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Cui L, Song Y, Hou Z, Yang L, Guo S, Wang C. From bench to bedside: the research status and application opportunity of extracellular vesicles and their engineering strategies in the treatment of skin defects. J Nanobiotechnology 2025; 23:375. [PMID: 40414838 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-025-03461-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2024] [Accepted: 05/11/2025] [Indexed: 05/27/2025] Open
Abstract
Engineered extracellular vesicles (EVs), which are EVs modified to enhance certain biological properties, offer a promising therapeutic strategy for the treatment of skin defects. Conventional nanomaterials often encounter clinical translation challenges due to potential toxicity and limited targeting. Engineered EVs, utilizing inherent biocompatibility and effective physiological barrier traversal, can ameliorate the limitations of conventional EV therapies to some extent, including detection, isolation, purification, and therapeutic validation. Recent advances in EV engineering, such as genetic modification of production cells to control cargo, surface engineering for targeted delivery, and pre-treatment of parental cells to optimize production and bioactivity, have improved therapeutic efficacy in laboratory studies through enhanced targeting, prolonged retention time, and increased yield. Many studies have suggested the potential ability of engineered EVs to treat a variety of skin defects, including diabetic wounds, burns, and hypertrophic scars, providing a promising avenue for their clinical translation in this area. This paper reviews the therapeutic potential of engineered EVs in skin regeneration, highlighting their role in promoting cell migration and angiogenesis, modulating inflammation and reducing scar formation during wound healing. In addition, given the investment in this rapidly evolving field and the growing clinical trial activity, this review also explores recent global advances and provides an outlook on future application opportunities for EVs in the treatment of skin defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Longwei Cui
- Department of Plastic Surgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110002, People's Republic of China
| | - Yantao Song
- Department of Plastic Surgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110002, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhipeng Hou
- Research Center for Biomedical Materials, Shenyang Key Laboratory of Biomedical Polymers, Engineering Research Center of Ministry of Education for Minimally Invasive Gastrointestinal Endoscopic Techniques, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110004, People's Republic of China
| | - Liqun Yang
- Research Center for Biomedical Materials, Shenyang Key Laboratory of Biomedical Polymers, Engineering Research Center of Ministry of Education for Minimally Invasive Gastrointestinal Endoscopic Techniques, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110004, People's Republic of China.
| | - Shu Guo
- Department of Plastic Surgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110002, People's Republic of China.
| | - Chenchao Wang
- Department of Plastic Surgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110002, People's Republic of China.
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2
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Liu C, Cheng C, Cheng K, Gao AS, Li Q, Atala A, Zhang Y. Precision exosome engineering for enhanced wound healing and scar revision. J Transl Med 2025; 23:578. [PMID: 40410904 PMCID: PMC12103044 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-025-06578-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2025] [Accepted: 05/05/2025] [Indexed: 05/25/2025] Open
Abstract
The dysfunction of wound-healing processes can result in chronic non-healing wounds and pathological scar formation. Current treatment options often fall short, necessitating innovative approaches. Exosomes, extracellular vesicles secreted by various cells, have emerged as promising therapeutic agents serving as an intercellular communication system. By engineering exosomes, their cargo and surface properties can be tailored to enhance therapeutic efficacy and specificity. Engineered exosomes (eExo) are emerging as a favorable tool for treating non-healing wounds and pathological scars. In this review, we delve into the underlying mechanisms of non-healing wounds and pathological scars, outline the current state of engineering strategies, and explore the clinical potential of eExo based on preclinical and clinical studies. In addition, we address the current challenges and future research directions, including standardization, safety and efficacy assessments, and potential immune responses. In conclusion, eExo hold great promise as a novel therapeutic approach for non-healing wounds and non-healing wounds and pathological scars. Further research and clinical trials are warranted to translate preclinical findings into effective clinical treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuanqi Liu
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 639 Zhizaoju Road, Shanghai, 200011, China
| | - Chen Cheng
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 639 Zhizaoju Road, Shanghai, 200011, China
| | - Kun Cheng
- Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, MO, 64108-2718, USA
| | - Allen S Gao
- Department of Urologic Surgery, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis Sacramento, CA, 95817, USA
| | - Qingfeng Li
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 639 Zhizaoju Road, Shanghai, 200011, China.
| | - Anthony Atala
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Wake Forest University Health Sciences, Winston-Salem, NC, 27151, USA
| | - Yuanyuan Zhang
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Wake Forest University Health Sciences, Winston-Salem, NC, 27151, USA.
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3
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Wang S, Cheng W, Wang X, Wu Z, Su J. Progress of microneedle targeted modulation technology in the reconstruction of immune microenvironment in diabetic wounds. Eur J Med Res 2025; 30:405. [PMID: 40394697 PMCID: PMC12090542 DOI: 10.1186/s40001-025-02667-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2025] [Accepted: 05/07/2025] [Indexed: 05/22/2025] Open
Abstract
Wound healing in diabetic patients is mainly hindered by a combination of long-term glycosylation, persistent inflammatory response, and immunosuppressive state. The interaction of these factors not only results in considerable prolongation of the wound healing process but also elevates the likelihood of recurrent ulcer development, profoundly affecting patients' quality of life. Traditional treatments, including surgical debridement, anti-infection, dressing application, vascular intervention, and glycaemic control, can only relieve some symptoms. However, they are often ineffective in addressing the underlying cause of impaired wound healing. It is of concern that the importance of the immune microenvironment in diabetic wound healing has not yet been fully appreciated and investigated, and the homeostasis of the immune microenvironment is crucial for promoting cell proliferation, angiogenesis, and tissue repair. However, this microenvironment is often dysregulated in the diabetic state. This paper reviews the key factors leading to dysregulation of the immune microenvironment, including immune cell dysfunction, abnormal cytokine expression, and disruption of key signalling pathways, and introduces an innovative silicone-based microneedle drug delivery method, which takes advantage of microneedle's precise targeting and highly efficient drug loading capacity to deliver drugs with immunomodulatory functions directly to the wound in a sustained manner, activate the corresponding signalling pathways, promote the polarization of M1 macrophages into the M2 phenotype, and stimulate neovascularization, providing a low inflammatory and pro-angiogenic immune microenvironment for diabetic wound healing, which provides a new therapeutic idea and means for diabetic wound healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shunsheng Wang
- Department of Burn and Plastic Surgery, Suzhou Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, 215000, China
| | - Wei Cheng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Thin Films, School of Physical Science and Technology, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, China
| | - Xue Wang
- Department of Burn and Plastic Surgery, Suzhou Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, 215000, China
| | - Zhuofan Wu
- Department of Burn and Plastic Surgery, Suzhou Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, 215000, China
| | - Jiandong Su
- Department of Burn and Plastic Surgery, Suzhou Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, 215000, China.
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4
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Yoon H, Jo J, Hyun H, Lee G, Ma S, Sohn J, Sung DK, Han CY, Kim M, Hwang D, Lee H, Shin Y, Oh KT, Lim C. Extracellular vesicle as therapeutic agents in anti-aging: Mechanistic insights and future potential. J Control Release 2025; 383:113796. [PMID: 40348131 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2025.113796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2025] [Revised: 04/14/2025] [Accepted: 04/28/2025] [Indexed: 05/14/2025]
Abstract
Aging is a multifaceted biological process marked by a gradual decline in physiological functions, driven by cellular senescence, oxidative stress, chronic inflammation, and stem cell exhaustion. Extracellular vesicles (EVs), naturally occurring nanoscale vesicles secreted by various cell types, have gained attention as potential therapeutic agents due to their ability to mediate intercellular communication by delivering bioactive molecules, including proteins, lipids, and RNAs. This review provides a comprehensive overview of EV biogenesis, cargo composition, and their mechanistic roles in counteracting aging processes. EVs from diverse sources-such as mesenchymal stem cells, embryonic stem cells, dermal fibroblasts, and colostrum-exhibit regenerative properties by modulating immune responses, enhancing tissue repair, and promoting extracellular matrix homeostasis. Recent preclinical and clinical studies further highlight their potential in addressing age-related diseases and skin rejuvenation. However, significant challenges remain, including standardization of EV production, large-scale manufacturing, safety profiling, and regulatory approval. By leveraging advancements in EV engineering, targeted delivery systems, and combination strategies with existing anti-aging interventions, EV-based therapies hold promise as next-generation approaches in regenerative medicine and longevity enhancement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyejoo Yoon
- College of Pharmacy, CHA University, 335 Pangyo-ro, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si 13488, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Junyeong Jo
- College of Pharmacy, CHA University, 335 Pangyo-ro, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si 13488, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyesun Hyun
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Gyuwon Lee
- College of Pharmacy, CHA University, 335 Pangyo-ro, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si 13488, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Seoyoung Ma
- College of Pharmacy, CHA University, 335 Pangyo-ro, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si 13488, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Jungho Sohn
- College of Pharmacy, CHA University, 335 Pangyo-ro, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si 13488, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Kyung Sung
- CHA Advanced Research Institute, 335 Pangyo-ro, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si, 13488, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Chae Young Han
- CHA Advanced Research Institute, 335 Pangyo-ro, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si, 13488, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Minkyung Kim
- CHA Advanced Research Institute, 335 Pangyo-ro, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si, 13488, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Duhyeong Hwang
- College of Pharmacy, Keimyung University, 1095 Dalgubeol-daero, Dalseo-gu, Daegu 42601, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyunji Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Kyungsung University, Busan 48434, Republic of Korea
| | - Yuseon Shin
- College of Pharmacy, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28160, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung Taek Oh
- Department of Global Innovative Drugs, The Graduate School of Chung-Ang University, 221 Heukseok-dong, Dongjak-gu, Seoul 06974, Republic of Korea; College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, 221 Heukseok-dong, Dongjak-gu, Seoul 06974, Republic of Korea.
| | - Chaemin Lim
- College of Pharmacy, CHA University, 335 Pangyo-ro, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si 13488, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea; CHA Advanced Research Institute, 335 Pangyo-ro, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si, 13488, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea.
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5
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Wang H, Wu S, Bai X, Pan D, Ning Y, Wang C, Guo L, Guo J, Gu Y. Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Derived Exosomes Hold Promise in the Treatment of Diabetic Foot Ulcers. Int J Nanomedicine 2025; 20:5837-5857. [PMID: 40351704 PMCID: PMC12065540 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s516533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2025] [Accepted: 04/11/2025] [Indexed: 05/14/2025] Open
Abstract
Diabetic foot ulcers (DFU) represent one of the most common side effects of diabetes, significantly impacting patients' quality of life and imposing considerable financial burdens on families and society at large. Despite advancements in therapies targeting lower limb revascularization and various medications and dressings, outcomes for patients with severe lesions remain limited. A recent breakthrough in DFU treatment stems from the development of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). MSCs have shown promising results in treating various diseases and skin wounds due to their ability for multidirectional differentiation and immunomodulation. Recent studies highlight that MSCs primarily repair tissue through their paracrine activities, with exosomes playing a crucial role as the main biologically active components. These exosomes transport proteins, mRNA, DNA, and other substances, facilitating DFU treatment through immunomodulation, antioxidant effects, angiogenesis promotion, endothelial cell migration and proliferation, and collagen remodeling. Mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes (MSC-Exo) not only deliver comparable therapeutic effects to MSCs but also mitigate adverse reactions like immune rejection associated with MSCs transplantation. This article provides an overview of DFU pathophysiology and explores the mechanisms and research progress of MSC-Exo in DFU therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Wang
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100053, People’s Republic of China
| | - Sensen Wu
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100053, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xinyu Bai
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, 130033, People’s Republic of China
| | - Dikang Pan
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100053, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yachan Ning
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100053, People’s Republic of China
| | - Cong Wang
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100053, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lianrui Guo
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100053, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jianming Guo
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100053, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yongquan Gu
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100053, People’s Republic of China
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Duan H, Siadat SH, Jasim SA, Bansal P, Kaur H, Qasim MT, Abosaoda MK, Aboqader Al-Aouadi RF, Suliman M, Ali Khiavi P. Therapeutic Potential of Exosomal miRNAs: New Insights and Future Directions. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2025; 39:e70270. [PMID: 40272032 DOI: 10.1002/jbt.70270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2024] [Revised: 03/13/2025] [Accepted: 04/10/2025] [Indexed: 04/25/2025]
Abstract
Modern advancements in medicine include developing targeted drug delivery systems in the medical field, which are designed to unravel the potential of therapeutic products and overcome the barriers to the effectiveness of current approaches. Various nanopolymer carrier systems have been introduced in this regard, and the simple characteristics of extracellular vesicles have drawn special attention to their application as an effective drug delivery tool. Exosomes are very similar to transport vesicles and have a lipid-biomembrane covering an aqueous core. They also contain both hydrophilic and lipophilic substances and deliver their cargo to the desired targets. These properties enable exosomes to overcome some of the limitations of liposomes. Exosomes can easily diffuse into body fluids and remain in the bloodstream for a long time, crossing physiological barriers and entering cells. Exosomes, which contain a large volume of biomolecules, do not stimulate immune responses and do not accumulate in the liver or lungs instead of target tissues. Recent advancements in regenerative medicine have enabled scientists to utilize exosomes extracted from mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), which possess significant regenerative abilities, for treating various diseases. The contents of these exosomes are crucial for both diagnosis and treatment, as they influence disease progression. Numerous in vitro studies have confirmed the safety, effectiveness, and therapeutic promise of exosomes in conditions such as cancer, neurodegenerative disorders, cardiovascular issues, and orthopedic ailments. This article explores the therapeutic potential of MSC-derived exosomes and outlines the essential procedures for their preparation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haili Duan
- China Three Gorges University, Yichang City, China
| | | | - Saade Abdalkareem Jasim
- Medical Laboratory Techniques department, College of Health and medical technology, University of Al-maarif, Anbar, Iraq
| | - Pooja Bansal
- Department of Biotechnology and Genetics, Jain (Deemed-to-be) University, Bengaluru, India
- Department of Allied Healthcare and Sciences, Vivekananda Global University, Jaipur, India
| | - Harpreet Kaur
- School of Basic & Applied Sciences, Shobhit University, Gangoh, India
- Department of Health & Allied Sciences, Arka Jain University, Jamshedpur, India
| | - Maytham T Qasim
- Immunology and Physiology, College of Health and Medical Technology, Al-Ayen University, Iraq
| | - Munther Kadhim Abosaoda
- College of Pharmacy, The Islamic University, Najaf, Iraq
- College of Pharmacy, The Islamic University of Al Diwaniyah, Al Diwaniyah, Iraq
- College of Pharmacy, The Islamic University of Babylon, Al Diwaniyah, Iraq
| | | | - Muath Suliman
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Payam Ali Khiavi
- Medicine Faculty, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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7
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Keshtkar S, Asvar Z, Najafi H, Heidari M, Kaviani M, Sarvestani FS, Tamaddon AM, Sadati MS, Hamidizadeh N, Azarpira N. Exosomes as natural vectors for therapeutic delivery of bioactive compounds in skin diseases. Front Pharmacol 2025; 16:1485769. [PMID: 40356952 PMCID: PMC12066514 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2025.1485769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2024] [Accepted: 04/07/2025] [Indexed: 05/15/2025] Open
Abstract
Skin diseases are a broad category of diseases and each has complex conditions, which makes it challenging for dermatologists to provide targeted treatment. Exosomes are natural vesicles secreted by cells and play a key role in cell communication. Due to their unique characteristics, including inherent stability, minimal immunogenicity, high biocompatibility, and exceptional ability to penetrate cells, exosomes are being explored as potential delivery vehicles for therapeutics across various diseases including skin problems. Utilizing exosomes for drug delivery in skin diseases can improve treatment outcomes and reduce the side effects of traditional drug delivery methods. Indeed, exosomes can be engineered or utilized as an innovative approach to deliver therapeutic agents such as small molecule drugs, genes, or proteins specifically to affected skin cells. In addition to targeting specific skin cells or tissues, these engineered exosome-based nanocarriers can reduce off-target effects and improve drug efficacy. Hence, this article highlights the transformative potential of this technology in revolutionizing drug delivery in dermatology and improving patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Somayeh Keshtkar
- Molecular Dermatology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Zahra Asvar
- Nanotechnology School of Advanced Medical Sciences and Technologies, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Haniyeh Najafi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Center for Nanotechnology in Drug Delivery, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mozhdeh Heidari
- Transplant Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Maryam Kaviani
- Transplant Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | | | - Ali Mohammad Tamaddon
- Department of Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Center for Nanotechnology in Drug Delivery, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Maryam Sadat Sadati
- Molecular Dermatology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Nasrin Hamidizadeh
- Molecular Dermatology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Negar Azarpira
- Transplant Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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Rong J, Li YY, Wang X, Wang JN, Song M. Non-coding RNAs in adipose-derived stem cell exosomes: Mechanisms, therapeutic potential, and challenges in wound healing. World J Stem Cells 2025; 17:102917. [PMID: 40308889 PMCID: PMC12038460 DOI: 10.4252/wjsc.v17.i4.102917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2024] [Revised: 12/23/2024] [Accepted: 03/21/2025] [Indexed: 04/23/2025] Open
Abstract
The treatment of complex wounds presents a significant clinical challenge due to the limited availability of standardized therapeutic options. Adipose-derived stem cell exosomes (ADSC-Exos) are promising for their capabilities to enhance angiogenesis, mitigate oxidative stress, modulate inflammatory pathways, support skin cell regeneration, and promote epithelialization. These exosomes deliver non-coding RNAs, including microRNAs, long non-coding RNAs, and circular RNAs, which facilitate collagen remodeling, reduce scar formation, and expedite wound healing. This study reviews the mechanisms, therapeutic roles, and challenges of non-coding RNA-loaded ADSC-Exos in wound healing and identifies critical directions for future research. It aims to provide insights for researchers into the potential mechanisms and clinical applications of ADSC-Exos non-coding RNAs in wound healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Rong
- Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, The 940 Hospital of Joint Logistics Support Force of Chinese People's Liberation Army, Lanzhou 730050, Gansu Province, China
- Department of Plateau Medicine, The 940 Hospital of Joint Logistics Support Force of Chinese People's Liberation Army, Lanzhou 730050, Gansu Province, China
| | - Yao-Yao Li
- Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, The 940 Hospital of Joint Logistics Support Force of Chinese People's Liberation Army, Lanzhou 730050, Gansu Province, China
- Department of Plateau Medicine, The 940 Hospital of Joint Logistics Support Force of Chinese People's Liberation Army, Lanzhou 730050, Gansu Province, China
| | - Xin Wang
- Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, The 940 Hospital of Joint Logistics Support Force of Chinese People's Liberation Army, Lanzhou 730050, Gansu Province, China
- Department of Plateau Medicine, The 940 Hospital of Joint Logistics Support Force of Chinese People's Liberation Army, Lanzhou 730050, Gansu Province, China
| | - Jia-Ning Wang
- Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, The 940 Hospital of Joint Logistics Support Force of Chinese People's Liberation Army, Lanzhou 730050, Gansu Province, China
- Department of Plateau Medicine, The 940 Hospital of Joint Logistics Support Force of Chinese People's Liberation Army, Lanzhou 730050, Gansu Province, China
| | - Mei Song
- Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, The 940 Hospital of Joint Logistics Support Force of Chinese People's Liberation Army, Lanzhou 730050, Gansu Province, China
- Department of Plateau Medicine, The 940 Hospital of Joint Logistics Support Force of Chinese People's Liberation Army, Lanzhou 730050, Gansu Province, China.
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Lei X, Ring S, Jin S, Singh S, Mahnke K. Extracellular Vesicles and Their Role in Skin Inflammatory Diseases: From Pathogenesis to Therapy. Int J Mol Sci 2025; 26:3827. [PMID: 40332512 PMCID: PMC12027629 DOI: 10.3390/ijms26083827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2025] [Revised: 04/14/2025] [Accepted: 04/16/2025] [Indexed: 05/08/2025] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs), including exosomes, microvesicles, and apoptotic bodies, are released into the extracellular space by almost all known cell types. They facilitate communication between cells by transferring bioactive molecules, which impact both physiological processes and the development of diseases. EVs play a crucial role in the pathogenesis of various diseases by participating in multiple pathological processes. They contribute to disease progression by triggering cytokine release, modulating immune cell activity, and inducing inflammatory and immune responses. Beyond their pathological implications, EVs also offer significant therapeutic potential. Both natural and engineered EVs show great potential in the fields of targeted therapy, drug delivery, and immune modulation in dermatological applications. The development of EV-based treatments is showing promise in advancing patient outcomes, particularly in chronic inflammatory and immune-mediated skin conditions. This review comprehensively examined the biogenesis, classification, and functional roles of EVs, including advanced methods for their isolation and characterization. Furthermore, we summarized recent studies highlighting the involvement of EVs in four major inflammatory skin diseases: psoriasis, atopic dermatitis, systemic lupus erythematosus, and wound healing.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Karsten Mahnke
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 440, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (X.L.); (S.R.); (S.J.); (S.S.)
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Su Y, Huang Z, Chen Y, Deng J, Huang Y, Xiong W. Exosomes from miR-21-5p-modified adipose-derived stem cells promote wound healing by regulating M2 macrophage polarization in a rodent model of pressure ulcer. J Mol Histol 2025; 56:135. [PMID: 40249566 DOI: 10.1007/s10735-025-10407-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2025] [Accepted: 03/21/2025] [Indexed: 04/19/2025]
Abstract
Pressure ulcers represent a significant healthcare burden worldwide. Numerous research has demonstrated the therapeutic potential of adipose-derived stem cell (ADSC)-derived exosomes in promoting wound healing. This study aims to investigate whether exosomes derived from miRNA-modified ADSCs play a role in pressure ulcers by affecting inflammation and macrophage polarization. ADSCs were identified by detecting the surface markers and multilineage differentiation potential. Lentiviruses carrying miR-21-5p were transduced in ADSCs for stable overexpression. Exosomes were extracted from ADSCs and identified. RT-qPCR was employed to detect RNA levels. A mouse model of pressure ulcers was established, followed by injection of exosomes. DiO staining was conducted to assess exosome biodistribution at wound sites. Hematoxylin-eosin and Masson staining were conducted for histological analysis. Immunofluorescence staining was used to evaluate TNF-α and IL-6 expression in mouse wound tissues. Western blotting was conducted to evaluate protein levels of macrophage polarization markers in vivo and in vitro. The results revealed that exosomes derived from miR-21-5p-overexpressing ADSCs promoted wound healing and reduced inflammatory cytokine expression in mouse wound tissues. Moreover, exosomal miR-21-5p induced macrophage M2 polarization in both mouse wound tissues and bone marrow-derived macrophages. Mechanistically, exosomal miR-21-5p inhibited NF-κB signal transduction in mouse wound tissues. In conclusion, ADSC-derived exosomes promote M2 macrophage polarization and inhibit inflammatory response in pressure ulcers via miR-21-5p delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongsheng Su
- Department of Burn and Plastic Surgery, The People's Hospital of Baoan Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518000, China
| | - Zhibin Huang
- Department of Burn and Plastic Surgery, The People's Hospital of Baoan Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518000, China
| | - Yuanwen Chen
- Department of Burn and Plastic Surgery, The People's Hospital of Baoan Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518000, China
| | - Jingcheng Deng
- Department of Burn and Plastic Surgery, The People's Hospital of Baoan Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518000, China
| | - Yubin Huang
- Department of Burn and Plastic Surgery, The People's Hospital of Baoan Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518000, China
| | - Wei Xiong
- Department of Burn and Plastic Surgery, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Union Shenzhen Hospital, 89 Taoyuan Road, Nanshan District, Shenzhen, 518000, Guangdong, China.
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11
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Shi X, Fu N, Zhang H, Brown-Borg HM, Wang S, Zhao RC. Bioengineering strategies for augmenting wound-healing efficacy of mesenchymal stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles. Sci Bull (Beijing) 2025; 70:987-990. [PMID: 39505664 DOI: 10.1016/j.scib.2024.10.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Xianhao Shi
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, China
| | - Nan Fu
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, China
| | - Huan Zhang
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, China
| | - Holly M Brown-Borg
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine & Health Sciences, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND 58202-9037, USA
| | - Shihua Wang
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, China.
| | - Robert Chunhua Zhao
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, China.
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12
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Zhao C, Wu S, Wang H. Medicinal Plant Extracts Targeting UV-Induced Skin Damage: Molecular Mechanisms and Therapeutic Potential. Int J Mol Sci 2025; 26:2278. [PMID: 40076896 PMCID: PMC11899789 DOI: 10.3390/ijms26052278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2024] [Revised: 02/27/2025] [Accepted: 03/02/2025] [Indexed: 03/14/2025] Open
Abstract
The depletion of the ozone layer has intensified ultraviolet (UV) radiation exposure, leading to oxidative stress, DNA damage, inflammation, photoaging, and skin cancer. Medicinal plants, widely used in Traditional Herbal Medicine (THM), particularly in Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM), have demonstrated significant therapeutic potential due to their well-characterized active compounds and established photoprotective effects. This review systematically evaluates 18 medicinal plants selected based on their traditional use in skin-related conditions and emerging evidence supporting their efficacy against UV-induced skin damage. Their bioactive components exert antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, DNA repair, and depigmentation effects by modulating key signaling pathways, including Nrf2/ARE-, MAPK/AP-1-, PI3K/Akt-, and MITF/TYR-related melanogenesis pathways. Moreover, novel drug delivery systems, such as exosomes, hydrogels, and nanoemulsions, have significantly enhanced the stability, bioavailability, and skin penetration of these compounds. However, challenges remain in standardizing plant-derived formulations, elucidating complex synergistic mechanisms, and translating preclinical findings into clinical applications. Future interdisciplinary research and technological advancements will be essential to harness the full therapeutic potential of medicinal plants for UV-induced skin damage prevention and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunhui Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Plant Biotechnology of Liaoning Province, School of Life Sciences, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian 116081, China; (C.Z.); (S.W.)
| | - Shiying Wu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Biotechnology of Liaoning Province, School of Life Sciences, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian 116081, China; (C.Z.); (S.W.)
| | - Hao Wang
- Lamprey Research Center, School of Life Sciences, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian 116081, China
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13
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Jian X, Han J, Liu X, Deng Y, Gao S, Xiao S, Zhang Y, Jian S, Huang Z, Hou Y, Qi F, Deng C. Exosome-carried miR-1248 from adipose-derived stem cells improves angiogenesis in diabetes-associated wounds. Int J Biol Macromol 2025; 297:139822. [PMID: 39809401 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2025.139822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2024] [Revised: 01/09/2025] [Accepted: 01/10/2025] [Indexed: 01/16/2025]
Abstract
Chronic non-healing wounds are a common complication of diabetes, marked by impaired angiogenesis. This study explores how exosomes (Exo-miR-1248) from miR-1248-overexpressing adipose-derived stem cells enhance diabetic wound healing by modulating endothelial cell function. Adipose-derived stem cells were transfected with a lentivirus carrying miR-1248 to produce Exo-miR-1248, isolated via differential centrifugation. In vitro, Exo-miR-1248's effects on proliferation, scratch wound healing, and tube formation in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were assessed. For in vivo analysis, diabetic mice were induced with streptozotocin (STZ) and full-thickness skin defects were created. The impact of Exo-miR-1248 on wound healing was evaluated through subcutaneous injections. Histological analysis included H&E staining for epithelial regeneration and wound width, Masson's staining for collagen deposition, immunofluorescence for CD31 and α-SMA expression, RT-qPCR and WB for mRNA and protein levels of pro-angiogenic genes (VEGF-A, TGF-β, and Angpt-1). Exo-miR-1248 significantly enhanced HUVEC proliferation and migration. Tube formation assays showed increased capillary-like structures. In vivo, Exo-miR-1248-treated wounds healed faster, with improved collagen deposition and blood vessel formation. RT-qPCR and WB show that the mRNA and protein levels of VEGF-A, Angpt-1, and TGF-β are upregulated. Exo-miR-1248 may enhance diabetic wound healing by upregulating pro-angiogenic factors, offering a novel therapeutic approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xichao Jian
- Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, PR China
| | - Jiansu Han
- Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, PR China
| | - Xin Liu
- Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, PR China
| | - Yaping Deng
- Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, PR China
| | - Shaoying Gao
- Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, PR China; The 2011 Collaborative Innovation Center of Tissue Damage Repair and Regeneration Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, PR China; The Collaborative Innovation Center of Tissue Damage Repair and Regeneration Medicine, Zunyi Medical University, PR China
| | - Shune Xiao
- Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, PR China; The 2011 Collaborative Innovation Center of Tissue Damage Repair and Regeneration Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, PR China; The Collaborative Innovation Center of Tissue Damage Repair and Regeneration Medicine, Zunyi Medical University, PR China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, PR China
| | - Shiyu Jian
- Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, PR China
| | - Zhanpeng Huang
- Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, PR China
| | - Yinchi Hou
- Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, PR China
| | - Fang Qi
- Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, PR China; The 2011 Collaborative Innovation Center of Tissue Damage Repair and Regeneration Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, PR China; The Collaborative Innovation Center of Tissue Damage Repair and Regeneration Medicine, Zunyi Medical University, PR China.
| | - Chengliang Deng
- Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, PR China; The 2011 Collaborative Innovation Center of Tissue Damage Repair and Regeneration Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, PR China; The Collaborative Innovation Center of Tissue Damage Repair and Regeneration Medicine, Zunyi Medical University, PR China.
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14
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Alahmari LA, Ali LS, Fansa HA, Alshaya DS, Al-Salmi FA, El-Hallous EI, Eldesoqui M, Gad Elsaid F, Fayad E, El-Mansy AA, Alsharif G, Khalil DY, Mahmood MB, Khalil RY, Rashwan HM, El-Sawah SG. Antioxidant and Antiapoptotic Effects of Selenium And Nano Selenium-Loaded Exosomes on Hepatic Dysfunction of Type 1 Diabetic Rats. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL ZOOLOGY. PART A, ECOLOGICAL AND INTEGRATIVE PHYSIOLOGY 2025; 343:211-219. [PMID: 39535481 DOI: 10.1002/jez.2881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2024] [Accepted: 10/22/2024] [Indexed: 11/16/2024]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells-derived exosomes (MSCs-EXs) applications have brought a key breakthrough in treating type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) and its diabetic complications. However, various recent strategies aimed to construct prominent engineered EXs with greater precision and higher efficiency for diabetes syndrome were conducted. In this research, we seek to enhance the medicinal potentialities of MSCs-EXs on type 1 diabetic rats' hepatic complications, via loading with either selenium (Se) or nano selenium (NSe) particles. For consecutive 4-weeks, rats were divided into 8 groups as; control, EXs, EXs + Se, EXs + NSe, STZ-diabetic (D), D + EXs, D + EXs + Se, and D + EXs + NSe groups. The three diabetic-treated groups manifested a significant reduction in hepatic contents of oxidative stress (OS) (MDA, NO, and H2O2) inflammatory (IL-6, TNF-α, and TGF-β), and apoptotic (P53, BAX, caspase-3, and Bcl2) markers, with marked elevation in hepatic antioxidant levels (GSH, GPX, SOD, and CAT). Such results were supported by the marked diminish in serum total proteins, liver function enzymes (AST, ALT, and bilirubin), and both serum and liver lipid profile fractions. In addition, hepatic histological examination showed marked improvement in liver architecture of all treated diabetic rats' groups, compared to diabetic untreated rats. Significantly, diabetic rats with EXs loaded with NSe exhibited the most therapeutic superiority.
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Affiliation(s)
- Layla A Alahmari
- Department of Community Health, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Northern Border University, Arar, Saudi Arabia
| | - Lashin S Ali
- Department of Basic Medical Science, Faculty of Dentistry, Al-Ahliyya Amman University, Amman, Jordan
- Physiology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansours, Egypt
| | - Hoda A Fansa
- Department of Basic Dental Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Al-Ahliyya Amman University, Amman, Jordan
- Department of Oral Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, Alexandria University, Egypt
| | - Dalal S Alshaya
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fawziah A Al-Salmi
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ehab I El-Hallous
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Arish University, North Sinai, Egypt
| | - Mamdouh Eldesoqui
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, AlMaarefa University, Diriyah, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fahmy Gad Elsaid
- Department of Biology, College of Science, King Khalid University, Asir, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Eman Fayad
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Science, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed A El-Mansy
- Department of Basic Medical and Dental Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Zarqa University, Zarqa, Jordan
- Department of Medical Histology & Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansours, Egypt
| | - Ghadi Alsharif
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University of Health Sciences, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Biomedical Research, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Dlovan Y Khalil
- Biology Department, Faculty of Science, Sulaimani University, Sulaimaniyah, Iraq
| | - Maryam Bakir Mahmood
- Obstetrics & Gynecology Department, College of Medicine, Slaimani University, Sulaymaniyah, Iraq
| | - Rozhan Yassin Khalil
- Obstetrics & Gynecology Department, College of Medicine, Slaimani University, Sulaymaniyah, Iraq
| | - Hanan M Rashwan
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Arish University, North Sinai, Egypt
| | - Shady G El-Sawah
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Arish University, North Sinai, Egypt
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15
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Jin W, Li Y, Yu M, Ren D, Han C, Guo S. Advances of exosomes in diabetic wound healing. BURNS & TRAUMA 2025; 13:tkae078. [PMID: 39980588 PMCID: PMC11836438 DOI: 10.1093/burnst/tkae078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2024] [Revised: 06/11/2024] [Accepted: 11/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2025]
Abstract
Poor wound healing is a refractory process that places an enormous medical and financial burden on diabetic patients. Exosomes have recently been recognized as crucial players in the healing of diabetic lesions. They have excellent stability, homing effects, biocompatibility, and reduced immunogenicity as novel cell-free therapies. In addition to transporting cargos to target cells to enhance intercellular communication, exosomes are beneficial in nearly every phase of diabetic wound healing. They participate in modulating the inflammatory response, accelerating proliferation and reepithelization, increasing angiogenesis, and regulating extracellular matrix remodeling. Accumulating evidence indicates that hydrogels or dressings in conjunction with exosomes can prolong the duration of exosome residency in diabetic wounds. This review provides an overview of the mechanisms, delivery, clinical application, engineering, and existing challenges of the use of exosomes in diabetic wound repair. We also propose future directions for biomaterials incorporating exosomes: 2D or 3D scaffolds, biomaterials loaded with wound healing-promoting gases, intelligent biomaterials, and the prospect of systematic application of exosomes. These findings may might shed light on future treatments and enlighten some studies to improve quality of life among diabetes patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weixue Jin
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 1511 Jiang Hong Road, Binjiang District, Hangzhou 310009, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yi Li
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 1511 Jiang Hong Road, Binjiang District, Hangzhou 310009, Zhejiang, China
| | - Meirong Yu
- Center for Basic and Translational Research, Second Affiliated Hospital Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 88 Jie Fang Road, Shangcheng District, Hangzhou 310009, Zhejiang, China
| | - Danyang Ren
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 1511 Jiang Hong Road, Binjiang District, Hangzhou 310009, Zhejiang, China
| | - Chunmao Han
- Department of Burns and Wound Repair, Second Affiliated Hospital Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 88 Jie Fang Road, Shangcheng District, Hangzhou 310009, Zhejiang, China
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn, and Medical Rescue, 88 Jie Fang Road, Shangcheng District, Hangzhou 310009, Zhejiang, China
| | - Songxue Guo
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 1511 Jiang Hong Road, Binjiang District, Hangzhou 310009, Zhejiang, China
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn, and Medical Rescue, 88 Jie Fang Road, Shangcheng District, Hangzhou 310009, Zhejiang, China
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16
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Yadu N, Singh M, Singh D, Keshavkant S. Mechanistic insights of diabetic wound: Healing process, associated pathways and microRNA-based delivery systems. Int J Pharm 2025; 670:125117. [PMID: 39719258 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2024.125117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2024] [Revised: 11/27/2024] [Accepted: 12/19/2024] [Indexed: 12/26/2024]
Abstract
Wounds that represent one of the most critical complications can occur in individuals suffering from diabetes mellitus, and results in the need for hospitalisation and, in severe cases, require amputation. This condition is primarily characterized by infections, persistent inflammation, and delayed healing processes, which exacerbate the overall health of the patients. As per the standard mechanism, signalling pathways such as PI3K/AKT, HIF-1, TGF-β, Notch, Wnt/β-Cat, NF-κB, JAK/STAT, TLR, and Nrf2 play major roles in inflammatory, proliferative and remodelling phases of wound healing. However, dysregulation of the above pathways has been seen during the healing of diabetic wounds. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small, non-coding RNAs that regulate the expression of various genes and signalling pathways which are associated with the process of wound healing. In the past few years, there has been a great deal of interest in the potential of miRNAs as biological agents in the management of a number of disorders. These miRNAs have been shown to modulate expression of genes involved in the healing process of wounds. There have been previous reviews pertaining to clinical trials examining miRNAs in several disorders, but only a few clinical studies have examined involvement of miRNAs in healing of wounds. Considering the therapeutic promise, there are several obstacles concerning their instabilities and inefficient delivery into the target cells. Therefore, this review is an attempt to discuss precise roles of signalling pathways and miRNAs in different phases of wound healing, and their aberrant regulation in diabetic wounds, particularly. It has also compiled a range of delivery mechanisms as well as an overview of the latest findings pertaining to miRNAs and associated delivery systems for improved healing of diabetic wounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nidhi Yadu
- School of Studies in Biotechnology, Pt. Ravishankar Shukla University, Raipur 492 010, India
| | - Manju Singh
- University Institute of Pharmacy, Pt. Ravishankar Shukla University, Raipur 492 010, India
| | - Deependra Singh
- University Institute of Pharmacy, Pt. Ravishankar Shukla University, Raipur 492 010, India
| | - S Keshavkant
- School of Studies in Biotechnology, Pt. Ravishankar Shukla University, Raipur 492 010, India.
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17
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Wang Q, Sun J, Jiang H, Yu M. Emerging roles of extracellular vesicles in oral and maxillofacial areas. Int J Oral Sci 2025; 17:11. [PMID: 39900916 PMCID: PMC11791077 DOI: 10.1038/s41368-024-00341-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2024] [Revised: 12/02/2024] [Accepted: 12/03/2024] [Indexed: 02/05/2025] Open
Abstract
The oral and maxillofacial region is a highly complex area composed of multiple tissue types and bears various critical functions of the human body. Diseases in this region pose significant diagnostic and management challenges; therefore, exploring new strategies for early diagnosis, targeted treatment, and tissue reconstruction is key to improving patient prognosis and quality of life. Extracellular vesicles are a group of heterogeneous lipid-bilayer membrane structures secreted by most cell types, including exosomes, microvesicles, and apoptotic bodies. Present in various body fluids and tissues, they act as messengers via the transfer of nucleic acids, proteins, and metabolites to recipient cells. To date, studies have revealed the different roles of extracellular vesicles in physiological or pathological processes, as well as applications in disease diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment. The importance and tissue specificity of the dental and maxillofacial tissues indicate that extracellular vesicles derived from this region are promising for further research. This paper reviews the published data on extracellular vesicles derived from cells, body fluids, and tissues in oral and maxillofacial regions, summarizes the latest advances in extracellular vesicles from extensive sources, and concludes with a focus on the current research progress and application prospects of engineered exosomes in oral science.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianting Wang
- Stomatology Hospital, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases of the Zhejiang Province, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Cancer Center of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jiayu Sun
- Stomatology Hospital, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases of the Zhejiang Province, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Cancer Center of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Haci Jiang
- Stomatology Hospital, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases of the Zhejiang Province, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Cancer Center of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Mengfei Yu
- Stomatology Hospital, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases of the Zhejiang Province, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Cancer Center of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
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18
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Zhao J, Gu Y, Hou P. Protective Effect and Molecular Mechanism of Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Derived Extracellular Vesicles in Diabetic Foot Ulcers. Cell Reprogram 2025; 27:33-44. [PMID: 39611950 DOI: 10.1089/cell.2024.0062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2024] Open
Abstract
This study explores the protective mechanism of mesenchymal stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles (MSC-EVs) in diabetic foot ulcer (DFU). Human umbilical cord MSCs (HucMSCs) were identified via osteogenesis and adipogenic differentiation, as well as flow cytometry. EVs were isolated from HucMSCs and characterized using transmission electron microscopy, nanoparticle tracking analysis, and Western blotting. Fluorescence microscopy revealed the uptake of PKH67-labeled EVs and Cy3-labeled microRNA-21-5p (miR-21-5p) by human skin fibroblasts (HSFs). EVs were cocultured with HSFs, and cell proliferation and migration were assessed using Cell Counting Kit-8, colony formation, scratch, and Transwell assays. miR-21-5p overexpression in EVs was evaluated for its role in promoting HSF functions. The expression levels of miR-21-5p, Krüppel-like factor 6 (KLF6), α-smooth muscle actin, and collagen type I alpha 1 chain were analyzed via quantitative real-time PCR and Western blotting. The interaction between miR-21-5p and KLF6 was confirmed through a dual-luciferase reporter gene assay. HucMSC-derived EVs enhanced the proliferation and migration of HSFs under high glucose by delivering miR-21-5p, which targeted and inhibited KLF6. Overexpression of KLF6 counteracted the pro-proliferative and migratory effects of EVs carrying miR-21-5p. Overall, these findings suggest that HucMSC-EVs promote HSF proliferation and migration by downregulating KLF6 via miR-21-5p delivery, offering a potential therapeutic strategy for DFU.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Zhao
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Tianjin First Central Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Yan Gu
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Tianjin First Central Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Peng Hou
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Tianjin First Central Hospital, Tianjin, China
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19
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Wen X, Hao Z, Yin H, Min J, Wang X, Sun S, Ruan G. Engineered Extracellular Vesicles as a New Class of Nanomedicine. CHEM & BIO ENGINEERING 2025; 2:3-22. [PMID: 39975802 PMCID: PMC11835263 DOI: 10.1021/cbe.4c00122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2024] [Revised: 10/19/2024] [Accepted: 10/20/2024] [Indexed: 02/21/2025]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are secreted from biological cells and contain many molecules with diagnostic values or therapeutic functions. There has been great interest in academic and industrial communities to utilize EVs as tools for diagnosis or therapeutics. In addition, EVs can also serve as delivery vehicles for therapeutic molecules. An indicator of the enormous interest in EVs is the large number of review articles published on EVs, with the focus ranging from their biology to their applications. An emerging trend in EV research is to produce and utilize "engineered EVs", which are essentially the enhanced version of EVs. EV engineering can be conducted by cell culture condition control, genetic engineering, or chemical engineering. Given their nanometer-scale sizes and therapeutic potentials, engineered EVs are an emerging class of nanomedicines. So far, an overwhelming majority of the research on engineered EVs is preclinical studies; there are only a very small number of reported clinical trials. This Review focuses on engineered EVs, with a more specific focus being their applications in therapeutics. The various approaches to producing engineered EVs and their applications in various diseases are reviewed. Furthermore, in vivo imaging of EVs, the mechanistic understandings, and the clinical translation aspects are discussed. The discussion is primarily on preclinical studies while briefly mentioning the clinical trials. With continued interdisciplinary research efforts from biologists, pharmacists, physicians, bioengineers, and chemical engineers, engineered EVs could become a powerful solution for many major diseases such as neurological, immunological, and cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaowei Wen
- Institute
of Analytical Chemistry and Instrument for Life Science, The Key Laboratory
of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School
of Life Science and Technology, Xi’an
Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China 710049
- Wisdom
Lake Academy of Pharmacy, Xi’an Jiaotong-Liverpool
University, Suzhou, China 215123
- Jiangsu
Province Higher Education Key Laboratory of Cell Therapy Nanoformulation
(Construction), Xi’an Jiaotong-Liverpool
University, Suzhou, China 215123
- Xi’an
Jiaotong-Liverpool University & University of Liverpool Joint
Center of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Suzhou, China 215123
| | - Zerun Hao
- Wisdom
Lake Academy of Pharmacy, Xi’an Jiaotong-Liverpool
University, Suzhou, China 215123
- Jiangsu
Province Higher Education Key Laboratory of Cell Therapy Nanoformulation
(Construction), Xi’an Jiaotong-Liverpool
University, Suzhou, China 215123
- Xi’an
Jiaotong-Liverpool University & University of Liverpool Joint
Center of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Suzhou, China 215123
| | - Haofan Yin
- Wisdom
Lake Academy of Pharmacy, Xi’an Jiaotong-Liverpool
University, Suzhou, China 215123
- Jiangsu
Province Higher Education Key Laboratory of Cell Therapy Nanoformulation
(Construction), Xi’an Jiaotong-Liverpool
University, Suzhou, China 215123
- Xi’an
Jiaotong-Liverpool University & University of Liverpool Joint
Center of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Suzhou, China 215123
| | - Jie Min
- Wisdom
Lake Academy of Pharmacy, Xi’an Jiaotong-Liverpool
University, Suzhou, China 215123
- Jiangsu
Province Higher Education Key Laboratory of Cell Therapy Nanoformulation
(Construction), Xi’an Jiaotong-Liverpool
University, Suzhou, China 215123
- Xi’an
Jiaotong-Liverpool University & University of Liverpool Joint
Center of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Suzhou, China 215123
| | - Xueying Wang
- Wisdom
Lake Academy of Pharmacy, Xi’an Jiaotong-Liverpool
University, Suzhou, China 215123
- Jiangsu
Province Higher Education Key Laboratory of Cell Therapy Nanoformulation
(Construction), Xi’an Jiaotong-Liverpool
University, Suzhou, China 215123
- Xi’an
Jiaotong-Liverpool University & University of Liverpool Joint
Center of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Suzhou, China 215123
| | - Sihan Sun
- Wisdom
Lake Academy of Pharmacy, Xi’an Jiaotong-Liverpool
University, Suzhou, China 215123
- Jiangsu
Province Higher Education Key Laboratory of Cell Therapy Nanoformulation
(Construction), Xi’an Jiaotong-Liverpool
University, Suzhou, China 215123
- Xi’an
Jiaotong-Liverpool University & University of Liverpool Joint
Center of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Suzhou, China 215123
| | - Gang Ruan
- Wisdom
Lake Academy of Pharmacy, Xi’an Jiaotong-Liverpool
University, Suzhou, China 215123
- Jiangsu
Province Higher Education Key Laboratory of Cell Therapy Nanoformulation
(Construction), Xi’an Jiaotong-Liverpool
University, Suzhou, China 215123
- Xi’an
Jiaotong-Liverpool University & University of Liverpool Joint
Center of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Suzhou, China 215123
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20
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Guo J, Huang Z, Wang Q, Wang M, Ming Y, Chen W, Huang Y, Tang Z, Huang M, Liu H, Jia B. Opportunities and challenges of bacterial extracellular vesicles in regenerative medicine. J Nanobiotechnology 2025; 23:4. [PMID: 39754127 PMCID: PMC11697683 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-024-02935-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2024] [Accepted: 10/16/2024] [Indexed: 01/07/2025] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are membrane-bound vesicles that are shed or secreted from the cell membrane and enveloped by a lipid bilayer. They possess stability, low immunogenicity, and non-cytotoxicity, exhibiting extensive prospects in regenerative medicine (RM). However, natural EVs pose challenges, such as insufficient targeting capabilities, potential biosafety concerns, and limited acquisition pathways. Although engineered EVs demonstrate excellent therapeutic efficacy, challenges such as low production yield and the complexity of engineering modifications constrain their further clinical applications. Bacteria have advantages such as rapid proliferation, diverse gene editing methods, mature cultivation techniques, and relatively easy preparation of bacterial EVs (BEVs), which can be used to effectively address the challenges currently encountered in the field of EVs. This review provides a description of the biogenesis and pathophysiological functions of BEVs, and strategies for optimizing BEVs preparation to attain efficiency and safety are discussed. An analysis of natural characteristics of BEVs is also conducted to explore how to leverage their advantages or mitigate their limitations, thereby overcoming constraints on the application of BEVs in RM. In summary, engineered BEVs possess characteristics such as high production yield, excellent stability, and high drug-delivering capabilities, laying the foundation for their application in RM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiming Guo
- Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhijie Huang
- Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Qinjing Wang
- Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Min Wang
- Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yue Ming
- Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Weixing Chen
- Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yisheng Huang
- Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhengming Tang
- Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Mingshu Huang
- Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Hongyu Liu
- Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Bo Jia
- Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
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21
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Wang Y, Xiong J, Ouyang K, Ling M, Luo J, Sun J, Xi Q, Chen T, Zhang Y. Extracellular vesicles: From large-scale production and engineering to clinical applications. J Tissue Eng 2025; 16:20417314251319474. [PMID: 40322740 PMCID: PMC12048759 DOI: 10.1177/20417314251319474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2025] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) have emerged as a promising strategy for treating a wide spectrum of pathologies, as they can deliver their cargo to recipient cells and regulate the signaling pathway of these cells to modulate their fate. Despite the great potential of EVs in clinical applications, their low yield and the challenges of cargo loading remain significant obstacles, hindering their transition from experimental research to clinical practice. Therefore, promoting EV release and enhancing EV cargo-loading are promising fields with substantial research potential and broad application prospects. In this review, we summarize the clinical applications of EVs, the methods and technologies for their large-scale production, engineering, and modification, as well as the challenges that must be addressed during their development. We also discuss the future perspectives of this exciting field of research to facilitate its transformation from bench to clinical reality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxuan Wang
- College of Animal Science, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Regulation, National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jiali Xiong
- College of Animal Science, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Regulation, National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- College of Medicine, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, Zhejiang, China
| | - Kun Ouyang
- College of Animal Science, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Regulation, National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Mingwang Ling
- College of Animal Science, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Regulation, National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Junyi Luo
- College of Animal Science, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Regulation, National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jiajie Sun
- College of Animal Science, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Regulation, National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Qianyun Xi
- College of Animal Science, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Regulation, National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Ting Chen
- College of Animal Science, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Regulation, National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yongliang Zhang
- College of Animal Science, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Regulation, National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
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22
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Qi L, Hong S, Zhao T, Yan J, Ge W, Wang J, Fang X, Jiang W, Shen SG, Zhang L. DNA Tetrahedron Delivering miR-21-5p Promotes Senescent Bone Defects Repair through Synergistic Regulation of Osteogenesis and Angiogenesis. Adv Healthc Mater 2024; 13:e2401275. [PMID: 38979868 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202401275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2024] [Revised: 06/08/2024] [Indexed: 07/10/2024]
Abstract
Compromised osteogenesis and angiogenesis is the character of stem cell senescence, which brought difficulties for bone defects repairing in senescent microenvironment. As the most abundant bone-related miRNA, miRNA-21-5p plays a crucial role in inducing osteogenic and angiogenic differentiation. However, highly efficient miR-21-5p delivery still confronts challenges including poor cellular uptake and easy degradation. Herein, TDN-miR-21-5p nanocomplex is constructed based on DNA tetrahedral (TDN) and has great potential in promoting osteogenesis and alleviating senescence of senescent bone marrow stem cells (O-BMSCs), simultaneously enhancing angiogenic capacity of senescent endothelial progenitor cells (O-EPCs). Of note, the activation of AKT and Erk signaling pathway may direct regulatory mechanism of TDN-miR-21-5p mediated osteogenesis and senescence of O-BMSCs. Also, TDN-miR-21-5p can indirectly mediate osteogenesis and senescence of O-BMSCs through pro-angiogenic growth factors secreted from O-EPCs. In addition, gelatin methacryloyl (GelMA) hydrogels are mixed with TDN and TDN-miR-21-5p to fabricate delivery scaffolds. TDN-miR-21-5p@GelMA scaffold exhibits greater bone repair with increased expression of osteogenic- and angiogenic-related markers in senescent critical-size cranial defects in vivo. Collectively, TDN-miR-21-5p can alleviate senescence and induce osteogenesis and angiogenesis in senescent microenvironment, which provides a novel candidate strategy for senescent bone repair and widen clinical application of TDNs-based gene therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Qi
- Department of Oral & Cranio-Maxillofacial Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology & Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai, 200011, P. R. China
| | - Shebin Hong
- Department of Oral & Cranio-Maxillofacial Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology & Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai, 200011, P. R. China
| | - Tong Zhao
- Department of Oral & Cranio-Maxillofacial Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology & Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai, 200011, P. R. China
| | - Jinge Yan
- Department of Oral & Cranio-Maxillofacial Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology & Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai, 200011, P. R. China
| | - Weiwen Ge
- Department of Oral & Cranio-Maxillofacial Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology & Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai, 200011, P. R. China
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Oral & Cranio-Maxillofacial Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology & Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai, 200011, P. R. China
| | - Xin Fang
- Department of Oral & Cranio-Maxillofacial Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology & Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai, 200011, P. R. China
| | - Weidong Jiang
- Department of Oral & Cranio-Maxillofacial Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology & Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai, 200011, P. R. China
| | - Steve Gf Shen
- Department of Oral & Cranio-Maxillofacial Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology & Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai, 200011, P. R. China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Department of Oral & Cranio-Maxillofacial Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology & Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai, 200011, P. R. China
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23
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He Y, Li R, Yu Y, Xu Z, Gao J, Wang C, Huang C, Qi Z. HucMSC extracellular vesicles increasing SATB 1 to activate the Wnt/β-catenin pathway in 6-OHDA-induced Parkinson's disease model. IUBMB Life 2024; 76:1154-1174. [PMID: 39082886 DOI: 10.1002/iub.2893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2024] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 11/22/2024]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a degenerative disorder of the nervous system characterized by the loss of dopaminergic neurons and damage of neurons in the substantia nigra (SN) and striatum, resulting in impaired motor functions. This study aims to investigate how extracellular vesicles (EVs) derived from human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (HucMSC) regulate Special AT-rich sequence-binding protein-1 (SATB 1) and influence Wnt/β-catenin pathway and autophagy in PD model. The PD model was induced by damaging SH-SY5Y cells and mice using 6-OHDA. According to the study, administering EVs every other day for 14 days improved the motor behavior of 6-OHDA-induced PD mice and reduced neuronal damage, including dopaminergic neurons. Treatment with EVs for 12 hours increased the viability of 6-OHDA-induced SH-SY5Y cells. The upregulation of SATB 1 expression with EV treatment resulted in the activation of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway in PD model and led to overexpression of β-catenin. Meanwhile, the expression of LC3 II was decreased, indicating alterations in autophagy. In conclusion, EVs could mitigate neuronal damage in the 6-OHDA-induced PD model by upregulating SATB 1 and activating Wnt/β-catenin pathway while also regulating autophagy. Further studies on the potential therapeutic applications of EVs for PD could offer new insights and strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying He
- Medical College, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
- Department of Pharmacy, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Liuzhou, China
| | - Ruicheng Li
- Medical College, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Yuxi Yu
- Medical College, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Zhiran Xu
- Translational Medicine Research Center, Ruikang Hospital Affiliated to Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, China
| | - Jiaxin Gao
- Medical College, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Cancan Wang
- Medical College, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Chusheng Huang
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Zhongquan Qi
- Medical College, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
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24
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Torabi C, Choi SE, Pisanic TR, Paulaitis M, Hur SC. Streamlined miRNA loading of surface protein-specific extracellular vesicle subpopulations through electroporation. Biomed Eng Online 2024; 23:116. [PMID: 39574085 PMCID: PMC11580418 DOI: 10.1186/s12938-024-01311-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2024] [Accepted: 11/05/2024] [Indexed: 11/25/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Extracellular vesicles (EVs) have emerged as an exciting tool for targeted delivery of therapeutics for a wide range of diseases. As nano-scale membrane-bound particles derived from living cells, EVs possess inherent capabilities as carriers of biomolecules. However, the translation of EVs into viable therapeutic delivery vehicles is challenged by lengthy and inefficient processes for cargo loading and pre- and post-loading purification of EVs, resulting in limited quantity and consistency of engineered EVs. RESULTS In this work, we develop a fast and streamlined method to load surface protein-specific subpopulations of EVs with miRNA by electroporating EVs, while they are bound to antibody-coated beads. We demonstrate the selection of CD81+ EV subpopulation using magnetic microbeads, facilitating rapid EV manipulations, loading, and subsequent purification processes. Our approach shortens the time per post-electroporation EV wash by 20-fold as compared to the gold standard EV washing method, ultracentrifugation, resulting in about 2.5-h less time required to remove unloaded miRNA. In addition, we addressed the challenge of nonspecific binding of cargo molecules due to affinity-based EV selection, lowering the purity of engineered EVs, by implementing innovative strategies, including poly A carrier RNA-mediated blocking and dissociation of residual miRNA and EV-like miRNA aggregates following electroporation. CONCLUSIONS Our streamlined method integrates magnetic bead-based selection with electroporation, enabling rapid and efficient loading of miRNA into CD81+ EVs. This approach not only achieves comparable miRNA loading efficiency to conventional bulk electroporation methods but also concentrates CD81+ EVs and allows for simple electroporation parameter adjustment, promising advancements in therapeutic RNA delivery systems with enhanced specificity and reduced toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corinna Torabi
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, 3400 N Charles Street, Baltimore, MD, 21218, USA
| | - Sung-Eun Choi
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, 3400 N Charles Street, Baltimore, MD, 21218, USA
- RASyn, LLC, 700 Main Street, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Thomas R Pisanic
- Institute for NanoBioTechnology, Johns Hopkins University, 3400 N Charles Street, Baltimore, MD, 21218, USA
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University, 600 N Wolfe St, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA
| | - Michael Paulaitis
- Center for Nanomedicine at Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Soojung Claire Hur
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, 3400 N Charles Street, Baltimore, MD, 21218, USA.
- Institute for NanoBioTechnology, Johns Hopkins University, 3400 N Charles Street, Baltimore, MD, 21218, USA.
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University, 600 N Wolfe St, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA.
- Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University, 401 N Broadway, Baltimore, MD, 21231, USA.
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25
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Li S, Li Y, Zhu K, He W, Guo X, Wang T, Gong S, Zhu Z. Exosomes from mesenchymal stem cells: Potential applications in wound healing. Life Sci 2024; 357:123066. [PMID: 39306326 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2024.123066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2024] [Revised: 07/08/2024] [Accepted: 09/16/2024] [Indexed: 09/26/2024]
Abstract
Wound healing is a continuous and complex process regulated by multiple factors, which has become an intractable clinical burden. Mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes (MSC-exos) possess low immunogenicity, easy preservation, and potent bioactivity, which is a mirror to their parental cells MSC-exos are important tools for regulating the biological behaviors of wound healing-associated cells, including fibroblasts, keratinocytes, immune cells, and endothelial cells. MSC-exos accelerate the wound healing process at cellular and animal levels by modulating inflammatory responses, promoting collagen deposition and vascularization. MSC-exos accelerate wound healing at the cellular and animal levels by modulating inflammatory responses and promoting collagen deposition and vascularization. This review summarizes the roles and mechanisms of MSC-exos originating from various sources in promoting the healing efficacy of general wounds, diabetic wounds, burn wounds, and healing-related scars. It also discusses the limitations and perspectives of MSC-exos in wound healing, in terms of exosome acquisition, mechanistic complexity, and exosome potentiation modalities. A deeper understanding of the properties and functions of MSC-exos is beneficial to advance the therapeutic approaches for achieving optimal wound healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sicheng Li
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, Hubei Province, China
| | - Yichuan Li
- Department of Dermatology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Keyu Zhu
- Department of Plastic and Cosmetic Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Wenlin He
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, Hubei Province, China
| | - Xingjun Guo
- Department of Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Ting Wang
- Department of Medical Ultrasound, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
| | - Song Gong
- Department of Emergency and Traumatic Surgery, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China.
| | - Zhanyong Zhu
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, Hubei Province, China.
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26
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Li K, Wu L, Jiang J. Apigenin accelerates wound healing in diabetic mice by promoting macrophage M2-type polarization via increasing miR-21 expression. Mol Cell Biochem 2024; 479:3119-3127. [PMID: 38261238 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-023-04885-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
The alteration of inflammatory phenotype by macrophage polarization plays an important role in diabetic wound repair. Apigenin has been reported to be anti-inflammatory and promote tissue repair; however, whether it regulates macrophage polarization to participate in diabetic wound repair remains to be investigated. We found that apigenin promoted miR-21 expression in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells, inhibited cellular M1-type factor TNF-α and IL-1β secretion and increased M2-type factor IL-10 and TGF-β secretion, and accelerated macrophage conversion from M1 type to M2 type, whereas this protective effect of apigenin was counteracted by a miR-21 inhibitor. Moreover, we established a macrophage-HUVECs cell in vitro co-culture system and found that apigenin accelerated the migration, proliferation, and VEGF secretion of HUVECs by promoting macrophage miR-21 expression. Further, mechanistic studies revealed that this was mediated by the TLR4/Myd88/NF-κB axis. In in vivo study, diabetic mice had significantly delayed wound healing compared to non-diabetic mice, accelerated wound healing in apigenin-treated diabetic mice, and decreased M1-type macrophages and increased M2-type macrophages in wound tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Li
- Jiangsu Engineering Research Center for Tumor Immunotherapy, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, 213003, Jiangsu, China
- Department of Burn and Plastic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, Jiangsu, China
| | - Lijun Wu
- Department of Plastic and Aesthetic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jingting Jiang
- Jiangsu Engineering Research Center for Tumor Immunotherapy, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, 213003, Jiangsu, China.
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27
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Wang L, Wang C, Huang C, Zhou Z, Yang R, Huang Y, Chen Z, Zhang Y, Wang S, Feng K. Role of microRNAs in diabetic foot ulcers: Mechanisms and possible interventions. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2024; 217:111858. [PMID: 39284457 DOI: 10.1016/j.diabres.2024.111858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2024] [Revised: 08/24/2024] [Accepted: 09/13/2024] [Indexed: 09/21/2024]
Abstract
Diabetic foot ulcer (DFU) is a common and serious complication among diabetic patients, and its incidence and difficulty in treatment have placed large burdens on patient health and quality of life. Diabetic foot tissue typically exhibits chronic wounds, ulcers, or necrosis that are difficult to heal, are prone to infection, and, in severe cases, may even lead to amputation. Recent studies have shown that microRNAs (miRNAs) play key roles in the development and healing of DFUs. miRNAs are a class of short noncoding RNA molecules that regulate gene expression to affect cellular functions and physiological processes. miRNAs may be involved in the development of DFUs by regulating cell growth, proliferation, differentiation and apoptosis. miRNAs can also participate in the healing and recovery of DFUs by regulating key steps, such as inflammation, angiogenesis, cell migration and proliferation, tissue repair and matrix remodeling. Therefore, altering the pathological processes of diabetic foot by modulating the expression of miRNAs could improve the recovery and treatment outcomes of patients. This review provides new insights and perspectives for the treatment of DFUs by summarizing the roles of miRNAs in the development and healing of DFUs and the mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Wang
- Pingshan District People's Hospital of Shenzhen, Pingshan General Hospital of Southern Medical University, Shenzhen 518118, Guangdong, China
| | - Cong Wang
- Pingshan District People's Hospital of Shenzhen, Pingshan General Hospital of Southern Medical University, Shenzhen 518118, Guangdong, China
| | - Caiyan Huang
- Pingshan District People's Hospital of Shenzhen, Pingshan General Hospital of Southern Medical University, Shenzhen 518118, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhongyu Zhou
- Pingshan District People's Hospital of Shenzhen, Pingshan General Hospital of Southern Medical University, Shenzhen 518118, Guangdong, China
| | - Ruihong Yang
- Pingshan District People's Hospital of Shenzhen, Pingshan General Hospital of Southern Medical University, Shenzhen 518118, Guangdong, China
| | - Ying Huang
- Pingshan District People's Hospital of Shenzhen, Pingshan General Hospital of Southern Medical University, Shenzhen 518118, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhuangsen Chen
- Pingshan District People's Hospital of Shenzhen, Pingshan General Hospital of Southern Medical University, Shenzhen 518118, Guangdong, China
| | - Yanrong Zhang
- Pingshan District People's Hospital of Shenzhen, Pingshan General Hospital of Southern Medical University, Shenzhen 518118, Guangdong, China
| | - Shanshan Wang
- Pingshan District People's Hospital of Shenzhen, Pingshan General Hospital of Southern Medical University, Shenzhen 518118, Guangdong, China
| | - Kun Feng
- Pingshan District People's Hospital of Shenzhen, Pingshan General Hospital of Southern Medical University, Shenzhen 518118, Guangdong, China.
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28
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Soltani S, Zahedi A, Vergara AJS, Noli M, Soltysik FM, Pociot F, Yarani R. Preclinical Therapeutic Efficacy of Extracellular Vesicles Derived from Adipose-Derived Mesenchymal Stromal/Stem Cells in Diabetic Wounds: a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2024; 20:2016-2031. [PMID: 38970763 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-024-10753-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/20/2024] [Indexed: 07/08/2024]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles isolated from adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stromal/stem cells (ADSC-EVs) have demonstrated promising potential in wound healing treatment. To determine the therapeutic efficacy of ADSC-EVs for diabetic wounds in preclinical models, we performed a meta-analysis of available studies. PubMed and Embase were searched (to April 23, 2023). All full-text articles describing the therapeutic application of ADSC-EVs in diabetic wounds were included. Study outcomes were pooled using a random effects meta-analysis, including wound closure, angiogenesis, and collagen deposition. Other outcomes were only discussed descriptively. Seventy unique records were identified from our search; 20 full-text articles were included for qualitative analysis. Twelve studies were eligible for quantitative meta-analysis. The results showed that ADSC-EVs accelerated diabetic wound healing compared to controls with a large effect (standardized mean difference (SMD) 4.22, 95% confidence interval (CI) 3.07 to 5.36). The administration of ADSC-EVs also improved neovascularization (SMD 9.27, 95% CI 4.70 to 13.83) and collagen deposition (SMD 2.19, 95% CI 0.94 to 3.44), with a large effect. The risk of bias was unclear in all included studies. Conclusively, ADSC-EV is an effective treatment for diabetic wounds in preclinical trials, and it appears justified for transfer into the clinical field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Setareh Soltani
- Clinical Research Development Center, Taleghani and Imam Ali Hospital, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Ahora Zahedi
- Department of Artificial Intelligence in Medical Sciences, Faculty of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - April Joy S Vergara
- Translational Type 1 Diabetes Research, Department of Clinical Research, Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen, Herlev, Denmark
| | - Marta Noli
- Translational Type 1 Diabetes Research, Department of Clinical Research, Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen, Herlev, Denmark
| | - Fumie Mitani Soltysik
- Translational Type 1 Diabetes Research, Department of Clinical Research, Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen, Herlev, Denmark
| | - Flemming Pociot
- Translational Type 1 Diabetes Research, Department of Clinical Research, Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen, Herlev, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Reza Yarani
- Translational Type 1 Diabetes Research, Department of Clinical Research, Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen, Herlev, Denmark.
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29
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Yang Z, Yang M, Rui S, Hao W, Wu X, Guo L, Armstrong DG, Yang C, Deng W. Exosome-based cell therapy for diabetic foot ulcers: Present and prospect. Heliyon 2024; 10:e39251. [PMID: 39498056 PMCID: PMC11532254 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e39251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2024] [Revised: 09/17/2024] [Accepted: 10/10/2024] [Indexed: 10/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs) represent a serious complication of diabetes with high incidence, requiring intensive treatment, prolonged hospitalization, and high costs. It poses a severe threat to the patient's life, resulting in substantial burdens on patient and healthcare system. However, the therapy of DFUs remains challenging. Therefore, exploring cell-free therapies for DFUs is both critical and urgent. Exosomes, as crucial mediators of intercellular communication, have been demonstrated potentially effective in anti-inflammation, angiogenesis, cell proliferation and migration, and collagen deposition. These functions have been proven beneficial in all stages of diabetic wound healing. This review aims to summarize the role and mechanisms of exosomes from diverse cellular sources in diabetic wound healing research. In addition, we elaborate on the challenges for clinical application, discuss the advantages of membrane vesicles as exosome mimics in wound healing, and present the therapeutic potential of exosomes and their mimetic vesicles for future clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhou Yang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, School of Medicine, Chongqing University Central Hospital, Chongqing Emergency Medical Center, Chongqing, 400014, China
| | - Mengling Yang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, School of Medicine, Chongqing University Central Hospital, Chongqing Emergency Medical Center, Chongqing, 400014, China
| | - Shunli Rui
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, School of Medicine, Chongqing University Central Hospital, Chongqing Emergency Medical Center, Chongqing, 400014, China
| | - Wei Hao
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, School of Medicine, Chongqing University Central Hospital, Chongqing Emergency Medical Center, Chongqing, 400014, China
| | - Xiaohua Wu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, School of Medicine, Chongqing University Central Hospital, Chongqing Emergency Medical Center, Chongqing, 400014, China
| | - Lian Guo
- Department of Endocrinology, School of Medicine, Chongqing University Three Gorges Central Hospital, Chongqing, 404000, China
| | - David G. Armstrong
- Department of Surgery, Keck School of Medicine of University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA
| | - Cheng Yang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, School of Medicine, Chongqing University Central Hospital, Chongqing Emergency Medical Center, Chongqing, 400014, China
| | - Wuquan Deng
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, School of Medicine, Chongqing University Central Hospital, Chongqing Emergency Medical Center, Chongqing, 400014, China
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Aghayants S, Zhu J, Yu J, Tao R, Li S, Zhou S, Zhou Y, Zhu Z. The emerging modulators of non-coding RNAs in diabetic wound healing. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2024; 15:1465975. [PMID: 39439564 PMCID: PMC11493653 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2024.1465975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2024] [Accepted: 09/23/2024] [Indexed: 10/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Diabetic wound healing is a complex physiological process often hindered by the underlying metabolic dysfunctions associated with diabetes. Despite existing treatments, there remains a critical need to explore innovative therapeutic strategies to improve patient outcomes. This article comprehensively examines the roles of non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), specifically microRNAs (miRNAs), long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), and circular RNAs (circRNAs), in regulating key phases of the wound healing process: inflammation, angiogenesis, re-epithelialization, and tissue remodeling. Through a deep review of current literature, we discuss recent discoveries of ncRNAs that have been shown to either promote or impair the wound healing process in diabetic wound healing, which were not covered in earlier reviews. This review highlights the specific mechanisms by which these ncRNAs impact cellular behaviors and pathways critical to each healing stage. Our findings indicate that understanding these recently identified ncRNAs provides new insights into their potential roles in diabetic wound healing, thereby contributing valuable knowledge for future research directions in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sis Aghayants
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Jinjin Zhu
- Department of Dermatology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), Wuhan, China
| | - Jing Yu
- Department of Plastic and Cosmetic Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Rui Tao
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Sicheng Li
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Shengzhi Zhou
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Yunhua Zhou
- Department of Wound Repair Surgery, Liyuan Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Zhanyong Zhu
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
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Liu S, Zhao H, Jiang T, Wan G, Yan C, Zhang C, Yang X, Chen Z. The Angiogenic Repertoire of Stem Cell Extracellular Vesicles: Demystifying the Molecular Underpinnings for Wound Healing Applications. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2024; 20:1795-1812. [PMID: 39001965 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-024-10762-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/06/2024] [Indexed: 07/15/2024]
Abstract
Stem cells-derived extracellular vesicles (SC-EVs) have emerged as promising therapeutic agents for wound repair, recapitulating the biological effects of parent cells while mitigating immunogenic and tumorigenic risks. These EVs orchestrate wound healing processes, notably through modulating angiogenesis-a critical event in tissue revascularization and regeneration. This study provides a comprehensive overview of the multifaceted mechanisms underpinning the pro-angiogenic capacity of EVs from various stem cell sources within the wound microenvironment. By elucidating the molecular intricacies governing their angiogenic prowess, we aim to unravel the mechanistic repertoire underlying their remarkable potential to accelerate wound healing. Additionally, methods to enhance the angiogenic effects of SC-EVs, current limitations, and future perspectives are highlighted, emphasizing the significant potential of this rapidly advancing field in revolutionizing wound healing strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuoyuan Liu
- Department of Hand Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Huayuan Zhao
- Department of Urology, Tongji Medical College, Union Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Tao Jiang
- Department of Hand Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Gui Wan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Chengqi Yan
- Department of Hand Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Chi Zhang
- Department of Hand Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Xiaofan Yang
- Department of Hand Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China.
| | - Zhenbing Chen
- Department of Hand Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China.
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Soheilifar MH, Masoudi-Khoram N, Hassani M, Hajialiasgary Najafabadi A, Khojasteh M, Keshmiri Neghab H, Jalili Z. Angio-microRNAs in diabetic foot ulcer-: Mechanistic insights and clinical perspectives. PROGRESS IN BIOPHYSICS AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2024; 192:1-10. [PMID: 39069213 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbiomolbio.2024.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2023] [Revised: 07/13/2024] [Accepted: 07/26/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024]
Abstract
Diabetic foot ulcers, as one of the chronic wounds, are a serious challenge in the global healthcare system which have shown notable growth in recent years. DFU is associated with impairment in various stages of wound healing, including angiogenesis. Aberrant expression of microRNAs (miRNAs) involved in the disruption of the balance between angiogenic and anti-angiogenic factors, plays a crucial role in angiogenesis dysfunction. Alteration in the expression of angiomiRNAs (angiomiRs) have the potential to function as biomarkers in chronic wounds. Additionally, considering the rising importance of therapeutic RNAs, there is potential for utilizing angiomiRs in wound healing to induce angiogenesis. This review aims to explore angiogenesis in chronic wounds and investigate the mechanisms mediated by pro- and anti-angiomiRs in the context of diabetic foot ulcers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nastaran Masoudi-Khoram
- Endocrine Research Center, Institute of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahmoud Hassani
- Medical Nanotechnology and Tissue Engineering Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amirhossein Hajialiasgary Najafabadi
- Department of Quantitative and Computational Biology, Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, Goettingen, 37077, Germany; Research Group Translational Epigenetics, Department of Pathology, University of Goettingen, Goettingen, 37075, Germany
| | - Mahdieh Khojasteh
- Heart Center of Goettingen, University Medicine Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Hoda Keshmiri Neghab
- Department of Medical Laser, Medical Laser Research Center, Yara Institute, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zahra Jalili
- Department of Medical Laser, Medical Laser Research Center, Yara Institute, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
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Xia L, Yang M, Zang N, Song J, Chen J, Hu H, Wang K, Xiang Y, Yang J, Wang L, Zou Y, Lv X, Hou X, Chen L. PEGylated β-Cell-Targeting Exosomes from Mesenchymal Stem Cells Improve β Cell Function and Quantity by Suppressing NRF2-Mediated Ferroptosis. Int J Nanomedicine 2024; 19:9575-9596. [PMID: 39296939 PMCID: PMC11410040 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s459077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 08/27/2024] [Indexed: 09/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Background The depletion of β cell mass is widely recognized as a significant contributor to the progression of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Exosomes derived from mesenchymal stem cells (MSC-EXOs) hold promise as cell-free therapies for treating T2DM. However, the precise effects and mechanisms through which MSC-EXO affects β cell function remain incompletely understood, and the limited ability of MSC-EXO to target β cells and the short blood circulation time hampers its therapeutic effectiveness. Methods The effects of MSC-EXO were investigated in T2DM mice induced by a high-fat diet combined with STZ. Additionally, the high glucose-stimulated INS-1 cell line was used to investigate the potential mechanism of MSC-EXO. Michael addition reaction-mediated chemical coupling was used to modify the surface of the exosome membrane with a β-cell-targeting aptamer and polyethylene glycol (PEG). The β-cell targeting and blood circulation time were evaluated, and whether this modification enhanced the islet-protective effect of MSC-EXO was further analyzed. Results We observed that the therapeutic effects of MSC-EXO on T2DM manifested through the reduction of random blood glucose levels, enhancement of glucose and insulin tolerance, and increased insulin secretion. These effects were achieved by augmenting β cell mass via inhibiting nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NRF2)-mediated ferroptosis. Mechanistically, MSC-EXOs play a role in the NRF2-mediated anti-ferroptosis mechanism by transporting active proteins that are abundant in the AKT and ERK pathways. Moreover, compared to MSC-EXOs, aptamer- and PEG-modified exosomes (Apt-EXOs) were more effective in islet protection through PEG-mediated cycle prolongation and aptamer-mediated β-cell targeting. Conclusion MSC-EXO suppresses NRF2-mediated ferroptosis by delivering bioactive proteins to regulate the AKT/ERK signaling pathway, thereby improving the function and quantity of β cells. Additionally, Apt-EXO may serve as a novel drug carrier for islet-targeted therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Longqing Xia
- Department of Endocrinology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, People's Republic of China
| | - Mengmeng Yang
- Department of Endocrinology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, People's Republic of China
| | - Nan Zang
- Department of Endocrinology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, People's Republic of China
- Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shandong Province Medicine & Health, Jinan, 250012, People's Republic of China
- Jinan Clinical Research Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Disease, Jinan, 250012, People's Republic of China
| | - Jia Song
- Department of Endocrinology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, People's Republic of China
- Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shandong Province Medicine & Health, Jinan, 250012, People's Republic of China
- Jinan Clinical Research Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Disease, Jinan, 250012, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Chen
- Department of Endocrinology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, People's Republic of China
- Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shandong Province Medicine & Health, Jinan, 250012, People's Republic of China
- Jinan Clinical Research Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Disease, Jinan, 250012, People's Republic of China
| | - Huiqing Hu
- Department of Endocrinology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, People's Republic of China
| | - Kewei Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, People's Republic of China
| | - Yingyue Xiang
- Department of Endocrinology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingwen Yang
- Department of Endocrinology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, People's Republic of China
| | - Liming Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Zou
- Department of Endocrinology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoyu Lv
- Department of Endocrinology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinguo Hou
- Department of Endocrinology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, People's Republic of China
- Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shandong Province Medicine & Health, Jinan, 250012, People's Republic of China
- Jinan Clinical Research Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Disease, Jinan, 250012, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Chen
- Department of Endocrinology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, People's Republic of China
- Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shandong Province Medicine & Health, Jinan, 250012, People's Republic of China
- Jinan Clinical Research Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Disease, Jinan, 250012, People's Republic of China
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Al-Ani SA, Lee QY, Maheswaran D, Sin YM, Loh JS, Foo JB, Hamzah S, Ng JF, Tan LKS. Potential of Exosomes as Multifunctional Nanocarriers for Targeted Drug Delivery. Mol Biotechnol 2024:10.1007/s12033-024-01268-6. [PMID: 39269575 DOI: 10.1007/s12033-024-01268-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2024] [Accepted: 08/24/2024] [Indexed: 09/15/2024]
Abstract
Exosomes are small vesicles that form when multivesicular bodies fuse with the plasma membrane and are released into body fluids. They play a vital role in facilitating communication between cells by transferring different biomolecules, including DNA, RNA, proteins, and lipids, over both short and long distances. They also function as vital mediators in both states of health and disease, exerting an impact on several physiological processes. Exosomes have been modified to overcome the limitations of natural exosomes to enhance their potential as carriers for drug delivery systems, and these modifications aim to improve the drug delivery efficiency, enhance tissue and organ targeting, and prolong the circulating half-life of exosomes. This review discussed recent advancements in exosome nanotechnology, as well as the progression and use of exosomes for drug delivery. The potential commercialisation and challenges associated with the use of exosome-based drug delivery systems were also discussed, aiming to motivate the development of exosome-based theranostic nanoplatforms and nanotechnology for improved healthcare treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Safa Ali Al-Ani
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health & Medical Sciences, Taylor's University, 1, Jalan Taylors, 47500, Subang Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Qiao Ying Lee
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health & Medical Sciences, Taylor's University, 1, Jalan Taylors, 47500, Subang Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Danesha Maheswaran
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health & Medical Sciences, Taylor's University, 1, Jalan Taylors, 47500, Subang Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Yuh Miin Sin
- Faculty of Medicine, AIMST University, Jalan Bedong, 08100, Semeling, Kedah Darulaman, Malaysia
| | - Jian Sheng Loh
- School of Pharmacy, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, 47500, Bandar Sunway, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Jhi Biau Foo
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health & Medical Sciences, Taylor's University, 1, Jalan Taylors, 47500, Subang Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia
- Digital Health and Medical Advancements Impact Lab, Taylor's University, 47500, Subang Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia
- Non-Destructive Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Research Centre, Smart Manufacturing Research Institute, Universiti Teknologi MARA Selangor campus, 42300 Puncak Alam, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Sharina Hamzah
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health & Medical Sciences, Taylor's University, 1, Jalan Taylors, 47500, Subang Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia
- Digital Health and Medical Advancements Impact Lab, Taylor's University, 47500, Subang Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Jeck Fei Ng
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health & Medical Sciences, Taylor's University, 1, Jalan Taylors, 47500, Subang Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia
- Digital Health and Medical Advancements Impact Lab, Taylor's University, 47500, Subang Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Li Kar Stella Tan
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health & Medical Sciences, Taylor's University, 1, Jalan Taylors, 47500, Subang Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia.
- Digital Health and Medical Advancements Impact Lab, Taylor's University, 47500, Subang Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia.
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Yu J, Huang D, Liu H, Cai H. Optimizing Conditions of Polyethylene Glycol Precipitation for Exosomes Isolation From MSCs Culture Media for Regenerative Treatment. Biotechnol J 2024; 19:e202400374. [PMID: 39295548 DOI: 10.1002/biot.202400374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2024] [Revised: 08/28/2024] [Accepted: 09/02/2024] [Indexed: 09/21/2024]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)-derived exosomes, as a cell-free alternative to MSCs, offer enhanced safety and significant potential in regenerative medicine. However, isolating these exosomes poses a challenge, complicating their broader application. Commonly used methods like ultracentrifugation (UC) and tangential flow filtration are often impractical due to the requirement for costly instruments and ultrafiltration membranes. Additionally, the high cost of commercial kits limits their use in processing large sample volumes. Polyethylene glycol (PEG) precipitation offers a more convenient and cost-effective alternative, but there is a critical need for optimized and standardized isolation protocols using PEG precipitation across different cell types and fluids to ensure consistent quality and yield. In this work, we optimized the PEG precipitation method for exosomes isolation and compared its effectiveness to two commonly used methods: UC and commercial exosome isolation kits (ExoQuick). The recovery rate of the optimized PEG method (about 61.74%) was comparable to that of the commercial ExoQuick kit (about 62.19%), which was significantly higher than UC (about 45.80%). Exosome cargo analysis validated no significant differences in miRNA and protein profiles associated with the proliferation and migration of exosomes isolated by UC and PEG precipitation, which was confirmed by gap closure and CCK8 assays. These findings suggest that PEG-based exosomes isolation could be a highly efficient and high-quality method and may facilitate the development of exosome-based therapies for regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junjun Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Daqiang Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Hanwen Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Haibo Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, P. R. China
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Sarthi S, Bhardwaj H, Kumar Jangde R. Advances in nucleic acid delivery strategies for diabetic wound therapy. J Clin Transl Endocrinol 2024; 37:100366. [PMID: 39286540 PMCID: PMC11404062 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcte.2024.100366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2024] [Revised: 08/13/2024] [Accepted: 08/22/2024] [Indexed: 09/19/2024] Open
Abstract
In recent years, the prevalence of diabetic wounds has significantly increased, posing a substantial medical challenge due to their propensity for infection and delayed healing. These wounds not only increase mortality rates but also lead to amputations and severe mobility issues. To address this, advancements in bioactive molecules such as genes, growth factors, proteins, peptides, stem cells, and exosomes into targeted gene therapies have emerged as a preferred strategy among researchers. Additionally, the integration of photothermal therapy (PTT), nucleic acid, and gene therapy, along with 3D printing technology and the layer-by-layer (LBL) self-assembly approach, shows promise in diabetic wound treatment. Effective delivery of small interfering RNA (siRNA) relies on gene vectors. This review provides an in-depth exploration of the pathophysiological characteristics observed in diabetic wounds, encompassing diminished angiogenesis, heightened levels of reactive oxygen species, and impaired immune function. It further examines advancements in nucleic acid delivery, targeted gene therapy, advanced drug delivery systems, layer-by-layer (LBL) techniques, negative pressure wound therapy (NPWT), 3D printing, hyperbaric oxygen therapy, and ongoing clinical trials. Through the integration of recent research insights, this review presents innovative strategies aimed at augmenting the multifaceted management of diabetic wounds, thus paving the way for enhanced therapeutic outcomes in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soniya Sarthi
- University Institute of Pharmacy, Pt. Ravishankar Shukla University Raipur, Chhattisgarh 492010, India
| | - Harish Bhardwaj
- University Institute of Pharmacy, Pt. Ravishankar Shukla University Raipur, Chhattisgarh 492010, India
| | - Rajendra Kumar Jangde
- University Institute of Pharmacy, Pt. Ravishankar Shukla University Raipur, Chhattisgarh 492010, India
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Sun Y, Zhang S, Shen Y, Lu H, Zhao X, Wang X, Wang Y, Wang T, Liu B, Yao L, Wen J. Therapeutic application of mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes in skin wound healing. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2024; 12:1428793. [PMID: 39161350 PMCID: PMC11330766 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2024.1428793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2024] [Accepted: 07/25/2024] [Indexed: 08/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Wound healing is a complicated obstacle, especially for chronic wounds. Mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes may be a promising cell-free approach for treating skin wound healing. Exosomes can accelerate wound healing by attenuating inflammation, promoting angiogenesis, cell proliferation, extracellular matrix production and remodeling. However, many issues, such as off-target effects and high degradation of exosomes in wound sites need to be addressed before applying into clinical therapy. Therefore, the bioengineering technology has been introduced to modify exosomes with greater stability and specific therapeutic property. To prolong the function time and the local concentration of exosomes in the wound bed, the use of biomaterials to load exosomes emerges as a promising strategy. In this review, we summarize the biogenesis and characteristics of exosomes, the role of exosomes in wound healing, and the therapeutic applications of modified-exosomes in wound healing. The challenges and prospects of exosomes in wound healing are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunhan Sun
- School of Stomatology, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Shun Zhang
- School of Stomatology, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Yukai Shen
- School of Stomatology, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Haoyang Lu
- School of Stomatology, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Xincan Zhao
- School of Stomatology, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Xin Wang
- School of Stomatology, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Yongkai Wang
- School of Stomatology, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Taiping Wang
- School of Stomatology, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Bing Liu
- School of Stomatology, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Lan Yao
- Eye Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Jie Wen
- School of Stomatology, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China
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Wei JT, He T, Shen K, Xu ZG, Han JT, Yang XK. Adipose stem cell-derived exosomes in the treatment of wound healing in preclinical animal models: a meta-analysis. BURNS & TRAUMA 2024; 12:tkae025. [PMID: 39099759 PMCID: PMC11298109 DOI: 10.1093/burnst/tkae025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2023] [Revised: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 08/06/2024]
Abstract
Background Wound healing has always been a serious issue for doctors and primary health care systems. In addition, adipose stem cell-derived exosomes have been proven to play a positive and effective role in tissue repair and regeneration. A systematic review of these preclinical studies was performed to assess the efficacy of adipose stem cell-derived exosomes (ADSC-Exos) in treating wounds. This article aimed to study the effectiveness of ADSC-Exos for the treatment of animal skin wounds and includes a meta-analysis of exosomes from general wounds and diabetic ulcer wounds in in vitro models of animals to provide a theoretical basis for clinical translation. Methods A total of 19 studies with 356 animals were identified by searching the PubMed, Cochrane, MEDLINE Complete, Web of Science, CNKI and Wanfang databases from inception to 15 November 2022. No language or time restrictions were applied. Stata17 was used for all the data analyses. Results The meta-analysis showed that ADSC-Exo therapy significantly improved the wound healing rate in the control group, except in the diabetes group on day 7. Day 7 of general wounds [standard mean difference (SMD) 2.87, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.91-3.83)] and day 14 (SMD 2.89, 95%CI 1.47-4.30). Day 14 (SMD 3.43, 95%CI 1.28-5.58) of diabetic wounds. Other outcomes, such as blood vessel density, collagen deposition and wound re-epithelization, improved with the administration of ADSC-Exos. Conclusions A meta-analysis showed that ADSC-Exo therapy applied to general and diabetic wounds can promote neovascularization, improve epithelization and collagen fiber deposition, promote healing, and reduce scar formation. ADSC-Exos have broad potential in preclinical research and clinical fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-tao Wei
- Department of Burns and Cutaneous Surgery, Burn Center of PLA, The First Affiliated Hospital of Air Force Medical University, Chang-Le Xi Street#127, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Ting He
- Department of Burns and Cutaneous Surgery, Burn Center of PLA, The First Affiliated Hospital of Air Force Medical University, Chang-Le Xi Street#127, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Kuo Shen
- Department of Burns and Cutaneous Surgery, Burn Center of PLA, The First Affiliated Hospital of Air Force Medical University, Chang-Le Xi Street#127, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Zhi-gang Xu
- Department of Burns and Cutaneous Surgery, Burn Center of PLA, The First Affiliated Hospital of Air Force Medical University, Chang-Le Xi Street#127, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Jun-tao Han
- Department of Burns and Cutaneous Surgery, Burn Center of PLA, The First Affiliated Hospital of Air Force Medical University, Chang-Le Xi Street#127, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Xue-kang Yang
- Department of Burns and Cutaneous Surgery, Burn Center of PLA, The First Affiliated Hospital of Air Force Medical University, Chang-Le Xi Street#127, Xi'an 710032, China
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Mazahir F, Yadav AK. Recent progress in engineered extracellular vesicles and their biomedical applications. Life Sci 2024; 350:122747. [PMID: 38797364 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2024.122747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2024] [Revised: 05/14/2024] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
AIMS To present the recent update on the isolation, engineering techniques for extracellular vesicles, limitations associated with different isolation techniques, different biomedical applications, and challenges of engineered extracellular vesicles for the benefit of researchers from academic, industry, etc. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Peer-reviewed articles from most recognized journals were collected, and presented information was analyzed to discuss collection, chemical, electroporation, cellular, and membrane surface engineering to design extracellular vesicles for various therapeutic applications. In addition, we present the applications and limitations of techniques for the collection of extracellular vesicles. KEY FINDINGS There is a need for isolation techniques with the gold standard. However, advanced extracellular vesicle isolation techniques showed improved recovery, and purity of extracellular vesicles. Tumor therapy is a major part of the therapy section that illustrates the role of engineered extracellular vesicles in synergetic therapy such as phototherapy, theragnostic, and delivery of genetic materials. In addition, extracellular vesicles have shown their potential in the treatment of retinal disorders, neurodegenerative disease, tuberculosis, osteoporosis, inflammatory bowel disease, vaccine production, and wound healing. SIGNIFICANCE Engineered extracellular vesicles can deliver cargo to the specific cells, elicit an immune response and could be used for the development of the vaccines in the future. However, the progress is at the initial stage. Overall, this review will provide a comprehensive understanding and could serve as a reference for researchers in the clinical translation of engineered extracellular vesicles in different biomedical fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farhan Mazahir
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research Raebareli, A Transit Campus, Bijnor-Sisendi Road, Bijnor, Lucknow-226002, India
| | - Awesh K Yadav
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research Raebareli, A Transit Campus, Bijnor-Sisendi Road, Bijnor, Lucknow-226002, India.
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Arbade G, Jose JV, Gulbake A, Kadam S, Kashte SB. From stem cells to extracellular vesicles: a new horizon in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. Cytotechnology 2024; 76:363-401. [PMID: 38933869 PMCID: PMC11196501 DOI: 10.1007/s10616-024-00631-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
In the fields of tissue engineering and regenerative medicine, extracellular vesicles (EVs) have become viable therapeutic tools. EVs produced from stem cells promote tissue healing by regulating the immune system, enhancing cell proliferation and aiding remodeling processes. Recently, EV has gained significant attention from researchers due to its ability to treat various diseases. Unlike stem cells, stem cell-derived EVs show lower immunogenicity, are less able to overcome biological barriers, and have a higher safety profile. This makes the use of EVs derived from cell-free stem cells a promising alternative to whole-cell therapy. This review focuses on the biogenesis, isolation, and characterization of EVs and highlights their therapeutic potential for bone fracture healing, wound healing, and neuronal tissue repair and treatment of kidney and intestinal diseases. Additionally, this review discusses the potential of EVs for the treatment of cancer, COVID-19, and HIV. In summary, the use of EVs derived from stem cells offers a new horizon for applications in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Arvind Gulbake
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Guwahati, (NIPER G), Guwahati, Assam 781101 India
| | - Sachin Kadam
- Sophisticated Analytical and Technical Help Institute, Indian Institute of Technology, Delhi, New Delhi 110016 India
| | - Shivaji B. Kashte
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Centre for Interdisciplinary Research, D. Y. Patil Education Society (Institution Deemed to be University), Kolhapur, MS 416006 India
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Jian X, Han J, Chen J, Xiao S, Deng C. Therapeutic potential of microRNA-engineered exosomes in diabetic wound healing: a meta-analysis. Arch Dermatol Res 2024; 316:493. [PMID: 39066806 DOI: 10.1007/s00403-024-03234-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2024] [Revised: 05/12/2024] [Accepted: 07/16/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024]
Abstract
Diabetic wounds, a prevalent diabetes complication, pose significant challenges in treatment. MicroRNA-engineered exosomes (miR-exo) are a promising new treatment for diabetic wounds; however, their mechanism remains to be completely understood. Therefore, we aimed to conduct a meta-analysis to evaluate the efficacy of miR-exo treatment in the management of diabetic wounds. To achieve this aim, academic databases, including PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Library, were searched for papers published before July 4, 2023. Outcome indicators (e.g., rate of wound healing, neovascular count, rate of re-epithelialization, deposition of collagen, breadth of scar, and inflammatory factors) were assessed. Six studies (total of 72 animals) met inclusion criteria and were analyzed. The amalgamated data revealed that miR-exo treatment exhibited superior results compared to those of control therapy. miR-exo treatment significantly enhanced the rate of wound healing, increased the number of neovascular formations, accelerated the rate of re-epithelialization, increased collagen deposition, reduced scar width, while significantly downregulating the expression of inflammatory factors. Our findings indicate that miR-exo treatment augments overall diabetic wound healing, especially when administered in conjunction with innovative dressings. To ascertain the optimal parameters for miR-exo treatment in managing diabetic wounds, future studies must encompass rigorous, large-scale, double-blinded clinical trials while incorporating long-term follow-up assessments for enhanced reliability and accuracy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xichao Jian
- Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563003, Guizhou, P. R. China
| | - Jiansu Han
- Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563003, Guizhou, P. R. China
| | - Junzhe Chen
- Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563003, Guizhou, P. R. China
| | - Shune Xiao
- Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563003, Guizhou, P. R. China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Tissue Repair and Regenerative Medicine, Zunyi, 563003, Guizhou, P. R. China
| | - Chengliang Deng
- Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563003, Guizhou, P. R. China.
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Tissue Repair and Regenerative Medicine, Zunyi, 563003, Guizhou, P. R. China.
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Liu L, Liu D. Bioengineered mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes: emerging strategies for diabetic wound healing. BURNS & TRAUMA 2024; 12:tkae030. [PMID: 39015252 PMCID: PMC11250359 DOI: 10.1093/burnst/tkae030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Revised: 05/10/2024] [Indexed: 07/18/2024]
Abstract
Diabetic wounds are among the most common complications of diabetes mellitus and their healing process can be delayed due to persistent inflammatory reactions, bacterial infections, damaged vascularization and impaired cell proliferation, which casts a blight on patients'health and quality of life. Therefore, new strategies to accelerate diabetic wound healing are being positively explored. Exosomes derived from mesenchymal stem cells (MSC-Exos) can inherit the therapeutic and reparative abilities of stem cells and play a crucial role in diabetic wound healing. However, poor targeting, low concentrations of therapeutic molecules, easy removal from wounds and limited yield of MSC-Exos are challenging for clinical applications. Bioengineering techniques have recently gained attention for their ability to enhance the efficacy and yield of MSC-Exos. In this review, we summarise the role of MSC-Exos in diabetic wound healing and focus on three bioengineering strategies, namely, parental MSC-Exos engineering, direct MSC-Exos engineering and MSC-Exos combined with biomaterials. Furthermore, the application of bioengineered MSC-Exos in diabetic wound healing is reviewed. Finally, we discuss the future prospects of bioengineered MSC-Exos, providing new insights into the exploration of therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lihua Liu
- Medical Center of Burn Plastic and Wound Repair, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Yongwaizheng Road, Donghu District, Nanchang, Jiangxi, P.R. China
- Huankui Academy, Nanchang University, Xuefu Road, Honggutan District, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330006, P.R. China
| | - Dewu Liu
- Medical Center of Burn Plastic and Wound Repair, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Yongwaizheng Road, Donghu District, Nanchang, Jiangxi, P.R. China
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43
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Yue G, Li Y, Liu Z, Yu S, Cao Y, Wang X. Efficacy of MSC-derived small extracellular vesicles in treating type II diabetic cutaneous wounds: a systematic review and meta-analysis of animal models. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2024; 15:1375632. [PMID: 39076515 PMCID: PMC11284036 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2024.1375632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 06/25/2024] [Indexed: 07/31/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Small extracellular vesicles derived from mesenchymal stem cells (MSC-sEVs) have emerged as a promising therapy for treating type II diabetic cutaneous wounds. Currently, the evidence supporting the use of MSC-sEVs for treating diabetic skin wounds remains inconclusive and is limited to preclinical studies. To facilitate the clinical translation of cell-free therapy, conducting a comprehensive systematic review of preclinical studies assessing the efficacy of MSC-sEVs is imperative. Methods A systematic search was conducted on PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, and Cochrane Library databases until June 14, 2023, to identify studies that met our pre-established inclusion criteria. The outcome indicators comprised wound closure rate (primary outcome), neovascular density, re-epithelialization rate, collagen deposition, and inflammatory factors (secondary Outcomes). A fixed-effects model was employed in instances of low heterogeneity (I2<50%), while a random-effects model was utilized for high heterogeneity (I2≥50%). The risk of bias in animal studies was assessed using the SYRCLE tool. Results Twenty-one studies were included in this meta-analysis. Compared with the control group, MSC-sEVs were found to significantly facilitate the healing of cutaneous wounds in type II diabetic patients (standardized mean difference [SMD]=3.16, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.65 to 3.66, P<0.00001, I2 = 39%). Conclusions According to the meta-analysis of preclinical studies, MSC-sEVs show promising applications in promoting type II diabetic wound healing. As a result, translating these findings into clinical applications appears warranted. Systematic review registration https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero, identifier CRD42023375467.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangren Yue
- Plastic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yu Li
- Plastic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zheng Liu
- Plastic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Shuying Yu
- Plastic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yilin Cao
- Plastic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai 9th People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Tissue Engineering, National Tissue Engineering Center of China, Shanghai, China
| | - Ximei Wang
- Plastic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
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Li Y, Zhu Z, Li S, Xie X, Qin L, Zhang Q, Yang Y, Wang T, Zhang Y. Exosomes: compositions, biogenesis, and mechanisms in diabetic wound healing. J Nanobiotechnology 2024; 22:398. [PMID: 38970103 PMCID: PMC11225131 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-024-02684-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2024] [Accepted: 07/01/2024] [Indexed: 07/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Diabetic wounds are characterized by incomplete healing and delayed healing, resulting in a considerable global health care burden. Exosomes are lipid bilayer structures secreted by nearly all cells and express characteristic conserved proteins and parent cell-associated proteins. Exosomes harbor a diverse range of biologically active macromolecules and small molecules that can act as messengers between different cells, triggering functional changes in recipient cells and thus endowing the ability to cure various diseases, including diabetic wounds. Exosomes accelerate diabetic wound healing by regulating cellular function, inhibiting oxidative stress damage, suppressing the inflammatory response, promoting vascular regeneration, accelerating epithelial regeneration, facilitating collagen remodeling, and reducing scarring. Exosomes from different tissues or cells potentially possess functions of varying levels and can promote wound healing. For example, mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes (MSC-exos) have favorable potential in the field of healing due to their superior stability, permeability, biocompatibility, and immunomodulatory properties. Exosomes, which are derived from skin cellular components, can modulate inflammation and promote the regeneration of key skin cells, which in turn promotes skin healing. Therefore, this review mainly emphasizes the roles and mechanisms of exosomes from different sources, represented by MSCs and skin sources, in improving diabetic wound healing. A deeper understanding of therapeutic exosomes will yield promising candidates and perspectives for diabetic wound healing management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yichuan Li
- Department of Dermatology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Zhanyong Zhu
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, 430060, China
| | - Sicheng Li
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, 430060, China
| | - Xiaohang Xie
- Department of Dermatology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Lei Qin
- Department of Dermatology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Qi Zhang
- Department of Plastic and Cosmetic Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, China
- Xianning Medical College, Hubei University of Science & Technology, Xianning, Hubei, 437000, China
| | - Yan Yang
- Health Management Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China.
| | - Ting Wang
- Department of Medical Ultrasound, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College of Huazhong, University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China.
| | - Yong Zhang
- Department of Dermatology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China.
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Lin Z, Lin D, Lin D. The Mechanisms of Adipose Stem Cell-Derived Exosomes Promote Wound Healing and Regeneration. Aesthetic Plast Surg 2024; 48:2730-2737. [PMID: 38438760 DOI: 10.1007/s00266-024-03871-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 03/06/2024]
Abstract
Chronic wound healing is a class of diseases influenced by multiple complex factors, causing severe psychological and physiological impact on patients. It is an intractable clinical challenge and its possible mechanisms are not yet clear. It has been proven that adipose stem cell-derived exosomes (ADSC-Exos) can promote wound healing and inhibit scar formation by regulating inflammation, promoting cell proliferation, migration, and angiogenesis, regulating matrix remodeling, which provides a new approach for wound healing through biological treatment. This review focuses on the mechanism, treatment, and administration methods of ADSC-Exos in wound healing, providing a comprehensive understanding the mechanisms of ADSC-Exos on wound healing. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE I: This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266 .
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengjie Lin
- Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Danyi Lin
- Department of Pathology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Dane Lin
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, No. 57 Changping Road, Shantou, Guangdong, China.
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46
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Yang S, Sun Y, Yan C. Recent advances in the use of extracellular vesicles from adipose-derived stem cells for regenerative medical therapeutics. J Nanobiotechnology 2024; 22:316. [PMID: 38844939 PMCID: PMC11157933 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-024-02603-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) are a subset of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) isolated from adipose tissue. They possess remarkable properties, including multipotency, self-renewal, and easy clinical availability. ADSCs are also capable of promoting tissue regeneration through the secretion of various cytokines, factors, and extracellular vesicles (EVs). ADSC-derived EVs (ADSC-EVs) act as intercellular signaling mediators that encapsulate a range of biomolecules. These EVs have been found to mediate the therapeutic activities of donor cells by promoting the proliferation and migration of effector cells, facilitating angiogenesis, modulating immunity, and performing other specific functions in different tissues. Compared to the donor cells themselves, ADSC-EVs offer advantages such as fewer safety concerns and more convenient transportation and storage for clinical application. As a result, these EVs have received significant attention as cell-free therapeutic agents with potential future application in regenerative medicine. In this review, we focus on recent research progress regarding regenerative medical use of ADSC-EVs across various medical conditions, including wound healing, chronic limb ischemia, angiogenesis, myocardial infarction, diabetic nephropathy, fat graft survival, bone regeneration, cartilage regeneration, tendinopathy and tendon healing, peripheral nerve regeneration, and acute lung injury, among others. We also discuss the underlying mechanisms responsible for inducing these therapeutic effects. We believe that deciphering the biological properties, therapeutic effects, and underlying mechanisms associated with ADSC-EVs will provide a foundation for developing a novel therapeutic approach in regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Song Yang
- Institute of Life Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yiran Sun
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, 610500, People's Republic of China.
| | - Chenchen Yan
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, 610500, People's Republic of China
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Shimizu Y, Ntege EH, Inoue Y, Matsuura N, Sunami H, Sowa Y. Optimizing mesenchymal stem cell extracellular vesicles for chronic wound healing: Bioengineering, standardization, and safety. Regen Ther 2024; 26:260-274. [PMID: 38978963 PMCID: PMC11228664 DOI: 10.1016/j.reth.2024.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2024] [Revised: 05/12/2024] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 07/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Chronic wounds represent a significant global burden, afflicting millions with debilitating complications. Despite standard care, impaired healing persists due to factors like persistent inflammation and impaired tissue regeneration. Mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) offer an innovative regenerative medicine approach, delivering stem cell-derived therapeutic cargo in engineered nanoscale delivery systems. This review examines pioneering bioengineering strategies to engineer MSC-EVs into precision nanotherapeutics for chronic wounds. Emerging technologies like CRISPR gene editing, microfluidic manufacturing, and biomimetic delivery systems are highlighted for their potential to enhance MSC-EV targeting, optimize therapeutic cargo enrichment, and ensure consistent clinical-grade production. However, key hurdles remain, including batch variability, rigorous safety assessment for potential tumorigenicity, immunogenicity, and biodistribution profiling. Crucially, collaborative frameworks harmonizing regulatory science with bioengineering and patient advocacy hold the key to expediting global clinical translation. By overcoming these challenges, engineered MSC-EVs could catalyze a new era of off-the-shelf regenerative therapies, restoring hope and healing for millions afflicted by non-healing wounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Shimizu
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, 207 Uehara, Nishihara, Nakagami, Okinawa, 903-0215, Japan
| | - Edward Hosea Ntege
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, 207 Uehara, Nishihara, Nakagami, Okinawa, 903-0215, Japan
| | - Yoshikazu Inoue
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, School of Medicine, Fujita Health University, 1-98, Dengakugakubo, Kutsukake, Toyoake, Aichi, 470-1192, Japan
| | - Naoki Matsuura
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, 207 Uehara, Nishihara, Nakagami, Okinawa, 903-0215, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Sunami
- Center for Advanced Medical Research, School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, 207 Uehara, Nishihara, Nakagami, Okinawa, 903-0215, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Sowa
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Jichi Medical University, 3311-1, Yakushiji, Shimotsuke, 329-0498, Tochigi, Japan
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Wu YL, Lin ZJ, Li CC, Lin X, Shan SK, Guo B, Zheng MH, Wang Y, Li F, Yuan LQ. Adipose exosomal noncoding RNAs: Roles and mechanisms in metabolic diseases. Obes Rev 2024; 25:e13740. [PMID: 38571458 DOI: 10.1111/obr.13740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Revised: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
Exosomes are extracellular vesicles, measuring 40-160 nm in diameter, that are released by many cell types and tissues, including adipose tissue. Exosomes are critical mediators of intercellular communication and their contents are complex and diverse. In recent years, accumulating evidence has proved that multiple adipose tissue-derived exosomal noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs), including microRNAs (miRNAs), long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) and circular RNAs (circRNAs), play pivotal roles in the pathogenesis of diverse metabolic diseases, such as obesity. In this narrative review, we focus on the adipose tissue-derived exosomal ncRNAs, especially exosomal miRNAs, and their dysregulation in multiple types of metabolic diseases. A deeper understanding of the role of adipose tissue-derived exosomal ncRNAs may help provide new diagnostic and treatment methods for metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Lin Wu
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Disease, Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Zheng-Jun Lin
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Disease, Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Chang-Chun Li
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Disease, Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Xiao Lin
- Department of Radiology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Su-Kang Shan
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Disease, Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Bei Guo
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Disease, Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Ming-Hui Zheng
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Disease, Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yi Wang
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Disease, Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Fuxingzi Li
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Disease, Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Ling-Qing Yuan
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Disease, Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
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Moghassemi S, Dadashzadeh A, Sousa MJ, Vlieghe H, Yang J, León-Félix CM, Amorim CA. Extracellular vesicles in nanomedicine and regenerative medicine: A review over the last decade. Bioact Mater 2024; 36:126-156. [PMID: 38450204 PMCID: PMC10915394 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2024.02.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Revised: 02/15/2024] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) are known to be secreted by a vast majority of cells. These sEVs, specifically exosomes, induce specific cell-to-cell interactions and can activate signaling pathways in recipient cells through fusion or interaction. These nanovesicles possess several desirable properties, making them ideal for regenerative medicine and nanomedicine applications. These properties include exceptional stability, biocompatibility, wide biodistribution, and minimal immunogenicity. However, the practical utilization of sEVs, particularly in clinical settings and at a large scale, is hindered by the expensive procedures required for their isolation, limited circulation lifetime, and suboptimal targeting capacity. Despite these challenges, sEVs have demonstrated a remarkable ability to accommodate various cargoes and have found extensive applications in the biomedical sciences. To overcome the limitations of sEVs and broaden their potential applications, researchers should strive to deepen their understanding of current isolation, loading, and characterization techniques. Additionally, acquiring fundamental knowledge about sEVs origins and employing state-of-the-art methodologies in nanomedicine and regenerative medicine can expand the sEVs research scope. This review provides a comprehensive overview of state-of-the-art exosome-based strategies in diverse nanomedicine domains, encompassing cancer therapy, immunotherapy, and biomarker applications. Furthermore, we emphasize the immense potential of exosomes in regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saeid Moghassemi
- Pôle de Recherche en Physiopathologie de La Reproduction, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Arezoo Dadashzadeh
- Pôle de Recherche en Physiopathologie de La Reproduction, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Maria João Sousa
- Pôle de Recherche en Physiopathologie de La Reproduction, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Hanne Vlieghe
- Pôle de Recherche en Physiopathologie de La Reproduction, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Jie Yang
- Pôle de Recherche en Physiopathologie de La Reproduction, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Cecibel María León-Félix
- Pôle de Recherche en Physiopathologie de La Reproduction, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Christiani A. Amorim
- Pôle de Recherche en Physiopathologie de La Reproduction, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
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Menjivar NG, Oropallo J, Gebremedhn S, Souza LA, Gad A, Puttlitz CM, Tesfaye D. MicroRNA Nano-Shuttles: Engineering Extracellular Vesicles as a Cutting-Edge Biotechnology Platform for Clinical Use in Therapeutics. Biol Proced Online 2024; 26:14. [PMID: 38773366 PMCID: PMC11106895 DOI: 10.1186/s12575-024-00241-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2024] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 05/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are nano-sized, membranous transporters of various active biomolecules with inflicting phenotypic capabilities, that are naturally secreted by almost all cells with a promising vantage point as a potential leading drug delivery platform. The intrinsic characteristics of their low toxicity, superior structural stability, and cargo loading capacity continue to fuel a multitude of research avenues dedicated to loading EVs with therapeutic and diagnostic cargos (pharmaceutical compounds, nucleic acids, proteins, and nanomaterials) in attempts to generate superior natural nanoscale delivery systems for clinical application in therapeutics. In addition to their well-known role in intercellular communication, EVs harbor microRNAs (miRNAs), which can alter the translational potential of receiving cells and thus act as important mediators in numerous biological and pathological processes. To leverage this potential, EVs can be structurally engineered to shuttle therapeutic miRNAs to diseased recipient cells as a potential targeted 'treatment' or 'therapy'. Herein, this review focuses on the therapeutic potential of EV-coupled miRNAs; summarizing the biogenesis, contents, and function of EVs, as well as providing both a comprehensive discussion of current EV loading techniques and an update on miRNA-engineered EVs as a next-generation platform piloting benchtop studies to propel potential clinical translation on the forefront of nanomedicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nico G Menjivar
- Animal Reproduction and Biotechnology Laboratory (ARBL), Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, 80523, USA
| | - Jaiden Oropallo
- Orthopaedic Bioengineering Research Laboratory (OBRL), Translational Medicine Institute (TMI), Department of Mechanical Engineering, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, 80523, USA
- Orthopaedic Research Center (ORC), Translational Medicine Institute (TMI), Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Science, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, 80523, USA
| | - Samuel Gebremedhn
- Animal Reproduction and Biotechnology Laboratory (ARBL), Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, 80523, USA
- J.R. Simplot Company, 1099 W. Front St, Boise, ID, 83702, USA
| | - Luca A Souza
- Animal Reproduction and Biotechnology Laboratory (ARBL), Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, 80523, USA
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science and Food Engineering, University of São Paulo, 225 Av. Duque de Caxias Norte, Pirassununga, SP, 13635-900, Brazil
| | - Ahmed Gad
- Animal Reproduction and Biotechnology Laboratory (ARBL), Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, 80523, USA
- Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Cairo University, Giza, 12613, Egypt
| | - Christian M Puttlitz
- Orthopaedic Bioengineering Research Laboratory (OBRL), Translational Medicine Institute (TMI), Department of Mechanical Engineering, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, 80523, USA
| | - Dawit Tesfaye
- Animal Reproduction and Biotechnology Laboratory (ARBL), Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, 80523, USA.
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