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Mirhosseini S, Nasiri AF, Khatami F, Mirzaei A, Aghamir SMK, Kolahdouz M. A digital image colorimetry system based on smart devices for immediate and simultaneous determination of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. Sci Rep 2024; 14:2587. [PMID: 38297148 PMCID: PMC10830485 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-52931-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Standard enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays based on microplates are frequently utilized for various molecular sensing, disease screening, and nanomedicine applications. Comparing this multi-well plate batched analysis to non-batched or non-standard testing, the diagnosis expenses per patient are drastically reduced. However, the requirement for rather big and pricey readout instruments prevents their application in environments with limited resources, especially in the field. In this work, a handheld cellphone-based colorimetric microplate reader for quick, credible, and novel analysis of digital images of human cancer cell lines at a reasonable price was developed. Using our in-house-developed app, images of the plates are captured and sent to our servers, where they are processed using a machine learning algorithm to produce diagnostic results. Using FDA-approved human epididymis protein of ovary IgG (HE4), prostate cancer cell line (PC3), and bladder cancer cell line (5637) ELISA tests, we successfully examined this mobile platform. The accuracies for the HE4, PC3, and 5637 tests were 93%, 97.5%, and 97.2%, respectively. By contrasting the findings with the measurements made using optical absorption EPOCH microplate readers and optical absorption Tecan microplate readers, this approach was found to be accurate and effective. As a result, digital image colorimetry on smart devices offered a practical, user-friendly, affordable, precise, and effective method for quickly identifying human cancer cell lines. Thus, healthcare providers might use this portable device to carry out high-throughput illness screening, epidemiological investigations or monitor vaccination campaigns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaghayegh Mirhosseini
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Aryanaz Faghih Nasiri
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Khatami
- Urology Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Akram Mirzaei
- Urology Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Mohammadreza Kolahdouz
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
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2
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Ioannou P, Baliou S, Samonis G. Nanotechnology in the Diagnosis and Treatment of Antibiotic-Resistant Infections. Antibiotics (Basel) 2024; 13:121. [PMID: 38391507 PMCID: PMC10886108 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics13020121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2024] [Revised: 01/21/2024] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
The development of antimicrobial resistance (AMR), along with the relative reduction in the production of new antimicrobials, significantly limits the therapeutic options in infectious diseases. Thus, novel treatments, especially in the current era, where AMR is increasing, are urgently needed. There are several ongoing studies on non-classical therapies for infectious diseases, such as bacteriophages, antimicrobial peptides, and nanotechnology, among others. Nanomaterials involve materials on the nanoscale that could be used in the diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of infectious diseases. This review provides an overview of the applications of nanotechnology in the diagnosis and treatment of infectious diseases from a clinician's perspective, with a focus on pathogens with AMR. Applications of nanomaterials in diagnosis, by taking advantage of their electrochemical, optic, magnetic, and fluorescent properties, are described. Moreover, the potential of metallic or organic nanoparticles (NPs) in the treatment of infections is also addressed. Finally, the potential use of NPs in the development of safe and efficient vaccines is also reviewed. Further studies are needed to prove the safety and efficacy of NPs that would facilitate their approval by regulatory authorities for clinical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petros Ioannou
- School of Medicine, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion, Greece
| | - Stella Baliou
- School of Medicine, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion, Greece
| | - George Samonis
- School of Medicine, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion, Greece
- First Department of Medical Oncology, Metropolitan Hospital of Neon Faliron, 18547 Athens, Greece
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3
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Vu BV, Brosamer K, McDaniel N, Kourentzi K, Willson RC, Fernando H. "Glow ELISA": sensitive immunoassay with minimal equipment and stable reagents. Analyst 2023; 148:5582-5587. [PMID: 37819257 PMCID: PMC10658793 DOI: 10.1039/d3an01623d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
Glow enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (glow ELISA) uses inexpensive and shelf-stable glow stick reagents to chemically excite fluorescent reporters, obviating the need for excitation light sources, filters, and complex optics. It achieves excellent limits of detection while offering portability and equipment cost comparable to lateral flow immunoassays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Binh V Vu
- William A. Brookshire Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, Texas, USA.
| | - Kristen Brosamer
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Naiyah McDaniel
- Department of Chemistry, Prairie View A&M University, Prairie View, Texas, USA.
| | - Katerina Kourentzi
- William A. Brookshire Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, Texas, USA.
| | - Richard C Willson
- William A. Brookshire Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, Texas, USA.
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
- Tecnológico de Monterrey, Institute for Obesity Research, Monterrey, Nuevo Leon, Mexico
- Tecnológico de Monterrey, Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Monterrey, Nuevo Leon, Mexico
| | - Harshica Fernando
- Department of Chemistry, Prairie View A&M University, Prairie View, Texas, USA.
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4
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Kanani SS, Tsai HY, Algar WR. Quantitative and Multiplexed Chopper-Based Time-Gated Imaging for Bioanalysis on a Smartphone. Anal Chem 2023; 95:13258-13265. [PMID: 37611229 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.3c02397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/25/2023]
Abstract
Smartphones are emerging platforms for point-of-care diagnostics (POCDs), where the on-board camera is, for example, used to image fluorescence. Many laboratory instruments are capable of time-gated (TG) photoluminescence (PL) measurements─an analytical method leveraged by multiple commercial assay kits. When paired with long-lived PL emitters such as luminescent lanthanide complexes (LLCs), time-gating eliminates background from sample autofluorescence and many other sources. This capability is amenable to minimally processed samples and would thus be useful for POCDs on a smartphone-based platform. Here, we report a double-chopper design for TG PL imaging using a portable, 3D-printed, smartphone-based device. The rotation speed, dimensions, and overlap of the chopper blades and gaps set the timing parameters, with delay times on the order of hundreds of microseconds to milliseconds. The device was capable of quantitative TG imaging of PL from terbium(III) and europium(III) LLCs, including rejection of short-lived PL background from serum and tissue phantoms, spectral and temporal multiplexing, a model time-gated Förster resonance energy transfer (TG-FRET) assay, and imaging of cells. As the first smartphone-based demonstrations of these important analytical capabilities, this work is an important foundation for developing POCD methods based on TG PL imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sahil S Kanani
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - Hsin-Yun Tsai
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - W Russ Algar
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z1, Canada
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5
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Islam J, Conroy P, Fercher C, Kim M, Yaari Z, Jones M, Bell TDM, Caradoc-Davies T, Law R, Whisstock J, Heller D, Mahler S, Corrie S. Design of Polarity-Dependent Immunosensors Based on the Structural Analysis of Engineered Antibodies. ACS Chem Biol 2023; 18:1863-1871. [PMID: 37440171 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.3c00303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/14/2023]
Abstract
"Reagentless" immunosensors are emerging to address the challenge of practical and sensitive detection of important biomarkers in real biological samples without the need for multistep assays and user intervention, with applications ranging from research tools to point-of-care diagnostics. Selective target binding to an affinity reagent is detected and reported in one step without the need for washing or additional reporters. In this study, we used a structure-guided approach to identify a mutation site in an antibody fragment for the polarity-dependent fluorophore, Anap, such that upon binding of the protein target cardiac troponin I, the Anap-labeled antibody would produce a detectable and dose-dependent shift in emission wavelength. We observed a significant emission wavelength shift of the Anap-labeled anti-cTnI mutant, with a blue shift of up to 37 nm, upon binding to the cTnI protein. Key differences in the resulting emission spectra between target peptides in comparison to whole proteins were also found; however, the affinity and binding characteristics remained unaffected when compared to the wild-type antibody. We also highlighted the potential flexibility of the approach by incorporating a near-infrared dye, IRDye800CW, into the same mutation site, which also resulted in a dose-dependent wavelength shift upon target incubation. These reagents can be used in experiments and devices to create simpler and more efficient biosensors across a range of research, medical laboratory, and point-of-care platforms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaul Islam
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Monash University, Melbourne 3800, Australia
| | - Paul Conroy
- Dept. of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Melbourne 3800, Australia
| | - Christian Fercher
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology (AIBN), The University of Queensland, Brisbane 4072, Australia
- ARC Training Centre for Biopharmaceutical Innovation, Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology (AIBN), The University of Queensland, Brisbane 4072, Australia
| | - Mijin Kim
- Molecular Pharmacology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Centre, New York 10065, United States
| | - Zvi Yaari
- Molecular Pharmacology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Centre, New York 10065, United States
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91905, Israel
| | - Martina Jones
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology (AIBN), The University of Queensland, Brisbane 4072, Australia
- ARC Training Centre for Biopharmaceutical Innovation, Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology (AIBN), The University of Queensland, Brisbane 4072, Australia
| | - Toby D M Bell
- School of Chemistry, Monash University, Melbourne 3800, Australia
| | - Tom Caradoc-Davies
- Dept. of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Melbourne 3800, Australia
- Australian Synchrotron - ANSTO, Melbourne 3168, Australia
| | - Ruby Law
- Dept. of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Melbourne 3800, Australia
| | - James Whisstock
- Dept. of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Melbourne 3800, Australia
| | - Daniel Heller
- Molecular Pharmacology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Centre, New York 10065, United States
| | - Stephen Mahler
- Dept. of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Melbourne 3800, Australia
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology (AIBN), The University of Queensland, Brisbane 4072, Australia
| | - Simon Corrie
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Monash University, Melbourne 3800, Australia
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6
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Schaumburg F, Pujato N, Peverengo LM, Marcipar IS, Berli CLA. Coupling ELISA to smartphones for POCT of chronic and congenital Chagas disease. Talanta 2023; 256:124246. [PMID: 36657239 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2022.124246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Revised: 12/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Chagas disease (CD) affects about 7 million people worldwide, presents a large prevalence in Latin America, and is growing in the rest of the world, where congenital CD is the main mode of transmission. Point-of-care testing (POCT) methods are increasingly required to ease early diagnostics and increase treatment success. This work presents the development and validation of a smartphone-integrated ELISA-based POCT system for the detection of both chronic and congenital CD. Expensive and bulky equipment used for ELISA in conventional laboratories was replaced as follows. A miniaturized device was fabricated for incubation of commercial ELISA plates, achieving ∼±1 °C uniformity and stability. The ELISA plate reader was replaced by smartphone camera and image processing, comprising algorithms to account for variability sources and spatial light non-uniformity; thus, additional hardware like a dark-box is not required. The agreement between samples classified with this novel reading method vs. ELISA plate reader was found to be 99.7% and 95.4% for chronic and congenital CD, respectively. Furthermore, a smartphone application was designed and implemented to guide the user during the assay, provide connectivity, and access databases, facilitating patient monitoring and health-policy making. The whole system is aimed to be used as a practical diagnostic tool in primary health care settings, as well as to facilitate patients' follow-up to provide better treatment. Concerning the technology itself, the proposed POCT platform is versatile enough to be readily adapted for the detection of other infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federico Schaumburg
- INTEC (Universidad Nacional del Litoral-CONICET), Predio CCT CONICET-Santa Fe, RN 168, Santa Fe, S3000GLN, Argentina.
| | - Nazarena Pujato
- Laboratorio de Tecnología Inmunológica (FBCB, Universidad Nacional del Litoral), Ciudad Universitaria, RN 168, Santa Fe, S3000GLN, Argentina.
| | - Luz María Peverengo
- Laboratorio de Tecnología Inmunológica (FBCB, Universidad Nacional del Litoral), Ciudad Universitaria, RN 168, Santa Fe, S3000GLN, Argentina.
| | - Iván Sergio Marcipar
- Laboratorio de Tecnología Inmunológica (FBCB, Universidad Nacional del Litoral), Ciudad Universitaria, RN 168, Santa Fe, S3000GLN, Argentina.
| | - Claudio Luis Alberto Berli
- INTEC (Universidad Nacional del Litoral-CONICET), Predio CCT CONICET-Santa Fe, RN 168, Santa Fe, S3000GLN, Argentina.
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7
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Montaño-Priede JL, Sanromán-Iglesias M, Zabala N, Grzelczak M, Aizpurua J. Robust Rules for Optimal Colorimetric Sensing Based on Gold Nanoparticle Aggregation. ACS Sens 2023; 8:1827-1834. [PMID: 37053440 PMCID: PMC10152487 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.3c00287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/15/2023]
Abstract
Spurred by outstanding optical properties, chemical stability, and facile bioconjugation, plasmonic metals have become the first-choice materials for optical signal transducers in biosensing. While the design rules for surface-based plasmonic sensors are well-established and commercialized, there is limited knowledge of the design of sensors based on nanoparticle aggregation. The reason is the lack of control over the interparticle distances, number of nanoparticles per cluster, or multiple mutual orientations during aggregation events, blurring the threshold between positive and negative readout. Here we identify the geometrical parameters (size, shape, and interparticle distance) that allow for maximizing the color difference upon nanoparticle clustering. Finding the optimal structural parameters will provide a fast and reliable means of readout, including unaided eye inspection or computer vision.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Luis Montaño-Priede
- Department of Electricity and Electronics, FCT-ZTF, UPV-EHU, 48080 Bilbao, Spain
- Donostia International Physics Center, Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 4, 20018 Donostia-Sebastián, Spain
| | - María Sanromán-Iglesias
- Centro de Física de Materiales, (CSIC-UPV/EHU), Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 5, 20018 Donostia-Sebastián, Spain
| | - Nerea Zabala
- Department of Electricity and Electronics, FCT-ZTF, UPV-EHU, 48080 Bilbao, Spain
- Donostia International Physics Center, Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 4, 20018 Donostia-Sebastián, Spain
- Centro de Física de Materiales, (CSIC-UPV/EHU), Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 5, 20018 Donostia-Sebastián, Spain
| | - Marek Grzelczak
- Donostia International Physics Center, Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 4, 20018 Donostia-Sebastián, Spain
- Centro de Física de Materiales, (CSIC-UPV/EHU), Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 5, 20018 Donostia-Sebastián, Spain
| | - Javier Aizpurua
- Donostia International Physics Center, Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 4, 20018 Donostia-Sebastián, Spain
- Centro de Física de Materiales, (CSIC-UPV/EHU), Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 5, 20018 Donostia-Sebastián, Spain
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8
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Naghdi T, Ardalan S, Asghari Adib Z, Sharifi AR, Golmohammadi H. Moving toward smart biomedical sensing. Biosens Bioelectron 2023; 223:115009. [PMID: 36565545 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2022.115009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2022] [Revised: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The development of novel biomedical sensors as highly promising devices/tools in early diagnosis and therapy monitoring of many diseases and disorders has recently witnessed unprecedented growth; more and faster than ever. Nonetheless, on the eve of Industry 5.0 and by learning from defects of current sensors in smart diagnostics of pandemics, there is still a long way to go to achieve the ideal biomedical sensors capable of meeting the growing needs and expectations for smart biomedical/diagnostic sensing through eHealth systems. Herein, an overview is provided to highlight the importance and necessity of an inevitable transition in the era of digital health/Healthcare 4.0 towards smart biomedical/diagnostic sensing and how to approach it via new digital technologies including Internet of Things (IoT), artificial intelligence, IoT gateways (smartphones, readers), etc. This review will bring together the different types of smartphone/reader-based biomedical sensors, which have been employing for a wide variety of optical/electrical/electrochemical biosensing applications and paving the way for future eHealth diagnostic devices by moving towards smart biomedical sensing. Here, alongside highlighting the characteristics/criteria that should be met by the developed sensors towards smart biomedical sensing, the challenging issues ahead are delineated along with a comprehensive outlook on this extremely necessary field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tina Naghdi
- Nanosensors Bioplatforms Laboratory, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Research Center of Iran, 14335-186, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sina Ardalan
- Nanosensors Bioplatforms Laboratory, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Research Center of Iran, 14335-186, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zeinab Asghari Adib
- Nanosensors Bioplatforms Laboratory, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Research Center of Iran, 14335-186, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amir Reza Sharifi
- Nanosensors Bioplatforms Laboratory, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Research Center of Iran, 14335-186, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamed Golmohammadi
- Nanosensors Bioplatforms Laboratory, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Research Center of Iran, 14335-186, Tehran, Iran.
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9
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Deng R, Chao X, Li H, Li X, Yang Z, Yu HZ. Smartphone-based microplate reader for high-throughput quantitation of disease markers in serum. Analyst 2023; 148:735-741. [PMID: 36533656 DOI: 10.1039/d2an01571d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Herein, a smartphone-based portable reader with integrated optics for standard microtiter plates (96 wells) has been designed and demonstrated for high-throughput quantitation of validated biomarkers in serum. The customized optical attachment was simply constructed with a convex lens and a light source, by which the transmitted light through a 96-well microtiter plate was converged for imaging with a smartphone, so that accurate and wide-range reading of the plate can be achieved. More importantly, relying on the digitized colorimetric analysis of the obtained images, concentrations of various biomarkers can be determined directly using the customized mobile app. A set of validated biomarkers for inflammation and infection, C-reactive protein (CRP), serum amyloid A (SAA), and procalcitonin (PCT) have been quantitated with this new system; both the response ranges and limits of detection meet the requirement of clinical tests. The consistency with the results obtained using a commercial microplate reader proves its reliability and precision, augments its potential as a point-of-care diagnostic device for on-site testing or resource-limited settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Deng
- College of Biomedical Engineering, Institute of Biomedical Precision Testing and Instrumentation, Taiyuan University of Technology, Yuci, Shanxi 030600, China.
| | - Xiaoxin Chao
- College of Biomedical Engineering, Institute of Biomedical Precision Testing and Instrumentation, Taiyuan University of Technology, Yuci, Shanxi 030600, China.
| | - Haiqin Li
- College of Biomedical Engineering, Institute of Biomedical Precision Testing and Instrumentation, Taiyuan University of Technology, Yuci, Shanxi 030600, China.
| | - Xiaochun Li
- College of Biomedical Engineering, Institute of Biomedical Precision Testing and Instrumentation, Taiyuan University of Technology, Yuci, Shanxi 030600, China.
| | - Zehua Yang
- Medicine Laboratory, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030024, China.
| | - Hua-Zhong Yu
- College of Biomedical Engineering, Institute of Biomedical Precision Testing and Instrumentation, Taiyuan University of Technology, Yuci, Shanxi 030600, China. .,Department of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia V5A 1S6, Canada.
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10
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Zhang N, Li Y, Zhao G, Feng J, Li Y, Wang Y, Zhang D, Wei Q. Ultrasensitive photoelectrochemical sensing platform for detection of neuron specific enolase based on inhibition effect of CoSnO3 nanobox toward SnO2/Mn0.05Cd0.95S composites. Talanta 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2022.124048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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11
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The DIY IVF cycle-harnessing the power of deeptech to bring ART to the masses. J Assist Reprod Genet 2023; 40:259-263. [PMID: 36515801 PMCID: PMC9748870 DOI: 10.1007/s10815-022-02691-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The emergence of telehealth including telemedicine, at-home testing, and mobile health applications has enabled patients to self-manage their reproductive care, especially during the COVID-19 pandemic. Reproduction is rapidly changing and embracing deeptech initiatives that can improve outcomes and facilitate personalized fertility solutions in the near future. This so-called DIY IVF informed by deeptech and moderated by femtech not only holds a tremendous amount of promise, but also challenges and possible pitfalls. This review discusses the current status of deeptech and femtech for IVF care in a post-Roe v. Wade environment.
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12
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Udhani R, Kothari C, Sarvaiya J. A Comprehensive Study: Traditional and Cutting-Edge Analytical Techniques for the Biomarker Based Detection of the Micronutrients & POC Sensing Directions for Next-Generation Diagnostic. Crit Rev Anal Chem 2023:1-20. [PMID: 36720848 DOI: 10.1080/10408347.2023.2169823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Micronutrient deficiency is wide spread and highly affects morbidity, mortality, and well-being of human beings. Micronutrient deficiency gradually manifests into diseases, which effects pathophysiology directly or indirectly. There is an imprecision in the diagnosis of micronutrient deficiency because of two causes; the selection of the standard biomarker and the diagnostic technique used. In appropriate diagnosis could increase the severity of the disorder. Instead of a single a combination of biomarkers can give more stringent results for micronutrient testing. Several traditional analytical techniques are used for diagnosis but HPLC, ELISA & LCMS/MS are most sensitive and reliable methods used by CLSIA-certified labs. However, these techniques require well-equipped, centralized laboratory facilities. The diagnostic era moves toward the Point of Care Testing (POCT), a boon in emerging diagnostics, breaking all paradigms of traditional analytical techniques. POCT led us toward the development of biosensors, which encompasses many techniques like paper-based sensors, microfluidic chip, wearable devices, and smartphone-assisted diagnostics, which become more popular diagnostic tools. This outlook summarizes the micronutrients like vitamins A, B5, B6, B7, B9, B12 C, D, and E and Minerals like iron, calcium, zinc, magnesium, and sodium; along with its biomarkers, analytical techniques, and point of care innovation in micronutrients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raveena Udhani
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Institute of Pharmacy, Nirma University, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
| | - Charmy Kothari
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Institute of Pharmacy, Nirma University, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
| | - Jayrajsinh Sarvaiya
- School of Engineering and Technology, National Forensic Science University, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India
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13
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Parween S, Asthana A, Nahar P. Fundamentals of Image-Based Assay (IBA) System for Affordable Point of Care Diagnostics. Microchem J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2022.108345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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14
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Kishnani V, Kumari S, Gupta A. A Chemometric-Assisted Colorimetric-Based Inexpensive Paper Biosensor for Glucose Detection. BIOSENSORS 2022; 12:bios12111008. [PMID: 36421125 PMCID: PMC9688802 DOI: 10.3390/bios12111008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Revised: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
This article reports a simple and inexpensive leak-proof paper pad with an initial selection of a paper substrate on the grounds of surface morphology and fluid absorption time. Herein, a drying method is used for glucose detection on a paper pad through colorimetric analysis, and the spot detection of glucose is analyzed by optimizing the HRP concentration and volume to obtain accurate results. The rapid colorimetric method for the detection of glucose on the paper pad was developed with a limit of detection (LOD) of 2.92 mmol L-1. Furthermore, the effects of the detection conditions were investigated and discussed comprehensively with the help of chemometric methods. Paper pads were developed for glucose detection with a range of 0.5-20 mM (apropos to the normal glucose level in the human body) and 0.1-0.5 M (to test the excessive intake of glucose). The developed concept has huge potential in the healthcare sector, and its extension could be envisioned to develop the reported paper pad as a point-of-care testing device for the initial screening of a variety of diseases.
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15
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Ostovan A, Arabi M, Wang Y, Li J, Li B, Wang X, Chen L. Greenificated Molecularly Imprinted Materials for Advanced Applications. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2022; 34:e2203154. [PMID: 35734896 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202203154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Revised: 06/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Molecular imprinting technology (MIT) produces artificial binding sites with precise complementarity to substrates and thereby is capable of exquisite molecular recognition. Over five decades of evolution, it is predicted that the resulting host imprinted materials will overtake natural receptors for research and application purposes, but in practice, this has not yet been realized due to the unsustainability of their life cycles (i.e., precursors, creation, use, recycling, and end-of-life). To address this issue, greenificated molecularly imprinted polymers (GMIPs) are a new class of plastic antibodies that have approached sustainability by following one or more of the greenification principles, while also demonstrating more far-reaching applications compared to their natural counterparts. In this review, the most recent developments in the delicate design and advanced application of GMIPs in six fast-growing and emerging fields are surveyed, namely biomedicine/therapy, catalysis, energy harvesting/storage, nanoparticle detection, gas sensing/adsorption, and environmental remediation. In addition, their distinct features are highlighted, and the optimal means to utilize these features for attaining incredibly far-reaching applications are discussed. Importantly, the obscure technical challenges of the greenificated MIT are revealed, and conceivable solutions are offered. Lastly, several perspectives on future research directions are proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abbas Ostovan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Shandong Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes, Shandong Research Center for Coastal Environmental Engineering and Technology, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai, 264003, China
- Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Maryam Arabi
- CAS Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Shandong Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes, Shandong Research Center for Coastal Environmental Engineering and Technology, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai, 264003, China
- Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Yunqing Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Shandong Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes, Shandong Research Center for Coastal Environmental Engineering and Technology, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai, 264003, China
- Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Jinhua Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Shandong Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes, Shandong Research Center for Coastal Environmental Engineering and Technology, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai, 264003, China
- Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Bowei Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Shandong Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes, Shandong Research Center for Coastal Environmental Engineering and Technology, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai, 264003, China
- Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Xiaoyan Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, 264003, China
| | - Lingxin Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Shandong Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes, Shandong Research Center for Coastal Environmental Engineering and Technology, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai, 264003, China
- Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China
- Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266237, China
- School of Environmental & Municipal Engineering, Qingdao University of Technology, Qingdao, 266033, China
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16
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A smart tablet-phone-based system using dynamic light modulation for highly sensitive colorimetric biosensing. Talanta 2022; 252:123862. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2022.123862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Revised: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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17
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Yang G, Li Y, Tang C, Lin F, Wu T, Bao J. Smartphone-Based Quantitative Analysis of Protein Array Signals for Biomarker Detection in Lupus. CHEMOSENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 10:330. [PMID: 36072130 PMCID: PMC9447405 DOI: 10.3390/chemosensors10080330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Fluorescence-based microarray offers great potential in clinical diagnostics due to its high-throughput capability, multiplex capabilities, and requirement for a minimal volume of precious clinical samples. However, the technique relies on expensive and complex imaging systems for the analysis of signals. In the present study, we developed a smartphone-based application to analyze signals from protein microarrays to quantify disease biomarkers. The application adopted Android Studio open platform for its wide access to smartphones, and Python was used to design a graphical user interface with fast data processing. The application provides multiple user functions such as "Read", "Analyze", "Calculate" and "Report". For rapid and accurate results, we used ImageJ, Otsu thresholding, and local thresholding to quantify the fluorescent intensity of spots on the microarray. To verify the efficacy of the application, three antigens each with over 110 fluorescent spots were tested. Particularly, a positive correlation of over 0.97 was achieved when using this analytical tool compared to a standard test for detecting a potential biomarker in lupus nephritis. Collectively, this smartphone application tool shows promise for cheap, efficient, and portable on-site detection in point-of-care diagnostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guang Yang
- Materials Science & Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204, USA
| | - Yaxi Li
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204, USA
| | - Chenling Tang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204, USA
| | - Feng Lin
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Texas Center for Superconductivity (TCSUH), University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204, USA
| | - Tianfu Wu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204, USA
| | - Jiming Bao
- Materials Science & Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204, USA
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Texas Center for Superconductivity (TCSUH), University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204, USA
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18
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Webb AJ, Allan F, Kelwick RJR, Beshah FZ, Kinung’hi SM, Templeton MR, Emery AM, Freemont PS. Specific Nucleic AcId Ligation for the detection of Schistosomes: SNAILS. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2022; 16:e0010632. [PMID: 35881651 PMCID: PMC9355235 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0010632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Revised: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Schistosomiasis, also known as bilharzia or snail fever, is a debilitating neglected tropical disease (NTD), caused by parasitic trematode flatworms of the genus Schistosoma, that has an annual mortality rate of 280,000 people in sub-Saharan Africa alone. Schistosomiasis is transmitted via contact with water bodies that are home to the intermediate host snail which shed the infective cercariae into the water. Schistosome lifecycles are complex, and while not all schistosome species cause human disease, endemic regions also typically feature animal-infecting schistosomes that can have broader economic and/or food security implications. Therefore, the development of species-specific Schistosoma detection technologies may help to inform evidence-based local environmental, food security and health systems policy making. Crucially, schistosomiasis disproportionally affects low- and middle-income (LMIC) countries and for that reason, environmental screening of water bodies for schistosomes may aid with the targeting of water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) interventions and preventive chemotherapy to regions at highest risk of schistosomiasis transmission, and to monitor the effectiveness of such interventions at reducing the risk over time. To this end, we developed a DNA-based biosensor termed Specific Nucleic AcId Ligation for the detection of Schistosomes or ‘SNAILS’. Here we show that ‘SNAILS’ enables species-specific detection from genomic DNA (gDNA) samples that were collected from the field in endemic areas. Schistosomiasis is a neglected tropical disease, caused by the parasitic trematodes of the genus Schistosoma. Schistosomiasis is endemic to regions within Africa, Asia and South America with at least 250 million people infected and a further 779 million at risk of infection. The lifecycle of schistosomes are complex and involve specific freshwater intermediate snail hosts which shed infective cercariae into the waterbodies they inhabit. Schistosomiasis is subsequently transmitted to humans or animals that contact cercariae contaminated water. In Africa, human disease is largely caused by Schistosoma mansoni and Schistosoma haematobium. However, endemic regions also typically feature animal-infecting schistosomes that can have broader economic and/or food security implications. Therefore, the development of species-specific Schistosoma detection technologies may help to inform local environmental, food security and health programmes. To this end, we re-purposed a nucleic acid detection technology to enable the detection of different schistosome species. Our DNA-biosensor, abbreviated as ‘SNAILS’, employs carefully designed probes that recognise species-specific DNA sequences, coupled with enzymatic amplification steps, and a fluorescent signal-dye to indicate a positive detection. ‘SNAILS’ successfully differentiates between S. mansoni and S. haematobium samples and could conceivably be employed within future global health programmes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander James Webb
- Section of Structural and Synthetic biology, Department of Infectious Disease, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Fiona Allan
- Department of Life Sciences, Natural History Museum, London, United Kingdom
| | - Richard J. R. Kelwick
- Section of Structural and Synthetic biology, Department of Infectious Disease, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Feleke Zewge Beshah
- College of Natural and Computational Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Arat Kilo, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | | | - Michael R. Templeton
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Aidan Mark Emery
- Department of Life Sciences, Natural History Museum, London, United Kingdom
- * E-mail: (AME); (PSF)
| | - Paul S. Freemont
- Section of Structural and Synthetic biology, Department of Infectious Disease, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- The London Biofoundry, Imperial College Translation and Innovation Hub, White City Campus, London, United Kingdom
- UK Dementia Research Institute Care Research and Technology Centre, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Campus, London, United Kingdom
- * E-mail: (AME); (PSF)
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19
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Wu Z, Wang C, Liu B, Liang C, Lu J, Li J, Tang X, Li C, Li T. Smartphone-Based High-Throughput Fiber-Integrated Immunosensing System for Point-of-Care Testing of the SARS-CoV-2 Nucleocapsid Protein. ACS Sens 2022; 7:1985-1995. [PMID: 35766020 PMCID: PMC9261833 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.2c00754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
To control the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, there is an urgent need for simple, rapid, and reliable detection methods to identify severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection, especially in community hospitals or clinical centers. The SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid protein (NP) is an important index for diagnosis of COVID-19. Here, we proposed a smartphone-based high-throughput fiber-integrated immunosensing system (HFIS) for detecting the SARS-CoV-2 NP in serum samples within 45 min. For the testing of NP standards, the linear detection range was 7.8-1000 pg/mL, the limit of detection was 7.5 pg/mL, and the cut-off value was 8.923 pg/mL. Twenty-five serum samples from clinically diagnosed COVID-19 patients and 100 negative control samples from healthy blood donors were tested for SARS-CoV-2 NP by HFIS, and the obtained results were compared with those of ELISA and Simple Western analysis. The results showed that the HFIS sensitivity and specificity were 72% [95% confidence interval (CI): 52.42-85.72%] and 100% (95% CI: 96.11-100%), respectively, which significantly correlated with those from the commercial ELISA kit and Simple Western analysis. This portable high-throughput HFIS assay could be an alternative test for detecting SARS-CoV-2 NP in blood samples on site.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ze Wu
- Department of Transfusion Medicine, School of
Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, Southern Medical
University, Guangzhou 510515, P. R. China
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Nanfang Hospital,
Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, P. R.
China
| | - Cong Wang
- Department of Transfusion Medicine, School of
Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, Southern Medical
University, Guangzhou 510515, P. R. China
| | - Bochao Liu
- Department of Transfusion Medicine, School of
Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, Southern Medical
University, Guangzhou 510515, P. R. China
- Guangzhou Blood Center,
Guangzhou 510091, P. R. China
| | - Chaolan Liang
- Department of Transfusion Medicine, School of
Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, Southern Medical
University, Guangzhou 510515, P. R. China
| | - Jinhui Lu
- Department of Transfusion Medicine, School of
Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, Southern Medical
University, Guangzhou 510515, P. R. China
| | - Jinfeng Li
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Molecular Epidemiology,
Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen
518054, P. R. China
| | - Xi Tang
- Department of Infection, The First
People’s Hospital of Foshan, Foshan 528010,
China
| | - Chengyao Li
- Department of Transfusion Medicine, School of
Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, Southern Medical
University, Guangzhou 510515, P. R. China
| | - Tingting Li
- Department of Transfusion Medicine, School of
Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, Southern Medical
University, Guangzhou 510515, P. R. China
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20
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Kinnamon DS, Heggestad JT, Liu J, Chilkoti A. Technologies for Frugal and Sensitive Point-of-Care Immunoassays. ANNUAL REVIEW OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY (PALO ALTO, CALIF.) 2022; 15:123-149. [PMID: 35216530 PMCID: PMC10024863 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-anchem-061020-123817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Immunoassays are a powerful tool for sensitive and quantitative analysis of a wide range of biomolecular analytes in the clinic and in research laboratories. However, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA)-the gold-standard assay-requires significant user intervention, time, and clinical resources, making its deployment at the point-of-care (POC) impractical. Researchers have made great strides toward democratizing access to clinical quality immunoassays at the POC and at an affordable price. In this review, we first summarize the commercially available options that offer high performance, albeit at high cost. Next, we describe strategies for the development of frugal POC assays that repurpose consumer electronics and smartphones for the quantitative detection of analytes. Finally, we discuss innovative assay formats that enable highly sensitive analysis in the field with simple instrumentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- David S Kinnamon
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Pratt School of Engineering, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA;
| | - Jacob T Heggestad
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Pratt School of Engineering, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA;
| | - Jason Liu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Pratt School of Engineering, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA;
| | - Ashutosh Chilkoti
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Pratt School of Engineering, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA;
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21
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Tong H, Cao C, You M, Han S, Liu Z, Xiao Y, He W, Liu C, Peng P, Xue Z, Gong Y, Yao C, Xu F. Artificial intelligence-assisted colorimetric lateral flow immunoassay for sensitive and quantitative detection of COVID-19 neutralizing antibody. Biosens Bioelectron 2022; 213:114449. [PMID: 35696869 PMCID: PMC9174064 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2022.114449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Revised: 05/14/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Currently, vaccination is the most effective medical measure to improve group immunity and prevent the rapid spread of COVID-19. Since the individual difference of vaccine effectiveness is inevitable, it is necessary to evaluate the vaccine effectiveness of every vaccinated person to ensure the appearance of herd immunity. Here, we developed an artificial intelligent (AI)-assisted colorimetric polydopamine nanoparticle (PDA)-based lateral flow immunoassay (LFIA) platform for the sensitive and accurate quantification of neutralizing antibodies produced from vaccinations. The platform integrates PDA-based LFIA and a smartphone-based reader to test the neutralizing antibodies in serum, where an AI algorithm is also developed to accurately and quantitatively analyze the results. The developed platform achieved a quantitative detection with 160 ng/mL of detection limit and 625-10000 ng/mL of detection range. Moreover, it also successfully detected totally 50 clinical serum samples, revealing a great consistency with the commercial ELISA kit. Comparing with commercial gold nanoparticle-based LFIA, our PDA-based LFIA platform showed more accurate quantification ability for the clinical serum. Therefore, we envision that the AI-assisted PDA-based LFIA platform with sensitive and accurate quantification ability is of great significance for large-scale evaluation of vaccine effectiveness and other point-of-care immunoassays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoyang Tong
- The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, PR China; Bioinspired Engineering and Biomechanics Center (BEBC), Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, PR China
| | - Chaoyu Cao
- The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, PR China; Bioinspired Engineering and Biomechanics Center (BEBC), Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, PR China
| | - Minli You
- The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, PR China; Bioinspired Engineering and Biomechanics Center (BEBC), Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, PR China.
| | - Shuang Han
- Bioinspired Engineering and Biomechanics Center (BEBC), Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, PR China; Department of Gastroenterology of Honghui Hospital, Xi'an, 710054, PR China
| | - Zhe Liu
- The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, PR China; Bioinspired Engineering and Biomechanics Center (BEBC), Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, PR China; Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, PR China
| | - Ying Xiao
- Clinical Laboratory, Xi'an Jiaotong University School Hospital, Xi'an, 710061, PR China
| | - Wanghong He
- Bioinspired Engineering and Biomechanics Center (BEBC), Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, PR China; Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, PR China
| | - Chang Liu
- The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, PR China; Bioinspired Engineering and Biomechanics Center (BEBC), Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, PR China
| | - Ping Peng
- Bioinspired Engineering and Biomechanics Center (BEBC), Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, PR China; Department of Transfusion Medicine, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, PR China
| | - Zhenrui Xue
- Bioinspired Engineering and Biomechanics Center (BEBC), Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, PR China; Department of Transfusion Medicine, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, PR China
| | - Yan Gong
- Diyinan Biotech Company, Suzhou, 215000, PR China
| | - Chunyan Yao
- Bioinspired Engineering and Biomechanics Center (BEBC), Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, PR China; Department of Transfusion Medicine, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, PR China
| | - Feng Xu
- The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, PR China; Bioinspired Engineering and Biomechanics Center (BEBC), Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, PR China.
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22
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Thompson JE. Low-Cost Microplate Reader with 3D Printed Parts for under 500 USD. SENSORS 2022; 22:s22093242. [PMID: 35590932 PMCID: PMC9103534 DOI: 10.3390/s22093242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Revised: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
A 96-well microplate reader for absorption spectroscopy was designed, constructed, and tested at a total cost of ca. 500 USD. The reduced cost of the device represents the major technical contribution of this manuscript, as costs were reduced 7 fold from previous reports. The device was able to achieve 3σ limits of detection of ca. 0.01 absorbance units (AU) over a 60 second measurement for the mid-visible wavelength range. Component parts are either commercially available, or 3D printed from plans. Analysis wavelength can be altered throughout the visible region through use of various photographic or theatrical filters. This feature allows the well plate reader to be used for typical laboratory assays such as cell population estimation by optical density (OD) at 600 nm, or enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) at 450 nm. This manuscript reports on the motivation and process of constructing the device, lists required parts, presents data demonstrating device function, and provides the community of scholars with plans to reproduce the work. The device can be reproduced in laboratories lacking sufficient resources to purchase commercially available options and this outcome contributes towards empowerment of individuals and equity of scientific enquiry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan E Thompson
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Texas Tech University, 7671 Evans Dr., Amarillo, TX 79106, USA
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23
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Microscopic Imaging Methods for Organ-on-a-Chip Platforms. MICROMACHINES 2022; 13:mi13020328. [PMID: 35208453 PMCID: PMC8879989 DOI: 10.3390/mi13020328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Revised: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Microscopic imaging is essential and the most popular method for in situ monitoring and evaluating the outcome of various organ-on-a-chip (OOC) platforms, including the number and morphology of mammalian cells, gene expression, protein secretions, etc. This review presents an overview of how various imaging methods can be used to image organ-on-a-chip platforms, including transillumination imaging (including brightfield, phase-contrast, and holographic optofluidic imaging), fluorescence imaging (including confocal fluorescence and light-sheet fluorescence imaging), and smartphone-based imaging (including microscope attachment-based, quantitative phase, and lens-free imaging). While various microscopic imaging methods have been demonstrated for conventional microfluidic devices, a relatively small number of microscopic imaging methods have been demonstrated for OOC platforms. Some methods have rarely been used to image OOCs. Specific requirements for imaging OOCs will be discussed in comparison to the conventional microfluidic devices and future directions will be introduced in this review.
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24
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Exploring Sensitive Label-Free Multiplex Analysis with Raman-Coded Microbeads and SERS-Coded Reporters. BIOSENSORS 2022; 12:bios12020121. [PMID: 35200381 PMCID: PMC8870176 DOI: 10.3390/bios12020121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Revised: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Suspension microsphere immunoassays are rapidly gaining attention in multiplex bioassays. Accurate detection of multiple analytes from a single measurement is critical in modern bioanalysis, which always requires complex encoding systems. In this study, a novel bioassay with Raman-coded antibody supports (polymer microbeads with different Raman signatures) and surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS)-coded nanotags (organic thiols on a gold nanoparticle surface with different SERS signatures) was developed as a model fluorescent, label-free, bead-based multiplex immunoassay system. The developed homogeneous immunoassays included two surface-functionalized monodisperse Raman-coded microbeads of polystyrene and poly(4-tert-butylstyrene) as the immune solid supports, and two epitope modified nanotags (self-assembled 4-mercaptobenzoic acid or 3-mercaptopropionic acid on gold nanoparticles) as the SERS-coded reporters. Such multiplex Raman/SERS-based microsphere immunoassays could selectively identify specific paratope–epitope interactions from one mixture sample solution under a single laser illumination, and thus hold great promise in future suspension multiplex analysis for diverse biomedical applications.
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25
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Otoo JA, Schlappi TS. REASSURED Multiplex Diagnostics: A Critical Review and Forecast. BIOSENSORS 2022; 12:bios12020124. [PMID: 35200384 PMCID: PMC8869588 DOI: 10.3390/bios12020124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Revised: 02/05/2022] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
The diagnosis of infectious diseases is ineffective when the diagnostic test does not meet one or more of the necessary standards of affordability, accessibility, and accuracy. The World Health Organization further clarifies these standards with a set of criteria that has the acronym ASSURED (Affordable, Sensitive, Specific, User-friendly, Rapid and robust, Equipment-free and Deliverable to end-users). The advancement of the digital age has led to a revision of the ASSURED criteria to REASSURED: Real-time connectivity, Ease of specimen collection, Affordable, Sensitive, Specific, User-friendly, Rapid and robust, Equipment-free or simple, and Deliverable to end-users. Many diagnostic tests have been developed that aim to satisfy the REASSURED criteria; however, most of them only detect a single target. With the progression of syndromic infections, coinfections and the current antimicrobial resistance challenges, the need for multiplexed diagnostics is now more important than ever. This review summarizes current diagnostic technologies for multiplexed detection and forecasts which methods have promise for detecting multiple targets and meeting all REASSURED criteria.
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26
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Wu M, Zhang C, Tian Z, Xie Q, Lu X, Ning W, Li Y, Duan Y. A universal array platform for ultrasensitive, high-throughput and microvolume detection of heavy metal, nucleic acid and bacteria based on photonic crystals combined with DNA nanomachine. Biosens Bioelectron 2022; 197:113731. [PMID: 34768068 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2021.113731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Revised: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The development of a universal, sensitive, and rapid assay platform to achieve detections of heavy metal, nucleic acid and bacteria is of great significance but it also faces a thorny challenge. Herein, a novel and universal array platform was developed by combining photonic crystals (PCs) and DNA nanomachine. The developed array platform integrated the physical and biological signal amplification ability of PCs and DNA nanomachine, resulting in ultrasensitive detections of Hg2+, DNA, and Shigella sonnei with limits of detection (LODs) of 22.1 ppt, 31.6 fM, and 9 CFU/mL, respectively. More importantly, by utilizing a microplate reader as signal output device, the array achieved high-throughput scanning (96 samples/3 min) with only 2 μL loading sample, which is advantageous for the detection of infectious dangerous targets. In addition, the PCs array could be obtained easily and rapidly based on self-assembly of colloidal nanospheres, and the DNA nanomachine was operated with enzyme-free and time-saving features. Benefiting from these merits, the proposed PCs array offered a powerful universal platform for large-scale detection of various analytes in the fields of pollution monitoring, epidemic control, and public health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengfan Wu
- Research Center of Analytical Instrumentation, School of Mechanical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
| | - Chuyan Zhang
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Ziyi Tian
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Qiyue Xie
- College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, 610065, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaoyong Lu
- College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, 610065, Chengdu, China
| | - Wei Ning
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Yongxin Li
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
| | - Yixiang Duan
- Research Center of Analytical Instrumentation, School of Mechanical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China.
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Pennacchio A, Giampaolo F, Piccialli F, Cuomo S, Notomista E, Spinelli M, Amoresano A, Piscitelli A, Giardina P. A machine learning-enhanced biosensor for mercury detection based on an hydrophobin chimera. Biosens Bioelectron 2022; 196:113696. [PMID: 34655970 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2021.113696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Revised: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Marine waters are becoming contaminated by diverse pollutants at a fast rate, and detection of these water pollutants has become a major concern in recent years. Among these, mercury is considered the most toxic element for human health. At present, despite the commonly used methods for its detection are accurate, they often require sophisticated equipments, have relatively high costs, are demanding and time-consuming. Herein a novel solution to detect mercury (II) pollution in sea water is proposed, and an easy and portable detection method has been developed. Indeed, a hydrophobin based chimera able to both adhere to polystyrene multiwell plates and bind mercury (II) with a consequent fluorescent decrease was designed. The chimera was the recognition element in a fluorescence-based biosensor able to detect mercury (II) in the nM range. Indeed, this biosensor specifically measure Hg2+ concentration also in the presence of other metals, reaching a limit of detection of 0.4 nM in tap water and 0.3 nM in sea water. Moreover, the developed biosensor was coupled to machine learning methodologies with the big advantage of predicting mercury concentration levels without the use of classical reader devices, thus allowing in situ monitoring of sea pollution by non-skilled personnel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Pennacchio
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Italy.
| | - Fabio Giampaolo
- Department of Mathematics and Applications "R. Caccioppoli", University of Naples Federico II, Italy.
| | - Francesco Piccialli
- Department of Mathematics and Applications "R. Caccioppoli", University of Naples Federico II, Italy.
| | - Salvatore Cuomo
- Department of Mathematics and Applications "R. Caccioppoli", University of Naples Federico II, Italy.
| | | | - Michele Spinelli
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Italy.
| | - Angela Amoresano
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Italy.
| | | | - Paola Giardina
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Italy.
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Bergua JF, Álvarez-Diduk R, Idili A, Parolo C, Maymó M, Hu L, Merkoçi A. Low-Cost, User-Friendly, All-Integrated Smartphone-Based Microplate Reader for Optical-Based Biological and Chemical Analyses. Anal Chem 2022; 94:1271-1285. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.1c04491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- José Francisco Bergua
- Institut Català de Nanociència i Nanotecnologia (ICN2), Campus UAB, Bellaterra, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ruslán Álvarez-Diduk
- Institut Català de Nanociència i Nanotecnologia (ICN2), Campus UAB, Bellaterra, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Andrea Idili
- Institut Català de Nanociència i Nanotecnologia (ICN2), Campus UAB, Bellaterra, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Claudio Parolo
- Institut Català de Nanociència i Nanotecnologia (ICN2), Campus UAB, Bellaterra, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
- Barcelona Institute for Global Health, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marc Maymó
- Institut Català de Nanociència i Nanotecnologia (ICN2), Campus UAB, Bellaterra, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Liming Hu
- Institut Català de Nanociència i Nanotecnologia (ICN2), Campus UAB, Bellaterra, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Arben Merkoçi
- Institut Català de Nanociència i Nanotecnologia (ICN2), Campus UAB, Bellaterra, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
- CSIC and the Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), 08036 Barcelona, Spain
- Institucio′ Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), 08010 Barcelona, Spain
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Zhang Z, Ma P, Ahmed R, Wang J, Akin D, Soto F, Liu BF, Li P, Demirci U. Advanced Point-of-Care Testing Technologies for Human Acute Respiratory Virus Detection. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2022; 34:e2103646. [PMID: 34623709 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202103646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2021] [Revised: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 04/14/2023]
Abstract
The ever-growing global threats to human life caused by the human acute respiratory virus (RV) infections have cost billions of lives, created a significant economic burden, and shaped society for centuries. The timely response to emerging RVs could save human lives and reduce the medical care burden. The development of RV detection technologies is essential for potentially preventing RV pandemic and epidemics. However, commonly used detection technologies lack sensitivity, specificity, and speed, thus often failing to provide the rapid turnaround times. To address this problem, new technologies are devised to address the performance inadequacies of the traditional methods. These emerging technologies offer improvements in convenience, speed, flexibility, and portability of point-of-care test (POCT). Herein, recent developments in POCT are comprehensively reviewed for eight typical acute respiratory viruses. This review discusses the challenges and opportunities of various recognition and detection strategies and discusses these according to their detection principles, including nucleic acid amplification, optical POCT, electrochemistry, lateral flow assays, microfluidics, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays, and microarrays. The importance of limits of detection, throughput, portability, and specificity when testing clinical samples in resource-limited settings is emphasized. Finally, the evaluation of commercial POCT kits for both essential RV diagnosis and clinical-oriented practices is included.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaowei Zhang
- Oil Crops Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, National Reference Laboratory for Agricultural Testing (Biotoxin), Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Key Laboratory of Detection for Mycotoxins, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan, 430062, P. R. China
- Bio-Acoustic MEMS in Medicine (BAMM) Laboratory, Canary Center at Stanford for Cancer Early Detection, Department of Radiology, Stanford School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, 94304, USA
| | - Peng Ma
- Bio-Acoustic MEMS in Medicine (BAMM) Laboratory, Canary Center at Stanford for Cancer Early Detection, Department of Radiology, Stanford School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, 94304, USA
- The Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics of MOE at Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics - Hubei Bioinformatics & Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory Systems Biology Theme, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, P. R. China
| | - Rajib Ahmed
- Bio-Acoustic MEMS in Medicine (BAMM) Laboratory, Canary Center at Stanford for Cancer Early Detection, Department of Radiology, Stanford School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, 94304, USA
| | - Jie Wang
- Bio-Acoustic MEMS in Medicine (BAMM) Laboratory, Canary Center at Stanford for Cancer Early Detection, Department of Radiology, Stanford School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, 94304, USA
| | - Demir Akin
- Bio-Acoustic MEMS in Medicine (BAMM) Laboratory, Canary Center at Stanford for Cancer Early Detection, Department of Radiology, Stanford School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, 94304, USA
| | - Fernando Soto
- Bio-Acoustic MEMS in Medicine (BAMM) Laboratory, Canary Center at Stanford for Cancer Early Detection, Department of Radiology, Stanford School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, 94304, USA
| | - Bi-Feng Liu
- The Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics of MOE at Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics - Hubei Bioinformatics & Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory Systems Biology Theme, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, P. R. China
| | - Peiwu Li
- Oil Crops Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, National Reference Laboratory for Agricultural Testing (Biotoxin), Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Key Laboratory of Detection for Mycotoxins, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan, 430062, P. R. China
| | - Utkan Demirci
- Bio-Acoustic MEMS in Medicine (BAMM) Laboratory, Canary Center at Stanford for Cancer Early Detection, Department of Radiology, Stanford School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, 94304, USA
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Current clinical testing approach of COVID. SENSING TOOLS AND TECHNIQUES FOR COVID-19 2022. [PMCID: PMC9334984 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-323-90280-9.00003-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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Yin L, Man S, Ye S, Liu G, Ma L. CRISPR-Cas based virus detection: Recent advances and perspectives. Biosens Bioelectron 2021; 193:113541. [PMID: 34418634 PMCID: PMC8349459 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2021.113541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Revised: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Viral infections are one of the most intimidating threats to human beings. One convincing example is the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by SARS-CoV-2. Rapid, sensitive, specific and field-deployable identification of causal viruses is critical for disease surveillance, control and treatment. The shortcomings of current methods create an impending need for developing novel biosensing platforms. CRISPR-Cas systems, especially CRISPR-Cas12a and CRISPR-Cas13a, characterized by their sensitivity, specificity, high base resolution and programmability upon nucleic acid recognition, have been repurposed for molecular diagnostics, surging a new path forward in biosensing. They, as the core of some robust diagnostic tools, are revolutionizing the way that virus can be detected. This review focuses on recent advances in virus detection with CRISPR-Cas systems especially CRISPR-Cas12a/Cas13a. We started with a short introduction to CRISPR-Cas systems and the properties of Cas12a and Cas13a effectors, and continued with reviewing the current advances of virus detection utilizing CRISPR-Cas systems. The significance and advantages of such methods were then discussed. Finally, the challenges and perspectives were proposed. We tried to provide readers with a concise profile of emerging and fast-expanding CRISPR-Cas based biosensing technology, and highlighted its potential applications in a range of scenarios with regard to virus detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijuan Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Industry Microbiology, National and Local United Engineering Lab of Metabolic Control Fermentation Technology, China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Food Nutrition/Safety and Medicinal Chemistry, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin, 300457, China
| | - Shuli Man
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Industry Microbiology, National and Local United Engineering Lab of Metabolic Control Fermentation Technology, China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Food Nutrition/Safety and Medicinal Chemistry, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin, 300457, China.
| | - Shengying Ye
- Pharmacy Department, The 983(th)Hospital of the Joint Logistics Support Force of the Chinese People's Liberation Army, Tianjin, 300142, China.
| | - Guozhen Liu
- School of Life and Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, 518172, China.
| | - Long Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Industry Microbiology, National and Local United Engineering Lab of Metabolic Control Fermentation Technology, China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Food Nutrition/Safety and Medicinal Chemistry, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin, 300457, China.
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32
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Wang C, Wu Z, Liu B, Zhang P, Lu J, Li J, Zou P, Li T, Fu Y, Chen R, Zhang L, Fu Q, Li C. Track-etched membrane microplate and smartphone immunosensing for SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibody. Biosens Bioelectron 2021; 192:113550. [PMID: 34391066 PMCID: PMC8349359 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2021.113550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Revised: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The level of neutralizing antibody (NAb) to SARS-CoV-2 could be used to evaluate the acquired protective immunity of COVID-19 patients or vaccinees. Here we develop a track-etched microporous membrane filtration microplate (TEM) and optical fibers transmitted immunosensing smartphone platform (TEMFIS) based surrogate virus neutralization test (TEMFIS-sVNT) for rapid one-step testing of NAb to SARS-CoV-2. Coefficient variation (CV) of intra-assay and inter-assay precisions of TEMFIS-sVNT varied below 9% or 14%, respectively. By agreement with pseudovirus neutralization test (pVNT) and ELISA-sVNT for testing of serum samples from 41 COVID-19 patients, 50 COVID-19 vaccinees and 320 healthy blood donors (P = 0.895), TEMFIS-sVNT detected the NAb positivity (sensitivity) in 92.68% COVID-19 patients and 76% vaccinees, but the NAb negativity (specificity) in 100% blood donors. In conclusion, TEMFIS-sVNT can be used for quantitatively point-of-care testing of neutralizing antibody to SARS-CoV-2 in blood samples from COVID-19 patients and vaccinees.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cong Wang
- Department of Transfusion Medicine, School of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ze Wu
- Department of Transfusion Medicine, School of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bochao Liu
- Department of Transfusion Medicine, School of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China; Guangzhou Bai Rui Kang (BRK) Biological Science and Technology Limited Company, Guangzhou, China; Guangzhou Blood Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Panli Zhang
- Department of Transfusion Medicine, School of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jinhui Lu
- Department of Transfusion Medicine, School of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jinfeng Li
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Molecular Epidemiology, Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, China
| | - Peng Zou
- Department of Transfusion Medicine, School of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tingting Li
- Department of Transfusion Medicine, School of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | | | - Ruiai Chen
- Zhaoqing Branch Center of Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agricultural Science and Technology, Zhaoqing, China
| | - Ling Zhang
- Department of Transfusion Medicine, School of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Qiangqiang Fu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Chengyao Li
- Department of Transfusion Medicine, School of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
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33
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Lv Y, Xu H, Wu R, Xu Y, Li N, Li J, Shen H, Ma H, Guo F, Li LS. A quantum dot microspheres-based highly specific and sensitive three-dimensional microarray for multiplexed detection of inflammatory factors. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2021; 32:485101. [PMID: 34371487 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ac1bdd] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The development trend ofin vitrodiagnostics is to obtain various biological information from a sample at extremely low concentration and volume, which has promoted its progress in accurate and sensitive multiplexed detection. Here, we developed a single color quantum dot (QD) based three-dimensional (3D) structure matrix microarray and conducted the detection of two inflammatory factors (C-reactive protein (CRP) and serum amyloid A (SAA)) by a self-built fluorescence detection system. This strategy increased detection sensitivity by immobilizing the antibody specifically on the 3D substrate because it captured more than about 7 times of 'effective' antibodies compared to the two-dimensional (2D) plane. Compared to the dual QDs-2D fluorescence-linked immunosorbent assay, the limit of detection (LOD) of 3D microarray based on QDs modified with amphiphilic polymers has been further improved to 0.11 ng ml-1for SAA assay and to 0.16 ng ml-1for CRP assay, respectively. By using QD microspheres (SiO2@QDs@SiO2-COOH, containing approximately 200-300 hydrophobic QDs on per SiO2sphere) as fluorescent labels, the LOD for CRP and SAA of 3D microarray reached as high as 15 pg ml-1and 86 pg ml-1, and the sensitivity was further improved by 28-fold and 425-fold, respectively. Because of its excellent performance, this QD microspheres-based 3D microarray has great application potential for highly sensitive and multiplexed quantitative detection of other biomarkers, small molecules, and antibiotic residues in biomedicine and food safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanbing Lv
- Key Lab for Special Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, and School of Materials Science and Engineering, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, People's Republic of China
- School of Chemistry, Liaoning University, Shenyang, 110036, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongke Xu
- Division of Nanobiomedicine, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, 215123, People's Republic of China
| | - Ruili Wu
- Key Lab for Special Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, and School of Materials Science and Engineering, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanxia Xu
- Key Lab for Special Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, and School of Materials Science and Engineering, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, People's Republic of China
| | - Ning Li
- Key Lab for Special Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, and School of Materials Science and Engineering, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinjie Li
- Key Lab for Special Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, and School of Materials Science and Engineering, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, People's Republic of China
| | - Huaibin Shen
- Key Lab for Special Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, and School of Materials Science and Engineering, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongwei Ma
- Division of Nanobiomedicine, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, 215123, People's Republic of China
| | - Fang Guo
- School of Chemistry, Liaoning University, Shenyang, 110036, People's Republic of China
| | - Lin Song Li
- Key Lab for Special Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, and School of Materials Science and Engineering, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, People's Republic of China
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Hanif S, Muhammad P, Niu Z, Ismail M, Morsch M, Zhang X, Li M, Shi B. Nanotechnology‐Based Strategies for Early Diagnosis of Central Nervous System Disorders. ADVANCED NANOBIOMED RESEARCH 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/anbr.202100008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Sumaira Hanif
- Henan-Macquarie University Joint Centre for Biomedical Innovation School of Life Sciences Henan University Kaifeng Henan 475004 China
| | - Pir Muhammad
- Henan-Macquarie University Joint Centre for Biomedical Innovation School of Life Sciences Henan University Kaifeng Henan 475004 China
| | - Zheng Niu
- Province's Key Lab of Brain Targeted Bionanomedicine School of Pharmacy Henan University Kaifeng Henan 475004 China
| | - Muhammad Ismail
- Henan-Macquarie University Joint Centre for Biomedical Innovation School of Life Sciences Henan University Kaifeng Henan 475004 China
| | - Marco Morsch
- Department of Biomedical Sciences Macquarie University Centre for Motor Neuron Disease Research Macquarie University NSW 2109 Australia
| | - Xiaoju Zhang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine Henan Provincial People's Hospital Zhengzhou Henan 450003 China
| | - Mingqiang Li
- Laboratory of Biomaterials and Translational Medicine The Third Affiliated Hospital Sun Yat-sen University Guangzhou Guangdong 510630 China
| | - Bingyang Shi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences Faculty of Medicine & Health & Human Sciences Macquarie University NSW 2109 Australia
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Li Q, Bencherif SA, Su M. Edge-Enhanced Microwell Immunoassay for Highly Sensitive Protein Detection. Anal Chem 2021; 93:10292-10300. [PMID: 34251806 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.1c01754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Highly sensitive biosensors that can detect low concentrations of protein biomarkers at the early stages of diseases or proteins secreted from single cells are of importance for disease diagnosis and treatment assessment. This work reports a new signal amplification mechanism, that is, edge enhancement based on the vertical sidewalls of microwells for ultra-sensitive protein detection. The fluorescence emission at the edge of the microwells is highly amplified due to the microscopic axial resolution (depth of field) and demonstrates a microring effect. The enhanced fluorescence intensity from microrings is calibrated for bovine serum albumin detection, which shows a 6-fold sensitivity enhancement and a lower limit of detection at the microwell edge, compared to those obtained on a flat surface. The microwell chip is used to separate single cells, and the wall of each microwell is used to detect interferon-γ secretion from T cells stimulated with a peptide and whole cancer cells. Given its edge-enhancement ability, the microwell technique can be a highly sensitive biosensing platform for disease diagnosis at an early stage and for assessing potential treatments at the single-cell level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingxuan Li
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Sidi A Bencherif
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States.,Department of Bioengineering, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Ming Su
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
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Farokhzad N, Tao W. Materials chemistry-enabled platforms in detecting sexually transmitted infections: progress towards point-of-care tests. TRENDS IN CHEMISTRY 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trechm.2021.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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37
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Ruttanakorn K, Phadungcharoen N, Laiwattanapaisal W, Chinsriwongkul A, Rojanarata T. Smartphone-based technique for the determination of a titration equivalence point from an RGB linear-segment curve with an example application to miniaturized titration of sodium chloride injections. Talanta 2021; 233:122602. [PMID: 34215090 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2021.122602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2021] [Revised: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
A smartphone-based technique for determining the titration equivalence point from a linear-segment curve was developed for the first time. In this method, a titrant in an increasing microliter-volume was added to a set of sample aliquots containing an indicator covering both sides of the equivalence point. The solutions were subsequently photographed in one shot, in a dark box using a smartphone camera and an illuminating screen of a tablet or light emitting diode lamps arranged below a white acrylic sheet as a light source. After the colors of the solutions were delineated to Red, Green, and Blue (RGB) values, 1/log G was used to construct a plot in which the equivalence point was located at the intersection of the two lines in the region before and after the equivalence point. The technique was successfully applied to the miniaturized titration of sodium chloride injections, showing the good linear relationship of equivalence points to the sodium chloride concentration in the range of 0.4163-0.9675% w/v (R2 of 0.9998). The assay was accurate (% recovery of 98.92-100.52), precise (% relative standard deviation ≤ 1.20), and unaffected by the use of different types of microplates, smartphones, and RGB analysis tools. Additionally, it required no expensive nor complicated equipment and offered the possibility of performing analysis on a single smartphone device when it was used with a mobile application developed to aid data processing and immediate production of reports of analytical results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanong Ruttanakorn
- Pharmaceutical Development of Green Innovations Group (PDGIG) and Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Silpakorn University, Sanam Chandra Palace Campus, Nakhon Pathom, 73000, Thailand
| | - Noppharat Phadungcharoen
- Pharmaceutical Development of Green Innovations Group (PDGIG) and Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Silpakorn University, Sanam Chandra Palace Campus, Nakhon Pathom, 73000, Thailand
| | - Wanida Laiwattanapaisal
- Biosensors and Bioanalytical Technology for Cells and Innovative Testing Device Research Unit, Department of Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | | | - Theerasak Rojanarata
- Pharmaceutical Development of Green Innovations Group (PDGIG) and Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Silpakorn University, Sanam Chandra Palace Campus, Nakhon Pathom, 73000, Thailand.
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Osei E, Nkambule SJ, Vezi PN, Mashamba-Thompson TP. Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of the Diagnostic Accuracy of Mobile-Linked Point-of-Care Diagnostics in Sub-Saharan Africa. Diagnostics (Basel) 2021; 11:diagnostics11061081. [PMID: 34204848 PMCID: PMC8231511 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics11061081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Mobile health devices are emerging applications that could help deliver point-of-care (POC) diagnosis, particularly in settings with limited laboratory infrastructure, such as Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). The advent of Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 has resulted in an increased deployment and use of mHealth-linked POC diagnostics in SSA. We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to evaluate the accuracy of mobile-linked point-of-care diagnostics in SSA. Our systematic review and meta-analysis were guided by the Preferred Reporting Items requirements for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis. We exhaustively searched PubMed, Science Direct, Google Scholar, MEDLINE, and CINAHL with full text via EBSCOhost databases, from mHealth inception to March 2021. The statistical analyses were conducted using OpenMeta-Analyst software. All 11 included studies were considered for the meta-analysis. The included studies focused on malaria infections, Schistosoma haematobium, Schistosoma mansoni, soil-transmitted helminths, and Trichuris trichiura. The pooled summary of sensitivity and specificity estimates were moderate compared to those of the reference representing the gold standard. The overall pooled estimates of sensitivity, specificity, positive likelihood ratio, negative likelihood ratio, and diagnostic odds ratio of mobile-linked POC diagnostic devices were as follows: 0.499 (95% CI: 0.458–0.541), 0.535 (95% CI: 0.401–0.663), 0.952 (95% CI: 0.60–1.324), 1.381 (95% CI: 0.391–4.879), and 0.944 (95% CI: 0.579–1.538), respectively. Evidence shows that the diagnostic accuracy of mobile-linked POC diagnostics in detecting infections in SSA is presently moderate. Future research is recommended to evaluate mHealth devices’ diagnostic potential using devices with excellent sensitivities and specificities for diagnosing diseases in this setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ernest Osei
- Discipline of Public Health Medicine, School of Nursing and Public Health, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4001, South Africa; (S.J.N.); (P.N.V.); (T.P.M.-T.)
- Correspondence: or ; Tel.: +233-242-012-953
| | - Sphamandla Josias Nkambule
- Discipline of Public Health Medicine, School of Nursing and Public Health, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4001, South Africa; (S.J.N.); (P.N.V.); (T.P.M.-T.)
| | - Portia Nelisiwe Vezi
- Discipline of Public Health Medicine, School of Nursing and Public Health, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4001, South Africa; (S.J.N.); (P.N.V.); (T.P.M.-T.)
| | - Tivani P. Mashamba-Thompson
- Discipline of Public Health Medicine, School of Nursing and Public Health, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4001, South Africa; (S.J.N.); (P.N.V.); (T.P.M.-T.)
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Prinshof Campus, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0084, South Africa
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Merazzo KJ, Totoricaguena-Gorriño J, Fernández-Martín E, del Campo FJ, Baldrich E. Smartphone-Enabled Personalized Diagnostics: Current Status and Future Prospects. Diagnostics (Basel) 2021; 11:diagnostics11061067. [PMID: 34207908 PMCID: PMC8230325 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics11061067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Revised: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Smartphones are becoming increasingly versatile thanks to the wide variety of sensor and actuator systems packed in them. Mobile devices today go well beyond their original purpose as communication devices, and this enables important new applications, ranging from augmented reality to the Internet of Things. Personalized diagnostics is one of the areas where mobile devices can have the greatest impact. Hitherto, the camera and communication abilities of these devices have been barely exploited for point of care (POC) purposes. This short review covers the recent evolution of mobile devices in the area of POC diagnostics and puts forward some ideas that may facilitate the development of more advanced applications and devices in the area of personalized diagnostics. With this purpose, the potential exploitation of wireless power and actuation of sensors and biosensors using near field communication (NFC), the use of the screen as a light source for actuation and spectroscopic analysis, using the haptic module to enhance mass transport in micro volumes, and the use of magnetic sensors are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karla Jaimes Merazzo
- Basque Center for Materials, Applications and Nanostructures, UPV/EHU Science Park, 48940 Leioa, Spain; (K.J.M.); (J.T.-G.); (E.F.-M.)
| | - Joseba Totoricaguena-Gorriño
- Basque Center for Materials, Applications and Nanostructures, UPV/EHU Science Park, 48940 Leioa, Spain; (K.J.M.); (J.T.-G.); (E.F.-M.)
| | - Eduardo Fernández-Martín
- Basque Center for Materials, Applications and Nanostructures, UPV/EHU Science Park, 48940 Leioa, Spain; (K.J.M.); (J.T.-G.); (E.F.-M.)
| | - F. Javier del Campo
- Basque Center for Materials, Applications and Nanostructures, UPV/EHU Science Park, 48940 Leioa, Spain; (K.J.M.); (J.T.-G.); (E.F.-M.)
- IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, 48009 Bilbao, Spain
- Correspondence: (F.J.d.C.); (E.B)
| | - Eva Baldrich
- Diagnostic Nanotools Group, CIBBIM-Nanomedicine, Vall d’Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Vall d’Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus, 08035 Barcelona, Spain
- Correspondence: (F.J.d.C.); (E.B)
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Sun BR, Zhou AG, Li X, Yu HZ. Development and Application of Mobile Apps for Molecular Sensing: A Review. ACS Sens 2021; 6:1731-1744. [PMID: 33955727 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.1c00512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Modern smartphone-based sensing devices are generally standalone detection platforms that can transduce signals (via the built-in USB port, audio jack, or camera), perform analysis through mobile applications (apps), and display results on the screen/user interface. The advancement toward this ultimate form of on-site chemical analysis and point-of-care diagnosis is tied closely with the evolution of mobile technology. Previous reviews in the field mainly focused on the physical platforms while overlooking the role of mobile apps in such devices. There exist three general stages throughout the development: (1) early generation telemedicine, (2) mobile phone-assisted clinical diagnosis (without apps), and (3) mobile app-based sensing devices for various analytes. This review presents the key breakthroughs during each stage, recent development, remaining challenges, and future perspectives of the field. Representative examples, spanning from the pioneering point-of-care testing to the latest devices with integrated mobile apps, are classified by their sensing mechanisms. The review also discusses the scarcity of open-source apps dedicated to molecular sensing. With the introduction of more open-source and commercial apps, the mobile app-based detection system is anticipated to dominate point-of-care diagnosis and on-site molecular sensing in our opinion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brigitta R. Sun
- Department of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia V5A 1S6, Canada
| | - Alvin G. Zhou
- Department of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia V5A 1S6, Canada
| | - Xiaochun Li
- College of Biomedical Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030024, P.R. China
| | - Hua-Zhong Yu
- Department of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia V5A 1S6, Canada
- College of Biomedical Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030024, P.R. China
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41
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Bounds AD, Bailey RD, Adams CT, Callaghan DC, Girkin JM. LightBox: A multiwell plate illumination system for photoactive molecule characterization. JOURNAL OF BIOPHOTONICS 2021; 14:e202000481. [PMID: 33576569 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.202000481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Revised: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Multiwell plates (MWPs) are the workhorses of the life sciences. However, biophotonics research with MWPs is limited, in part due to the lack of equipment suitable for photo-irradiation of photoactive molecules in a MWP-suitable, high-throughput manner, either commercially or through open-source MWP systems. Here we present "LightBox", a calibrated controllable MWP illumination system with broad applications including screening of photoactive molecules and characterization of photocatalytic chemicals. LightBox is a high intensity, accurately controllable, uniform illumination system designed for MWPs with electronics and a control unit that provides a simple and intuitive interface. LightBox can reach intensities of 0.23 mW/mm2 at wavelengths of 405 nm with variance between well sites of <5%. The usefulness of LightBox is demonstrated by assessing the IC50 of a photosensitizing compound using a live/dead assay following simultaneous irradiation of the sample at a range of concentrations, eliminating uncontrolled variables between concentrations and drastically increasing assessment speed.
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Affiliation(s)
- A D Bounds
- Centre for Advanced Instrumentation, Department of Physics, Durham University, Durham, DH1 3LE, UK
| | - R D Bailey
- Centre for Advanced Instrumentation, Department of Physics, Durham University, Durham, DH1 3LE, UK
| | - C T Adams
- Department of Biosciences, Durham University, Durham, DH1 3LE, UK
| | - D C Callaghan
- Department of Biosciences, Durham University, Durham, DH1 3LE, UK
| | - J M Girkin
- Centre for Advanced Instrumentation, Department of Physics, Durham University, Durham, DH1 3LE, UK
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Uddin MJ, Bhuiyan NH, Hong JH, Shim JS. Smartphone-Based Fully Automated Optofluidic Device with Laser Irradiation-Induced Image Whitening. Anal Chem 2021; 93:6394-6402. [PMID: 33830748 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.0c05387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Herein, we have developed a fully automated optofluidic device to execute enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) using an active 96-well hybrid lab-on-a-chip (LOC) device. To automate the solution loading into the reaction zone of the device and the post-assayed signal analysis, laser irradiation-induced image whitening was utilized with a smartphone-based optical platform. Two optical phenomena were utilized in our platform to detect the liquid in the reaction chamber using a smartphone. First, by Fresnel's equation, the refraction difference between air and water resulted in the intensity change of the reflected light from the reaction chamber. Therefore, when the liquid was entering into the reaction chamber, the intensity of the reflected light was changed. Second, when the light intensity increases, the smartphone-captured image whitens out due to saturation, even when the red color light was incident. Therefore, by measuring the RGB value of the smartphone image, the intensity changes by the liquid movement in the reaction chamber were successfully monitored. Our platform showed a low detection limit of 7.81 pg/mL for the detection of the NT-proBNP human cardiac biomarker with almost a half standard deviation, compared to the manually operated LOC-based ELISA. As a fully automated LOC adopting a conventional 96-well ELISA platform, we thus concluded that the developed platform can be widely applied for point-of-care clinical tests.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Jalal Uddin
- Bio-IT Convergence Laboratory, Department of Electronic Convergence Engineering, Kwangwoon University, 20 Kwangwoon-ro, Nowon-gu, Seoul 01897, Republic of Korea.,Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Islamic University, Kushtia 7003, Bangladesh
| | - Nabil H Bhuiyan
- Bio-IT Convergence Laboratory, Department of Electronic Convergence Engineering, Kwangwoon University, 20 Kwangwoon-ro, Nowon-gu, Seoul 01897, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun H Hong
- Bio-IT Convergence Laboratory, Department of Electronic Convergence Engineering, Kwangwoon University, 20 Kwangwoon-ro, Nowon-gu, Seoul 01897, Republic of Korea
| | - Joon S Shim
- Bio-IT Convergence Laboratory, Department of Electronic Convergence Engineering, Kwangwoon University, 20 Kwangwoon-ro, Nowon-gu, Seoul 01897, Republic of Korea.,BioGeneSys Inc., 20 Kwangwoon-ro, Nowon-gu, Seoul 01897, Republic of Korea
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Dillon M, Zaczek-Moczydlowska MA, Edwards C, Turner AD, Miller PI, Moore H, McKinney A, Lawton L, Campbell K. Current Trends and Challenges for Rapid SMART Diagnostics at Point-of-Site Testing for Marine Toxins. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 21:2499. [PMID: 33916687 PMCID: PMC8038394 DOI: 10.3390/s21072499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2021] [Revised: 03/21/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
In the past twenty years marine biotoxin analysis in routine regulatory monitoring has advanced significantly in Europe (EU) and other regions from the use of the mouse bioassay (MBA) towards the high-end analytical techniques such as high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with tandem mass spectrometry (MS). Previously, acceptance of these advanced methods, in progressing away from the MBA, was hindered by a lack of commercial certified analytical standards for method development and validation. This has now been addressed whereby the availability of a wide range of analytical standards from several companies in the EU, North America and Asia has enhanced the development and validation of methods to the required regulatory standards. However, the cost of the high-end analytical equipment, lengthy procedures and the need for qualified personnel to perform analysis can still be a challenge for routine monitoring laboratories. In developing regions, aquaculture production is increasing and alternative inexpensive Sensitive, Measurable, Accurate and Real-Time (SMART) rapid point-of-site testing (POST) methods suitable for novice end users that can be validated and internationally accepted remain an objective for both regulators and the industry. The range of commercial testing kits on the market for marine toxin analysis remains limited and even more so those meeting the requirements for use in regulatory control. Individual assays include enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) and lateral flow membrane-based immunoassays (LFIA) for EU-regulated toxins, such as okadaic acid (OA) and dinophysistoxins (DTXs), saxitoxin (STX) and its analogues and domoic acid (DA) in the form of three separate tests offering varying costs and benefits for the industry. It can be observed from the literature that not only are developments and improvements ongoing for these assays, but there are also novel assays being developed using upcoming state-of-the-art biosensor technology. This review focuses on both currently available methods and recent advances in innovative methods for marine biotoxin testing and the end-user practicalities that need to be observed. Furthermore, it highlights trends that are influencing assay developments such as multiplexing capabilities and rapid POST, indicating potential detection methods that will shape the future market.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Dillon
- Institute for Global Food Security, School of Biological Sciences, Queen’s University Belfast, 19 Chlorine Gardens, Belfast BT9 5DL, UK; (M.D.); (M.A.Z.-M.)
- Faculty of Health, Peninsula Medical School, University of Plymouth, Plymouth PL4 8AA, UK
| | - Maja A. Zaczek-Moczydlowska
- Institute for Global Food Security, School of Biological Sciences, Queen’s University Belfast, 19 Chlorine Gardens, Belfast BT9 5DL, UK; (M.D.); (M.A.Z.-M.)
| | - Christine Edwards
- School of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Robert Gordon University, Aberdeen AB10 7GJ, UK; (C.E.); (L.L.)
| | - Andrew D. Turner
- Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science, The Nothe, Barrack Road, Weymouth, Dorset DT4 8UB, UK;
| | - Peter I. Miller
- Plymouth Marine Laboratory, Remote Sensing Group, Prospect Place, Plymouth PL1 3DH, UK;
| | - Heather Moore
- Agri-Food and Biosciences Institute, 18a Newforge Lane, Belfast, Northern Ireland BT9 5PX, UK; (H.M.); (A.M.)
| | - April McKinney
- Agri-Food and Biosciences Institute, 18a Newforge Lane, Belfast, Northern Ireland BT9 5PX, UK; (H.M.); (A.M.)
| | - Linda Lawton
- School of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Robert Gordon University, Aberdeen AB10 7GJ, UK; (C.E.); (L.L.)
| | - Katrina Campbell
- Institute for Global Food Security, School of Biological Sciences, Queen’s University Belfast, 19 Chlorine Gardens, Belfast BT9 5DL, UK; (M.D.); (M.A.Z.-M.)
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Ghodake GS, Shinde SK, Kadam AA, Saratale RG, Saratale GD, Syed A, Elgorban AM, Marraiki N, Kim DY. Biological characteristics and biomarkers of novel SARS-CoV-2 facilitated rapid development and implementation of diagnostic tools and surveillance measures. Biosens Bioelectron 2021; 177:112969. [PMID: 33434780 PMCID: PMC7836906 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2021.112969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Revised: 12/30/2020] [Accepted: 01/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Existing coronavirus named as a severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) has speeded its spread across the globe immediately after emergence in China, Wuhan region, at the end of the year 2019. Different techniques, including genome sequencing, structural feature classification by electron microscopy, and chest imaging using computed tomography, are primarily used to diagnose and screen SARS-CoV-2 suspected individuals. Determination of the viral structure, surface proteins, and genome sequence has provided a design blueprint for the diagnostic investigations of novel SARS-CoV-2 virus and rapidly emerging diagnostic technologies, vaccine trials, and cell-entry-inhibiting drugs. Here, we describe recent understandings on the spike glycoprotein (S protein), receptor-binding domain (RBD), and angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) and their receptor complex. This report also aims to review recently established diagnostic technologies and developments in surveillance measures for SARS-CoV-2 as well as the characteristics and performance of emerging techniques. Smartphone apps for contact tracing can help nations to conduct surveillance measures before a vaccine and effective medicines become available. We also describe promising point-of-care (POC) diagnostic technologies that are under consideration by researchers for advancement beyond the proof-of-concept stage. Developing novel diagnostic techniques needs to be facilitated to establish automatic systems, without any personal involvement or arrangement to curb an existing SARS-CoV-2 epidemic crisis, and could also be appropriate for avoiding the emergence of a future epidemic crisis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gajanan Sampatrao Ghodake
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science, Dongguk University-Seoul, Medical Center Ilsan, Goyang-si, 10326, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea
| | - Surendra Krushna Shinde
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science, Dongguk University-Seoul, Medical Center Ilsan, Goyang-si, 10326, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea
| | - Avinash Ashok Kadam
- Research Institute of Biotechnology and Medical Converged Science, Dongguk University-Seoul, Ilsandong-gu, Goyang-si, 10326, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea
| | - Rijuta Ganesh Saratale
- Research Institute of Biotechnology and Medical Converged Science, Dongguk University-Seoul, Ilsandong-gu, Goyang-si, 10326, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea
| | - Ganesh Dattatraya Saratale
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Dongguk University-Seoul, 32 Dongguk-ro, Ilsandong-gu, Goyang-si, 10326, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea
| | - Asad Syed
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455 Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdallah M Elgorban
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455 Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Najat Marraiki
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455 Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Dae-Young Kim
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science, Dongguk University-Seoul, Medical Center Ilsan, Goyang-si, 10326, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea.
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Liu ZG, Xiao M, Yang RZ, Zhou QQ, Ye HF, Yi CQ. Multiplexed Detection of Fe3+, Cobalamin and Folate Using Fluorescent Nanoprobe-Based Microarrays and a Smartphone. JOURNAL OF ANALYSIS AND TESTING 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s41664-021-00163-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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46
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Jégouic SM, Jones IM, Edwards AD. Affordable mobile microfluidic diagnostics: minimum requirements for smartphones and digital imaging for colorimetric and fluorometric anti-dengue and anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibody detection. Wellcome Open Res 2021; 6:57. [PMID: 36312459 PMCID: PMC9614285 DOI: 10.12688/wellcomeopenres.16628.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Miniaturised bioassays permit diagnostic testing near the patient, and the results can be recorded digitally using inexpensive cameras including smartphone and mobile phone cameras. Although digital cameras are now inexpensive and portable, the minimum performance required for microfluidic diagnostic bioassays has not been defined. We present a systematic comparison of a wide range of different digital cameras for capturing and measuring results of microfluidic bioassays and describe a framework to specify performance requirements to quantify immunoassays. Methods: A set of 200 µm diameter microchannels was filled with a range of concentrations of dyes used in colorimetric and fluorometric enzyme immunoassays. These were imaged in parallel using cameras of varying cost and performance ranging from <£30 to >£500. Results: Higher resolution imaging allowed larger numbers of microdevices to be resolved and analysed in a single image. In contrast, low quality cameras were still able to quantify results but for fewer samples. In some cases, an additional macro lens was added to focus closely. If image resolution was sufficient to identify individual microfluidic channels as separate lines, all cameras were able to quantify a similar range of concentrations of both colorimetric and fluorometric dyes. However, the mid-range cameras performed better, with the lowest cost cameras only allowing one or two samples to be quantified per image. Consistent with these findings, we demonstrate that quantitation (to determine endpoint titre) of antibodies against dengue and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) viruses is possible using a wide range of digital imaging devices including the mid-range smartphone iPhone 6S and a budget Android smartphone costing <£50. Conclusions: In conclusion, while more expensive and higher quality cameras allow larger numbers of devices to be simultaneously imaged, even the lowest resolution and cheapest cameras were sufficient to record and quantify immunoassay results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie M. Jégouic
- Reading School of Pharmacy, University of Reading, Reading, RG6 1EE, UK
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Reading, Reading, UK
| | - Ian M. Jones
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Reading, Reading, UK
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47
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Anastassopoulou C, Tsakris A, Patrinos GP, Manoussopoulos Y. Pixel-Based Machine Learning and Image Reconstitution for Dot-ELISA Pathogen Diagnosis in Biological Samples. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:562199. [PMID: 33767673 PMCID: PMC7986560 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.562199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Serological methods serve as a direct or indirect means of pathogen infection diagnosis in plant and animal species, including humans. Dot-ELISA (DE) is an inexpensive and sensitive, solid-state version of the microplate enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, with a broad range of applications in epidemiology. Yet, its applicability is limited by uncertainties in the qualitative output of the assay due to overlapping dot colorations of positive and negative samples, stemming mainly from the inherent color discrimination thresholds of the human eye. Here, we report a novel approach for unambiguous DE output evaluation by applying machine learning-based pattern recognition of image pixels of the blot using an impartial predictive model rather than human judgment. Supervised machine learning was used to train a classifier algorithm through a built multivariate logistic regression model based on the RGB ("Red," "Green," "Blue") pixel attributes of a scanned DE output of samples of known infection status to a model pathogen (Lettuce big-vein associated virus). Based on the trained and cross-validated algorithm, pixel probabilities of unknown samples could be predicted in scanned DE output images, which would then be reconstituted by pixels having probabilities above a cutoff. The cutoff may be selected at will to yield desirable false positive and false negative rates depending on the question at hand, thus allowing for proper dot classification of positive and negative samples and, hence, accurate diagnosis. Potential improvements and diagnostic applications of the proposed versatile method that translates unique pathogen antigens to the universal basic color language are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cleo Anastassopoulou
- Department of Microbiology, Medical School, University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Athanasios Tsakris
- Department of Microbiology, Medical School, University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - George P Patrinos
- Laboratory of Pharmacogenomics and Individualized Therapy, Department of Pharmacy, School of Health Sciences, University of Patras, Patras, Greece.,Zayed Center of Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates.,Department of Pathology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Yiannis Manoussopoulos
- Department of Microbiology, Medical School, University of Athens, Athens, Greece.,Laboratory of Virology, Plant Protection Division of Patras, ELGO-Demeter, Patras, Greece
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48
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Uddin MJ, Bhuiyan NH, Shim JS. Fully integrated rapid microfluidic device translated from conventional 96-well ELISA kit. Sci Rep 2021; 11:1986. [PMID: 33479284 PMCID: PMC7820004 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-81433-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2020] [Accepted: 01/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
In this work, a fully integrated active microfluidic device transforming a conventional 96-well kit into point-of-care testing (POCT) device was implemented to improve the performance of traditional enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). ELISA test by the conventional method often requires the collection of 96 samples for its operation as well as longer incubation time from hours to overnight, whereas our proposed device conducts ELISA immediately individualizing a 96-well for individual patients. To do that, a programmable and disposable on-chip pump and valve were integrated on the device for precise control and actuation of microfluidic reagents, which regulated a reaction time and reagent volume to support the optimized protocols of ELISA. Due to the on-chip pump and valve, ELISA could be executed with reduced consumption of reagents and shortening the assay time, which are crucial for conventional ELISA using 96-well microplate. To demonstrate highly sensitive detection and easy-to-use operation, this unconventional device was successfully applied for the quantification of cardiac troponin I (cTnI) of 4.88 pg/mL using a minimum sample volume of 30 µL with a shorter assay time of 15 min for each ELISA step. The limit of detection (LOD) thus obtained was significantly improved than the conventional 96-well platform.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Jalal Uddin
- Bio-IT Convergence Laboratory, Department of Electronics and Convergence Engineering, Kwangwoon University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Islamic University, Kushtia, Bangladesh
| | - Nabil H Bhuiyan
- Bio-IT Convergence Laboratory, Department of Electronics and Convergence Engineering, Kwangwoon University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Joon S Shim
- Bio-IT Convergence Laboratory, Department of Electronics and Convergence Engineering, Kwangwoon University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
- BioGeneSys Inc., Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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Cao J, Ouyang P, Yu S, Shi F, Ren C, Wang C, Shen M, Yang Z. Hedgehog-like Bi2S3 nanostructures: a novel composite soft template route to the synthesis and sensitive electrochemical immunoassay of the liver cancer biomarker. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 57:1766-1769. [DOI: 10.1039/d0cc07572h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
A new route was proposed to synthesize novel hedgehog-like Bi2S3nanostructure using CTAB-trimellitic acid as a composite soft template and thiourea as the sulfur source, which was used to construct an effective electrochemical AFP immunosensor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiawen Cao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Guangling College
- Yangzhou University
- Yangzhou 225002
- P. R. China
| | - Pu Ouyang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Guangling College
- Yangzhou University
- Yangzhou 225002
- P. R. China
| | - Suhua Yu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Guangling College
- Yangzhou University
- Yangzhou 225002
- P. R. China
| | - Feng Shi
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Guangling College
- Yangzhou University
- Yangzhou 225002
- P. R. China
| | - Chuanli Ren
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Clinical Medical College of Yangzhou University
- Subei Peoples’ Hospital of Jiangsu Province
- Yangzhou
- P. R. China
| | - Chengyin Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Guangling College
- Yangzhou University
- Yangzhou 225002
- P. R. China
| | - Ming Shen
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Guangling College
- Yangzhou University
- Yangzhou 225002
- P. R. China
| | - Zhanjun Yang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Guangling College
- Yangzhou University
- Yangzhou 225002
- P. R. China
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Son J, Mandracchia B, Jia S. Miniaturized modular-array fluorescence microscopy. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2020; 11:7221-7235. [PMID: 33408992 PMCID: PMC7747904 DOI: 10.1364/boe.410605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Revised: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Fluorescence live-cell imaging allows for continuous interrogation of cellular behaviors, and the recent development of portable live-cell imaging platforms has rapidly transformed conventional schemes with high adaptability, cost-effective functionalities and easy accessibility to cell-based assays. However, broader applications remain restrictive due to compatibility with conventional cell culture workflow and biochemical sensors, accessibility to up-right physiological imaging, or parallelization of data acquisition. Here, we introduce miniaturized modular-array fluorescence microscopy (MAM) for compact live-cell imaging in flexible formats. We advance the current miniscopy technology to devise an up-right modular architecture, each combining a gradient-index (GRIN) objective and individually-addressed illumination and acquisition components. Parallelization of an array of such modular devices allows for multi-site data acquisition in situ using conventional off-the-shelf cell chambers. Compared with existing methods, the device offers a high fluorescence sensitivity and efficiency, exquisite spatiotemporal resolution (∼3 µm and up to 60 Hz), a configuration compatible with conventional cell culture assays and physiological imaging, and an effective parallelization of data acquisition. The system has been demonstrated using various calibration and biological samples and experimental conditions, representing a promising solution to time-lapse in situ single-cell imaging and analysis.
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