1
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Lim VY, Righetto M, Yan S, Patel JB, Siday T, Putland B, McCall KM, Sirtl MT, Kominko Y, Peng J, Lin Q, Bein T, Kovalenko M, Snaith HJ, Johnston MB, Herz LM. Contrasting Ultra-Low Frequency Raman and Infrared Modes in Emerging Metal Halides for Photovoltaics. ACS ENERGY LETTERS 2024; 9:4127-4135. [PMID: 39144815 PMCID: PMC11320646 DOI: 10.1021/acsenergylett.4c01473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2024] [Revised: 07/14/2024] [Accepted: 07/19/2024] [Indexed: 08/16/2024]
Abstract
Lattice dynamics are critical to photovoltaic material performance, governing dynamic disorder, hot-carrier cooling, charge-carrier recombination, and transport. Soft metal-halide perovskites exhibit particularly intriguing dynamics, with Raman spectra exhibiting an unusually broad low-frequency response whose origin is still much debated. Here, we utilize ultra-low frequency Raman and infrared terahertz time-domain spectroscopies to provide a systematic examination of the vibrational response for a wide range of metal-halide semiconductors: FAPbI3, MAPbI x Br3-x , CsPbBr3, PbI2, Cs2AgBiBr6, Cu2AgBiI6, and AgI. We rule out extrinsic defects, octahedral tilting, cation lone pairs, and "liquid-like" Boson peaks as causes of the debated central Raman peak. Instead, we propose that the central Raman response results from an interplay of the significant broadening of Raman-active, low-energy phonon modes that are strongly amplified by a population component from Bose-Einstein statistics toward low frequency. These findings elucidate the complexities of light interactions with low-energy lattice vibrations in soft metal-halide semiconductors emerging for photovoltaic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent
J.-Y. Lim
- Department
of Physics, Clarendon Laboratory, University
of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford OX1
3PU, United Kingdom
| | - Marcello Righetto
- Department
of Physics, Clarendon Laboratory, University
of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford OX1
3PU, United Kingdom
| | - Siyu Yan
- Department
of Physics, Clarendon Laboratory, University
of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford OX1
3PU, United Kingdom
| | - Jay B. Patel
- Department
of Physics, King’s College London, London WC2R 2LS, United Kingdom
| | - Thomas Siday
- Department
of Physics, Clarendon Laboratory, University
of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford OX1
3PU, United Kingdom
| | - Benjamin Putland
- Department
of Physics, Clarendon Laboratory, University
of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford OX1
3PU, United Kingdom
| | - Kyle M. McCall
- Department
of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, ETH Zürich, Zürich 8093, Switzerland
- Empa-Swiss
Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Dübendorf 8600, Switzerland
| | - Maximilian T. Sirtl
- Department
of Chemistry and Center for NanoScience (CeNS), University of Munich (LMU), Butenandtstr. 11, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Yuliia Kominko
- Department
of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, ETH Zürich, Zürich 8093, Switzerland
- Empa-Swiss
Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Dübendorf 8600, Switzerland
| | - Jiali Peng
- Key Lab of
Artificial Micro- and Nano-Structures of Ministry of Education of
China, School of Physics and Technology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, Hubei, China
| | - Qianqian Lin
- Key Lab of
Artificial Micro- and Nano-Structures of Ministry of Education of
China, School of Physics and Technology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, Hubei, China
| | - Thomas Bein
- Department
of Chemistry and Center for NanoScience (CeNS), University of Munich (LMU), Butenandtstr. 11, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Maksym Kovalenko
- Department
of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, ETH Zürich, Zürich 8093, Switzerland
- Empa-Swiss
Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Dübendorf 8600, Switzerland
| | - Henry J. Snaith
- Department
of Physics, Clarendon Laboratory, University
of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford OX1
3PU, United Kingdom
| | - Michael B. Johnston
- Department
of Physics, Clarendon Laboratory, University
of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford OX1
3PU, United Kingdom
| | - Laura M. Herz
- Department
of Physics, Clarendon Laboratory, University
of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford OX1
3PU, United Kingdom
- Institute
for Advanced Study, Technical University
of Munich, Lichtenbergstrasse
2a, D-85748 Garching, Germany
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2
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Kim DH, Woo SJ, Huelmo CP, Park MH, Schankler AM, Dai Z, Heo JM, Kim S, Reuveni G, Kang S, Kim JS, Yun HJ, Park J, Park J, Yaffe O, Rappe AM, Lee TW. Surface-binding molecular multipods strengthen the halide perovskite lattice and boost luminescence. Nat Commun 2024; 15:6245. [PMID: 39048540 PMCID: PMC11269598 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-49751-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Reducing the size of perovskite crystals to confine excitons and passivating surface defects has fueled a significant advance in the luminescence efficiency of perovskite light-emitting diodes (LEDs). However, the persistent gap between the optical limit of electroluminescence efficiency and the photoluminescence efficiency of colloidal perovskite nanocrystals (PeNCs) suggests that defect passivation alone is not sufficient to achieve highly efficient colloidal PeNC-LEDs. Here, we present a materials approach to controlling the dynamic nature of the perovskite surface. Our experimental and theoretical studies reveal that conjugated molecular multipods (CMMs) adsorb onto the perovskite surface by multipodal hydrogen bonding and van der Waals interactions, strengthening the near-surface perovskite lattice and reducing ionic fluctuations which are related to nonradiative recombination. The CMM treatment strengthens the perovskite lattice and suppresses its dynamic disorder, resulting in a near-unity photoluminescence quantum yield of PeNC films and a high external quantum efficiency (26.1%) of PeNC-LED with pure green emission that matches the Rec.2020 color standard for next-generation vivid displays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Hyeok Kim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Je Woo
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Min-Ho Park
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Aaron M Schankler
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Zhenbang Dai
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jung-Min Heo
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sungjin Kim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Guy Reuveni
- Department of Chemical and Biological Physics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Sungsu Kang
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Joo Sung Kim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung Joong Yun
- Research Center for Materials Analysis, Korea Basic Science Institute (KBSI), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinwoo Park
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jungwon Park
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Center for Nanoparticle Research, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Omer Yaffe
- Department of Chemical and Biological Physics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Andrew M Rappe
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
| | - Tae-Woo Lee
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
- Institute of Engineering Research, Research Institute of Advanced Materials, Soft Foundry, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
- SN Display Co., Ltd., Seoul, Republic of Korea.
- Interdisciplinary Program in Bioengineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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3
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Biswas S, Zhao R, Alowa F, Zacharias M, Sharifzadeh S, Coker DF, Seferos DS, Scholes GD. Exciton polaron formation and hot-carrier relaxation in rigid Dion-Jacobson-type two-dimensional perovskites. NATURE MATERIALS 2024; 23:937-943. [PMID: 38755291 DOI: 10.1038/s41563-024-01895-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
The efficiency of two-dimensional Dion-Jacobson-type materials relies on the complex interplay between electronic and lattice dynamics; however, questions remain about the functional role of exciton-phonon interactions. Here we establish the robust polaronic nature of the excitons in these materials at room temperature by combining ultrafast spectroscopy and electronic structure calculations. We show that polaronic distortion is associated with low-frequency (30-60 cm-1) lead iodide octahedral lattice motions. More importantly, we discover how targeted ligand modification of this two-dimensional perovskite structure manipulates exciton-phonon coupling, exciton polaron population and carrier cooling. At high excitation density, stronger exciton-phonon coupling increases the hot-carrier lifetime, forming a hot-phonon bottleneck. Our study provides detailed insight into the exciton-phonon coupling and its role in carrier cooling in two-dimensional perovskites relevant for developing emerging hybrid semiconductor materials with tailored properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Somnath Biswas
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton Uiversity, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | - Ruyan Zhao
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Fatimah Alowa
- Division of Materials Science and Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Marios Zacharias
- Université de Rennes, INSA Rennes, CNRS, Institut FOTON - UMR 6082, F-35000, Rennes, France
| | - Sahar Sharifzadeh
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - David F Coker
- Department of Chemistry, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Dwight S Seferos
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
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4
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Duan J, Li J, Divitini G, Cortecchia D, Yuan F, You J, Liu SF, Petrozza A, Wu Z, Xi J. 2D Hybrid Perovskites: From Static and Dynamic Structures to Potential Applications. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2403455. [PMID: 38723249 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202403455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2024] [Revised: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
2D perovskites have received great attention recently due to their structural tunability and environmental stability, making them highly promising candidates for various applications by breaking property bottlenecks that affect established materials. However, in 2D perovskites, the complicated interplay between organic spacers and inorganic slabs makes structural analysis challenging to interpret. A deeper understanding of the structure-property relationship in these systems is urgently needed to enable high-performance tunable optoelectronic devices. Herein, this study examines how structural changes, from constant lattice distortion and variable structural evolution, modeled with both static and dynamic structural descriptors, affect macroscopic properties and ultimately device performance. The effect of chemical composition, crystallographic inhomogeneity, and mechanical-stress-induced static structural changes and corresponding electronic band variations is reported. In addition, the structure dynamics are described from the viewpoint of anharmonic vibrations, which impact electron-phonon coupling and the carriers' dynamic processes. Correlated carrier-matter interactions, known as polarons and acting on fine electronic structures, are then discussed. Finally, reliable guidelines to facilitate design to exploit structural features and rationally achieve breakthroughs in 2D perovskite applications are proposed. This review provides a global structural landscape of 2D perovskites, expected to promote the prosperity of these materials in emerging device applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianing Duan
- Key Laboratory for Physical Electronics and Devices of the Ministry of Education & Shaanxi Key Lab of Information Photonic Technique, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
| | - Jingrui Li
- Electronic Materials Research Laboratory, Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education and International Center for Dielectric Research, School of Electronic Science and Engineering & International Joint Laboratory for Micro/Nano Manufacturing and Measurement Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
| | - Giorgio Divitini
- Electron Spectroscopy and Nanoscopy, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Morego 30, Genova, 16163, Italy
| | - Daniele Cortecchia
- Department of Industrial Chemistry "Toso Montanari", University of Bologna, Via Piero Gobetti 85, Bologna, 40129, Italy
- Center for Nano Science and Technology@Polimi, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, via Rubattino 81, Milano, 20134, Italy
| | - Fang Yuan
- Key Laboratory for Physical Electronics and Devices of the Ministry of Education & Shaanxi Key Lab of Information Photonic Technique, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
| | - Jiaxue You
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Hong Kong Institute for Clean Energy, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, 999077, China
| | - Shengzhong Frank Liu
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education, Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Advanced Energy Devices, Shaanxi Engineering Lab for Advanced Energy Technology, School of Materials Science & Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, China
| | - Annamaria Petrozza
- Center for Nano Science and Technology@Polimi, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, via Rubattino 81, Milano, 20134, Italy
| | - Zhaoxin Wu
- Key Laboratory for Physical Electronics and Devices of the Ministry of Education & Shaanxi Key Lab of Information Photonic Technique, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
| | - Jun Xi
- Key Laboratory for Physical Electronics and Devices of the Ministry of Education & Shaanxi Key Lab of Information Photonic Technique, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
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5
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Baranowski M, Nowok A, Galkowski K, Dyksik M, Surrente A, Maude D, Zacharias M, Volonakis G, Stranks SD, Even J, Maczka M, Nicholas R, Plochocka P. Polaronic Mass Enhancement and Polaronic Excitons in Metal Halide Perovskites. ACS ENERGY LETTERS 2024; 9:2696-2702. [PMID: 38903402 PMCID: PMC11187632 DOI: 10.1021/acsenergylett.4c00905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2024] [Revised: 04/22/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/22/2024]
Abstract
In metal halide perovskites, the complex dielectric screening together with low energy of phonon modes leads to non-negligible Fröhlich coupling. While this feature of perovskites has already been used to explain some of the puzzling aspects of carrier transport in these materials, the possible impact of polaronic effects on the optical response, especially excitonic properties, is much less explored. Here, with the use of magneto-optical spectroscopy, we revealed the non-hydrogenic character of the excitons in metal halide perovskites, resulting from the pronounced Fröhlich coupling. Our results can be well described by the polaronic-exciton picture where electron and hole interactions are no longer described by a Coulomb potential. Furthermore, we show experimental evidence that the carrier-phonon interaction leads to the enhancement of the carrier's effective mass. Notably, our measurements reveal a pronounced temperature dependence of the carrier's effective mass, which we attribute to a band structure renormalization induced by the population of low-energy phonon modes. This interpretation finds support in our first-principles calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michal Baranowski
- Department
of Experimental Physics, Faculty of Fundamental Problems of Technology, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, 50-370 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Andrzej Nowok
- Department
of Experimental Physics, Faculty of Fundamental Problems of Technology, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, 50-370 Wroclaw, Poland
- Laboratoire
National des Champs Magnétiques Intenses, EMFL, CNRS UPR 3228, Université Toulouse, Université Toulouse
3, INSA-T, 31400 Toulouse, France
| | - Krzysztof Galkowski
- Department
of Experimental Physics, Faculty of Fundamental Problems of Technology, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, 50-370 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Mateusz Dyksik
- Department
of Experimental Physics, Faculty of Fundamental Problems of Technology, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, 50-370 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Alessandro Surrente
- Department
of Experimental Physics, Faculty of Fundamental Problems of Technology, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, 50-370 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Duncan Maude
- Laboratoire
National des Champs Magnétiques Intenses, EMFL, CNRS UPR 3228, Université Toulouse, Université Toulouse
3, INSA-T, 31400 Toulouse, France
| | - Marios Zacharias
- Université
Rennes, INSA Rennes, CNRS,
Institut FOTON - UMR 6082, F-35000 Rennes, France
| | - George Volonakis
- Université
Rennes, ENSCR, INSA Rennes, CNRS, ISCR -
UMR 6226, F-35000 Rennes, France
| | - Samuel D. Stranks
- Cavendish
Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
- Department
of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Philippa Fawcett Drive, Cambridge CB3 0AS, United Kingdom
| | - Jacky Even
- Université
Rennes, INSA Rennes, CNRS,
Institut FOTON - UMR 6082, F-35000 Rennes, France
| | - Miroslaw Maczka
- Institute
of Low Temperature and Structure Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, ul. Okolna 2, 50-422 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Robin Nicholas
- Department
of Physics, Clarendon Laboratory, University
of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford OX1
3PU, United Kingdom
| | - Paulina Plochocka
- Department
of Experimental Physics, Faculty of Fundamental Problems of Technology, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, 50-370 Wroclaw, Poland
- Laboratoire
National des Champs Magnétiques Intenses, EMFL, CNRS UPR 3228, Université Toulouse, Université Toulouse
3, INSA-T, 31400 Toulouse, France
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6
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Caicedo-Dávila S, Cohen A, Motti SG, Isobe M, McCall KM, Grumet M, Kovalenko MV, Yaffe O, Herz LM, Fabini DH, Egger DA. Disentangling the effects of structure and lone-pair electrons in the lattice dynamics of halide perovskites. Nat Commun 2024; 15:4184. [PMID: 38760360 PMCID: PMC11101661 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-48581-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 05/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Halide perovskites show great optoelectronic performance, but their favorable properties are paired with unusually strong anharmonicity. It was proposed that this combination derives from the ns2 electron configuration of octahedral cations and associated pseudo-Jahn-Teller effect. We show that such cations are not a prerequisite for the strong anharmonicity and low-energy lattice dynamics encountered in these materials. We combine X-ray diffraction, infrared and Raman spectroscopies, and molecular dynamics to contrast the lattice dynamics of CsSrBr3 with those of CsPbBr3, two compounds that are structurally similar but with the former lacking ns2 cations with the propensity to form electron lone pairs. We exploit low-frequency diffusive Raman scattering, nominally symmetry-forbidden in the cubic phase, as a fingerprint of anharmonicity and reveal that low-frequency tilting occurs irrespective of octahedral cation electron configuration. This highlights the role of structure in perovskite lattice dynamics, providing design rules for the emerging class of soft perovskite semiconductors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastián Caicedo-Dávila
- Physics Department, TUM School of Natural Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Garching, Germany
| | - Adi Cohen
- Department of Chemical and Biological Physics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Silvia G Motti
- Clarendon Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Masahiko Isobe
- Max Planck Institute for Solid State Research, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Kyle M McCall
- Laboratory of Inorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland
- Laboratory for Thin Films and Photovoltaics, EMPA - Swiss National Laboratories for Materials and Technology, Dübendorf, Switzerland
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, USA
| | - Manuel Grumet
- Physics Department, TUM School of Natural Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Garching, Germany
| | - Maksym V Kovalenko
- Laboratory of Inorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland
- Laboratory for Thin Films and Photovoltaics, EMPA - Swiss National Laboratories for Materials and Technology, Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Omer Yaffe
- Department of Chemical and Biological Physics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Laura M Herz
- Clarendon Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- TUM Institute for Advanced Study, Technical University of Munich, Garching, Germany
| | - Douglas H Fabini
- Max Planck Institute for Solid State Research, Stuttgart, Germany.
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.
| | - David A Egger
- Physics Department, TUM School of Natural Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Garching, Germany.
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7
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Leem YC, Fang Z, Lee YK, Kim NY, Kakekhani A, Liu W, Cho SP, Kim C, Wang Y, Ji Z, Patra A, Kronik L, Rappe AM, Yim SY, Agarwal R. Optically Triggered Emergent Mesostructures in Monolayer WS 2. NANO LETTERS 2024; 24:5436-5443. [PMID: 38656103 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.4c00358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
The ultrahigh surface area of two-dimensional materials can drive multimodal coupling between optical, electrical, and mechanical properties that leads to emergent dynamical responses not possible in three-dimensional systems. We observed that optical excitation of the WS2 monolayer above the exciton energy creates symmetrically patterned mechanical protrusions which can be controlled by laser intensity and wavelength. This observed photostrictive behavior is attributed to lattice expansion due to the formation of polarons, which are charge carriers dressed by lattice vibrations. Scanning Kelvin probe force microscopy measurements and density functional theory calculations reveal unconventional charge transport properties such as the spatially and optical intensity-dependent conversion in the WS2 monolayer from apparent n- to p-type and the subsequent formation of effective p-n junctions at the boundaries between regions with different defect densities. The strong opto-electrical-mechanical coupling in the WS2 monolayer reveals previously unexplored properties, which can lead to new applications in optically driven ultrathin microactuators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young-Chul Leem
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia 19104, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Zhenyao Fang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia 19104-6323, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Yun-Kyung Lee
- Application Technology Center, Park Systems Corp., Suwon 16229, Republic of Korea
| | - Na-Yeong Kim
- Advanced Photonics Research Institute, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Arvin Kakekhani
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia 19104-6323, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Wenjing Liu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia 19104, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Sung-Pyo Cho
- National Center for Inter-University Research Facilities, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Cheolsu Kim
- Application Technology Center, Park Systems Corp., Suwon 16229, Republic of Korea
| | - Yuhui Wang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia 19104, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Zhurun Ji
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia 19104, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Abhirup Patra
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia 19104-6323, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Leeor Kronik
- Department of Molecular Chemistry and Materials Science, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovoth 7610001, Israel
| | - Andrew M Rappe
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia 19104-6323, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Sang-Youp Yim
- Advanced Photonics Research Institute, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Ritesh Agarwal
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia 19104, Pennsylvania, United States
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8
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Simenas M, Gagor A, Banys J, Maczka M. Phase Transitions and Dynamics in Mixed Three- and Low-Dimensional Lead Halide Perovskites. Chem Rev 2024; 124:2281-2326. [PMID: 38421808 PMCID: PMC10941198 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.3c00532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Revised: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
Lead halide perovskites are extensively investigated as efficient solution-processable materials for photovoltaic applications. The greatest stability and performance of these compounds are achieved by mixing different ions at all three sites of the APbX3 structure. Despite the extensive use of mixed lead halide perovskites in photovoltaic devices, a detailed and systematic understanding of the mixing-induced effects on the structural and dynamic aspects of these materials is still lacking. The goal of this review is to summarize the current state of knowledge on mixing effects on the structural phase transitions, crystal symmetry, cation and lattice dynamics, and phase diagrams of three- and low-dimensional lead halide perovskites. This review analyzes different mixing recipes and ingredients providing a comprehensive picture of mixing effects and their relation to the attractive properties of these materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mantas Simenas
- Faculty
of Physics, Vilnius University, Sauletekio 3, LT-10257 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Anna Gagor
- Institute
of Low Temperature and Structure Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, Okólna 2, PL-50-422 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Juras Banys
- Faculty
of Physics, Vilnius University, Sauletekio 3, LT-10257 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Miroslaw Maczka
- Institute
of Low Temperature and Structure Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, Okólna 2, PL-50-422 Wroclaw, Poland
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9
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Yao R, Ji S, Zhou T, Quan C, Liu W, Li X. Self-energy correction and numerical simulation for efficient lead-free double perovskite solar cells. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2024; 26:5253-5261. [PMID: 38263913 DOI: 10.1039/d3cp03639a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2024]
Abstract
Inorganic double perovskites have garnered significant attention due to their desirable characteristics, such as low-toxicity, stability and long charge-carrier lifetimes. However, most double perovskites, especially Cs2AgBiBr6, have wide bandgaps, which limits power conversion efficiencies. In this work, through the first principles method corrected by self-energy, we investigate the mechanical, electric and optical properties of Cs2B'B''Br6 (B' = Ag, Au, Cu; B'' = Bi, Al, Sb, In). Based on performance screening, three kinds of materials with good toughness, high carrier mobility and wide visible-light absorption (around 105 cm-1) are obtained, which are compared with Cs2AgBiBr6. Meanwhile, we use a SACPS-1D simulation to design lead-free double perovskites with excellent properties suitable for photovoltaic solar cell devices, which are made into a planar perovskite heterojunction. Ultimately, the optimal structure is determined to be FTO/WS2/Cs2CuBiBr6/spiro-OMeTAD/Ag, which achieves a power conversion efficiency of 14.08%, surpassing the conventional structure efficiency of 6.1%. It provides valuable guidance for the structure design of a lead-free double perovskite device and offers new insights into the development of optoelectronic devices for solar energy utilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruijia Yao
- New Energy Technology Engineering Laboratory of Jiangsu Province & Institute of Advanced Materials & School of Science, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications (NJUPT), Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Shilei Ji
- New Energy Technology Engineering Laboratory of Jiangsu Province & Institute of Advanced Materials & School of Science, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications (NJUPT), Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Tingxue Zhou
- New Energy Technology Engineering Laboratory of Jiangsu Province & Institute of Advanced Materials & School of Science, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications (NJUPT), Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Chuye Quan
- New Energy Technology Engineering Laboratory of Jiangsu Province & Institute of Advanced Materials & School of Science, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications (NJUPT), Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Wei Liu
- New Energy Technology Engineering Laboratory of Jiangsu Province & Institute of Advanced Materials & School of Science, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications (NJUPT), Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Xingao Li
- New Energy Technology Engineering Laboratory of Jiangsu Province & Institute of Advanced Materials & School of Science, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications (NJUPT), Nanjing 210023, China
- School of Science, Zhejiang University of Science and Technology (ZUST), Hangzhou 310023, China
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10
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Dai Z, Lian C, Lafuente-Bartolome J, Giustino F. Excitonic Polarons and Self-Trapped Excitons from First-Principles Exciton-Phonon Couplings. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2024; 132:036902. [PMID: 38307080 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.132.036902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Revised: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2024]
Abstract
Excitons consist of electrons and holes held together by their attractive Coulomb interaction. Although excitons are neutral excitations, spatial fluctuations in their charge density couple with the ions of the crystal lattice. This coupling can lower the exciton energy and lead to the formation of a localized excitonic polaron or even a self-trapped exciton in the presence of strong exciton-phonon interactions. Here, we develop a theoretical and computational approach to compute excitonic polarons and self-trapped excitons from first principles. Our methodology combines the many-body Bethe-Salpeter approach with density-functional perturbation theory and does not require explicit supercell calculations. As a proof of concept, we demonstrate our method for a compound of the halide perovskite family.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenbang Dai
- Oden Institute for Computational Engineering and Sciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, USA and Department of Physics, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, USA
| | - Chao Lian
- Oden Institute for Computational Engineering and Sciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, USA and Department of Physics, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, USA
| | - Jon Lafuente-Bartolome
- Oden Institute for Computational Engineering and Sciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, USA and Department of Physics, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, USA
| | - Feliciano Giustino
- Oden Institute for Computational Engineering and Sciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, USA and Department of Physics, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, USA
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11
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Li W, Giannini S, Quarti C, Hou Z, Prezhdo OV, Beljonne D. Interlayer Charge Transport in 2D Lead Halide Perovskites from First Principles. J Chem Theory Comput 2023; 19:9403-9415. [PMID: 38048307 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.3c00904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/06/2023]
Abstract
We report on the implementation of a versatile projection-operator diabatization approach to calculate electronic coupling integrals in layered periodic systems. The approach is applied to model charge transport across the saturated organic spacers in two-dimensional (2D) lead halide perovskites. The calculations yield out-of-plane charge transfer rates that decay exponentially with the increasing length of the alkyl chain, range from a few nanoseconds to milliseconds, and are supportive of a hopping mechanism. Most importantly, we show that the charge carriers strongly couple to distortions of the Pb-I framework and that accounting for the associated nonlocal dynamic disorder increases the thermally averaged interlayer rates by a few orders of magnitude compared to the frozen-ion 0 K-optimized structure. Our formalism provides the first comprehensive insight into the role of the organic spacer cation on vertical transport in 2D lead halide perovskites and can be readily extended to functional π-conjugated spacers, where we expect the improved energy alignment with the inorganic layout to speed up the charge transfer between the semiconducting layers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Li
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
- Laboratory for Chemistry of Novel Materials, University of Mons, Place du Parc, 20, B-7000 Mons, Belgium
| | - Samuele Giannini
- Laboratory for Chemistry of Novel Materials, University of Mons, Place du Parc, 20, B-7000 Mons, Belgium
| | - Claudio Quarti
- Laboratory for Chemistry of Novel Materials, University of Mons, Place du Parc, 20, B-7000 Mons, Belgium
| | - Zhufeng Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Oleg V Prezhdo
- Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, United States
| | - David Beljonne
- Laboratory for Chemistry of Novel Materials, University of Mons, Place du Parc, 20, B-7000 Mons, Belgium
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12
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Dörflinger P, Ding Y, Schmid V, Armer M, Turnell-Ritson RC, Ding B, Dyson PJ, Nazeeruddin MK, Dyakonov V. Influence of an Organic Salt-Based Stabilizing Additive on Charge Carrier Dynamics in Triple Cation Perovskite Solar Cells. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2023; 10:e2304502. [PMID: 37807807 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202304502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Revised: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
Besides further improvement in the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of perovskite solar cells (PSC), their long-term stability must also be ensured. Additives such as organic cations with halide counter anions are considered promising candidates to address this challenge, conferring both higher performance and increased stability to perovskite-based devices. Here, a stabilizing additive (N,N-dimethylmethyleneiminium chloride, [Dmmim]Cl) is identified, and its effect on charge carrier mobility and lifetime under thermal stress in triple cation perovskite (Cs0.05 MA0.05 FA0.90 PbI3 ) thin films is investigated. To explore the fundamental mechanisms limiting charge carrier mobility, temperature-dependent microwave conductivity measurements are performed. Different mobility behaviors across two temperature regions are revealed, following the power law Tm , indicating two different dominant scattering mechanisms. The low-temperature region is assigned to charge carrier scattering with polar optical phonons, while a strong decrease in mobility at high temperatures is due to dynamic disorder. The results obtained rationalize the improved stability of the [Dmmim]Cl-doped films and devices compared to the undoped reference samples, by limiting temperature-activated mobile ions and retarding degradation of the perovskite film.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Dörflinger
- Experimental Physics 6, Julius Maximilian University of Würzburg, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Yong Ding
- Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, École Polytechnique Fedérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, 1015, Switzerland
| | - Valentin Schmid
- Experimental Physics 6, Julius Maximilian University of Würzburg, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Melina Armer
- Experimental Physics 6, Julius Maximilian University of Würzburg, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Roland C Turnell-Ritson
- Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, École Polytechnique Fedérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, 1015, Switzerland
| | - Bin Ding
- Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, École Polytechnique Fedérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, 1015, Switzerland
| | - Paul J Dyson
- Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, École Polytechnique Fedérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, 1015, Switzerland
| | - Mohammad Khaja Nazeeruddin
- Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, École Polytechnique Fedérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, 1015, Switzerland
| | - Vladimir Dyakonov
- Experimental Physics 6, Julius Maximilian University of Würzburg, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
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13
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Lai J, Zhu R, Tan J, Yang Z, Ye S. Stacking Arrangement and Orientation of Aromatic Cations Tune Bandgap and Charge Transport of 2D Organic-Inorganic Hybrid Perovskites. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2023; 19:e2303449. [PMID: 37495901 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202303449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Revised: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023]
Abstract
Chemical modifications on aromatic spacers of 2D perovskites have been demonstrated to be an effective strategy to simultaneously improve optoelectronic properties and stability. However, its underlying mechanism is poorly understood. By using 2D phenyl-based perovskites ([C6 H5 (CH2 )m NH3 ]2 PbI4 ) as models, the authors have revealed how the chemical nature of aromatic cations tunes the bandgap and charge transport of 2D perovskites by utilizing sum-frequency generation vibrational spectroscopy to determine the stacking arrangement and orientation of aromatic cations. It is found that the antiparallel slip-stack arrangement of phenyl rings between adjacent layers induces an indirect band gap, resulting in anomalous carrier dynamics. Incorporation of the CH2 moiety causes stacking rearrangement of the phenyl ring and thus promotes an indirect to direct bandgap transition. In direct-bandgap perovskites, higher carrier mobility correlates with a larger orientation angle of the phenyl ring. Further optimizing the orientation angle by introducing a para-substituted element in a phenyl ring, higher carrier mobility is obtained. This work highlights the importance of leveraging stacking arrangement and orientation of the aromatic cations to tune the photophysical properties, which opens up an avenue for advancing high-performance 2D perovskites optoelectronics via molecular engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Lai
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, China
| | - Renlong Zhu
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, China
| | - Junjun Tan
- Hefei National Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230088, China
| | - Zhe Yang
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, China
| | - Shuji Ye
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, China
- Hefei National Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230088, China
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14
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Dehnel J, Harchol A, Barak Y, Meir I, Horani F, Shapiro A, Strassberg R, de Mello Donegá C, Demir HV, Gamelin DR, Sharma K, Lifshitz E. Optically detected magnetic resonance spectroscopic analyses on the role of magnetic ions in colloidal nanocrystals. J Chem Phys 2023; 159:071001. [PMID: 37581419 DOI: 10.1063/5.0160787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Incorporating magnetic ions into semiconductor nanocrystals has emerged as a prominent research field for manipulating spin-related properties. The magnetic ions within the host semiconductor experience spin-exchange interactions with photogenerated carriers and are often involved in the recombination routes, stimulating special magneto-optical effects. The current account presents a comparative study, emphasizing the impact of engineering nanostructures and selecting magnetic ions in shaping carrier-magnetic ion interactions. Various host materials, including the II-VI group, halide perovskites, and I-III-VI2 in diverse structural configurations such as core/shell quantum dots, seeded nanorods, and nanoplatelets, incorporated with magnetic ions such as Mn2+, Ni2+, and Cu1+/2+ are highlighted. These materials have recently been investigated by us using state-of-the-art steady-state and transient optically detected magnetic resonance (ODMR) spectroscopy to explore individual spin-dynamics between the photogenerated carriers and magnetic ions and their dependence on morphology, location, crystal composition, and type of the magnetic ion. The information extracted from the analyses of the ODMR spectra in those studies exposes fundamental physical parameters, such as g-factors, exchange coupling constants, and hyperfine interactions, together providing insights into the nature of the carrier (electron, hole, dopant), its local surroundings (isotropic/anisotropic), and spin dynamics. The findings illuminate the importance of ODMR spectroscopy in advancing our understanding of the role of magnetic ions in semiconductor nanocrystals and offer valuable knowledge for designing magnetic materials intended for various spin-related technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Dehnel
- Schulich Faculty of Chemistry, Solid State Institute, Russell Berrie Nanotechnology Institute, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel
| | - Adi Harchol
- Schulich Faculty of Chemistry, Solid State Institute, Russell Berrie Nanotechnology Institute, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel
| | - Yahel Barak
- Schulich Faculty of Chemistry, Solid State Institute, Russell Berrie Nanotechnology Institute, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel
| | - Itay Meir
- Schulich Faculty of Chemistry, Solid State Institute, Russell Berrie Nanotechnology Institute, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel
| | - Faris Horani
- Schulich Faculty of Chemistry, Solid State Institute, Russell Berrie Nanotechnology Institute, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195-1700, USA
| | - Arthur Shapiro
- Schulich Faculty of Chemistry, Solid State Institute, Russell Berrie Nanotechnology Institute, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel
- Optical Materials Engineering Laboratory, Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering, ETH Zurich, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Rotem Strassberg
- Schulich Faculty of Chemistry, Solid State Institute, Russell Berrie Nanotechnology Institute, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel
| | - Celso de Mello Donegá
- Condensed Matter and Interfaces, Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science, Utrecht University, 3584 CC Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Hilmi Volkan Demir
- Luminous Center of Excellence for Semiconductor Lighting and Displays, TPI, School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University-NTU Singapore, 639798, Singapore
- Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Department of Physics, UNAM-Institute of Materials Science and Nanotechnology, Bilkent University, Ankara 06800, Türkiye
| | - Daniel R Gamelin
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195-1700, USA
| | - Kusha Sharma
- Schulich Faculty of Chemistry, Solid State Institute, Russell Berrie Nanotechnology Institute, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel
| | - Efrat Lifshitz
- Schulich Faculty of Chemistry, Solid State Institute, Russell Berrie Nanotechnology Institute, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel
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15
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Zhang Z, Zhang J, Liu ZJ, Dahod NS, Paritmongkol W, Brown N, Stollmann A, Lee WS, Chien YC, Dai Z, Nelson KA, Tisdale WA, Rappe AM, Baldini E. Discovery of enhanced lattice dynamics in a single-layered hybrid perovskite. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eadg4417. [PMID: 37585532 PMCID: PMC10431705 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adg4417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023]
Abstract
Layered hybrid perovskites exhibit emergent physical properties and exceptional functional performances, but the coexistence of lattice order and structural disorder severely hinders our understanding of these materials. One unsolved problem regards how the lattice dynamics are affected by the dimensional engineering of the inorganic frameworks and their interaction with the molecular moieties. Here, we address this question by using a combination of spontaneous Raman scattering, terahertz spectroscopy, and molecular dynamics simulations. This approach reveals the structural dynamics in and out of equilibrium and provides unexpected observables that differentiate single- and double-layered perovskites. While no distinct vibrational coherence is observed in double-layered perovskites, an off-resonant terahertz pulse can drive a long-lived coherent phonon mode in the single-layered system. This difference highlights the dramatic change in the lattice environment as the dimension is reduced, and the findings pave the way for ultrafast structural engineering and high-speed optical modulators based on layered perovskites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuquan Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Jiahao Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Zi-Jie Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Nabeel S. Dahod
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Watcharaphol Paritmongkol
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Niamh Brown
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Alexia Stollmann
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Woo Seok Lee
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Yu-Che Chien
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Zhenbang Dai
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Keith A. Nelson
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - William A. Tisdale
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Andrew M. Rappe
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Edoardo Baldini
- Department of Physics, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
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16
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Metcalf I, Sidhik S, Zhang H, Agrawal A, Persaud J, Hou J, Even J, Mohite AD. Synergy of 3D and 2D Perovskites for Durable, Efficient Solar Cells and Beyond. Chem Rev 2023; 123:9565-9652. [PMID: 37428563 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.3c00214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/11/2023]
Abstract
Three-dimensional (3D) organic-inorganic lead halide perovskites have emerged in the past few years as a promising material for low-cost, high-efficiency optoelectronic devices. Spurred by this recent interest, several subclasses of halide perovskites such as two-dimensional (2D) halide perovskites have begun to play a significant role in advancing the fundamental understanding of the structural, chemical, and physical properties of halide perovskites, which are technologically relevant. While the chemistry of these 2D materials is similar to that of the 3D halide perovskites, their layered structure with a hybrid organic-inorganic interface induces new emergent properties that can significantly or sometimes subtly be important. Synergistic properties can be realized in systems that combine different materials exhibiting different dimensionalities by exploiting their intrinsic compatibility. In many cases, the weaknesses of each material can be alleviated in heteroarchitectures. For example, 3D-2D halide perovskites can demonstrate novel behavior that neither material would be capable of separately. This review describes how the structural differences between 3D halide perovskites and 2D halide perovskites give rise to their disparate materials properties, discusses strategies for realizing mixed-dimensional systems of various architectures through solution-processing techniques, and presents a comprehensive outlook for the use of 3D-2D systems in solar cells. Finally, we investigate applications of 3D-2D systems beyond photovoltaics and offer our perspective on mixed-dimensional perovskite systems as semiconductor materials with unrivaled tunability, efficiency, and technologically relevant durability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isaac Metcalf
- Department of Materials Science and NanoEngineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | - Siraj Sidhik
- Department of Materials Science and NanoEngineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | - Hao Zhang
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
- Applied Physics Graduate Program, Smalley-Curl Institute, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | - Ayush Agrawal
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | - Jessica Persaud
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | - Jin Hou
- Department of Materials Science and NanoEngineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | - Jacky Even
- Université de Rennes, INSA Rennes, CNRS, Institut FOTON - UMR 6082, 35708 Rennes, France
| | - Aditya D Mohite
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
- Applied Physics Graduate Program, Smalley-Curl Institute, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
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17
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Xu D, Mandal A, Baxter JM, Cheng SW, Lee I, Su H, Liu S, Reichman DR, Delor M. Ultrafast imaging of polariton propagation and interactions. Nat Commun 2023; 14:3881. [PMID: 37391396 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-39550-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 07/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Semiconductor excitations can hybridize with cavity photons to form exciton-polaritons (EPs) with remarkable properties, including light-like energy flow combined with matter-like interactions. To fully harness these properties, EPs must retain ballistic, coherent transport despite matter-mediated interactions with lattice phonons. Here we develop a nonlinear momentum-resolved optical approach that directly images EPs in real space on femtosecond scales in a range of polaritonic architectures. We focus our analysis on EP propagation in layered halide perovskite microcavities. We reveal that EP-phonon interactions lead to a large renormalization of EP velocities at high excitonic fractions at room temperature. Despite these strong EP-phonon interactions, ballistic transport is maintained for up to half-exciton EPs, in agreement with quantum simulations of dynamic disorder shielding through light-matter hybridization. Above 50% excitonic character, rapid decoherence leads to diffusive transport. Our work provides a general framework to precisely balance EP coherence, velocity, and nonlinear interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ding Xu
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10027, US
| | - Arkajit Mandal
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10027, US
| | - James M Baxter
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10027, US
| | - Shan-Wen Cheng
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10027, US
| | - Inki Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10027, US
| | - Haowen Su
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10027, US
| | - Song Liu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10027, US
| | - David R Reichman
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10027, US.
| | - Milan Delor
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10027, US.
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18
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Fu J, Ramesh S, Melvin Lim JW, Sum TC. Carriers, Quasi-particles, and Collective Excitations in Halide Perovskites. Chem Rev 2023. [PMID: 37276018 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.2c00843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Halide perovskites (HPs) are potential game-changing materials for a broad spectrum of optoelectronic applications ranging from photovoltaics, light-emitting devices, lasers to radiation detectors, ferroelectrics, thermoelectrics, etc. Underpinning this spectacular expansion is their fascinating photophysics involving a complex interplay of carrier, lattice, and quasi-particle interactions spanning several temporal orders that give rise to their remarkable optical and electronic properties. Herein, we critically examine and distill their dynamical behavior, collective interactions, and underlying mechanisms in conjunction with the experimental approaches. This review aims to provide a unified photophysical picture fundamental to understanding the outstanding light-harvesting and light-emitting properties of HPs. The hotbed of carrier and quasi-particle interactions uncovered in HPs underscores the critical role of ultrafast spectroscopy and fundamental photophysics studies in advancing perovskite optoelectronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianhui Fu
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore 637371, Singapore
| | - Sankaran Ramesh
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore 637371, Singapore
- Energy Research Institute @NTU (ERI@N), Interdisciplinary Graduate School, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 637553, Singapore
| | - Jia Wei Melvin Lim
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore 637371, Singapore
- Energy Research Institute @NTU (ERI@N), Interdisciplinary Graduate School, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 637553, Singapore
| | - Tze Chien Sum
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore 637371, Singapore
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19
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Weinberg D, Park Y, Limmer DT, Rabani E. Size-Dependent Lattice Symmetry Breaking Determines the Exciton Fine Structure of Perovskite Nanocrystals. NANO LETTERS 2023. [PMID: 37229762 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.3c00861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The order of bright and dark excitonic states in lead-halide perovskite nanocrystals is debated. It has been proposed that the Rashba effect, driven by lattice-induced symmetry breaking, causes a bright excitonic ground state. Direct measurements of excitonic spectra, however, show the signatures of a dark ground state, bringing the role of the Rashba effect into question. We use an atomistic theory to model the exciton fine structure of perovskite nanocrystals, accounting for realistic lattice distortions. We calculate optical gaps and excitonic features that compare favorably with experimental works. The exciton fine structure splittings show a nonmonotonic size dependence due to a structural transition between cubic and orthorhombic phases. Additionally, the excitonic ground state is found to be dark with spin triplet character, exhibiting a small Rashba coupling. We additionally explore the effects of nanocrystal shape on the fine structure, clarifying observations on polydisperse nanocrystals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Weinberg
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Yoonjae Park
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - David T Limmer
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Kavli Energy NanoScience Institute, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Eran Rabani
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- The Raymond and Beverly Sackler Center of Computational Molecular and Materials Science, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
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20
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Zhang H, Zhang T, Wang Y, Chen Y, Zhao Y, Chen J. Lattice disorder influences the photocarrier dynamics in lead halide perovskites. MATERIALS HORIZONS 2023; 10:875-880. [PMID: 36651318 DOI: 10.1039/d2mh01212j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Revealing the structural impact of lead halide perovskites on photocarrier dynamics is essential for the associated solar cells but deficient in experimental visualization. In this study, with femtosecond spectroscopy, we for the first time explored the contribution of the disorder of the distorted PbX6 octahedrons and A-site cations on the carrier behaviours. It was found that photoinduced carriers recombine almost twice slower and diffuse 20% faster in the disordered, β-phased samples than in the ordered, γ-phased ones. Yet within the same phase, with a similar PbX6 orientation but various A-site mobility, the carrier diffusion and recombination have no apparent difference. Thus we firmly conclude that lattice disorder effectively influences the carrier dynamics and therein the Pb-X sublattice is worth more than A-site cations, which should inspire future lead halide perovskite design and applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haijuan Zhang
- Center for Ultrafast Science and Technology, Key Laboratory for Laser Plasmas (Ministry of Education), School of Physics and Astronomy, Collaborative Innovation Center of IFSA (CICIFSA), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China.
| | - Taiyang Zhang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China.
| | - Yong Wang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China.
| | - Yuetian Chen
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China.
| | - Yixin Zhao
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China.
| | - Jie Chen
- Center for Ultrafast Science and Technology, Key Laboratory for Laser Plasmas (Ministry of Education), School of Physics and Astronomy, Collaborative Innovation Center of IFSA (CICIFSA), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China.
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21
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Tsai H, Ghosh D, Kinigstein E, Dryzhakov B, Driscoll H, Owczarek M, Hu B, Zhang X, Tretiak S, Nie W. Light-Induced Structural Dynamics and Charge Transport in Layered Halide Perovskite Thin Films. NANO LETTERS 2023; 23:429-436. [PMID: 36603204 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.2c03403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The dynamic nature of the metal halide perovskite lattice upon photoexcitation plays a vital role in their properties. Here we report an observation of light-induced structure dynamics in quasi-2D Ruddlesden-Popper phase perovskite thin films and its impact on the carrier transport properties. By a time-resolved X-ray scattering technique, we observe a rapid lattice expansion upon photoexcitation, followed by a slow relaxation over the course of 100 ns in the dark. Theoretical modeling suggests that the expansion originates from the lattice's thermal fluctuations caused by photon energy deposition. Power dependent optical spectroscopy and photoconductivity indicate that high laser powers triggered a strong local structural disorder, which increased the charge dissociation activation energy that results in localized transport. Our study investigates the impact of laser energy deposition on the lattices and the subsequent carrier transport properties, that are relevant to device operations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsinhan Tsai
- Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico87545, United States
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California94720, United States
| | - Dibyajyoti Ghosh
- Theoretical Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico87545, United States
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi110016, India
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi110016, India
| | - Eli Kinigstein
- X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois60439, United States
| | - Bogdan Dryzhakov
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee37996, United States
| | - Honora Driscoll
- Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico87545, United States
| | - Magdalena Owczarek
- Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico87545, United States
| | - Bin Hu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee37996, United States
| | - Xiaoyi Zhang
- X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois60439, United States
| | - Sergei Tretiak
- Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico87545, United States
- Theoretical Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico87545, United States
| | - Wanyi Nie
- Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico87545, United States
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22
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Shi R, Fang Q, Vasenko AS, Long R, Fang WH, Prezhdo OV. Structural Disorder in Higher-Temperature Phases Increases Charge Carrier Lifetimes in Metal Halide Perovskites. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:19137-19149. [PMID: 36206144 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c08627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Solar cells and optoelectronic devices are exposed to heat that degrades performance. Therefore, elucidating temperature-dependent charge carrier dynamics is essential for device optimization. Charge carrier lifetimes decrease with temperature in conventional semiconductors. The opposite, anomalous trend is observed in some experiments performed with MAPbI3 (MA = CH3NH3+) and other metal halide perovskites. Using ab initio quantum dynamics simulation, we establish the atomic mechanisms responsible for nonradiative electron-hole recombination in orthorhombic-, tetragonal-, and cubic MAPbI3. We demonstrate that structural disorder arising from the phase transitions is as important as the disorder due to heating in the same phase. The carrier lifetimes grow both with increasing temperature in the same phase and upon transition to the higher-temperature phases. The increased lifetime is rationalized by structural disorder that induces partial charge localization, decreases nonadiabatic coupling, and shortens quantum coherence. Inelastic and elastic electron-vibrational interactions exhibit opposite dependence on temperature and phase. The partial disorder and localization arise from thermal motions of both the inorganic lattice and the organic cations and depend significantly on the phase. The structural deformations induced by thermal fluctuations and phase transitions are on the same order as deformations induced by defects, and hence, thermal disorder plays a very important role. Since charge localization increases carrier lifetimes but inhibits transport, an optimal regime maximizing carrier diffusion can be designed, depending on phase, temperature, material morphology, and device architecture. The atomistic mechanisms responsible for the enhanced carrier lifetimes at elevated temperatures provide guidelines for the design of improved solar energy and optoelectronic materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ran Shi
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical & Computational Photochemistry of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing100875, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiu Fang
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical & Computational Photochemistry of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing100875, People's Republic of China
| | | | - Run Long
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical & Computational Photochemistry of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing100875, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei-Hai Fang
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical & Computational Photochemistry of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing100875, People's Republic of China
| | - Oleg V Prezhdo
- Departments of Chemistry, and Physics and Astronomy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California90089, United States
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23
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Feng M, Ye S, Guo Y, Sum TC. Intrinsic Carrier Diffusion in Perovskite Thin Films Uncovered by Transient Reflectance Spectroscopy. NANO LETTERS 2022; 22:7195-7202. [PMID: 35976688 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.2c02511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Carrier diffusion and surface recombination are key processes influencing the performance of conventional semiconductor devices. However, the interplay of photon recycling together with these processes in halide perovskites obfuscates our understanding. Herein, we discern these inherent processes in a thin FAPbBr3 perovskite single crystal (PSC) utilizing a unique transient reflectance technique that allows accurate diffusion modeling with clear boundary conditions. Temperature-dependent measurements reveal the coexistence of shallow and deep traps at the surface. The inverse quadratic dependence of temperature on carrier mobility μ suggests an underlying scattering mechanism arising from the anharmonic deformation of the PbBr6 cage. Our findings ascertain the fundamental limits of the intrinsic surface recombination velocity (S) and carrier diffusion coefficient (D) in PSC samples. Importantly, these insights will help resolve the ongoing debate and clarify the ambiguity surrounding the contributions of photon recycling and carrier diffusion in perovskite optoelectronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minjun Feng
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore 637371, Singapore
| | - Senyun Ye
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore 637371, Singapore
| | - Yuanyuan Guo
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore 637371, Singapore
| | - Tze Chien Sum
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore 637371, Singapore
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24
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Alotaibi NH, Mustafa GM, Kattan NA, Mahmood Q, Albalawi H, Morsi M, Somaily H, Hafez MA, Mahmoud HI, Amin MA. DFT study of double perovskites Cs2AgBiX6 (X = Cl, Br): An alternative of hybrid perovskites. J SOLID STATE CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jssc.2022.123353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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25
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Park Y, Limmer DT. Renormalization of excitonic properties by polar phonons. J Chem Phys 2022; 157:104116. [DOI: 10.1063/5.0100738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
We employ quasiparticle path integral molecular dynamics to study how theexcitonic properties of model semiconductors are altered by electron-phononcoupling. We describe ways within a path integral representation of the systemto evaluate the renormalized mass, binding energy, and radiative recombinationrate of excitons in the presence of a fluctuating lattice. To illustrate thisapproach, we consider Fr\"ohlich-type electron-phonon interactions and employan imaginary time influence functional to incorporate phonon-induced effectswithout approximation. The effective mass and binding energies are comparedwith perturbative and variational approaches, which provide qualitativelyconsistent trends. We evaluate electron-hole recombination rates as mediatedthrough both trap-assisted and bimolecular processes, developing a consistentstatistical mechanical approach valid in the reaction limited regime. Thesecalculations demonstrate how phonons screen electron-hole interactions,generically reducing exciton binding energies and increasing their radiativelifetimes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoonjae Park
- University of California Berkeley Department of Chemistry, United States of America
| | - David T Limmer
- Chemistry, University of California Berkeley Department of Chemistry, United States of America
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26
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Gehrmann C, Caicedo‐Dávila S, Zhu X, Egger DA. Transversal Halide Motion Intensifies Band-To-Band Transitions in Halide Perovskites. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2022; 9:e2200706. [PMID: 35373927 PMCID: PMC9165501 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202200706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2022] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Despite their puzzling vibrational characteristics that include strong signatures of anharmonicity and thermal disorder already around room temperature, halide perovskites (HaPs) exhibit favorable optoelectronic properties for applications in photovoltaics and beyond. Whether these vibrational properties are advantageous or detrimental to their optoelectronic properties remains, however, an important open question. Here, this issue is addressed by investigation of the finite-temperature optoelectronic properties in the prototypical cubic CsPbBr3 , using first-principles molecular dynamics based on density-functional theory. It is shown that the dynamic flexibility associated with HaPs enables the so-called transversality, which manifests as a preference for large halide displacements perpendicular to the Pb-Br-Pb bonding axis. The authors find that transversality is concurrent with vibrational anharmonicity and leads to a rapid rise in the joint density of states, which is favorable for photovoltaics since this implies sharp optical absorption profiles. These findings are contrasted to the case of PbTe, a material that shares several key properties with CsPbBr3 but cannot exhibit any transversality and, hence, is found to exhibit much wider band-edge distributions. The authors conclude that the dynamic structural flexibility in HaPs and their unusual vibrational characteristics might not just be a mere coincidence, but play active roles in establishing their favorable optoelectronic properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Gehrmann
- Department of PhysicsTechnical University of MunichJames‐Franck‐Straße 1Garching85748Germany
| | | | - Xiangzhou Zhu
- Department of PhysicsTechnical University of MunichJames‐Franck‐Straße 1Garching85748Germany
| | - David A. Egger
- Department of PhysicsTechnical University of MunichJames‐Franck‐Straße 1Garching85748Germany
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27
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Zhu X, Caicedo-Dávila S, Gehrmann C, Egger DA. Probing the Disorder Inside the Cubic Unit Cell of Halide Perovskites from First-Principles. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:22973-22981. [PMID: 35446538 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c23099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Strong deviations in the finite temperature atomic structure of halide perovskites from their average geometry can have profound impacts on optoelectronic and other device-relevant properties. Detailed mechanistic understandings of these structural fluctuations and their consequences remain, however, limited by the experimental and theoretical challenges involved in characterizing strongly anharmonic vibrational characteristics and their impact on other properties. We overcome some of these challenges by a theoretical characterization of the vibrational interactions that occur among the atoms in the prototypical cubic CsPbBr3. Our investigation based on first-principles molecular dynamics calculations finds that the motions of neighboring Cs-Br atoms interlock, which appears as the most likely Cs-Br distance being significantly shorter than what is inferred from an ideal cubic structure. This form of dynamic Cs-Br coupling coincides with very shallow dynamic potential wells for Br motions that occur across a locally and dynamically disordered energy landscape. We reveal an interesting dynamic coupling mechanism among the atoms within the nominal unit cell of cubic CsPbBr3 and quantify the important local structural fluctuations on an atomic scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangzhou Zhu
- Department of Physics, Technical University of Munich, James-Franck-Strasse 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Sebastián Caicedo-Dávila
- Department of Physics, Technical University of Munich, James-Franck-Strasse 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Christian Gehrmann
- Department of Physics, Technical University of Munich, James-Franck-Strasse 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - David A Egger
- Department of Physics, Technical University of Munich, James-Franck-Strasse 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
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28
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Cohen A, Brenner TM, Klarbring J, Sharma R, Fabini DH, Korobko R, Nayak PK, Hellman O, Yaffe O. Diverging Expressions of Anharmonicity in Halide Perovskites. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2022; 34:e2107932. [PMID: 35076969 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202107932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Revised: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Lead-based halide perovskite crystals are shown to have strongly anharmonic structural dynamics. This behavior is important because it may be the origin of their exceptional photovoltaic properties. The double perovskite, Cs2 AgBiBr6 , has been recently studied as a lead-free alternative for optoelectronic applications. However, it does not exhibit the excellent photovoltaic activity of the lead-based halide perovskites. Therefore, to explore the correlation between the anharmonic structural dynamics and optoelectronic properties in lead-based halide perovskites, the structural dynamics of Cs2 AgBiBr6 are investigated and are compared to its lead-based analog, CsPbBr3 . Using temperature-dependent Raman measurements, it is found that both materials are indeed strongly anharmonic. Nonetheless, the expression of their anharmonic behavior is markedly different. Cs2 AgBiBr6 has well-defined normal modes throughout the measured temperature range, while CsPbBr3 exhibits a complete breakdown of the normal-mode picture above 200 K. It is suggested that the breakdown of the normal-mode picture implies that the average crystal structure may not be a proper starting point to understand the electronic properties of the crystal. In addition to our main findings, an unreported phase of Cs2 AgBiBr6 is also discovered below ≈37 K.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adi Cohen
- Department of Chemical and Biological Physics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 76100, Israel
| | - Thomas M Brenner
- Department of Chemical and Biological Physics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 76100, Israel
| | - Johan Klarbring
- Theoretical Physics Division, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology (IFM), Linköping University, Linköping, SE-581 83, Sweden
| | - Rituraj Sharma
- Department of Chemical and Biological Physics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 76100, Israel
| | - Douglas H Fabini
- Max Planck Institute for Solid State Research, 70569, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Roman Korobko
- Department of Chemical and Biological Physics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 76100, Israel
| | - Pabitra K Nayak
- Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Hyderabad, 500046, India
| | - Olle Hellman
- Theoretical Physics Division, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology (IFM), Linköping University, Linköping, SE-581 83, Sweden
| | - Omer Yaffe
- Department of Chemical and Biological Physics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 76100, Israel
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29
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Park Y, Obliger A, Limmer DT. Nonlocal Screening Dictates the Radiative Lifetimes of Excitations in Lead Halide Perovskites. NANO LETTERS 2022; 22:2398-2404. [PMID: 35234469 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.2c00077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
We use path integral molecular dynamics simulations and theory to elucidate the interactions between charge carriers, as mediated by a lead halide perovskite lattice. We find that the charge-lattice coupling of MAPbI3 results in a repulsive interaction between electrons and holes at intermediate distances. The effective interaction is understood using a Gaussian field theory, whereby the underlying soft, polar lattice contributes a nonlocal screening between quasiparticles. Path integral calculations of this nonlocal screening model are used to rationalize the small exciton binding energy and low radiative recombination rate observed experimentally and are compared to traditional Wannier-Mott and Fröhlich models, which fail to do so. These results clarify the origin of the high power conversion efficiencies in lead halide perovskites. Emergent repulsive electron-hole interactions provide a design principle for optimizing soft, polar semiconductors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoonjae Park
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Amael Obliger
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - David T Limmer
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Materials Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Kavli Energy NanoScience Institute, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
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30
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Photo-induced enhancement of lattice fluctuations in metal-halide perovskites. Nat Commun 2022; 13:1019. [PMID: 35197455 PMCID: PMC8866428 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-28532-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 01/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
The optoelectronic properties of metal-halide perovskites (MHPs) are affected by lattice fluctuations. Using ultrafast pump-probe spectroscopy, we demonstrate that in state-of-the-art mixed-cation MHPs ultrafast photo-induced bandgap narrowing occurs with a linear to super-linear dependence on the excited carrier density ranging from 1017 cm-3 to above 1018 cm-3. Time-domain terahertz spectroscopy reveals carrier localization increases with carrier density. Both observations, the anomalous dependence of the bandgap narrowing and the increased carrier localization can be rationalized by photo-induced lattice fluctuations. The magnitude of the photo-induced lattice fluctuations depends on the intrinsic instability of the MHP lattice. Our findings provide insight into ultrafast processes in MHPs following photoexcitation and thus help to develop a concise picture of the ultrafast photophysics of this important class of emerging semiconductors.
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31
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Dell’Angelo D, Momeni MR, Pearson S, Shakib FA. Modeling energy transfer and absorption spectra in layered metal–organic frameworks based on a Frenkel–Holstein Hamiltonian. J Chem Phys 2022; 156:044109. [DOI: 10.1063/5.0076640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- David Dell’Angelo
- Department of Chemistry and Environmental Science, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, New Jersey 07102, USA
| | - Mohammad R. Momeni
- Department of Chemistry and Environmental Science, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, New Jersey 07102, USA
| | - Shaina Pearson
- Department of Chemistry and Environmental Science, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, New Jersey 07102, USA
| | - Farnaz A. Shakib
- Department of Chemistry and Environmental Science, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, New Jersey 07102, USA
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32
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Rojas-Gatjens E, Silva-Acuña C, Kandada ARS. Peculiar anharmonicity of Ruddlesden Popper metal halides: temperature-dependent phonon dephasing. MATERIALS HORIZONS 2022; 9:492-499. [PMID: 34904992 DOI: 10.1039/d1mh01010g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The anharmonicity of the Ruddlesden Popper metal-halide lattice, and its consequences for their electronic and optical properties, are paramount in their basic semiconductor physics. It is thus critical to identify specific anharmonic optical phonons that govern their photophysics. Here, we address the nature of phonon-phonon scattering probabilities of the resonantly excited optical phonons that dress the electronic transitions in these materials. Based on the temperature dependence of the coherent phonon lifetimes, we isolate the dominant anharmonic phonon and quantify its phonon-phonon interaction strength. Intriguingly, we also observe that the anharmonicity is distinct for different phonons, with a few select modes exhibiting temperature-independent coherence lifetimes, indicating their predominantly harmonic nature. However, the population and dephasing dynamics of excitons are dominated by the anharmonic phonon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esteban Rojas-Gatjens
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, 901 Atlantic Drive, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, USA.
| | - Carlos Silva-Acuña
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, 901 Atlantic Drive, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, USA.
- School of Physics, Georgia Institute of Technology, 837 State Street, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, USA
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, North Avenue, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
| | - Ajay Ram Srimath Kandada
- Department of Physics and Center for Functional Materials, Wake Forest University, 1834 Wake Forest Road, Winston-Salem, NC 27109, USA.
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33
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Lanigan-Atkins T, He X, Krogstad MJ, Pajerowski DM, Abernathy DL, Xu GNMN, Xu Z, Chung DY, Kanatzidis MG, Rosenkranz S, Osborn R, Delaire O. Two-dimensional overdamped fluctuations of the soft perovskite lattice in CsPbBr 3. NATURE MATERIALS 2021; 20:977-983. [PMID: 33723420 DOI: 10.1038/s41563-021-00947-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Lead halide perovskites exhibit structural instabilities and large atomic fluctuations thought to impact their optical and thermal properties, yet detailed structural and temporal correlations of their atomic motions remain poorly understood. Here, these correlations are resolved in CsPbBr3 crystals using momentum-resolved neutron and X-ray scattering measurements as a function of temperature, complemented with first-principles simulations. We uncover a striking network of diffuse scattering rods, arising from the liquid-like damping of low-energy Br-dominated phonons, reproduced in our simulations of the anharmonic phonon self-energy. These overdamped modes cover a continuum of wave vectors along the edges of the cubic Brillouin zone, corresponding to two-dimensional sheets of correlated rotations in real space, and could represent precursors to proposed two-dimensional polarons. Further, these motions directly impact the electronic gap edge states, linking soft anharmonic lattice dynamics and optoelectronic properties. These results provide insights into the highly unusual atomic dynamics of halide perovskites, relevant to further optimization of their optical and thermal properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Lanigan-Atkins
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - X He
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - M J Krogstad
- Materials Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL, USA
| | - D M Pajerowski
- Neutron Scattering Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, USA
| | - D L Abernathy
- Neutron Scattering Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, USA
| | - Guangyong N M N Xu
- NIST Center for Neutron Research, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD, USA
| | - Zhijun Xu
- NIST Center for Neutron Research, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - D-Y Chung
- Materials Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL, USA
| | - M G Kanatzidis
- Materials Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - S Rosenkranz
- Materials Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL, USA
| | - R Osborn
- Materials Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL, USA.
| | - O Delaire
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA.
- Department of Physics and Department of Chemistry, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA.
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34
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Menahem M, Dai Z, Aharon S, Sharma R, Asher M, Diskin-Posner Y, Korobko R, Rappe AM, Yaffe O. Strongly Anharmonic Octahedral Tilting in Two-Dimensional Hybrid Halide Perovskites. ACS NANO 2021; 15:10153-10162. [PMID: 34003630 PMCID: PMC8223479 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.1c02022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Recent investigations of two-dimensional (2D) hybrid organic-inorganic halide perovskites (HHPs) indicate that their optical and electronic properties are dominated by strong coupling to thermal fluctuations. While the optical properties of 2D-HHPs have been extensively studied, a comprehensive understanding of electron-phonon interactions is limited because little is known about their structural dynamics. This is partially because the unit cells of 2D-HHPs contain many atoms. Therefore, the thermal fluctuations are complex and difficult to elucidate in detail. To overcome this challenge, we use polarization-orientation Raman spectroscopy and ab initio calculations to compare the structural dynamics of the prototypical 2D-HHPs [(BA)2PbI4 and (PhE)2PbI4] to their three-dimensional (3D) counterpart, MAPbI3. Comparison to the simpler, 3D MAPbI3 crystal shows clear similarities with the structural dynamics of (BA)2PbI4 and (PhE)2PbI4 across a wide temperature range. The analogy between the 3D and 2D crystals allows us to isolate the effect of the organic cation on the structural dynamics of the inorganic scaffold of the 2D-HHPs. Furthermore, using this approach, we uncover the mechanism of the order-disorder phase transition of (BA)2PbI4 (274 K) and show that it involves relaxation of octahedral tilting coupled to anharmonic thermal fluctuations. These anharmonic fluctuations are important because they induce charge carrier localization and affect the optoelectronic performance of these materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matan Menahem
- Department
of Chemical and Biological Physics, Weizmann
Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Zhenbang Dai
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6323, United States
| | - Sigalit Aharon
- Department
of Chemical and Biological Physics, Weizmann
Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Rituraj Sharma
- Department
of Chemical and Biological Physics, Weizmann
Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Maor Asher
- Department
of Chemical and Biological Physics, Weizmann
Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Yael Diskin-Posner
- Chemical
Research Support, Weizmann Institute of
Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Roman Korobko
- Department
of Chemical and Biological Physics, Weizmann
Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Andrew M. Rappe
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6323, United States
| | - Omer Yaffe
- Department
of Chemical and Biological Physics, Weizmann
Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
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35
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Li W, She Y, Vasenko AS, Prezhdo OV. Ab initio nonadiabatic molecular dynamics of charge carriers in metal halide perovskites. NANOSCALE 2021; 13:10239-10265. [PMID: 34031683 DOI: 10.1039/d1nr01990b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Photoinduced nonequilibrium processes in nanoscale materials play key roles in photovoltaic and photocatalytic applications. This review summarizes recent theoretical investigations of excited state dynamics in metal halide perovskites (MHPs), carried out using a state-of-the-art methodology combining nonadiabatic molecular dynamics with real-time time-dependent density functional theory. The simulations allow one to study evolution of charge carriers at the ab initio level and in the time-domain, in direct connection with time-resolved spectroscopy experiments. Eliminating the need for the common approximations, such as harmonic phonons, a choice of the reaction coordinate, weak electron-phonon coupling, a particular kinetic mechanism, and perturbative calculation of rate constants, we model full-dimensional quantum dynamics of electrons coupled to semiclassical vibrations. We study realistic aspects of material composition and structure and their influence on various nonequilibrium processes, including nonradiative trapping and relaxation of charge carriers, hot carrier cooling and luminescence, Auger-type charge-charge scattering, multiple excitons generation and recombination, charge and energy transfer between donor and acceptor materials, and charge recombination inside individual materials and across donor/acceptor interfaces. These phenomena are illustrated with representative materials and interfaces. Focus is placed on response to external perturbations, formation of point defects and their passivation, mixed stoichiometries, dopants, grain boundaries, and interfaces of MHPs with charge transport layers, and quantum confinement. In addition to bulk materials, perovskite quantum dots and 2D perovskites with different layer and spacer cation structures, edge passivation, and dielectric screening are discussed. The atomistic insights into excited state dynamics under realistic conditions provide the fundamental understanding needed for design of advanced solar energy and optoelectronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Li
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, People's Republic of China.
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36
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Abstract
Organic-inorganic layered perovskites, or Ruddlesden-Popper perovskites, are two-dimensional quantum wells with layers of lead-halide octahedra stacked between organic ligand barriers. The combination of their dielectric confinement and ionic sublattice results in excitonic excitations with substantial binding energies that are strongly coupled to the surrounding soft, polar lattice. However, the ligand environment in layered perovskites can significantly alter their optical properties due to the complex dynamic disorder of the soft perovskite lattice. Here, we infer dynamic disorder through phonon dephasing lifetimes initiated by resonant impulsive stimulated Raman photoexcitation followed by transient absorption probing for a variety of ligand substitutions. We demonstrate that vibrational relaxation in layered perovskite formed from flexible alkyl-amines as organic barriers is fast and relatively independent of the lattice temperature. Relaxation in layered perovskites spaced by aromatic amines is slower, although still fast relative to bulk inorganic lead bromide lattices, with a rate that is temperature dependent. Using molecular dynamics simulations, we explain the fast rates of relaxation by quantifying the large anharmonic coupling of the optical modes with the ligand layers and rationalize the temperature independence due to their amorphous packing. This work provides a molecular and time-domain depiction of the relaxation of nascent optical excitations and opens opportunities to understand how they couple to the complex layered perovskite lattice, elucidating design principles for optoelectronic devices.
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37
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Krotz A, Provazza J, Tempelaar R. A reciprocal-space formulation of mixed quantum-classical dynamics. J Chem Phys 2021; 154:224101. [PMID: 34241207 DOI: 10.1063/5.0053177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
We derive a formulation of mixed quantum-classical dynamics for modeling electronic carriers interacting with phonons in reciprocal space. For dispersionless phonons, we start by expressing the real-space classical coordinates in terms of complex variables. Taking these variables as a Fourier series then yields the reciprocal-space coordinates. Evaluating the electron-phonon interaction term through Ehrenfest's theorem, we arrive at a reciprocal-space formalism that is equivalent to mean-field mixed quantum-classical dynamics in real space. This equivalence is numerically verified for the Holstein and Peierls models, for which we find the reciprocal-space Hellmann-Feynman forces to involve momentum-derivative contributions in addition to the position-derivative terms commonly seen in real space. To illustrate the advantage of the reciprocal-space formulation, we present a proof of concept for the inexpensive modeling of low-momentum carriers interacting with phonons using a truncated reciprocal-space basis, which is not possible within a real-space formulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex Krotz
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, USA
| | - Justin Provazza
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, USA
| | - Roel Tempelaar
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, USA
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38
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Buizza LRV, Herz LM. Polarons and Charge Localization in Metal-Halide Semiconductors for Photovoltaic and Light-Emitting Devices. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2021; 33:e2007057. [PMID: 33955594 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202007057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Revised: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Metal-halide semiconductors have shown excellent performance in optoelectronic applications such as solar cells, light-emitting diodes, and detectors. In this review the role of charge-lattice interactions and polaron formation in a wide range of these promising materials, including perovskites, double perovskites, Ruddlesden-Popper layered perovskites, nanocrystals, vacancy-ordered, and other novel structures, is summarized. The formation of Fröhlich-type "large" polarons in archetypal bulk metal-halide ABX3 perovskites and its dependence on A-cation, B-metal, and X-halide composition, which is now relatively well understood, are discussed. It is found that, for nanostructured and novel metal-halide materials, a larger variation in the strengths of polaronic effects is reported across the literature, potentially deriving from variations in potential barriers and the presence of interfaces at which lattice relaxation may be enhanced. Such findings are further discussed in the context of different experimental approaches used to explore polaronic effects, cautioning that firm conclusions are often hampered by the presence of alternate processes and interactions giving rise to similar experimental signatures. Overall, a complete understanding of polaronic effects will prove essential given their direct influence on optoelectronic properties such as charge-carrier mobilities and emission spectra, which are critical to the performance of energy and optoelectronic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonardo R V Buizza
- Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Clarendon Laboratory, Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3PU, UK
| | - Laura M Herz
- Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Clarendon Laboratory, Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3PU, UK
- TUM Institute for Advanced Study (IAS), Lichtenbergstraße 2 a, Garching bei München, 85748, Germany
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39
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Cho Y, Greene SM, Berkelbach TC. Simulations of Trions and Biexcitons in Layered Hybrid Organic-Inorganic Lead Halide Perovskites. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2021; 126:216402. [PMID: 34114841 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.126.216402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2020] [Revised: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Behaving like atomically precise two-dimensional quantum wells with non-negligible dielectric contrast, the layered hybrid organic-inorganic lead halide perovskites (HOIPs) have strong electronic interactions leading to tightly bound excitons with binding energies on the order of 500 meV. These strong interactions suggest the possibility of larger excitonic complexes like trions and biexcitons, which are hard to study numerically due to the complexity of the layered HOIPs. Here, we propose and parametrize a model Hamiltonian for excitonic complexes in layered HOIPs and we study the correlated eigenfunctions of trions and biexcitons using a combination of diffusion Monte Carlo and very large variational calculations with explicitly correlated Gaussian basis functions. Binding energies and spatial structures of these complexes are presented as a function of the layer thickness. The trion and biexciton of the thinnest layered HOIP have binding energies of 35 and 44 meV, respectively, whereas a single exfoliated layer is predicted to have trions and biexcitons with equal binding energies of 48 meV. We compare our findings to available experimental data and to that of other quasi-two-dimensional materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeongsu Cho
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, USA
| | - Samuel M Greene
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, USA
| | - Timothy C Berkelbach
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, USA
- Center for Computational Quantum Physics, Flatiron Institute, New York, New York 10010, USA
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40
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Buizza LV, Wright AD, Longo G, Sansom HC, Xia CQ, Rosseinsky MJ, Johnston MB, Snaith HJ, Herz LM. Charge-Carrier Mobility and Localization in Semiconducting Cu 2AgBiI 6 for Photovoltaic Applications. ACS ENERGY LETTERS 2021; 6:1729-1739. [PMID: 34056108 PMCID: PMC8155390 DOI: 10.1021/acsenergylett.1c00458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Lead-free silver-bismuth semiconductors have become increasingly popular materials for optoelectronic applications, building upon the success of lead halide perovskites. In these materials, charge-lattice couplings fundamentally determine charge transport, critically affecting device performance. In this study, we investigate the optoelectronic properties of the recently discovered lead-free semiconductor Cu2AgBiI6 using temperature-dependent photoluminescence, absorption, and optical-pump terahertz-probe spectroscopy. We report ultrafast charge-carrier localization effects, evident from sharp THz photoconductivity decays occurring within a few picoseconds after excitation and a rise in intensity with decreasing temperature of long-lived, highly Stokes-shifted photoluminescence. We conclude that charge carriers in Cu2AgBiI6 are subject to strong charge-lattice coupling. However, such small polarons still exhibit mobilities in excess of 1 cm2 V-1 s-1 at room temperature because of low energetic barriers to formation and transport. Together with a low exciton binding energy of ∼29 meV and a direct band gap near 2.1 eV, these findings highlight Cu2AgBiI6 as an attractive lead-free material for photovoltaic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonardo
R. V. Buizza
- Department
of Physics, University of Oxford, Clarendon
Laboratory, Parks Road, Oxford, OX1
3PU, United Kingdom
| | - Adam D. Wright
- Department
of Physics, University of Oxford, Clarendon
Laboratory, Parks Road, Oxford, OX1
3PU, United Kingdom
| | - Giulia Longo
- Department
of Physics, University of Oxford, Clarendon
Laboratory, Parks Road, Oxford, OX1
3PU, United Kingdom
- Department
of Mathematics, Physics and Electrical Engineering, University of Northumbria, Ellison Place, Newcastle-Upon-Tyne, NE1 8ST, United Kingdom
| | - Harry C. Sansom
- Department
of Physics, University of Oxford, Clarendon
Laboratory, Parks Road, Oxford, OX1
3PU, United Kingdom
| | - Chelsea Q. Xia
- Department
of Physics, University of Oxford, Clarendon
Laboratory, Parks Road, Oxford, OX1
3PU, United Kingdom
| | - Matthew J. Rosseinsky
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, Crown Street, Liverpool, L69 7ZD, United
Kingdom
| | - Michael B. Johnston
- Department
of Physics, University of Oxford, Clarendon
Laboratory, Parks Road, Oxford, OX1
3PU, United Kingdom
| | - Henry J. Snaith
- Department
of Physics, University of Oxford, Clarendon
Laboratory, Parks Road, Oxford, OX1
3PU, United Kingdom
| | - Laura M. Herz
- Department
of Physics, University of Oxford, Clarendon
Laboratory, Parks Road, Oxford, OX1
3PU, United Kingdom
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41
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Xia C, Peng J, Poncé S, Patel JB, Wright AD, Crothers TW, Uller Rothmann M, Borchert J, Milot RL, Kraus H, Lin Q, Giustino F, Herz LM, Johnston MB. Limits to Electrical Mobility in Lead-Halide Perovskite Semiconductors. J Phys Chem Lett 2021; 12:3607-3617. [PMID: 33822630 PMCID: PMC8154852 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.1c00619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Semiconducting polycrystalline thin films are cheap to produce and can be deposited on flexible substrates, yet high-performance electronic devices usually utilize single-crystal semiconductors, owing to their superior charge-carrier mobilities and longer diffusion lengths. Here we show that the electrical performance of polycrystalline films of metal-halide perovskites (MHPs) approaches that of single crystals at room temperature. Combining temperature-dependent terahertz conductivity measurements and ab initio calculations we uncover a complete picture of the origins of charge-carrier scattering in single crystals and polycrystalline films of CH3NH3PbI3. We show that Fröhlich scattering of charge carriers with multiple phonon modes is the dominant mechanism limiting mobility, with grain-boundary scattering further reducing mobility in polycrystalline films. We reconcile the large discrepancy in charge-carrier diffusion lengths between single crystals and films by considering photon reabsorption. Thus, polycrystalline films of MHPs offer great promise for devices beyond solar cells, including light-emitting diodes and modulators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chelsea
Q. Xia
- Department
of Physics, University of Oxford, Clarendon
Laboratory, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PU, U.K.
| | - Jiali Peng
- Key
Lab of Artificial Micro- and Nano-Structures of Ministry of Education
of China, School of Physics and Technology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, P.R. China
| | - Samuel Poncé
- Department
of Materials, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PH, U.K.
- Theory
and Simulation of Materials (THEOS), École
Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Jay B. Patel
- Department
of Physics, University of Oxford, Clarendon
Laboratory, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PU, U.K.
| | - Adam D. Wright
- Department
of Physics, University of Oxford, Clarendon
Laboratory, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PU, U.K.
| | - Timothy W. Crothers
- Department
of Physics, University of Oxford, Clarendon
Laboratory, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PU, U.K.
| | - Mathias Uller Rothmann
- Department
of Physics, University of Oxford, Clarendon
Laboratory, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PU, U.K.
| | - Juliane Borchert
- Department
of Physics, University of Oxford, Clarendon
Laboratory, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PU, U.K.
| | - Rebecca L. Milot
- Department
of Physics, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, Coventry CV4 7AL, U.K.
| | - Hans Kraus
- Department
of Physics, University of Oxford, Denys Wilkinson Building, Keble
Road, Oxford OX1 3RH, U.K.
| | - Qianqian Lin
- Key
Lab of Artificial Micro- and Nano-Structures of Ministry of Education
of China, School of Physics and Technology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, P.R. China
| | - Feliciano Giustino
- Department
of Materials, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PH, U.K.
- Oden Institute
for Computational Engineering and Sciences, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
- Department
of Physics, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Laura M. Herz
- Department
of Physics, University of Oxford, Clarendon
Laboratory, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PU, U.K.
| | - Michael B. Johnston
- Department
of Physics, University of Oxford, Clarendon
Laboratory, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PU, U.K.
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42
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Ziegler JD, Zipfel J, Meisinger B, Menahem M, Zhu X, Taniguchi T, Watanabe K, Yaffe O, Egger DA, Chernikov A. Fast and Anomalous Exciton Diffusion in Two-Dimensional Hybrid Perovskites. NANO LETTERS 2020; 20:6674-6681. [PMID: 32786939 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.0c02472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Two-dimensional hybrid perovskites are currently in the spotlight of condensed matter and nanotechnology research due to their intriguing optoelectronic and vibrational properties with emerging potential for light-harvesting and light-emitting applications. While it is known that these natural quantum wells host tightly bound excitons, the mobilities of these fundamental optical excitations at the heart of the optoelectronic applications are barely explored. Here, we directly monitor the diffusion of excitons through ultrafast emission microscopy from liquid helium to room temperature in hBN-encapsulated two-dimensional hybrid perovskites. We find very fast diffusion with characteristic hallmarks of free exciton propagation for all temperatures above 50 K. In the cryogenic regime, we observe nonlinear, anomalous behavior with an exceptionally rapid expansion of the exciton cloud followed by a very slow and even negative effective diffusion. We discuss our findings in view of efficient exciton-phonon coupling, highlighting two-dimensional hybrids as promising platforms for basic research and optoelectronic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonas D Ziegler
- Department of Physics, University of Regensburg, Regensburg D-93053, Germany
| | - Jonas Zipfel
- Department of Physics, University of Regensburg, Regensburg D-93053, Germany
| | - Barbara Meisinger
- Department of Physics, University of Regensburg, Regensburg D-93053, Germany
| | - Matan Menahem
- Department of Materials and Interfaces, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Xiangzhou Zhu
- Department of Physics, Technical University of Munich, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Takashi Taniguchi
- International Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics, National Institute for Materials Science, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-004, Japan
| | - Kenji Watanabe
- Research Center for Functional Materials, National Institute for Materials Science, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-004, Japan
| | - Omer Yaffe
- Department of Materials and Interfaces, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - David A Egger
- Department of Physics, Technical University of Munich, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Alexey Chernikov
- Department of Physics, University of Regensburg, Regensburg D-93053, Germany
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43
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El-Ballouli A, Bakr OM, Mohammed OF. Structurally Tunable Two-Dimensional Layered Perovskites: From Confinement and Enhanced Charge Transport to Prolonged Hot Carrier Cooling Dynamics. J Phys Chem Lett 2020; 11:5705-5718. [PMID: 32574063 PMCID: PMC7467744 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.0c00359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Two-dimensional (2D) layered metal halide perovskites are potential alternatives to three-dimensional perovskites in optoelectronic applications owing to their improved photostabilities and chemical stabilities. Recent investigations of 2D metal halide perovskites have demonstrated interesting optical and electronic properties of various structures that are controlled by their elemental composition and organic spacers. However, photovoltaic devices that utilize 2D perovskites suffer from poor device efficiency due to inefficient charge carrier separation and extraction. In this Perspective, we shed light on confinement control and structural variation strategies that provide better parameters for the efficient collection of charges. The influence of these strategies on the exciton binding energies, charge-carrier mobilities, hot-carrier dynamics, and electron-phonon coupling in 2D perovskites is thoroughly discussed; these parameters highlight unique opportunities for further system optimization. Beyond the tunability of these fundamental parameters, we conclude this Perspective with the most notable strategies for attaining 2D perovskites with reduced bandgaps to better suit photovoltaic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ala’a
O. El-Ballouli
- College
of Science and Health Professions, King
Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh 11481, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
- King
Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Riyadh 11426, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
- Ministry
of the National Guard - Health Affairs, Riyadh 14611, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Osman M. Bakr
- King
Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Division of Physical Sciences and Engineering, Thuwal 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi
Arabia
| | - Omar F. Mohammed
- King
Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Division of Physical Sciences and Engineering, Thuwal 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi
Arabia
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44
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Thongnum A, Pinsook U. Polaron transport in hybrid CH 3NH 3PbI 3 perovskite thin films. NANOSCALE 2020; 12:14112-14119. [PMID: 32597440 DOI: 10.1039/d0nr03432k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
A comprehensive study of the transport properties of a prototypical CH3NH3PbI3 thin film is presented. The polaron-longitudinal optical (LO) phonon scattering mechanism, based on Low-Pines's polaron mobility, was studied to elucidate the charge-carrier mobility. We found that the calculated mobilities showed very good quantitative agreement with the experimental data measured in thin film samples using photoconductivity techniques. In THz mobility, the calculated results yielded room-temperature (RT) mobilities of ∼650 cm2 V-1 s-1 (single crystal) and ∼220 cm2 V-1 s-1 (disordered thin film) at a low quantum yield (φ) and 32 cm2 V-1 s-1 (high-quality thin film) at φ = 1. The dynamic disorder due to organic reorientation was included in the calculations. Its effect provided a power law mobility of μ ∝ Tm and satisfactorily supported temperature-dependent mobility over the temperature range of 80-370 K. In the orthorhombic and tetragonal phases, the charge-carrier mobilities with dynamic disorder were approximately 47% and 22% lower than those obtained from phases without dynamic disorder. The RT mobility was 26 cm2 V-1 s-1 at φ = 1. In the low-temperature orthorhombic phase, the structural phase transition was considered. The mobility followed a power law with m = -1.7. In the tetragonal and cubic phases, the mobility also followed a power law, but with m = -1.1, which is an intermediate range in optical phonon scattering. When combined with recent theoretical analysis, we also found three limitations of power law mobility with exponents between -0.46 and -1.1 for polaron-LO phonon scattering, -1.2 and -1.6 for bare carrier-LO phonon scattering, and -1.7 and -2.0 for carrier scattering off optical phonons and lattice fluctuations. This work not only provides a description of temperature-dependent mobility in CH3NH3PbI3 thin films, but also gives new insights into THz photoconductivity and the relationship between LO phonon scattering and power law mobility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anusit Thongnum
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Srinakharinwirot University, Bangkok 10110, Thailand. and Thailand Center of Excellence in Physics, Commission on Higher Education, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Udomsilp Pinsook
- Thailand Center of Excellence in Physics, Commission on Higher Education, Bangkok 10400, Thailand and Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10300, Thailand
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45
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Limmer DT, Ginsberg NS. Photoinduced phase separation in the lead halides is a polaronic effect. J Chem Phys 2020; 152:230901. [PMID: 32571034 DOI: 10.1063/1.5144291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
We present a perspective on recent observations of the photoinduced phase separation of halides in multi-component lead-halide perovskites. The spontaneous phase separation of an initial homogeneous solid solution under steady-state illumination conditions is found experimentally to be reversible, stochastic, weakly dependent on morphology, yet strongly dependent on composition and thermodynamic state. Regions enriched in a specific halide species that form upon phase separation are self-limiting in size, pinned to specific compositions, and grow in number in proportion to the steady-state carrier concentration until saturation. These empirical observations of robustness rule out explanations based on specific defect structures and point to the local modulation of an existing miscibility phase transition in the presence of excess charge carriers. A model for rationalizing existing observations based on the coupling between composition, strain, and charge density fluctuations through the formation of polarons is reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- David T Limmer
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Naomi S Ginsberg
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
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46
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Munson KT, Swartzfager JR, Gan J, Asbury JB. Does Dipolar Motion of Organic Cations Affect Polaron Dynamics and Bimolecular Recombination in Halide Perovskites? J Phys Chem Lett 2020; 11:3166-3172. [PMID: 32243757 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.0c00762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The role of dipolar motion of organic cations in the A-sites of halide perovskites has been debated in an effort to understand why these materials possess such remarkable properties. Here, we show that the dipolar motion of cations such as methylammonium (MA) or formamidinium (FA) versus cesium (Cs) does not influence large polaron binding energies, delocalization lengths, formation times, or bimolecular recombination lifetimes in lead bromide perovskites containing only one type of A-site cation. We directly probe the transient absorption spectra of large polarons throughout the entire mid-infrared and resolve their dynamics on time scales from sub-100 fs to sub-μs using time-resolved mid-infrared spectroscopy. Our findings suggest that the improved optoelectronic properties reported of halide perovskites with mixed A-site cations may result from synergy among the cations and how their mixture modulates the structure and dynamics of the inorganic lattice rather than from the dipolar properties of the cations themselves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyle T Munson
- Department of Chemistry, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - John R Swartzfager
- Department of Chemistry, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Jianing Gan
- Department of Chemistry, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - John B Asbury
- Department of Chemistry, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
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47
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Ghosh D, Neukirch AJ, Tretiak S. Optoelectronic Properties of Two-Dimensional Bromide Perovskites: Influences of Spacer Cations. J Phys Chem Lett 2020; 11:2955-2964. [PMID: 32208726 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.0c00594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Two-dimensional (2D) halide perovskites have displayed unique emission properties, making them potential candidates for next-generation light-emitting devices. Here, we combine nonadiabatic molecular dynamics and time-domain density functional theory to investigate the fundamental mechanisms of carrier recombination processes. Considering monolayer bromide perovskites with dissimilar organic spacer molecules, n-butylammonium (BA) and phenylethylammonium (PEA) cations, we find a strong correlation between temperature-induced structural fluctuations and nonradiative carrier recombination rates in these materials. The more flexible geometry of (BA)2PbBr4 compared to that of (PEA)2PbBr4, results in faster electron-hole recombination and shorter carrier lifetime, diminishing the photoluminescence quantum yield for softer 2D perovskites. Reduced structural fluctuations in relatively rigid (PEA)2PbBr4 not only indicate of a longer carrier lifetime but also suggest a narrower emission line width, implying a higher purity of the emitted light. Our ab initio modeling of excited state properties in 2D perovskites conveys material designing strategies to fine-tune perovskite emissions for solid-state lighting applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dibyajyoti Ghosh
- Theoretical Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, United States
- Center for Nonlinear Studies, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, United States
| | - Amanda J Neukirch
- Theoretical Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, United States
| | - Sergei Tretiak
- Theoretical Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, United States
- Center for Nonlinear Studies, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, United States
- Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, United States
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48
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McClintock L, Xiao R, Hou Y, Gibson C, Travaglini HC, Abramovitch D, Tan LZ, Senger RT, Fu Y, Jin S, Yu D. Temperature and Gate Dependence of Carrier Diffusion in Single Crystal Methylammonium Lead Iodide Perovskite Microstructures. J Phys Chem Lett 2020; 11:1000-1006. [PMID: 31958953 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.9b03643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
We investigate temperature-dependent photogenerated carrier diffusion in single-crystal methylammonium lead iodide microstuctures via scanning photocurrent microscopy. Carrier diffusion lengths increased abruptly across the tetragonal to orthorhombic phase transition and reached 200 ± 50 μm at 80 K. In combination with the microsecond carrier lifetime measured by a transient photocurrent method, an enormous carrier mobility value of 3 × 104 cm2/V s was extracted at 80 K. The observed highly nonlocal photocurrent and the rapid increase of the carrier diffusion length at low temperatures can be understood by the formation and efficient transport of free excitons in the orthorhombic phase as a result of reduced optical phonon scattering due to the dipolar nature of the excitons. Carrier diffusion lengths were tuned by a factor of 8 by gate voltage and increased with increasing majority carrier (electron) concentration, consistent with the exciton model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luke McClintock
- Department of Physics , University of California-Davis , One Shields Avenue , Davis , California 95616 , United States
| | - Rui Xiao
- Department of Physics , University of California-Davis , One Shields Avenue , Davis , California 95616 , United States
| | - Yasen Hou
- Department of Physics , University of California-Davis , One Shields Avenue , Davis , California 95616 , United States
| | - Clinton Gibson
- Department of Physics , University of California-Davis , One Shields Avenue , Davis , California 95616 , United States
| | - Henry Clark Travaglini
- Department of Physics , University of California-Davis , One Shields Avenue , Davis , California 95616 , United States
| | - David Abramovitch
- Department of Physics , University of California-Berkeley , 366 LeConte Hall , Berkeley , California 94720 , United States
- Molecular Foundry , Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory , 67 Cyclotron Road , Berkeley , California 94720 , United States
| | - Liang Z Tan
- Molecular Foundry , Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory , 67 Cyclotron Road , Berkeley , California 94720 , United States
| | | | - Yongping Fu
- Department of Chemistry , University of Wisconsin-Madison , 1101 University Avenue , Madison , Wisconsin 53706 , United States
| | - Song Jin
- Department of Chemistry , University of Wisconsin-Madison , 1101 University Avenue , Madison , Wisconsin 53706 , United States
| | - Dong Yu
- Department of Physics , University of California-Davis , One Shields Avenue , Davis , California 95616 , United States
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Cho Y, Berkelbach TC. Optical Properties of Layered Hybrid Organic-Inorganic Halide Perovskites: A Tight-Binding GW-BSE Study. J Phys Chem Lett 2019; 10:6189-6196. [PMID: 31560556 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.9b02491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
We present a many-body calculation of the band structure and optical spectrum of the layered hybrid organic-inorganic halide perovskites in the Ruddlesden-Popper phase with the general formula A2'An-1MnX3n+1, where n controls the thickness of the primarily inorganic perovskite layers. We calculate the mean-field band structure with spin-orbit coupling, quasi-particle corrections within the GW approximation, and optical spectra using the Bethe-Salpeter equation. The model is parametrized by first-principles calculations and classical electrostatic screening, enabling an accurate but cost-effective study of large unit cells and corresponding n-dependent properties. A transition of the electronic and optical properties from quasi-two-dimensional behavior to three-dimensional behavior is shown for increasing n, and the nonhydrogenic character of the excitonic Rydberg series is analyzed. For methylammonium lead iodide perovskites with butylammonium spacers, our n-dependent 1s and 2s exciton energy levels are in good agreement with those from recently reported experiments, and the 1s exciton binding energy is calculated to be 302 meV for n = 1, 97 meV for n = 5, and 37 meV for n = ∞ (bulk MAPbI3). A calculation for an exfoliated n = 1 bilayer predicts a very large 1s exciton binding energy of 444 meV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeongsu Cho
- Department of Chemistry and James Franck Institute , University of Chicago , Chicago , Illinois 60637 , United States
| | - Timothy C Berkelbach
- Department of Chemistry , Columbia University , New York , New York 10027 , United States
- Center for Computational Quantum Physics , Flatiron Institute , New York , New York 10010 , United States
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50
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Nguyen XT, Timmer D, Rakita Y, Cahen D, Steinhoff A, Jahnke F, Lienau C, De Sio A. Ultrafast Charge Carrier Relaxation in Inorganic Halide Perovskite Single Crystals Probed by Two-Dimensional Electronic Spectroscopy. J Phys Chem Lett 2019; 10:5414-5421. [PMID: 31449755 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.9b01936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Halide perovskites are promising optoelectronic materials. Despite impressive device performance, especially in photovoltaics, the femtosecond dynamics of elementary optical excitations and their interactions are still debated. Here we combine ultrafast two-dimensional electronic spectroscopy (2DES) and semiconductor Bloch equations (SBEs) to probe the room-temperature dynamics of nonequilibrium excitations in CsPbBr3 crystals. Experimentally, we distinguish between excitonic and free-carrier transitions, extracting a ∼30 meV exciton binding energy, in agreement with our SBE calculations and with recent experimental studies. The 2DES dynamics indicate remarkably short, <30 fs carrier relaxation at a ∼3 meV/fs rate, much faster than previously anticipated for this material, but similar to that in direct band gap semiconductors such as GaAs. Dynamic screening of excitons by free carriers also develops on a similarly fast <30 fs time scale, emphasizing the role of carrier-carrier interactions for this material's optical properties. Our results suggest that strong electron-phonon couplings lead to ultrafast relaxation of charge carriers, which, in turn may limit halide perovskites' carrier mobilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Trung Nguyen
- Institut für Physik , Carl von Ossietzky Universität , 26129 Oldenburg , Germany
| | - Daniel Timmer
- Institut für Physik , Carl von Ossietzky Universität , 26129 Oldenburg , Germany
| | - Yevgeny Rakita
- Department of Materials & Interfaces , Weizmann Institute of Science , Rehovot 76100 , Israel
| | - David Cahen
- Department of Materials & Interfaces , Weizmann Institute of Science , Rehovot 76100 , Israel
| | - Alexander Steinhoff
- Institut für Theoretische Physik , Universität Bremen , 28359 Bremen , Germany
| | - Frank Jahnke
- Institut für Theoretische Physik , Universität Bremen , 28359 Bremen , Germany
| | - Christoph Lienau
- Institut für Physik , Carl von Ossietzky Universität , 26129 Oldenburg , Germany
| | - Antonietta De Sio
- Institut für Physik , Carl von Ossietzky Universität , 26129 Oldenburg , Germany
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