A copolymers consists of quinoxaline acceptor for polymer solar cells. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mukhamed L Keshtov
- A.N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement compounds of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Vavilova St., 28, Moscow, 119991, Russian Federation
| | - Alexei R Khokhlov
- A.N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement compounds of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Vavilova St., 28, Moscow, 119991, Russian Federation.,Department of Physics of Polymers and Crystals, Faculty of Physics, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory 1, Moscow, 119991, Russain Federation
| | - Dimitry Y Godovsky
- Department of Physics of Polymers and Crystals, Faculty of Physics, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory 1, Moscow, 119991, Russain Federation
| | - ILya E Ostapov
- A.N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement compounds of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Vavilova St., 28, Moscow, 119991, Russian Federation
| | - Vladimir G Alekseev
- Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry Department, Tver State University, Sadovyi per. 35, Tver, 170002, Russian Federation
| | - Zhiyuan Xie
- Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry of Chinese Academy of Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun, China
| | - Giriraj Chayal
- Department of Physics, Jai Narayan Vyas University, Jodhpur, 342011, India
| | - Ganesh D Sharma
- Department of Physics, The LNM Institute for Information Technology, Jamdoli, Jaipur, 302031, India
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16
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Yan L, Liang Z, Si J, Gong P, Wang Y, Liu X, Tong J, Li J, Hou X. Ultrafast Kinetics of Chlorinated Polymer Donors: A Faster Excitonic Dissociation Path. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:6945-6957. [PMID: 35081710 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c24348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Halogen-substituted donor/acceptor materials are widely regarded as a promising strategy toward improved power-conversion efficiencies (PCEs) in polymer solar cells (PSCs). A chlorinated polymer donor, PClBTA-PS, and its non-chlorinated analogue, PBTA-PS, are synthesized. The PClBTA-PS-based devices show significant enhancements in terms of open-circuit voltage (VOC = 0.82 V) and fill factor (FF = 76.20%). In addition, a PCE of 13.20% is obtained, which is significantly higher than that for the PBTA-PS-based devices (PCE = 7.63%). Grazing incident wide-angle X-ray scattering shows that the chlorinated polymer enables better π-π stacking in both pure and blend films. DFT and TD-DFT calculations as well as ultrafast photophysics measurements indicate that chlorinated PClBTA-PS has a smaller bonding energy and a longer spontaneous-emission lifetime. The results also reveal that the charge-transfer-state excitons in PClBTA-PS:IT4Cl blend films split into the charge-separated (CS) state via a faster dissociation path, which produces a higher yield of the CS state. Overall, this study provides a deeper understanding of how a halogen-substituted polymer can improve PSCs in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lihe Yan
- Key Laboratory for Physical Electronics and Devices of the Ministry of Education & Shaanxi Key Lab of Photonic Technique for Information, School of Electronics Science & Engineering, Faculty of Electronic and Information Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Zezhou Liang
- Key Laboratory for Physical Electronics and Devices of the Ministry of Education & Shaanxi Key Lab of Photonic Technique for Information, School of Electronics Science & Engineering, Faculty of Electronic and Information Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Jinhai Si
- Key Laboratory for Physical Electronics and Devices of the Ministry of Education & Shaanxi Key Lab of Photonic Technique for Information, School of Electronics Science & Engineering, Faculty of Electronic and Information Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Pingping Gong
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Gansu Provincial Engineering Research Center for Organic Semiconductor Materials and Application Technology, Lanzhou Jiaotong University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Yufei Wang
- Siyuan Laboratory, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Vacuum Coating Technologies and New Energy Materials, Department of Physics, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Xingpeng Liu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Gansu Provincial Engineering Research Center for Organic Semiconductor Materials and Application Technology, Lanzhou Jiaotong University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Junfeng Tong
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Gansu Provincial Engineering Research Center for Organic Semiconductor Materials and Application Technology, Lanzhou Jiaotong University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Jianfeng Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Gansu Provincial Engineering Research Center for Organic Semiconductor Materials and Application Technology, Lanzhou Jiaotong University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Xun Hou
- Key Laboratory for Physical Electronics and Devices of the Ministry of Education & Shaanxi Key Lab of Photonic Technique for Information, School of Electronics Science & Engineering, Faculty of Electronic and Information Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
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17
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Benzobisthiazole Polymer with Resonance-assisted Hydrogen Bonds for High-performance Transistor and Solar Cell Applications. CHINESE JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10118-022-2662-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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18
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Dai T, Nie Q, Lei P, Zhang B, Zhou J, Tang A, Wang H, Zeng Q, Zhou E. Effects of Halogenation on the Benzotriazole Unit of Non-Fullerene Acceptors in Organic Solar Cells with High Voltages. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:58994-59005. [PMID: 34851613 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c14317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Non-fullerene acceptors (NFAs) can be simply divided into three categories: A-D-A, A-DA'D-A, and A2-A1-D-A1-A2 according to their chemical structures. Benefiting from the easily modified 1,1-dicyanomethylene-3-indanone end groups, the halogenation on the first two types of materials has been proved to be very effective to modulate their optoelectronic properties and improve their photovoltaic performance. Hence, in this work, we systematically investigate the effect of halogenation on the classic NFA molecule of BTA3, which has the linear A2-A1-D-A1-A2-type backbone. After fluorination and chlorination, F-BTA3 and Cl-BTA3 have similar optical band gaps but lower energy levels than BTA3. When blending with a linear copolymer PE25 composed of benzodifuran and chlorinated benzotriazole (BTA) according to "Same-A-Strategy", the corresponding VOC of the halogenated NFAs gradually decreases (1.13 V for F-BTA3 and 1.09 V for Cl-BTA3), compared with that of the BTA3-based device (VOC = 1.22 V). This tendency mainly comes from the lower lowest unoccupied molecular orbital energy levels due to the strong electron-withdrawing ability of halogen atoms and the larger nonradiative energy loss. However, the power conversion efficiencies of the halogenated materials are slightly improved, from 9.08% for PE25: BTA3 to 10.45% for PE25: F-BTA3 and 10.75% for PE25: Cl-BTA, with the nonhalogenated solvent tetrahydrofuran as the processing solvent. The improved photovoltaic performance of F-BTA3 and Cl-BTA3 should come from the higher carrier mobility, weaker bimolecular recombination, and higher fluorescence quenching rate. This study illustrates that halogenation on the A1 unit is a promising strategy for developing novel and effective A2-A1-D-A1-A2-type NFAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Dai
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Qingling Nie
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Peng Lei
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Bao Zhang
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, China
- Henan Institute of Advanced Technology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450003, China
| | - Jialing Zhou
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Ailing Tang
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Helin Wang
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Qingdao Zeng
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Erjun Zhou
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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19
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Shavez M, Panda AN. Assessing Effects of Different π bridges on Properties of Random Benzodithiophene-thienothiophene Donor and Non-fullerene Acceptor Based Active Layer. J Phys Chem A 2021; 125:9852-9864. [PMID: 34738461 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.1c07378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
This report presents the effect of insertion of four different π bridges, furan, thienothiophene, thiophene, and thiazole, into a random benzodithiophene (BDT)-fluorinated-thienothiophene (TT-F) based donor. Starting from a structure of synthesized donor (D)-acceptor (A) random copolymer with 3:1 ratio, we have designed four D-π-A systems with four different π bridges. Structural, optoelectronic, and charge transport/transfer properties of these donors and donor/NDI (NDI = poly[N,N'-bis(2-hexyldecyl)-naphthalene-1,4,5,8-bis(dicarboximide)-2,6-diyl]-alt-5,5'-(2,2'-bithiophene)) blends are investigated using DFT and TD-DFT methodologies. Our results show that the thiazole based TzP1 oligomer has the deepest HOMO value resulting in the highest open circuit voltage among all systems. The maximum absorption wavelengths of π-linked systems are red-shifted compared to the parent molecule. Rates of charge transfer and charge recombination are the highest and smallest in case of the thiazole/NDI blend system. In addition, hole mobilities in thiophene, thienothiophene, and thiazole based systems are larger than in the parent system. The results indicate that the thiazole unit among the four π bridge units is the most suitable for active layer construction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohd Shavez
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati 781039, India
| | - Aditya N Panda
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati 781039, India
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Dai T, Lei P, Zhang B, Zhou J, Tang A, Geng Y, Zeng Q, Zhou E. Tricyclic or Pentacyclic D Units: Design of D-π-A-Type Copolymers for High VOC Organic Photovoltaic Cells. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:30756-30765. [PMID: 34180228 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c08487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Although there are several electron-donating (D) units, only the classic benzo[1,2-b:4,5-b']dithiophenes (BDT) unit was utilized to develop D-π-A-type copolymers for high-voltage organic photovoltaic (OPV) cells. Hence, in this work, we chose two tricyclic D units, BDT and benzo[1,2-b:4,5-b']difurans (BDF), together with one pentacyclic ring, dithieno[2,3-d;2',3'-d']benzo[1,2-b;4,5-b']dithiophenes (DTBDT), to comprehensively study the effect of different D units on the optoelectronic properties and photovoltaic performance. By copolymerized with the benzo[1,2,3]triazole (BTA) electron-accepting unit, the final copolymers J52-Cl, F11, and PE52 were combined with a nonfullerene acceptor (NFA) F-BTA3 according to the "Same-A-Strategy." As we preconceived, all the three single-junction OPV cells can obtain high open-circuit voltage (VOC) over 1.10 V. Although the tricyclic D unit of BDF exhibits a slightly lower VOC of 1.12 V because of its mildly larger energy loss of 0.698 eV, its higher carrier mobilities and exciton dissociation efficiency strikingly boost the short-circuit current (JSC) and fill factor, which contribute to a comparable PCE of 10.04% with J52-Cl (10.10%). However, the DTBDT-based polymer PE52 shows the worst performance with a PCE of 6.78% and a VOC of 1.14 V, owing to the higher bimolecular recombination and disordered molecular stacking. Our results indicate that tricyclic D units should be a better choice for constructing D-π-A-type polymers for high-voltage photovoltaic materials than the pentacyclic analogues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Dai
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Peng Lei
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Bao Zhang
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, China
- Henan Institute of Advanced Technology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450003, China
| | - Jialing Zhou
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Ailing Tang
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Yanfang Geng
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Qingdao Zeng
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Erjun Zhou
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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21
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He K, Kumar P, Yuan Y, Zhang Z, Li X, Liu H, Wang J, Li Y. A Wide Bandgap Polymer Donor Composed of Benzodithiophene and Oxime-Substituted Thiophene for High-Performance Organic Solar Cells. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:26441-26450. [PMID: 34034487 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c02442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Oxime-substituted thiophene (TO) is used as an acceptor (A) unit to copolymerize with the benzodithiophene (BDT) donor (D) unit to form a novel D-A polymer donor, PBDTTO, which has a low-lying highest occupied molecular orbital energy level (EHOMO) of -5.60 eV and a wide bandgap of 2.03 eV, forming complementary absorption and matching energy levels with the narrow bandgap nonfullerene acceptors. Organic solar cells using PBDTTO and Y6 as the donor and acceptor, respectively, exhibited a JSC of 27.03 mA cm-2, a VOC of 0.83 V, and a fill factor of 0.59, reaching a high power conversion efficiency of 13.29%. The unencapsulated devices show good long-term stability in ambient air. Compared with the acceptor monomers used in other high-performance BDT-based D-A polymer donors, which are synthesized tediously in low yields, the TO acceptor monomer can be conveniently synthesized in only two steps with a high overall yield of 70%. These results demonstrate that TO unit can be used as a promising acceptor unit for developing BDT-based D-A polymer donors at low cost while maintaining high photovoltaic performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keqiang He
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Waterloo Institute for Nanotechnology (WIN), University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Pankaj Kumar
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Waterloo Institute for Nanotechnology (WIN), University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Yi Yuan
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Waterloo Institute for Nanotechnology (WIN), University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Zhifang Zhang
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Waterloo Institute for Nanotechnology (WIN), University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Xu Li
- Institute of Chemistry, Henan Academy of Sciences, 56 Hongzhuan Road, Jinshui District, Zhengzhou, Henan 450002A, China
| | - Haitao Liu
- Institute of Chemistry, Henan Academy of Sciences, 56 Hongzhuan Road, Jinshui District, Zhengzhou, Henan 450002A, China
| | - Jinliang Wang
- Institute of Chemistry, Henan Academy of Sciences, 56 Hongzhuan Road, Jinshui District, Zhengzhou, Henan 450002A, China
| | - Yuning Li
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Waterloo Institute for Nanotechnology (WIN), University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
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22
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Park SH, Kwon NY, Kim HJ, Cho E, Kang H, Harit AK, Woo HY, Yoon HJ, Cho MJ, Choi DH. Nonhalogenated Solvent-Processed High-Performance Indoor Photovoltaics Made of New Conjugated Terpolymers with Optimized Monomer Compositions. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:13487-13498. [PMID: 33710873 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c22946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Conjugated random terpolymers, PJ-25, PJ-50, and PJ-75 were successfully synthesized from three different monomers. Fluorine-substituted benzotriazole (2F-BTA) was incorporated into 4,8-bis(4-chlorothiophen-2-yl)benzo[1,2-b:4,5-b']dithiophene (BDT-T-Cl) and a 1,3-bis(4-(2-ethylhexyl)thiophen-2-yl)-5,7-bis(2-alkyl)benzo[1,2-c:4,5-c']dithiophene-4,8-dione (BDD)-based alternating copolymer PM7 as a third monomeric unit. The solubility of the random terpolymers in nonhalogenated solvents increased with the number of 2F-BTA units in PM7. The random terpolymers were mixed with 3,9-bis(2-methylene-((3-(1,1-dicyanomethylene)-6,7-difluoro)-indanone))-5,5,11,11-tetrakis(4-hexylphenyl)-dithieno[2,3-d:2',3'-d']-s-indaceno[1,2-b:5,6-b']dithiophene (IT-4F) to fabricate organic photovoltaic (OPV) cells. Among the three terpolymers and two related binary copolymers (e.g., PM7 and J52-Cl), outdoor photovoltaic (PV) cells (AM 1.5G) based on the PJ-50:IT-4F blend showed a high power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 11.34%. In addition, PJ-50 was employed as a donor in indoor PV (IPV) cells and was blended with nonfullerene acceptors, which have different absorption ranges. Among them, the PJ-50:IT-4F-based IPV device had the highest PCE of 17.41% with a Jsc of 54.75 μA cm-2 and an FF of 0.77 under 160 μW cm-2 light-emitting diode (LED) light. The terpolymer introduced in this study can be regarded as a promising material for the fabrication of outdoor PV and IPV cells with excellent performance involving the use of an eco-friendly solvent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su Hong Park
- Department of Chemistry, Research Institute for Natural Sciences, Korea University, 145 Anam-Ro, Sungbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Na Yeon Kwon
- Department of Chemistry, Research Institute for Natural Sciences, Korea University, 145 Anam-Ro, Sungbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung Jong Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Research Institute for Natural Sciences, Korea University, 145 Anam-Ro, Sungbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Eunbin Cho
- Department of Chemistry, Research Institute for Natural Sciences, Korea University, 145 Anam-Ro, Sungbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Hungu Kang
- Department of Chemistry, Research Institute for Natural Sciences, Korea University, 145 Anam-Ro, Sungbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Amit Kumar Harit
- Department of Chemistry, Research Institute for Natural Sciences, Korea University, 145 Anam-Ro, Sungbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Han Young Woo
- Department of Chemistry, Research Institute for Natural Sciences, Korea University, 145 Anam-Ro, Sungbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyo Jae Yoon
- Department of Chemistry, Research Institute for Natural Sciences, Korea University, 145 Anam-Ro, Sungbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Ju Cho
- Department of Chemistry, Research Institute for Natural Sciences, Korea University, 145 Anam-Ro, Sungbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Hoon Choi
- Department of Chemistry, Research Institute for Natural Sciences, Korea University, 145 Anam-Ro, Sungbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
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23
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Zhou J, Zhang B, Du M, Dai T, Tang A, Guo Q, Zhou E. Side-chain engineering of copolymers based on benzotriazole (BTA) and dithieno[2,3-d;2',3'-d']benzo[1,2-b;4,5-b']dithiophenes (DTBDT) enables a high PCE of 14.6. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2021; 32:225403. [PMID: 33618344 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/abe896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2020] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Dithieno[2,3-d;2',3'-d']benzo[1,2-b;4,5-b']dithiophenes (DTBDT) is a kind of prospective candidate for constructing donor-π-acceptor (D-π-A) copolymer donors applied in organic solar cells but is restricted due to its relatively poor photovoltaic performance compared with benzo[1,2-b;4,5-b']dithiophenes (BDT)-based analog. Herein, three conjugated polymers (PE51,PE52andPE53)-based DTBDT and benzo[d][1,2,3]triazole (BTA) bearing different lengths of alkyl side chain were designed and synthesized. The change in alkyl chain length can obviously affect the energy level distribution, molecular stacking, miscibility and morphology with the non-fullerene acceptor ofY6. PolymerPE52with a moderate alkyl chain realized the highest short-current density (JSC) and fill factor (FF) of 25.36 mA cm-2and 71.94%, respectively. Compared with BDT-based analogJ52-Cl, the significantly enhanced crystallinity and intermolecular interaction ofPE52had effectively boosted the charge transport characteristic and optimized the surface morphology, thereby increasing the power conversion efficiency from 12.3% to an impressive 14.6%, which is the highest value among DTBDT-based and BTA-based polymers. Our results show that not only could high efficiency be achieved via using DTBDT as a D unit, but the length of the alkyl chain on BTA has a significant impact on the photovoltaic performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jialing Zhou
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Bao Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Henan Institute of Advanced Technology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, People's Republic of China
| | - Mengzhen Du
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Henan Institute of Advanced Technology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, People's Republic of China
| | - Tingting Dai
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Ailing Tang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiang Guo
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Henan Institute of Advanced Technology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, People's Republic of China
| | - Erjun Zhou
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
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24
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Chao P, Chen H, Pu M, Zhu Y, Han L, Zheng N, Zhou J, Chang X, Mo D, Xie Z, Meng H, He F. Chlorinated Benzo[1,2-b:4,5-c']dithiophene-4,8-dione Polymer Donor: A Small Atom Makes a Big Difference. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2021; 8:2003641. [PMID: 33643808 PMCID: PMC7887605 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202003641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Revised: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The position of a chlorine atom in a charge carrier of polymer solar cells (PSCs) is important to boost their photovoltaic performance. Herein, two chlorinated D-A conjugated polymers PBBD-Cl-α and PBBD-Cl-β are synthesized based on two new building blocks (TTO-Cl-α and TTO-Cl-β) respectively by introducing the chlorine atom into α or β position of the upper thiophene of the highly electron-deficient benzo[1,2-b:4,5-c']dithiophene-4,8-dione moiety. Single-crystal analysis demonstrates that the chlorine-free TTO shows a π-π stacking distance (d π-π) of 3.55 Å. When H atom at the α position of thiophene of TTO is replaced by Cl, both π-π stacking distance (d π-π = 3.48 Å) and Cl···S distance (d Cl-S = 4.4 Å) are simultaneously reduced for TTO-Cl-α compared with TTO. TTO-Cl-β then showed the Cl···S non-covalent interaction can further shorten the intermolecular π-π stacking separation to 3.23 Å, much smaller than that of TTO-Cl-α and TTO. After blending with BTP-eC9, PBBD-Cl-β:BTP-eC9-based PSCs achieved an outstanding power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 16.20%, much higher than PBBD:BTP-eC9 (10.06%) and PBBD-Cl-α:BTP-eC9 (13.35%) based devices. These results provide an effective strategy for design and synthesis of highly efficient donor polymers by precise positioning of the chlorine substitution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengjie Chao
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Department of ChemistrySouthern University of Science and TechnologyShenzhen518055China
- School of Advanced MaterialsPeking University Shenzhen Graduate SchoolPeking UniversityShenzhen518055China
| | - Hui Chen
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Department of ChemistrySouthern University of Science and TechnologyShenzhen518055China
- Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies and Department of chemistrySouthern University of Science and TechnologyShenzhen518055China
| | - Mingrui Pu
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Department of ChemistrySouthern University of Science and TechnologyShenzhen518055China
| | - Yulin Zhu
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Department of ChemistrySouthern University of Science and TechnologyShenzhen518055China
| | - Liang Han
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Department of ChemistrySouthern University of Science and TechnologyShenzhen518055China
| | - Nan Zheng
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and DevicesState Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and DevicesSouth China University of TechnologyGuangzhou510640China
| | - Jiadong Zhou
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and DevicesState Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and DevicesSouth China University of TechnologyGuangzhou510640China
| | - Xiaoyong Chang
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Department of ChemistrySouthern University of Science and TechnologyShenzhen518055China
| | - Daize Mo
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Department of ChemistrySouthern University of Science and TechnologyShenzhen518055China
| | - Zengqi Xie
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and DevicesState Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and DevicesSouth China University of TechnologyGuangzhou510640China
| | - Hong Meng
- School of Advanced MaterialsPeking University Shenzhen Graduate SchoolPeking UniversityShenzhen518055China
| | - Feng He
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Department of ChemistrySouthern University of Science and TechnologyShenzhen518055China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of CatalysisSouthern University of Science and TechnologyShenzhen518055China
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25
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Xu X, Yu L, Peng Q. Recent Advances in Wide Bandgap Polymer Donors and Their Applications in Organic Solar Cells. CHINESE J CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/cjoc.202000451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaopeng Xu
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, and State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University Chengdu Sichuan 610064 China
| | - Liyang Yu
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, and State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University Chengdu Sichuan 610064 China
| | - Qiang Peng
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, and State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University Chengdu Sichuan 610064 China
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26
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Zhang J, Xiang Y, Zheng S. From Y6 to BTPT-4F: a theoretical insight into the influence of the individual change of fused-ring skeleton length or side alkyl chains on molecular arrangements and electron mobility. NEW J CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1nj01515j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Organic solar cells (OSCs) based on non-fullerene acceptor (NFA) Y6 have drawn tremendous attention due to the great progress in their power conversion efficiencies (PCEs).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Zhang
- School of Materials and Energy
- Chongqing Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Technologies of Clean Energies
- Southwest University
- Chongqing
- China
| | - Yunjie Xiang
- School of Materials and Energy
- Chongqing Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Technologies of Clean Energies
- Southwest University
- Chongqing
- China
| | - Shaohui Zheng
- School of Materials and Energy
- Chongqing Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Technologies of Clean Energies
- Southwest University
- Chongqing
- China
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27
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Liu H, Zhu Z, Li H, Fan W, Ning K, Su C, Ren J, Wang L. Copolymers based on trialkylsilylethynyl-phenyl substituted benzodithiophene building blocks for efficient organic solar cells. NEW J CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1nj03555j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Trialkylsilylethynyl-phenyl was explored as a side chain to construct a benzodithiophene-containing polymer that demonstrated a PCE of 7.81% in organic solar cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haifen Liu
- School of Quality and Technical Supervision, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China
| | - Zixuan Zhu
- School of Quality and Technical Supervision, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China
| | - Huafeng Li
- Lucky Film Co., Ltd, Baoding 071054, China
| | - Weili Fan
- College of Physics Science and Technology, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China
| | - Kaihua Ning
- College of Physics Science and Technology, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China
| | - Chao Su
- College of Physics Science and Technology, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China
| | - Jingpeng Ren
- School of Quality and Technical Supervision, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China
| | - Lixin Wang
- College of Physics Science and Technology, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China
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28
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Qiu D, Adil MA, Lu K, Wei Z. The Crystallinity Control of Polymer Donor Materials for High-Performance Organic Solar Cells. Front Chem 2020; 8:603134. [PMID: 33330397 PMCID: PMC7732501 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2020.603134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Bulk heterojunction (BHJ) organic solar cells (OSCs) can be regarded as one of the most promising energy generation technologies for large-scale applications. Despite their several well-known drawbacks, the devices where polymers are employed as the donor are still leading the OSC universe in terms of performance. Such performance generally depends upon various critical factors such as the crystallinity of the material, the crystallization process during the film formation, and also the final film morphology. Despite a few reviews on the structure of the polymer donor materials and device performance, not enough attention has been paid toward the crystallinity problem. Herein, the structure and crystallinity of the representative polymer donor materials and the corresponding device properties have been briefly reviewed. Furthermore, several typical methods for controlling the crystallinity of materials have been summarized and illustrated as well. Moreover, the obstacles lying in the way of successful commercialization of such polymer solar cells have been systematically discussed. The in-depth interpretation of the crystallinity of the polymer donors in this article may stimulate novel ideas in material design and device fabrication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dingding Qiu
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, Chinese Academy of Sciences Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Muhammad Abdullah Adil
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, Chinese Academy of Sciences Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Kun Lu
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, Chinese Academy of Sciences Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhixiang Wei
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, Chinese Academy of Sciences Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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29
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Zhang ZG, Bai Y, Li Y. Benzotriazole Based 2D-conjugated Polymer Donors for High Performance Polymer Solar Cells. CHINESE JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s10118-020-2496-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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30
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Synthesis and Characterization of Benzotriazole-Based Polymer Donors with Good Planarity for Organic Photovoltaics. Macromol Res 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s13233-020-8124-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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31
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32
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Xie L, Yang C, Zhou R, Wang Z, Zhang J, Lu K, Wei Z. Ternary Organic Solar Cells Based on Two Non‐fullerene Acceptors with Complimentary Absorption and Balanced Crystallinity. CHINESE J CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/cjoc.201900554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lan Xie
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical FabricationCAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology Beijing 100190 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China
| | - Chen Yang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical FabricationCAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology Beijing 100190 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China
| | - Ruimin Zhou
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical FabricationCAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology Beijing 100190 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China
- Sino‐Danish College, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
| | - Zhen Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical FabricationCAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology Beijing 100190 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China
| | - Jianqi Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical FabricationCAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology Beijing 100190 China
| | - Kun Lu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical FabricationCAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology Beijing 100190 China
| | - Zhixiang Wei
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical FabricationCAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology Beijing 100190 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China
- Sino‐Danish College, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
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33
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Zhang Y, Wang Y, Ma R, Luo Z, Liu T, Kang SH, Yan H, Yuan Z, Yang C, Chen Y. Wide Band-gap Two-dimension Conjugated Polymer Donors with Different Amounts of Chlorine Substitution on Alkoxyphenyl Conjugated Side Chains for Non-fullerene Polymer Solar Cells. CHINESE JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s10118-020-2435-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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34
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Tang A, Li J, Zhang B, Peng J, Zhou E. Low-Bandgap n-Type Polymer Based on a Fused-DAD-Type Heptacyclic Ring for All-Polymer Solar Cell Application with a Power Conversion Efficiency of 10.7. ACS Macro Lett 2020; 9:706-712. [PMID: 35648558 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.0c00234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
An n-type polymer (A701) is designed and synthesized with an alternative A'-DAD-A'-D' backbone, where 1,1-dicyanomethylene-3-indanone (IC), dithienothiophen[3,2-b]-pyrrolobenzothiadiazole (TPBT), and benzodithiophene (BDT) are used as A', DAD, and D' units, respectively. A701 shows enhanced light absorption with a narrow bandgap of 1.42 eV and a high absorption coefficient of 6.85 × 104 cm-1 at 780 nm. It displays an uplifted LUMO (the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital) level of -3.80 eV. By introducing a high point solvent additive of 1,8-diiodooctane (DIO), all-polymer solar cells (all-PSCs) based on the PBDB-T:A701 blend exhibit efficient exciton dissociation, enhanced charge transport, and decreased bimolecular recombination. Thus, a high open-circuit voltage (VOC) of 0.92 V, a short-circuit current (JSC) of 18.27 mA cm-2, and a fill factor (FF) of 0.64 are attained, affording an impressive power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 10.70%. The low voltage loss of 0.50 V and high efficiency of 10.7% are among the top values for all-PSCs. Our results indicate that the fused DAD-type heptacyclic ring can be utilized to construct not only nonfullerene small molecular acceptors but also promising polymer acceptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ailing Tang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jianfeng Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Bao Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, China
- Henan Institutes of Advanced Technology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450003, China
| | - Jing Peng
- Organtec Ltd., Beijing 102200, China
| | - Erjun Zhou
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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35
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Chao P, Guo M, Zhu Y, Chen H, Pu M, Huang HH, Meng H, Yang C, He F. Enhanced Photovoltaic Performance by Synergistic Effect of Chlorination and Selenophene π-Bridge. Macromolecules 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.0c00405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Pengjie Chao
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
- School of Advanced Materials, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Peking University, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Meigen Guo
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Polymer Science and Technology, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Yulin Zhu
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Hui Chen
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Mingrui Pu
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Hsin-Hsiang Huang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Center for Condensed Matter Sciences, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Hong Meng
- School of Advanced Materials, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Peking University, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Chuluo Yang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Polymer Science and Technology, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Feng He
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
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36
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Kini GP, Jeon SJ, Moon DK. Design Principles and Synergistic Effects of Chlorination on a Conjugated Backbone for Efficient Organic Photovoltaics: A Critical Review. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2020; 32:e1906175. [PMID: 32020712 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201906175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2019] [Revised: 12/27/2019] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The pursuit of low-cost, flexible, and lightweight renewable power resources has led to outstanding advancements in organic solar cells (OSCs). Among the successful design principles developed for synthesizing efficient conjugated electron donor (ED) or acceptor (EA) units for OSCs, chlorination has recently emerged as a reliable approach, despite being neglected over the years. In fact, several recent studies have indicated that chlorination is more potent for large-scale production than the highly studied fluorination in several aspects, such as easy and low-cost synthesis of materials, lowering energy levels, easy tuning of molecular orientation, and morphology, thus realizing impressive power conversion efficiencies in OSCs up to 17%. Herein, an up-to-date summary of the current progress in photovoltaic results realized by incorporating a chlorinated ED or EA into OSCs is presented to recognize the benefits and drawbacks of this interesting substituent in photoactive materials. Furthermore, other aspects of chlorinated materials for application in all-small-molecule, semitransparent, tandem, ternary, single-component, and indoor OSCs are also presented. Consequently, a concise outlook is provided for future design and development of chlorinated ED or EA units, which will facilitate utilization of this approach to achieve the goal of low-cost and large-area OSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gururaj P Kini
- Nano and Information Materials (NIMs) Laboratory, Department of Chemical Engineering, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul, 05029, Korea
| | - Sung Jae Jeon
- Nano and Information Materials (NIMs) Laboratory, Department of Chemical Engineering, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul, 05029, Korea
| | - Doo Kyung Moon
- Nano and Information Materials (NIMs) Laboratory, Department of Chemical Engineering, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul, 05029, Korea
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37
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Xiao B, Du M, Wang X, Xiao Z, Li G, Tang A, Ding L, Geng Y, Sun X, Zhou E. Effects of Oxygen Atoms Introduced at Different Positions of Non-Fullerene Acceptors in the Performance of Organic Solar Cells with Poly(3-hexylthiophene). ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:1094-1102. [PMID: 31833354 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b16662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
With the development of large-area fabrication technologies for organic solar cells (OSCs), poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT) is the best choice as a photovoltaic donor polymer because it can be easily synthesized in the scale of kilograms at low cost. However, non-fullerene acceptors (NFAs) matching with P3HT for high performance OSCs are very rare. Herein, by introducing oxygen atoms into the side chains or the fused-ring core of indaceno[1,2-b:5,6-b']dithiophene, we synthesized two new A2-A1-D-A1-A2 type NFAs, where benzotriazole (BTA) and 2-(1,1-dicyanomethylene)rhodanine were used as the bridged A1 and terminal A2, respectively. The final NFAs, named BTA43 and BTA53, show wider absorption spectra and enhanced intermolecular/intramolecular interaction in comparison with their analogue BTA3 without oxygen atoms. The photovoltaic devices based on P3HT:BTA43 and P3HT:BTA53 can achieve a high power conversion efficiency of 6.56 and 6.31%, respectively, which are obviously higher than that of BTA3 (5.64%). Our results provide a simple and effective strategy to design promising NFAs to pair with the classic photovoltaic polymer P3HT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Xiao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience , National Center for Nanoscience and Technology , Beijing 100190 , China
| | - Mengzhen Du
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience , National Center for Nanoscience and Technology , Beijing 100190 , China
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronic (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Jiangsu National Synergistic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM) , Nanjing Tech University (Nanjing Tech) , 30 South Puzhu Road , Nanjing 211816 , China
| | - Xiaochen Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience , National Center for Nanoscience and Technology , Beijing 100190 , China
| | - Zuo Xiao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience , National Center for Nanoscience and Technology , Beijing 100190 , China
| | - Gongqiang Li
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronic (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Jiangsu National Synergistic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM) , Nanjing Tech University (Nanjing Tech) , 30 South Puzhu Road , Nanjing 211816 , China
| | - Ailing Tang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience , National Center for Nanoscience and Technology , Beijing 100190 , China
| | - Liming Ding
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience , National Center for Nanoscience and Technology , Beijing 100190 , China
| | - Yanfang Geng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience , National Center for Nanoscience and Technology , Beijing 100190 , China
| | - Xiangnan Sun
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience , National Center for Nanoscience and Technology , Beijing 100190 , China
| | - Erjun Zhou
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience , National Center for Nanoscience and Technology , Beijing 100190 , China
- Henan Institutes of Advanced Technology , Zhengzhou University , Zhengzhou 450003 , China
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38
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Yao L, Liao H, Ravva MK, Guo Y, Duan J, Wang Y, Yu Y, Li Z, McCulloch I, Yue W. Metal-free polymerization: synthesis and properties of fused benzo[1,2-b:4,5-b′]bis[b]benzothiophene (BBBT) polymers. Polym Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0py00623h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
A family of fused semiconducting polymers containing the thienoacenes BBBT has been synthesized efficiently by non-metal and environmentally benign polymerization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liping Yao
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Chemistry and Engineering of Forest Products
- Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center for Chemistry and Engineering of Forest Products
- Guangxi University for Nationalities
- Nanning 530006
| | - Hailiang Liao
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies
- Key Laboratory for Polymeric Composite and Functional Materials of Ministry of Education
- School of Materials and Engineering
- Sun Yet-Sen University
- Guangzhou 510275
| | | | - Yanjun Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies
- Key Laboratory for Polymeric Composite and Functional Materials of Ministry of Education
- School of Materials and Engineering
- Sun Yet-Sen University
- Guangzhou 510275
| | - Jiayao Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies
- Key Laboratory for Polymeric Composite and Functional Materials of Ministry of Education
- School of Materials and Engineering
- Sun Yet-Sen University
- Guangzhou 510275
| | - Yazhou Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies
- Key Laboratory for Polymeric Composite and Functional Materials of Ministry of Education
- School of Materials and Engineering
- Sun Yet-Sen University
- Guangzhou 510275
| | - Yaping Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies
- Key Laboratory for Polymeric Composite and Functional Materials of Ministry of Education
- School of Materials and Engineering
- Sun Yet-Sen University
- Guangzhou 510275
| | - Zhengke Li
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies
- Key Laboratory for Polymeric Composite and Functional Materials of Ministry of Education
- School of Materials and Engineering
- Sun Yet-Sen University
- Guangzhou 510275
| | - Iain McCulloch
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST) KAUST Solar Centre
- Thuwal
- Saudi Arabia
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Plastic Electronics
- Imperial College London
| | - Wan Yue
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies
- Key Laboratory for Polymeric Composite and Functional Materials of Ministry of Education
- School of Materials and Engineering
- Sun Yet-Sen University
- Guangzhou 510275
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39
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Chao P, Chen H, Zhu Y, Zheng N, Meng H, He F. Chlorination of Conjugated Side Chains To Enhance Intermolecular Interactions for Elevated Solar Conversion. Macromolecules 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.9b02395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pengjie Chao
- School of Advanced Materials, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Peking University, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | | | | | - Nan Zheng
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Hong Meng
- School of Advanced Materials, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Peking University, Shenzhen, 518055, China
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40
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Li F, Tang A, Zhang B, Zhou E. Indacenodithieno[3,2- b]thiophene-Based Wide Bandgap D-π-A Copolymer for Nonfullerene Organic Solar Cells. ACS Macro Lett 2019; 8:1599-1604. [PMID: 35619396 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.9b00704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Herein, a wide-bandgap (2.02 eV) donor-π-acceptor (D-π-A) polymer PIDTT-DTffBTA, composed of a rigid indacenodithieno[3,2-b]thiophene (IDTT) and fluorinated benzo[d][1,2,3]triazole (ffBTA) units as D and A units, respectively, is synthesized. In comparison with its analogue benzodithiophene-alt-benzotriazole copolymer J52 with classic benzodithiophene (BDT) as the D unit, PIDTT-DTffBTA demonstrates a lower-lying HOMO energy level and higher carrier mobilities when paired with a nonfullerene acceptor (NFA) Y6 based on a ladder-type dithienothiophen[3.2-b]-pyrrolobenzothiadiazole central unit. Thus, PIDTT-DTffBTA:Y6 based organic solar cells (OSCs) exhibit an improved power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 11.05% than that of J52:Y6 (7.15%), which is also the highest value for IDTT-based photovoltaic polymers. This result proves that the IDTT unit is also a promising building block to construct not only NFAs but also p-type photovoltaic polymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Ailing Tang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Bao Zhang
- Henan Institutes of Advanced Technology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450003, China
| | - Erjun Zhou
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, China
- Henan Institutes of Advanced Technology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450003, China
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41
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An N, Ran H, Geng Y, Zeng Q, Hu J, Yang J, Sun Y, Wang X, Zhou E. Exploring a Fused 2-(Thiophen-2-yl)thieno[3,2- b]thiophene (T-TT) Building Block to Construct n-Type Polymer for High-Performance All-Polymer Solar Cells. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:42412-42419. [PMID: 31619042 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b12814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
In the field of all-polymer solar cells, exploring new electron-donating units (D) to match with electron-accepting units (A) is an important subject to promote the performance of D-A-type polymer acceptors. Herein, we developed a fused D unit 2-(thiophen-2-yl)thieno[3,2-b]thiophene (T-TT) derivated from the famous 2-(2-(thiophen-2-yl)vinyl)thiophene (TVT) unit. With classical naphthalene diimide (NDI) as A unit, the new D-A polymer PNDI-T-TT exhibits enhanced absorption coefficient, electron mobility, and miscibility with donor polymer in comparison with the analogous PNDI-TVT polymer. These advantages can be attributed to the enlarged conjugation and reduced rotamers due to the fused T-TT unit, leading to a stronger intermolecular interaction. When blending with the donor polymer PBDB-T, both NDI-based polymers can form better interpenetrating nanostructures than the corresponding blend films with the donor polymer J71. Finally, PBDB-T/PNDI-T-TT device achieves a power conversion efficiency of 6.1%, which is much higher than that of PBDB-T/PNDI-TVT device (4.24%). These results demonstrate that n-type polymer based on fused T-TT unit can ameliorate the absorption coefficient, molecular aggregation, and charge-carrier mobility and consequently achieve an improved photovoltaic performance in comparison with the classic TVT unit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning An
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience , National Center for Nanoscience and Technology , Beijing 100190 , China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering , University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , China
| | - Huijuan Ran
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Advanced Energy Devices, School of Materials Science and Engineering , Shaanxi Normal University , Xi'an 710119 , China
| | - Yanfang Geng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience , National Center for Nanoscience and Technology , Beijing 100190 , China
| | - Qingdao Zeng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience , National Center for Nanoscience and Technology , Beijing 100190 , China
| | - Jianyong Hu
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Advanced Energy Devices, School of Materials Science and Engineering , Shaanxi Normal University , Xi'an 710119 , China
| | - Jing Yang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience , National Center for Nanoscience and Technology , Beijing 100190 , China
| | - Yanming Sun
- School of Chemistry , Beihang University , Beijing 100191 , China
| | - Xiaochen Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience , National Center for Nanoscience and Technology , Beijing 100190 , China
| | - Erjun Zhou
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience , National Center for Nanoscience and Technology , Beijing 100190 , China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering , University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , China
- Henan Institutes of Advanced Technology , Zhengzhou University , Zhengzhou 450003 , China
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