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Li T, Li H, Chen J, Yu Y, Chen S, Wang J, Qiu H. Histidine-modified pillar[5]arene-functionalized mesoporous silica materials for highly selective enantioseparation. J Chromatogr A 2024; 1727:465011. [PMID: 38776604 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2024.465011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2024] [Revised: 05/14/2024] [Accepted: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
Chiral enantiomers, especially the enantiomers of chiral drugs often exhibit different pharmacological activity, metabolism and toxicity, thus it is of great research significance to scientifically and reasonably develop single chiral drugs with low toxicity and high efficiency. Among them, high performance liquid chromatographic techniques based on chiral stationary phases (CSPs) has become one of the most attractive methods used to evaluate the enantiomeric purity of single-enantiomers compound of pharmacological relevance. In this work, pillar[5]arene functionalized with L- and D-histidine, respectively, were modified on the surface of mesoporous silica as novel chiral stationary phases called L/DHis-BP5-Sil. Notably, L/D-histidine had the characteristics of low steric hindrance and easy derivatization. Although the π-π interaction of imidazole group was weaker than that of benzene ring, the benzene ring bonding imidazole-conjugated ring in the structure produced better enantioseparation effect. The results showed that L/DHis-BP5-Sil can separate a variety of complex structural enantiomers with excellent reproducibility, thermal stability and separation performance. Hence, the unique advantage of the highly selective separation of L/DHis-BP5-Sil provides new insights into the enantioseparation field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Chemistry of Northwestern Plant Resources and Key Laboratory for Natural Medicine of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China; Department of Chemistry, Research Center for Analytical Sciences, College of Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, China
| | - Hui Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Chemistry of Northwestern Plant Resources and Key Laboratory for Natural Medicine of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China.
| | - Jia Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Chemistry of Northwestern Plant Resources and Key Laboratory for Natural Medicine of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Yongliang Yu
- Department of Chemistry, Research Center for Analytical Sciences, College of Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, China
| | - Shuai Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Research Center for Analytical Sciences, College of Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, China.
| | - Jianhua Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Research Center for Analytical Sciences, College of Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, China
| | - Hongdeng Qiu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Chemistry of Northwestern Plant Resources and Key Laboratory for Natural Medicine of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China; Ganjiang Innovation Academy, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ganzhou 341000, China.
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2
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Mu Q, Tian W, Zhang J, Li R, Ji Y. Nanocrystalline Porous Materials for Chiral Separation: Synthesis, Mechanisms, and Applications. Anal Chem 2024; 96:7864-7879. [PMID: 38320090 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.3c01178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Qixuan Mu
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
- Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance, Ministry of Education, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Wanting Tian
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
- Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance, Ministry of Education, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Jiale Zhang
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
- Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance, Ministry of Education, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Ruijun Li
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
- Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance, Ministry of Education, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Yibing Ji
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
- Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance, Ministry of Education, Nanjing 210009, China
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3
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Wang F, He K, Wang R, Ma H, Marriott PJ, Hill MR, Simon GP, Holl MMB, Wang H. A Homochiral Porous Organic Cage-Polymer Membrane for Enantioselective Resolution. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024:e2400709. [PMID: 38721928 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202400709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2024] [Revised: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/21/2024]
Abstract
Membrane-based enantioselective separation is a promising method for chiral resolution due to its low cost and high efficiency. However, scalable fabrication of chiral separation membranes displaying both high enantioselectivity and high flux of enantiomers is still a challenge. Here, the authors report the preparation of homochiral porous organic cage (Covalent cage 3 (CC3)-R)-based enantioselective thin-film-composite membranes using polyamide (PA) as the matrix, where fully organic and solvent-processable cage crystals have good compatibility with the polymer scaffold. The hierarchical CC3-R channels consist of chiral selective windows and inner cavities, leading to favorable chiral resolution and permeation of enantiomers; the CC3-R/PA composite membranes display an enantiomeric excess of 95.2% for R-(+)-limonene over S-(-)-limonene and a high flux of 99.9 mg h-1 m-2. This work sheds light on the use of homochiral porous organic cages for preparing enantioselective membranes and demonstrates a new route for the development of next-generation chiral separation membranes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fanmengjing Wang
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, 3800, Australia
| | - Kaiqiang He
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, 3800, Australia
| | - Ruoxin Wang
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, 3800, Australia
| | - Hongyu Ma
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, 3800, Australia
| | - Philip J Marriott
- School of Chemistry, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, 3800, Australia
| | - Matthew R Hill
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, 3800, Australia
| | - George P Simon
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, 3800, Australia
| | - Mark M Banaszak Holl
- Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA
| | - Huanting Wang
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, 3800, Australia
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4
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Li T, Li H, Chen J, Yu Y, Chen S, Wang J, Qiu H. Preparation and evaluation of two chiral stationary phases based on imidazolyl-functionalized bromoethoxy pillar[5]arene-bonded silica. J Chromatogr A 2024; 1720:464799. [PMID: 38458140 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2024.464799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Revised: 03/01/2024] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/10/2024]
Abstract
Chiral pillar[5]arene-based mesoporous silica, an emerging class of chiral structure, possesses excellent characteristics such as abundant chiral active sites, encapsulated cavity and excellent chiral modification, which make them a promising candidate as new chiral stationary phases (CSPs) in enantioseparation. In this study, two imidazole-containing (S)-1-(4-phenyl-1H-imidazol-2-yl)ethanamine and (S)-Histidinol were respectively modified to bromoethoxy pillar[5]arene-bonded silica to construct new chiral stationary phases (sPIE-BP5-Sil and sHol-BP5-Sil) for the separation and analysis of enantiomers. The separation conditions such as mobile phase composition, flow rate and temperature were optimized. Under optimal conditions, both sPIE-BP5-Sil and sHol-BP5-Sil showed good separation performance for different types of enantiomers. Interestingly, sPIE-BP5-Sil and sHol-BP5-Sil showed better enantioselectivity for chiral aromatic compounds and chiral aliphatic compounds, respectively. This enantioseparation result was closely related to the presence of additional aromatic rings and abundant hydroxyl groups in the side chains of the two chiral groups. In addition, the enantioseparation process was further studied by molecular docking simulation. Therefore, this work provided a new strategy for the preparation and application of imidazolyl-derived pillar[5]arene-based chiral stationary phases, which can be efficiently used for screening and separating enantiomers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong Li
- Department of Chemistry, Research Center for Analytical Sciences, College of Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, China; CAS Key Laboratory of Chemistry of Northwestern Plant Resources and Key Laboratory for Natural Medicine of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Hui Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Chemistry of Northwestern Plant Resources and Key Laboratory for Natural Medicine of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China.
| | - Jia Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Chemistry of Northwestern Plant Resources and Key Laboratory for Natural Medicine of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Yongliang Yu
- Department of Chemistry, Research Center for Analytical Sciences, College of Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, China
| | - Shuai Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Research Center for Analytical Sciences, College of Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, China.
| | - Jianhua Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Research Center for Analytical Sciences, College of Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, China
| | - Hongdeng Qiu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Chemistry of Northwestern Plant Resources and Key Laboratory for Natural Medicine of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China.
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5
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Chen W, Qiu X, Chen Y, Ke J, Ji Y, Chen J. Supramolecular Interaction Modulation in Thermosensitive Composites: Enantiomeric Recognition and Chiral Site Regeneration. Anal Chem 2024; 96:5580-5588. [PMID: 38532617 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.4c00040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/28/2024]
Abstract
Herein, a novel strategy was implemented to modulate the supramolecular interaction between enantiomers and chiral recognition sites (CRSs), effectively resolving the issue of CRS saturation. Randomly methylated-β-cyclodextrin (Rm-β-CD) was used as the CRS (host molecule), and polymerized ionic liquids [poly([vbim]TFSI)] were used as the supramolecular modulator (guest molecule), which self-assembled to generate thermosensitive supramolecular host/guest complexes. The enantiomeric binding capacity and enantioselectivity of chiral separation systems centered on supramolecular host-guest complexes are characterized by a high degree of temperature dependence. Poly([vbim]TFSI) bonded to Rm-β-CD at temperatures between 17 °C ± 3 and 50 °C ± 3 °C, and the binding free energy difference (|ΔΔG|) between the (S)- and (R)-enantiomer was 0.55. Conversely, poly([vbim]TFSI detached from Rm-β-CD at temperatures >50 °C ± 3 °C or <17 °C ± 3 °C, and |ΔΔG| between (S)- and (R)-enantiomer was 0.03. The |ΔΔG| value of the (R)-enantiomer can reach 0.86 in two temperature intervals. Therefore, the binding of poly([vbim]TFSI) to Rm-β-CD afforded the favorable separation of four racemic sample mixtures: mandelic acid (e.e.% = 61.3%), ibuprofen (e.e.% = 21.6%), warfarin (e.e.% = 14.9%), and naproxen (e.e% = 18.2%). The detachment of poly([vbim]TFSI) from Rm-β-CD released the enantiomer bound to CRSs. The decomplexation of mandelic acid reached 75.1%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenbei Chen
- China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Xin Qiu
- China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Yuting Chen
- China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Jian Ke
- China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Yibing Ji
- China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
- Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance, Ministry of Education, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Jianqiu Chen
- China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
- Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance, Ministry of Education, Nanjing 210009, China
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He Q, Chen Y, Liu Y, Wang Q, He C, Liu S. Large-size porous spherical 3D covalent organic framework for preconcentration of bisphenol F in water samples and orange juice. Talanta 2024; 270:125601. [PMID: 38150970 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2023.125601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2023] [Revised: 12/03/2023] [Accepted: 12/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/29/2023]
Abstract
Large-size spherical sorbents with particle size of 10-50 μm are widely applied in separation fields, however it is still a great challenge to synthesize such large-size spherical covalent organic framework (COF). In this work, a type of large-size porous 3D COF was size-controablly synthesized via a two-step strategy, in which a large-size porous 3D spherical polymer was prepared first through a Pickering emulsion polymerization using nano silica as the stabilizer, and subsequently it was converted into porous spherical 3D COF by a solvothermal method. The as-prepared porous spherical COF (COF-320 as a model) showed size-controllable uniform spherical morphology within 15-45 μm, large specific surface area, fine crystalline structure, and good chemical stability. When used as the sorbent for dispersive solid-phase extraction (d-SPE) of bisphenol F (BPF), the porous spherical COF-320 (15 μm) displayed high adsorption capacity (Qmax = 335.6 mg/g), high enrichment factor (80 folds), and good reusability (at least five cycles). By coupling the d-SPE method to HPLC, a new analytical approach was developed and successfully applied to the determination of trace BPF in two water samples, an orange juice and a standard sample with recoveries of 96.0-102.2 % (RSD = 1.1-1.5 %), 95.7-97.4 % (RSD = 1.4-4.4 %) and 98.7 % (RSD = 2.3 %), respectively. The limit of detection (S/N = 3) and limit of quantification (S/N = 10) were 0.1 and 0.3 ng/mL, respectively. The new synthesis strategy opens a viable way to prepare large-size porous spherical COFs, and the developed analytical method can be potentially applied to sensitively detect the trace BPF in water samples and beverages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiong He
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hubei Key Laboratory of Biomass and Eco-dyeing and Finishing, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan 430073, China
| | - Ying Chen
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hubei Key Laboratory of Biomass and Eco-dyeing and Finishing, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan 430073, China
| | - Yuyang Liu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hubei Key Laboratory of Biomass and Eco-dyeing and Finishing, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan 430073, China
| | - Qiang Wang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hubei Key Laboratory of Biomass and Eco-dyeing and Finishing, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan 430073, China
| | - Chiyang He
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hubei Key Laboratory of Biomass and Eco-dyeing and Finishing, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan 430073, China.
| | - Shaorong Liu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK 73019, United States
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Gavara R, Royuela S, Zamora F. A minireview on covalent organic frameworks as stationary phases in chromatography. Front Chem 2024; 12:1384025. [PMID: 38606080 PMCID: PMC11006975 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2024.1384025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Advances in the design of novel porous materials open new avenues for the development of chromatographic solid stationary phases. Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) are promising candidates in this context due to their remarkable structural versatility and exceptional chemical and textural properties. In this minireview, we summarize the main strategies followed in recent years to apply these materials as stationary phases for chromatographic separations. We also comment on the perspectives of this new research field and potential directions to expand the applicability and implementation of COF stationary phases in analytical systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel Gavara
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Institute for Advanced Research in Chemical Sciences (IAdChem), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Sergio Royuela
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Félix Zamora
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Condensed Matter Physics Center (IFIMAC), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
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8
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Ma M, Zhang Y, Huang F, Xu Y. Chiral hydroxyl-controlled covalent organic framework-modified stationary phase for chromatographic enantioseparation. Mikrochim Acta 2024; 191:203. [PMID: 38492084 DOI: 10.1007/s00604-024-06289-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/18/2024]
Abstract
Chiral covalent organic frameworks (CCOFs) possess a superior chiral recognition environment, abundant pore configuration, and favorable physicochemical stability. In the post-synthetic chiral modification of COFs, research usually focused on increasing the density of chiral sites as much as possible, and little attention has been paid to the influence of the density of chiral sites on the spatial structure and chiral separation performance of CCOFs. In this article, 1,3,5-tris(4-aminophenyl) benzene (TPB), 2,5-dihydroxyterephthalaldehyde (DHTP), and 2,5-dimethoxyterephthalaldehyde (DMTP) served as the platform molecules to directly establish hydroxyl-controlled COFs through Schiff base condensation reactions. Then the novel chiral selectors 6-deoxy-6-[1-(2-aminoethyl)-3-(4-(4-isocyanatobenzyl)phenyl)urea]-β-cyclodextrin (UB-β-CD) were pended into the micropore structures of COFs via covalent bond for further construction the [UB-β-CD]x-TPB-DMTP COFs (x represents the density of chiral sites). The chiral sites density on [UB-β-CD]x-TPB-DMTP COFs was regulated by changing the construction proportion of DHTP to obtain a satisfactory CCOFs and significantly improve the ability of chiral separation. [UB-β-CD]x-TPB-DMTP COFs were coated on the inner wall of a capillary via a covalently bonding strategy. The prepared open tubular capillary exhibited strong and broad enantioselectivity toward a variety of chiral analytes, including sixteen racemic amino acids and six model chiral drugs. By comparing the outcomes of chromatographic separation, we observed that the density of chiral sites in CCOFs was not positively correlated with their enantiomeric separation performance. The mechanism of chiral recognition [UB-β-CD]x-TPB-DMTP COFs were further demonstrated by molecular docking simulation. This study not only introduces a new high-efficiency member of the COFs-based CSPs family but also demonstrates the enantioseparation potential of CCOFs constructed with traditional post-synthetic modification (PSM) strategy by utilizing the inherent characteristics of porous organic frameworks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingxuan Ma
- Department of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Hospital of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province, 225000, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanli Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Hospital of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province, 225000, People's Republic of China
| | - Fuhong Huang
- Department of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Hospital of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province, 225000, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuan Xu
- Department of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Hospital of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province, 225000, People's Republic of China.
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Pilli P, Kommalapati HS, Golla VM, Khemchandani R, Ramachandran RK, Samanthula G. Covalent organic frameworks: spotlight on applications in the pharmaceutical arena. Bioanalysis 2024. [PMID: 38445446 DOI: 10.4155/bio-2023-0256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) have much potential in the field of analytical separation research due to their distinctive characteristics, including easy modification, low densities, large specific surface areas and permanent porosity. This article provides a historical overview of the synthesis and broad perspectives on the applications of COFs. The use of COF-based membranes in gas separation, water treatment (desalination, heavy metals and dye removal), membrane filtration, photoconduction, sensing and fuel cells is also covered. However, these COFs also demonstrate great promise as solid-phase extraction sorbents and solid-phase microextraction coatings. In addition to various separation applications, this work aims to highlight important advancements in the synthesis of COFs for chiral and isomeric compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pushpa Pilli
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education & Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, Balanagar, Telangana, 500037, India
| | - Hema Sree Kommalapati
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education & Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, Balanagar, Telangana, 500037, India
| | - Vijaya Madhyanapu Golla
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education & Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, Balanagar, Telangana, 500037, India
| | - Rahul Khemchandani
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education & Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, Balanagar, Telangana, 500037, India
| | - Roshitha Kunnath Ramachandran
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education & Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, Balanagar, Telangana, 500037, India
| | - Gananadhamu Samanthula
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education & Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, Balanagar, Telangana, 500037, India
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Chen Y, He Q, Liu Y, Wang Q, He C, Liu S. Size-controllable synthesis of large-size spherical 3D covalent organic frameworks as efficient on-line solid-phase extraction sorbents coupled to HPLC. Anal Chim Acta 2024; 1287:342061. [PMID: 38182368 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2023.342061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Revised: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/07/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) have found promising applications in separation fields due to their large surface area and high adsorption capacity, but the exiting COFs can not be directly used as the packing materials of on-line solid-phase extraction (SPE) coupled to HPLC and HPLC because their nano/submicron size or irregular shapes might cause ultrahigh column back pressure and low column efficiency. To synthesize the large-size spherical COFs larger than 3 μm as sorbents might be able to address these problems, however it is still a great challenge till now. RESULTS In this work, two large-size spherical 3D COFs (COF-320 and COF-300) were size-controllably synthesized within 10-90 μm via a two-step strategy. These two spherical COFs showed large surface area, fine crystallinity, good chemical/mechanical stability, and good reproducibility. As an application case, when used as the on-line SPE sorbents coupled to HPLC, the large-size spherical COF-320 displayed high binding capacity for bisphenol F (Qmax of 452.49 mg/g), low column back pressure (6-8 psi at flow rate of 1 mL/min), and good reusability (at least 30 cycles). The developed on-line-SPE-HPLC-UV method presented good analytical performance with enrichment factor of 667 folds, linear range of 1.0-400 ng/mL, limit of detection (LOD, S/N = 3) of 0.3 ng/mL, limit of quantification (LOQ, S/N = 10) of 1.0 ng/mL, and recoveries of 100.3-103.2 % (RSDs of 2.0-3.5 %) and 95.2-97.0 % (RSDs of 4.3-5.6 %) for tap water and lake water samples, respectively. SIGNIFICANCE This is the first case to synthesize the large-size spherical COFs within 10-90 μm, and this work made it possible to directly use COFs as the filling materials of on-line SPE coupled to HPLC and HPLC. The developed analytical method can be potentially applied to the rapid and sensitive detection of trace bisphenol F in environmental water samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Chen
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hubei Key Laboratory of Biomass and Eco-dyeing and Finishing, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan, 430073, China
| | - Qiong He
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hubei Key Laboratory of Biomass and Eco-dyeing and Finishing, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan, 430073, China
| | - Yuyang Liu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hubei Key Laboratory of Biomass and Eco-dyeing and Finishing, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan, 430073, China
| | - Qiang Wang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hubei Key Laboratory of Biomass and Eco-dyeing and Finishing, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan, 430073, China
| | - Chiyang He
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hubei Key Laboratory of Biomass and Eco-dyeing and Finishing, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan, 430073, China.
| | - Shaorong Liu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, 73019, United States
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11
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Sui J, Wang N, Wang J, Huang X, Wang T, Zhou L, Hao H. Strategies for chiral separation: from racemate to enantiomer. Chem Sci 2023; 14:11955-12003. [PMID: 37969602 PMCID: PMC10631238 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc01630g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Chiral separation has become a crucial topic for effectively utilizing superfluous racemates synthesized by chemical means and satisfying the growing requirements for producing enantiopure chiral compounds. However, the remarkably close physical and chemical properties of enantiomers present significant obstacles, making it necessary to develop novel enantioseparation methods. This review comprehensively summaries the latest developments in the main enantioseparation methods, including preparative-scale chromatography, enantioselective liquid-liquid extraction, crystallization-based methods for chiral separation, deracemization process coupling racemization and crystallization, porous material method and membrane resolution method, focusing on significant cases involving crystallization, deracemization and membranes. Notably, potential trends and future directions are suggested based on the state-of-art "coupling" strategy, which may greatly reinvigorate the existing individual methods and facilitate the emergence of cross-cutting ideas among researchers from different enantioseparation domains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingchen Sui
- National Engineering Research Center of Industrial Crystallization Technology, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University Tianjin 300072 P. R. China +86-22-2740-5754
| | - Na Wang
- National Engineering Research Center of Industrial Crystallization Technology, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University Tianjin 300072 P. R. China +86-22-2740-5754
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering Tianjin 300072 P. R. China
| | - Jingkang Wang
- National Engineering Research Center of Industrial Crystallization Technology, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University Tianjin 300072 P. R. China +86-22-2740-5754
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering Tianjin 300072 P. R. China
| | - Xin Huang
- National Engineering Research Center of Industrial Crystallization Technology, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University Tianjin 300072 P. R. China +86-22-2740-5754
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering Tianjin 300072 P. R. China
| | - Ting Wang
- National Engineering Research Center of Industrial Crystallization Technology, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University Tianjin 300072 P. R. China +86-22-2740-5754
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering Tianjin 300072 P. R. China
| | - Lina Zhou
- National Engineering Research Center of Industrial Crystallization Technology, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University Tianjin 300072 P. R. China +86-22-2740-5754
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering Tianjin 300072 P. R. China
| | - Hongxun Hao
- National Engineering Research Center of Industrial Crystallization Technology, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University Tianjin 300072 P. R. China +86-22-2740-5754
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering Tianjin 300072 P. R. China
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Hainan University Haikou 570228 China
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12
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Huo H, Guan J, Huang Z, Long K, Zhang D, Shi S, Yan F. Preparation of β-cyclodextrin covalent organic framework-immobilized poly(glycidyl methacrylate) nanoparticle-coated open tubular capillary electrochromatography column for chiral separation. J Sep Sci 2023:e2300117. [PMID: 37246276 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.202300117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2023] [Revised: 05/07/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
A new enantioselective open-tubular capillary electrochromatography was developed employing poly(glycidyl methacrylate) nanoparticles/β-cyclodextrin covalent organic frameworks chemically immobilized on the inner wall of the capillary as a stationary phase. A pretreated silica-fused capillary reacted with 3-aminopropyl-trimethoxysilane followed by poly(glycidyl methacrylate) nanoparticles and β-cyclodextrin covalent organic frameworks through a ring-opening reaction. The resulting coating layer on the capillary was characterized by scanning electron microscopy and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The electroosmotic flow was studied to evaluate the variation of the immobilized columns. The chiral separation performance of the fabricated capillary columns was validated by the analysis of the four racemic proton pump inhibitors including lansoprazole, pantoprazole, tenatoprazole, and omeprazole. The influences of bonding concentration, bonding time, bonding temperature, buffer type and concentration, buffer pH, and applied voltage on the enantioseparation of four proton pump inhibitors were investigated. Good enantioseparation efficiencies were achieved for all enantiomers. In the optimum conditions, the enantiomers of four proton pump inhibitors were fully resolved within 10 min with high resolutions of 9.5-13.9. The column-to-column and inter- to intra-day repeatability of the fabricated capillary columns through relative standard deviation were found better than 9.54%, exhibiting satisfactory stability and repeatability of the fabricated capillary columns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyi Huo
- College of Chemical Engineering, Liaoning & Shenyang Key Laboratory of Functional Dye and Pigment, Shenyang University of Chemical Technology, Shenyang, P. R. China
| | - Jin Guan
- College of Chemical Engineering, Liaoning & Shenyang Key Laboratory of Functional Dye and Pigment, Shenyang University of Chemical Technology, Shenyang, P. R. China
| | - Ziwei Huang
- College of Chemical Engineering, Liaoning & Shenyang Key Laboratory of Functional Dye and Pigment, Shenyang University of Chemical Technology, Shenyang, P. R. China
| | - Ke Long
- College of Chemical Engineering, Liaoning & Shenyang Key Laboratory of Functional Dye and Pigment, Shenyang University of Chemical Technology, Shenyang, P. R. China
| | - Dongxiang Zhang
- College of Chemical Engineering, Liaoning & Shenyang Key Laboratory of Functional Dye and Pigment, Shenyang University of Chemical Technology, Shenyang, P. R. China
| | - Shuang Shi
- College of Chemical Engineering, Liaoning & Shenyang Key Laboratory of Functional Dye and Pigment, Shenyang University of Chemical Technology, Shenyang, P. R. China
| | - Feng Yan
- College of Science, Shenyang University of Chemical Technology, Shenyang, P. R. China
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13
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Wu J, Li L, Cao L, Liu X, Li R, Ji Y. Chirality-Controlled Mercapto-β-cyclodextrin Covalent Organic Frameworks for Selective Adsorption and Chromatographic Enantioseparation. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023. [PMID: 37236148 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c04066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Chiral covalent organic frameworks (CCOFs) benefit from superior stability, abundant chiral environment, and homogeneous pore configuration. In its constructive tactics, only the post-modification method allows for the integration of supramolecular chiral selectors into achiral COFs. Here, the finding utilizes 6-deoxy-6-mercapto-β-cyclodextrin (SH-β-CD) as chiral subunits and 2,5-dihydroxy-1,4-benzenedicarboxaldehyde (DVA) as the platform molecule to synthesize chiral functional monomers through thiol-ene click reactions and directly establish ternary "pendant-type" SH-β-CD COFs. The chiral site density on SH-β-CD COFs was regulated by changing the proportion of chiral monomers to obtain an optimal construction strategy and remarkably improve the ability of chiral separation. SH-β-CD COFs were coated on the inner wall of the capillary in a covalently bound manner. The prepared open tubular capillary was achieved for the separation of six chiral drugs. By combining the outcomes of selective adsorption and chromatographic separation, we observed the higher density of chiral sites in the CCOFs, and poorer results were achieved. From the perspective of spatial conformational distribution, we interpret the variation in the performance of these chirality-controlled CCOFs for selective adsorption and chiral separation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaqi Wu
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
- Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance, Ministry of Education, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Lingyu Li
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
- Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance, Ministry of Education, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Liqin Cao
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
- Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance, Ministry of Education, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Xue Liu
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
- Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance, Ministry of Education, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Ruijun Li
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
- Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance, Ministry of Education, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Yibing Ji
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
- Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance, Ministry of Education, Nanjing 210009, China
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14
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Long H, Jiang Y, Liu Y, Zhang Y, Chen W, Tang S. Chromatographic separation performance of silica microspheres surface-modified with triazine-containing imine-linked covalent organic frameworks. Talanta 2023; 260:124589. [PMID: 37126925 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2023.124589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Revised: 04/08/2023] [Accepted: 04/23/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
In this work, 2,4,6-tris(4-aminophenyl)-1,3,5-triazine (TAPT) and 1,3,5-tris(4-formylphenyl)benzene (TFPB) were used as monomers to construct a triazine-containing imine-linked covalent organic framework (COF), which was then bonded onto the surface of aldehydized silica (SiO2-CHO), and finally a COF@silica composite material (TAPT-TFPB COF@SiO2) was successfully prepared. The chromatographic separation performance of SiO2-CHO, TAPT-TFPB COF@SiO2 and TAPT-TFPB COF@SiO2/SiO2-CHO (80/20, mass ratio) was evaluated and compared. It was found that separation efficiency was obviously enhanced by adding an appropriate amount of SiO2-CHO into TAPT-TFPB COF@SiO2. The obtained TAPT-TFPB COF@SiO2/SiO2-CHO showed more favorable separation ability than SiO2-CHO and TAPT-TFPB COF@SiO2. Various aromatic compounds including alkylbenzenes, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, environmental endocrine disruptors, foodborne stimulants and phenyl ketones were effectively separated on the TAPT-TFPB COF@SiO2/SiO2-CHO column in reversed phase chromatography mode. The silica microspheres surface-modified with triazine-containing imine-linked COFs proved to be a new type of promising chromatographic packing materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoyu Long
- School of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Process of Ministry of Education, Engineering Research Center of Phosphorus Resources Development and Utilization of Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Novel Reactor and Green Chemical Technology, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan, 430205, China
| | - Yanhao Jiang
- School of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Process of Ministry of Education, Engineering Research Center of Phosphorus Resources Development and Utilization of Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Novel Reactor and Green Chemical Technology, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan, 430205, China
| | - Yanjuan Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Linyi University, Shuangling Road, Linyi, 276000, Shandong, China
| | - Yuefei Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Process of Ministry of Education, Engineering Research Center of Phosphorus Resources Development and Utilization of Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Novel Reactor and Green Chemical Technology, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan, 430205, China
| | - Wei Chen
- School of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Process of Ministry of Education, Engineering Research Center of Phosphorus Resources Development and Utilization of Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Novel Reactor and Green Chemical Technology, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan, 430205, China
| | - Sheng Tang
- School of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Process of Ministry of Education, Engineering Research Center of Phosphorus Resources Development and Utilization of Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Novel Reactor and Green Chemical Technology, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan, 430205, China.
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15
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Song R, Li Y, Chen Y, Qiu Z, Huang L. Chiral covalent organic framework incorporated organic polymer monolithic capillary column for enantioseparations. J Sep Sci 2023; 46:e2201039. [PMID: 36750206 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.202201039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Revised: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 02/04/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
A chiral covalent organic framework was synthesized, characterized, and incorporated into organic polymer monolithic capillary columns to provide chiral stationary phases for enantioseparations. The prepared monolithic capillary columns were characterized by scanning electron microscopy and elemental analysis. To obtain better enantioseparations, the columns' preparation conditions, and enantioseparation conditions were optimized. Baseline resolutions of several chiral compounds were obtained with good reproducibility and stability. Furthermore, the mechanism of chiral recognition was investigated using molecular docking with AutoDock. Docking results showed that the enantioselectivity factor rather than resolution is correlated with the binding free energy difference between enantiomers with the chiral covalent organic framework. And abundant acetoxy and nitrile groups as well as benzene rings in the chiral covalent organic framework are responsible for the enantioseparation ability of the chiral monolithic capillary columns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruike Song
- College of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Fujian Provincial University Engineering Research Center of Green Materials and Chemical Engineering, Fujian Engineering and Research Center of New Chinese Lacquer Materials, Minjiang University, Fuzhou, P. R. China
| | - Yanxia Li
- College of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Fujian Provincial University Engineering Research Center of Green Materials and Chemical Engineering, Fujian Engineering and Research Center of New Chinese Lacquer Materials, Minjiang University, Fuzhou, P. R. China
| | - Yiting Chen
- College of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Fujian Provincial University Engineering Research Center of Green Materials and Chemical Engineering, Fujian Engineering and Research Center of New Chinese Lacquer Materials, Minjiang University, Fuzhou, P. R. China
| | - Zhenli Qiu
- College of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Fujian Provincial University Engineering Research Center of Green Materials and Chemical Engineering, Fujian Engineering and Research Center of New Chinese Lacquer Materials, Minjiang University, Fuzhou, P. R. China
| | - Lu Huang
- College of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Fujian Provincial University Engineering Research Center of Green Materials and Chemical Engineering, Fujian Engineering and Research Center of New Chinese Lacquer Materials, Minjiang University, Fuzhou, P. R. China
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16
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Pédehontaa-Hiaa G, Gaudière F, Khelif R, Morin-Grognet S, Labat B, Lutzweiler G, Le Derf F, Atmani H, Morin C, Ladam G. Polyvalent incorporation of anionic β-cyclodextrin polymers into Layer-by-Layer coatings. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2023.131154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/21/2023]
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17
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Liu Y, He N, Lu Y, Li W, He X, Li Z, Chen Z. A benzenesulfonic acid-modified organic polymer monolithic column with reversed-phase/hydrophilic bifunctional selectivity for capillary electrochromatography. J Pharm Anal 2023; 13:209-215. [PMID: 36908858 PMCID: PMC9999294 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpha.2022.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Revised: 10/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Here, a styrene-based polymer monolithic column poly(VBS-co-TAT-co-AHM) with reversed-phase/hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography (RPLC/HILIC) bifunctional separation mode was successfully prepared for capillary electrochromatography by the in situ polymerization of sodium p-styrene sulfonate (VBS) with cross-linkers 3-(acryloyloxy)-2-hydroxypropyl methacrylate (AHM) and 1,3,5-triacryloylhexahydro-1,3,5-triazine (TAT). The preparation conditions of the monolith were optimized. The morphology and formation of the poly(VBS-co-TAT-co-AHM) monolith were confirmed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR). The separation performances of the monolith were evaluated systematically. It should be noted that the incorporation of VBS functional monomer can provide π-π interactions, hydrophilic interactions, and ion-exchange interactions. Hence, the prepared poly(VBS-co-TAT-co-AHM) monolith can achieve efficient separation of thiourea compounds, benzene series, phenol compounds, aniline compounds and sulfonamides in RPLC or HILIC separation mode. The largest theoretical plate number for N,N'-dimethylthiourea reached 1.7 × 105 plates/m. In addition, the poly(VBS-co-TAT-co-AHM) monolithic column showed excellent reproducibility and stability. This novel monolithic column has great application value and potential in capillary electrochromatography (CEC).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yikun Liu
- Department of Orthopedics Trauma and Microsurgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China.,Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery, Ministry of Education, Hubei Province Engineering and Technology Research Center for Fluorinated Pharmaceuticals, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Ning He
- Department of Orthopedics Trauma and Microsurgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China.,Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery, Ministry of Education, Hubei Province Engineering and Technology Research Center for Fluorinated Pharmaceuticals, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Yingfang Lu
- Department of Orthopedics Trauma and Microsurgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Weiqiang Li
- Department of Orthopedics Trauma and Microsurgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Xin He
- Department of Orthopedics Trauma and Microsurgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Zhentao Li
- Department of Orthopedics Trauma and Microsurgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China.,Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery, Ministry of Education, Hubei Province Engineering and Technology Research Center for Fluorinated Pharmaceuticals, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Zilin Chen
- Department of Orthopedics Trauma and Microsurgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China.,Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery, Ministry of Education, Hubei Province Engineering and Technology Research Center for Fluorinated Pharmaceuticals, Wuhan, 430071, China
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18
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Recent applications and chiral separation developments based on stationary phases in open tubular capillary electrochromatography (2019–2022). J Pharm Anal 2023; 13:323-339. [PMID: 37181297 PMCID: PMC10173184 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpha.2023.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2022] [Revised: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Capillary electrochromatography (CEC) plays a significant role in chiral separation via the double separation principle, partition coefficient difference between the two phases, and electroosmotic flow-driven separation. Given the distinct properties of the inner wall stationary phase (SP), the separation ability of each SP differs from one another. Particularly, it provides large room for promising applications of open tubular capillary electrochromatography (OT-CEC). We divided the OT-CEC SPs developed over the past four years into six types: ionic liquids, nanoparticle materials, microporous materials, biomaterials, non-nanopolymers, and others, to mainly introduce their characteristics in chiral drug separation. There also added a few classic SPs that occurred within ten years as supplements to enrich the features of each SP. Additionally, we discuss their applications in metabolomics, food, cosmetics, environment, and biology as analytes in addition to chiral drugs. OT-CEC plays an increasingly significant role in chiral separation and may promote the development of capillary electrophoresis (CE) combined with other instruments in recent years, such as CE with mass spectrometry (CE/MS) and CE with ultraviolet light detector (CE/UV).
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19
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Recent progress of membrane technology for chiral separation: A comprehensive review. Sep Purif Technol 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2022.123077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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20
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Chen J, Wang X, Fan K, Luo P, Peng H, Peng J. Preparation of spherical silica hydroxyl-functionalized covalent organic polymer composites for mixed-mode liquid chromatography. J Sep Sci 2023; 46:e2200637. [PMID: 36377530 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.202200637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2022] [Revised: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Covalent organic polymers are an emerging class of amorphous microporous materials that have raised increasing concerns in analytical chemistry due to their unique structural and surface chemical properties. However, the application of covalent organic polymers as mixed-mode stationary phases in chromatographic separations has rarely been reported. Herein, novel spherical silica hydroxyl-functionalized covalent organic polymer composites were successfully prepared via a layer-by-layer approach. The structure and morphology of the materials were carefully characterized by elemental analysis, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, thermogravimetric analysis, Brunauer-Emmett-Teller, and contact angle measurements. Baseline separations of various alkylbenzenes, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, and nucleosides and bases were achieved on the prepared stationary phase under reversed-phase/hydrophilic interaction mode. The column efficiencies of 23 853 and 36 580 plates/m were obtained for butylbenzene and uracil, respectively, and the relative standard deviation of the retention time for continuous injections was less than 1.38% (n = 10), suggesting satisfactory column efficiency and repeatability. Additionally, this novel stationary phase realized the complete separation of the endocrine-disrupting chemicals in river water. This work affords a new route for synthesizing covalent organic polymers-based mixed-mode stationary phase and further reveals their great potential in chromatographic separation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Chen
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, P. R. China.,Chemical Synthesis and Pollution Control Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, China West Normal University, Nanchong, P. R. China
| | - Xiang Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, P. R. China
| | - Kun Fan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, P. R. China
| | - Pan Luo
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, P. R. China
| | - Huanjun Peng
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, P. R. China
| | - Jingdong Peng
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, P. R. China
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21
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Khalil S, Meyer MD, Alazmi A, Samani MHK, Huang PC, Barnes M, Marciel AB, Verduzco R. Enabling Solution Processable COFs through Suppression of Precipitation during Solvothermal Synthesis. ACS NANO 2022; 16:20964-20974. [PMID: 36413762 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.2c08580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) are crystalline, nanoporous materials of interest for various applications, but current COF synthetic routes lead to insoluble aggregates which precludes processing for practical implementation. Here, we report a COF synthesis method that produces a stable, homogeneous suspension of crystalline COF nanoparticles that enables the preparation of COF monoliths, membranes, and films using conventional solution-processing techniques. Our approach involves the use of a polar solvent, diacid catalyst, and slow reagent mixing procedure at elevated temperatures which altogether enable access to crystalline COF nanoparticle suspension that does not aggregate or precipitate when kept at elevated temperatures. On cooling, the suspension undergoes a thermoreversible gelation transition to produce crystalline and highly porous COF materials. We further show that the modified synthesis approach is compatible with various COF chemistries, including both large- and small-pore imine COFs, hydrazone-linked COFs, and COFs with rhombic and hexagonal topologies, and in each case, we demonstrate that the final product has excellent crystallinity and porosity. The final materials contain both micro- and macropores, and the total porosity can be tuned through variation of sample annealing. Dynamic light scattering measurements reveal the presence of COF nanoparticles that grow with time at room temperature, transitioning from a homogeneous suspension to a gel. Finally, we prepare imine COF membranes and measure their rejection of polyethylene glycol (PEG) polymers and oligomers, and these measurements exhibit size-dependent rejection and adsorption of PEG solutes. This work demonstrates a versatile processing strategy to create crystalline and porous COF materials using solution-processing techniques and will greatly advance the development of COFs for various applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Safiya Khalil
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Rice University, 6100 Main Street, MS-362, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | - Matthew D Meyer
- Shared Equipment Authority, Rice University, 6100 Main Street, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | - Abdullah Alazmi
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Rice University, 6100 Main Street, MS-362, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | - Mohammad H K Samani
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Rice University, 6100 Main Street, MS-362, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | - Po-Chun Huang
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Rice University, 6100 Main Street, MS-362, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | - Morgan Barnes
- Department of Materials Science and NanoEngineering, Rice University, 6100 Main Street, MS-364, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | - Amanda B Marciel
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Rice University, 6100 Main Street, MS-362, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | - Rafael Verduzco
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Rice University, 6100 Main Street, MS-362, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
- Nanosystems Engineering Research Center for Nanotechnology-Enabled Water Treatment Rice University, 6100 Main Street, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
- Department of Materials Science and NanoEngineering, Rice University, 6100 Main Street, MS-364, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
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22
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Chen L, Ge L, Liang Q, Zhao Z, Yang K. Eutectic solvents formed by (+)-DTTA and L-menthol as novel chiral recognition and separation media for enantioselective extraction of valsartan enantiomers. J Mol Liq 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2022.120818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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23
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Zhang L, Tan QG, Fan JQ, Sun C, Luo YT, Liang RP, Qiu JD. Microfluidics for chiral separation of biomolecules. Trends Analyt Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2022.116842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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24
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Yan Y, Cai X, Cheng S, Xie X, Lan Y, Wu J, Fan J, Zheng S, Cai S, Zhang W. Beta‐cyclodextrin covalent organic framework coated silica composite as chiral stationary phase for high‐performance liquid chromatographic separation. SEPARATION SCIENCE PLUS 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/sscp.202200104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yilun Yan
- GDMPA Key Laboratory for Process Control and Quality Evaluation of Chiral Pharmaceuticals, School of Chemistry South China Normal University Guangzhou P. R. China
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biomedicine School of Chemistry South China Normal University Guangzhou P. R. China
| | - Xinting Cai
- GDMPA Key Laboratory for Process Control and Quality Evaluation of Chiral Pharmaceuticals, School of Chemistry South China Normal University Guangzhou P. R. China
| | - Siyuan Cheng
- GDMPA Key Laboratory for Process Control and Quality Evaluation of Chiral Pharmaceuticals, School of Chemistry South China Normal University Guangzhou P. R. China
| | - Xuexian Xie
- GDMPA Key Laboratory for Process Control and Quality Evaluation of Chiral Pharmaceuticals, School of Chemistry South China Normal University Guangzhou P. R. China
| | - Yixin Lan
- GDMPA Key Laboratory for Process Control and Quality Evaluation of Chiral Pharmaceuticals, School of Chemistry South China Normal University Guangzhou P. R. China
| | - Jialin Wu
- GDMPA Key Laboratory for Process Control and Quality Evaluation of Chiral Pharmaceuticals, School of Chemistry South China Normal University Guangzhou P. R. China
| | - Jun Fan
- GDMPA Key Laboratory for Process Control and Quality Evaluation of Chiral Pharmaceuticals, School of Chemistry South China Normal University Guangzhou P. R. China
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biomedicine School of Chemistry South China Normal University Guangzhou P. R. China
- SCNU Qingyuan Institute of Science and Technology Innovation Ltd Qingyuan P. R. China
| | - Shengrun Zheng
- GDMPA Key Laboratory for Process Control and Quality Evaluation of Chiral Pharmaceuticals, School of Chemistry South China Normal University Guangzhou P. R. China
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biomedicine School of Chemistry South China Normal University Guangzhou P. R. China
- SCNU Qingyuan Institute of Science and Technology Innovation Ltd Qingyuan P. R. China
| | - Songliang Cai
- GDMPA Key Laboratory for Process Control and Quality Evaluation of Chiral Pharmaceuticals, School of Chemistry South China Normal University Guangzhou P. R. China
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biomedicine School of Chemistry South China Normal University Guangzhou P. R. China
- SCNU Qingyuan Institute of Science and Technology Innovation Ltd Qingyuan P. R. China
| | - Weiguang Zhang
- GDMPA Key Laboratory for Process Control and Quality Evaluation of Chiral Pharmaceuticals, School of Chemistry South China Normal University Guangzhou P. R. China
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biomedicine School of Chemistry South China Normal University Guangzhou P. R. China
- SCNU Qingyuan Institute of Science and Technology Innovation Ltd Qingyuan P. R. China
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25
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Wang Y, Fang Z, Ahmed A, Wang Q, Cong H, Shen Y, Yu B. Preparation and chromatographic application of
β
‐cyclodextrin modified poly (styrene‐divinylbenzene) microspheres. J Appl Polym Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/app.53180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yue Wang
- Institute of Biomedical Materials and Engineering, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, College of Materials Science and Engineering Qingdao University Qingdao China
| | - Zhipeng Fang
- Institute of Biomedical Materials and Engineering, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, College of Materials Science and Engineering Qingdao University Qingdao China
| | - Adeel Ahmed
- Institute of Biomedical Materials and Engineering, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, College of Materials Science and Engineering Qingdao University Qingdao China
| | - Qiubo Wang
- Institute of Biomedical Materials and Engineering, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, College of Materials Science and Engineering Qingdao University Qingdao China
| | - Hailin Cong
- Institute of Biomedical Materials and Engineering, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, College of Materials Science and Engineering Qingdao University Qingdao China
- State Key Laboratory of Bio‐Fibers and Eco‐Textiles Qingdao University Qingdao China
| | - Youqing Shen
- Institute of Biomedical Materials and Engineering, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, College of Materials Science and Engineering Qingdao University Qingdao China
| | - Bing Yu
- Institute of Biomedical Materials and Engineering, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, College of Materials Science and Engineering Qingdao University Qingdao China
- State Key Laboratory of Bio‐Fibers and Eco‐Textiles Qingdao University Qingdao China
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26
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Porous organic cage supramolecular membrane showing superior monovalent/divalent salts separation. J Memb Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2022.120782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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27
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Li W, Zhang X, Chen S, Ji Y, Li R. Paper-based fluorescent devices for multifunctional assays: Biomarkers detection, inhibitors screening and chiral recognition. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2021.12.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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28
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Kang X, Stephens ER, Spector-Watts BM, Li Z, Liu Y, Liu L, Cui Y. Challenges and opportunities for chiral covalent organic frameworks. Chem Sci 2022; 13:9811-9832. [PMID: 36199638 PMCID: PMC9431510 DOI: 10.1039/d2sc02436e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
As highly versatile crystalline porous materials, covalent organic frameworks (COFs) have emerged as an ideal platform for developing novel functional materials, attributed to their precise tunability of structure and functionality. Introducing chiral functional units into frameworks produces chiral COFs (CCOFs) with chiral superiorities through chirality conservation and conversion processes. This review summarises recent research progress in CCOFs, including synthetic methods, chiroptical characterisations, and their applications in asymmetric catalysis, chiral separation, and enantioselective recognition and sensing. Challenges and limitations are discussed to uncover future opportunities in CCOF research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing Kang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules and State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai 200240 China
| | - Emily R Stephens
- MacDiarmid Institute for Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, School of Chemical and Physical Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington Wellington 6012 New Zealand
| | - Benjamin M Spector-Watts
- MacDiarmid Institute for Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, School of Chemical and Physical Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington Wellington 6012 New Zealand
| | - Ziping Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules and State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai 200240 China
| | - Yan Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules and State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai 200240 China
| | - Lujia Liu
- MacDiarmid Institute for Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, School of Chemical and Physical Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington Wellington 6012 New Zealand
- College of Biological, Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Jiaxing University Jiaxing Zhejiang 314001 China
| | - Yong Cui
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules and State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai 200240 China
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29
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Chen Y, Xia L, Li G. The progress on porous organic materials for chiral separation. J Chromatogr A 2022; 1677:463341. [PMID: 35870277 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2022.463341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Revised: 07/02/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Chiral compounds have similar structures and properties, but their pharmacological action is very different or even opposite. Therefore, the separation of chiral compounds has great significance in pharmaceutical and agriculture. Porous organic materials are novel crystalline porous materials, which possess high surface area, controllable pore size, and favorable functionalization. Therefore, porous organic materials are considered to be an ideal material for chiral separation. In this review, we summarized the progress of chiral porous organic materials for chiral separation in recent years. Furthermore, the applications of chiral porous organic materials as chiral separation medias (chromatography stationary phases and membrane materials) in enantioseparation were highlighted. Finally, the remaining challenges and future directions for porous organic materials in chiral separation were also briefly outlined further to promote the development of porous organic materials in chiral separation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanlong Chen
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China; School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Ling Xia
- School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Gongke Li
- School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
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30
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Lu YR, Yu YY, Chen JK, Guo P, Yang YP, Liu CF, Zhang JH, Wang BJ, Xie SM, Yuan LM. Superficial chiral etching on achiral metal-organic framework for HPLC enantioseparations. J Sep Sci 2022; 45:3510-3519. [PMID: 35880615 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.202200366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Revised: 07/17/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Chiral metal-organic frameworks have shown great potential in enantioselective separation and asymmetric catalysis due to their diverse and adjustable structures with abundant chiral recognition sites. Herein, a new chiral postsynthetic modification was used for preparing an achiral@chiral metal-organic frameworks core-shell composite [Cu3 (Btc)2 ]@[Cu2 ((+)-Cam)2 Dabco] by a superficial chiral etching method. The [Cu3 (Btc)2 ]@[Cu2 ((+)-Cam)2 Dabco] composite was utilized as a novel chiral stationary phase for HPLC enantioseparation. Various racemates were separated on the [Cu3 (Btc)2 ]@[Cu2 ((+)-Cam)2 Dabco]-packed column (column A). It exhibited good chiral resolving ability toward many different kinds of racemates, especially chiral drugs. Among them, the highest resolution value for 1,2-diphenyl-1,2-ethanediol reach 2.70. The relative standard deviations of retention time and peak area for repeated separation of 1,2-diphenyl-1,2-ethanol were 0.45 % and 0.81 %, respectively. Compared with the resolution ability of [Cu2 ((+)-Cam)2 Dabco]-packed column (column B), the column A shows higher column efficiency and better separation performance than those of column B. The results indicated that the [Cu3 (Btc)2 ]@[Cu2 ((+)-Cam)2 Dabco] as stationary phase can greatly improve the column efficiency and chiral resolution ability of chiral metal-organic frameworks, which demonstrated that the superficial chiral etching as an economic and efficient strategy opens up a new way for the application of metal-organic frameworks. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Rui Lu
- Department of Chemistry, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming, 650500, P.R. China
| | - Yun-Yan Yu
- Department of Chemistry, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming, 650500, P.R. China
| | - Ji-Kai Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming, 650500, P.R. China
| | - Ping Guo
- Department of Chemistry, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming, 650500, P.R. China
| | - Yu-Ping Yang
- Department of Chemistry, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming, 650500, P.R. China
| | - Cai-Fang Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming, 650500, P.R. China
| | - Jun-Hui Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming, 650500, P.R. China
| | - Bang-Jin Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming, 650500, P.R. China
| | - Sheng-Ming Xie
- Department of Chemistry, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming, 650500, P.R. China
| | - Li-Ming Yuan
- Department of Chemistry, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming, 650500, P.R. China
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31
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Huang Y, Zeng H, Xie L, Gao R, Zhou S, Liang Q, Zhang X, Liang K, Jiang L, Kong B. Super-Assembled Chiral Mesostructured Heteromembranes for Smart and Sensitive Couple-Accelerated Enantioseparation. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:13794-13805. [PMID: 35830296 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c04862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
In the context of sustainable development, chirality, especially chiral drugs, has attracted great interest in the pharmaceutical industry, yet the smart and sensitive separation of enantiomers still presents a major scientific challenge. Herein, inspired by supramolecular templating via chiral transcription nanoparticles, an artificial chiral nanochannel membrane with asymmetric structure, porosity, and abundant chiral surface is fabricated for smart and sensitive enantiomer recognition and separation. Constructed from chiral transcript mesoporous silica (CMS) super-assembled on a porous anode alumina oxide (AAO) support, the obtained heterostructured chiral membrane (CMS/AAO) exhibits enhanced enantioseparation (approximately 170% compared to the supramolecular-templated nanoparticles) among a series of amino acids with various isoelectric points (PIs). Especially for amino acids with a PI greater than 7, the couple-accelerated enantioseparation (CAE) can be achieved for the first time. Further analysis using an osmotic energy conversion test and simulations based on the Poisson-Nernst-Planck (PNP) equations confirm that the heterostructure and charge polarity are the key to achieve chiral amino acids and ion separation. We expect this work will inspire the development of multifunctional membrane systems for more sustainable and energy-efficient enantioseparation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanan Huang
- Shanghai Key Lab of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, iChEM, Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, P. R. China
| | - Hui Zeng
- Shanghai Key Lab of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, iChEM, Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, P. R. China
| | - Lei Xie
- Shanghai Key Lab of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, iChEM, Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, P. R. China
| | - Ruihua Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, P. R. China
| | - Shan Zhou
- Shanghai Key Lab of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, iChEM, Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, P. R. China
| | - Qirui Liang
- Shanghai Key Lab of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, iChEM, Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, P. R. China
| | - Xin Zhang
- Shanghai Key Lab of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, iChEM, Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, P. R. China
| | - Kang Liang
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Lei Jiang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
| | - Biao Kong
- Shanghai Key Lab of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, iChEM, Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, P. R. China
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32
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Immobilized glucose oxidase on hierarchically porous COFs and integrated nanozymes: a cascade reaction strategy for ratiometric fluorescence sensors. Anal Bioanal Chem 2022; 414:6247-6257. [PMID: 35796783 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-022-04197-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Revised: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) with uniform porosity, good stability, and desired biocompatibility can function as carriers of immobilized enzymes. However, the obstructed pores or partially obstructed pores have hindered their applicability after loading enzymes. In this study, the hierarchical COFs were prepared as an ideal support to immobilize glucose oxidase (GOD) and obtain GOD@COF. The hierarchical porosity and porous structures of COFs provided sufficient sites to immobilize GOD and increased the rate of diffusion of substrate and product. Moreover, N,Fe-doped carbon dots (N,Fe-CDs) with peroxidase-like activity were introduced to combine with GOD@COF to construct an enzyme-mediated cascade reaction, which is the basis of the sensor GOD@COF/N,Fe-CDs. The sensor has been successfully built and applied to detect glucose. The limit of detection was 0.59 μM for determining glucose with the proposed fluorescence sensor. The practicability was illustrated by detecting glucose in human serum and saliva samples with satisfactory recoveries. The proposed sensor provided a novel strategy that introduced COF-immobilized enzymes for cascade reactions in biosensing and clinical diagnosis.
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33
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Gu L, Guan J, Huang Z, Huo H, Shi S, Zhang D, Yan F. β-Cyclodextrin covalent organic framework supported by polydopamine as stationary phases for electrochromatographic enantioseparation. Electrophoresis 2022; 43:1446-1454. [PMID: 35353923 DOI: 10.1002/elps.202200029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Revised: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/26/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
In this work, a new open-tubular capillary electrochromatography (OT-CEC) column was prepared using β-cyclodextrin covalent organic framework (β-CD COF) as a stationary phase. Polydopamine was used to assist fabrication of β-CD COF on an inner wall of a fused-silica capillary. The coating layer on the capillary was characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). Electroosmotic flow (EOF) was also studied to evaluate the variation of the inner wall of immobilized columns. Furthermore, the chiral separation effectiveness of the fabricated capillary column was evaluated by CEC using enantiomers of several related proton pump inhibitors as model analytes, including omeprazole, lansoprazole, pantoprazole and tenatoprazole. The effects of bonding time and concentration of β-CD COF, the type, concentration and pH of buffer, applied voltage were investigated to obtain satisfactory enantioselectivity. In the optimum conditions, the enantiomers of four analytes were resolved within 15 min with resolutions of 1.63-2.62. The relative standard deviation values for migration times and resolutions of the analytes representing intraday and interday were less than 6.75% and 4.24%, respectively. The results reveal that β-CD COF has great potential as chiral-stationary phases for enantioseparation in CEC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Gu
- College of Chemical Engineering, Liaoning & Shenyang Key Laboratory of Functional Dye and Pigment, Shenyang University of Chemical Technology, Shenyang, P. R. China
| | - Jin Guan
- College of Chemical Engineering, Liaoning & Shenyang Key Laboratory of Functional Dye and Pigment, Shenyang University of Chemical Technology, Shenyang, P. R. China
| | - Ziwei Huang
- College of Chemical Engineering, Liaoning & Shenyang Key Laboratory of Functional Dye and Pigment, Shenyang University of Chemical Technology, Shenyang, P. R. China
| | - Hongyi Huo
- College of Chemical Engineering, Liaoning & Shenyang Key Laboratory of Functional Dye and Pigment, Shenyang University of Chemical Technology, Shenyang, P. R. China
| | - Shuang Shi
- College of Chemical Engineering, Liaoning & Shenyang Key Laboratory of Functional Dye and Pigment, Shenyang University of Chemical Technology, Shenyang, P. R. China
| | - Dongxiang Zhang
- College of Chemical Engineering, Liaoning & Shenyang Key Laboratory of Functional Dye and Pigment, Shenyang University of Chemical Technology, Shenyang, P. R. China
| | - Feng Yan
- College of Science, Shenyang University of Chemical Technology, Shenyang, P. R. China
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34
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Fabrication of cellulose derivative coated spherical covalent organic frameworks as chiral stationary phases for high-performance liquid chromatographic enantioseparation. J Chromatogr A 2022; 1675:463155. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2022.463155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2022] [Revised: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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35
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Wang X, Wu J, Liu X, Qiu X, Cao L, Ji Y. Enhanced Chiral Recognition Abilities of Cyclodextrin Covalent Organic Frameworks via Chiral/Achiral Functional Modification. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:25928-25936. [PMID: 35609238 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c05572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
β-Cyclodextrin covalent organic frameworks (β-CD COFs) show great potential in enantioseparation due to their uniformly distributed chiral recognition sites and good chemical stability. The hydroxyl and amino groups of β-CD COFs enable facile post-modification to introduce the desired functionality into the frameworks. In this study, we perform post-modification of β-CD COFBPDA with 1,4-butane sultone and [(3R,4R)-4-acetyloxy-2,5-dioxooxolan-3-yl] acetate to construct two kinds of novel functional β-CD COFs. The capillary columns prepared with these two functional β-CD COFs separated chiral dihydropyridines and fluoroquinolones with excellent selectivity and repeatability in capillary electrochromatography, while β-CD COFBPDA-modified capillary columns did not present the chiral recognition ability for these drugs. The mechanism of chiral recognition and the enhanced enantioselectivity of functional β-CD COFs were further demonstrated by molecular docking simulation. The divergent chiral separation performances of β-CD COFs suggest that the introduction of functional groups enables the modification of β-CD COF properties and tuning of its chiral recognition abilities for the diversity of enantioseparation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuehua Wang
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
- Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance, Ministry of Education, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Jiaqi Wu
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
- Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance, Ministry of Education, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Xue Liu
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
- Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance, Ministry of Education, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Xin Qiu
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
- Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance, Ministry of Education, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Liqin Cao
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
- Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance, Ministry of Education, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Yibing Ji
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
- Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance, Ministry of Education, Nanjing 210009, China
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36
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Recent advances of innovative and high-efficiency stationary phases for chromatographic separations. Trends Analyt Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2022.116647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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37
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Luo H, Bai X, Liu H, Qiu X, Chen J, Ji Y. β-Cyclodextrin covalent organic framework modified-cellulose acetate membranes for enantioseparation of chiral drugs. Sep Purif Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2021.120336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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38
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Wang G, Chen Y, Lv W, Pan C, Zhang H, Chen H, Chen X. Enantioseparation in capillary eletrochromatography by covalent organic framework coating prepared in situ. J Chromatogr A 2022; 1670:462943. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2022.462943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Revised: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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39
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Tang B, Wang W, Hou H, Liu Y, Liu Z, Geng L, Sun L, Luo A. A β-cyclodextrin covalent organic framework used as a chiral stationary phase for chiral separation in gas chromatography. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2021.06.089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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40
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Hou B, Li Z, Kang X, Jiang H, Cui Y. Recent Advances of Covalent Organic Frameworks for Chiral Separation. Chem Res Chin Univ 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s40242-022-1490-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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41
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Fikarova K, Moore E, Nicolau A, Horstkotte B, Maya F. Recent trends on the implementation of reticular materials in column‐centered separations. J Sep Sci 2022; 45:1411-1424. [PMID: 35080129 PMCID: PMC9305254 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.202100849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Revised: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Advances in the development of column‐based analytical separations are strongly linked to the development of novel materials. Stationary phases for chromatographic separation are usually based on silica and polymer materials. Nevertheless, recent advances have been made using porous crystalline reticular materials, such as metal‐organic frameworks and covalent organic frameworks. However, the direct packing of these materials is often limited due to their small crystal size and nonspherical shape. In this review, recent strategies to incorporate porous crystalline materials as stationary phases for liquid‐phase separations are covered. Moreover, we discuss the potential future directions in their development and integration into suitable supports for analytical applications. Finally, we discuss the main challenges to be solved to take full advantage of these materials as stationary phases for analytical separations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katerina Fikarova
- Australian Centre for Research on Separation Science (ACROSS) School of Natural Sciences (Chemistry) University of Tasmania Tasmania Australia
- Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Analytical Chemistry Charles University Hradec Králové Czech Republic
| | - Edward Moore
- Australian Centre for Research on Separation Science (ACROSS) School of Natural Sciences (Chemistry) University of Tasmania Tasmania Australia
| | - Alma Nicolau
- Australian Centre for Research on Separation Science (ACROSS) School of Natural Sciences (Chemistry) University of Tasmania Tasmania Australia
| | - Burkhard Horstkotte
- Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Analytical Chemistry Charles University Hradec Králové Czech Republic
| | - Fernando Maya
- Australian Centre for Research on Separation Science (ACROSS) School of Natural Sciences (Chemistry) University of Tasmania Tasmania Australia
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42
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Wang Z, Xiong W, Huang Z, Qin G, Zi M, Yuan L. Chiral derivatives of covalent organic framework TpBD (NH
2
)
2
used as stationary phases in gas chromatography. Chirality 2022; 34:462-472. [DOI: 10.1002/chir.23408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Revised: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Wang
- Department of Chemistry Yunnan Normal University Kunming China
| | - Wan‐Qi Xiong
- Department of Chemistry Yunnan Normal University Kunming China
| | - Zhi‐Feng Huang
- Department of Chemistry Yunnan Normal University Kunming China
| | - Gai‐Zhao Qin
- Department of Chemistry Yunnan Normal University Kunming China
| | - Min Zi
- Department of Chemistry Yunnan Normal University Kunming China
| | - Li‐Ming Yuan
- Department of Chemistry Yunnan Normal University Kunming China
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43
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Yuan C, Jia W, Yu Z, Li Y, Zi M, Yuan LM, Cui Y. Are Highly Stable Covalent Organic Frameworks the Key to Universal Chiral Stationary Phases for Liquid and Gas Chromatographic Separations? J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:891-900. [PMID: 34989226 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c11051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and gas chromatography (GC) over chiral stationary phases (CSPs) represent the most popular and highly applicable technology in the field of chiral separation, but there are currently no CSPs that can be used for both liquid and gas chromatography simultaneously. We demonstrate here that two olefin-linked covalent organic frameworks (COFs) featuring chiral crown ether groups can be general CSPs for extensive separation not only in GC but also in normal-phase and reversed-phase HPLC. Both COFs have the same 2D layered porous structure but channels of different sizes and display high stability under different chemical environments including water, organic solvents, acids, and bases. Chiral crown ethers are periodically aligned within the COF channels, allowing for enantioselective recognition of guest molecules through intermolecular interactions. The COF-packed HPLC and GC columns show excellent complementarity and each affords high resolution, selectivity, and durability for the separation of a wide range of racemic compounds, including amino acids, esters, lactones, amides, alcohols, aldehydes, ketones, and drugs. The resolution performances are comparable to and the versatility is superior to those of the most widely used commercial chiral columns, showing promises for practical applications. This work thus advances COFs with high stability as potential universal CSPs for chromatography that are otherwise hard or impossible to produce.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Yuan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules and State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China
| | - Wenyan Jia
- Department of Chemistry, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming 650500, P. R. China
| | - Ziyun Yu
- Department of Chemistry, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming 650500, P. R. China
| | - Yanan Li
- Department of Chemistry, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming 650500, P. R. China
| | - Min Zi
- Department of Chemistry, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming 650500, P. R. China
| | - Li-Ming Yuan
- Department of Chemistry, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming 650500, P. R. China
| | - Yong Cui
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules and State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China
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44
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Wang G, Lv W, Pan C, Chen H, Chen X. Synthesis of a novel chiral DA-TD covalent organic framework for open-tubular capillary electrochromatography enantioseparation. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 58:403-406. [PMID: 34897307 DOI: 10.1039/d1cc06420g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Herein, a novel chiral covalent organic framework, DA-TD COF, with good chemical/thermal stability was synthesized and used as a chiral stationary phase for open-tubular capillary electrochromatography enantioseparation. The DA-TD COF coated capillary exhibited excellent enantioseparation efficiency and its separation efficiency did not show an obvious decrease over 200 runs. Furthermore, the enantioseparation mechanism was studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoxiu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, China. .,Department of Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China.
| | - Wenjuan Lv
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, China. .,Department of Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China.
| | - Congjie Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, China. .,Department of Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China.
| | - Hongli Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, China. .,Department of Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China.
| | - Xingguo Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, China. .,Department of Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China. .,Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Metal Chemistry and Resources Utilization of Gansu Province, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, China
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45
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Xu NY, Guo P, Chen JK, Zhang JH, Wang BJ, Xie SM, Yuan LM. Chiral core-shell microspheres β-CD-COF@SiO 2 used for HPLC enantioseparation. Talanta 2021; 235:122754. [PMID: 34517622 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2021.122754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Revised: 07/24/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Chiral covalent organic frameworks (CCOFs) have potential application in enantioseparation due to their advantages, such as large surface area, abundant chiral recognition sites and good chemical stability in organic solvents. However, the application of CCOFs in high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) for enantioseparation has been rarely reported because of the shortcomings of CCOFs, such as light weight, irregular shape, and wide particle size distribution. In order to overcome the above shortcomings, a one-pot synthetic method was adopted to prepare a core-shell composite (β-CD-COF@SiO2) via the growth of chiral β-CD COF on the surface of amino-functionalized SiO2 microspheres. The as-prepared β-CD-COF@SiO2 microspheres were used as a stationary phase for HPLC enantioseparation. The resolution ability of the β-CD-COF@SiO2-packed column toward various chiral compounds was investigated using n-hexane/isopropanol as the mobile phase. The results show that the chiral β-CD-COF@SiO2-packed column exhibited excellent chiral recognition ability for 24 pairs of chiral compounds with good reproducibility. These successful applications indicate that the preparation of the chiral COFs@SiO2 core-shell microspheres as a novel stationary phase for enantioseparation has good application prospects in HPLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na-Yan Xu
- Department of Chemistry, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming, 650500, PR China
| | - Ping Guo
- Department of Chemistry, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming, 650500, PR China
| | - Ji-Kai Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming, 650500, PR China
| | - Jun-Hui Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming, 650500, PR China
| | - Bang-Jin Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming, 650500, PR China.
| | - Sheng-Ming Xie
- Department of Chemistry, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming, 650500, PR China.
| | - Li-Ming Yuan
- Department of Chemistry, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming, 650500, PR China
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46
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Zhang JH, Xie SM, Yuan LM. Recent progress in the development of chiral stationary phases for high-performance liquid chromatography. J Sep Sci 2021; 45:51-77. [PMID: 34729907 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.202100593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Revised: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Separations and analyses of chiral compounds are important in many fields, including pharmaceutical production, preparation of chemical intermediates, and biochemistry. High-performance liquid chromatography using a chiral stationary phase is regarded as one of the most valuable methods for enantiomeric separation and analysis because it is highly efficient, is broadly applicable, and has powerful separation capability. The focus for development of this method is the identification of novel chiral stationary phases with superior recognition performance and good stability. The present article reviews recent progress in the development of new chiral stationary phases for high-performance liquid chromatography between January 2018 and June 2021. These newly reported chiral stationary phases are divided into three categories: small organic molecule-based (cyclodextrin and its derivatives, macrocyclic antibiotics, cinchona alkaloids, and other low molecular weight chiral molecules), macromolecule-based (cellulose and amylose derivatives, chitin and chitosan derivatives, and synthetic helical polymers) and chiral porous material-based (chiral metal-organic frameworks, chiral covalent organic frameworks, and chiral inorganic mesoporous silicas). Each type of chiral stationary phase is discussed in detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Hui Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming, P. R. China
| | - Sheng-Ming Xie
- Department of Chemistry, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming, P. R. China
| | - Li-Ming Yuan
- Department of Chemistry, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming, P. R. China
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47
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Feng JF, Tan M, Zhang S, Li BJ. Recent Advances of Porous Materials Based on Cyclodextrin. Macromol Rapid Commun 2021; 42:e2100497. [PMID: 34608701 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202100497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Revised: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Porous materials have attracted significant attention because of their rising applications in many fields. Cyclodextrins (CDs) are suitable building units in the fabrication of porous materials owing to their intrinsic nanoporous structure, easy modification, and biocompatibility, which may result in the formation of CD-based organic frameworks (including cyclodextrin metal-organic frameworks (CD-MOFs) and cyclodextrin covalent organic frameworks (CD-COFs)), and CD-based polymer hybrid porous materials. This review focuses on the recent progress in the fabrication and applications of CD-based porous materials with novel structures and functionalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Feng Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Polymer Research Institute of Sichuan University, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
| | - Min Tan
- Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chengdu, 610065, China
| | - Sheng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Polymer Research Institute of Sichuan University, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
| | - Bang-Jing Li
- Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chengdu, 610065, China
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48
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Wang Y, Wang X, Sun Q, Li R, Ji Y. Facile separation of enantiomers via covalent organic framework bonded stationary phase. Mikrochim Acta 2021; 188:367. [PMID: 34617147 DOI: 10.1007/s00604-021-04925-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 07/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Covalent organic frameworks (COFs), a type of crystalline polymers, have attracted increasing interest because of their controllability of geometry and functionality. Featuring infinitely extended networks and tremendous interaction sites, COFs emerge as a potential platform for separation science. Here, a novel chiral COF (β-CD COFBPDA) constructed by the imine condensation of 4,4'-biphenyldicarboxaldehyde and heptakis(6-amino-6-deoxy)-β-cyclodextrin was introduced into an electrochromatographic system via a photopolymerization method and applied to the separation of enantiomers. The structure and properties of as-synthesized β-CD COFBPDA were investigated by powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD) patterns, Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and N2adsorption-desorption isotherms. It was proved that β-CD COFBPDA was provided with larger pore size and BET surface area. The β-CD COFBPDA coating endowed the chiral stationary phase with superior three-dimensional orientation, and realized satisfactory separation with improved selectivity and column efficiency for a dozen racemic drugs. Under the optimized conditions, homatropine, ondansetron, metoprolol, terbutaline, tulobuterol, and promethazine were all baseline separated with resolution values of 2.24, 2.03, 1.65, 1.62, 1.60, and 1.58, respectively. The results indicate the high perspective of COF modified stationary in enantioseparation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuying Wang
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 TongJiaXiang, Nanjing, 210009, Jiangsu, China.,Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance, Ministry of Education, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Xuehua Wang
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 TongJiaXiang, Nanjing, 210009, Jiangsu, China.,Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance, Ministry of Education, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Qiuyue Sun
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 TongJiaXiang, Nanjing, 210009, Jiangsu, China.,Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance, Ministry of Education, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Ruijun Li
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 TongJiaXiang, Nanjing, 210009, Jiangsu, China.,Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance, Ministry of Education, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Yibing Ji
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 TongJiaXiang, Nanjing, 210009, Jiangsu, China. .,Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance, Ministry of Education, Nanjing, 210009, China.
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49
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50
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Covalent organic frameworks for fluorescent sensing: Recent developments and future challenges. Coord Chem Rev 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2021.213957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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