1
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Hong JH, Lee JY, Dutta A, Yoon SL, Cho YU, Kim K, Kang K, Kim HW, Kim DH, Park J, Cho M, Kim K, An JB, Lee HL, Hwang D, Kim HJ, Ha Y, Lee HY, Cheng H, Yu KJ. Monolayer, open-mesh, pristine PEDOT:PSS-based conformal brain implants for fully MRI-compatible neural interfaces. Biosens Bioelectron 2024; 260:116446. [PMID: 38820722 PMCID: PMC11216815 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2024.116446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2024] [Revised: 05/13/2024] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 06/02/2024]
Abstract
Understanding brain function is essential for advancing our comprehension of human cognition, behavior, and neurological disorders. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) stands out as a powerful tool for exploring brain function, providing detailed insights into its structure and physiology. Combining MRI technology with electrophysiological recording system can enhance the comprehension of brain functionality through synergistic effects. However, the integration of neural implants with MRI technology presents challenges because of its strong electromagnetic (EM) energy during MRI scans. Therefore, MRI-compatible neural implants should facilitate detailed investigation of neural activities and brain functions in real-time in high resolution, without compromising patient safety and imaging quality. Here, we introduce the fully MRI-compatible monolayer open-mesh pristine PEDOT:PSS neural interface. This approach addresses the challenges encountered while using traditional metal-based electrodes in the MRI environment such as induced heat or imaging artifacts. PEDOT:PSS has a diamagnetic property with low electrical conductivity and negative magnetic susceptibility similar to human tissues. Furthermore, by adopting the optimized open-mesh structure, the induced currents generated by EM energy are significantly diminished, leading to optimized MRI compatibility. Through simulations and experiments, our PEDOT:PSS-based open-mesh electrodes showed improved performance in reducing heat generation and eliminating imaging artifacts in an MRI environment. The electrophysiological recording capability was also validated by measuring the local field potential (LFP) from the somatosensory cortex with an in vivo experiment. The development of neural implants with maximized MRI compatibility indicates the possibility of potential tools for future neural diagnostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung-Hoon Hong
- Functional Bio-integrated Electronics and Energy Management Lab, School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, 03722, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ju Young Lee
- Functional Bio-integrated Electronics and Energy Management Lab, School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, 03722, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ankan Dutta
- Department of Engineering Science and Mechanics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, 16802, State College, PA, USA; Center for Neural Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, 16802, State College, PA, USA
| | - Sol Lip Yoon
- Spine & Spinal Cord Institute, Department of Neurosurgery, College of Medicine, Yonsei University, 03722, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Uk Cho
- Functional Bio-integrated Electronics and Energy Management Lab, School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, 03722, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Center for Emergent Matter Science (CEMS), RIKEN, The Institute of Physical and Chemical Research, 351-0198, Saitama, Japan
| | - Kyubeen Kim
- Functional Bio-integrated Electronics and Energy Management Lab, School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, 03722, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyowon Kang
- Functional Bio-integrated Electronics and Energy Management Lab, School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, 03722, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Woo Kim
- Functional Bio-integrated Electronics and Energy Management Lab, School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, 03722, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae-Hee Kim
- Avison Biomedical Research Center, College of Medicine, Yonsei University, 50-1 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, 03722, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaejin Park
- Functional Bio-integrated Electronics and Energy Management Lab, School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, 03722, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Myeongki Cho
- Functional Bio-integrated Electronics and Energy Management Lab, School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, 03722, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kiho Kim
- Functional Bio-integrated Electronics and Energy Management Lab, School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, 03722, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Bin An
- Electronic Device Laboratory, School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, 03722, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye-Lan Lee
- Spine & Spinal Cord Institute, Department of Neurosurgery, College of Medicine, Yonsei University, 03722, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Dosik Hwang
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, 03722, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Jae Kim
- Electronic Device Laboratory, School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, 03722, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoon Ha
- Spine & Spinal Cord Institute, Department of Neurosurgery, College of Medicine, Yonsei University, 03722, Seoul, Republic of Korea; POSTECH Biotech Center, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), 37673, Pohang, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye Yeong Lee
- Spine & Spinal Cord Institute, Department of Neurosurgery, College of Medicine, Yonsei University, 03722, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - Huanyu Cheng
- Department of Engineering Science and Mechanics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, 16802, State College, PA, USA; Center for Neural Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, 16802, State College, PA, USA.
| | - Ki Jun Yu
- Functional Bio-integrated Electronics and Energy Management Lab, School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, 03722, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, YU-Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST) Institute, Yonsei University, 50, Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, 03722, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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2
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Bi L, Garg R, Noriega N, Wang RJ, Kim H, Vorotilo K, Burrell JC, Shuck CE, Vitale F, Patel BA, Gogotsi Y. Soft, Multifunctional MXene-Coated Fiber Microelectrodes for Biointerfacing. ACS NANO 2024; 18:23217-23231. [PMID: 39141004 PMCID: PMC11363215 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.4c05797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2024] [Revised: 07/29/2024] [Accepted: 08/01/2024] [Indexed: 08/15/2024]
Abstract
Flexible fiber-based microelectrodes allow safe and chronic investigation and modulation of electrically active cells and tissues. Compared to planar electrodes, they enhance targeting precision while minimizing side effects from the device-tissue mechanical mismatch. However, the current manufacturing methods face scalability, reproducibility, and handling challenges, hindering large-scale deployment. Furthermore, only a few designs can record electrical and biochemical signals necessary for understanding and interacting with complex biological systems. In this study, we present a method that utilizes the electrical conductivity and easy processability of MXenes, a diverse family of two-dimensional nanomaterials, to apply a thin layer of MXene coating continuously to commercial nylon filaments (30-300 μm in diameter) at a rapid speed (up to 15 mm/s), achieving a linear resistance below 10 Ω/cm. The MXene-coated filaments are then batch-processed into free-standing fiber microelectrodes with excellent flexibility, durability, and consistent performance even when knotted. We demonstrate the electrochemical properties of these fiber electrodes and their hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) sensing capability and showcase their applications in vivo (rodent) and ex vivo (bladder tissue). This scalable process fabricates high-performance microfiber electrodes that can be easily customized and deployed in diverse bioelectronic monitoring and stimulation studies, contributing to a deeper understanding of health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingyi Bi
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering and A. J. Drexel Nanomaterials
Institute, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Raghav Garg
- Department
of Neurology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Natalia Noriega
- School
of Applied Sciences, University of Brighton, Brighton BN2 4AT, U.K.
| | - Ruocun John Wang
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering and A. J. Drexel Nanomaterials
Institute, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Hyunho Kim
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering and A. J. Drexel Nanomaterials
Institute, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Kseniia Vorotilo
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering and A. J. Drexel Nanomaterials
Institute, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Justin C. Burrell
- Department
of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery & Pharmacology, University of Pennsylvania School of Dental Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Christopher E. Shuck
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering and A. J. Drexel Nanomaterials
Institute, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Flavia Vitale
- Department
of Neurology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
- Department
of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
- Department
of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Bhavik Anil Patel
- School
of Applied Sciences, University of Brighton, Brighton BN2 4AT, U.K.
| | - Yury Gogotsi
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering and A. J. Drexel Nanomaterials
Institute, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
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3
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Liu Y, Jia H, Sun H, Jia S, Yang Z, Li A, Jiang A, Naya Y, Yang C, Xue S, Li X, Chen B, Zhu J, Zhou C, Li M, Duan X. A high-density 1,024-channel probe for brain-wide recordings in non-human primates. Nat Neurosci 2024; 27:1620-1631. [PMID: 38914829 DOI: 10.1038/s41593-024-01692-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/26/2024]
Abstract
Large-scale neural population recordings with single-cell resolution across the primate brain remain challenging. Here we introduce the Neuroscroll probe that isolates single neuronal activities simultaneously from 1,024 densely spaced channels that are flexibly distributed across the shank of the probe. The Neuroscroll probe length is easily tunable for individual probes from 10 mm to 90 mm, covering the brain size of non-human primates and humans, and the probes remain intact and functional after repeated bending deformations. The Neuroscroll probes provided reliable recordings from large neural populations with high chronic stability up to 105 weeks in rats. Recording with each Neuroscroll probe yielded hundreds of well-isolated single units simultaneously from multiple brain regions distributed across the entire depth of the rhesus macaque brain. With the thousand simultaneously recorded channels, unprecedented probe length, excellent mechanical stability and flexible recording site distribution, the Neuroscroll probes enable a wide range of new experimental paradigms in system neuroscience studies with great versatility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Liu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Future Technology, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Huilin Jia
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Future Technology, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Hongji Sun
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Future Technology, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Shengyi Jia
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Future Technology, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Ziqian Yang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Future Technology, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Ao Li
- School of Psychological and Cognitive Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Anqi Jiang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Future Technology, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yuji Naya
- School of Psychological and Cognitive Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
- PKU-IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Key Laboratory of Behavioral and Mental Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Cen Yang
- School of Psychological and Cognitive Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Shengyuan Xue
- School of Psychological and Cognitive Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaojian Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Brain Connectome and Manipulation, Brain Cognition and Brain Disease Institute (BCBDI), Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Shenzhen-Hong Kong Institute of Brain Science-Shenzhen Fundamental Research Institutions, Shenzhen, China
| | - Bingyan Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Brain Connectome and Manipulation, Brain Cognition and Brain Disease Institute (BCBDI), Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Shenzhen-Hong Kong Institute of Brain Science-Shenzhen Fundamental Research Institutions, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jingjun Zhu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Future Technology, Peking University, Beijing, China
- National Biomedical Imaging Centre, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Chenghao Zhou
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Future Technology, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Minning Li
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Future Technology, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaojie Duan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Future Technology, Peking University, Beijing, China.
- Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing, China.
- National Biomedical Imaging Centre, Peking University, Beijing, China.
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4
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Jeon W, Lee JM, Kim Y, Lee Y, Won J, Lee S, Son W, Koo YH, Hong JW, Gwac H, Joo J, Kim SJ, Choi C, Park S. Structurally Aligned Multifunctional Neural Probe (SAMP) Using Forest-Drawn CNT Sheet onto Thermally Drawn Polymer Fiber for Long-Term In Vivo Operation. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2313625. [PMID: 38552258 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202313625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Revised: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
Neural probe engineering is a dynamic field, driving innovation in neuroscience and addressing scientific and medical demands. Recent advancements involve integrating nanomaterials to improve performance, aiming for sustained in vivo functionality. However, challenges persist due to size, stiffness, complexity, and manufacturing intricacies. To address these issues, a neural interface utilizing freestanding CNT-sheets drawn from CNT-forests integrated onto thermally drawn functional polymer fibers is proposed. This approach yields a device with structural alignment, resulting in exceptional electrical, mechanical, and electrochemical properties while retaining biocompatibility for prolonged periods of implantation. This Structurally Aligned Multifunctional neural Probe (SAMP) employing forest-drawn CNT sheets demonstrates in vivo capabilities in neural recording, neurotransmitter detection, and brain/spinal cord circuit manipulation via optogenetics, maintaining functionality for over a year post-implantation. The straightforward fabrication method's versatility, coupled with the device's functional reliability, underscores the significance of this technique in the next-generation carbon-based implants. Moreover, the device's longevity and multifunctionality position it as a promising platform for long-term neuroscience research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Woojin Jeon
- Department of Bio and Brain Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Myeong Lee
- Department of Electronic Engineering and Biomedical Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763, Republic of Korea
- Center for Self-Powered Actuation, Department of Electronic Engineering and Biomedical Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeji Kim
- Department of Bio and Brain Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Yunheum Lee
- Department of Bio and Brain Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Joonhee Won
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Somin Lee
- Program of Brain and Cognitive Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Wonkyeong Son
- Department of Energy Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Hoe Koo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Won Hong
- Program of Brain and Cognitive Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Hocheol Gwac
- Center for Self-Powered Actuation, Department of Electronic Engineering and Biomedical Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinmyoung Joo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Seon Jeong Kim
- Center for Self-Powered Actuation, Department of Electronic Engineering and Biomedical Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Changsoon Choi
- Department of Electronic Engineering and Biomedical Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Seongjun Park
- Department of Bio and Brain Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
- KAIST Institute for NanoCentury (KINC), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
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5
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Kim M, Lee H, Nam S, Kim DH, Cha GD. Soft Bioelectronics Using Nanomaterials and Nanostructures for Neuroengineering. Acc Chem Res 2024; 57:1633-1647. [PMID: 38752397 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.4c00163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2024]
Abstract
The identification of neural networks for large areas and the regulation of neuronal activity at the single-neuron scale have garnered considerable attention in neuroscience. In addition, detecting biochemical molecules and electrically, optically, and chemically controlling neural functions are key research issues. However, conventional rigid and bulky bioelectronics face challenges for neural applications, including mechanical mismatch, unsatisfactory signal-to-noise ratio, and poor integration of multifunctional components, thereby degrading the sensing and modulation performance, long-term stability and biocompatibility, and diagnosis and therapy efficacy. Implantable bioelectronics have been developed to be mechanically compatible with the brain environment by adopting advanced geometric designs and utilizing intrinsically stretchable materials, but such advances have not been able to address all of the aforementioned challenges.Recently, the exploration of nanomaterial synthesis and nanoscale fabrication strategies has facilitated the design of unconventional soft bioelectronics with mechanical properties similar to those of neural tissues and submicrometer-scale resolution comparable to typical neuron sizes. The introduction of nanotechnology has provided bioelectronics with improved spatial resolution, selectivity, single neuron targeting, and even multifunctionality. As a result, this state-of-the-art nanotechnology has been integrated with bioelectronics in two main types, i.e., bioelectronics integrated with synthesized nanomaterials and bioelectronics with nanoscale structures. The functional nanomaterials can be synthesized and assembled to compose bioelectronics, allowing easy customization of their functionality to meet specific requirements. The unique nanoscale structures implemented with the bioelectronics could maximize the performance in terms of sensing and stimulation. Such soft nanobioelectronics have demonstrated their applicability for neuronal recording and modulation over a long period at the intracellular level and incorporation of multiple functions, such as electrical, optical, and chemical sensing and stimulation functions.In this Account, we will discuss the technical pathways in soft bioelectronics integrated with nanomaterials and implementing nanostructures for application to neuroengineering. We traced the historical development of bioelectronics from rigid and bulky structures to soft and deformable devices to conform to neuroengineering requirements. Recent approaches that introduced nanotechnology into neural devices enhanced the spatiotemporal resolution and endowed various device functions. These soft nanobioelectronic technologies are discussed in two categories: bioelectronics with synthesized nanomaterials and bioelectronics with nanoscale structures. We describe nanomaterial-integrated soft bioelectronics exhibiting various functionalities and modalities depending on the integrated nanomaterials. Meanwhile, soft bioelectronics with nanoscale structures are explained with their superior resolution and unique administration methods. We also exemplified the neural sensing and stimulation applications of soft nanobioelectronics across various modalities, showcasing their clinical applications in the treatment of neurological diseases, such as brain tumors, epilepsy, and Parkinson's disease. Finally, we discussed the challenges and direction of next-generation technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minjeong Kim
- Center for Nanoparticle Research, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Institute of Chemical Processes, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyunjin Lee
- Center for Nanoparticle Research, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Institute of Chemical Processes, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Seonghyeon Nam
- Center for Nanoparticle Research, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Institute of Chemical Processes, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae-Hyeong Kim
- Center for Nanoparticle Research, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Institute of Chemical Processes, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Gi Doo Cha
- Department of Systems Biotechnology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong-si, Gyeonggi-do 17546, Republic of Korea
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6
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Sun Y, Xiao Z, Chen B, Zhao Y, Dai J. Advances in Material-Assisted Electromagnetic Neural Stimulation. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2400346. [PMID: 38594598 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202400346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Revised: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
Bioelectricity plays a crucial role in organisms, being closely connected to neural activity and physiological processes. Disruptions in the nervous system can lead to chaotic ionic currents at the injured site, causing disturbances in the local cellular microenvironment, impairing biological pathways, and resulting in a loss of neural functions. Electromagnetic stimulation has the ability to generate internal currents, which can be utilized to counter tissue damage and aid in the restoration of movement in paralyzed limbs. By incorporating implanted materials, electromagnetic stimulation can be targeted more accurately, thereby significantly improving the effectiveness and safety of such interventions. Currently, there have been significant advancements in the development of numerous promising electromagnetic stimulation strategies with diverse materials. This review provides a comprehensive summary of the fundamental theories, neural stimulation modulating materials, material application strategies, and pre-clinical therapeutic effects associated with electromagnetic stimulation for neural repair. It offers a thorough analysis of current techniques that employ materials to enhance electromagnetic stimulation, as well as potential therapeutic strategies for future applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuting Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Zhifeng Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Bing Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Yannan Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Jianwu Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, 300192, China
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7
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Wang X, Zhang Y, Guo T, Wu S, Zhong J, Cheng C, Sui X. Selective intrafascicular stimulation of myelinated and unmyelinated nerve fibers through a longitudinal electrode: A computational study. Comput Biol Med 2024; 176:108556. [PMID: 38733726 DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiomed.2024.108556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2024] [Accepted: 05/05/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024]
Abstract
Carbon nanotube (CNT) fiber electrodes have demonstrated exceptional spatial selectivity and sustained reliability in the context of intrafascicular electrical stimulation, as evidenced through rigorous animal experimentation. A significant presence of unmyelinated C fibers, known to induce uncomfortable somatosensory experiences, exists within peripheral nerves. This presence poses a considerable challenge to the excitation of myelinated Aβ fibers, which are crucial for tactile sensation. To achieve nuanced tactile sensory feedback utilizing CNT fiber electrodes, the selective stimulation of Aβ sensory afferents emerges as a critical factor. In confronting this challenge, the present investigation sought to refine and apply a rat sciatic-nerve model leveraging the capabilities of the COMSOL-NEURON framework. This approach enables a systematic evaluation of the influence exerted by stimulation parameters and electrode geometry on the activation dynamics of both myelinated Aβ and unmyelinated C fibers. The findings advocate for the utilization of current pulses featuring a pulse width of 600 μs, alongside the deployment of CNT fibers characterized by a diminutive diameter of 10 μm, with an exclusively exposed cross-sectional area, to facilitate reduced activation current thresholds. Comparative analysis under monopolar and bipolar electrical stimulation conditions revealed proximate activation thresholds, albeit with bipolar stimulation exhibiting superior fiber selectivity relative to its monopolar counterpart. Concerning pulse waveform characteristics, the adoption of an anodic-first biphasic stimulation modality is favored, taking into account the dual criteria of activation threshold and fiber selectivity optimization. Consequently, this investigation furnishes an efficacious stimulation paradigm for the selective activation of touch-related nerve fibers, alongside provisioning a comprehensive theoretical foundation for the realization of natural tactile feedback within the domain of prosthetic hand applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xintong Wang
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Yapeng Zhang
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Tianruo Guo
- Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Shuhui Wu
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Junwen Zhong
- Department of Electromechanical Engineering, University of Macau, Macau SAR, 999078, China
| | - Chengkung Cheng
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China; Med-X Research Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Engineering Research Center of Digital Medicine, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaohong Sui
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China.
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8
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Galindo AN, Frey Rubio DA, Hettiaratchi MH. Biomaterial strategies for regulating the neuroinflammatory response. MATERIALS ADVANCES 2024; 5:4025-4054. [PMID: 38774837 PMCID: PMC11103561 DOI: 10.1039/d3ma00736g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/24/2024]
Abstract
Injury and disease in the central nervous system (CNS) can result in a dysregulated inflammatory environment that inhibits the repair of functional tissue. Biomaterials present a promising approach to tackle this complex inhibitory environment and modulate the mechanisms involved in neuroinflammation to halt the progression of secondary injury and promote the repair of functional tissue. In this review, we will cover recent advances in biomaterial strategies, including nanoparticles, hydrogels, implantable scaffolds, and neural probe coatings, that have been used to modulate the innate immune response to injury and disease within the CNS. The stages of inflammation following CNS injury and the main inflammatory contributors involved in common neurodegenerative diseases will be discussed, as understanding the inflammatory response to injury and disease is critical for identifying therapeutic targets and designing effective biomaterial-based treatment strategies. Biomaterials and novel composites will then be discussed with an emphasis on strategies that deliver immunomodulatory agents or utilize cell-material interactions to modulate inflammation and promote functional tissue repair. We will explore the application of these biomaterial-based strategies in the context of nanoparticle- and hydrogel-mediated delivery of small molecule drugs and therapeutic proteins to inflamed nervous tissue, implantation of hydrogels and scaffolds to modulate immune cell behavior and guide axon elongation, and neural probe coatings to mitigate glial scarring and enhance signaling at the tissue-device interface. Finally, we will present a future outlook on the growing role of biomaterial-based strategies for immunomodulation in regenerative medicine and neuroengineering applications in the CNS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alycia N Galindo
- Phil and Penny Knight Campus for Accelerating Scientific Impact, University of Oregon Eugene OR USA
| | - David A Frey Rubio
- Phil and Penny Knight Campus for Accelerating Scientific Impact, University of Oregon Eugene OR USA
| | - Marian H Hettiaratchi
- Phil and Penny Knight Campus for Accelerating Scientific Impact, University of Oregon Eugene OR USA
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Oregon Eugene OR USA
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9
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Xiang Y, Zhao Y, Cheng T, Sun S, Wang J, Pei R. Implantable Neural Microelectrodes: How to Reduce Immune Response. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2024; 10:2762-2783. [PMID: 38591141 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.4c00238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
Implantable neural microelectrodes exhibit the great ability to accurately capture the electrophysiological signals from individual neurons with exceptional submillisecond precision, holding tremendous potential for advancing brain science research, as well as offering promising avenues for neurological disease therapy. Although significant advancements have been made in the channel and density of implantable neural microelectrodes, challenges persist in extending the stable recording duration of these microelectrodes. The enduring stability of implanted electrode signals is primarily influenced by the chronic immune response triggered by the slight movement of the electrode within the neural tissue. The intensity of this immune response increases with a higher bending stiffness of the electrode. This Review thoroughly analyzes the sequential reactions evoked by implanted electrodes in the brain and highlights strategies aimed at mitigating chronic immune responses. Minimizing immune response mainly includes designing the microelectrode structure, selecting flexible materials, surface modification, and controlling drug release. The purpose of this paper is to provide valuable references and ideas for reducing the immune response of implantable neural microelectrodes and stimulate their further exploration in the field of brain science.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Xiang
- School of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, University of Science and Technology of China (USTC), Hefei 230026, PR China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nano-Bio Interface, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Yuewu Zhao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nano-Bio Interface, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Tingting Cheng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nano-Bio Interface, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Shengkai Sun
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nano-Bio Interface, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Jine Wang
- Jiangxi Institute of Nanotechnology, Nanchang 330200, China
- College of Medicine and Nursing, Shandong Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Novel Pharmaceutical Excipients, Sustained and Controlled Release Preparations, Dezhou University, Dezhou 253023, China
| | - Renjun Pei
- School of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, University of Science and Technology of China (USTC), Hefei 230026, PR China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nano-Bio Interface, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou 215123, China
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10
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Liu S, Wang Y, Zhao Y, Liu L, Sun S, Zhang S, Liu H, Liu S, Li Y, Yang F, Jiao M, Sun X, Zhang Y, Liu R, Mu X, Wang H, Zhang S, Yang J, Xie X, Duan X, Zhang J, Hong G, Zhang XD, Ming D. A Nanozyme-Based Electrode for High-Performance Neural Recording. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2304297. [PMID: 37882151 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202304297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Revised: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023]
Abstract
Implanted neural electrodes have been widely used to treat brain diseases that require high sensitivity and biocompatibility at the tissue-electrode interface. However, currently used clinical electrodes cannot meet both these requirements simultaneously, which hinders the effective recording of electronic signals. Herein, nanozyme-based neural electrodes incorporating bioinspired atomically precise clusters are developed as a general strategy with a heterogeneous design for multiscale and ultrasensitive neural recording via quantum transport and biocatalytic processes. Owing to the dual high-speed electronic and ionic currents at the electrode-tissue interface, the impedance of nanozyme electrodes is 26 times lower than that of state-of-the-art metal electrodes, and the acquisition sensitivity for the local field potential is ≈10 times higher than that of clinical PtIr electrodes, enabling a signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of up to 14.7 dB for single-neuron recordings in rats. The electrodes provide more than 100-fold higher antioxidant and multi-enzyme-like activities, which effectively decrease 67% of the neuronal injury area by inhibiting glial proliferation and allowing sensitive and stable neural recording. Moreover, nanozyme electrodes can considerably improve the SNR of seizures in acute epileptic rats and are expected to achieve precise localization of seizure foci in clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuangjie Liu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Brain Science and Neural Engineering, Academy of Medical Engineering and Translational Medicine, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Yang Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Brain Science and Neural Engineering, Academy of Medical Engineering and Translational Medicine, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Yue Zhao
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Brain Science and Neural Engineering, Academy of Medical Engineering and Translational Medicine, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Ling Liu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Brain Science and Neural Engineering, Academy of Medical Engineering and Translational Medicine, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Si Sun
- Department of Physics and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Low Dimensional Materials Physics and Preparing Technology, School of Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300354, China
| | - Shaofang Zhang
- Department of Physics and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Low Dimensional Materials Physics and Preparing Technology, School of Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300354, China
| | - Haile Liu
- Department of Physics and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Low Dimensional Materials Physics and Preparing Technology, School of Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300354, China
| | - Shuhu Liu
- Beijing Synchrotron Radiation Facility (BSRF), Institute of High Energy Physics (IHEP), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yonghui Li
- Department of Physics and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Low Dimensional Materials Physics and Preparing Technology, School of Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300354, China
| | - Fan Yang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California, 94305, USA
| | - Menglu Jiao
- Department of Physics and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Low Dimensional Materials Physics and Preparing Technology, School of Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300354, China
| | - Xinyu Sun
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Brain Science and Neural Engineering, Academy of Medical Engineering and Translational Medicine, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Yuqin Zhang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Brain Science and Neural Engineering, Academy of Medical Engineering and Translational Medicine, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Renpeng Liu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Brain Science and Neural Engineering, Academy of Medical Engineering and Translational Medicine, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Xiaoyu Mu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Brain Science and Neural Engineering, Academy of Medical Engineering and Translational Medicine, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Hao Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Brain Science and Neural Engineering, Academy of Medical Engineering and Translational Medicine, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Shu Zhang
- Tianjin Neurological Institute, Department of Neurosurgery, General Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300041, China
| | - Jiang Yang
- School of Electronics and Information Technology and Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Xi Xie
- School of Electronics and Information Technology and Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Xiaojie Duan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Jianning Zhang
- Tianjin Neurological Institute, Department of Neurosurgery, General Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300041, China
| | - Guosong Hong
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California, 94305, USA
| | - Xiao-Dong Zhang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Brain Science and Neural Engineering, Academy of Medical Engineering and Translational Medicine, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
- Department of Physics and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Low Dimensional Materials Physics and Preparing Technology, School of Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300354, China
| | - Dong Ming
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Brain Science and Neural Engineering, Academy of Medical Engineering and Translational Medicine, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
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11
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Zhu Y, Yang Y, Ni G, Li S, Liu W, Gao Z, Zhang X, Zhang Q, Wang C, Zhou J. On-demand electrically controlled melatonin release from PEDOT/SNP composite improves quality of chronic neural recording. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2023; 11:1284927. [PMID: 38033812 PMCID: PMC10684936 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1284927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Long-time and high-quality signal acquisition performance from implantable electrodes is the key to establish stable and efficient brain-computer interface (BCI) connections. The chronic performance of implantable electrodes is hindered by the inflammatory response of brain tissue. In order to solve the material limitation of biological interface electrodes, we designed sulfonated silica nanoparticles (SNPs) as the dopant of Poly (3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) to modify the implantable electrodes. In this work, melatonin (MT) loaded SNPs were incorporated in PEDOT via electrochemical deposition on nickel-chromium (Ni-Cr) alloy electrode and carbon nanotube (CNT) fiber electrodes, without affecting the acute neural signal recording capacity. After coating with PEDOT/SNP-MT, the charge storage capacity of both electrodes was significantly increased, and the electrochemical impedance at 1 kHz of the Ni-Cr alloy electrodes was significantly reduced, while that of the CNT electrodes was significantly increased. In addition, this study inspected the effect of electrically triggered MT release every other day on the quality and longevity of neural recording from implanted neural electrodes in rat hippocampus for 1 month. Both MT modified Ni-Cr alloy electrodes and CNT electrodes showed significantly higher spike amplitude after 26-day recording. Significantly, the histological studies showed that the number of astrocytes around the implanted Ni-Cr alloy electrodes was significantly reduced after MT release. These results demonstrate the potent outcome of PEDOT/SNP-MT treatment in improving the chronic neural recording quality possibly through its anti-inflammatory property.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Changyong Wang
- Beijing Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jin Zhou
- Beijing Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
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12
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Song D, Li X, Jang M, Lee Y, Zhai Y, Hu W, Yan H, Zhang S, Chen L, Lu C, Kim K, Liu N. An Ultra-Thin MXene Film for Multimodal Sensing of Neuroelectrical Signals with Artifacts Removal. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2304956. [PMID: 37533340 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202304956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Revised: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023]
Abstract
Neuroelectrical signals transmitted onto the skin tend to decay to an extremely weak level, making them highly susceptible to interference from the environment and body movement. Meanwhile, for comprehensively understanding cognitive nerve conduction, multimodal sensing of neural signals, such as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS), is highly required. Previous metal or polymer conductors cannot either provide a seamless on-skin feature for accurate sensing of neuroelectrical signals or be compatible with multimodal imaging techniques without opto- and magnet- artifacts. Herein, a ≈20 nm thick MXene film that is able to simultaneously detect electrophysiological signals and perform imaging by MRI and fNIRS with high fidelity is reported. The ultrathin film is made of crosslinked Ti3 C2 Tx film via poly (3,4-ethylene dioxythiophene): polystyrene sulfonate (PEDOT: PSS), showing a record high electroconductivity and transparency combination (11 000 S cm-1 @89%). Among them, PEDOT: PSS not only plays a cross-linking role to stabilize MXene film but also shortens the interlayer distance for effective charge transfer and high transparency. Thus, it can achieve a low interfacial impedance with skin or neural surfaces for accurate recording of electrophysiological signals with low motion artifacts. Besides, the high transparency originating from the ultrathin feature leads to good compatibility with fNIRS and MRI without optical and magnetic artifacts, enabling multimodal cognitive neural monitoring during prolonged use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dekui Song
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Energy Conversion and Storage Materials, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, 100875, Beijing, China
| | - Xueli Li
- College of Chemical Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, 100029, Beijing, China
| | - Myeongjin Jang
- Department of Physics, Yonsei University, 03722, Seoul, South Korea
- Center for Nanomedicine, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul, 03722, South Korea
| | - Yangjin Lee
- Department of Physics, Yonsei University, 03722, Seoul, South Korea
- Center for Nanomedicine, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul, 03722, South Korea
| | - Yu Zhai
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning & IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, 100875, Beijing, China
| | - Wenya Hu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Energy Conversion and Storage Materials, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, 100875, Beijing, China
| | - Hongping Yan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Song Zhang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Luyao Chen
- Max Planck Partner Group, School of International Chinese Language Education, Beijing Normal University, 100875, Beijing, China
| | - Chunming Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning & IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, 100875, Beijing, China
| | - Kwanpyo Kim
- Department of Physics, Yonsei University, 03722, Seoul, South Korea
- Center for Nanomedicine, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul, 03722, South Korea
| | - Nan Liu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Energy Conversion and Storage Materials, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, 100875, Beijing, China
- Beijing Graphene Institute, 100095, Beijing, China
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13
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Yan B, Zhao Y, Peng H. Tissue-Matchable and Implantable Batteries Toward Biomedical Applications. SMALL METHODS 2023; 7:e2300501. [PMID: 37469190 DOI: 10.1002/smtd.202300501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Revised: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023]
Abstract
Implantable electronic devices can realize real-time and reliable health monitoring, diagnosis, and treatment of human body, which are expected to overcome important bottlenecks in the biomedical field. However, the commonly used energy supply devices for them are implantable batteries based on conventional rigid device design with toxic components, which both mechanically and biologically mismatch soft biological tissues. Therefore, the development of highly soft, safe, and implantable tissue-matchable flexible batteries is of great significance and urgency for implantable bioelectronics. In this work, the recent advances of tissue-matchable and implantable flexible batteries are overviewed, focusing on the design strategies of electrodes/batteries and their biomedical applications. The mechanical flexibility, biocompatibility, and electrochemical performance in vitro and in vivo of these flexible electrodes/batteries are then discussed. Finally, perspectives are provided on the current challenges and possible directions of this field in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Yan
- Institute of Flexible Electronics and Research and Development Institute of Northwestern Polytechnical University in Shenzhen, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, China
| | - Yang Zhao
- Institute of Flexible Electronics and Research and Development Institute of Northwestern Polytechnical University in Shenzhen, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, China
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Electronics and Information Displays and Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Huisheng Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science and Laboratory of Advanced Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
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14
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Almasri RM, Ladouceur F, Mawad D, Esrafilzadeh D, Firth J, Lehmann T, Poole-Warren LA, Lovell NH, Al Abed A. Emerging trends in the development of flexible optrode arrays for electrophysiology. APL Bioeng 2023; 7:031503. [PMID: 37692375 PMCID: PMC10491464 DOI: 10.1063/5.0153753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Optical-electrode (optrode) arrays use light to modulate excitable biological tissues and/or transduce bioelectrical signals into the optical domain. Light offers several advantages over electrical wiring, including the ability to encode multiple data channels within a single beam. This approach is at the forefront of innovation aimed at increasing spatial resolution and channel count in multichannel electrophysiology systems. This review presents an overview of devices and material systems that utilize light for electrophysiology recording and stimulation. The work focuses on the current and emerging methods and their applications, and provides a detailed discussion of the design and fabrication of flexible arrayed devices. Optrode arrays feature components non-existent in conventional multi-electrode arrays, such as waveguides, optical circuitry, light-emitting diodes, and optoelectronic and light-sensitive functional materials, packaged in planar, penetrating, or endoscopic forms. Often these are combined with dielectric and conductive structures and, less frequently, with multi-functional sensors. While creating flexible optrode arrays is feasible and necessary to minimize tissue-device mechanical mismatch, key factors must be considered for regulatory approval and clinical use. These include the biocompatibility of optical and photonic components. Additionally, material selection should match the operating wavelength of the specific electrophysiology application, minimizing light scattering and optical losses under physiologically induced stresses and strains. Flexible and soft variants of traditionally rigid photonic circuitry for passive optical multiplexing should be developed to advance the field. We evaluate fabrication techniques against these requirements. We foresee a future whereby established telecommunications techniques are engineered into flexible optrode arrays to enable unprecedented large-scale high-resolution electrophysiology systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reem M. Almasri
- Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, UNSW, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | | | - Damia Mawad
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, UNSW, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Dorna Esrafilzadeh
- Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, UNSW, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Josiah Firth
- Australian National Fabrication Facility, UNSW, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Torsten Lehmann
- School of Electrical Engineering and Telecommunications, UNSW, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | | | | | - Amr Al Abed
- Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, UNSW, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
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15
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Tian G, Yang D, Chen C, Duan X, Kim DH, Chen H. Simultaneous Presentation of Dexamethasone and Nerve Growth Factor via Layered Carbon Nanotubes and Polypyrrole to Interface Neural Cells. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2023; 9:5015-5027. [PMID: 37489848 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.3c00593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/26/2023]
Abstract
The implantation of neural electrodes usually induces acute and chronic inflammation, which can result in the formation of glial scars encapsulating the implanted electrodes and the loss of neurons near the active electrode sites. Local presentation of anti-inflammatory drugs or neural protective factors has been evidenced as an effective strategy to modulate inflammatory responses and promote electrode-neuron integration. Here, a novel delivery system for the simultaneous presentation of both anti-inflammatory drugs (dexamethasone, Dex) and nerve-growth-promoting factors (nerve growth factor, NGF) from the electrode sites was developed via layer-structured carbon nanotubes and conductive polymers. The modified electrodes exhibited higher charge storage capacitance and lower electrochemical impedance compared to unmodified electrodes and electrodes coated with polypyrrole/Dex. Dex released from the functional coating under controlled electrochemical stimulation was able to inhibit the lipopolysaccharide-induced secretion or mRNA transcription of inflammatory cytokines, including nitric oxide, TNF-α, and IL-6 in RAW264.7 cells, and control the activation of cultured astrocytes. In addition, the functional coatings did not show a toxic effect on PC12 cells and primary neural cells but exhibited promoted activities on the adhesion, growth, and neurite extension of neural cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangzhao Tian
- School of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, Guangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Dan Yang
- School of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, Guangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunrong Chen
- School of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, Guangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoge Duan
- School of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, Guangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Dong-Hwan Kim
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
- Biomedical Institute for Convergence at SKKU (BICS), Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Hailan Chen
- School of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, Guangxi, People's Republic of China
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16
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Ruhunage C, Dhawan V, Nawarathne CP, Hoque A, Cui XT, Alvarez NT. Evaluation of Polymer-Coated Carbon Nanotube Flexible Microelectrodes for Biomedical Applications. Bioengineering (Basel) 2023; 10:647. [PMID: 37370578 PMCID: PMC10295676 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering10060647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Revised: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The demand for electrically insulated microwires and microfibers in biomedical applications is rapidly increasing. Polymer protective coatings with high electrical resistivity, good chemical resistance, and a long shelf-life are critical to ensure continuous device operation during chronic applications. As soft and flexible electrodes can minimize mechanical mismatch between tissues and electronics, designs based on flexible conductive microfibers, such as carbon nanotube (CNT) fibers, and soft polymer insulation have been proposed. In this study, a continuous dip-coating approach was adopted to insulate meters-long CNT fibers with hydrogenated nitrile butadiene rubber (HNBR), a soft and rubbery insulating polymer. Using this method, 4.8 m long CNT fibers with diameters of 25-66 µm were continuously coated with HNBR without defects or interruptions. The coated CNT fibers were found to be uniform, pinhole free, and biocompatible. Furthermore, the HNBR coating had better high-temperature tolerance than conventional insulating materials. Microelectrodes prepared using the HNBR-coated CNT fibers exhibited stable electrochemical properties, with a specific impedance of 27.0 ± 9.4 MΩ µm2 at 1.0 kHz and a cathodal charge storage capacity of 487.6 ± 49.8 mC cm-2. Thus, the developed electrodes express characteristics that made them suitable for use in implantable medical devices for chronic in vivo applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chethani Ruhunage
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221, USA; (C.R.); (C.P.N.); (A.H.)
| | - Vaishnavi Dhawan
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA;
| | - Chaminda P. Nawarathne
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221, USA; (C.R.); (C.P.N.); (A.H.)
| | - Abdul Hoque
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221, USA; (C.R.); (C.P.N.); (A.H.)
| | - Xinyan Tracy Cui
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA;
| | - Noe T. Alvarez
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221, USA; (C.R.); (C.P.N.); (A.H.)
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17
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Averbeck SR, Xu D, Murphy BB, Shevchuk K, Shankar S, Anayee M, Torres MDT, Beauchamp MS, de la Fuente-Nunez C, Gogotsi Y, Vitale F. Stability of Ti 3C 2T x MXene Films and Devices under Clinical Sterilization Processes. ACS NANO 2023; 17:9442-9454. [PMID: 37171407 PMCID: PMC11342293 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c01525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
MXenes are being heavily investigated in biomedical research, with applications ranging from regenerative medicine to bioelectronics. To enable the adoption and integration of MXenes into therapeutic platforms and devices, however, their stability under standard sterilization procedures must be established. Here, we present a comprehensive investigation of the electrical, chemical, structural, and mechanical effects of common thermal (autoclave) and chemical (ethylene oxide (EtO) and H2O2 gas plasma) sterilization protocols on both thin-film Ti3C2Tx MXene microelectrodes and mesoscale arrays made from Ti3C2Tx-infused cellulose-elastomer composites. We also evaluate the effectiveness of the sterilization processes in eliminating all pathogens from the Ti3C2Tx films and composites. Post-sterilization analysis revealed that autoclave and EtO did not alter the DC conductivity, electrochemical impedance, surface morphology, or crystallographic structure of Ti3C2Tx and were both effective at eliminating E. coli from both types of Ti3C2Tx-based devices. On the other end, exposure to H2O2 gas plasma sterilization for 45 min induced severe degradation of the structure and properties of Ti3C2Tx films and composites. The stability of the Ti3C2Tx after EtO and autoclave sterilization and the complete removal of pathogens establish the viability of both sterilization processes for Ti3C2Tx-based technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Spencer R. Averbeck
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania – 19104, USA; Center for Neuroengineering and Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania – 19104, USA
| | - Doris Xu
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania – 19104, USA; Center for Neuroengineering and Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania – 19104, USA
| | - Brendan B. Murphy
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania – 19104, USA; Center for Neuroengineering and Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania – 19104, USA
| | - Kateryna Shevchuk
- Department of Material Science and Engineering, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania – 19104, USA; A.J Drexel Nanomaterials Institute, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania – 19104, USA
| | - Sneha Shankar
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania – 19104, USA; Center for Neuroengineering and Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania – 19104, USA
| | - Mark Anayee
- Department of Material Science and Engineering, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania – 19104, USA; A.J Drexel Nanomaterials Institute, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania – 19104, USA
| | - Marcelo Der Torossian Torres
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania – 19104, USA; Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania – 19104, USA; Departments of Psychiatry and Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania – 19104, USA; Institute for Biomedical Informatics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania – 19104, USA
| | - Michael S. Beauchamp
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania – 19104, USA
| | - Cesar de la Fuente-Nunez
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania – 19104, USA; Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania – 19104, USA; Departments of Psychiatry and Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania – 19104, USA; Institute for Biomedical Informatics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania – 19104, USA
| | - Yury Gogotsi
- Department of Material Science and Engineering, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania – 19104, USA; A.J Drexel Nanomaterials Institute, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania – 19104, USA
| | - Flavia Vitale
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania – 19104, USA; Center for Neuroengineering and Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania – 19104, USA; Department of Neurology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania – 19104, USA; Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania – 19104, USA; Center for Neurotrauma, Neurodegeneration, and Restoration, Corporal Michael J. Crescenz Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania – 19104, USA
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18
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Xing Y, Zhou M, Si Y, Yang CY, Feng LW, Wu Q, Wang F, Wang X, Huang W, Cheng Y, Zhang R, Duan X, Liu J, Song P, Sun H, Wang H, Zhang J, Jiang S, Zhu M, Wang G. Integrated opposite charge grafting induced ionic-junction fiber. Nat Commun 2023; 14:2355. [PMID: 37095082 PMCID: PMC10126126 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-37884-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 04/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The emergence of ionic-junction devices has attracted growing interests due to the potential of serving as signal transmission and translation media between electronic devices and biological systems using ions. Among them, fiber-shaped iontronics possesses a great advantage in implantable applications owing to the unique one-dimensional geometry. However, fabricating stable ionic-junction on curved surfaces remains a challenge. Here, we developed a polyelectrolyte based ionic-junction fiber via an integrated opposite charge grafting method capable of large-scale continuous fabrication. The ionic-junction fibers can be integrated into functions such as ionic diodes and ionic bipolar junction transistors, where rectification and switching of input signals are implemented. Moreover, synaptic functionality has also been demonstrated by utilizing the fiber memory capacitance. The connection between the ionic-junction fiber and sciatic nerves of the mouse simulating end-to-side anastomosis is further performed to realize effective nerve signal conduction, verifying the capability for next-generation artificial neural pathways in implantable bioelectronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Xing
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, 201620, Shanghai, China
| | - Mingjie Zhou
- Department of Hand Surgery, Center for the Reconstruction of Limb Function, National Clinical Research Center for Aging and Medicine, Huashan Hospital; Department of Hand and Upper Extremity Surgery, Jing'an District Central Hospital; NHC Key Laboratory of Hand Reconstruction, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Peripheral Nerve and Microsurgery, Institute of Hand Surgery, Fudan University, 200040, Shanghai, China
| | - Yueguang Si
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institute of Brain Science, Department of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 200032, Shanghai, China
| | - Chi-Yuan Yang
- Laboratory of Organic Electronics, Department of Science and Technology, Linköping University, SE-601 74, Norrköping, Sweden
| | - Liang-Wen Feng
- College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, 610064, Chengdu, China
| | - Qilin Wu
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, 201620, Shanghai, China
| | - Fei Wang
- Department of Hand Surgery, Center for the Reconstruction of Limb Function, National Clinical Research Center for Aging and Medicine, Huashan Hospital; Department of Hand and Upper Extremity Surgery, Jing'an District Central Hospital; NHC Key Laboratory of Hand Reconstruction, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Peripheral Nerve and Microsurgery, Institute of Hand Surgery, Fudan University, 200040, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaomin Wang
- Department of Hand Surgery, Center for the Reconstruction of Limb Function, National Clinical Research Center for Aging and Medicine, Huashan Hospital; Department of Hand and Upper Extremity Surgery, Jing'an District Central Hospital; NHC Key Laboratory of Hand Reconstruction, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Peripheral Nerve and Microsurgery, Institute of Hand Surgery, Fudan University, 200040, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Huang
- School of Automation Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, 611731, Chengdu, China
| | - Yuhua Cheng
- School of Automation Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, 611731, Chengdu, China
| | - Ruilin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 130022, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Xiaozheng Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 130022, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Jun Liu
- National Key Laboratory on Electromagnetic Environmental Effects and Eletro-optical Engineering, 210007, Nanjing, China
| | - Ping Song
- National Key Laboratory on Electromagnetic Environmental Effects and Eletro-optical Engineering, 210007, Nanjing, China
| | - Hengda Sun
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, 201620, Shanghai, China
| | - Hongzhi Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, 201620, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiayi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institute of Brain Science, Department of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 200032, Shanghai, China
| | - Su Jiang
- Department of Hand Surgery, Center for the Reconstruction of Limb Function, National Clinical Research Center for Aging and Medicine, Huashan Hospital; Department of Hand and Upper Extremity Surgery, Jing'an District Central Hospital; NHC Key Laboratory of Hand Reconstruction, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Peripheral Nerve and Microsurgery, Institute of Hand Surgery, Fudan University, 200040, Shanghai, China
| | - Meifang Zhu
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, 201620, Shanghai, China
| | - Gang Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, 201620, Shanghai, China.
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19
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de Camp NV, Bergeler J, Seifert F. Physical behavior of PEDOT polymer electrode during magnetic resonance imaging and long-term test in the climate chamber. Sci Rep 2023; 13:5826. [PMID: 37037876 PMCID: PMC10086067 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-33180-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/08/2023] [Indexed: 04/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The PEDOT polymer electrode is a metal-free electrode, consisting of an acrylate (dental composite) and the conductive polymer poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) polystyrene sulfonate (PEDOT:PSS). The electrode is applied as gel onto the skin and cured with blue light for 10-20 s in order to achieve a conductive bond to the skin. The electrodes are used in combination with polymer cables consisting of a textile backbone and PEDOT:PSS. To test this new electrode and cable type under different conditions we designed two stress-tests: highly sensitive temperature recordings within a head phantom during Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) and long-term stability inside a climate chamber with high humidity. To study the physical behavior inside the strong magnetic field (3 Tesla), the PEDOT polymer electrode was attached to an agarose head-phantom inside a magnetic resonance tomograph during an image sequence. MRI-safe temperature sensors were placed nearby in order to measure possible heating effects. In comparison to a metal cable, nearly no rise in temperature could be observed if the electrode was used in combination with a conductive textile cable. Furthermore, the electrode showed stable impedance values inside a climate chamber for 4 consecutive days. These results pave the way for testing the PEDOT polymer electrode as biosignal recording electrode during MRI, especially for cardio MRI and Electroencephalography in combination with functional MRI (EEG-fMRI).
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Affiliation(s)
- Nora Vanessa de Camp
- Petesys UG Limited, Mühlenfließ, Germany.
- Institute for Biology, Behavioral Physiology, Humboldt University Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
| | | | - Frank Seifert
- Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB), Brunswick, Berlin, Germany
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20
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Hu Z, Niu Q, Hsiao BS, Yao X, Zhang Y. Bioactive polymer-enabled conformal neural interface and its application strategies. MATERIALS HORIZONS 2023; 10:808-828. [PMID: 36597872 DOI: 10.1039/d2mh01125e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Neural interface is a powerful tool to control the varying neuron activities in the brain, where the performance can directly affect the quality of recording neural signals and the reliability of in vivo connection between the brain and external equipment. Recent advances in bioelectronic innovation have provided promising pathways to fabricate flexible electrodes by integrating electrodes on bioactive polymer substrates. These bioactive polymer-based electrodes can enable the conformal contact with irregular tissue and result in low inflammation when compared to conventional rigid inorganic electrodes. In this review, we focus on the use of silk fibroin and cellulose biopolymers as well as certain synthetic polymers to offer the desired flexibility for constructing electrode substrates for a conformal neural interface. First, the development of a neural interface is reviewed, and the signal recording methods and tissue response features of the implanted electrodes are discussed in terms of biocompatibility and flexibility of corresponding neural interfaces. Following this, the material selection, structure design and integration of conformal neural interfaces accompanied by their effective applications are described. Finally, we offer our perspectives on the evolution of desired bioactive polymer-enabled neural interfaces, regarding the biocompatibility, electrical properties and mechanical softness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhanao Hu
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Nano-Biomaterials and Regenerative Medicine, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, People's Republic of China.
| | - Qianqian Niu
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Nano-Biomaterials and Regenerative Medicine, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, People's Republic of China.
| | - Benjamin S Hsiao
- Department of Chemistry, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, 11794-3400, USA
| | - Xiang Yao
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Nano-Biomaterials and Regenerative Medicine, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yaopeng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Nano-Biomaterials and Regenerative Medicine, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, People's Republic of China.
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21
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Masoudi Asil S, Guerrero ED, Bugarini G, Cayme J, De Avila N, Garcia J, Hernandez A, Mecado J, Madero Y, Moncayo F, Olmos R, Perches D, Roman J, Salcido‐Padilla D, Sanchez E, Trejo C, Trevino P, Nurunnabi M, Narayan M. Theranostic applications of multifunctional carbon nanomaterials. VIEW 2023. [DOI: 10.1002/viw.20220056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Shima Masoudi Asil
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering The University of Texas at El Paso El Paso Texas USA
| | - Erick Damian Guerrero
- Department of Biochemistry Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center Dallas Texas USA
| | - Georgina Bugarini
- BUILDing SCHOLARS, Research Intensive Sequence (FYRIS) students The University of Texas at El Paso El Paso Texas USA
| | - Joshua Cayme
- BUILDing SCHOLARS, Research Intensive Sequence (FYRIS) students The University of Texas at El Paso El Paso Texas USA
| | - Nydia De Avila
- BUILDing SCHOLARS, Research Intensive Sequence (FYRIS) students The University of Texas at El Paso El Paso Texas USA
| | - Jaime Garcia
- BUILDing SCHOLARS, Research Intensive Sequence (FYRIS) students The University of Texas at El Paso El Paso Texas USA
| | - Adrian Hernandez
- BUILDing SCHOLARS, Research Intensive Sequence (FYRIS) students The University of Texas at El Paso El Paso Texas USA
| | - Julia Mecado
- BUILDing SCHOLARS, Research Intensive Sequence (FYRIS) students The University of Texas at El Paso El Paso Texas USA
| | - Yazeneth Madero
- BUILDing SCHOLARS, Research Intensive Sequence (FYRIS) students The University of Texas at El Paso El Paso Texas USA
| | - Frida Moncayo
- BUILDing SCHOLARS, Research Intensive Sequence (FYRIS) students The University of Texas at El Paso El Paso Texas USA
| | - Rosario Olmos
- BUILDing SCHOLARS, Research Intensive Sequence (FYRIS) students The University of Texas at El Paso El Paso Texas USA
| | - David Perches
- BUILDing SCHOLARS, Research Intensive Sequence (FYRIS) students The University of Texas at El Paso El Paso Texas USA
| | - Jacob Roman
- BUILDing SCHOLARS, Research Intensive Sequence (FYRIS) students The University of Texas at El Paso El Paso Texas USA
| | - Diana Salcido‐Padilla
- BUILDing SCHOLARS, Research Intensive Sequence (FYRIS) students The University of Texas at El Paso El Paso Texas USA
| | - Efrain Sanchez
- BUILDing SCHOLARS, Research Intensive Sequence (FYRIS) students The University of Texas at El Paso El Paso Texas USA
| | - Christopher Trejo
- BUILDing SCHOLARS, Research Intensive Sequence (FYRIS) students The University of Texas at El Paso El Paso Texas USA
| | - Paulina Trevino
- BUILDing SCHOLARS, Research Intensive Sequence (FYRIS) students The University of Texas at El Paso El Paso Texas USA
| | - Md Nurunnabi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences School of Pharmacy The University of Texas at El Paso El Paso Texas USA
| | - Mahesh Narayan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry The University of Texas at El Paso El Paso Texas USA
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22
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Tracking neural activity from the same cells during the entire adult life of mice. Nat Neurosci 2023; 26:696-710. [PMID: 36804648 DOI: 10.1038/s41593-023-01267-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023]
Abstract
Stably recording the electrical activity of the same neurons over the adult life of an animal is important to neuroscience research and biomedical applications. Current implantable devices cannot provide stable recording on this timescale. Here, we introduce a method to precisely implant electronics with an open, unfolded mesh structure across multiple brain regions in the mouse. The open mesh structure forms a stable interwoven structure with the neural network, preventing probe drifting and showing no immune response and neuron loss during the year-long implantation. Rigorous statistical analysis, visual stimulus-dependent measurement and unbiased, machine-learning-based analysis demonstrated that single-unit action potentials have been recorded from the same neurons of behaving mice in a very long-term stable manner. Leveraging this stable structure, we demonstrated that the same neurons can be recorded over the entire adult life of the mouse, revealing the aging-associated evolution of single-neuron activities.
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23
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Chen C, Feng J, Li J, Guo Y, Shi X, Peng H. Functional Fiber Materials to Smart Fiber Devices. Chem Rev 2023; 123:613-662. [PMID: 35977344 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.2c00192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
The development of fiber materials has accompanied the evolution of human civilization for centuries. Recent advances in materials science and chemistry offered fibers new applications with various functions, including energy harvesting, energy storing, displaying, health monitoring and treating, and computing. The unique one-dimensional shape of fiber devices endows them advantages to work as human-interfaced electronics due to the small size, lightweight, flexibility, and feasibility for integration into large-scale textile systems. In this review, we first present a discussion of the basics of fiber materials and the design principles of fiber devices, followed by a comprehensive analysis on recently developed fiber devices. Finally, we provide the current challenges facing this field and give an outlook on future research directions. With novel fiber devices and new applications continuing to be discovered after two decades of research, we envision that new fiber devices could have an important impact on our life in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuanrui Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, and Laboratory of Advanced Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, P. R. China
| | - Jianyou Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, and Laboratory of Advanced Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, P. R. China
| | - Jiaxin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, and Laboratory of Advanced Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, P. R. China
| | - Yue Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, and Laboratory of Advanced Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, P. R. China
| | - Xiang Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, and Laboratory of Advanced Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, P. R. China
| | - Huisheng Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, and Laboratory of Advanced Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, P. R. China
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24
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Marmo AC, Lott LR, Pickett JH, Koller HE, Nitschke BM, Grunlan MA. Amphiphilic silicones for the facile dispersion of carbon nanotubes and formation of soft skin electrodes. ACS APPLIED POLYMER MATERIALS 2023; 5:775-783. [PMID: 37033151 PMCID: PMC10078240 DOI: 10.1021/acsapm.2c01757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Flexible, dry skin electrodes represent a potentially superior alternative to standard Ag/AgCl metal electrodes for wearable devices used in long-term monitoring. Herein, such electrodes were formed using a facile method for dispersing carbon nanotubes (CNTs) in a silicone matrix using custom amphiphilic dispersive additives (DSPAs). Using only brief mixing and without the use of solvents or surface modification of CNTs, twelve poly(ethylene oxide)-silanes (PEO-SAs) of varying crosslinkability, architecture, siloxane tether length, and molar ratio of siloxane:PEO were combined with an addition cure silicone and CNTs. Nearly all PEO-SA modified silicone-CNT composites demonstrated improved conductivity compared to the unmodified composite. Best conductivities correlated to composites prepared with PEO-SAs that formed micelles of particular sizes (d ~ 200 - 300 nm) and coincided to PEO-SAs with a siloxane:PEO molar ratio of ~ 0.75 - 3.00. Superior dispersion of CNT by such PEO-SAs was exemplified by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Advantageously, modified composites retained their moduli, rather than becoming more rigid. Resultant electrodes fabricated with modified composites showed skin-electrode impedance comparable to that of Ag/AgCl electrodes. Combined, these results demonstrate the potential of silicone-CNT composites prepared with PEO-SA DSPAs as flexible, dry electrodes as a superior alternative to traditional electrodes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alec C Marmo
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843-3003 (USA)
| | - Lucas R Lott
- Department of Biomedical Engineering Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843-3003 (USA)
| | - Jackson H Pickett
- Department of Biomedical Engineering Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843-3003 (USA)
| | - Harrison E Koller
- Department of Chemistry Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843-3003 (USA)
| | - Brandon M Nitschke
- Department of Biomedical Engineering Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843-3003 (USA)
| | - Melissa A Grunlan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Department of Chemistry Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843-3003 (USA)
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25
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Shan Y, Cui X, Chen X, Li Z. Recent progress of electroactive interface in neural engineering. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS. NANOMEDICINE AND NANOBIOTECHNOLOGY 2023; 15:e01827. [PMID: 35715994 DOI: 10.1002/wnan.1827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Revised: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Neural tissue is an electrical responsible organ. The electricity plays a vital role in the growth and development of nerve tissue, as well as the repairing after diseases. The interface between the nervous system and external device for information transmission is called neural electroactive interface. With the development of new materials and fabrication technologies, more and more new types of neural interfaces are developed and the interfaces can play crucial roles in treating many debilitating diseases such as paralysis, blindness, deafness, epilepsy, and Parkinson's disease. Neural interfaces are developing toward flexibility, miniaturization, biocompatibility, and multifunctionality. This review presents the development of neural electrodes in terms of different materials for constructing electroactive neural interfaces, especially focus on the piezoelectric materials-based indirect neuromodulation due to their features of wireless control, excellent effect, and good biocompatibility. We discussed the challenges we need to consider before the application of these new interfaces in clinical practice. The perspectives about future directions for developing more practical electroactive interface in neural engineering are also discussed in this review. This article is categorized under: Implantable Materials and Surgical Technologies > Nanomaterials and Implants Implantable Materials and Surgical Technologies > Nanotechnology in Tissue Repair and Replacement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yizhu Shan
- Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,School of Nanoscience and Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xi Cui
- Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,School of Nanoscience and Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xun Chen
- Department of Electronic Engineering and Information Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Zhou Li
- Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,School of Nanoscience and Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,Center of Nanoenergy Research, School of Physical Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, China.,Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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26
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Conklin B, Conley BM, Hou Y, Chen M, Lee KB. Advanced theragnostics for the central nervous system (CNS) and neurological disorders using functional inorganic nanomaterials. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2023; 192:114636. [PMID: 36481291 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2022.114636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Revised: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Various types of inorganic nanomaterials are capable of diagnostic biomarker detection and the therapeutic delivery of a disease or inflammatory modulating agent. Those multi-functional nanomaterials have been utilized to treat neurodegenerative diseases and central nervous system (CNS) injuries in an effective and personalized manner. Even though many nanomaterials can deliver a payload and detect a biomarker of interest, only a few studies have yet to fully utilize this combined strategy to its full potential. Combining a nanomaterial's ability to facilitate targeted delivery, promote cellular proliferation and differentiation, and carry a large amount of material with various sensing approaches makes it possible to diagnose a patient selectively and sensitively while offering preventative measures or early disease-modifying strategies. By tuning the properties of an inorganic nanomaterial, the dimensionality, hydrophilicity, size, charge, shape, surface chemistry, and many other chemical and physical parameters, different types of cells in the central nervous system can be monitored, modulated, or further studies to elucidate underlying disease mechanisms. Scientists and clinicians have better understood the underlying processes of pathologies for many neurologically related diseases and injuries by implementing multi-dimensional 0D, 1D, and 2D theragnostic nanomaterials. The incorporation of nanomaterials has allowed scientists to better understand how to detect and treat these conditions at an early stage. To this end, having the multi-modal ability to both sense and treat ailments of the central nervous system can lead to favorable outcomes for patients suffering from such injuries and diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brandon Conklin
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers-the State University of New Jersey, 123, Bevier Road, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Brian M Conley
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers-the State University of New Jersey, 123, Bevier Road, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Yannan Hou
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers-the State University of New Jersey, 123, Bevier Road, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Meizi Chen
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers-the State University of New Jersey, 123, Bevier Road, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Ki-Bum Lee
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers-the State University of New Jersey, 123, Bevier Road, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA.
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27
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Guo Z, Wang F, Wang L, Tu K, Jiang C, Xi Y, Hong W, Xu Q, Wang X, Yang B, Sun B, Lin Z, Liu J. A flexible neural implant with ultrathin substrate for low-invasive brain-computer interface applications. MICROSYSTEMS & NANOENGINEERING 2022; 8:133. [PMID: 36575664 PMCID: PMC9789992 DOI: 10.1038/s41378-022-00464-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Revised: 06/03/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Implantable brain-computer interface (BCI) devices are an effective tool to decipher fundamental brain mechanisms and treat neural diseases. However, traditional neural implants with rigid or bulky cross-sections cause trauma and decrease the quality of the neuronal signal. Here, we propose a MEMS-fabricated flexible interface device for BCI applications. The microdevice with a thin film substrate can be readily reduced to submicron scale for low-invasive implantation. An elaborate silicon shuttle with an improved structure is designed to reliably implant the flexible device into brain tissue. The flexible substrate is temporarily bonded to the silicon shuttle by polyethylene glycol. On the flexible substrate, eight electrodes with different diameters are distributed evenly for local field potential and neural spike recording, both of which are modified by Pt-black to enhance the charge storage capacity and reduce the impedance. The mechanical and electrochemical characteristics of this interface were investigated in vitro. In vivo, the small cross-section of the device promises reduced trauma, and the neuronal signals can still be recorded one month after implantation, demonstrating the promise of this kind of flexible BCI device as a low-invasive tool for brain-computer communication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhejun Guo
- National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Micro/Nano Fabrication, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 200240 Shanghai, China
- Department of Micro/Nano Electronics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 200240 Shanghai, China
| | - Fang Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Center for Functional Neurosurgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 200025 Shanghai, China
| | - Longchun Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Micro/Nano Fabrication, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 200240 Shanghai, China
- Department of Micro/Nano Electronics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 200240 Shanghai, China
| | - Kejun Tu
- National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Micro/Nano Fabrication, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 200240 Shanghai, China
- Department of Micro/Nano Electronics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 200240 Shanghai, China
| | - Chunpeng Jiang
- National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Micro/Nano Fabrication, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 200240 Shanghai, China
- Department of Micro/Nano Electronics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 200240 Shanghai, China
| | - Ye Xi
- National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Micro/Nano Fabrication, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 200240 Shanghai, China
- Department of Micro/Nano Electronics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 200240 Shanghai, China
| | - Wen Hong
- National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Micro/Nano Fabrication, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 200240 Shanghai, China
- Department of Micro/Nano Electronics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 200240 Shanghai, China
| | - Qingda Xu
- National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Micro/Nano Fabrication, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 200240 Shanghai, China
- Department of Micro/Nano Electronics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 200240 Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaolin Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Micro/Nano Fabrication, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 200240 Shanghai, China
| | - Bin Yang
- National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Micro/Nano Fabrication, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 200240 Shanghai, China
| | - Bomin Sun
- Department of Neurosurgery, Center for Functional Neurosurgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 200025 Shanghai, China
| | - Zude Lin
- National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Micro/Nano Fabrication, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 200240 Shanghai, China
| | - Jingquan Liu
- National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Micro/Nano Fabrication, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 200240 Shanghai, China
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28
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Bakhshaee Babaroud N, Palmar M, Velea AI, Coletti C, Weingärtner S, Vos F, Serdijn WA, Vollebregt S, Giagka V. Multilayer CVD graphene electrodes using a transfer-free process for the next generation of optically transparent and MRI-compatible neural interfaces. MICROSYSTEMS & NANOENGINEERING 2022; 8:107. [PMID: 36176270 PMCID: PMC9512798 DOI: 10.1038/s41378-022-00430-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Revised: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Multimodal platforms combining electrical neural recording and stimulation, optogenetics, optical imaging, and magnetic resonance (MRI) imaging are emerging as a promising platform to enhance the depth of characterization in neuroscientific research. Electrically conductive, optically transparent, and MRI-compatible electrodes can optimally combine all modalities. Graphene as a suitable electrode candidate material can be grown via chemical vapor deposition (CVD) processes and sandwiched between transparent biocompatible polymers. However, due to the high graphene growth temperature (≥ 900 °C) and the presence of polymers, fabrication is commonly based on a manual transfer process of pre-grown graphene sheets, which causes reliability issues. In this paper, we present CVD-based multilayer graphene electrodes fabricated using a wafer-scale transfer-free process for use in optically transparent and MRI-compatible neural interfaces. Our fabricated electrodes feature very low impedances which are comparable to those of noble metal electrodes of the same size and geometry. They also exhibit the highest charge storage capacity (CSC) reported to date among all previously fabricated CVD graphene electrodes. Our graphene electrodes did not reveal any photo-induced artifact during 10-Hz light pulse illumination. Additionally, we show here, for the first time, that CVD graphene electrodes do not cause any image artifact in a 3T MRI scanner. These results demonstrate that multilayer graphene electrodes are excellent candidates for the next generation of neural interfaces and can substitute the standard conventional metal electrodes. Our fabricated graphene electrodes enable multimodal neural recording, electrical and optogenetic stimulation, while allowing for optical imaging, as well as, artifact-free MRI studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nasim Bakhshaee Babaroud
- Department of Microelectronics, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Mathematics and Computer Science, Delft University of Technology, Mekelweg 4, Delft, 2628 CD The Netherlands
| | - Merlin Palmar
- Department of Microelectronics, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Mathematics and Computer Science, Delft University of Technology, Mekelweg 4, Delft, 2628 CD The Netherlands
| | - Andrada Iulia Velea
- Department of Microelectronics, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Mathematics and Computer Science, Delft University of Technology, Mekelweg 4, Delft, 2628 CD The Netherlands
- Technologies for Bioelectronics Group, Department of System Integration and Interconnection Technologies, Fraunhofer Institute for Reliability and Micro-integration IZM, Gustav-Meyer-Allee 25, Berlin, 13355 Germany
| | - Chiara Coletti
- Department of Imaging Physics, Faculty of Applied Science, Delft University of Technology, Lorentzweg 1, Delft, 2628 CJ The Netherlands
| | - Sebastian Weingärtner
- Department of Imaging Physics, Faculty of Applied Science, Delft University of Technology, Lorentzweg 1, Delft, 2628 CJ The Netherlands
| | - Frans Vos
- Department of Imaging Physics, Faculty of Applied Science, Delft University of Technology, Lorentzweg 1, Delft, 2628 CJ The Netherlands
| | - Wouter A. Serdijn
- Department of Microelectronics, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Mathematics and Computer Science, Delft University of Technology, Mekelweg 4, Delft, 2628 CD The Netherlands
- Erasmus University Medical Center (Erasmus MC), dr. Molewaterplein 40, Rotterdam, 3015 GD The Netherlands
| | - Sten Vollebregt
- Department of Microelectronics, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Mathematics and Computer Science, Delft University of Technology, Mekelweg 4, Delft, 2628 CD The Netherlands
| | - Vasiliki Giagka
- Department of Microelectronics, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Mathematics and Computer Science, Delft University of Technology, Mekelweg 4, Delft, 2628 CD The Netherlands
- Technologies for Bioelectronics Group, Department of System Integration and Interconnection Technologies, Fraunhofer Institute for Reliability and Micro-integration IZM, Gustav-Meyer-Allee 25, Berlin, 13355 Germany
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Liu X, Xu Z, Fu X, Liu Y, Jia H, Yang Z, Zhang J, Wei S, Duan X. Stable, long-term single-neuronal recording from the rat spinal cord with flexible carbon nanotube fiber electrodes. J Neural Eng 2022; 19. [DOI: 10.1088/1741-2552/ac9258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Objective. Flexible implantable electrodes enable months-long stable recording of single-unit signals from rat brains. Despite extensive efforts in the development of flexible probes for brain recording, thus far there are no conclusions on their application in long-term single neuronal recording from the spinal cord which is more mechanically active. To this end, we realized the chronic recording of single-unit signals from the spinal cord of freely-moving rats using flexible carbon nanotube fiber (CNTF) electrodes. Approach. We developed flexible CNTF electrodes for intraspinal recording. Continuous in vivo impedance monitoring and histology studies were conducted to explore the critical factors determining the longevity of the recording, as well as to illustrate the evolution of the electrode-tissue interface. Gait analysis were performed to evaluate the biosafety of the chronic intraspinal implantation of the CNTF electrodes. Main results. By increasing the insulation thickness of the CNTF electrodes, single-unit signals were continuously recorded from the spinal cord of freely-moving rats without electrode repositioning for 3-4 months. Single neuronal and local field potential activities in response to somatic mechanical stimulation were successfully recorded from the spinal dorsal horns. Histological data demonstrated the ability of the CNTF microelectrodes to form an improved intraspinal interfaces with greatly reduced gliosis compared to their stiff metal counterparts. Continuous impedance monitoring suggested that the longevity of the intraspinal recording with CNTF electrodes was determined by the insulation durability. Gait analysis showed that the chronic presence of the CNTF electrodes caused no noticeable locomotor deficits in rats. Significance. It was found that the chronic recording from the spinal cord faces more stringent requirements on the electrode structural durability than recording from the brain. The stable, long-term intraspinal recording provides unique capabilities for studying the physiological functions of the spinal cord relating to motor, sensation, and autonomic control in both health and disease.
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Li L, Jiang C, Duan W, Wang Z, Zhang F, He C, Long T, Li L. Electrochemical and biological performance of hierarchical platinum-iridium electrodes structured by a femtosecond laser. MICROSYSTEMS & NANOENGINEERING 2022; 8:96. [PMID: 36065436 PMCID: PMC9440118 DOI: 10.1038/s41378-022-00433-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2022] [Revised: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Neural electrode interfaces are essential to the stimulation safety and recording quality of various bioelectronic therapies. The recently proposed hierarchical platinum-iridium (Pt-Ir) electrodes produced by femtosecond lasers have exhibited superior electrochemical performance in vitro, but their in vivo performance is still unclear. In this study, we explored the electrochemical performance, biological response, and tissue adhesion of hierarchical Pt-Ir electrodes by implantation in adult rat brains for 1, 8, and 16 weeks. Regular smooth Pt-Ir electrodes were used as a control. The results showed that the electrochemical performance of both electrodes decreased and leveled off during implantation. However, after 16 weeks, the charge storage capacity of hierarchical electrodes stabilized at ~16.8 mC/cm2, which was 15 times that of the smooth control electrodes (1.1 mC/cm2). Moreover, the highly structured electrodes had lower impedance amplitude and cutoff frequency values. The similar histological response to smooth electrodes indicated good biocompatibility of the hierarchically structured Pt-Ir electrodes. Given their superior in vivo performance, the femtosecond laser-treated Pt-Ir electrode showed great potential for neuromodulation applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linze Li
- National Engineering Research Center of Neuromodulation, School of Aerospace Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084 China
- School of Mechanical Engineering and Automation, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350108 China
| | - Changqing Jiang
- National Engineering Research Center of Neuromodulation, School of Aerospace Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084 China
| | - Wanru Duan
- Department of Neurosurgery, China International Neuroscience Institute (CHINA-INI), Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100053 China
- Lab of Spinal Cord Injury and Functional Reconstruction, China International Neuroscience Institute (CHINA-INI), Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100053 China
| | - Zhiyan Wang
- National Engineering Research Center of Neuromodulation, School of Aerospace Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084 China
| | - Feng Zhang
- National Engineering Research Center of Neuromodulation, School of Aerospace Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084 China
| | - Changgeng He
- National Engineering Research Center of Neuromodulation, School of Aerospace Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084 China
| | - Tiangang Long
- National Engineering Research Center of Neuromodulation, School of Aerospace Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084 China
| | - Luming Li
- National Engineering Research Center of Neuromodulation, School of Aerospace Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084 China
- Precision Medicine & Healthcare Research Center, Tsinghua-Berkeley Shenzhen Institute, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, 518071 China
- IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research at Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084 China
- Institute of Epilepsy, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, 100093 China
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31
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Ruhunage CK, Dhawan V, McKenzie TJ, Hoque A, Rahm CE, Nawarathne CP, Ayres N, Cui XT, Alvarez NT. Hydrophilic Micro- and Macroelectrodes with Antibiofouling Properties for Biomedical Applications. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2022; 8:2920-2931. [PMID: 35710337 PMCID: PMC10080669 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.2c00173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Implantable neural electrodes are generally used to record the electrical activity of neurons and to stimulate neurons in the nervous system. Biofouling triggered by inflammatory responses can dramatically affect the performance of neural electrodes, resulting in decreased signal sensitivity and consistency over time. Thus, long-term clinical applications require electrically conducting electrode materials with reduced dimensions, high flexibility, and antibiofouling properties that can reduce the degree of inflammatory reactions and increase the lifetime of neural electrodes. Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are well known to form flexible assemblies such as CNT fibers. Herein, we report the covalent functionalization of predefined CNT fiber and film surfaces with hydrophilic, antibiofouling phosphorylcholine (PC) molecules. The electrochemical and spectroscopic characteristics, impedance properties, hydrophilicity, and in vitro antifouling nature of the functionalized CNT surfaces were evaluated. The hydrophilicity of the functionalized CNT films was demonstrated by a decrease in the static contact angle from 134.4° ± 3.9° before to 15.7° ± 1.5° after one and fully wetting after three functionalization cycles, respectively. In addition, the extent of protein absorption on the functionalized CNT films was significantly lower than that on the nonfunctionalized CNT film. Surprisingly, the faradic charge-transfer properties and impedance of the CNT assemblies were preserved after functionalization with PC molecules. These functionalized CNT assemblies are promising for the development of low-impedance neural electrodes with higher hydrophilicity and protein-fouling resistance to inhibit inflammatory responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chethani K Ruhunage
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio 45221, United States
| | - Vaishnavi Dhawan
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261, United States
| | - Tucker J McKenzie
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio 45221, United States
| | - Abdul Hoque
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio 45221, United States
| | - Connor E Rahm
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio 45221, United States
| | - Chaminda P Nawarathne
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio 45221, United States
| | - Neil Ayres
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio 45221, United States
| | - Xinyan Tracy Cui
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261, United States
| | - Noe T Alvarez
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio 45221, United States
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32
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He H, Zhang X, Du L, Ye M, Lu Y, Xue J, Wu J, Shuai X. Molecular imaging nanoprobes for theranostic applications. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2022; 186:114320. [PMID: 35526664 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2022.114320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Revised: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
As a non-invasive imaging monitoring method, molecular imaging can provide the location and expression level of disease signature biomolecules in vivo, leading to early diagnosis of relevant diseases, improved treatment strategies, and accurate assessment of treating efficacy. In recent years, a variety of nanosized imaging probes have been developed and intensively investigated in fundamental/translational research and clinical practice. Meanwhile, as an interdisciplinary discipline, this field combines many subjects of chemistry, medicine, biology, radiology, and material science, etc. The successful molecular imaging not only requires advanced imaging equipment, but also the synthesis of efficient imaging probes. However, limited summary has been reported for recent advances of nanoprobes. In this paper, we summarized the recent progress of three common and main types of nanosized molecular imaging probes, including ultrasound (US) imaging nanoprobes, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) nanoprobes, and computed tomography (CT) imaging nanoprobes. The applications of molecular imaging nanoprobes were discussed in details. Finally, we provided an outlook on the development of next generation molecular imaging nanoprobes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haozhe He
- Nanomedicine Research Center, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510630, China; Department of Pediatrics, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, China
| | - Xindan Zhang
- Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Lihua Du
- PCFM Lab of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510260, China
| | - Minwen Ye
- Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Yonglai Lu
- Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Jiajia Xue
- Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China.
| | - Jun Wu
- PCFM Lab of Ministry of Education, School of Biomedical Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, China.
| | - Xintao Shuai
- Nanomedicine Research Center, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510630, China; PCFM Lab of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510260, China.
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33
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Liu S, Liu L, Zhao Y, Wang Y, Wu Y, Zhang XD, Ming D. A High-Performance Electrode Based on van der Waals Heterostructure for Neural Recording. NANO LETTERS 2022; 22:4400-4409. [PMID: 35587781 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.2c00848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Neural electrodes have been widely used to monitor neurological disorders and have a major impact on neuroscience, whereas traditional electrodes are limited to their inherent high impedance, which makes them insensitive to weak signals during recording neural signals. Herein, we developed a neural electrode based on the graphene/Ag van der Waals heterostructure for improving the detection sensitivity and signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). The impedance of the graphene/Ag electrode is reduced to 161.4 ± 13.4 MΩ μm2, while the cathode charge-storage capacity (CSCc) reaches 24.2 ± 1.9 mC cm-2, which is 6.3 and 48.4 times higher than those of the commercial Ag electrodes, respectively. Density functional theory (DFT) results find that the Ag-graphene interface has more doped electronic states, providing faster electron transfer and enhanced interfacial transport. In vivo detection sensitivity and SNR of graphene/Ag electrodes are significantly improved. The current work provides a feasible solution for designing brain electrodes to monitor neural signals more sensitively and accurately.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuangjie Liu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Brain Science and Neural Engineering, Academy of Medical Engineering and Translational Medicine, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Ling Liu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Brain Science and Neural Engineering, Academy of Medical Engineering and Translational Medicine, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Yue Zhao
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Brain Science and Neural Engineering, Academy of Medical Engineering and Translational Medicine, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Yang Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Brain Science and Neural Engineering, Academy of Medical Engineering and Translational Medicine, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Yingpeng Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Chem/Bio-Sensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Xiao-Dong Zhang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Brain Science and Neural Engineering, Academy of Medical Engineering and Translational Medicine, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Low Dimensional Materials Physics and Preparing Technology, Institute of Advanced Materials Physics, School of Sciences, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Dong Ming
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Brain Science and Neural Engineering, Academy of Medical Engineering and Translational Medicine, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
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Wei C, Wang Y, Pei W, Han X, Lin L, Liu Z, Ming G, Chen R, Wu P, Yang X, Zheng L, Wang Y. Distributed implantation of a flexible microelectrode array for neural recording. MICROSYSTEMS & NANOENGINEERING 2022; 8:50. [PMID: 35572780 PMCID: PMC9098495 DOI: 10.1038/s41378-022-00366-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Revised: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Flexible multichannel electrode arrays (fMEAs) with multiple filaments can be flexibly implanted in various patterns. It is necessary to develop a method for implanting the fMEA in different locations and at various depths based on the recording demands. This study proposed a strategy for reducing the microelectrode volume with integrated packaging. An implantation system was developed specifically for semiautomatic distributed implantation. The feasibility and convenience of the fMEA and implantation platform were verified in rodents. The acute and chronic recording results provied the effectiveness of the packaging and implantation methods. These methods could provide a novel strategy for developing fMEAs with more filaments and recording sites to measure functional interactions across multiple brain regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunrong Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Optoelectronics, Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100083 Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- School of Future Technologies, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
| | - Yang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Optoelectronics, Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100083 Beijing, China
- School of Microelectronics, University of Sciences and Technology of China, 230000 Hefei, China
| | - Weihua Pei
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Optoelectronics, Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100083 Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
| | - Xinyong Han
- Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100190 Beijing, China
| | - Longnian Lin
- Key Laboratory of Brain Functional Genomics, East China Normal University, 200062 Shanghai, China
| | - Zhiduo Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Optoelectronics, Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100083 Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
| | - Gege Ming
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Optoelectronics, Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100083 Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- School of Future Technologies, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
| | - Ruru Chen
- Brain Machine Fusion Intelligence Institute, 215131 Suzhou, China
| | - Pingping Wu
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- School of Future Technologies, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100190 Beijing, China
| | - Xiaowei Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Optoelectronics, Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100083 Beijing, China
| | - Li Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Optoelectronics, Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100083 Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- School of Future Technologies, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
| | - Yijun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Optoelectronics, Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100083 Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- Chinese Institute for Brain Research, 102206 Beijing, China
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35
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Xiong Z, Huang W, Liang Q, Cao Y, Liu S, He Z, Zhang R, Zhang B, Green R, Zhang S, Li D. Harnessing the 2D Structure-Enabled Viscoelasticity of Graphene-Based Hydrogel Membranes for Chronic Neural Interfacing. SMALL METHODS 2022; 6:e2200022. [PMID: 35261208 DOI: 10.1002/smtd.202200022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2022] [Revised: 02/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Stiffness and viscoelasticity of neural implants regulate the foreign body response. Recent studies have suggested the use of elastic or viscoelastic materials with tissue-like stiffness for long-term neural electrical interfacing. Herein, the authors find that a viscoelastic multilayered graphene hydrogel (MGH) membrane, despite exhibiting a much higher Young's modulus than nerve tissues, shows little inflammatory response after 8-week implantation in rat sciatic nerves. The MGH membrane shows significant viscoelasticity due to the slippage between graphene nanosheets, facilitating its seamless yet minimally compressive interfacing with nerves to reduce the inflammation caused by the stiffness mismatch. When used as neural stimulation electrodes, the MGH membrane can offer abundant ion-accessible surfaces to bring a charge injection capacity 1-2 orders of magnitude higher than its traditional Pt counterpart, and further demonstrates chronic neural therapy potential in low-voltage modulation of rat blood pressure. This work suggests that the emergence of 2D nanomaterials and particularly their unique structural attributes can be harnessed to enable new bio-interfacing design strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyuan Xiong
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
- Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, 3010, Australia
| | - Wenhui Huang
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Qinghua Liang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, 3010, Australia
| | - Yang Cao
- Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, 3010, Australia
| | - Shuyi Liu
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Zicong He
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Ranran Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of New Ceramics and Fine Processing, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Bin Zhang
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Rylie Green
- Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Shuixing Zhang
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Dan Li
- Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, 3010, Australia
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36
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Guo Y, Chen C, Feng J, Wang L, Wang J, Tang C, Sun X, Peng H. An Anti-Biofouling Flexible Fiber Biofuel Cell Working in the Brain. SMALL METHODS 2022; 6:e2200142. [PMID: 35322598 DOI: 10.1002/smtd.202200142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2022] [Revised: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Biofuel cell (BFC) that transfers chemical energy into electricity is a promising candidate as an energy-harvesting device for implantable electronics. However, there still remain major challenges for implantable BFCs, including bulky and rigid device structure mismatching with soft tissues such as the brain, and the power output decreases due to the fouling process in a biological environment. Here, a flexible and anti-biofouling fiber BFC working in the brain chronically is developed. The fiber BFC is based on a carbon nanotube fiber electrode to possess small size and flexibility. A hydrophilic zwitterionic anti-biofouling polydopamine-2-methacryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine layer is designed on the surface of fiber BFC to resist the nonspecific protein adsorption in a complex biological environment. After implantation, the fiber BFC can achieve a stable device/tissue interface, along with a negligible immune response. The fiber BFC has first realized power generation in the mouse brain for over a month, exhibiting its promising prospect as an energy-harvesting device in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, and Laboratory of Advanced Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Chuanrui Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, and Laboratory of Advanced Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Jianyou Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, and Laboratory of Advanced Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Liyuan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, and Laboratory of Advanced Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Jiajia Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, and Laboratory of Advanced Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Chengqiang Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, and Laboratory of Advanced Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Xuemei Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, and Laboratory of Advanced Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Huisheng Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, and Laboratory of Advanced Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
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Xu T, Ji W, Wang X, Zhang Y, Zeng H, Mao L, Zhang M. Support‐Free PEDOT:PSS Fibers as Multifunctional Microelectrodes for In Vivo Neural Recording and Modulation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202115074. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202115074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Tianci Xu
- Department of Chemistry Renmin University of China Beijing 100872 China
| | - Wenliang Ji
- Department of Chemistry Renmin University of China Beijing 100872 China
| | - Xiaofang Wang
- Department of Chemistry Renmin University of China Beijing 100872 China
| | - Yue Zhang
- Department of Chemistry Renmin University of China Beijing 100872 China
| | - Hui Zeng
- Department of Chemistry Renmin University of China Beijing 100872 China
| | - Lanqun Mao
- College of Chemistry Beijing Normal University Beijing 100875 China
| | - Meining Zhang
- Department of Chemistry Renmin University of China Beijing 100872 China
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38
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Heng W, Solomon S, Gao W. Flexible Electronics and Devices as Human-Machine Interfaces for Medical Robotics. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2022; 34:e2107902. [PMID: 34897836 PMCID: PMC9035141 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202107902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 58.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2021] [Revised: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Medical robots are invaluable players in non-pharmaceutical treatment of disabilities. Particularly, using prosthetic and rehabilitation devices with human-machine interfaces can greatly improve the quality of life for impaired patients. In recent years, flexible electronic interfaces and soft robotics have attracted tremendous attention in this field due to their high biocompatibility, functionality, conformability, and low-cost. Flexible human-machine interfaces on soft robotics will make a promising alternative to conventional rigid devices, which can potentially revolutionize the paradigm and future direction of medical robotics in terms of rehabilitation feedback and user experience. In this review, the fundamental components of the materials, structures, and mechanisms in flexible human-machine interfaces are summarized by recent and renowned applications in five primary areas: physical and chemical sensing, physiological recording, information processing and communication, soft robotic actuation, and feedback stimulation. This review further concludes by discussing the outlook and current challenges of these technologies as a human-machine interface in medical robotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenzheng Heng
- Andrew and Peggy Cherng Department of Medical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, 91125, USA
| | - Samuel Solomon
- Andrew and Peggy Cherng Department of Medical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, 91125, USA
| | - Wei Gao
- Andrew and Peggy Cherng Department of Medical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, 91125, USA
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Liang C, Liu Y, Lu W, Tian G, Zhao Q, Yang D, Sun J, Qi D. Strategies for interface issues and challenges of neural electrodes. NANOSCALE 2022; 14:3346-3366. [PMID: 35179152 DOI: 10.1039/d1nr07226a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Neural electrodes, as a bridge for bidirectional communication between the body and external devices, are crucial means for detecting and controlling nerve activity. The electrodes play a vital role in monitoring the state of neural systems or influencing it to treat disease or restore functions. To achieve high-resolution, safe and long-term stable nerve recording and stimulation, a neural electrode with excellent electrochemical performance (e.g., impedance, charge storage capacity, charge injection limit), and good biocompatibility and stability is required. Here, the charge transfer process in the tissues, the electrode-tissue interfaces and the electrode materials are discussed respectively. Subsequently, the latest research methods and strategies for improving the electrochemical performance and biocompatibility of neural electrodes are reviewed. Finally, the challenges in the development of neural electrodes are proposed. It is expected that the development of neural electrodes will offer new opportunities for the evolution of neural prosthesis, bioelectronic medicine, brain science, and so on.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cuiyuan Liang
- National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Synthesis, Transformation and Separation of Extreme Environmental Nutrients, MIIT Key Laboratory of Critical Materials Technology for New Energy Conversion and Storage, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, P. R. China.
| | - Yan Liu
- National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Synthesis, Transformation and Separation of Extreme Environmental Nutrients, MIIT Key Laboratory of Critical Materials Technology for New Energy Conversion and Storage, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, P. R. China.
| | - Weihong Lu
- National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Synthesis, Transformation and Separation of Extreme Environmental Nutrients, MIIT Key Laboratory of Critical Materials Technology for New Energy Conversion and Storage, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, P. R. China.
| | - Gongwei Tian
- National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Synthesis, Transformation and Separation of Extreme Environmental Nutrients, MIIT Key Laboratory of Critical Materials Technology for New Energy Conversion and Storage, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, P. R. China.
| | - Qinyi Zhao
- National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Synthesis, Transformation and Separation of Extreme Environmental Nutrients, MIIT Key Laboratory of Critical Materials Technology for New Energy Conversion and Storage, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, P. R. China.
| | - Dan Yang
- National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Synthesis, Transformation and Separation of Extreme Environmental Nutrients, MIIT Key Laboratory of Critical Materials Technology for New Energy Conversion and Storage, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, P. R. China.
| | - Jing Sun
- National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Synthesis, Transformation and Separation of Extreme Environmental Nutrients, MIIT Key Laboratory of Critical Materials Technology for New Energy Conversion and Storage, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, P. R. China.
| | - Dianpeng Qi
- National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Synthesis, Transformation and Separation of Extreme Environmental Nutrients, MIIT Key Laboratory of Critical Materials Technology for New Energy Conversion and Storage, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, P. R. China.
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Xu T, Ji W, Wang X, Zhang Y, Zeng H, Mao L, Zhang M. Support‐Free PEDOT:PSS Fibers as Multifunctional Microelectrodes for In Vivo Neural Recording and Modulation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202115074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tianci Xu
- Department of Chemistry Renmin University of China Beijing 100872 China
| | - Wenliang Ji
- Department of Chemistry Renmin University of China Beijing 100872 China
| | - Xiaofang Wang
- Department of Chemistry Renmin University of China Beijing 100872 China
| | - Yue Zhang
- Department of Chemistry Renmin University of China Beijing 100872 China
| | - Hui Zeng
- Department of Chemistry Renmin University of China Beijing 100872 China
| | - Lanqun Mao
- College of Chemistry Beijing Normal University Beijing 100875 China
| | - Meining Zhang
- Department of Chemistry Renmin University of China Beijing 100872 China
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41
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Miao BA, Meng L, Tian B. Biology-guided engineering of bioelectrical interfaces. NANOSCALE HORIZONS 2022; 7:94-111. [PMID: 34904138 DOI: 10.1039/d1nh00538c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Bioelectrical interfaces that bridge biotic and abiotic systems have heightened the ability to monitor, understand, and manipulate biological systems and are catalyzing profound progress in neuroscience research, treatments for heart failure, and microbial energy systems. With advances in nanotechnology, bifunctional and high-density devices with tailored structural designs are being developed to enable multiplexed recording or stimulation across multiple spatial and temporal scales with resolution down to millisecond-nanometer interfaces, enabling efficient and effective communication with intracellular electrical activities in a relatively noninvasive and biocompatible manner. This review provides an overview of how biological systems guide the design, engineering, and implementation of bioelectrical interfaces for biomedical applications. We investigate recent advances in bioelectrical interfaces for applications in nervous, cardiac, and microbial systems, and we also discuss the outlook of state-of-the-art biology-guided bioelectrical interfaces with high biocompatibility, extended long-term stability, and integrated system functionality for potential clinical usage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernadette A Miao
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA.
| | - Lingyuan Meng
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA.
| | - Bozhi Tian
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA.
- The James Franck Institute, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
- The Institute for Biophysical Dynamics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
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Objective neuromodulation basis for intrafascicular artificial somatosensation through carbon nanotube yarn electrodes. J Neurosci Methods 2022; 369:109481. [PMID: 35032498 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2022.109481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Revised: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Intrafascicular electrical stimulation has been extensively adopted to achieve sensory feedback for limb amputees. Axon-like carbon nanotube yarn (CNTy) electrodes with both promising flexibility and spatial selectivity index (SSI) can be fascinating alternatives to generate artificial somatosensation. NEW METHOD Here we systematically disclose objective neuromodulation basis for artificial somatosensation through intrafascicular CNTy electrodes. CNTy electrodes with different exposed lengths were utilized for electrically stimulating tibial nerves in twelve rats. Somatosensory evoked potentials (SEPs) were recorded synchronously using an epidural thirty-channel electrode array. Spatiotemporal characteristics of SEPs were analyzed as current pulse amplitude (PA), pulse width (PW) and pulse frequency (PF) varied. RESULTS The current thresholds at 1Hz exhibit the lowest means when compared with those at 4 and 8Hz for most CNTy electrodes (20/28). For all the electrodes, amplitudes of SEPs and activated areas of perceptive fields increase with PWs and PAs rising, and decrease remarkably with PFs from 1 to 8Hz. Latencies of P1 and N1 of SEP peaks gradually reduced with PWs and PAs advancing. Considering high SSIs, relatively stable current thresholds, wider variation ranges of sensory magnitudes and optimal stability of perceptive fields, the L-200 μm electrodes are preferable for neuromodulation with PFs of 1 - 8Hz, PWs of 100 - 800 μs and PAs of 2 - 64 μA. COMPARISON WITH EXISTING METHODS New-type CNTy electrodes possess both promising flexibility and SSI when compared with other neural interfaces. We systematically explore objective neuromodulation basis for artificial somatosensation through CNTy electrodes for the first time. CONCLUSIONS Significantly higher SSIs, lower current and charge thresholds exist for CNTy electrodes in comparison with other peripheral-nerve interfaces. This study can, for the first time, lay a solid neuromodulation foundation for CNTy electrodes to achieve fine sensory feedback.
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Fu X, Li G, Niu Y, Xu J, Wang P, Zhou Z, Ye Z, Liu X, Xu Z, Yang Z, Zhang Y, Lei T, Zhang B, Li Q, Cao A, Jiang T, Duan X. Carbon-Based Fiber Materials as Implantable Depth Neural Electrodes. Front Neurosci 2022; 15:771980. [PMID: 35002602 PMCID: PMC8730365 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2021.771980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Implantable brain electrophysiology electrodes are valuable tools in both fundamental and applied neuroscience due to their ability to record neural activity with high spatiotemporal resolution from shallow and deep brain regions. Their use has been hindered, however, by the challenges in achieving chronically stable operations. Furthermore, implantable depth neural electrodes can only carry out limited data sampling within predefined anatomical regions, making it challenging to perform large-area brain mapping. Minimizing inflammatory responses and associated gliosis formation, and improving the durability and stability of the electrode insulation layers are critical to achieve long-term stable neural recording and stimulation. Combining electrophysiological measurements with simultaneous whole-brain imaging techniques, such as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), provides a useful solution to alleviate the challenge in scalability of implantable depth electrodes. In recent years, various carbon-based materials have been used to fabricate flexible neural depth electrodes with reduced inflammatory responses and MRI-compatible electrodes, which allows structural and functional MRI mapping of the whole brain without obstructing any brain regions around the electrodes. Here, we conducted a systematic comparative evaluation on the electrochemical properties, mechanical properties, and MRI compatibility of different kinds of carbon-based fiber materials, including carbon nanotube fibers, graphene fibers, and carbon fibers. We also developed a strategy to improve the stability of the electrode insulation without sacrificing the flexibility of the implantable depth electrodes by sandwiching an inorganic barrier layer inside the polymer insulation film. These studies provide us with important insights into choosing the most suitable materials for next-generation implantable depth electrodes with unique capabilities for applications in both fundamental and translational neuroscience research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuefeng Fu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Future Technology, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Gen Li
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Future Technology, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yutao Niu
- School of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China.,Key Laboratory of Multifunctional Nanomaterials and Smart Systems, Advanced Materials Division, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Suzhou, China
| | - Jingcao Xu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Puxin Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Future Technology, Peking University, Beijing, China.,Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhaoxiao Zhou
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Future Technology, Peking University, Beijing, China.,Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Ziming Ye
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaojun Liu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Future Technology, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Zheng Xu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Future Technology, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Ziqian Yang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Future Technology, Peking University, Beijing, China.,Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yongyi Zhang
- School of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China.,Key Laboratory of Multifunctional Nanomaterials and Smart Systems, Advanced Materials Division, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Suzhou, China
| | - Ting Lei
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Baogui Zhang
- Brainnetome Center, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing, China
| | - Qingwen Li
- School of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China.,Key Laboratory of Multifunctional Nanomaterials and Smart Systems, Advanced Materials Division, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Suzhou, China
| | - Anyuan Cao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Tianzai Jiang
- Brainnetome Center, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing, China
| | - Xiaojie Duan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Future Technology, Peking University, Beijing, China.,Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing, China.,National Biomedical Imaging Center, Peking University, Beijing, China
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Zhang Y, Le S, Li H, Ji B, Wang MH, Tao J, Liang JQ, Zhang XY, Kang XY. MRI magnetic compatible electrical neural interface: From materials to application. Biosens Bioelectron 2021; 194:113592. [PMID: 34507098 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2021.113592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Neural electrical interfaces are important tools for local neural stimulation and recording, which potentially have wide application in the diagnosis and treatment of neural diseases, as well as in the transmission of neural activity for brain-computer interface (BCI) systems. At the same time, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is one of the effective and non-invasive techniques for recording whole-brain signals, providing details of brain structures and also activation pattern maps. Simultaneous recording of extracellular neural signals and MRI combines two expressions of the same neural activity and is believed to be of great importance for the understanding of brain function. However, this combination makes requests on the magnetic and electronic performance of neural interface devices. MRI-compatibility refers here to a technological approach to simultaneous MRI and electrode recording or stimulation without artifacts in imaging. Trade-offs between materials magnetic susceptibility selection and electrical function should be considered. Herein, prominent trends in selecting materials of suitable magnetic properties are analyzed and material design, function and application of neural interfaces are outlined together with the remaining challenge to fabricate MRI-compatible neural interface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Zhang
- Laboratory for Neural Interface and Brain Computer Interface, Institute of AI and Robotics, Academy for Engineering and Technology, FUDAN University, 220 Handan Rd., Yangpu District, Shanghai, 200433, China; Ji Hua Laboratory, 28 Island Ring South Rd., Foshan City, 528200, China; Engineering Research Center of AI & Robotics, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of AI & Robotics, MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Shanghai 200433, China; Research Center for Intelligent Sensing, Zhejiang Lab, Hangzhou, 311100, China; Yiwu Research Institute of Fudan University, Chengbei Road, Yiwu City, 322000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Song Le
- Laboratory for Neural Interface and Brain Computer Interface, Institute of AI and Robotics, Academy for Engineering and Technology, FUDAN University, 220 Handan Rd., Yangpu District, Shanghai, 200433, China; Ji Hua Laboratory, 28 Island Ring South Rd., Foshan City, 528200, China; Engineering Research Center of AI & Robotics, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of AI & Robotics, MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Shanghai 200433, China; Research Center for Intelligent Sensing, Zhejiang Lab, Hangzhou, 311100, China; Yiwu Research Institute of Fudan University, Chengbei Road, Yiwu City, 322000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Hui Li
- Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1068 Xueyuan Avenue, Shenzhen University Town, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Bowen Ji
- Unmanned System Research Institute; Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Micro/Nano Systems for Aerospace, School of Mechanical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, China
| | - Ming-Hao Wang
- The MOE Engineering Research Center of Smart Microsensors and Microsystems, School of Electronics & Information, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou, 310018, China
| | - Jin Tao
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Optics, Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics and Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin, 130033, China
| | - Jing-Qiu Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Optics, Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics and Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin, 130033, China
| | - Xiao-Yong Zhang
- Institute of Science and Technology for Brain-inspired Intelligence, FUDAN University, Shanghai, 200433, China; Key Laboratory of Computational Neuroscience and Brain-Inspired Intelligence (Fudan University), Ministry of Education, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Xiao-Yang Kang
- Laboratory for Neural Interface and Brain Computer Interface, Institute of AI and Robotics, Academy for Engineering and Technology, FUDAN University, 220 Handan Rd., Yangpu District, Shanghai, 200433, China; Ji Hua Laboratory, 28 Island Ring South Rd., Foshan City, 528200, China; Engineering Research Center of AI & Robotics, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of AI & Robotics, MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Shanghai 200433, China; Research Center for Intelligent Sensing, Zhejiang Lab, Hangzhou, 311100, China; Yiwu Research Institute of Fudan University, Chengbei Road, Yiwu City, 322000, Zhejiang, China.
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Xu B, Pei J, Feng L, Zhang XD. Graphene and graphene-related materials as brain electrodes. J Mater Chem B 2021; 9:9485-9496. [PMID: 34797365 DOI: 10.1039/d1tb01795k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Neural electrodes are used for acquiring neuron signals in brain-machine interfaces, and they are crucial for next-generation neuron engineering and related medical applications. Thus, developing flexible, stable and high-resolution neural electrodes will play an important role in stimulation, acquisition, recording and analysis of signals. Compared with traditional metallic electrodes, electrodes based on graphene and other two-dimensional materials have attracted wide attention in electrophysiological recording and stimulation due to their excellent physical properties such as unique flexibility, low resistance, and high optical transparency. In this review, we have reviewed the recent progress of electrodes based on graphene, graphene/polymer compounds and graphene-related materials for neuron signal recording, stimulation, and related optical signal coupling technology, which provides an outlook on the role of electrodes in the nanotechnology-neuron interface as well as medical diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boyu Xu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Brain Science and Neuroengineering, Academy of Medical Engineering and Translational Medicine, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China.
| | - Jiahui Pei
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Brain Science and Neuroengineering, Academy of Medical Engineering and Translational Medicine, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China.
| | - Liefeng Feng
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Low Dimensional Materials Physics and Preparing Technology, School of Sciences, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China.
| | - Xiao-Dong Zhang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Brain Science and Neuroengineering, Academy of Medical Engineering and Translational Medicine, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China. .,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Low Dimensional Materials Physics and Preparing Technology, School of Sciences, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China.
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Driscoll N, Dong R, Vitale F. Emerging approaches for sensing and modulating neural activity enabled by nanocarbons and carbides. Curr Opin Biotechnol 2021; 72:76-85. [PMID: 34735988 PMCID: PMC8671243 DOI: 10.1016/j.copbio.2021.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Revised: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Devices that can record or modulate neural activity are essential tools in clinical diagnostics and monitoring, basic research, and consumer electronics. Realizing stable functional interfaces between manmade electronics and biological tissues is a longstanding challenge that requires device and material innovations to meet stringent safety and longevity requirements and to improve functionality. Compared to conventional materials, nanocarbons and carbides offer a number of specific advantages for neuroelectronics that can enable advances in functionality and performance. Here, we review the latest emerging trends in neuroelectronic interfaces based on nanocarbons and carbides, with a specific emphasis on technologies developed for use in vivo. We highlight specific applications where the ability to tune fundamental material properties at the nanoscale enables interfaces that can safely and precisely interact with neural circuits at unprecedented spatial and temporal scales, ranging from single synapses to the whole human body.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolette Driscoll
- Department of Neurology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, United States; Center for Neurotrauma, Neurodegeneration, and Restoration, Corporal Michael J. Crescenz Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, United States; Center for Neuroengineering and Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, United States
| | - Royce Dong
- Center for Neurotrauma, Neurodegeneration, and Restoration, Corporal Michael J. Crescenz Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, United States; Center for Neuroengineering and Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, United States; Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, United States
| | - Flavia Vitale
- Department of Neurology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, United States; Center for Neurotrauma, Neurodegeneration, and Restoration, Corporal Michael J. Crescenz Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, United States; Center for Neuroengineering and Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, United States; Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, United States; Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, United States.
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47
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Richter B, Mace Z, Hays ME, Adhikari S, Pham HQ, Sclabassi RJ, Kolber B, Yerneni SS, Campbell P, Cheng B, Tomycz N, Whiting DM, Le TQ, Nelson TL, Averick S. Development and Characterization of Novel Conductive Sensing Fibers for In Vivo Nerve Stimulation. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 21:7581. [PMID: 34833660 PMCID: PMC8619502 DOI: 10.3390/s21227581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Revised: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 11/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Advancements in electrode technologies to both stimulate and record the central nervous system's electrical activities are enabling significant improvements in both the understanding and treatment of different neurological diseases. However, the current neural recording and stimulating electrodes are metallic, requiring invasive and damaging methods to interface with neural tissue. These electrodes may also degrade, resulting in additional invasive procedures. Furthermore, metal electrodes may cause nerve damage due to their inherent rigidity. This paper demonstrates that novel electrically conductive organic fibers (ECFs) can be used for direct nerve stimulation. The ECFs were prepared using a standard polyester material as the structural base, with a carbon nanotube ink applied to the surface as the electrical conductor. We report on three experiments: the first one to characterize the conductive properties of the ECFs; the second one to investigate the fiber cytotoxic properties in vitro; and the third one to demonstrate the utility of the ECF for direct nerve stimulation in an in vivo rodent model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bertram Richter
- System Department of Neurosurgery, Allegheny Health Network, Pittsburgh, PA 15212, USA; (B.R.); (Z.M.); (R.J.S.); (B.C.); (N.T.); (D.M.W.)
| | - Zachary Mace
- System Department of Neurosurgery, Allegheny Health Network, Pittsburgh, PA 15212, USA; (B.R.); (Z.M.); (R.J.S.); (B.C.); (N.T.); (D.M.W.)
- Computational Diagnostics, Inc., Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Megan E. Hays
- Department of Chemistry, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA; (M.E.H.); (S.A.); (T.L.N.)
| | - Santosh Adhikari
- Department of Chemistry, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA; (M.E.H.); (S.A.); (T.L.N.)
| | - Huy Q. Pham
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58102, USA;
| | - Robert J. Sclabassi
- System Department of Neurosurgery, Allegheny Health Network, Pittsburgh, PA 15212, USA; (B.R.); (Z.M.); (R.J.S.); (B.C.); (N.T.); (D.M.W.)
- Computational Diagnostics, Inc., Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Benedict Kolber
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX 75080, USA;
| | - Saigopalakrishna S. Yerneni
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15217, USA; (S.S.Y.); (P.C.)
| | - Phil Campbell
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15217, USA; (S.S.Y.); (P.C.)
| | - Boyle Cheng
- System Department of Neurosurgery, Allegheny Health Network, Pittsburgh, PA 15212, USA; (B.R.); (Z.M.); (R.J.S.); (B.C.); (N.T.); (D.M.W.)
| | - Nestor Tomycz
- System Department of Neurosurgery, Allegheny Health Network, Pittsburgh, PA 15212, USA; (B.R.); (Z.M.); (R.J.S.); (B.C.); (N.T.); (D.M.W.)
| | - Donald M. Whiting
- System Department of Neurosurgery, Allegheny Health Network, Pittsburgh, PA 15212, USA; (B.R.); (Z.M.); (R.J.S.); (B.C.); (N.T.); (D.M.W.)
| | - Trung Q. Le
- Department of Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58102, USA
| | - Toby L. Nelson
- Department of Chemistry, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA; (M.E.H.); (S.A.); (T.L.N.)
| | - Saadyah Averick
- System Department of Neurosurgery, Allegheny Health Network, Pittsburgh, PA 15212, USA; (B.R.); (Z.M.); (R.J.S.); (B.C.); (N.T.); (D.M.W.)
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Zeng Q, Li X, Zhang S, Deng C, Wu T. Think big, see small—A review of nanomaterials for neural interfaces. NANO SELECT 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/nano.202100256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Qi Zeng
- Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology Chinese Academy of Sciences Shenzhen P.R. China
- College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering Shenzhen University Shenzhen P.R. China
| | - Xiaojian Li
- Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology Chinese Academy of Sciences Shenzhen P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Brain Connectome and Manipulation Chinese Academy of Sciences Shenzhen‐Hong Kong Institute of Brain Science‐Shenzhen Fundamental Research Institutions Shenzhen P.R. China
| | - Shiyun Zhang
- Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology Chinese Academy of Sciences Shenzhen P.R. China
| | - Chunshan Deng
- Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology Chinese Academy of Sciences Shenzhen P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Brain Connectome and Manipulation Chinese Academy of Sciences Shenzhen‐Hong Kong Institute of Brain Science‐Shenzhen Fundamental Research Institutions Shenzhen P.R. China
| | - Tianzhun Wu
- Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology Chinese Academy of Sciences Shenzhen P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Health Bioinformatics Chinese Academy of Sciences Shenzhen P.R. China
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Cho YH, Park YG, Kim S, Park JU. 3D Electrodes for Bioelectronics. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2021; 33:e2005805. [PMID: 34013548 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202005805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Revised: 10/04/2020] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
In recent studies related to bioelectronics, significant efforts have been made to form 3D electrodes to increase the effective surface area or to optimize the transfer of signals at tissue-electrode interfaces. Although bioelectronic devices with 2D and flat electrode structures have been used extensively for monitoring biological signals, these 2D planar electrodes have made it difficult to form biocompatible and uniform interfaces with nonplanar and soft biological systems (at the cellular or tissue levels). Especially, recent biomedical applications have been expanding rapidly toward 3D organoids and the deep tissues of living animals, and 3D bioelectrodes are getting significant attention because they can reach the deep regions of various 3D tissues. An overview of recent studies on 3D bioelectronic devices, such as the use of electrical stimulations and the recording of neural signals from biological subjects, is presented. Subsequently, the recent developments in materials and fabrication processing to 3D micro- and nanostructures are introduced, followed by broad applications of these 3D bioelectronic devices at various in vitro and in vivo conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yo Han Cho
- Nano Science Technology Institute, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
- Center for Nanomedicine, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
- Graduate Program of Nano Biomedical Engineering (NanoBME), Advanced Science Institute, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Geun Park
- Nano Science Technology Institute, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
- Center for Nanomedicine, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
- Graduate Program of Nano Biomedical Engineering (NanoBME), Advanced Science Institute, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Sumin Kim
- Nano Science Technology Institute, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
- Center for Nanomedicine, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
- Graduate Program of Nano Biomedical Engineering (NanoBME), Advanced Science Institute, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Jang-Ung Park
- Nano Science Technology Institute, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
- Center for Nanomedicine, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
- Graduate Program of Nano Biomedical Engineering (NanoBME), Advanced Science Institute, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
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Cho Y, Park S, Lee J, Yu KJ. Emerging Materials and Technologies with Applications in Flexible Neural Implants: A Comprehensive Review of Current Issues with Neural Devices. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2021; 33:e2005786. [PMID: 34050691 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202005786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Revised: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Neuroscience is an essential field of investigation that reveals the identity of human beings, with a comprehensive understanding of advanced mental activities, through the study of neurobiological structures and functions. Fully understanding the neurotransmission system that allows for connectivity among neuronal circuits has paved the way for the development of treatments for neurodegenerative diseases such as Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, and depression. The field of flexible implants has attracted increasing interest mainly to overcome the mechanical mismatch between rigid electrode materials and soft neural tissues, enabling precise measurements of neural signals from conformal contact. Here, the current issues of flexible neural implants (chronic device failure, non-bioresorbable electronics, low-density electrode arrays, among others are summarized) by presenting material candidates and designs to address each challenge. Furthermore, the latest investigations associated with the aforementioned issues are also introduced, including suggestions for ideal neural implants. In terms of the future direction of these advances, designing flexible devices would provide new opportunities for the study of brain-machine interfaces or brain-computer interfaces as part of locomotion through brain signals, and for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Younguk Cho
- School of Electrical Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Korea
| | - Sanghoon Park
- School of Electrical Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Korea
| | - Juyoung Lee
- School of Electrical Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Korea
| | - Ki Jun Yu
- School of Electrical Engineering, YU-KIST Institute, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Korea
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