1
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Dai H, Gomes L, Maxwell D, Zamani S, Yang K, Atienza D, Dale N, Mukerjee S. Exploring the Role of an Electrolyte Additive in Suppressing Surface Reconstruction of a Ni-Rich NMC Cathode at Ultrahigh Voltage via Enhanced In Situ and Operando Characterization Methods. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:8639-8654. [PMID: 38335325 PMCID: PMC10895582 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c15670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Revised: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
Vinylene carbonate (VC) is a widely used electrolyte additive in lithium-ion batteries for enhanced solid electrolyte interphase formation on the anode side. However, the cathode electrolyte interphase (CEI) formation with VC has received a lot less attention. This study presents a comprehensive investigation employing advanced in situ/operando-based Raman and X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) to explore the effect of electrolyte composition on the CEI formation and suppression of surface reconstruction of LixNiyMnzCo1-y-zO2 (NMC) cathodes. A novel chemical pathway via VC polymerization is proposed based on experimental results. In situ Raman spectra revealed a new peak at 995 cm-1, indicating the presence of C-O semi-carbonates resulting from the radical polymerization of VC. Operando Raman analysis unveiled the formation of NiO at 490 cm-1 in the baseline system under ultrahigh voltage (up to 5.2 V). However, this peak was conspicuously absent in the VC electrolyte, signifying the effectiveness of VC in suppressing surface reconstruction. Further investigation was carried out utilizing in situ XAS compared X-ray absorption near edge structure spectra from cells of 3 and 20 cycles in both electrolytes at different operating voltages. The observed shift at the Ni K-edge confirmed a more substantial reduction of Ni in the baseline electrolyte compared to that in the VC electrolyte, thus indicating less CEI protection in the former. A sophisticated extended X-ray absorption fine structure analysis quantitatively confirmed the effective suppression of rock-salt formation with the VC electrolyte during the charging process, consistent with the operando Raman results. The in situ XAS results thus provided additional support for the key findings of this study, establishing the crucial role of VC polymerization in enhancing CEI stability and mitigating surface reconstruction on NMC cathodes. This work clarifies the relationship between the enhanced CEI layer and NMC degradation and inspires rational electrolyte design for long-cycling NMC cathodes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huidong Dai
- Department
of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Northeastern
University, 360 Huntington Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Luisa Gomes
- Department
of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Northeastern
University, 360 Huntington Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Derrick Maxwell
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Northeastern University, 360 Huntington Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Somayeh Zamani
- Nissan
Technical Center North America, 39001 Sunrise Drive, Farmington
Hills, Michigan 48331, United States
| | - Kevin Yang
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Northeastern University, 360 Huntington Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Dianne Atienza
- Nissan
Technical Center North America, 39001 Sunrise Drive, Farmington
Hills, Michigan 48331, United States
| | - Nilesh Dale
- Nissan
Technical Center North America, 39001 Sunrise Drive, Farmington
Hills, Michigan 48331, United States
| | - Sanjeev Mukerjee
- Department
of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Northeastern
University, 360 Huntington Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
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2
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Ahangari M, Szalai B, Lujan J, Zhou M, Luo H. Advancements and Challenges in High-Capacity Ni-Rich Cathode Materials for Lithium-Ion Batteries. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 17:801. [PMID: 38399052 PMCID: PMC10890397 DOI: 10.3390/ma17040801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Revised: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
Nowadays, lithium-ion batteries are undoubtedly known as the most promising rechargeable batteries. However, these batteries face some big challenges, like not having enough energy and not lasting long enough, that should be addressed. Ternary Ni-rich Li[NixCoyMnz]O2 and Li[NixCoyAlz]O2 cathode materials stand as the ideal candidate for a cathode active material to achieve high capacity and energy density, low manufacturing cost, and high operating voltage. However, capacity gain from Ni enrichment is nullified by the concurrent fast capacity fading because of issues such as gas evolution, microcracks propagation and pulverization, phase transition, electrolyte decomposition, cation mixing, and dissolution of transition metals at high operating voltage, which hinders their commercialization. In order to tackle these problems, researchers conducted many strategies, including elemental doping, surface coating, and particle engineering. This review paper mainly talks about origins of problems and their mechanisms leading to electrochemical performance deterioration for Ni-rich cathode materials and modification approaches to address the problems.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Meng Zhou
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NM 88003, USA; (M.A.); (B.S.); (J.L.)
| | - Hongmei Luo
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NM 88003, USA; (M.A.); (B.S.); (J.L.)
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3
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Tubtimkuna S, Danilov DL, Sawangphruk M, Notten PHL. Review of the Scalable Core-Shell Synthesis Methods: The Improvements of Li-Ion Battery Electrochemistry and Cycling Stability. SMALL METHODS 2023; 7:e2300345. [PMID: 37231555 DOI: 10.1002/smtd.202300345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Revised: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The demand for lithium-ion batteries has significantly increased due to the increasing adoption of electric vehicles (EVs). However, these batteries have a limited lifespan, which needs to be improved for the long-term use needs of EVs expected to be in service for 20 years or more. In addition, the capacity of lithium-ion batteries is often insufficient for long-range travel, posing challenges for EV drivers. One approach that has gained attention is using core-shell structured cathode and anode materials. That approach can provide several benefits, such as extending the battery lifespan and improving capacity performance. This paper reviews various challenges and solutions by the core-shell strategy adopted for both cathodes and anodes. The highlight is scalable synthesis techniques, including solid phase reactions like the mechanofusion process, ball-milling, and spray-drying process, which are essential for pilot plant production. Due to continuous operation with a high production rate, compatibility with inexpensive precursors, energy and cost savings, and an environmentally friendly approach that can be carried out at atmospheric pressure and ambient temperatures. Future developments in this field may focus on optimizing core-shell materials and synthesis techniques for improved Li-ion battery performance and stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suchakree Tubtimkuna
- Fundamental Electrochemistry (IEK-9) Forschungszentrum Jülich, D-52425, Jülich, Germany
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering School of Energy Science and Engineering Vidyasirimedhi Institute of Science and Technology, Rayong, 21210, Thailand
| | - Dmitri L Danilov
- Fundamental Electrochemistry (IEK-9) Forschungszentrum Jülich, D-52425, Jülich, Germany
- Eindhoven University of Technology Eindhoven, Eindhoven, MB, 5600, The Netherlands
| | - Montree Sawangphruk
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering School of Energy Science and Engineering Vidyasirimedhi Institute of Science and Technology, Rayong, 21210, Thailand
| | - Peter H L Notten
- Fundamental Electrochemistry (IEK-9) Forschungszentrum Jülich, D-52425, Jülich, Germany
- Eindhoven University of Technology Eindhoven, Eindhoven, MB, 5600, The Netherlands
- University of Technology Sydney Broadway, Sydney, NS, 2007, Australia
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4
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Zhang B, Wang S, Liu L, Liu H, Yang J. Enhancement of Li 2ZrO 3 Modification of the Cycle Life of N/S-Doped LiMn 0.5Fe 0.5PO 4/C Composite Cathodes for Lithium Ion Batteries. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2023; 39:5187-5198. [PMID: 36971581 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.3c00244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
LiMn0.5Fe0.5PO4 cathodes have a high energy density but a poor rate and poor cycling performance. To this end, a series of N/S-doped LiMn0.5Fe0.5PO4/C composite cathodes modified with different contents of Li2ZrO3 were prepared by a solvothermal synthesis combined with calcination. The microstructure, chemical composition, and electrochemical properties are analyzed. Li2ZrO3 adsorbed on the LiMn0.5Fe0.5PO4 primary particles' surface in an amorphous state and on spherical particles (5-10 nm). The cycling life and rate performance of the cathodes are improved by the modification of a moderate amount of Li2ZrO3. The LMFP/NS-C/LZO1 shows available capacities of 166.8 and 118.9 mAh·g-1 at 0.1 and 5 C, respectively. The LMFP/NS-C/LZO1 shows no capacity loss after 100 cycles of charging/discharging (1 C), and still has a high capacity retention of 92.0% after 1000 cycles of charging/discharging (5 C). The excellent cycling performance of the LMFP/NS-C/LZO1 can be attributed to the improvement of the cathode microstructure and the electrochemical kinetics and the inhibition of Mn2+ dissolution by the moderate Li2ZrO3 modification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baoquan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Thermo-Fluid Science and Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710049, China
| | - Shuzhong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Thermo-Fluid Science and Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710049, China
| | - Lu Liu
- Key Laboratory of Thermo-Fluid Science and Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710049, China
| | - Hui Liu
- Key Laboratory of Thermo-Fluid Science and Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710049, China
| | - Jianqiao Yang
- Key Laboratory of Thermo-Fluid Science and Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710049, China
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5
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Systemic Analysis to Reveal the Improved Stability of LiNi0.6Co0.2Mn0.2O2 Electrode–Electrolyte Interface Modulated by N-Methylpyrrolidone. CHINESE JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cjac.2023.100250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/17/2023]
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6
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Influence of Al3+ and PO43− co-doping on structure and electrochemical performance of LiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2 cathode materials. J Solid State Electrochem 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s10008-023-05427-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/03/2023]
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7
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Pfeiffer F, Diddens D, Weiling M, Baghernejad M. Study of a High-Voltage NMC Interphase in the Presence of a Thiophene Additive Realized by Operando SHINERS. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:6676-6686. [PMID: 36702454 PMCID: PMC9923680 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c17958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Improving the electrochemical properties and cycle life of high-voltage cathodes in lithium-ion batteries requires a deep understanding of the structural properties and failure mechanisms at the cathode electrolyte interphase (CEI). We present a study implementing an advanced Raman spectroscopy technique to specifically address the compositional features of interphase during cell operation. Our operando technique, shell-isolated nanoparticle-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SHINERS), provides a reliable platform to investigate the dynamics of the interphase structure and elucidate the compositional changes near the cathode surface. To improve the CEI properties, thiophene was introduced and investigated as an effective, high-voltage film-forming additive by largely diminishing the capacity fading triggered at high potentials in LiNi1/3Co1/3Mn1/3O2 cathodes. While the cells without thiophene show severe capacity fading, cells with an optimized concentration of thiophene exhibit a significant performance improvement. Operando SHINERS detects the presence of a stable CEI. The results suggest that the composition of the CEI is dominated by polythiophene and copolymerization products of ethylene carbonate with thiophene, which protects the electrolyte components from further decomposition. The formation mechanism of the polymeric film was modeled using quantum chemistry calculations, which shows good agreement with the experimental data.
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8
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Enhancing the electrochemical performance of LiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2 cathodes through amorphous coatings. Electrochim Acta 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2022.140745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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9
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Effects of Coating on the Electrochemical Performance of a Nickel-Rich Cathode Active Material. ENERGIES 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/en15134886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
: Due to their safety and high power density, one of the most promising types of all-solid-state lithium batteries is the one made with the argyrodite solid electrolyte (ASE). Although substantial efforts have been made toward the commercialization of this battery, it is still challenged by some technical issues. One of these issues is to prevent the side reactions at the interface of the ASE and the cathode active material (CAM). A solution to address this issue is to coat the CAM particles with a material that is compatible with both ASE and CAM. Prior studies show that the lithium niobate, LiNbO3, (LNO) is a promising material for coating CAM particles to reduce the interfacial side reactions. However, no systematic study is available in the literature to show the effect of coating LNO on CAM performance. This paper aims to quantify the effect of LNO coating on the electrochemical performance of a nickel-rich CAM. The electrochemical performance parameters that are studied are the capacity, cycling performance, and rate performance of the coated-CAM; and the effectiveness of the coating to prevent the side reactions at the ASE and CAM interface is out of the scope of this study. To eliminate the effect of side reactions at the ASE and CAM interface, we conduct all tests in the organic liquid electrolyte (OLE) cells to solely present the effect of coating on the CAM performance. For this purpose, 0.5 wt% and 1 wt% LNO are used to coat the LiNi0.6Mn0.2Co0.2O2 (NMC-60) CAM through two synthesizing methods. Consequently, the effects of the synthesizing method and the coating weight percentage on the NMC-60 performance are presented.
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10
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Kammara V, Venkataswamy P, Ravi G, Ramaswamy K, Sunku M, Vithal M. Preparation, characterization and visible light photocatalytic studies of Ag/AgBr/Li2ZrO3 composite. INORG CHEM COMMUN 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.inoche.2022.109504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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11
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Wang X, Ruan X, Du CF, Yu H. Developments in Surface/Interface Engineering of Ni-Rich Layered Cathode Materials. CHEM REC 2022; 22:e202200119. [PMID: 35733083 DOI: 10.1002/tcr.202200119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2022] [Revised: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Ni-rich layered cathodes with high energy densities reveal an enormous potential for lithium-ion batteries (LIBs), however, their poor stability and reliability have inhibited their application. To ensure their stability over extensive cycles at high voltage, surface/interface modifications are necessary to minimize the adverse reactions at the cathode-electrolyte interface (CEI), which is a critical factor impeding electrode performance. Therefore, this review provides a comprehensive discussion on the surface engineering of Ni-rich cathode materials for enhancing their lithium storage property. Based on the structural characteristics of the Ni-rich cathode, the major failure mechanisms of these structures during synthesis and operation are summarized. Then the existing surface modification techniques are discussed and compared. Recent breakthroughs in various surface coatings and modification strategies are categorized and their unique functionalities in structural protection and performance-enhancing are elaborated. Finally, the challenges and outlook on the Ni-rich cathode materials are also proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaomei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Solidification Processing Center of Advanced Lubrication and Seal Materials, Northwestern Polytechnical University Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710072, P. R. China
| | - Xiaopeng Ruan
- State Key Laboratory of Solidification Processing Center of Advanced Lubrication and Seal Materials, Northwestern Polytechnical University Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710072, P. R. China
| | - Cheng-Feng Du
- Northwestern Polytechnical University, Chongqing Technology innovation Center, Chongqing, 400000, P. R. China
| | - Hong Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Solidification Processing Center of Advanced Lubrication and Seal Materials, Northwestern Polytechnical University Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710072, P. R. China
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12
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Ma Q, Wang Y, Lai F, Meng J, Dmytro S, Zhou L, Yang M, Zhang Q, Zhong S. Induction and Maintenance of Local Structural Durability for High-Energy Nickel-Rich Layered Oxides. SMALL METHODS 2022; 6:e2200255. [PMID: 35522015 DOI: 10.1002/smtd.202200255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Revised: 03/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Nickel-rich layered oxides are one of the most promising cathode candidates for next-generation high-energy-density lithium-ion batteries. However, due to similar ion radius between Li+ and Ni2+ (0.76 and 0.69 Å), the Li+ /Ni2+ mixing phenomenon seriously hinders the migration of Li+ and increases kinetic barrier of Li+ diffusion, resulting in limited rate capability. In this work, the introduction of Ce4+ to effectively improve electrochemical properties of Ni-rich cathode materials is proposed. The LiNi0.8 Co0.15 Al0.05 O2 (LNCA) is modified with an additional precursor oxidization process using an appropriate amount of (NH4 )2 Ce(NO3 )6 . The Ce(NO3 )6 2- easily obtains electrons and generates reduction reactions, while Ni(OH)2 is prone to electron loss and oxidation reaction. The participation of (NH4 )2 Ce(NO3 )6 can promote the oxidation of Ni2+ to Ni3+ , thereby reducing the Li+ /Ni2+ mixing and increasing the structural stability of LNCA samples. Ce4+ cation doping can impede Li+ /Ni2+ mixing of LNCA cathode materials upon the long-term cycles. Both rate performance and long-term cyclability of Li[Ni0.8 Co0.15 Al0.05 ]0.97 Ce0.03 O2 (LNCA-Ce0.03) sample are significantly improved. Besides, a practical pouch cell based on the cathode presents sufficient gravimetric energy density (≈300 Wh kg-1 ) and cycling stability (capacity retention of 81.3% after 500 cycles at 1 C).
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Affiliation(s)
- Quanxin Ma
- Key Laboratory of Power Battery and Materials, Faculty of Materials Metallurgy and Chemistry, Jiangxi University of Science and Technology, Ganzhou, 341000, China
- Far East Battery, FEB Research Institute, Yichun, 336000, China
| | - Yuqin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Power Battery and Materials, Faculty of Materials Metallurgy and Chemistry, Jiangxi University of Science and Technology, Ganzhou, 341000, China
| | - Fulin Lai
- Key Laboratory of Power Battery and Materials, Faculty of Materials Metallurgy and Chemistry, Jiangxi University of Science and Technology, Ganzhou, 341000, China
| | - Junxia Meng
- School of Physics and Electronics, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou, 341000, China
| | - Sydorov Dmytro
- Key Laboratory of Power Battery and Materials, Faculty of Materials Metallurgy and Chemistry, Jiangxi University of Science and Technology, Ganzhou, 341000, China
- The Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry and Petrochemistry, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Murmanska, 1, Kyiv-94, 02094, Ukraine
| | - Lingfei Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Power Battery and Materials, Faculty of Materials Metallurgy and Chemistry, Jiangxi University of Science and Technology, Ganzhou, 341000, China
| | - Mengqian Yang
- Key Laboratory of Power Battery and Materials, Faculty of Materials Metallurgy and Chemistry, Jiangxi University of Science and Technology, Ganzhou, 341000, China
| | - Qian Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Power Battery and Materials, Faculty of Materials Metallurgy and Chemistry, Jiangxi University of Science and Technology, Ganzhou, 341000, China
| | - Shengwen Zhong
- Key Laboratory of Power Battery and Materials, Faculty of Materials Metallurgy and Chemistry, Jiangxi University of Science and Technology, Ganzhou, 341000, China
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13
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Ou L, Nong S, Yang R, Li Y, Tao J, Zhang P, Huang H, Liang X, Lan Z, Liu H, Huang D, Guo J, Zhou W. Multi-Role Surface Modification of Single-Crystalline Nickel-Rich Lithium Nickel Cobalt Manganese Oxides Cathodes with WO3 to Improve Performance for Lithium-Ion Batteries. NANOMATERIALS 2022; 12:nano12081324. [PMID: 35458031 PMCID: PMC9026308 DOI: 10.3390/nano12081324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Revised: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/07/2022]
Abstract
Compared with the polycrystalline system, the single-crystalline ternary cathode material has better cycle stability because the only primary particles without grain boundaries effectively alleviate the formation of micro/nanocracks and retain better structural integrity. Therefore, it has received extensive research attention. There is no consistent result whether tungsten oxide acts as doping and/or coating from the surface modification of the polycrystalline system. Meanwhile, there is no report on the surface modification of the single-crystalline system by tungsten oxide. In this paper, multirole surface modification of single-crystalline nickel-rich ternary cathode material LiNi0.6Co0.2Mn0.2O2 by WO3 is studied by a simple method of adding WO3 followed by calcination. The results show that with the change in the amount of WO3 added, single-crystalline nickel-rich ternary cathode material can be separately doped, separately coated, and both doped and coated. Either doping or coating effectively enhances the structural stability, reduces the polarization of the material, and improves the lithium-ion diffusion kinetics, thus improving the cycle stability and rate performance of the battery. Interestingly, both doping and coating (for SC-NCM622-0.5%WO3) do not show a more excellent synergistic effect, while the single coating (for SC-NCM622-1.0%WO3) after eliminating the rock-salt phase layer performs the most excellent modification effect.
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14
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Park C, Kim MH, Ko S, Lee C, Choi A, Kim T, Park J, Lee DW, Lee SW, Lee HW. Prussian Blue Nanolayer-Embedded Separator for Selective Segregation of Nickel Dissolution in High Nickel Cathodes. NANO LETTERS 2022; 22:1804-1811. [PMID: 34898226 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.1c03973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Transition metal layered oxides (LiNixCoyMn1-x-yO2, NCM) have been considered as one of the most promising cathodes for lithium-ion batteries used in long-mileage electric vehicles and energy storage systems. Despite its potential interest, dissolved transition metal (TM) ions toward anode sides can catalyze parasitic reactions such as electrolytic decomposition and dendritic Li growth, ultimately leading to catastrophic safety hazards. In this study, we demonstrate that Prussian Blue (PB) nanoparticles anchored to a commercial PE separator significantly reduce cell resistance and effectively suppress TM crossover during cycling, even under harsh conditions that accelerate Ni dissolution. Therefore, using a PB-coated separator in a harsh condition to intentionally dissolve Ni2+ ions at a high cutoff potential of 4.6 V, NCM||graphite full cells maintain 50.8% of their initial capacity at the 150th cycle. Scalable production of PB-coated separator through the facile synthetic methods can help establish a new research direction for the design of high-energy-density batteries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changhyun Park
- Department of Energy Engineering, School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Ho Kim
- Department of Energy Engineering, School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Sangho Ko
- Department of Energy Engineering, School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Chanhee Lee
- Department of Energy Engineering, School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Ahreum Choi
- Department of Energy Engineering, School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Taewon Kim
- Department of Energy Engineering, School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinwoo Park
- Department of Energy Engineering, School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Woog Lee
- Department of Energy Engineering, School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Seok Woo Lee
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798, Singapore
| | - Hyun-Wook Lee
- Department of Energy Engineering, School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
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15
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Wu J, Zhu H, Yu H, Wang Z, Jiang H, Li C. Enhancing Surface and Crystal Stability of the Ni-High NCA Cathode for High-Energy and Durable Lithium-Ion Batteries. Ind Eng Chem Res 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.2c00120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jiabao Wu
- Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering, East China University of Science & Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Hierarchical Nanomaterials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, East China University of Science & Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Huawei Zhu
- Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering, East China University of Science & Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Hierarchical Nanomaterials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, East China University of Science & Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Haifeng Yu
- Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering, East China University of Science & Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Hierarchical Nanomaterials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, East China University of Science & Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Zhihong Wang
- Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering, East China University of Science & Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Hierarchical Nanomaterials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, East China University of Science & Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Hao Jiang
- Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering, East China University of Science & Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Hierarchical Nanomaterials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, East China University of Science & Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Chunzhong Li
- Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering, East China University of Science & Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Hierarchical Nanomaterials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, East China University of Science & Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
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16
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Li X, Zhao C, He J, Li Y, Wang Y, Liu L, Huang J, Li C, Wang D, Duan J, Zhang Y. Removing lithium residues via H3BO3 washing and concurrent in-situ formation of a lithium reactive coating on Ni-rich cathode materials toward enhanced electrochemical performance. Electrochim Acta 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2022.139879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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17
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Zhang H, Liu H, Piper LFJ, Whittingham MS, Zhou G. Oxygen Loss in Layered Oxide Cathodes for Li-Ion Batteries: Mechanisms, Effects, and Mitigation. Chem Rev 2022; 122:5641-5681. [PMID: 35025511 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Layered lithium transition metal oxides derived from LiMO2 (M = Co, Ni, Mn, etc.) have been widely adopted as the cathodes of Li-ion batteries for portable electronics, electric vehicles, and energy storage. Oxygen loss in the layered oxides is one of the major factors leading to cycling-induced structural degradation and its associated fade in electrochemical performance. Herein, we review recent progress in understanding the phenomena of oxygen loss and the resulting structural degradation in layered oxide cathodes. We first present the major driving forces leading to the oxygen loss and then describe the associated structural degradation resulting from the oxygen loss. We follow this analysis with a discussion of the kinetic pathways that enable oxygen loss, and then we address the resulting electrochemical fade. Finally, we review the possible approaches toward mitigating oxygen loss and the associated electrochemical fade as well as detail novel analytical methods for probing the oxygen loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanlei Zhang
- Materials Science and Engineering Program & Department of Mechanical Engineering, State University of New York, Binghamton, New York 13902, United States.,NorthEast Center for Chemical Energy Storage, State University of New York, Binghamton, New York 13902, United States
| | - Hao Liu
- NorthEast Center for Chemical Energy Storage, State University of New York, Binghamton, New York 13902, United States
| | - Louis F J Piper
- NorthEast Center for Chemical Energy Storage, State University of New York, Binghamton, New York 13902, United States.,WMG, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
| | - M Stanley Whittingham
- NorthEast Center for Chemical Energy Storage, State University of New York, Binghamton, New York 13902, United States
| | - Guangwen Zhou
- Materials Science and Engineering Program & Department of Mechanical Engineering, State University of New York, Binghamton, New York 13902, United States.,NorthEast Center for Chemical Energy Storage, State University of New York, Binghamton, New York 13902, United States
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18
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Improving Fast Charging-Discharging Performances of Ni-Rich LiNi 0.8Co 0.1Mn 0.1O 2 Cathode Material by Electronic Conductor LaNiO 3 Crystallites. MATERIALS 2022; 15:ma15010396. [PMID: 35009542 PMCID: PMC8746607 DOI: 10.3390/ma15010396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Revised: 12/24/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Fast charging-discharging is one of the important requirements for next-generation high-energy Li-ion batteries, nevertheless, electrons transport in the active oxide materials is limited. Thus, carbon coating of active materials is a common method to supply the routes for electron transport, but it is difficult to synthesize the oxide-carbon composite for LiNiO2-based materials which need to be calcined in an oxygen-rich atmosphere. In this work, LiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2 (NCM811) coated with electronic conductor LaNiO3 (LNO) crystallites is demonstrated for the first time as fast charging-discharging and high energy cathodes for Li-ion batteries. The LaNiO3 succeeds in providing an exceptional fast charging-discharging behavior and initial coulombic efficiency in comparison with pristine NCM811. Consequently, the NCM811@3LNO electrode presents a higher capacity at 0.1 C (approximately 246 mAh g−1) and a significantly improved high rate performance (a discharge specific capacity of 130.62 mAh g−1 at 10 C), twice that of pristine NCM811. Additionally, cycling stability is also improved for the composite material. This work provides a new possibility of active oxide cathodes for high energy/power Li-ion batteries by electronic conductor LaNiO3 coating.
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19
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Akella SH, Taragin S, Wang Y, Aviv H, Kozen AC, Zysler M, Wang L, Sharon D, Lee SB, Noked M. Improvement of the Electrochemical Performance of LiNi 0.8Co 0.1Mn 0.1O 2 via Atomic Layer Deposition of Lithium-Rich Zirconium Phosphate Coatings. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:61733-61741. [PMID: 34904822 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c16373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Owing to its high energy density, LiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2 (NMC811) is a cathode material of prime interest for electric vehicle battery manufacturers. However, NMC811 suffers from several irreversible parasitic reactions that lead to severe capacity fading and impedance buildup during prolonged cycling. Thin surface protection films coated on the cathode material mitigate degradative chemomechanical reactions at the electrode-electrolyte interphase, which helps to increase cycling stability. However, these coatings may impede the diffusion of lithium ions, and therefore, limit the performance of the cathode material at a high C-rate. Herein, we report on the synthesis of zirconium phosphate (ZrxPOy) and lithium-containing zirconium phosphate (LixZryPOz) coatings as artificial cathode-electrolyte interphases (ACEIs) on NMC811 using the atomic layer deposition technique. Upon prolonged cycling, the ZrxPOy- and LixZryPOz-coated NMC811 samples show 36.4 and 49.4% enhanced capacity retention, respectively, compared with the uncoated NMC811. Moreover, the addition of Li ions to the LixZryPOz coating enhances the rate performance and initial discharge capacity in comparison to the ZrxPOy-coated and uncoated samples. Using online electrochemical mass spectroscopy, we show that the coated ACEIs largely suppress the degradative parasitic side reactions observed with the uncoated NMC811 sample. Our study demonstrates that providing extra lithium to the ACEI layer improves the cycling stability of the NMC811 cathode material without sacrificing its rate capability performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sri Harsha Akella
- Department of Chemistry, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan 529002, Israel
- Bar-Ilan Institute of Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials, Ramat Gan 529002, Israel
| | - Sarah Taragin
- Department of Chemistry, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan 529002, Israel
- Bar-Ilan Institute of Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials, Ramat Gan 529002, Israel
| | - Yang Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20740 United States
| | - Hagit Aviv
- Department of Chemistry, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan 529002, Israel
- Bar-Ilan Institute of Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials, Ramat Gan 529002, Israel
| | - Alexander C Kozen
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20740 United States
| | - Melina Zysler
- Department of Chemistry, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan 529002, Israel
- Bar-Ilan Institute of Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials, Ramat Gan 529002, Israel
| | - Longlong Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan 529002, Israel
- Bar-Ilan Institute of Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials, Ramat Gan 529002, Israel
| | - Daniel Sharon
- The Institute of Chemistry, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9190401, Israel
| | - Sang Bok Lee
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20740 United States
| | - Malachi Noked
- Department of Chemistry, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan 529002, Israel
- Bar-Ilan Institute of Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials, Ramat Gan 529002, Israel
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20
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Jiang M, Wu X, Zhang Q, Danilov DL, Eichel RA, Notten PH. Fabrication and interfacial characterization of Ni-rich thin-film cathodes for stable Li-ion batteries. Electrochim Acta 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2021.139316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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21
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Lee EG, Park H, Ji S, Seong SJ, Wu M, Lee SS, Kim Y, Choi S. Understanding the Chemical Composition with Doping Aliovalent Ions, Followed by the Electrochemical Behavior for Surface-Modified Ni-Rich NMC Cathode Materials. Inorg Chem 2021; 60:16294-16302. [PMID: 34623801 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.1c02114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A comparative study of doping aliovalent ions, Zr- or Al-, into Ni-rich Li(Ni,Co,Mn)O2 cathode materials is conducted in terms of the electrochemical properties and chemical analysis, especially on the surface region. The solubility and chemical composition for the given sol-gel treatment matches well with the computational results with which the infinitesimal Zr-coating is identified as exhibiting increased charge capacity with prolonged cycle life. Specifically, the whole process can be understood by the suppressed lithium-ion charge transfer resistance (RCT) during the cycles, which can be facilitated by the decreased NiO formation during the cyclic reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun Gyu Lee
- Advanced Materials Division, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, 141 Gajeongro, Yuseong, Dajeon 34114, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyemin Park
- Advanced Materials Division, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, 141 Gajeongro, Yuseong, Dajeon 34114, Republic of Korea
| | - Seulki Ji
- Advanced Materials Division, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, 141 Gajeongro, Yuseong, Dajeon 34114, Republic of Korea
| | - Si Jin Seong
- Advanced Materials Division, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, 141 Gajeongro, Yuseong, Dajeon 34114, Republic of Korea
| | - Mihye Wu
- Advanced Materials Division, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, 141 Gajeongro, Yuseong, Dajeon 34114, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun Sook Lee
- Advanced Materials Division, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, 141 Gajeongro, Yuseong, Dajeon 34114, Republic of Korea
| | - Yongseon Kim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Inha University, 100 Inharo, Nam-gu, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea
| | - Sungho Choi
- Advanced Materials Division, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, 141 Gajeongro, Yuseong, Dajeon 34114, Republic of Korea
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22
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Zha G, Ouyang C, Yin S, Yao K, Agarwal S, Hu N, Hou H. High Cycling Stability of the LiNi 0.8 Co 0.1 Mn 0.1 O 2 Cathode via Surface Modification with Polyimide/Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes Composite Coating. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2021; 17:e2102981. [PMID: 34585828 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202102981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2021] [Revised: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The Ni-rich LiNi0.8 Co0.10 Mn0.1 O2 (NCM811) cathode coated by combining with multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) and polyimide (PI) produces a PI3-NCM811 cathode, which markedly improves cycling stability and suppresses secondary crystal cracking. The initial discharge capacity of the PI3-NCM811 cathode is 199.6 mAh g-1 between 2.8 and 4.3 V at 0.1 C @ 25 °C, which is slightly lower than that of NCM811 (201.1 mAh g-1 ). The PI3-NCM811 and NCM811 cathodes keep 90.6% and 64.8% of their initial discharge capacity at 1 C between 2.8 and 4.3 V after 500 cycles, respectively. Furthermore, the difference (21.1%) in capacity retention rate between PI3-NCM811 and NCM811 under the condition of 2.8-4.5 V became smaller compared with the difference (25.8%) under the condition of 2.8-4.3 V. This better cyclic stability is mainly attributed to the toughness and elasticity of PI, which inhibits the secondary cracking, maintains the structural integrity of the cathode particles, and protects the particles from electrolyte damage during long-term cycling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guojun Zha
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, China
- School of New Energy Science and Engineering, Xinyu University, Xinyu, China
| | - Chuying Ouyang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, China
| | - Shungao Yin
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, China
| | - Kaiqing Yao
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, China
| | - Seema Agarwal
- Macromolecular Chemistry 2 and Bavarian Centre for Battery Technology, University of Bayreuth, Universitätsstrasse 30, 95440, Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Naigen Hu
- School of New Energy Science and Engineering, Xinyu University, Xinyu, China
| | - Haoqing Hou
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, China
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23
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Xin F, Zhou H, Bai J, Wang F, Whittingham MS. Conditioning the Surface and Bulk of High-Nickel Cathodes with a Nb Coating: An In Situ X-ray Study. J Phys Chem Lett 2021; 12:7908-7913. [PMID: 34383509 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.1c01785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Surface coating is commonly employed by industries to improve the cycling and thermal stability of high-nickel (Ni) transition metal (TM) layered cathodes for their practical use in lithium-ion batteries. Niobium (Nb) coating or substitution has been shown to be effective in stabilizing LiNi0.8Mn0.1Co0.1O2 (NMC811) cathodes; in addition, the electrochemical performance of the final products varies depending on the postprocessing. In this follow-up study, we use in situ synchrotron X-ray diffraction to investigate the kinetic processes and the involved structural evolution in Nb-coated NMC811 upon heat treatment. Quantitative structure analysis reveals thermally driven concurrent changes in the bulk and surface, in particular, the phase evolution of the coating layer and Nb/TM interdiffusion that facilitates penetration of Nb into the bulk and particle growth at the increased temperatures. Findings from this study highlight the new opportunities for the intended control of the structure and surface properties of high-Ni cathodes through surface coating in conjunction with postprocessing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengxia Xin
- Chemistry and Materials, State University of New York at Binghamton, Binghamton, New York 13902-6000, United States
| | - Hui Zhou
- Chemistry and Materials, State University of New York at Binghamton, Binghamton, New York 13902-6000, United States
| | - Jianming Bai
- Energy and Photon Sciences Directorate, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, United States
| | - Feng Wang
- Energy and Photon Sciences Directorate, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, United States
| | - M Stanley Whittingham
- Chemistry and Materials, State University of New York at Binghamton, Binghamton, New York 13902-6000, United States
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24
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Park S, Park K, Shin JS, Ko G, Kim W, Park JY, Kwon K. Utilizing the Intrinsic Thermal Instability of Swedenborgite Structured YBaCo 4O 7+δ as an Opportunity for Material Engineering in Lithium-Ion Batteries by Er and Ga Co-Doping Processes. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 14:4565. [PMID: 34443088 PMCID: PMC8400947 DOI: 10.3390/ma14164565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Revised: 08/08/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
We firstly introduce Er and Ga co-doped swedenborgite-structured YBaCo4O7+δ (YBC) as a cathode-active material in lithium-ion batteries (LIBs), aiming at converting the phase instability of YBC at high temperatures into a strategic way of enhancing the structural stability of layered cathode-active materials. Our recent publication reported that Y0.8Er0.2BaCo3.2Ga0.8O7+δ (YEBCG) showed excellent phase stability compared to YBC in a fuel cell operating condition. By contrast, the feasibility of the LiCoO2 (LCO) phase, which is derived from swedenborgite-structured YBC-based materials, as a LIB cathode-active material is investigated and the effects of co-doping with the Er and Ga ions on the structural and electrochemical properties of Li-intercalated YBC are systemically studied. The intrinsic swedenborgite structure of YBC-based materials with tetrahedrally coordinated Co2+/Co3+ are partially transformed into octahedrally coordinated Co3+, resulting in the formation of an LCO layered structure with a space group of R-3m that can work as a Li-ion migration path. Li-intercalated YEBCG (Li[YEBCG]) shows effective suppression of structural phase transition during cycling, leading to the enhancement of LIB performance in Coulombic efficiency, capacity retention, and rate capability. The galvanostatic intermittent titration technique, cyclic voltammetry and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy are performed to elucidate the enhanced phase stability of Li[YEBCG].
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanghyuk Park
- Department of Energy & Mineral Resources Engineering, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, Korea; (S.P.); (G.K.); (W.K.)
| | - Kwangho Park
- HMC, Department of Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials Engineering, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, Korea; (K.P.); (J.-S.S.)
| | - Ji-Seop Shin
- HMC, Department of Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials Engineering, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, Korea; (K.P.); (J.-S.S.)
| | - Gyeongbin Ko
- Department of Energy & Mineral Resources Engineering, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, Korea; (S.P.); (G.K.); (W.K.)
| | - Wooseok Kim
- Department of Energy & Mineral Resources Engineering, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, Korea; (S.P.); (G.K.); (W.K.)
| | - Jun-Young Park
- HMC, Department of Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials Engineering, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, Korea; (K.P.); (J.-S.S.)
| | - Kyungjung Kwon
- Department of Energy & Mineral Resources Engineering, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, Korea; (S.P.); (G.K.); (W.K.)
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25
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Feng L, Liu Y, Wu L, Qin W, Yang Z. Enhancement on inter-layer stability on Na-doped LiNi0.6Co0.2Mn0.2O2 cathode material. POWDER TECHNOL 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.powtec.2021.04.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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26
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Li T, Li D, Zhang Q, Gao J, Kong X, Fan X, Gou L. Preparation and Electrochemical Performance of Macroporous Ni-rich LiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2 Cathode Material. ACTA CHIMICA SINICA 2021. [DOI: 10.6023/a21010019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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27
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Abstract
The aim of this article is to examine the progress achieved in the recent years on two advanced cathode materials for EV Li-ion batteries, namely Ni-rich layered oxides LiNi0.8Co0.15Al0.05O2 (NCA) and LiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2 (NCM811). Both materials have the common layered (two-dimensional) crystal network isostructural with LiCoO2. The performance of these electrode materials are examined, the mitigation of their drawbacks (i.e., antisite defects, microcracks, surface side reactions) are discussed, together with the prospect on a next generation of Li-ion batteries with Co-free Ni-rich Li-ion batteries.
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28
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Yang H, Li L, Liu C, Chen J, Xia L, Liu Z, Chen J, Chen Z, Duan J. Simultaneous synthesis and synergetic stabilization of Zr-doped and Li6Zr2O7-coated Ni-rich layered cathode for advanced lithium ion batteries. Electrochim Acta 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2020.137120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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29
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Su Y, Chen G, Chen L, Li Q, Lu Y, Bao L, Li N, Chen S, Wu F. Advances and Prospects of Surface Modification on
Nickel‐Rich
Materials for
Lithium‐Ion
Batteries
†. CHINESE J CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/cjoc.202000385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuefeng Su
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Science and Engineering, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology Beijing 100081 China
- Beijing Institute of Technology Chongqing Innovation Center Chongqing 401120 China
| | - Gang Chen
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Science and Engineering, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology Beijing 100081 China
- Beijing Institute of Technology Chongqing Innovation Center Chongqing 401120 China
| | - Lai Chen
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Science and Engineering, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology Beijing 100081 China
- Beijing Institute of Technology Chongqing Innovation Center Chongqing 401120 China
| | - Qing Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Science and Engineering, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology Beijing 100081 China
- Beijing Institute of Technology Chongqing Innovation Center Chongqing 401120 China
| | - Yun Lu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Science and Engineering, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology Beijing 100081 China
- Beijing Institute of Technology Chongqing Innovation Center Chongqing 401120 China
| | - Liying Bao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Science and Engineering, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology Beijing 100081 China
| | - Ning Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Science and Engineering, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology Beijing 100081 China
- Beijing Institute of Technology Chongqing Innovation Center Chongqing 401120 China
| | - Shi Chen
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Science and Engineering, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology Beijing 100081 China
| | - Feng Wu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Science and Engineering, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology Beijing 100081 China
- Beijing Institute of Technology Chongqing Innovation Center Chongqing 401120 China
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30
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Wang X, Bai Y, Wang X, Wu C. High‐Voltage Layered Ternary Oxide Cathode Materials: Failure Mechanisms and Modification Methods
†. CHINESE J CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/cjoc.202000344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaodan Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Science and Engineering, School of Materials Science & Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology No. 5 South Zhongguancun Street Beijing 100081 China
| | - Ying Bai
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Science and Engineering, School of Materials Science & Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology No. 5 South Zhongguancun Street Beijing 100081 China
| | - Xinran Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Science and Engineering, School of Materials Science & Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology No. 5 South Zhongguancun Street Beijing 100081 China
| | - Chuan Wu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Science and Engineering, School of Materials Science & Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology No. 5 South Zhongguancun Street Beijing 100081 China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Electric Vehicles in Beijing Beijing 100081 China
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31
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Yu Z, Qu X, Wan T, Dou A, Zhou Y, Peng X, Su M, Liu Y, Chu D. Synthesis and Mechanism of High Structural Stability of Nickel-Rich Cathode Materials by Adjusting Li-Excess. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:40393-40403. [PMID: 32794687 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c12541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
It has been a long-term challenge to improve the phase stability of Ni-rich LiNixMnyCo1-x-yO2 (x ≥ 0.6) transition metal (TM) oxides for large-scale applications. Herein, a new structure engineering strategy is utilized to optimize the structural arrangement of Li1+x(Ni0.88Mn0.06Co0.06)1-xO2 (NMC88) with a different Li-excess content. It was found that structure stability and particle sizes can be tuned with suitable Li-excess contents. NMC88 with an actual Li-excess of 2.7% (x = 0.027, Li/TM = 1.055) exhibits a high discharge capacity (209.1 mAh g-1 at 3.0-4.3 V, 0.1 C) and maintains 91.7% after the 100th cycle at 1 C compared with the NMC88 sample free of Li-excess. It also performs a delayed voltage decay and a good rate capacity, delivering 145.8 mAh g-1 at a high rate of 10 C. Multiscale characterization technologies including ex/in situ X-ray diffraction (XRD), focused ion beam (FIB) cutting-scanning electronic microscopy (SEM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) results show that a proper Li-excess (2.7%) content contributes to the formation of a broader Li slab, optimized cation mixing ratio, and even particle sizes. Therefore, NMC88 with a proper Li-excess is a good choice for next-generation cathode materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenlu Yu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Xingyu Qu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Tao Wan
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, The University of New South Wales, Sydney 2052, Australia
| | - Aichun Dou
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Yu Zhou
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Xiaoqi Peng
- Hubei Jiangchen New Energy Technology Co., LTD, Zhijiang 443200, China
| | - Mingru Su
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Yunjian Liu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Dewei Chu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, The University of New South Wales, Sydney 2052, Australia
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32
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Wu L, Liu Y, Zhang D, Feng L, Qin W. Improved electrochemical performance at high rates of LiNi0.6Co0.2Mn0.2O2 cathode materials by pressure-treatment. J SOLID STATE CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jssc.2020.121487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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33
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Li W, Yang L, Li Y, Chen Y, Guo J, Zhu J, Pan H, Xi X. Ultra-Thin AlPO 4 Layer Coated LiNi 0.7Co 0.15Mn 0.15O 2 Cathodes With Enhanced High-Voltage and High-Temperature Performance for Lithium-Ion Half/Full Batteries. Front Chem 2020; 8:597. [PMID: 32766209 PMCID: PMC7378848 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2020.00597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2019] [Accepted: 06/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Side-reactions in LiNi1−x-yCoxMnyO2 (0≤−x+y≤1) cathode materials are one kind of the problems that would deteriorate the surface structure and the electrochemical stabilities of the cathodes, especially when they are working at high cut-off voltages and high temperatures. In this study, an ultrathin (~10 nm) AlPO4 coating layer was fabricated through a two-step “feeding” process on LiNi0.7Co0.15Mn0.15O2 (NCM) cathode materials. The structure and chemical composition of the AlPO4 coating were studied by XRD, SEM, TEM, and XPS characterizations. Further electrochemical testing revealed that the AlPO4-coated LiNi0.7Co0.15Mn0.15O2 cathode exhibited enhanced electrochemical stabilities in the case of high cut-off voltage at both 25 and 55°C. In detail, the AlPO4-coated LiNi0.7Co0.15Mn0.15O2 could deliver 186.50 mAh g−1 with 81.5% capacity retention after 100 cycles at 1C over 3–4.5 V in coin cell, far higher than the 71.4% capacity retention of the pristine electrode. In prismatic full cell, the coated sample also kept 89.5% capacity retention at 25°C and 81.1% capacity retention at 55°C even after 300 cycles (2.75–4.35 V, 1C), showing better cycling stability than that of the pristine NCM. The ultrathin AlPO4 coating could not only keep the bulk structure stability from the surface degradation, but also diminishes the electrochemical resistance varies after cycles, thereby supporting the coated cathodes with enhanced electrochemical stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Li
- School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Lishan Yang
- National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for New Petrochemical Materials and Fine Utilization of Resources, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Traditional Chinese Medicine Research (Ministry of Education of China), Key Laboratory of the Assembly and Application of Organic Functional Molecules of Hunan Province, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Yunjiao Li
- School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yongxiang Chen
- School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jia Guo
- School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jie Zhu
- School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Hao Pan
- National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for New Petrochemical Materials and Fine Utilization of Resources, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Traditional Chinese Medicine Research (Ministry of Education of China), Key Laboratory of the Assembly and Application of Organic Functional Molecules of Hunan Province, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Xiaoming Xi
- R&D Department, Changsha Research Institute of Mining and Metallurgy Co. Ltd., Changsha, China
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Kang Y, Deng C, Wang Z, Chen Y, Liu X, Liang Z, Li T, Hu Q, Zhao Y. Molecular Sieve-Modified Separator for High-Performance Lithium-Ion Batteries. NANOSCALE RESEARCH LETTERS 2020; 15:107. [PMID: 32405875 PMCID: PMC7221092 DOI: 10.1186/s11671-020-03327-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2020] [Accepted: 04/21/2020] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) are currently the most important energy storage system. Separators in the battery play a critical role in terms of the rate capability, cycle life, and safe operation. However, commercial separators exhibit poor electrolyte wettability and limited safety. It is also extremely important to eliminate the hazardous small molecules (e.g., H2O and HF) inside the battery to enhance the service life. Herein, a functionalized poly(vinylidene fluoride-co-hexafluoropropylene)@polyacrylonitrile (PVDF-HFP@PAN) separator modified by 4-Å molecular sieves (MS) was fabricated by hydrothermal method for LIBs. MS@PVDF-HFP@PAN separator exhibits high thermal stability and carbonate electrolyte wettability. In addition, it can lower the moisture value in the battery system to 13 ppm, which significantly improves the electrolyte quality. When the current density increased from 0.2 to 5 C, the discharging capacity of the cell with MS@PVDF-HFP@PAN declines from 177.6 to 143.2 mAh g-1, demonstrating an excellent capacity retention of 80.6%. The discharge capacity retention of NMC622 half-cell with MS@PVDF-HFP@PAN after 100 cycles is 98.6% of its initial discharge capacity, which is higher than that of a cell with the Celgard 2400 separator (91.9%).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqiong Kang
- Division of Energy and Environment, Engineering Laboratory for the Next Generation Power and Energy Storage Batteries Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Changjian Deng
- Hoffmann Institute of Advanced Materials, Shenzhen Polytechnic, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Zhengyang Wang
- Division of Energy and Environment, Engineering Laboratory for the Next Generation Power and Energy Storage Batteries Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Yuqing Chen
- Division of Energy and Environment, Engineering Laboratory for the Next Generation Power and Energy Storage Batteries Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Xinyi Liu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Northern Illinois University, DeKalb, IL, 60115, USA
| | - Zheng Liang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA.
| | - Tao Li
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Northern Illinois University, DeKalb, IL, 60115, USA.
| | - Quan Hu
- Changsha Nanoapparatus Co., Ltd, Changsha, 410017, China
| | - Yun Zhao
- Division of Energy and Environment, Engineering Laboratory for the Next Generation Power and Energy Storage Batteries Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, 518055, China.
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Northern Illinois University, DeKalb, IL, 60115, USA.
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Zhang W, Sun Y, Deng H, Ma J, Zeng Y, Zhu Z, Lv Z, Xia H, Ge X, Cao S, Xiao Y, Xi S, Du Y, Cao A, Chen X. Dielectric Polarization in Inverse Spinel-Structured Mg 2 TiO 4 Coating to Suppress Oxygen Evolution of Li-Rich Cathode Materials. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2020; 32:e2000496. [PMID: 32239556 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202000496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2020] [Revised: 02/19/2020] [Accepted: 03/03/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
High-energy Li-rich layered cathode materials (≈900 Wh kg-1 ) suffer from severe capacity and voltage decay during cycling, which is associated with layered-to-spinel phase transition and oxygen redox reaction. Current efforts mainly focus on surface modification to suppress this unwanted structural transformation. However, the true challenge probably originates from the continuous oxygen release upon charging. Here, the usage of dielectric polarization in surface coating to suppress the oxygen evolution of Li-rich material is reported, using Mg2 TiO4 as a proof-of-concept material. The creation of a reverse electric field in surface layers effectively restrains the outward migration of bulk oxygen anions. Meanwhile, high oxygen-affinity elements of Mg and Ti well stabilize the surface oxygen of Li-rich material via enhancing the energy barrier for oxygen release reaction, verified by density functional theory simulation. Benefited from these, the modified Li-rich electrode exhibits an impressive cyclability with a high capacity retention of ≈81% even after 700 cycles at 2 C (≈0.5 A g-1 ), far superior to ≈44% of the unmodified counterpart. In addition, Mg2 TiO4 coating greatly mitigates the voltage decay of Li-rich material with the degradation rate reduced by ≈65%. This work proposes new insights into manipulating surface chemistry of electrode materials to control oxygen activity for high-energy-density rechargeable batteries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhang
- Innovative Centre for Flexible Devices, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Yonggang Sun
- CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology, and CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), and Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Huiqiu Deng
- School of Physics and Electronics, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China
| | - Jianming Ma
- School of Physics and Electronics, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China
| | - Yi Zeng
- Innovative Centre for Flexible Devices, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Zhiqiang Zhu
- Innovative Centre for Flexible Devices, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Zhisheng Lv
- Innovative Centre for Flexible Devices, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Huarong Xia
- Innovative Centre for Flexible Devices, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Xiang Ge
- Innovative Centre for Flexible Devices, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Shengkai Cao
- Innovative Centre for Flexible Devices, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Yao Xiao
- Innovative Centre for Flexible Devices, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Shibo Xi
- Institute of Chemical and Engineering Sciences, 1 Pesek Road, Jurong Island, Singapore, 627833, Singapore
| | - Yonghua Du
- National Synchrotron Light Source II, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY, 11973, USA
| | - Anmin Cao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology, and CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), and Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Xiaodong Chen
- Innovative Centre for Flexible Devices, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
- Singapore-HUJ Alliance for Research and Enterprise, Campus for Research Excellence and Technological Enterprise, Create Way 1, Singapore, 138602, Singapore
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Zhang J, Sun G, Han Y, Yu F, Qin X, Shao G, Wang Z. Boosted electrochemical performance of LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4 via synergistic modification of Li+-Conductive Li2ZrO3 coating layer and superficial Zr-doping. Electrochim Acta 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2020.136105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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37
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Singh SK, Dutta D, Singh RK. Enhanced structural and cycling stability of Li2CuO2-coated LiNi0.33Mn0.33Co0.33O2 cathode with flexible ionic liquid-based gel polymer electrolyte for lithium polymer batteries. Electrochim Acta 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2020.136122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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38
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Qian R, Liu Y, Cheng T, Li P, Chen R, Lyu Y, Guo B. Enhanced Surface Chemical and Structural Stability of Ni-Rich Cathode Materials by Synchronous Lithium-Ion Conductor Coating for Lithium-Ion Batteries. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:13813-13823. [PMID: 32109042 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b21264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Ni-rich cathode materials LiNixCoyMn1-x-yO2 (x ≥ 0.6) have attracted much attention due to their high capacity and low cost. However, they usually suffer from rapid capacity decay and short cycle life due to their surface/interface instability, accompanied by the high Ni content. In this work, with the Ni0.9Co0.05Mn0.05(OH)2 precursor serving as a coating target, a Li-ion conductor Li2SiO3 layer was uniformly coated on Ni-rich cathode material LiNi0.9Co0.05Mn0.05O2 by a precoating and syn-lithiation method. The uniform Li2SiO3 coating layer not only improves the Li-ion diffusion kinetics of the electrode but also reduces mechanical microstrain and stabilizes the surface chemistry and structure with a strong Si-O covalent bond. These results will provide further in-depth understanding on the surface chemistry and structure stabilization mechanisms of Ni-rich cathode materials and help to develop high-capacity cathode materials for next-generation high-energy-density Li-ion batteries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruicheng Qian
- Materials Genome Institute, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Yali Liu
- Shanghai Institute of Space Power Sources, Shanghai 200245, China
| | - Tao Cheng
- Materials Genome Institute, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Panpan Li
- Materials Genome Institute, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Riming Chen
- Materials Genome Institute, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Yingchun Lyu
- Materials Genome Institute, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Bingkun Guo
- Materials Genome Institute, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
- Tianmu Lake Institute of Advanced Energy Storage Technologies, Changzhou 213300, China
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Pender JP, Jha G, Youn DH, Ziegler JM, Andoni I, Choi EJ, Heller A, Dunn BS, Weiss PS, Penner RM, Mullins CB. Electrode Degradation in Lithium-Ion Batteries. ACS NANO 2020; 14:1243-1295. [PMID: 31895532 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.9b04365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 155] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Although Li-ion batteries have emerged as the battery of choice for electric vehicles and large-scale smart grids, significant research efforts are devoted to identifying materials that offer higher energy density, longer cycle life, lower cost, and/or improved safety compared to those of conventional Li-ion batteries based on intercalation electrodes. By moving beyond intercalation chemistry, gravimetric capacities that are 2-5 times higher than that of conventional intercalation materials (e.g., LiCoO2 and graphite) can be achieved. The transition to higher-capacity electrode materials in commercial applications is complicated by several factors. This Review highlights the developments of electrode materials and characterization tools for rechargeable lithium-ion batteries, with a focus on the structural and electrochemical degradation mechanisms that plague these systems.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gaurav Jha
- Department of Chemistry , University of California, Irvine , Irvine , California 92697-2025 , United States
| | - Duck Hyun Youn
- Department of Chemical Engineering , Kangwon National University , Chuncheon , Gangwon-do 24341 , South Korea
| | - Joshua M Ziegler
- Department of Chemistry , University of California, Irvine , Irvine , California 92697-2025 , United States
| | - Ilektra Andoni
- Department of Chemistry , University of California, Irvine , Irvine , California 92697-2025 , United States
| | - Eric J Choi
- Department of Chemistry , University of California, Irvine , Irvine , California 92697-2025 , United States
| | | | | | | | - Reginald M Penner
- Department of Chemistry , University of California, Irvine , Irvine , California 92697-2025 , United States
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40
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Su Y, Zhang Q, Chen L, Bao L, Lu Y, Shi Q, Wang J, Chen S, Wu F. Improved Stability of Layered and Porous Nickel-Rich Cathode Materials by Relieving the Accumulation of Inner Stress. CHEMSUSCHEM 2020; 13:426-433. [PMID: 31609092 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.201902385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2019] [Revised: 10/13/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The commercial application of high-capacity LiNi0.8 Co0.1 Mn0.1 O2 is impeded by its inferior cycling stability, which has been attributed to structural instability caused by stress accumulation during both calcination and cycling. A porous structure was deliberately introduced into nickel-rich material particles to relieve such stress. Cross-sectional SEM and mercury penetration tests confirmed the successful construction of a porous structure. Ex situ TEM and powder XRD confirmed that the porous structure reduced the stress concentration regions in uncycled nickel-rich material by providing a buffer space. In addition, the porous structure helps the permeation of the electrolyte and alleviates the stress accumulation during cycling, endowing the nickel-rich cathode materials with enhanced rate capability and suppressed phase transition. This strategy can be extended for the synthesis of diverse nickel-rich cathode materials to improve their cycling stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuefeng Su
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, P.R. China
| | - Qiyu Zhang
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, P.R. China
| | - Lai Chen
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, P.R. China
| | - Liying Bao
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, P.R. China
| | - Yun Lu
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, P.R. China
| | - Qi Shi
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, P.R. China
| | - Jing Wang
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, P.R. China
| | - Shi Chen
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, P.R. China
| | - Feng Wu
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, P.R. China
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Degradation Mechanisms and Mitigation Strategies of Nickel-Rich NMC-Based Lithium-Ion Batteries. ELECTROCHEM ENERGY R 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s41918-019-00053-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 213] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
The demand for lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) with high mass-specific capacities, high rate capabilities and long-term cyclabilities is driving the research and development of LIBs with nickel-rich NMC (LiNixMnyCo1−x−yO2, $$x \geqslant 0.5$$x⩾0.5) cathodes and graphite (LixC6) anodes. Based on this, this review will summarize recently reported and widely recognized studies of the degradation mechanisms of Ni-rich NMC cathodes and graphite anodes. And with a broad collection of proposed mechanisms on both atomic and micrometer scales, this review can supplement previous degradation studies of Ni-rich NMC batteries. In addition, this review will categorize advanced mitigation strategies for both electrodes based on different modifications in which Ni-rich NMC cathode improvement strategies involve dopants, gradient layers, surface coatings, carbon matrixes and advanced synthesis methods, whereas graphite anode improvement strategies involve surface coatings, charge/discharge protocols and electrolyte volume estimations. Electrolyte components that can facilitate the stabilization of anodic solid electrolyte interfaces are also reviewed, and trade-offs between modification techniques as well as controversies are discussed for a deeper understanding of the mitigation strategies of Ni-rich NMC/graphite LIBs. Furthermore, this review will present various physical and electrochemical diagnostic tools that are vital in the elucidation of degradation mechanisms during operation to supplement future degradation studies. Finally, this review will summarize current research focuses and propose future research directions.
Graphic Abstract
The demand for lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) with high mass specific capacities, high rate capabilities and longterm cyclabilities is driving the research and development of LIBs with nickel-rich NMC (LiNixMnyCo1−x−yO2, x ≥ 0.5) cathodes and graphite (LixC6) anodes. Based on this, this review will summarize recently reported and widely recognized studies of the degradation mechanisms of Ni-rich NMC cathodes and graphite anodes. And with a broad collection of proposed mechanisms on both atomic and micrometer scales, this review can supplement previous degradation studies of Ni-rich NMC batteries. In addition, this review will categorize advanced mitigation strategies for both electrodes based on different modifications in which Ni-rich NMC cathode improvement strategies involve dopants, gradient layers, surface coatings, carbon matrixes and advanced synthesis methods, whereas graphite anode improvement strategies involve surface coatings, charge/discharge protocols and electrolyte volume estimations. Electrolyte components that can facilitate the stabilization of anodic solid-electrolyte interfaces (SEIs) are also reviewed and tradeoffs between modification techniques as well as controversies are discussed for a deeper understanding of the mitigation strategies of Ni-rich NMC/graphite LIBs. Furthermore, this review will present various physical and electrochemical diagnostic tools that are vital in the elucidation of degradation mechanisms during operation to supplement future degradation studies. Finally, this review will summarize current research focuses and propose future research directions.
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Xin F, Zhou H, Chen X, Zuba M, Chernova N, Zhou G, Whittingham MS. Li-Nb-O Coating/Substitution Enhances the Electrochemical Performance of the LiNi 0.8Mn 0.1Co 0.1O 2 (NMC 811) Cathode. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:34889-34894. [PMID: 31466439 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b09696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
High-nickel layered oxides, such as NMC 811, are very attractive high energy density cathode materials. However, the high nickel content creates a number of challenges, including high surface reactivity and structural instability. Through a wet chemistry method, a Li-Nb-O coated and substituted NMC 811 was obtained in a single step treatment. This Li-Nb-O treatment not only supplied a protective surface coating but also optimized the electrochemical behavior by Nb5+ incorporation into the bulk structure. As a result, the 1st capacity loss was significantly reduced (13.7 vs 25.1 mA h/g), contributing at least a 5% increase to the energy density of the full cell. In addition, both the rate (158 vs 135 mA h/g at 2C) and capacity retention (89.6 vs 81.6% after 60 cycles) performance were enhanced.
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Liu Y, Lin XJ, Sun YG, Xu YS, Chang BB, Liu CT, Cao AM, Wan LJ. Precise Surface Engineering of Cathode Materials for Improved Stability of Lithium-Ion Batteries. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2019; 15:e1901019. [PMID: 30997739 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201901019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2019] [Revised: 03/26/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
As lithium-ion batteries continue to climb to even higher energy density, they meanwhile cause serious concerns on their stability and reliability during operation. To make sure the electrode materials, particularly cathode materials, are stable upon extended cycles, surface modification becomes indispensable to minimize the undesirable side reaction at the electrolyte-cathode interface, which is known as a critical factor to jeopardizing the electrode performance. This Review is targeted at a precise surface control of cathode materials with focus on the synthetic strategies suitable for a maximized surface protection ensured by a uniform and conformal surface coating. Detailed discussions are taken on the formation mechanism of the designated surface species achieved by either wet-chemistry routes or instrumental ones, with attention to the optimized electrochemical performance as a result of the surface control, accordingly drawing a clear image to describe the synthesis-structure-performance relationship to facilitate further understanding of functional electrode materials. Finally, perspectives regarding the most promising and/or most urgent developments for the surface control of high-energy cathode materials are provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Xi-Jie Lin
- CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Yong-Gang Sun
- CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Yan-Song Xu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Bao-Bao Chang
- Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Mold, Ministry of Education, National Engineering Research Center for Advanced Polymer Processing Technology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Chun-Tai Liu
- Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Mold, Ministry of Education, National Engineering Research Center for Advanced Polymer Processing Technology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - An-Min Cao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Li-Jun Wan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
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Meng J, Xu H, Ma Q, Li Z, Xu L, Chen Z, Cheng B, Zhong S. Precursor pre-oxidation enables highly exposed plane {010} for high-rate Li-rich layered oxide cathode materials. Electrochim Acta 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2019.04.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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45
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Xu C, Xiang W, Wu Z, Xu Y, Li Y, Wang Y, Xiao Y, Guo X, Zhong B. Highly Stabilized Ni-Rich Cathode Material with Mo Induced Epitaxially Grown Nanostructured Hybrid Surface for High-Performance Lithium-Ion Batteries. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:16629-16638. [PMID: 31002220 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b03403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Capacity fading induced by unstable surface chemical properties and intrinsic structural degradation is a critical challenge for the commercial utilization of Ni-rich cathodes. Here, a highly stabilized Ni-rich cathode with enhanced rate capability and cycling life is constructed by coating the molybdenum compound on the surface of LiNi0.815Co0.15Al0.035O2 secondary particles. The infused Mo ions in the boundaries not only induce the Li2MoO4 layer in the outermost but also form an epitaxially grown outer surface region with a NiO-like phase and an enriched content of Mo6+ on the bulk phase. The Li2MoO4 layer is expected to reduce residential lithium species and promote the Li+ transfer kinetics. The transition NiO-like phase, as a pillaring layer, could maintain the integrity of the crystal structure. With the suppressed electrolyte-cathode interfacial side reactions, structure degradation, and intergranular cracking, the modified cathode with 1% Mo exhibits a superior discharge capacity of 140 mAh g-1 at 10 C, a superior cycling performance with a capacity retention of 95.7% at 5 C after 250 cycles, and a high thermal stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunliu Xu
- College of Materials and Chemistry & Chemical Engineering , Chengdu University of Technology , Chengdu 610059 , P. R. China
- School of Chemical Engineering , Sichuan University , Chengdu 610065 , P. R. China
| | - Wei Xiang
- College of Materials and Chemistry & Chemical Engineering , Chengdu University of Technology , Chengdu 610059 , P. R. China
- Post-doctoral Mobile Research Center of Ruyuan Hec Technology Corporation , Ruyuan 512000 , Guangdong , P. R. China
| | - Zhenguo Wu
- School of Chemical Engineering , Sichuan University , Chengdu 610065 , P. R. China
| | - Yadi Xu
- School of Chemical Engineering , Sichuan University , Chengdu 610065 , P. R. China
| | - Yongchun Li
- School of Chemical Engineering , Sichuan University , Chengdu 610065 , P. R. China
| | - Yuan Wang
- School of Chemical Engineering , Sichuan University , Chengdu 610065 , P. R. China
| | - Yao Xiao
- School of Chemical Engineering , Sichuan University , Chengdu 610065 , P. R. China
| | - Xiaodong Guo
- School of Chemical Engineering , Sichuan University , Chengdu 610065 , P. R. China
- Institute for Superconducting and Electronic Materials, Australian Institute for Innovative Materials , University of Wollongong , Innovation Campus, Squires Way , North Wollongong , NSW 2522 , Australia
| | - Benhe Zhong
- School of Chemical Engineering , Sichuan University , Chengdu 610065 , P. R. China
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46
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Zhao R, Li L, Xu T, Wang D, Pan D, He G, Zhao H, Bai Y. One-Step Integrated Surface Modification To Build a Stable Interface on High-Voltage Cathode for Lithium-Ion Batteries. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:16233-16242. [PMID: 30942575 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b02996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
As one of the most promising cathode materials for next-generation energy storage applications, spinel LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4 (LNMO) has been highlighted due to many advantages. However, it is still hindered by poor electrochemical stability derived from the bulk/interface structure degradation and side reactions under high working voltage. In this work, fast ion conductor Li3V2(PO4)3 (LVPO) is adopted to modify the surface of spinel LNMO by a one-step facile method to harvest the maximum benefit of interface properties. It is found that 1 wt % LVPO-LNMO exhibits the most excellent cycling performances, retaining great capacity retention of 87.8% after 500 cycles at room temperature and 82.4% for 150 cycles at 55 °C. Moreover, the rate performance is also significantly improved (90.4 mAh g-1 under 20C). It is revealed that the LVPO-involved layer could effectively suppress the surface side reactions under high working voltage, which mainly contributes to an improved interface with desirable structural stability and excellent kinetics behavior without sacrificing the surface electrochemical activity in an electrochemical environment. Thus, the dissolution of transition-metal ions is effectively mitigated, avoiding further structure degradation of the bulk material. Especially, it is also established that the vanadium (V) ions in LVPO could be to a certain extent migrated into the surface lattice of LNMO to generate a V-involved transition layer (Li-Ni-Mn-V-O surface solid solution), which greatly co-contributes to the enhanced electrochemical performances owing to the prominently depressed charge-transfer resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Photovoltaic Materials of Henan Province and School of Physics & Electronics , Henan University , Kaifeng 475004 , P. R. China
| | - Li Li
- Key Laboratory of Photovoltaic Materials of Henan Province and School of Physics & Electronics , Henan University , Kaifeng 475004 , P. R. China
| | - Tinghua Xu
- Key Laboratory of Photovoltaic Materials of Henan Province and School of Physics & Electronics , Henan University , Kaifeng 475004 , P. R. China
| | - Dandan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Photovoltaic Materials of Henan Province and School of Physics & Electronics , Henan University , Kaifeng 475004 , P. R. China
| | - Du Pan
- Key Laboratory of Photovoltaic Materials of Henan Province and School of Physics & Electronics , Henan University , Kaifeng 475004 , P. R. China
| | - Guanjie He
- Materials Research Centre, UCL Department of Chemistry , Christopher Ingold Building, 20 Gordon Street , London WC1H 0AJ , U.K
| | - Huiling Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Photovoltaic Materials of Henan Province and School of Physics & Electronics , Henan University , Kaifeng 475004 , P. R. China
| | - Ying Bai
- Key Laboratory of Photovoltaic Materials of Henan Province and School of Physics & Electronics , Henan University , Kaifeng 475004 , P. R. China
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47
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Zhan X, Gao S, Cheng YT. Influence of annealing atmosphere on Li2ZrO3-coated LiNi0.6Co0.2Mn0.2O2 and its high-voltage cycling performance. Electrochim Acta 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2019.01.077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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48
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Dual functions of residue Li-reactive coating with C4H6CoO4 on high-performance LiNiO2 cathode material. Electrochim Acta 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2019.01.083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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49
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Li YC, Xiang W, Wu ZG, Xu CL, Xu YD, Xiao Y, Yang ZG, Wu CJ, Lv GP, Guo XD. Construction of homogeneously Al3+ doped Ni rich Ni-Co-Mn cathode with high stable cycling performance and storage stability via scalable continuous precipitation. Electrochim Acta 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2018.08.124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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50
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Zhang MJ, Teng G, Chen-Wiegart YCK, Duan Y, Ko JYP, Zheng J, Thieme J, Dooryhee E, Chen Z, Bai J, Amine K, Pan F, Wang F. Cationic Ordering Coupled to Reconstruction of Basic Building Units during Synthesis of High-Ni Layered Oxides. J Am Chem Soc 2018; 140:12484-12492. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b06150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Jian Zhang
- Sustainable Energy Technologies Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, United States
- School of Advanced Materials, Peking University, Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Gaofeng Teng
- School of Advanced Materials, Peking University, Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Yu-chen Karen Chen-Wiegart
- Department of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794, United States
- National Synchrotron Light Source II, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, United States
| | - Yandong Duan
- Sustainable Energy Technologies Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, United States
- School of Advanced Materials, Peking University, Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Jun Young Peter Ko
- Cornell High Energy Synchrotron Source, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Jiaxin Zheng
- School of Advanced Materials, Peking University, Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Juergen Thieme
- National Synchrotron Light Source II, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, United States
| | - Eric Dooryhee
- National Synchrotron Light Source II, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, United States
| | - Zonghai Chen
- Electrochemical Technology Program, Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Jianming Bai
- National Synchrotron Light Source II, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, United States
| | - Khalil Amine
- Electrochemical Technology Program, Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Feng Pan
- School of Advanced Materials, Peking University, Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Feng Wang
- Sustainable Energy Technologies Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, United States
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