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Wang X, Yang Y, Wang Y, Lu C, Hu X, Kawazoe N, Yang Y, Chen G. Focal adhesion and actin orientation regulated by cellular geometry determine stem cell differentiation via mechanotransduction. Acta Biomater 2024:S1742-7061(24)00256-3. [PMID: 38734287 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2024.05.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2023] [Revised: 04/23/2024] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024]
Abstract
Tuning cell adhesion geometry can affect cytoskeleton organization and the distribution of cytoskeleton forces, which play critical roles in controlling cell functions. To elucidate the geometrical relationship with cytoskeleton force distribution, it is necessary to control cell morphology. In this study, a series of dextral vortex micropatterns were prepared to precisely control cell morphology for investigating the influence of the curvature degree of adhesion curves on intracellular force distribution and stem cell differentiation at a sub-cellular level. Peripherial actin filaments of micropatterned cells were assembled along the adhesion curves and showed different orientations, filament thicknesses and densities. Focal adhesion and cytoskeleton force distribution were dependent on the curvature degree. Intracellular force distribution was also regulated by adhesion curves. The cytoskeleton and force distribution affected the osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells through a YAP/TAZ-mediated mechanotransduction process. Thus, regulation of cell adhesion curvature, especially at cytoskeletal filament level, is critical for cell function manipulation. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: In this study, a series of dextral micro-vortexes were prepared and used for the culture of human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) to precisely control adhesive curvatures (0°, 30°, 60°, and 90°). The single MSCs on the micropatterns had the same size and shape but showed distinct focal adhesion (FA) and cytoskeleton orientations. Cellular nanomechanics were observed to be correlated with the curvature degrees, subsequently influencing nuclear morphological features. As a consequence, the localization of the mechanotransduction sensor and activator-YAP/TAZ was affected, influencing osteogenic differentiation. The results revealed the pivotal role of adhesive curvatures in the manipulation of stem cell differentiation via the machanotransduction process, which has rarely been investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinlong Wang
- Research Center for Macromolecules and Biomaterials, National Institute for Materials Science, 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0044, Japan; Graduate School of Science and Technology, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8571, Japan
| | - Yingjun Yang
- Research Center for Macromolecules and Biomaterials, National Institute for Materials Science, 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0044, Japan; Graduate School of Science and Technology, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8571, Japan
| | - Yongtao Wang
- Research Center for Macromolecules and Biomaterials, National Institute for Materials Science, 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0044, Japan; Graduate School of Science and Technology, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8571, Japan
| | - Chengyu Lu
- Research Center for Macromolecules and Biomaterials, National Institute for Materials Science, 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0044, Japan; Graduate School of Science and Technology, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8571, Japan
| | - Xiaohong Hu
- Research Center for Macromolecules and Biomaterials, National Institute for Materials Science, 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0044, Japan; Graduate School of Life and Environmental Science, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8571, Japan
| | - Naoki Kawazoe
- Research Center for Macromolecules and Biomaterials, National Institute for Materials Science, 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0044, Japan
| | - Yingnan Yang
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Science, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8571, Japan
| | - Guoping Chen
- Research Center for Macromolecules and Biomaterials, National Institute for Materials Science, 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0044, Japan; Graduate School of Science and Technology, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8571, Japan.
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2
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Klimovič Š, Beckerová D, Věžník J, Kabanov D, Lacina K, Jelinkova S, Gumulec J, Rotrekl V, Přibyl J. Hyaluronic acid-based hydrogels with tunable mechanics improved structural and contractile properties of cells. BIOMATERIALS ADVANCES 2024; 159:213819. [PMID: 38430724 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioadv.2024.213819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Revised: 02/19/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
Extracellular matrix (ECM) regulates cellular responses through mechanotransduction. The standard approach of in vitro culturing on plastic surfaces overlooks this phenomenon, so there is a need for biocompatible materials that exhibit adjustable mechanical and structural properties, promote cell adhesion and proliferation at low cost and for use in 2D or 3D cell cultures. This study presents a new tunable hydrogel system prepared from high-molecular hyaluronic acid (HA), Bovine serum albumin (BSA), and gelatin cross-linked using EDC/NHS. Hydrogels with Young's moduli (E) ranging from subunit to units of kilopascals were prepared by gradually increasing HA and BSA concentrations. Concentrated high-molecular HA network led to stiffer hydrogel with lower cluster size and swelling capacity. Medium and oxygen diffusion capability of all hydrogels showed they are suitable for 3D cell cultures. Mechanical and structural changes of mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) on hydrogels were compared with cells on standard cultivation surfaces. Experiments showed that hydrogels have suitable mechanical and cell adhesion capabilities, resulting in structural changes of actin filaments. Lastly, applying hydrogel for a more complex HL-1 cell line revealed improved mechanical and electrophysiological contractile properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Šimon Klimovič
- CEITEC, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic; Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Deborah Beckerová
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic; ICRC, St. Anne's University Hospital, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jakub Věžník
- CEITEC, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic; Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Daniil Kabanov
- CEITEC, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic; Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Karel Lacina
- CEITEC, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Sarka Jelinkova
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jaromír Gumulec
- Department of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Vladimír Rotrekl
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic; ICRC, St. Anne's University Hospital, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Přibyl
- CEITEC, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic.
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3
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Feng Y, Wang S, Liu X, Han Y, Xu H, Duan X, Xie W, Tian Z, Yuan Z, Wan Z, Xu L, Qin S, He K, Huang J. Geometric constraint-triggered collagen expression mediates bacterial-host adhesion. Nat Commun 2023; 14:8165. [PMID: 38071397 PMCID: PMC10710423 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-43827-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Cells living in geometrically confined microenvironments are ubiquitous in various physiological processes, e.g., wound closure. However, it remains unclear whether and how spatially geometric constraints on host cells regulate bacteria-host interactions. Here, we reveal that interactions between bacteria and spatially constrained cell monolayers exhibit strong spatial heterogeneity, and that bacteria tend to adhere to these cells near the outer edges of confined monolayers. The bacterial adhesion force near the edges of the micropatterned monolayers is up to 75 nN, which is ~3 times higher than that at the centers, depending on the underlying substrate rigidities. Single-cell RNA sequencing experiments indicate that spatially heterogeneous expression of collagen IV with significant edge effects is responsible for the location-dependent bacterial adhesion. Finally, we show that collagen IV inhibitors can potentially be utilized as adjuvants to reduce bacterial adhesion and thus markedly enhance the efficacy of antibiotics, as demonstrated in animal experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuting Feng
- Department of Mechanics and Engineering Science, College of Engineering, Peking University, 100871, Beijing, China
| | - Shuyi Wang
- Department of Mechanics and Engineering Science, College of Engineering, Peking University, 100871, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoye Liu
- Beijing Traditional Chinese Veterinary Engineering Center and Beijing Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, Beijing University of Agriculture, 102206, Beijing, China
| | - Yiming Han
- Department of Mechanics and Engineering Science, College of Engineering, Peking University, 100871, Beijing, China
| | - Hongwei Xu
- Department of Mechanics and Engineering Science, College of Engineering, Peking University, 100871, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaocen Duan
- Department of Mechanics and Engineering Science, College of Engineering, Peking University, 100871, Beijing, China
| | - Wenyue Xie
- Department of Mechanics and Engineering Science, College of Engineering, Peking University, 100871, Beijing, China
| | - Zhuoling Tian
- Department of Mechanics and Engineering Science, College of Engineering, Peking University, 100871, Beijing, China
- Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, 100871, Beijing, China
| | - Zuoying Yuan
- Department of Mechanics and Engineering Science, College of Engineering, Peking University, 100871, Beijing, China
| | - Zhuo Wan
- Department of Mechanics and Engineering Science, College of Engineering, Peking University, 100871, Beijing, China
| | - Liang Xu
- Department of Mechanics and Engineering Science, College of Engineering, Peking University, 100871, Beijing, China
- Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, 100871, Beijing, China
| | - Siying Qin
- School of Life Sciences, Peking University, 100871, Beijing, China
| | - Kangmin He
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100101, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049, Beijing, China
| | - Jianyong Huang
- Department of Mechanics and Engineering Science, College of Engineering, Peking University, 100871, Beijing, China.
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Bernava G, Iop L. Advances in the design, generation, and application of tissue-engineered myocardial equivalents. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2023; 11:1247572. [PMID: 37811368 PMCID: PMC10559975 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1247572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Due to the limited regenerative ability of cardiomyocytes, the disabling irreversible condition of myocardial failure can only be treated with conservative and temporary therapeutic approaches, not able to repair the damage directly, or with organ transplantation. Among the regenerative strategies, intramyocardial cell injection or intravascular cell infusion should attenuate damage to the myocardium and reduce the risk of heart failure. However, these cell delivery-based therapies suffer from significant drawbacks and have a low success rate. Indeed, cardiac tissue engineering efforts are directed to repair, replace, and regenerate native myocardial tissue function. In a regenerative strategy, biomaterials and biomimetic stimuli play a key role in promoting cell adhesion, proliferation, differentiation, and neo-tissue formation. Thus, appropriate biochemical and biophysical cues should be combined with scaffolds emulating extracellular matrix in order to support cell growth and prompt favorable cardiac microenvironment and tissue regeneration. In this review, we provide an overview of recent developments that occurred in the biomimetic design and fabrication of cardiac scaffolds and patches. Furthermore, we sift in vitro and in situ strategies in several preclinical and clinical applications. Finally, we evaluate the possible use of bioengineered cardiac tissue equivalents as in vitro models for disease studies and drug tests.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Laura Iop
- Department of Cardiac Thoracic Vascular Sciences and Public Health, Padua Medical School, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
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5
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Dubois C, Houel-Renault L, Erard M, Boustany NN, Westbrook N. Förster resonance energy transfer efficiency measurements on vinculin tension sensors at focal adhesions using a simple and cost-effective setup. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2023; 28:082808. [PMID: 37441563 PMCID: PMC10335361 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.28.8.082808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2023] [Revised: 05/20/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023]
Abstract
Significance Forces inside cells play a fundamental role in tissue growth, affecting important processes such as cancer cell migration or tissue repair after injury. Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET)-based tension sensors are a remarkable tool for studying these forces and should be made easier to use. Aim We prove that absolute FRET efficiency can be measured on a simple setup, an order of magnitude more cost-effective than a standard FRET microscopy setup, by applying it to vinculin tension sensors (VinTS) at the focal adhesions of live CHO-K1 cells. Approach Our setup located at Université Paris-Saclay acquires donor and acceptor fluorescence in parallel on two low-cost CMOS cameras and uses two LEDs for rapid switching of the excitation wavelength at a reduced cost. The calibration required to extract FRET efficiency was achieved using a single construct (TSMod). FRET efficiencies were measured for VinTS and the tail-less control VinTL, lacking the actin-binding domain of vinculin. Measurements were confirmed on the same cell type using a more standard intensity-based setup located at Rutgers University. Results The average FRET efficiency of VinTS (22.0 % ± 4 % ) over more than 10,000 focal adhesions is significantly lower (p < 10 - 6 ) than that of VinTL (30.4 % ± 5 % ), our control that is insensitive to force, in agreement with the force exerted on vinculin at focal adhesions. Attachment of the CHO-K1 cells on fibronectin decreases FRET efficiency, thus increasing the force, compared with poly-lysine. FRET efficiency for the VinTL control is consistent with all measurements currently available in the literature, confirming the validity of our measurements and hence of our simpler setup. Conclusions Force measurements, resolved spatially inside a cell, can be achieved using FRET-based tension sensors with a cost effective intensity-based setup. This will facilitate combining FRET with techniques for applying controlled forces such as optical tweezers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camille Dubois
- Université Paris-Saclay, Institut d’Optique Graduate School, CNRS, Laboratoire Charles Fabry, Palaiseau, France
| | - Ludivine Houel-Renault
- Université Paris-Saclay, Institut des Sciences Moléculaires d’Orsay, CNRS, Centre de Photonique pour la Biologie et les Matériaux, Orsay, France
| | - Marie Erard
- Université Paris-Saclay, Institut de Chimie Physique, CNRS, Orsay, France
| | - Nada N. Boustany
- Rutgers University, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Piscataway, New Jersey, United States
| | - Nathalie Westbrook
- Université Paris-Saclay, Institut d’Optique Graduate School, CNRS, Laboratoire Charles Fabry, Palaiseau, France
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6
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Zhang G, Yeomans JM. Active Forces in Confluent Cell Monolayers. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2023; 130:038202. [PMID: 36763395 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.130.038202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
We use a computational phase-field model together with analytical analysis to study how intercellular active forces can mediate individual cell morphology and collective motion in a confluent cell monolayer. We explore the regime where intercellular forces dominate the tissue dynamics, and polar forces are negligible. Contractile intercellular interactions lead to cell elongation, nematic ordering, and active turbulence characterized by motile topological defects. Extensile interactions result in frustration, and perpendicular cell orientations become more prevalent. Furthermore, we show that contractile behavior can change to extensile behavior if anisotropic fluctuations in cell shape are considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanming Zhang
- Department of Physics, The Rudolf Peierls Centre for Theoretical Physics, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PU, United Kingdom
| | - Julia M Yeomans
- Department of Physics, The Rudolf Peierls Centre for Theoretical Physics, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PU, United Kingdom
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7
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Legerstee K, Sueters J, Abraham TE, Slotman JA, Kremers GJ, Hoogenboom JP, Houtsmuller AB. Correlative light and electron microscopy reveals fork-shaped structures at actin entry sites of focal adhesions. Biol Open 2022; 11:283176. [PMID: 36409550 PMCID: PMC9836080 DOI: 10.1242/bio.059417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Focal adhesions (FAs) are the main cellular structures to link the intracellular cytoskeleton to the extracellular matrix. FAs mediate cell adhesion, are important for cell migration and are involved in many (patho)-physiological processes. Here we examined FAs and their associated actin fibres using correlative fluorescence and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). We used fluorescence images of cells expressing paxillin-GFP to define the boundaries of FA complexes in SEM images, without using SEM contrast enhancing stains. We observed that SEM contrast was increased around the actin fibre entry site in 98% of FAs, indicating increases in protein density and possibly also phosphorylation levels in this area. In nearly three quarters of the FAs, these nanostructures had a fork shape, with the actin forming the stem and the high-contrast FA areas the fork. In conclusion, the combination of fluorescent and electron microscopy allowed accurate localisation of a highly abundant, novel fork structure at the FA-actin interface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karin Legerstee
- Erasmus Medical Centre Rotterdam, Department of Pathology, Optical Imaging Centre, 3000 CA, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jason Sueters
- Delft University of Technology, Department of Imaging Physics, 2628 CD, Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Tsion E. Abraham
- Erasmus Medical Centre Rotterdam, Department of Pathology, Optical Imaging Centre, 3000 CA, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Johan A. Slotman
- Erasmus Medical Centre Rotterdam, Department of Pathology, Optical Imaging Centre, 3000 CA, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Gert-Jan Kremers
- Erasmus Medical Centre Rotterdam, Department of Pathology, Optical Imaging Centre, 3000 CA, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jacob P. Hoogenboom
- Delft University of Technology, Department of Imaging Physics, 2628 CD, Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Adriaan B. Houtsmuller
- Erasmus Medical Centre Rotterdam, Department of Pathology, Optical Imaging Centre, 3000 CA, Rotterdam, The Netherlands,Author for correspondence ()
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8
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Dystrophin missense mutations alter focal adhesion tension and mechanotransduction. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:e2205536119. [PMID: 35700360 PMCID: PMC9231619 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2205536119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Skeletal muscle is a mechanical organ that not only produces force but also uses mechanical stimuli as a signal to regulate cellular responses. Duchenne and Becker muscular dystrophy are lethal muscle wasting diseases that affect 1 in 3,500 boys and is caused by the absence or malfunction of dystrophin protein, respectively. There is a lack of understanding on how the integration of these mechanical signals is dysregulated in muscular dystrophy and how they may contribute to disease progression. In this study, we show that patient-relevant dystrophin mutations alter the mechanical signaling axis in muscle cells, leading to impaired migration. This work proposes dystrophin as a component of the cellular force-sensing machinery, furthering our knowledge in the pathomechanism of muscular dystrophy. Dystrophin is an essential muscle protein that contributes to cell membrane stability by mechanically linking the actin cytoskeleton to the extracellular matrix via an adhesion complex called the dystrophin–glycoprotein complex. The absence or impaired function of dystrophin causes muscular dystrophy. Focal adhesions (FAs) are also mechanosensitive adhesion complexes that connect the cytoskeleton to the extracellular matrix. However, the interplay between dystrophin and FA force transmission has not been investigated. Using a vinculin-based bioluminescent tension sensor, we measured FA tension in transgenic C2C12 myoblasts expressing wild-type (WT) dystrophin, a nonpathogenic single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) (I232M), or two missense mutations associated with Duchenne (L54R), or Becker muscular dystrophy (L172H). Our data revealed cross talk between dystrophin and FAs, as the expression of WT or I232M dystrophin increased FA tension compared to dystrophin-less nontransgenic myoblasts. In contrast, the expression of L54R or L172H did not increase FA tension, indicating that these disease-causing mutations compromise the mechanical function of dystrophin as an FA allosteric regulator. Decreased FA tension caused by these mutations manifests as defective migration, as well as decreased Yes-associated protein 1 (YAP) activation, possibly by the disruption of the ability of FAs to transmit forces between the extracellular matrix and cytoskeleton. Our results indicate that dystrophin influences FA tension and suggest that dystrophin disease-causing missense mutations may disrupt a cellular tension-sensing pathway in dystrophic skeletal muscle.
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9
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Mgharbel A, Migdal C, Bouchonville N, Dupenloup P, Fuard D, Lopez-Soler E, Tomba C, Courçon M, Gulino-Debrac D, Delanoë-Ayari H, Nicolas A. Cells on Hydrogels with Micron-Scaled Stiffness Patterns Demonstrate Local Stiffness Sensing. NANOMATERIALS 2022; 12:nano12040648. [PMID: 35214978 PMCID: PMC8880377 DOI: 10.3390/nano12040648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Revised: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Cell rigidity sensing-a basic cellular process allowing cells to adapt to mechanical cues-involves cell capabilities exerting force on the extracellular environment. In vivo, cells are exposed to multi-scaled heterogeneities in the mechanical properties of the surroundings. Here, we investigate whether cells are able to sense micron-scaled stiffness textures by measuring the forces they transmit to the extracellular matrix. To this end, we propose an efficient photochemistry of polyacrylamide hydrogels to design micron-scale stiffness patterns with kPa/µm gradients. Additionally, we propose an original protocol for the surface coating of adhesion proteins, which allows tuning the surface density from fully coupled to fully independent of the stiffness pattern. This evidences that cells pull on their surroundings by adjusting the level of stress to the micron-scaled stiffness. This conclusion was achieved through improvements in the traction force microscopy technique, e.g., adapting to substrates with a non-uniform stiffness and achieving a submicron resolution thanks to the implementation of a pyramidal optical flow algorithm. These developments provide tools for enhancing the current understanding of the contribution of stiffness alterations in many pathologies, including cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abbas Mgharbel
- University Grenoble Alps, CNRS, LTM, 38000 Grenoble, France; (A.M.); (C.M.); (N.B.); (P.D.); (D.F.); (E.L.-S.); (C.T.)
- University Grenoble Alps, CEA, CNRS, Inserm, BIG-BCI, 38000 Grenoble, France; (M.C.); (D.G.-D.)
| | - Camille Migdal
- University Grenoble Alps, CNRS, LTM, 38000 Grenoble, France; (A.M.); (C.M.); (N.B.); (P.D.); (D.F.); (E.L.-S.); (C.T.)
- University Grenoble Alps, CEA, CNRS, Inserm, BIG-BCI, 38000 Grenoble, France; (M.C.); (D.G.-D.)
| | - Nicolas Bouchonville
- University Grenoble Alps, CNRS, LTM, 38000 Grenoble, France; (A.M.); (C.M.); (N.B.); (P.D.); (D.F.); (E.L.-S.); (C.T.)
| | - Paul Dupenloup
- University Grenoble Alps, CNRS, LTM, 38000 Grenoble, France; (A.M.); (C.M.); (N.B.); (P.D.); (D.F.); (E.L.-S.); (C.T.)
| | - David Fuard
- University Grenoble Alps, CNRS, LTM, 38000 Grenoble, France; (A.M.); (C.M.); (N.B.); (P.D.); (D.F.); (E.L.-S.); (C.T.)
| | - Eline Lopez-Soler
- University Grenoble Alps, CNRS, LTM, 38000 Grenoble, France; (A.M.); (C.M.); (N.B.); (P.D.); (D.F.); (E.L.-S.); (C.T.)
- University Grenoble Alps, CEA, CNRS, Inserm, BIG-BCI, 38000 Grenoble, France; (M.C.); (D.G.-D.)
| | - Caterina Tomba
- University Grenoble Alps, CNRS, LTM, 38000 Grenoble, France; (A.M.); (C.M.); (N.B.); (P.D.); (D.F.); (E.L.-S.); (C.T.)
- University Grenoble Alps, CNRS, Grenoble INP, Institut Néel, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Marie Courçon
- University Grenoble Alps, CEA, CNRS, Inserm, BIG-BCI, 38000 Grenoble, France; (M.C.); (D.G.-D.)
| | - Danielle Gulino-Debrac
- University Grenoble Alps, CEA, CNRS, Inserm, BIG-BCI, 38000 Grenoble, France; (M.C.); (D.G.-D.)
| | - Héléne Delanoë-Ayari
- Université de Lyon, University Claude Bernard Lyon1, CNRS, Institut Lumière Matière, 69622 Villeurbanne, France;
| | - Alice Nicolas
- University Grenoble Alps, CNRS, LTM, 38000 Grenoble, France; (A.M.); (C.M.); (N.B.); (P.D.); (D.F.); (E.L.-S.); (C.T.)
- Correspondence:
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10
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Zhang P, Zhou X, Wang R, Jiang J, Wan Z, Wang S. Label-Free Imaging of Nanoscale Displacements and Free-Energy Profiles of Focal Adhesions with Plasmonic Scattering Microscopy. ACS Sens 2021; 6:4244-4254. [PMID: 34711049 PMCID: PMC8638434 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.1c01938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Cell adhesion plays a critical role in cell communication, cell migration, cell proliferation, and integration of medical implants with tissues. Focal adhesions physically link the cell cytoskeleton to the extracellular matrix, but it remains challenging to image single focal adhesions directly. Here, we show that plasmonic scattering microscopy (PSM) can directly image the single focal adhesions in a label-free, real-time, and non-invasive manner with sub-micrometer spatial resolution. PSM is developed based on surface plasmon resonance (SPR) microscopy, and the evanescent illumination makes it immune to the interference of intracellular structures. Unlike the conventional SPR microscopy, PSM can provide a high signal-to-noise ratio and sub-micrometer spatial resolution for imaging the analytes with size down to a single-molecule level, thus allowing both the super-resolution lateral localization for measuring the nanoscale displacement and precise tracking of vertical distances between the analyte centroid and the sensor surface for analysis of free-energy profiles. PSM imaging of the RBL-2H3 cell with temporal resolution down to microseconds shows that the focal adhesions have random diffusion behaviors in addition to their directional movements during the antibody-mediated activation process. The free-energy mapping also shows a similar movement tendency, indicating that the cell may change its morphology upon varying the binding conditions of adhesive structures. PSM provides insights into the individual focal adhesion activities and can also serve as a promising tool for investigating the cell/surface interactions, such as cell capture and detection and tissue adhesive materials screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengfei Zhang
- Biodesign Center for Bioelectronics and Biosensors, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287, USA
| | - Xinyu Zhou
- Biodesign Center for Bioelectronics and Biosensors, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287, USA
- School of Biological and Health Systems Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287, USA
| | - Rui Wang
- Biodesign Center for Bioelectronics and Biosensors, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287, USA
| | - Jiapei Jiang
- Biodesign Center for Bioelectronics and Biosensors, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287, USA
- School of Biological and Health Systems Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287, USA
| | - Zijian Wan
- Biodesign Center for Bioelectronics and Biosensors, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287, USA
- School of Electrical, Energy and Computer Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287, USA
| | - Shaopeng Wang
- Biodesign Center for Bioelectronics and Biosensors, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287, USA
- School of Biological and Health Systems Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287, USA
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11
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Dissecting the Inorganic Nanoparticle-Driven Interferences on Adhesome Dynamics. JOURNAL OF NANOTHERANOSTICS 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/jnt2030011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Inorganic nanoparticles have emerged as an attractive theranostic tool applied to different pathologies such as cancer. However, the increment in inorganic nanoparticle application in biomedicine has prompted the scientific community to assess their potential toxicities, often preventing them from entering clinical settings. Cytoskeleton network and the related adhesomes nest are present in most cellular processes such as proliferation, migration, and cell death. The nanoparticle treatment can interfere with the cytoskeleton and adhesome dynamics, thus inflicting cellular damage. Therefore, it is crucial dissecting the molecular mechanisms involved in nanoparticle cytotoxicity. This review will briefly address the main characteristics of different adhesion structures and focus on the most relevant effects of inorganic nanoparticles with biomedical potential on cellular adhesome dynamics. Besides, the review put into perspective the use of inorganic nanoparticles for cytoskeleton targeting or study as a versatile tool. The dissection of the molecular mechanisms involved in the nanoparticle-driven interference of adhesome dynamics will facilitate the future development of nanotheranostics targeting cytoskeleton and adhesomes to tackle several diseases, such as cancer.
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12
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Sonam S, Vigouroux C, Jégou A, Romet-Lemonne G, Clainche CL, Ladoux B, Mège RM. Direct measurement of near-nanoNewton forces developed by self-organizing actomyosin fibres bound α-catenin. Biol Cell 2021; 113:441-449. [PMID: 34287982 DOI: 10.1111/boc.202100014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Revised: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Actin cytoskeleton contractility plays a critical role in morphogenetic processes by generating forces that are then transmitted to cell-cell and cell-ECM adhesion complexes. In turn, mechanical properties of the environment are sensed and transmitted to the cytoskeleton at cell adhesion sites, influencing cellular processes such as cell migration, differentiation and survival. Anchoring of the actomyosin cytoskeleton to adhesion sites is mediated by adaptor proteins such as talin or α-catenin that link F-actin to transmembrane cell adhesion receptors, thereby allowing mechanical coupling between the intracellular and extracellular compartments. Thus, a key issue is to be able to measure the forces generated by actomyosin and transmitted to the adhesion complexes. Approaches developed in cells and those probing single molecule mechanical properties of α-catenin molecules allowed to identify α-catenin, an F-actin binding protein which binds to the cadherin complexes as a major player in cadherin-based mechanotransduction. However, it is still very difficult to bridge intercellular forces measured at cellular levels and those measured at the single-molecule level. Here, we applied an intermediate approach allowing reconstruction of the actomyosin-α-catenin complex in acellular conditions to probe directly the transmitted forces. For this, we combined micropatterning of purified α-catenin and spontaneous actomyosin network assembly in the presence of G-actin and Myosin II with microforce sensor arrays used so far to measure cell-generated forces. Using this method, we show that self-organizing actomyosin bundles bound to micrometric α-catenin patches can apply near-nanoNewton forces, paving the way for future studies on molecular/cellular mechanotarnsduction and mechanosensing. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Surabhi Sonam
- Université de Paris, CNRS, Institut Jacques Monod, Paris, France
| | - Clémence Vigouroux
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), Gif-sur-Yvette, 91198, France
| | - Antoine Jégou
- Université de Paris, CNRS, Institut Jacques Monod, Paris, France
| | | | - Christophe Le Clainche
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), Gif-sur-Yvette, 91198, France
| | - Benoit Ladoux
- Université de Paris, CNRS, Institut Jacques Monod, Paris, France
| | - René Marc Mège
- Université de Paris, CNRS, Institut Jacques Monod, Paris, France
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13
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Mishra YG, Manavathi B. Focal adhesion dynamics in cellular function and disease. Cell Signal 2021; 85:110046. [PMID: 34004332 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2021.110046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Acting as a bridge between the cytoskeleton of the cell and the extra cellular matrix (ECM), the cell-ECM adhesions with integrins at their core, play a major role in cell signalling to direct mechanotransduction, cell migration, cell cycle progression, proliferation, differentiation, growth and repair. Biochemically, these adhesions are composed of diverse, yet an organised group of structural proteins, receptors, adaptors, various enzymes including protein kinases, phosphatases, GTPases, proteases, etc. as well as scaffolding molecules. The major integrin adhesion complexes (IACs) characterised are focal adhesions (FAs), invadosomes (podosomes and invadopodia), hemidesmosomes (HDs) and reticular adhesions (RAs). The varied composition and regulation of the IACs and their signalling, apart from being an integral part of normal cell survival, has been shown to be of paramount importance in various developmental and pathological processes. This review per-illustrates the recent advancements in the research of IACs, their crucial roles in normal as well as diseased states. We have also touched on few of the various methods that have been developed over the years to visualise IACs, measure the forces they exert and study their signalling and molecular composition. Having such pertinent roles in the context of various pathologies, these IACs need to be understood and studied to develop therapeutical targets. We have given an update to the studies done in recent years and described various techniques which have been applied to study these structures, thereby, providing context in furthering research with respect to IAC targeted therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasaswi Gayatri Mishra
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad 500046, India
| | - Bramanandam Manavathi
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad 500046, India.
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14
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Déjardin T, Carollo PS, Sipieter F, Davidson PM, Seiler C, Cuvelier D, Cadot B, Sykes C, Gomes ER, Borghi N. Nesprins are mechanotransducers that discriminate epithelial-mesenchymal transition programs. J Cell Biol 2021; 219:152020. [PMID: 32790861 PMCID: PMC7659719 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201908036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2019] [Revised: 04/23/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
LINC complexes are transmembrane protein assemblies that physically connect the nucleoskeleton and cytoskeleton through the nuclear envelope. Dysfunctions of LINC complexes are associated with pathologies such as cancer and muscular disorders. The mechanical roles of LINC complexes are poorly understood. To address this, we used genetically encoded FRET biosensors of molecular tension in a nesprin protein of the LINC complex of fibroblastic and epithelial cells in culture. We exposed cells to mechanical, genetic, and pharmacological perturbations, mimicking a range of physiological and pathological situations. We show that nesprin experiences tension generated by the cytoskeleton and acts as a mechanical sensor of cell packing. Moreover, nesprin discriminates between inductions of partial and complete epithelial–mesenchymal transitions. We identify the implicated mechanisms, which involve α-catenin capture at the nuclear envelope by nesprin upon its relaxation, thereby regulating β-catenin transcription. Our data thus implicate LINC complex proteins as mechanotransducers that fine-tune β-catenin signaling in a manner dependent on the epithelial–mesenchymal transition program.
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Affiliation(s)
- Théophile Déjardin
- Université de Paris, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut Jacques Monod, Paris, France
| | - Pietro Salvatore Carollo
- Université de Paris, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut Jacques Monod, Paris, France
| | - François Sipieter
- Université de Paris, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut Jacques Monod, Paris, France
| | - Patricia M Davidson
- Laboratoire Physico-Chimie Curie, Institut Curie, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique Unité Mixte de Recherche 168, Sorbonne Universités, Université Paris Sciences et Lettres, Paris, France
| | - Cynthia Seiler
- Université de Paris, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut Jacques Monod, Paris, France
| | - Damien Cuvelier
- Institut Curie and Institut Pierre Gilles de Gennes, Université Paris Sciences et Lettres, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique Unité Mixte de Rercherche 144, Paris, France
| | - Bruno Cadot
- Center for Research in Myology, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale Unité Mixte de Recherche 974, Sorbonne Universités, Paris, France
| | - Cecile Sykes
- Laboratoire Physico-Chimie Curie, Institut Curie, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique Unité Mixte de Recherche 168, Sorbonne Universités, Université Paris Sciences et Lettres, Paris, France
| | - Edgar R Gomes
- Center for Research in Myology, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale Unité Mixte de Recherche 974, Sorbonne Universités, Paris, France.,Instituto de Medecina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal.,Instituto de Histologia e Biologia do Desenvolvimento, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Nicolas Borghi
- Université de Paris, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut Jacques Monod, Paris, France
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15
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Fischer LS, Rangarajan S, Sadhanasatish T, Grashoff C. Molecular Force Measurement with Tension Sensors. Annu Rev Biophys 2021; 50:595-616. [PMID: 33710908 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-biophys-101920-064756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The ability of cells to generate mechanical forces, but also to sense, adapt to, and respond to mechanical signals, is crucial for many developmental, postnatal homeostatic, and pathophysiological processes. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying cellular mechanotransduction have remained elusive for many decades, as techniques to visualize and quantify molecular forces across individual proteins in cells were missing. The development of genetically encoded molecular tension sensors now allows the quantification of piconewton-scale forces that act upon distinct molecules in living cells and even whole organisms. In this review, we discuss the physical principles, advantages, and limitations of this increasingly popular method. By highlighting current examples from the literature, we demonstrate how molecular tension sensors can be utilized to obtain access to previously unappreciated biophysical parameters that define the propagation of mechanical forces on molecular scales. We discuss how the methodology can be further developed and provide a perspective on how the technique could be applied to uncover entirely novel aspects of mechanobiology in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa S Fischer
- Department of Quantitative Cell Biology, Institute of Molecular Cell Biology, University of Münster, Münster D-48149, Germany;
| | - Srishti Rangarajan
- Department of Quantitative Cell Biology, Institute of Molecular Cell Biology, University of Münster, Münster D-48149, Germany;
| | - Tanmay Sadhanasatish
- Department of Quantitative Cell Biology, Institute of Molecular Cell Biology, University of Münster, Münster D-48149, Germany;
| | - Carsten Grashoff
- Department of Quantitative Cell Biology, Institute of Molecular Cell Biology, University of Münster, Münster D-48149, Germany;
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16
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Le AP, Rupprecht JF, Mège RM, Toyama Y, Lim CT, Ladoux B. Adhesion-mediated heterogeneous actin organization governs apoptotic cell extrusion. Nat Commun 2021; 12:397. [PMID: 33452264 PMCID: PMC7810754 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-20563-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2019] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Apoptotic extrusion is crucial in maintaining epithelial homeostasis. Current literature supports that epithelia respond to extrusion by forming a supracellular actomyosin purse-string in the neighbors. However, whether other actin structures could contribute to extrusion and how forces generated by these structures can be integrated are unknown. Here, we found that during extrusion, a heterogeneous actin network composed of lamellipodia protrusions and discontinuous actomyosin cables, was reorganized in the neighboring cells. The early presence of basal lamellipodia protrusion participated in both basal sealing of the extrusion site and orienting the actomyosin purse-string. The co-existence of these two mechanisms is determined by the interplay between the cell-cell and cell-substrate adhesions. A theoretical model integrates these cellular mechanosensitive components to explain why a dual-mode mechanism, which combines lamellipodia protrusion and purse-string contractility, leads to more efficient extrusion than a single-mode mechanism. In this work, we provide mechanistic insight into extrusion, an essential epithelial homeostasis process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anh Phuong Le
- Mechanobiology Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- National University of Singapore Graduate School of Integrative Sciences and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jean-François Rupprecht
- Aix-Marseille Université, Université de Toulon, CNRS, CPT, Turing Centre for Living Systems, Marseille, France.
| | - René-Marc Mège
- Université de Paris, CNRS, Institut Jacques Monod (IJM), Paris, France
| | - Yusuke Toyama
- Mechanobiology Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Chwee Teck Lim
- Mechanobiology Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
- National University of Singapore Graduate School of Integrative Sciences and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
| | - Benoît Ladoux
- Université de Paris, CNRS, Institut Jacques Monod (IJM), Paris, France.
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17
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Park CE, Cho Y, Cho I, Jung H, Kim B, Shin JH, Choi S, Kwon SK, Hahn YK, Chang JB. Super-Resolution Three-Dimensional Imaging of Actin Filaments in Cultured Cells and the Brain via Expansion Microscopy. ACS NANO 2020; 14:14999-15010. [PMID: 33095573 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.0c04915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Actin is an essential protein in almost all life forms. It mediates diverse biological functions, ranging from controlling the shape of cells and cell movements to cargo transport and the formation of synaptic connections. Multiple diseases are closely related to the dysfunction of actin or actin-related proteins. Despite the biological importance of actin, super-resolution imaging of it in tissue is still challenging, as it forms very dense networks in almost all cells inside the tissue. In this work, we demonstrate multiplexed super-resolution volumetric imaging of actin in both cultured cells and mouse brain slices via expansion microscopy (ExM). By introducing a simple labeling process, which enables the anchoring of an actin probe, phalloidin, to a swellable hydrogel, the multiplexed ExM imaging of actin filaments was achieved. We first showed that this technique could visualize the nanoscale details of actin filament organizations in cultured cells. Then, we applied this technique to mouse brain slices and visualized diverse actin organizations, such as the parallel actin filaments along the long axis of dendrites and dense actin structures in postsynaptic spines. We examined the postsynaptic spines in the mouse brain and showed that the organizations of actin filaments are highly diverse. This technique, which enables the high-throughput 60 nm resolution imaging of actin filaments and other proteins in cultured cells and thick tissue slices, would be a useful tool to study the organization of actin filaments in diverse biological circumstances and how they change under pathological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chan E Park
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34141, Korea
| | - Youngbin Cho
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34141, Korea
| | - In Cho
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34141, Korea
| | - Hyunsu Jung
- Division of Life Sciences, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea
- Center for Functional Connectomics, Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, Korea
| | - Byeongyeon Kim
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Korea
| | - Jennifer H Shin
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34141, Korea
| | - Sungyoung Choi
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Korea
| | - Seok-Kyu Kwon
- Center for Functional Connectomics, Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, Korea
- Division of Bio-Medical Science & Technology, KIST School, Korea University of Science and Technology (UST), Seoul 02792, Korea
| | - Young Ki Hahn
- Biomedical Convergence Science & Technology, Industrial Technology Advances, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea
| | - Jae-Byum Chang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34141, Korea
- KI for Health Science and Technology, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34141, Korea
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18
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Xu Q, Ying P, Ren J, Kong N, Wang Y, Li YG, Yao Y, Kaplan DL, Ling S. Biomimetic Design for Bio-Matrix Interfaces and Regenerative Organs. TISSUE ENGINEERING PART B-REVIEWS 2020; 27:411-429. [PMID: 33138695 DOI: 10.1089/ten.teb.2020.0234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The urgent demand for transplanted organs has motivated the development of regenerative medicine to biomimetically reconstruct the structure and function of natural tissues or organs. The prerequisites for constructing multicellular organs include specific cell sources, suitable scaffolding material, and interconnective biofunctional interfaces. As some of the most complex systems in nature, human organs, tissues, and cellular units have unique "bio-matrix" physicochemical interfaces. Human tissues support a large number of cells with distinct biofunctional interfaces for compartmentalization related to metabolism, material exchange, and physical barriers. These naturally shaped biofunctional interfaces support critical metabolic functions that drive adaptive human behavior. In contrast, mutations and disorders during organogenesis can disrupt these interfaces as a consequence of disease and trauma. To replicate the appropriate structure and physiological function of tissues and organs, the biomaterials used in these approaches should have properties that mimic those of natural biofunctional interfaces. In this review, the focus is on the biomimetic design of functional interfaces and hierarchical structures for four regenerative organs, liver, kidney, lung, heart, and the immune system. Research on these organs provides understanding of cell-matrix interactions for hierarchically bioinspired material engineering, and guidance for the design of bioartificial organs. Finally, we provide perspectives on future challenges in biofunctional interface designs and discuss the obstacles that remain toward the generation of functional bioartificial organs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quanfu Xu
- Department of Cardiology, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Pei Ying
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jing Ren
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China
| | - Na Kong
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yang Wang
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi-Gang Li
- Department of Cardiology, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuan Yao
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China
| | - David L Kaplan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Shengjie Ling
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China
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19
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Zhang G, Mueller R, Doostmohammadi A, Yeomans JM. Active inter-cellular forces in collective cell motility. J R Soc Interface 2020; 17:20200312. [PMID: 32781933 DOI: 10.1098/rsif.2020.0312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The collective behaviour of confluent cell sheets is strongly influenced both by polar forces, arising through cytoskeletal propulsion, and by active inter-cellular forces, which are mediated by interactions across cell-cell junctions. We use a phase-field model to explore the interplay between these two contributions and compare the dynamics of a cell sheet when the polarity of the cells aligns to (i) their main axis of elongation, (ii) their velocity and (iii) when the polarity direction executes a persistent random walk. In all three cases, we observe a sharp transition from a jammed state (where cell rearrangements are strongly suppressed) to a liquid state (where the cells can move freely relative to each other) when either the polar or the inter-cellular forces are increased. In addition, for case (ii) only, we observe an additional dynamical state, flocking (solid or liquid), where the majority of the cells move in the same direction. The flocking state is seen for strong polar forces, but is destroyed as the strength of the inter-cellular activity is increased.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanming Zhang
- The Rudolf Peierls Centre for Theoretical Physics, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PU, UK
| | - Romain Mueller
- The Rudolf Peierls Centre for Theoretical Physics, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PU, UK
| | - Amin Doostmohammadi
- The Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 17, 2100 Copenhagen, DK
| | - Julia M Yeomans
- The Rudolf Peierls Centre for Theoretical Physics, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PU, UK
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20
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Physical understanding of axonal growth patterns on grooved substrates: groove ridge crossing versus longitudinal alignment. Biodes Manuf 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s42242-020-00089-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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21
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Dai J, Gong J, Kong N, Yao Y. Cellular architecture response to aspect ratio tunable nanoarrays. NANOSCALE 2020; 12:12395-12404. [PMID: 32490496 DOI: 10.1039/d0nr01003k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Nanoarrays have been emerging as popular nanostructure platforms to investigate both cell behaviors and biological functions, due to the cell architecture respondence to the biointerface of nanostructures. Herein, we developed a series of aspect ratio tunable nanoarrays through a metal-assisted chemical etching method. Nanoarrays including nanoneedles, nanopillars, and nanoclusters were fabricated with a controllable aspect ratio. We found that nanostructures with a high aspect ratio (>10) induced significant alterations of cell physiological behaviors such as surface attachment, architecture deformation, viability, proliferation and motility. The cells on nanostructures with a high aspect ratio exhibited reorganized actin stress fibers and vimentin filaments, as well as reduced focal adhesion. This research enlarges the diversity of nanostructures on nano-bio interface investigation, provides a new insight for the surface-dependent architecture of cells, and offers unbiased understanding of factors influencing cell physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Dai
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, 393 Middle Huaxia Road, Pudong, Shanghai 201210, China.
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22
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Obenaus AM, Mollica MY, Sniadecki NJ. (De)form and Function: Measuring Cellular Forces with Deformable Materials and Deformable Structures. Adv Healthc Mater 2020; 9:e1901454. [PMID: 31951099 PMCID: PMC7274881 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201901454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2019] [Revised: 12/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The ability for biological cells to produce mechanical forces is important for the development, function, and homeostasis of tissue. The measurement of cellular forces is not a straightforward task because individual cells are microscopic in size and the forces they produce are at the nanonewton scale. Consequently, studies in cell mechanics rely on advanced biomaterials or flexible structures that permit one to infer these forces by the deformation they impart on the material or structure. Herein, the scientific progression on the use of deformable materials and deformable structures to measure cellular forces are reviewed. The findings and insights made possible with these approaches in the field of cell mechanics are summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ava M Obenaus
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Molly Y Mollica
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Nathan J Sniadecki
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
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23
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Wang T, Nanda SS, Papaefthymiou GC, Yi DK. Mechanophysical Cues in Extracellular Matrix Regulation of Cell Behavior. Chembiochem 2020; 21:1254-1264. [DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201900686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tuntun Wang
- Department of ChemistryMyongji University Yongin 449-728 Republic of Korea
| | | | | | - Dong Kee Yi
- Department of ChemistryMyongji University Yongin 449-728 Republic of Korea
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24
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Balcioglu HE, Balasubramaniam L, Stirbat TV, Doss BL, Fardin MA, Mège RM, Ladoux B. A subtle relationship between substrate stiffness and collective migration of cell clusters. SOFT MATTER 2020; 16:1825-1839. [PMID: 31970382 DOI: 10.1039/c9sm01893j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
The physical cues from the extracellular environment mediates cell signaling spatially and temporally. Cells respond to physical cues from their environment in a non-monotonic fashion. Despite our understanding of the role of substrate rigidity on single cell migration, how cells respond collectively to increasing extracellular matrix stiffness is not well established. Here we patterned multicellular epithelial Madin-Darby canine kidney (MDCK) islands on polyacrylamide gels of varying stiffness and studied their expansion. Our findings show that the MDCK islands expanded faster with increasing stiffness only up to an optimum stiffness, over which the expansion plateaued. We then focused on the expansion of the front of the assemblies and the formation of leader cells. We observed cell front destabilization only above substrate stiffness of a few kPa. The extension of multicellular finger-like structures at the edges of the colonies for intermediate and high stiffnesses from 6 to 60 kPa responded to higher substrate stiffness by increasing focal adhesion areas and actin cable assembly. Additionally, the number of leader cells at the finger-like protrusions increased with stiffness in correlation with an increase of the area of these multicellular protrusions. Consequently, the force profile along the epithelial fingers in the parallel and transverse directions of migration showed an unexpected relationship leading to a global force decrease with the increase of stiffness. Taken together, our findings show that epithelial cell colonies respond to substrate stiffness but in a non-trivial manner that may be of importance to understand morphogenesis and collective cell invasion during tumour progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hayri E Balcioglu
- Mechanobiology Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117411, Singapore
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25
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Aird EJ, Tompkins KJ, Ramirez MP, Gordon WR. Enhanced Molecular Tension Sensor Based on Bioluminescence Resonance Energy Transfer (BRET). ACS Sens 2020; 5:34-39. [PMID: 31872754 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.9b00796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Molecular tension sensors measure piconewton forces experienced by individual proteins in the context of the cellular microenvironment. Current genetically encoded tension sensors use FRET to report on extension of a deformable peptide encoded in a cellular protein of interest. Here, we present the development and characterization of a new type of molecular tension sensor based on bioluminescence resonance energy transfer (BRET), which exhibits more desirable spectral properties and an enhanced dynamic range compared to other molecular tension sensors. Moreover, it avoids many disadvantages of FRET measurements in cells, including autofluorescence, photobleaching, and corrections of direct acceptor excitation. We benchmark the sensor by inserting it into the canonical mechanosensing focal adhesion protein vinculin, observing highly resolved gradients of tensional changes across focal adhesions. We anticipate that the BRET tension sensor will expand the toolkit available to study mechanotransduction at a molecular level and allow potential extension to an in vivo context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric J. Aird
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Kassidy J. Tompkins
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Maria Paz Ramirez
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Wendy R. Gordon
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
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Li X, Feng H, Li Z, Shi Y, Tian J, Zhao C, Yu M, Liu Z, Li H, Shi B, Wang Q, Li L, Wang D, Zhu L, Liu R, Li Z. High-Throughput Identification and Screening of Single Microbial Cells by Nanobowl Array. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:44933-44940. [PMID: 31675212 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b08662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
High-throughput screening and fast identification of single bacterial cells are crucial for clinical diagnosis, bioengineering, and fermentation engineering. Although single-cell technologies have been developed extensively in recent years, the single-cell technologies for bacteria still need further exploration. In this study, we demonstrate an identification and screening technology for single bacterial cells based on a large-scale nanobowl array, which is well-ordered and size-adjustable for use with different kinds of bacteria. When the culture medium with monodispersed bacteria was placed on the nanobowl array, it successfully enabled loading of single bacterium into a single nanobowl. Because of the limitative size and depth of the nanobowls, mixture of different bacteria species could be screened according to their sizes. In addition, with the help of a low electrical current, the bacteria can be further screened according to their intrinsic surface charges. If combined with micromanipulation technology, high-throughput single bacterial selection can be achieved in future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuyan Li
- Beijing Institute of Graphic Communication , Beijing 102600 , P. R. China
| | - Hongqing Feng
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Beijing Key Laboratory of Micro-nano Energy and Sensor , Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100083 , P. R. China
- School of Nanoscience and Technology , University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , P. R. China
| | - Zhe Li
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Beijing Key Laboratory of Micro-nano Energy and Sensor , Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100083 , P. R. China
- School of Nanoscience and Technology , University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , P. R. China
| | - Yue Shi
- Beijing Institute of Graphic Communication , Beijing 102600 , P. R. China
| | - Jingjing Tian
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Beijing Key Laboratory of Micro-nano Energy and Sensor , Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100083 , P. R. China
- School of Nanoscience and Technology , University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , P. R. China
| | - Chaochao Zhao
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Beijing Key Laboratory of Micro-nano Energy and Sensor , Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100083 , P. R. China
- School of Nanoscience and Technology , University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , P. R. China
| | - Min Yu
- School of Stomatology and Medicine , Foshan University , Foshan 528000 , P. R. China
| | - Zhuo Liu
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Beijing Key Laboratory of Micro-nano Energy and Sensor , Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100083 , P. R. China
| | - Hu Li
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Beijing Key Laboratory of Micro-nano Energy and Sensor , Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100083 , P. R. China
| | - Bojing Shi
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Beijing Key Laboratory of Micro-nano Energy and Sensor , Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100083 , P. R. China
| | - Qian Wang
- Beijing Institute of Graphic Communication , Beijing 102600 , P. R. China
| | - Luhai Li
- Beijing Institute of Graphic Communication , Beijing 102600 , P. R. China
| | - Dongshu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity , Beijing Institute of Biotechnology , Beijing 100071 , P. R. China
| | - Li Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity , Beijing Institute of Biotechnology , Beijing 100071 , P. R. China
| | - Ruping Liu
- Beijing Institute of Graphic Communication , Beijing 102600 , P. R. China
| | - Zhou Li
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Beijing Key Laboratory of Micro-nano Energy and Sensor , Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100083 , P. R. China
- School of Nanoscience and Technology , University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , P. R. China
- Center on Nanoenergy Research, School of Physical Science and Technology , Guangxi University , Nanning 530004 , P. R. China
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27
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Bauer TJ, Gombocz E, Krüger M, Sahana J, Corydon TJ, Bauer J, Infanger M, Grimm D. Augmenting cancer cell proteomics with cellular images - A semantic approach to understand focal adhesion. J Biomed Inform 2019; 100:103320. [PMID: 31669288 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbi.2019.103320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2019] [Revised: 09/23/2019] [Accepted: 10/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
If monolayers of cancer cells are exposed to microgravity, some of the cells cease adhering to the bottom of a culture flask and join three-dimensional aggregates floating in the culture medium. Searching reasons for this change in phenotype, we performed proteome analyses and learnt that accumulation and posttranslational modification of proteins involved in cell-matrix and cell-cell adhesion are affected. To further investigate these proteins, we developed a methodology to find histological images about focal adhesion complex (FA) proteins. Selecting proteins expressed by human FTC-133 and MCF-7 cancer cells and known to be incorporated in FA, we transformed the experimental data to RDF to establish a core semantic knowledgebase. Applying iterative SPARQL queries to Linked Open Databases, we augmented these data with additional functional, transformation- and aggregation-related relationships. Using reasoning, we retrieved publications with images about the spatial arrangement of proteins incorporated in FA. Contextualizing those images enabled us to gain insights about FA of cells changing their site of growth, and to independently validate our experimental results. This new way to link experimental proteome data to biomedical knowledge from various sources via searching images may generally be applied in science when images are a tool of knowledge dissemination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas J Bauer
- Clinic for Plastic, Aesthetic and Hand Surgery, Otto-von-Guericke-University Magdeburg, D-39120 Magdeburg, Germany.
| | - Erich Gombocz
- Melissa Informatics, 2550 Ninth Street, Suite 114, Berkeley, CA, USA.
| | - Marcus Krüger
- Clinic for Plastic, Aesthetic and Hand Surgery, Otto-von-Guericke-University Magdeburg, D-39120 Magdeburg, Germany.
| | - Jayashree Sahana
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Hoeg-Guldbergsgade 10, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark.
| | - Thomas J Corydon
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Hoeg-Guldbergsgade 10, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark; Department of Ophthalmology, Aarhus University Hospital, Palle Juul-Jensens Boulevard 99, DK-8200 Aarhus N, Denmark.
| | - Johann Bauer
- Max-Planck Institute of Biochemistry, D-82152 Martinsried, Germany.
| | - Manfred Infanger
- Clinic for Plastic, Aesthetic and Hand Surgery, Otto-von-Guericke-University Magdeburg, D-39120 Magdeburg, Germany.
| | - Daniela Grimm
- Clinic for Plastic, Aesthetic and Hand Surgery, Otto-von-Guericke-University Magdeburg, D-39120 Magdeburg, Germany; Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Hoeg-Guldbergsgade 10, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark; Gravitational Biology and Translational Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Mechanical Engineering, Otto-von-Guericke-University-Magdeburg, D-39120 Magdeburg, Germany.
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28
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Ham TR, Collins KL, Hoffman BD. Molecular Tension Sensors: Moving Beyond Force. CURRENT OPINION IN BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING 2019; 12:83-94. [PMID: 32864525 DOI: 10.1016/j.cobme.2019.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Nearly all cellular processes are sensitive to mechanical inputs, and this plays a major role in diverse physiological processes. Mechanical stimuli are thought to be primarily detected through force-induced changes in protein structure. Approximately a decade ago, molecular tension sensors were created to measure forces across proteins within cells. Since then, an impressive assortment of sensors has been created and provided key insights into mechanotransduction, but comparisons of measurements between various sensors are challenging. In this review, we discuss the different types of molecular tension sensors, provide a system of classification based on their molecular-scale mechanical properties, and highlight how new applications of these sensors are enabling measurements beyond the magnitude of tensile load. We suggest that an expanded understanding of the functionality of these sensors, as well as integration with other techniques, will lead to consensus amongst measurements as well as critical insights into the underlying mechanisms of mechanotransduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trevor R Ham
- Duke University, Room 1379 CIEMAS, 101 Science Drive, 27710, United States
| | - Kasie L Collins
- Duke University, Room 1379 CIEMAS, 101 Science Drive, 27710, United States
| | - Brenton D Hoffman
- Duke University, Room 1379 CIEMAS, 101 Science Drive, 27710, United States
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29
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Lendenmann T, Schneider T, Dumas J, Tarini M, Giampietro C, Bajpai A, Chen W, Gerber J, Poulikakos D, Ferrari A, Panozzo D. Cellogram: On-the-Fly Traction Force Microscopy. NANO LETTERS 2019; 19:6742-6750. [PMID: 31538794 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.9b01505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Traction force microscopy (TFM) derives maps of cell-generated forces, typically in the nanonewton range, transmitted to the extracellular environment upon actuation of complex biological processes. In traditional approaches, force rendering requires a terminal, time-consuming step of cell deadhesion to obtain a reference image. A conceptually opposite approach is provided by reference-free methods, opening to the on-the-fly generation of force maps from an ongoing experiment. This requires an image processing algorithm keeping the pace of the biological phenomena under investigation. Here, we introduce an integrated software pipeline rendering force maps from single reference-free TFM images seconds to minutes after their acquisition. The algorithm tackles image processing, reference image estimation, and finite element analysis as a single problem, yielding a robust and fully automatic solution. The method's capabilities are demonstrated in two applications. First, the mechanical annihilation of cancer cells is monitored as a function of rising environmental temperature, setting a population threshold at 45 °C. Second, the fast temporal correlation of forces produced across individual cells is used to map physically connected adhesion points, yielding typical lengths that vary as a function of the cell cycle phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Lendenmann
- Laboratory of Thermodynamics in Emerging Technologies and #Institute for Mechanical Systems , ETH Zurich , Zurich 8092 , Switzerland
- Courant Institute of Mathematical Sciences , New York University , New York 10003 , United States
| | - Teseo Schneider
- Courant Institute of Mathematical Sciences , New York University , New York 10003 , United States
| | - Jérémie Dumas
- Courant Institute of Mathematical Sciences , New York University , New York 10003 , United States
- nTopology , New York 10013 , United States
| | - Marco Tarini
- Department of Computer Science , Università degli Studi di Milano , Milano 20133 , Italy
| | - Costanza Giampietro
- Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology , EMPA , Dübendorf 8600 , Switzerland
| | - Apratim Bajpai
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering , New York University , New York 11201 , United States
| | - Weiqiang Chen
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering , New York University , New York 11201 , United States
| | - Julia Gerber
- Laboratory of Thermodynamics in Emerging Technologies and #Institute for Mechanical Systems , ETH Zurich , Zurich 8092 , Switzerland
| | - Dimos Poulikakos
- Laboratory of Thermodynamics in Emerging Technologies and #Institute for Mechanical Systems , ETH Zurich , Zurich 8092 , Switzerland
| | - Aldo Ferrari
- Laboratory of Thermodynamics in Emerging Technologies and #Institute for Mechanical Systems , ETH Zurich , Zurich 8092 , Switzerland
- Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology , EMPA , Dübendorf 8600 , Switzerland
| | - Daniele Panozzo
- Courant Institute of Mathematical Sciences , New York University , New York 10003 , United States
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30
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Orré T, Rossier O, Giannone G. The inner life of integrin adhesion sites: From single molecules to functional macromolecular complexes. Exp Cell Res 2019; 379:235-244. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2019.03.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2018] [Revised: 03/07/2019] [Accepted: 03/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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31
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Spatarelu CP, Zhang H, Trung Nguyen D, Han X, Liu R, Guo Q, Notbohm J, Fan J, Liu L, Chen Z. Biomechanics of Collective Cell Migration in Cancer Progression: Experimental and Computational Methods. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2019; 5:3766-3787. [PMID: 32953985 PMCID: PMC7500334 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.8b01428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Cell migration is essential for regulating many biological processes in physiological or pathological conditions, including embryonic development and cancer invasion. In vitro and in silico studies suggest that collective cell migration is associated with some biomechanical particularities such as restructuring of extracellular matrix (ECM), stress and force distribution profiles, and reorganization of the cytoskeleton. Therefore, the phenomenon could be understood by an in-depth study of cells' behavior determinants, including but not limited to mechanical cues from the environment and from fellow "travelers". This review article aims to cover the recent development of experimental and computational methods for studying the biomechanics of collective cell migration during cancer progression and invasion. We also summarized the tested hypotheses regarding the mechanism underlying collective cell migration enabled by these methods. Together, the paper enables a broad overview on the methods and tools currently available to unravel the biophysical mechanisms pertinent to cell collective migration as well as providing perspectives on future development toward eventually deciphering the key mechanisms behind the most lethal feature of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hao Zhang
- Thayer School of Engineering, Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire 03755, United States
| | - Dung Trung Nguyen
- Department of Engineering and Computer Science, Seattle Pacific University, Seattle, Washington 98119,
United States
| | - Xinyue Han
- Thayer School of Engineering, Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire 03755, United States
| | - Ruchuan Liu
- College of Physics, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400032, China
| | - Qiaohang Guo
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Fujian University of Technology, Fuzhou 350014,
China
| | - Jacob Notbohm
- Department of Engineering Physics, University of Wisconsin—Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706,
United States
| | - Jing Fan
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, City College of City University of New York, New York 10031, United
States
| | - Liyu Liu
- College of Physics, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400032, China
| | - Zi Chen
- Thayer School of Engineering, Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire 03755, United States
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32
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Rothenberg KE, Scott DW, Christoforou N, Hoffman BD. Vinculin Force-Sensitive Dynamics at Focal Adhesions Enable Effective Directed Cell Migration. Biophys J 2019; 114:1680-1694. [PMID: 29642037 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2018.02.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2017] [Revised: 02/08/2018] [Accepted: 02/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Cell migration is a complex process, requiring coordination of many subcellular processes including membrane protrusion, adhesion, and contractility. For efficient cell migration, cells must concurrently control both transmission of large forces through adhesion structures and translocation of the cell body via adhesion turnover. Although mechanical regulation of protein dynamics has been proposed to play a major role in force transmission during cell migration, the key proteins and their exact roles are not completely understood. Vinculin is an adhesion protein that mediates force-sensitive processes, such as adhesion assembly under cytoskeletal load. Here, we elucidate the mechanical regulation of vinculin dynamics. Specifically, we paired measurements of vinculin loads using a Förster resonance energy transfer-based tension sensor and vinculin dynamics using fluorescence recovery after photobleaching to measure force-sensitive protein dynamics in living cells. We find that vinculin adopts a variety of mechanical states at adhesions, and the relationship between vinculin load and vinculin dynamics can be altered by the inhibition of vinculin binding to talin or actin or reduction of cytoskeletal contractility. Furthermore, the force-stabilized state of vinculin required for the stabilization of membrane protrusions is unnecessary for random migration, but is required for directional migration along a substrate-bound cue. These data show that the force-sensitive dynamics of vinculin impact force transmission and enable the mechanical integration of subcellular processes. These results suggest that the regulation of force-sensitive protein dynamics may have an underappreciated role in many cellular processes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - David W Scott
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, UNC Chapel, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | | | - Brenton D Hoffman
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina.
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33
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Liu S, Nie Y, Zhang Q, Zhu Y, Li X, Han D. Adhesion Anisotropy Substrate with Janus Micropillar Arrays Guides Cell Polarized Migration and Division Cycle. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201814579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sidi Liu
- CAS Center for Excellence in NanoscienceNational Center for Nanoscience and Technology Beijing 100190 P. R. China
- School of Future TechnologyUniversity of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 P. R. China
| | - Yifeng Nie
- CAS Center for Excellence in NanoscienceNational Center for Nanoscience and Technology Beijing 100190 P. R. China
- School of Future TechnologyUniversity of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 P. R. China
| | - Qiang Zhang
- CAS Center for Excellence in NanoscienceNational Center for Nanoscience and Technology Beijing 100190 P. R. China
- School of Future TechnologyUniversity of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 P. R. China
| | - Yuting Zhu
- CAS Center for Excellence in NanoscienceNational Center for Nanoscience and Technology Beijing 100190 P. R. China
- School of Future TechnologyUniversity of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 P. R. China
| | - Xiang Li
- CAS Center for Excellence in NanoscienceNational Center for Nanoscience and Technology Beijing 100190 P. R. China
- School of Future TechnologyUniversity of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 P. R. China
| | - Dong Han
- CAS Center for Excellence in NanoscienceNational Center for Nanoscience and Technology Beijing 100190 P. R. China
- School of Future TechnologyUniversity of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 P. R. China
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34
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Liu S, Nie Y, Zhang Q, Zhu Y, Li X, Han D. Adhesion Anisotropy Substrate with Janus Micropillar Arrays Guides Cell Polarized Migration and Division Cycle. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:4308-4312. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201814579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sidi Liu
- CAS Center for Excellence in NanoscienceNational Center for Nanoscience and Technology Beijing 100190 P. R. China
- School of Future TechnologyUniversity of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 P. R. China
| | - Yifeng Nie
- CAS Center for Excellence in NanoscienceNational Center for Nanoscience and Technology Beijing 100190 P. R. China
- School of Future TechnologyUniversity of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 P. R. China
| | - Qiang Zhang
- CAS Center for Excellence in NanoscienceNational Center for Nanoscience and Technology Beijing 100190 P. R. China
- School of Future TechnologyUniversity of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 P. R. China
| | - Yuting Zhu
- CAS Center for Excellence in NanoscienceNational Center for Nanoscience and Technology Beijing 100190 P. R. China
- School of Future TechnologyUniversity of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 P. R. China
| | - Xiang Li
- CAS Center for Excellence in NanoscienceNational Center for Nanoscience and Technology Beijing 100190 P. R. China
- School of Future TechnologyUniversity of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 P. R. China
| | - Dong Han
- CAS Center for Excellence in NanoscienceNational Center for Nanoscience and Technology Beijing 100190 P. R. China
- School of Future TechnologyUniversity of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 P. R. China
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35
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Gupta M, Doss BL, Kocgozlu L, Pan M, Mège RM, Callan-Jones A, Voituriez R, Ladoux B. Cell shape and substrate stiffness drive actin-based cell polarity. Phys Rev E 2019; 99:012412. [PMID: 30780372 PMCID: PMC6464093 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.99.012412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
A general trait of living cells is their ability to exert contractile stresses on their surroundings and thus respond to substrate rigidity. At the cellular scale, this response affects cell shape, polarity, and ultimately migration. The regulation of cell shape together with rigidity sensing remains largely unknown. In this article we show that both substrate rigidity and cell shape contribute to drive actin organization and cell polarity. Increasing substrate rigidity affects bulk properties of the actin cytoskeleton by favoring long-lived actin stress fibers with increased nematic interactions, whereas cell shape imposes a local alignment of actin fibers at the cell periphery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mukund Gupta
- Mechanobiology Institute, National University of Singapore, 117411 Singapore, Singapore
- Institut Jacques Monod (IJM), CNRS UMR 7592, Université Paris Diderot, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Bryant L. Doss
- Mechanobiology Institute, National University of Singapore, 117411 Singapore, Singapore
| | - Leyla Kocgozlu
- Mechanobiology Institute, National University of Singapore, 117411 Singapore, Singapore
| | - Meng Pan
- Mechanobiology Institute, National University of Singapore, 117411 Singapore, Singapore
| | - René-Marc Mège
- Institut Jacques Monod (IJM), CNRS UMR 7592, Université Paris Diderot, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Andrew Callan-Jones
- Laboratoire ”Matière et Systèmes Complexes” (MSC), UMR 7057 CNRS, Université Paris Diderot, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Raphaël Voituriez
- Laboratoire de Physique Thèorique de la Matière Condensée, CNRS/UPMC, 4 place Jussieu 75005 Paris, France
- Laboratoire Jean Perrin, CNRS/UPMC, 4 place Jussieu 75005 Paris, France
| | - Benoît Ladoux
- Mechanobiology Institute, National University of Singapore, 117411 Singapore, Singapore
- Institut Jacques Monod (IJM), CNRS UMR 7592, Université Paris Diderot, 75013 Paris, France
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36
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Gates EM, LaCroix AS, Rothenberg KE, Hoffman BD. Improving Quality, Reproducibility, and Usability of FRET-Based Tension Sensors. Cytometry A 2018; 95:201-213. [PMID: 30523675 DOI: 10.1002/cyto.a.23688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2018] [Revised: 10/30/2018] [Accepted: 11/05/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Mechanobiology, the study of how mechanical forces affect cellular behavior, is an emerging field of study that has garnered broad and significant interest. Researchers are currently seeking to better understand how mechanical signals are transmitted, detected, and integrated at a subcellular level. One tool for addressing these questions is a Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET)-based tension sensor, which enables the measurement of molecular-scale forces across proteins based on changes in emitted light. However, the reliability and reproducibility of measurements made with these sensors has not been thoroughly examined. To address these concerns, we developed numerical methods that improve the accuracy of measurements made using sensitized emission-based imaging. To establish that FRET-based tension sensors are versatile tools that provide consistent measurements, we used these methods, and demonstrated that a vinculin tension sensor is unperturbed by cell fixation, permeabilization, and immunolabeling. This suggests FRET-based tension sensors could be coupled with a variety of immuno-fluorescent labeling techniques. Additionally, as tension sensors are frequently employed in complex biological samples where large experimental repeats may be challenging, we examined how sample size affects the uncertainty of FRET measurements. In total, this work establishes guidelines to improve FRET-based tension sensor measurements, validate novel implementations of these sensors, and ensure that results are precise and reproducible. © 2018 International Society for Advancement of Cytometry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evan M Gates
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, 27708
| | - Andrew S LaCroix
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, 27708
| | - Katheryn E Rothenberg
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, 27708
| | - Brenton D Hoffman
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, 27708
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37
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Kumar A, Anderson KL, Swift MF, Hanein D, Volkmann N, Schwartz MA. Local Tension on Talin in Focal Adhesions Correlates with F-Actin Alignment at the Nanometer Scale. Biophys J 2018; 115:1569-1579. [PMID: 30274833 PMCID: PMC6372196 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2018.08.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2018] [Revised: 08/15/2018] [Accepted: 08/29/2018] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Cellular force transmission and mechanotransduction are critical in embryogenesis, normal physiology, and many diseases. Talin plays a key role in these processes by linking integrins to force-generating actomyosin. Using the previously characterized FRET-based talin tension sensor, we observed variations of tension both between and within individual focal adhesions in the same cell. Assembling and sliding adhesions showed gradients with higher talin tension toward the cell center, whereas mature, stable adhesions had uniform talin tension. Total talin accumulation was maximal in high-tension regions; by contrast, vinculin intensity was flat or maximal at the adhesion center, and actin intensity was maximal toward the cell center. To investigate mechanism, we combined talin tension imaging with cellular cryotomography to visualize the correlated actin organization at nanometer resolution. Regions of high talin tension had highly aligned linear actin filaments, whereas regions of low tension had less-well-aligned F-actin. These results reveal an orchestrated spatiotemporal relationship between talin tension, actin/vinculin localization, local actin organization, and focal adhesion dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhishek Kumar
- Department of Medicine (Cardiology) and Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Karen L Anderson
- Bioinformatics and Structural Biology Program, Sanford-Burnham-Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, California
| | - Mark F Swift
- Bioinformatics and Structural Biology Program, Sanford-Burnham-Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, California
| | - Dorit Hanein
- Bioinformatics and Structural Biology Program, Sanford-Burnham-Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, California.
| | - Niels Volkmann
- Bioinformatics and Structural Biology Program, Sanford-Burnham-Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, California
| | - Martin A Schwartz
- Department of Medicine (Cardiology) and Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut; Departments of Cell Biology and Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut.
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Dai J, Kong N, Lu Y, Yuan Y, Wu Q, Shi M, Zhang S, Wu Y, Peng W, Huang P, Chen X, Gong J, Yao Y. Bioinspired Conical Micropattern Modulates Cell Behaviors. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2018; 1:1416-1423. [DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.8b00362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Dai
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, 393 Middle Huaxia Road, Pudong, Shanghai 201210, China
- Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Science, 1295 Dingxi Road, Changning, Shanghai 200050, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19 Yuquan Road, Shijingshan, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Na Kong
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, 393 Middle Huaxia Road, Pudong, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Yi Lu
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, 393 Middle Huaxia Road, Pudong, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Yangyang Yuan
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, 393 Middle Huaxia Road, Pudong, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Qiong Wu
- Institute of Insect Science, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, 310058 Hangzhou, China
| | - Min Shi
- Institute of Insect Science, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, 310058 Hangzhou, China
| | - Siyi Zhang
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, 393 Middle Huaxia Road, Pudong, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Yuzhe Wu
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, 393 Middle Huaxia Road, Pudong, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Wenbo Peng
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, 393 Middle Huaxia Road, Pudong, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Pengyu Huang
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, 393 Middle Huaxia Road, Pudong, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Xuexin Chen
- Institute of Insect Science, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, 310058 Hangzhou, China
| | - Jinkang Gong
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, 393 Middle Huaxia Road, Pudong, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Yuan Yao
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, 393 Middle Huaxia Road, Pudong, Shanghai 201210, China
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Mathieu S, Manneville JB. Intracellular mechanics: connecting rheology and mechanotransduction. Curr Opin Cell Biol 2018; 56:34-44. [PMID: 30253328 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceb.2018.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2018] [Revised: 08/21/2018] [Accepted: 08/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Cell mechanics is crucial for a wide range of cell functions, including proliferation, polarity, migration and differentiation. Cells sense external physical cues and translate them into a cellular response. While force sensing occurs in the vicinity of the plasma membrane, forces can reach deep in the cell interior and to the nucleus. We review here the recent developments in the field of intracellular mechanics. We focus first on intracellular rheology, the study of the mechanical properties of the cell interior, and recapitulate the contribution of active mechanisms, the cytoskeleton and intracellular organelles to cell rheology. We then discuss how forces are transmitted inside the cell during mechanotransduction events, through direct force transmission and biochemical signaling, and how intracellular rheology and mechanotransduction are connected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Mathieu
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, CNRS, UMR 144, 26 rue d'Ulm, F-75005, Paris, France; Sorbonne Université, UPMC University Paris 06, CNRS, UMR 144, 26 rue d'Ulm, F-75005, Paris, France
| | - Jean-Baptiste Manneville
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, CNRS, UMR 144, 26 rue d'Ulm, F-75005, Paris, France; Sorbonne Université, UPMC University Paris 06, CNRS, UMR 144, 26 rue d'Ulm, F-75005, Paris, France.
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LaCroix AS, Lynch AD, Berginski ME, Hoffman BD. Tunable molecular tension sensors reveal extension-based control of vinculin loading. eLife 2018; 7:33927. [PMID: 30024378 PMCID: PMC6053308 DOI: 10.7554/elife.33927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2017] [Accepted: 06/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Molecular tension sensors have contributed to a growing understanding of mechanobiology. However, the limited dynamic range and inability to specify the mechanical sensitivity of these sensors has hindered their widespread use in diverse contexts. Here, we systematically examine the components of tension sensors that can be altered to improve their functionality. Guided by the development of a first principles model describing the mechanical behavior of these sensors, we create a collection of sensors that exhibit predictable sensitivities and significantly improved performance in cellulo. Utilized in the context of vinculin mechanobiology, a trio of these new biosensors with distinct force- and extension-sensitivities reveal that an extension-based control paradigm regulates vinculin loading in a variety of mechanical contexts. To enable the rational design of molecular tension sensors appropriate for diverse applications, we predict the mechanical behavior, in terms of force and extension, of additional 1020 distinct designs. Cells must sense signals from their surroundings to play their roles within the body. These signals can be biochemical, such as growth-promoting substances, or mechanical, for example the stiffness or softness of the environment. Mechanical signals can be detected by load-bearing proteins, which stretch like tiny springs in response to forces. In animals, these proteins span the membrane separating the interior of the cell from the exterior. Externally, the proteins attach to structures around the cell; internally, they connect to the machinery that both generates forces and allows cells to respond to signals from outside. As such, load-bearing proteins form a direct mechanical link between cell and environment. Scientists use tools called molecular tension sensors to measure how much a load-bearing protein stretches in response to changes, and the force that is being applied to it. However, just like any other type of scale, these sensors only work over a certain range, which happens to be limited. This means that, for example, they cannot measure forces in tissues that are too soft (like the brain), or too stiff (such as bones). New sensors that can assess forces in these contexts are therefore needed, but so far research in this area has been slow due to a reliance on ‘trial-and-error’ approaches. Here, LaCroix et al. developed a new method to predict the sensitivity of molecular tension sensors inside cells. This was accomplished by examining several existing sensors, and identifying which components could be altered to change the properties of the sensors. Then, this information was used to create a computer model that could predict how new sensors would behave, and which range of forces they could measure. Finally, the sensors designed following this method were tested in mouse cells grown in the laboratory, and they worked better than their predecessors. The next step was for LaCroix et al. to use a trio of new sensors with different sensitivities to study the load-bearing protein vinculin in mouse cells. The goal was to figure out exactly how cells manage their load-bearing proteins. Indeed, it was widely assumed that a cell acts on a load-bearing protein by applying a force on it. In response, the protein would stretch by a certain amount, which can change depending on its properties – a ‘stiffer’ protein would stretch less. Unexpectedly, the new sensors showed that cells instead manipulate how much vinculin stretches, applying varying forces to achieve the same length of the protein in different environments. Improved molecular tension sensors will give scientists a better insight into how cells respond to their mechanical environment, which could help to direct cell behavior in tissues engineered in the laboratory. This knowledge is also directly relevant to human health, as the mechanical properties of many tissues change during disease, such as tumors stiffening during cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew S LaCroix
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, United States
| | - Andrew D Lynch
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, United States
| | - Matthew E Berginski
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, United States
| | - Brenton D Hoffman
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, United States
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Nanopillar force measurements reveal actin-cap-mediated YAP mechanotransduction. Nat Cell Biol 2018; 20:262-271. [PMID: 29403039 DOI: 10.1038/s41556-017-0030-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2016] [Accepted: 12/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
A robust nanopillar platform with increased spatial resolution reveals that perinuclear forces, originating from stress fibres spanning the nucleus of fibroblasts, are significantly higher on these nanostructured substrates than the forces acting on peripheral adhesions. Many perinuclear adhesions embrace several nanopillars at once, pulling them into β1-integrin- and zyxin-rich clusters, which are able to translocate in the direction of cell motion without losing their tensile strength. The high perinuclear forces are greatly reduced upon inhibition of cell contractility or actin polymerization and disruption of the actin cap by KASH dominant-negative mutant expression. LMNA null fibroblasts have higher peripheral versus perinuclear forces, impaired perinuclear β1-integrin recruitment, as well as YAP nuclear translocation, functional alterations that can be rescued by lamin A expression. These highly tensed actin-cap fibres are required for YAP nuclear signalling and thus play far more important roles in sensing nanotopographies and mechanochemical signal conversion than previously thought.
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Gayrard C, Bernaudin C, Déjardin T, Seiler C, Borghi N. Src- and confinement-dependent FAK activation causes E-cadherin relaxation and β-catenin activity. J Cell Biol 2018; 217:1063-1077. [PMID: 29311227 PMCID: PMC5839785 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201706013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2017] [Revised: 09/20/2017] [Accepted: 12/04/2017] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
β-Catenin is a transcription cofactor proposed to be released from E-cadherin upon mechanically induced phosphorylation. However, evidence for this mechanism is lacking. Gayrard et al. show instead that during epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition, Src- and multicellular confinement–dependent FAK-induced cytoskeleton remodeling causes E-cadherin tension relaxation and phosphorylation-independent β-catenin nuclear translocation from the membrane. In epithelia, E-cadherin cytoplasmic tail is under cytoskeleton-generated tension via a link that contains β-catenin. A cotranscription factor, β-catenin, is also active in morphogenetic processes associated with epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition. β-Catenin signaling appears mechanically inducible and was proposed to follow phosphorylation-induced β-catenin release from E-cadherin. Evidence for this mechanism is lacking, and whether E-cadherin tension is involved is unknown. To test this, we combined quantitative fluorescence microscopies with genetic and pharmacological perturbations of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition–induced cells in culture. We showed that β-catenin nuclear activity follows a substantial release from the membrane specific to migrating cells and requires multicellular deconfinement and Src activity. Selective nuclear translocation occurs downstream of focal adhesion kinase activation, which targets E-cadherin tension relaxation through actomyosin remodeling. In contrast, phosphorylations of the cadherin/catenin complex are not substantially required. These data demonstrate that E-cadherin acts as a sensor of intracellular mechanics in a crosstalk with cell-substrate adhesions that target β-catenin signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlène Gayrard
- Institut Jacques Monod, Unité Mixte de Recherche 7592, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université Paris-Diderot, Paris, France
| | - Clément Bernaudin
- Institut Jacques Monod, Unité Mixte de Recherche 7592, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université Paris-Diderot, Paris, France
| | - Théophile Déjardin
- Institut Jacques Monod, Unité Mixte de Recherche 7592, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université Paris-Diderot, Paris, France
| | - Cynthia Seiler
- Institut Jacques Monod, Unité Mixte de Recherche 7592, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université Paris-Diderot, Paris, France
| | - Nicolas Borghi
- Institut Jacques Monod, Unité Mixte de Recherche 7592, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université Paris-Diderot, Paris, France
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Jafarkhani M, Salehi Z, Kowsari-Esfahan R, Shokrgozar MA, Rezaa Mohammadi M, Rajadas J, Mozafari M. Strategies for directing cells into building functional hearts and parts. Biomater Sci 2018; 6:1664-1690. [DOI: 10.1039/c7bm01176h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
This review presents the current state-of-the-art, emerging directions and future trends to direct cells for building functional heart parts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahboubeh Jafarkhani
- School of Chemical Engineering
- College of Engineering
- University of Tehran
- Iran
- Center for Nanomedicine and Theranostics
| | - Zeinab Salehi
- School of Chemical Engineering
- College of Engineering
- University of Tehran
- Iran
| | | | | | - M. Rezaa Mohammadi
- Biomaterials and Advanced Drug Delivery Laboratory
- Stanford University School of Medicine
- Palo Alto
- USA
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine
| | - Jayakumar Rajadas
- Biomaterials and Advanced Drug Delivery Laboratory
- Stanford University School of Medicine
- Palo Alto
- USA
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine
| | - Masoud Mozafari
- Bioengineering Research Group
- Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials Department
- Materials and Energy Research Center (MERC)
- Tehran
- Iran
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Zhuo Y, Choi JS, Marin T, Yu H, Harley BA, Cunningham BT. Quantitative analysis of focal adhesion dynamics using photonic resonator outcoupler microscopy (PROM). LIGHT, SCIENCE & APPLICATIONS 2018; 7:9. [PMID: 29963322 PMCID: PMC6020849 DOI: 10.1038/s41377-018-0001-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Focal adhesions are critical cell membrane components that regulate adhesion and migration and have cluster dimensions that correlate closely with adhesion engagement and migration speed. We utilized a label-free approach for dynamic, long-term, quantitative imaging of cell-surface interactions called photonic resonator outcoupler microscopy (PROM) in which membrane-associated protein aggregates outcoupled photons from the resonant evanescent field of a photonic crystal biosensor, resulting in a highly localized reduction of the reflected light intensity. By mapping the changes in the resonant reflected peak intensity from the biosensor surface, we demonstrate the ability of PROM to detect focal adhesion dimensions. Similar spatial distributions can be observed between PROM images and fluorescence-labeled images of focal adhesion areas in dental epithelial stem cells. In particular, we demonstrate that cell-surface contacts and focal adhesion formation can be imaged by two orthogonal label-free modalities in PROM simultaneously, providing a general-purpose tool for kinetic, high axial-resolution monitoring of cell interactions with basement membranes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Zhuo
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801 USA
- Micro and Nanotechnology Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801 USA
| | - Ji Sun Choi
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801 USA
- Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801 USA
| | - Thibault Marin
- Atkins Building, University of Illinois Research Park, 1800 South Oak Street, Champaign, IL 61820 USA
| | - Hojeong Yu
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801 USA
| | - Brendan A. Harley
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801 USA
- Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801 USA
| | - Brian T. Cunningham
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801 USA
- Micro and Nanotechnology Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801 USA
- Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801 USA
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801 USA
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45
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Hu B, Leow WR, Cai P, Li YQ, Wu YL, Chen X. Nanomechanical Force Mapping of Restricted Cell-To-Cell Collisions Oscillating between Contraction and Relaxation. ACS NANO 2017; 11:12302-12310. [PMID: 29131936 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.7b06063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Contact-mediated cell migration strongly determines the invasiveness of the corresponding cells, collective migration, and morphogenesis. The quantitative study of cellular response upon contact relies on cell-to-cell collision, which rarely occurs in conventional cell culture. Herein, we developed a strategy to activate a robust cell-to-cell collision within smooth muscle cell pairs. Nanomechanical traction force mapping reveals that the collision process is promoted by the oscillatory modulations between contraction and relaxation and orientated by the filopodial bridge composed of nanosized contractile machinery. This strategy can enhance the occurrence of cell-to-cell collision, which renders it advantageous over traditional methods that utilize micropatterned coating to confine cell pairs. Furthermore, modulation of the balance between cell tugging force and traction force can determine the repolarization of cells and thus the direction of cell migration. Overall, our approach could help to reveal the mechanistic contribution in cell motility and provide insights in tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benhui Hu
- Innovative Center for Flexible Devices (iFLEX), School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University , 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 639798, Singapore
| | - Wan Ru Leow
- Innovative Center for Flexible Devices (iFLEX), School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University , 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 639798, Singapore
| | - Pingqiang Cai
- Innovative Center for Flexible Devices (iFLEX), School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University , 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 639798, Singapore
| | - Yong-Qiang Li
- Innovative Center for Flexible Devices (iFLEX), School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University , 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 639798, Singapore
| | - Yun-Long Wu
- Innovative Center for Flexible Devices (iFLEX), School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University , 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 639798, Singapore
| | - Xiaodong Chen
- Innovative Center for Flexible Devices (iFLEX), School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University , 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 639798, Singapore
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Wang W, Zhong D, Lin Y, Fan R, Hou Z, Cao X, Ren Y. Responsiveness of voltage-gated calcium channels in SH-SY5Y human neuroblastoma cells on micropillar substrates. JOURNAL OF BIOMATERIALS SCIENCE-POLYMER EDITION 2017; 29:125-144. [PMID: 29125390 DOI: 10.1080/09205063.2017.1403714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
In this study, poly-L-lactic acid micropillar substrates were fabricated to evaluate the influence of topographic substrates on cell morphological and functional characteristics, such as spreading area, voltage-gated calcium channels (VGCCs) and membrane potential. The proliferation, spreading area, perimeter and circularity of SH-SY5Y cells interfaced with different substrates were first investigated. In addition, the cytoskeleton and focal adhesion of a cell as important manifestations of cell morphology were analyzed by immunofluorescence. VGCC responsiveness was evaluated by measuring the dynamic changes in intracellular Ca2+ evoked by 50 mM extracellular K+. To determine study whether the differences in VGCC responsiveness were caused by the differences in VGCC gene expression, the expression of N/L- type VGCCs was determined by qPCR and fluorescence staining. Notably, improved measurement of the membrane potential with potentiometric fluorescent dye TMRM was applied to determine the membrane potential of SH-SY5Y cells. Results indicated that the SH-SY5Y cells were deformed significantly to adapt to the substrates; however, no distinct effect on the proliferative ability of SH-SY5Y cells was observed. The micropillar substrates markedly influenced VGCC responsiveness, which correlated strongly with cell spreading but not with VGCC expression. The resting membrane potential of SH-SY5Y cells cultured on different substrates also changed, but no effect on responsiveness of VGCC was observed. These results suggest that the effect of the micropillar substrates on cell VGCC responsiveness may be attributed to changes in the functionality of the ion channel itself. Thus, topographic substrates can be used to engineer cell functionality in cell-based drug screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenxu Wang
- a Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology of the State Ministry of Education, College of Bioengineering , Chongqing University , Chongqing , People's Republic of China
| | - Donghuo Zhong
- a Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology of the State Ministry of Education, College of Bioengineering , Chongqing University , Chongqing , People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Lin
- a Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology of the State Ministry of Education, College of Bioengineering , Chongqing University , Chongqing , People's Republic of China
| | - Rong Fan
- a Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology of the State Ministry of Education, College of Bioengineering , Chongqing University , Chongqing , People's Republic of China
| | - Zhengjun Hou
- a Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology of the State Ministry of Education, College of Bioengineering , Chongqing University , Chongqing , People's Republic of China
| | - Xiumei Cao
- a Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology of the State Ministry of Education, College of Bioengineering , Chongqing University , Chongqing , People's Republic of China
| | - Yubin Ren
- a Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology of the State Ministry of Education, College of Bioengineering , Chongqing University , Chongqing , People's Republic of China
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Li L, Li X, Qi L, Rychahou P, Jafari N, Huang C. The role of talin2 in breast cancer tumorigenesis and metastasis. Oncotarget 2017; 8:106876-106887. [PMID: 29290996 PMCID: PMC5739781 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.22449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2017] [Accepted: 10/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent studies show that talin2 has a higher affinity to β-integrin tails and is indispensable for traction force generation and cell invasion. However, its roles in cell migration, cancer cell metastasis and tumorigenesis remain to be determined. Here, we used MDA-MB-231 human breast cancer cells as a model to define the roles of talin2 in cell migration, invasion, metastasis and tumorigenesis. We show here that talin2 knockdown (KD) inhibited cell migration and focal adhesion dynamics, a key step in cell migration, and that talin2 knockout (KO) inhibited cell invasion and traction force generation, the latter is crucial for cell invasion. Re-expression of talin2WT in talin2-KO cells restored traction force generation and cell invasion, but that of talin2S339C, a β-integrin-binding deficient mutant, did not. Moreover, talin2 KO (or KD) suppressed tumorigenesis and metastasis in mouse xenograft models. However, surprisingly, re-expression of talin2WT in talin2-KO cells did not rescue tumorigenesis. Thus, talin2 is required for breast cancer cell migration, invasion, metastasis and tumorigenesis, although exogenous expression of high levels of talin2 could inhibit tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liqing Li
- Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506, USA
| | - Xiang Li
- Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506, USA
| | - Lei Qi
- Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506, USA
| | - Piotr Rychahou
- Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506, USA
| | - Naser Jafari
- Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506, USA
| | - Cai Huang
- Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506, USA.,Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506, USA
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De Pascalis C, Etienne-Manneville S. Single and collective cell migration: the mechanics of adhesions. Mol Biol Cell 2017; 28:1833-1846. [PMID: 28684609 PMCID: PMC5541834 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e17-03-0134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 214] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2017] [Revised: 05/30/2017] [Accepted: 06/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemical and physical properties of the environment control cell proliferation, differentiation, or apoptosis in the long term. However, to be able to move and migrate through a complex three-dimensional environment, cells must quickly adapt in the short term to the physical properties of their surroundings. Interactions with the extracellular matrix (ECM) occur through focal adhesions or hemidesmosomes via the engagement of integrins with fibrillar ECM proteins. Cells also interact with their neighbors, and this involves various types of intercellular adhesive structures such as tight junctions, cadherin-based adherens junctions, and desmosomes. Mechanobiology studies have shown that cell-ECM and cell-cell adhesions participate in mechanosensing to transduce mechanical cues into biochemical signals and conversely are responsible for the transmission of intracellular forces to the extracellular environment. As they migrate, cells use these adhesive structures to probe their surroundings, adapt their mechanical properties, and exert the appropriate forces required for their movements. The focus of this review is to give an overview of recent developments showing the bidirectional relationship between the physical properties of the environment and the cell mechanical responses during single and collective cell migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara De Pascalis
- Cell Polarity, Migration and Cancer Unit, Institut Pasteur Paris, CNRS UMR3691, 75724 Paris Cedex 15, France
- UPMC Université Paris 06, IFD, Sorbonne Universités, 75252 Paris Cedex 05, France
| | - Sandrine Etienne-Manneville
- Cell Polarity, Migration and Cancer Unit, Institut Pasteur Paris, CNRS UMR3691, 75724 Paris Cedex 15, France
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