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Pham PV, Mai TH, Do HB, Vasundhara M, Nguyen VH, Nguyen T, Bui HV, Dao VD, Gupta RK, Ponnusamy VK, Park JH. Layer-by-layer thinning of two-dimensional materials. Chem Soc Rev 2024; 53:5190-5226. [PMID: 38586901 DOI: 10.1039/d3cs00817g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
Etching technology - one of the representative modern semiconductor device makers - serves as a broad descriptor for the process of removing material from the surfaces of various materials, whether partially or entirely. Meanwhile, thinning technology represents a novel and highly specialized approach within the realm of etching technology. It indicates the importance of achieving an exceptionally sophisticated and precise removal of material, layer-by-layer, at the nanoscale. Notably, thinning technology has gained substantial momentum, particularly in top-down strategies aimed at pushing the frontiers of nano-worlds. This rapid development in thinning technology has generated substantial interest among researchers from diverse backgrounds, including those in the fields of chemistry, physics, and engineering. Precisely and expertly controlling the layer numbers of 2D materials through the thinning procedure has been considered as a crucial step. This is because the thinning processes lead to variations in the electrical and optical characteristics. In this comprehensive review, the strategies for top-down thinning of representative 2D materials (e.g., graphene, black phosphorus, MoS2, h-BN, WS2, MoSe2, and WSe2) based on conventional plasma-assisted thinning, integrated cyclic plasma-assisted thinning, laser-assisted thinning, metal-assisted splitting, and layer-resolved splitting are covered in detail, along with their mechanisms and benefits. Additionally, this review further explores the latest advancements in terms of the potential advantages of semiconductor devices achieved by top-down 2D material thinning procedures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phuong V Pham
- Department of Physics, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan.
| | - The-Hung Mai
- Department of Physics, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan.
| | - Huy-Binh Do
- Faculty of Applied Science, Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology and Education, Thu Duc 700000, Vietnam
| | - M Vasundhara
- Polymers and Functional Materials Department, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Tarnaka, Hyderabad 500007, India
| | - Van-Huy Nguyen
- Centre for Herbal Pharmacology and Environmental Sustainability, Chettinad Hospital and Research Institute, Chettinad Academy of Research and Education, Kelambakkam-603103, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Trieu Nguyen
- Shared Research Facilities, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA
| | - Hao Van Bui
- Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering and Faculty of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Phenikaa University, Hanoi 12116, Vietnam
| | - Van-Duong Dao
- Faculty of Biotechnology, Chemistry, and Environmental Engineering, Phenikaa University, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam
| | - Ram K Gupta
- Department of Chemistry, Kansas Polymer Research Center, Pittsburg State University, Pittsburg, KS-66762, USA
| | - Vinoth Kumar Ponnusamy
- Department of Medicinal and Applied Chemistry, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan.
- Research Center for Precision Environmental Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
- Department of Chemistry, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan
| | - Jin-Hong Park
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon 16419, South Korea.
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He M, Zhang X, Ran X, Zhang Y, Nie X, Xiao B, Lei L, Zhai S, Zhu J, Zhang J, Li R, Liu Z, Zhu Y, Dai Z, He Z, Feng J, Zhang C. Black Phosphorus Nanosheets Protect Neurons by Degrading Aggregative α-syn and Clearing ROS in Parkinson's Disease. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024:e2404576. [PMID: 38696266 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202404576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2024] [Revised: 04/27/2024] [Indexed: 05/04/2024]
Abstract
Although evidence indicates that the abnormal accumulation of α-synuclein (α-syn) in dopamine neurons of the substantia nigra is the main pathological feature of Parkinson's disease (PD), no compounds that have both α-syn antiaggregation and α-syn degradation functions have been successful in treating the disease in the clinic. Here, it is shown that black phosphorus nanosheets (BPNSs) interact directly with α-syn fibrils to trigger their disaggregation for PD treatment. Moreover, BPNSs have a specific affinity for α-syn through van der Waals forces. And BPNSs are found to activate autophagy to maintain α-syn homeostasis, improve mitochondrial dysfunction, reduce reactive oxygen species levels, and rescue neuronal death and synaptic loss in PC12 cells. It is also observed that BPNSs penetrate the blood-brain barrier and protect against dopamine neuron loss, alleviating behavioral disorders in 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) induced mouse model and hA53T α-syn transgenic mice. Together, the study reveals that BPNSs have the potential as a novel integrated nanomedicine for clinical diagnosis and treatment of neurological diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meina He
- Engineering Research Center for Molecular Medicine, College of Basic Medical Science, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 561113, China
- Department of Biology, College of Basic Medical Science, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 561113, China
| | - Xiangming Zhang
- Engineering Research Center for Molecular Medicine, College of Basic Medical Science, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 561113, China
- Department of Biology, College of Basic Medical Science, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 561113, China
| | - Xia Ran
- Engineering Research Center for Molecular Medicine, College of Basic Medical Science, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 561113, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Engineering Research Center for Molecular Medicine, College of Basic Medical Science, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 561113, China
- Department of Biology, College of Basic Medical Science, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 561113, China
| | - Xiaoran Nie
- Engineering Research Center for Molecular Medicine, College of Basic Medical Science, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 561113, China
- Department of Biology, College of Basic Medical Science, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 561113, China
| | - Bo Xiao
- Engineering Research Center for Molecular Medicine, College of Basic Medical Science, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 561113, China
| | - Li Lei
- Engineering Research Center for Molecular Medicine, College of Basic Medical Science, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 561113, China
| | - Suzhen Zhai
- Department of Biology, College of Basic Medical Science, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 561113, China
| | - JinMing Zhu
- Engineering Research Center for Molecular Medicine, College of Basic Medical Science, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 561113, China
| | - Jingjing Zhang
- Engineering Research Center for Molecular Medicine, College of Basic Medical Science, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 561113, China
| | - Rong Li
- Engineering Research Center for Molecular Medicine, College of Basic Medical Science, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 561113, China
| | - Zuoji Liu
- Engineering Research Center for Molecular Medicine, College of Basic Medical Science, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 561113, China
| | - Yuping Zhu
- Engineering Research Center for Molecular Medicine, College of Basic Medical Science, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 561113, China
- Department of Biology, College of Basic Medical Science, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 561113, China
| | - Zhijun Dai
- Engineering Research Center for Molecular Medicine, College of Basic Medical Science, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 561113, China
- Department of Biology, College of Basic Medical Science, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 561113, China
| | - Zhixu He
- Engineering Research Center for Molecular Medicine, College of Basic Medical Science, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 561113, China
| | - Jian Feng
- Engineering Research Center for Molecular Medicine, College of Basic Medical Science, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 561113, China
| | - Chunlin Zhang
- Engineering Research Center for Molecular Medicine, College of Basic Medical Science, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 561113, China
- Department of Biology, College of Basic Medical Science, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 561113, China
- Key Laboratory of Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, Ministry of Education & Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology of Guizhou Province, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550004, China
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Zhang X, Lv B, Wei H, Yan X, Peng G, Qin S. Photodegradation and van der Waals Passivation of Violet Phosphorus. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 14:422. [PMID: 38470753 DOI: 10.3390/nano14050422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2024] [Revised: 02/17/2024] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
Violet phosphorus (VP), a novel two-dimensional (2D) nanomaterial, boasts structural anisotropy, a tunable optical bandgap, and superior thermal stability compared with its allotropes. Its multifunctionality has sparked widespread interest in the community. Yet, the VP's air susceptibility impedes both probing its intrinsic features and device integration, thus making it of urgent significance to unveil the degradation mechanism. Herein, we conduct a comprehensive study of photoactivated degradation effects on VP. A nitrogen annealing method is presented for the effective elimination of surface adsorbates from VP, as evidenced by a giant surface-roughness improvement from 65.639 nm to 7.09 nm, enabling direct observation of the intrinsic morphology changes induced by photodegradation. Laser illumination demonstrates a significant thickness-thinning effect on VP, manifested in the remarkable morphological changes and the 73% quenching of PL intensity within 160 s, implying its great potential for the efficient selected-area etching of VP at high resolution. Furthermore, van der Waals passivation of VP using 2D hexagonal boron nitride (hBN) was achieved. The hBN-passivated channel exhibited improved surface roughness (0.512 nm), reduced photocurrent hysteresis, and lower responsivity (0.11 A/W @ 450 nm; 2 μW), effectively excluding adsorbate-induced electrical and optoelectrical effects while disabling photodegradation. Based on our experimental results, we conclude that three possible factors contribute to the photodegradation of VP: illumination with photon energy higher than the bandgap, adsorbed H2O, and adsorbed O2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangzhe Zhang
- College of Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha 410073, China
| | - Bowen Lv
- College of Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha 410073, China
| | - Haitao Wei
- College of Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha 410073, China
| | - Xingheng Yan
- College of Aerospace Science and Engineering, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha 410073, China
| | - Gang Peng
- College of Science, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha 410073, China
| | - Shiqiao Qin
- College of Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha 410073, China
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Tufail S, Sherwani MA, Shamim Z, Abdullah, Goh KW, Alomary MN, Ansari MA, Almosa AA, Ming LC, Abdullah ADI, Khan FB, Menhali AA, Mirza S, Ayoub MA. 2D nanostructures: Potential in diagnosis and treatment of Alzheimer's disease. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 170:116070. [PMID: 38163396 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.116070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Revised: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Two-dimensional (2D) nanomaterials have garnered enormous attention seemingly due to their unusual architecture and properties. Graphene and graphene oxide based 2D nanomaterials remained the most sought after for several years but the quest to design superior 2D nanomaterials which can find wider application gave rise to development of non-graphene 2D materials as well. Consequently, in addition to graphene based 2D nanomaterials, 2D nanostructures designed using macromolecules (such as DNAs, proteins, peptides and peptoids), transition metal dichalcogenides, transition-metal carbides and/or nitrides (MXene), black phosphorous, chitosan, hexagonal boron nitrides, and graphitic carbon nitride, and covalent organic frameworks have been developed. Interestingly, these 2D nanomaterials have found applications in diagnosis and treatment of various diseases including Alzheimer's disease (AD). Although AD is one of the most debilitating neurodegenerative conditions across the globe; unfortunately, there remains a paucity of effective diagnostic and/or therapeutic intervention for it till date. In this scenario, nanomaterial-based biosensors, or therapeutics especially 2D nanostructures are emerging to be promising in this regard. This review summarizes the diagnostic and therapeutic platforms developed for AD using 2D nanostructures. Collectively, it is worth mentioning that these 2D nanomaterials would seemingly provide an alternative and intriguing platform for biomedical interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saba Tufail
- Department of Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA.
| | | | - Zahid Shamim
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Technology, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India
| | - Abdullah
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Malakand, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Khang Wen Goh
- Faculty Data Science and Information Technology, INTI International University, Nilai, Malaysia
| | - Mohammad N Alomary
- Advanced Diagnostic and Therapeutic Institute, King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad Azam Ansari
- Department of Epidemic Disease Research, Institute for Research and Medical Consultations (IRMC), Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Abdulaziz Abdullah Almosa
- Wellness and Preventive Medicine Institute, King AbdulAziz City of Science and Technology, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Long Chiau Ming
- Department of Medical Sciences, School of Medical and Life Sciences, Sunway University, Sunway City, Malaysia.
| | - Amar Daud Iskandar Abdullah
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Medical and Life Sciences, Sunway University, Sunway City, Malaysia.
| | - Farheen Badrealam Khan
- Department of Biology, College of Science, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates; Department of Biological Sciences, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Khalifa University, PO Box 127788, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates.
| | - Asma Al Menhali
- Department of Biology, College of Science, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates.
| | - Sameer Mirza
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates.
| | - Mohammed Akli Ayoub
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Khalifa University, PO Box 127788, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates.
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Lei L, Zhang S, Zhang X, Qin B, Deng S, Zhao Q, Xing B. Concentration-Dependent Layer Exfoliation of Black Phosphorus by Human Serum Albumin and Its Corresponding Biocompatibility Change. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2023; 57:20118-20126. [PMID: 37916746 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c03739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2023]
Abstract
Layered black phosphorus (LBP) is drawing increasing attention because of its excellent potential in biomedical applications. Properties and bioeffects of LBP depend on its layer number (LN). However, the variation of LN during applications, especially in organisms, is largely unknown. Herein, LBP is found to be exfoliated by human serum albumin (HSA) after the formation of protein coronas. The sorption of HSA on LBP exhibits multiple intermediate equilibrium and size-dependent capacity and is distinguished from traditional multilayer sorption. The loss of LN for LBP increases with the increase of HSA concentrations, e.g., 2, 4, and 6 layers of LBP are exfoliated at 35, 135, and 550 mg/L HSA, respectively. The energy distribution shows that at low HSA concentrations, exfoliation is mainly driven by electrostatic and hydrogen bond interactions. With middle or high HSA concentrations, exfoliation is mainly driven by p-π or hydrophobic interactions, respectively. Layer exfoliation causes the continuous emergence of an unsaturated LBP surface available for adsorbing further HSA, breaking previous sorption saturations. The complete exfoliation of LBP weakens cytotoxicity and promotes internalization to the A-549 cell line compared with pristine or less exfoliated LBP. This finding unveils the exfoliation mechanism of proteins toward LBP and is of benefit to evaluating application performance and biosafety of LBP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Lei
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Agro-Environmental Pollution Control and Management, Institute of Eco-Environmental and Soil Sciences, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Ecology and Environmental Engineering, Institude of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Siyu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Ecology and Environmental Engineering, Institude of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Xuejiao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Ecology and Environmental Engineering, Institude of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Bin Qin
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Ecology and Environmental Engineering, Institude of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Shuo Deng
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Ecology and Environmental Engineering, Institude of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Qing Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Agro-Environmental Pollution Control and Management, Institute of Eco-Environmental and Soil Sciences, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China
- China National-Regional Joint Engineering Research Center for Soil Pollution Control and Remediation in South China, GuangZhou 510650, China
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Ecology and Environmental Engineering, Institude of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Baoshan Xing
- Stockbridge School of Agriculture, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
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Tian H, Wang J, Lai G, Dou Y, Gao J, Duan Z, Feng X, Wu Q, He X, Yao L, Zeng L, Liu Y, Yang X, Zhao J, Zhuang S, Shi J, Qu G, Yu XF, Chu PK, Jiang G. Renaissance of elemental phosphorus materials: properties, synthesis, and applications in sustainable energy and environment. Chem Soc Rev 2023; 52:5388-5484. [PMID: 37455613 DOI: 10.1039/d2cs01018f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
The polymorphism of phosphorus-based materials has garnered much research interest, and the variable chemical bonding structures give rise to a variety of micro and nanostructures. Among the different types of materials containing phosphorus, elemental phosphorus materials (EPMs) constitute the foundation for the synthesis of related compounds. EPMs are experiencing a renaissance in the post-graphene era, thanks to recent advancements in the scaling-down of black phosphorus, amorphous red phosphorus, violet phosphorus, and fibrous phosphorus and consequently, diverse classes of low-dimensional sheets, ribbons, and dots of EPMs with intriguing properties have been produced. The nanostructured EPMs featuring tunable bandgaps, moderate carrier mobility, and excellent optical absorption have shown great potential in energy conversion, energy storage, and environmental remediation. It is thus important to have a good understanding of the differences and interrelationships among diverse EPMs, their intrinsic physical and chemical properties, the synthesis of specific structures, and the selection of suitable nanostructures of EPMs for particular applications. In this comprehensive review, we aim to provide an in-depth analysis and discussion of the fundamental physicochemical properties, synthesis, and applications of EPMs in the areas of energy conversion, energy storage, and environmental remediation. Our evaluations are based on recent literature on well-established phosphorus allotropes and theoretical predictions of new EPMs. The objective of this review is to enhance our comprehension of the characteristics of EPMs, keep abreast of recent advances, and provide guidance for future research of EPMs in the fields of chemistry and materials science.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haijiang Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, P. R. China.
- Key Laboratory of Environment Remediation and Ecological Health, Ministry of Education, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, P. R. China
| | - Jiahong Wang
- Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, P. R. China.
- Hubei Three Gorges Laboratory, Yichang, Hubei 443007, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Gengchang Lai
- Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, P. R. China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Yanpeng Dou
- Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, P. R. China.
- Hubei Three Gorges Laboratory, Yichang, Hubei 443007, P. R. China
| | - Jie Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, P. R. China.
- School of Environment, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310024, P. R. China
| | - Zunbin Duan
- Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, P. R. China.
- Hubei Three Gorges Laboratory, Yichang, Hubei 443007, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoxiao Feng
- Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, P. R. China.
| | - Qi Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, P. R. China.
- School of Environment, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310024, P. R. China
| | - Xingchen He
- Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, P. R. China.
- Hubei Three Gorges Laboratory, Yichang, Hubei 443007, P. R. China
| | - Linlin Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, P. R. China.
| | - Li Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, P. R. China.
| | - Yanna Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, P. R. China.
| | - Xiaoxi Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, P. R. China.
| | - Jing Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, P. R. China.
- School of Environment, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310024, P. R. China
| | - Shulin Zhuang
- Key Laboratory of Environment Remediation and Ecological Health, Ministry of Education, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, P. R. China
| | - Jianbo Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, P. R. China.
- School of Environment, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310024, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Guangbo Qu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, P. R. China.
- School of Environment, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310024, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Xue-Feng Yu
- Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, P. R. China.
- Hubei Three Gorges Laboratory, Yichang, Hubei 443007, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Paul K Chu
- Department of Physics, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Guibin Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, P. R. China.
- Key Laboratory of Environment Remediation and Ecological Health, Ministry of Education, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, P. R. China
- School of Environment, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310024, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
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7
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Huang J, Santos AC, Tan Q, Bai H, Hu X, Mamidi N, Wu Z. Black phosphorous-based biomaterials for bone defect regeneration: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Nanobiotechnology 2022; 20:522. [PMID: 36496422 PMCID: PMC9741806 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-022-01735-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Critical-sized bone defects are always difficult to treat, and they are associated with a significant burden of disease in clinical practice. In recent decades, due to the fast development of biomaterials and tissue engineering, many bioinspired materials have been developed to treat large bone defects. Due to the excellent osteoblastic ability of black phosphorous (BP), many BP-based biomaterials have been developed to treat bone defects. Therefore, there are abundant studies as well as a tremendous amount of research data. It is urgent to conduct evidence-based research to translate these research data and results into validated scientific evidence. Therefore, in our present study, a qualitative systematic review and a quantitative meta-analysis were performed. Eighteen studies were included in a systematic review, while twelve studies were included in the meta-analysis. Our results showed that the overall quality of experimental methods and reports of biomaterials studies was still low, which needs to be improved in future studies. Besides, we also proved the excellent osteoblastic ability of BP-based biomaterials. But we did not find a significant effect of near-infrared (NIR) laser in BP-based biomaterials for treating bone defects. However, the quality of the evidence presented by included studies was very low. Therefore, to accelerate the clinical translation of BP-based biomaterials, it is urgent to improve the quality of the study method and reporting in future animal studies. More evidence-based studies should be conducted to enhance the quality and clinical translation of BP-based biomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinfeng Huang
- grid.233520.50000 0004 1761 4404Department of Orthopaedics, Xijing Hospital, The Air Force Medical University, Xi’an, 710032 Shaanxi People’s Republic of China
| | - Ana Cláudia Santos
- grid.8051.c0000 0000 9511 4342Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy of the University of Coimbra, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal ,grid.8051.c0000 0000 9511 4342REQUIMTE/LAQV, Group of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy of the University of Coimbra, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Quanchang Tan
- grid.233520.50000 0004 1761 4404Department of Orthopaedics, Xijing Hospital, The Air Force Medical University, Xi’an, 710032 Shaanxi People’s Republic of China
| | - Hao Bai
- grid.233520.50000 0004 1761 4404Department of Orthopaedics, Xijing Hospital, The Air Force Medical University, Xi’an, 710032 Shaanxi People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaofan Hu
- grid.233520.50000 0004 1761 4404Department of Orthopaedics, Xijing Hospital, The Air Force Medical University, Xi’an, 710032 Shaanxi People’s Republic of China
| | - Narsimha Mamidi
- grid.419886.a0000 0001 2203 4701Department of Chemistry and Nanotechnology, School of Engineering and Science, Tecnologico de Monterrey, 64849 Monterrey, NL Mexico
| | - Zixiang Wu
- grid.233520.50000 0004 1761 4404Department of Orthopaedics, Xijing Hospital, The Air Force Medical University, Xi’an, 710032 Shaanxi People’s Republic of China
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8
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Li J, Yi S, Wang K, Liu Y, Li J. Alkene-Catalyzed Rapid Layer-by-Layer Thinning of Black Phosphorus for Precise Nanomanufacturing. ACS NANO 2022; 16:13111-13122. [PMID: 35943043 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.2c05909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Black phosphorus (BP) is a promising material for electronic and optoelectronic applications. However, it is still challenging to obtain geometrically well-defined BP with desirable thickness. The method involving rapid BP surface reaction via alkene-catalyzed oxidation and easy removal of reactants by a mechanical effect was proposed to achieve the precise layer-by-layer thinning and real-time thickness monitoring of BP for nanopatterning with high spatial resolution based on mechanical scanning probe nanolithography. The enhanced electron affinity of oxygen with the assistance of a carbon-carbon double bond (C═C) in the alkene was demonstrated by density functional theory calculations, shortening the BP surface oxidation period by 99%, which provides access for the rapid thinning. The few-layer BP nanoflake with nested structure and arbitrary thickness on various substrates and the nanopatterned heterojunctions (BP/graphene and BP/hexagonal boron nitride) can be precisely fabricated by the adjustment of scanning number under a small load. This thinning technology was efficient and universal, which could be used to fabricate a BP field-effect transistor with a thinned channel to enhance the capability for current modulation, showing great potential applications for designing high-performance nanodevices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianfeng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Tribology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Shuang Yi
- State Key Laboratory of Tribology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
| | - Kaiqiang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Tribology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Yanfei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Tribology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Jinjin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Tribology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
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9
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Huang W, Zhang Y, Song M, Wang B, Hou H, Hu X, Chen X, Zhai T. Encapsulation strategies on 2D materials for field effect transistors and photodetectors. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2021.08.086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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10
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Lu Q, Li X, Chen H, Jia Y, Liu T, Liu X, Wang S, Fu J, Chen D, Zhang J, Hao Y. Study on Black Phosphorus Characteristics Using a Two-Step Thinning Method. MATERIALS 2022; 15:ma15020615. [PMID: 35057329 PMCID: PMC8778055 DOI: 10.3390/ma15020615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2021] [Revised: 01/08/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
A mild two-step method of black phosphorus (BP) flake thinning was demonstrated in this article. Slight ultraviolet-ozone (UVO) radiation followed by an argon plasma treatment was employed to oxidize mechanically exfoliated BP flakes and remove the surface remains of previous ozone treatment. The annealing process introduced aims to reduce impurities and defects. Low damage and efficient electronic devices were fabricated in terms of controlling the thickness of BP flakes through this method. These results lead to an important step toward the fabrication of high-performance devices based on two-dimensioned materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin Lu
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Semiconductor Devices and Materials, School of Electronic Engineering, Xi’an University of Posts & Telecommunications, Xi’an 710121, China; (X.L.); (H.C.); (Y.J.); (T.L.); (X.L.); (S.W.)
- Correspondence: (Q.L.); (J.F.)
| | - Xiaoyang Li
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Semiconductor Devices and Materials, School of Electronic Engineering, Xi’an University of Posts & Telecommunications, Xi’an 710121, China; (X.L.); (H.C.); (Y.J.); (T.L.); (X.L.); (S.W.)
| | - Haifeng Chen
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Semiconductor Devices and Materials, School of Electronic Engineering, Xi’an University of Posts & Telecommunications, Xi’an 710121, China; (X.L.); (H.C.); (Y.J.); (T.L.); (X.L.); (S.W.)
| | - Yifan Jia
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Semiconductor Devices and Materials, School of Electronic Engineering, Xi’an University of Posts & Telecommunications, Xi’an 710121, China; (X.L.); (H.C.); (Y.J.); (T.L.); (X.L.); (S.W.)
| | - Tengfei Liu
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Semiconductor Devices and Materials, School of Electronic Engineering, Xi’an University of Posts & Telecommunications, Xi’an 710121, China; (X.L.); (H.C.); (Y.J.); (T.L.); (X.L.); (S.W.)
| | - Xiangtai Liu
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Semiconductor Devices and Materials, School of Electronic Engineering, Xi’an University of Posts & Telecommunications, Xi’an 710121, China; (X.L.); (H.C.); (Y.J.); (T.L.); (X.L.); (S.W.)
| | - Shaoqing Wang
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Semiconductor Devices and Materials, School of Electronic Engineering, Xi’an University of Posts & Telecommunications, Xi’an 710121, China; (X.L.); (H.C.); (Y.J.); (T.L.); (X.L.); (S.W.)
| | - Jiao Fu
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Semiconductor Devices and Materials, School of Electronic Engineering, Xi’an University of Posts & Telecommunications, Xi’an 710121, China; (X.L.); (H.C.); (Y.J.); (T.L.); (X.L.); (S.W.)
- Correspondence: (Q.L.); (J.F.)
| | - Daming Chen
- Departamento de Ingeniería Mecánica, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Santiago 9160000, Chile;
| | - Jincheng Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Wide Band Gap Semiconductor Materials and Devices of Education, School of Microelectronics, Xidian University, Xi’an 710071, China; (J.Z.); (Y.H.)
| | - Yue Hao
- Key Laboratory for Wide Band Gap Semiconductor Materials and Devices of Education, School of Microelectronics, Xidian University, Xi’an 710071, China; (J.Z.); (Y.H.)
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11
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Grasseschi D, Bahamon DA, Maia FCB, Barcelos ID, Freitas RO, de Matos CJS. Van der Waals materials as dielectric layers for tailoring the near-field photonic response of surfaces. OPTICS EXPRESS 2022; 30:255-264. [PMID: 35201204 DOI: 10.1364/oe.445066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Epsilon near-zero photonics and surface polariton nanophotonics have become major fields within optics, leading to unusual and enhanced light-matter interaction. Specific dielectric responses are required in both cases, which can be achieved, e.g., via operation near a material's electronic or phononic resonance. However, this condition restricts operation to a specific, narrow frequency range. It has been shown that using a thin dielectric layer can adjust the dielectric response of a surface and, therefore, the operating frequency for achieving specific photonic excitations. Here, we show that a surface's optical properties can be tuned via the deposition/transference of ultra-thin layered van der Waals (vdW) crystals, the thicknesses of which can easily be adjusted to provide the desired response. In particular, we experimentally and theoretically show that the surface phonon resonance of a silica surface can be tuned by ∼50 cm-1 through the simple deposition of nanometer-thick exfoliated flakes of black phosphorus. The surface properties were probed by infrared nanospectroscopy, and results show a close agreement with the theory. The black phosphorus-silica layered structure effectively acts as a surface with a tunable effective dielectric constant that presents an infrared response dependent on the black phosphorus thickness. In contrast, with a lower dielectric constant, hexagonal boron nitride does not significantly tune the silica surface phonon polariton. Our approach also applies to epsilon near-zero surfaces, as theoretically shown, and to polaritonic surfaces operating at other optical ranges.
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12
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Kim SJ, Han HH, Hahn SK. Hyaluronate/black phosphorus complexes as a copper chelating agent for Wilson disease treatment. Biomater Res 2021; 25:20. [PMID: 34134773 PMCID: PMC8207598 DOI: 10.1186/s40824-021-00221-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Wilson disease (WD) is a genetic disorder of copper storage, resulting in pathological accumulation of copper in the body. Because symptoms are generally related to the liver, chelating agents capable of capturing excess copper ions after targeted delivery to the liver are highly required for the treatment of WD. Methods We developed hyaluronate-diaminohexane/black phosphorus (HA-DAH/BP) complexes for capturing copper ions accumulated in the liver for the treatment of WD. Results HA-DAH/BP complexes showed high hepatocyte-specific targeting efficiency, selective copper capturing capacity, excellent biocompatibility, and biodegradability. HA enhanced the stability of BP nanosheets and increased copper binding capacity. In vitro cellular uptake and competitive binding tests verified targeted delivery of HA-DAH/BP complexes to liver cells via HA receptor mediated endocytosis. The cell viability test confirmed the high biocompatibility of HA-DAH/BP complexes. Conclusion HA-DAH/BP complexes would be an efficient copper chelating agent to remove accumulated copper in the liver for the WD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seong-Jong Kim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), 77 Cheongam-ro, Nam-gu, Pohang, Gyeongbuk, 37673, South Korea
| | - Hye Hyeon Han
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), 77 Cheongam-ro, Nam-gu, Pohang, Gyeongbuk, 37673, South Korea
| | - Sei Kwang Hahn
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), 77 Cheongam-ro, Nam-gu, Pohang, Gyeongbuk, 37673, South Korea.
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13
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Hu R, Liao G, Huang Z, Qiao H, Liu H, Shu Y, Wang B, Qi X. Recent advances of monoelemental 2D materials for photocatalytic applications. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 405:124179. [PMID: 33261976 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.124179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Revised: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 10/01/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
As a sustainable environmental governance strategy and energy conversion method, photocatalysis has considered to have great potential in this field due to its excellent optical properties and has become one of the most attractive technologies today. Among 2D materials, the emerging two-dimensional (2D) monoelemental materials mainly distributed in the -IIIA, -IVA, -VA and -VIA groups and show excellent performance in solar energy conversion due to their graphene-like 2D atomic structure and unique properties, thereby drawing increasing attention. This review briefly summarizes the preparation processes and fundamental properties of 2D single-element nanomaterials, as well as various modification strategies and adjustment mechanisms to enhance their photocatalytic properties. In particular, this article comprehensively discusses the related practical applications of 2D single-element materials in the field of photocatalysis, including photocatalytic degradation for contaminants removal, photocatalytic pathogen inactivation, photocatalytic fouling control and photocatalytic energy conversion. This review will provide some new opportunities for the rational design of other excellent photocatalysts based on 2D monoelemental materials, as well as present tremendous novel ideas for 2D monoelemental materials in other environmental conservation and energy-related applications, such as supercapacitors, electrocatalysis, solar cells, and so on.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Hu
- Hunan Key Laboratory for Micro-Nano Energy Materials and Devices, and School of Physics and Optoelectronic, Xiangtan University, Hunan 411105, PR China
| | - GengCheng Liao
- Hunan Key Laboratory for Micro-Nano Energy Materials and Devices, and School of Physics and Optoelectronic, Xiangtan University, Hunan 411105, PR China
| | - Zongyu Huang
- Hunan Key Laboratory for Micro-Nano Energy Materials and Devices, and School of Physics and Optoelectronic, Xiangtan University, Hunan 411105, PR China.
| | - Hui Qiao
- Hunan Key Laboratory for Micro-Nano Energy Materials and Devices, and School of Physics and Optoelectronic, Xiangtan University, Hunan 411105, PR China
| | - Huating Liu
- Hunan Key Laboratory for Micro-Nano Energy Materials and Devices, and School of Physics and Optoelectronic, Xiangtan University, Hunan 411105, PR China
| | - Yiqing Shu
- College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineerin, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, PR China; Faculty of Information Technology Macau University of Science and Technology, Avenida Wai Long, Taipa, Macau 999078, PR China
| | - Bing Wang
- College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineerin, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, PR China.
| | - Xiang Qi
- Hunan Key Laboratory for Micro-Nano Energy Materials and Devices, and School of Physics and Optoelectronic, Xiangtan University, Hunan 411105, PR China.
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14
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Cheng L, Cai Z, Zhao J, Wang F, Lu M, Deng L, Cui W. Black phosphorus-based 2D materials for bone therapy. Bioact Mater 2020; 5:1026-1043. [PMID: 32695934 PMCID: PMC7355388 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2020.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Revised: 05/22/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Since their discovery, Black Phosphorus (BP)-based nanomaterials have received extensive attentions in the fields of electromechanics, optics and biomedicine, due to their remarkable properties and excellent biocompatibility. The most essential feature of BP is that it is composed of a single phosphorus element, which has a high degree of homology with the inorganic components of natural bone, therefore it has a full advantage in the treatment of bone defects. This review will first introduce the source, physicochemical properties, and degradation products of BP, then introduce the remodeling process of bone, and comprehensively summarize the progress of BP-based materials for bone therapy in the form of hydrogels, polymer membranes, microspheres, and three-dimensional (3D) printed scaffolds. Finally, we discuss the challenges and prospects of BP-based implant materials in bone immune regulation and outlook the future clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Cheng
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Prevention and Treatment of Bone and Joint Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Traumatology and Orthopaedics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, PR China
| | - Zhengwei Cai
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Prevention and Treatment of Bone and Joint Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Traumatology and Orthopaedics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, PR China
- Jiaxing Key Laboratory of Basic Research and Clinical Translation on Orthopedic Biomaterials, Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, 1518 North Huancheng Road, Jiaxing 314000, PR China
| | - Jingwen Zhao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Prevention and Treatment of Bone and Joint Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Traumatology and Orthopaedics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, PR China
| | - Fei Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Prevention and Treatment of Bone and Joint Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Traumatology and Orthopaedics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, PR China
| | - Min Lu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Prevention and Treatment of Bone and Joint Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Traumatology and Orthopaedics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, PR China
| | - Lianfu Deng
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Prevention and Treatment of Bone and Joint Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Traumatology and Orthopaedics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, PR China
| | - Wenguo Cui
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Prevention and Treatment of Bone and Joint Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Traumatology and Orthopaedics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, PR China
- Jiaxing Key Laboratory of Basic Research and Clinical Translation on Orthopedic Biomaterials, Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, 1518 North Huancheng Road, Jiaxing 314000, PR China
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15
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Grasseschi D, Silva WC, Souza Paiva RD, Starke LD, do Nascimento AS. Surface coordination chemistry of graphene: Understanding the coordination of single transition metal atoms. Coord Chem Rev 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2020.213469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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16
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Qiu S, Ren X, Zhou X, Zhang T, Song L, Hu Y. Nacre-Inspired Black Phosphorus/Nanofibrillar Cellulose Composite Film with Enhanced Mechanical Properties and Superior Fire Resistance. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:36639-36651. [PMID: 32687704 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c09685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Natural nacre offers an optimized guiding principle for the assembly of lightweight and high-strength nanocomposites with excellent mechanical properties. Inspired by the "brick-and-mortar" layered structure of natural nacre, we present a cohort of bioinspired nanocomposites consisting of nanofibrillar cellulose (NFC) and few-layer hydroxyl functionalized black phosphorus (BP-OH) via a vacuum-assisted filtration self-assembly procedure. Owing to the well dispersed two-dimensional (2D) BP-OH in one-dimensional (1D) NFC and strong interfacial hydrogen bonding between them, these novel nacre-like BP-OHx/NFC composite films show excellent mechanical performance with tensile strength up to 214.0 MPa, 300% increase compared to pure NFC and tensile fracture strain up to 23.8%, 1.8 times higher than that of pure NFC. Moreover, these nacre-like composite films bare good fire resistance and high thermal stability. This nacre-inspired approach demonstrates a promising strategy for designing high-performance BP-OHx/NFC composite film, and the obtained bioinspired material could be a potential candidate in the application of flexible construction materials and flame retarded insulation materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuilai Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Fire Science, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, Anhui 230026, P. R. China
| | - Xiyun Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Fire Science, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, Anhui 230026, P. R. China
| | - Xia Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Fire Science, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, Anhui 230026, P. R. China
| | - Tao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Fire Science, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, Anhui 230026, P. R. China
| | - Lei Song
- State Key Laboratory of Fire Science, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, Anhui 230026, P. R. China
| | - Yuan Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Fire Science, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, Anhui 230026, P. R. China
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17
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Rationally designed functionalized black phosphorus nanosheets as new fire hazard suppression material for polylactic acid. Polym Degrad Stab 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2020.109194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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18
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Xie C, Jiang S, Gao Y, Hong M, Pan S, Zhao J, Zhang Y. Giant Thickness-Tunable Bandgap and Robust Air Stability of 2D Palladium Diselenide. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2020; 16:e2000754. [PMID: 32285616 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202000754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2020] [Revised: 03/11/2020] [Accepted: 03/16/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Uncovering the thickness-dependent electronic property and environmental stability for 2D materials are crucial issues for promoting their applications in high-performance electronic and optoelectronic devices. Herein, the extrahigh air stability and giant tunable electronic bandgap of chemical vapor deposition (CVD)-derived few-layer PdSe2 on Au foils, by using scanning tunneling microscope/spectroscopy (STM/STS), are reported. The robust stability of 2D PdSe2 is uncovered by the observation of nearly defect/adsorption-free atomic lattices on long-time air-exposed samples. A one-to-one correspondence between the electronic bandgap (from ≈1.15 to ≈0 eV) and thickness of PdSe2 /Au (from bilayer to bulk) is established. It is also revealed that few-layer semiconducting PdSe2 flakes present zero-gap edges, induced by hybridization of Pd 4d and Se 4p orbitals. This work hereby provides straightforward evidence for the thickness-tunable electronic property and air stability of 2D semiconductors, thus shedding light on their applications in next-generation electronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunyu Xie
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Shaolong Jiang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Yinlu Gao
- Key Laboratory of Materials Modification by Laser, Ion and Electron Beams, Dalian University of Technology, Ministry of Education, Dalian, 116024, China
| | - Min Hong
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Shuangyuan Pan
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Jijun Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Materials Modification by Laser, Ion and Electron Beams, Dalian University of Technology, Ministry of Education, Dalian, 116024, China
| | - Yanfeng Zhang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
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Lee Y, Lee S, Yoon JY, Cheon J, Jeong HY, Kim K. Fabrication and Imaging of Monolayer Phosphorene with Preferred Edge Configurations via Graphene-Assisted Layer-by-Layer Thinning. NANO LETTERS 2020; 20:559-566. [PMID: 31790269 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.9b04292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Phosphorene, a monolayer of black phosphorus (BP), is an elemental two-dimensional material with interesting physical properties, such as high charge carrier mobility and exotic anisotropic in-plane properties. To fundamentally understand these various physical properties, it is critically important to conduct an atomic-scale structural investigation of phosphorene, particularly regarding various defects and preferred edge configurations. However, it has been challenging to investigate mono- and few-layer phosphorene because of technical difficulties arising in the preparation of a high-quality sample and damages induced during the characterization process. Here, we successfully fabricate high-quality monolayer phosphorene using a controlled thinning process with transmission electron microscopy and subsequently perform atomic-resolution imaging. Graphene protection suppresses the e-beam-induced damage to multilayer BP and one-side graphene protection facilitates the layer-by-layer thinning of the samples, rendering high-quality monolayer and bilayer regions. We also observe the formation of atomic-scale crystalline edges predominantly aligned along the zigzag and (101) terminations, which is originated from edge kinetics under e-beam-induced sputtering process. Our study demonstrates a new method to image and precisely manipulate the thickness and edge configurations of air-sensitive two-dimensional materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangjin Lee
- Department of Physics , Yonsei University , Seoul 03722 , Korea
- Center for Nanomedicine , Institute for Basic Science (IBS) , Seoul 03722 , Korea
| | - Sol Lee
- Department of Physics , Yonsei University , Seoul 03722 , Korea
- Center for Nanomedicine , Institute for Basic Science (IBS) , Seoul 03722 , Korea
| | - Jun-Yeong Yoon
- Department of Physics , Yonsei University , Seoul 03722 , Korea
- Center for Nanomedicine , Institute for Basic Science (IBS) , Seoul 03722 , Korea
| | - Jinwoo Cheon
- Center for Nanomedicine , Institute for Basic Science (IBS) , Seoul 03722 , Korea
- Graduate Program of Nano Biomedical Engineering, Yonsei-IBS Institute , Yonsei University , Seoul 03722 , Korea
- Department of Chemistry , Yonsei University , Seoul 03722 , Korea
| | - Hu Young Jeong
- UNIST Central Research Facilities (UCRF) and School of Materials Science and Engineering , Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST) , Ulsan 44919 , Korea
| | - Kwanpyo Kim
- Department of Physics , Yonsei University , Seoul 03722 , Korea
- Center for Nanomedicine , Institute for Basic Science (IBS) , Seoul 03722 , Korea
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20
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Hyun C, Kim JH, Lee JY, Lee GH, Kim KS. Atomic scale study of black phosphorus degradation. RSC Adv 2019; 10:350-355. [PMID: 35492541 PMCID: PMC9048162 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra08029e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2019] [Accepted: 12/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Black phosphorus (BP) is a promising two-dimensional (2D) material for future electronic devices due to its unique properties of high carrier mobility and large band gap tunability. However, thinner crystalline BP is more readily degraded under ambient conditions. For BP-based electronic devices, degradation of the exfoliated BP is a key issue. However, the nanometer scale study of BP degradation is rare so far. Herein, we report an atomically resolved degradation process of the BP surface using atomic force microscopy under temperature- and humidity-controlled environments. The atomically resolved crystal surface of BP deteriorated due to surface etching after cleavage, and showed monolayer etching. The etching process is accelerated by applying a bias voltage to BP via a conductive tip. After the voltage-assisted BP etching, the BP etching product shows crystalline BP confirmed by Raman spectroscopy and atomic force microscopy. Our atomic scale study of BP will be useful for the future 2D-based electronic devices to overcome conventional silicon-based electronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changbae Hyun
- Department of Physics, Pohang University of Science and Technology Pohang 37673 Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Hun Kim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University Seoul 08826 Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Young Lee
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Yonsei University Seoul 03772 Republic of Korea
| | - Gwan-Hyoung Lee
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University Seoul 08826 Republic of Korea
- Research Institute of Advanced Materials (RIAM), Seoul National University Seoul 08826 Republic of Korea
- Institute of Applied Physics, Seoul National University 08826 Republic of Korea
| | - Kwang S Kim
- Center for Superfunctional Materials, Department of Chemistry, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST) Ulsan 44919 Republic of Korea
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21
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Zhang L, Vasenko AS, Zhao J, Prezhdo OV. Mono-Elemental Properties of 2D Black Phosphorus Ensure Extended Charge Carrier Lifetimes under Oxidation: Time-Domain Ab Initio Analysis. J Phys Chem Lett 2019; 10:1083-1091. [PMID: 30777762 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.9b00042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
An attractive two-dimensional semiconductor with tunable direct bandgap and high carrier mobility, black phosphorus (BP), is used in batteries, solar cells, photocatalysis, plasmonics, and optoelectronics. BP is sensitive to ambient conditions, with oxygen playing a critical role in structure degradation. Our simulations show that BP oxidation slows down charge recombination. This is unexpected, since typically charges are trapped and lost on defects. First, BP has no ionic character. It interacts with oxygen and water weakly, experiencing little perturbation to electronic structure. Second, phosphorus supports different oxidation states and binds extraneous atoms avoiding deep defect levels. Third, soft BP structure can accommodate foreign species without disrupting periodic geometry. Finally, BP phonon scattering on defects shortens quantum coherence and suppresses recombination. Thus, oxidation can be regarded as production of a self-protective layer that improves BP properties. These BP features should be common to other monoelemental 2D materials, stimulating energy and electronics applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili Zhang
- ICQD/Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, and Key Laboratory of Strongly-Coupled Quantum Matter Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, and Department of Physics , University of Science and Technology of China , Hefei , Anhui 230026 , China
- Department of Chemistry , University of Southern California , Los Angeles , California 90089 , United States
| | - Andrey S Vasenko
- National Research University Higher School of Economics , 101000 Moscow , Russia
| | - Jin Zhao
- ICQD/Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, and Key Laboratory of Strongly-Coupled Quantum Matter Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, and Department of Physics , University of Science and Technology of China , Hefei , Anhui 230026 , China
- Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information & Quantum Physics , University of Science and Technology of China , Hefei , Anhui 230026 , China
| | - Oleg V Prezhdo
- Department of Chemistry , University of Southern California , Los Angeles , California 90089 , United States
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22
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Nakhanivej P, Yu X, Park SK, Kim S, Hong JY, Kim HJ, Lee W, Hwang JY, Yang JE, Wolverton C, Kong J, Chhowalla M, Park HS. Revealing molecular-level surface redox sites of controllably oxidized black phosphorus nanosheets. NATURE MATERIALS 2019; 18:156-162. [PMID: 30531848 DOI: 10.1038/s41563-018-0230-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2018] [Accepted: 10/23/2018] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Bulk and two-dimensional black phosphorus are considered to be promising battery materials due to their high theoretical capacities of 2,600 mAh g-1. However, their rate and cycling capabilities are limited by the intrinsic (de-)alloying mechanism. Here, we demonstrate a unique surface redox molecular-level mechanism of P sites on oxidized black phosphorus nanosheets that are strongly coupled with graphene via strong interlayer bonding. These redox-active sites of the oxidized black phosphorus are confined at the amorphorized heterointerface, revealing truly reversible pseudocapacitance (99% of total stored charge at 2,000 mV s-1). Moreover, oxidized black-phosphorus-based electrodes exhibit a capacitance of 478 F g-1 (four times greater than black phosphorus) with a rate capability of ~72% (compared to 21.2% for black phosphorus) and retention of ~91% over 50,000 cycles. In situ spectroelectrochemical and theoretical analyses reveal a reversible change in the surface electronic structure and chemical environment of the surface-exposed P redox sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Puritut Nakhanivej
- School of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Xu Yu
- School of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Sul Ki Park
- School of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Soo Kim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
- Research and Technology Center, Robert Bosch LLC, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Jin-Yong Hong
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Carbon Industry Frontier Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Hae Jin Kim
- Division of Material Science, Korea Basic Science Institute, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Wonki Lee
- Institute of Advanced Composite Materials, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Wanju, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun Yeon Hwang
- Institute of Advanced Composite Materials, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Wanju, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Eun Yang
- Department of Materials Science & Metallurgy, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Chris Wolverton
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - Jing Kong
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Manish Chhowalla
- Department of Materials Science & Metallurgy, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Ho Seok Park
- School of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea.
- SKKU Advanced Institute of Nanotechnology (SAINT), College of Engineering & Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Sciences and Technology (SAIHST), Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea.
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23
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Lu L, Wang M, Zhang D, Zhang H. Establishment of an immunofiltration strip for the detection of 17β-estradiol based on the photothermal effect of black phosphorescence. Analyst 2019; 144:6647-6652. [DOI: 10.1039/c9an01495k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
In this study, a novel immunofiltration strip method with temperature as the readout signal based on the photothermal effect of black phosphorus nanosheets was established. The temperature was monitored by a portable temperature sensor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lixia Lu
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance Biology
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences
- Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety of Shandong Normal University
- College of Life Science
- Shandong Normal University
| | - Minglu Wang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance Biology
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences
- Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety of Shandong Normal University
- College of Life Science
- Shandong Normal University
| | - Dan Zhang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance Biology
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences
- Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety of Shandong Normal University
- College of Life Science
- Shandong Normal University
| | - Hongyan Zhang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance Biology
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences
- Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety of Shandong Normal University
- College of Life Science
- Shandong Normal University
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24
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Kim DK, Chae J, Hong SB, Park H, Jeong KS, Park HW, Kwon SR, Chung KB, Cho MH. Interface engineering for a stable chemical structure of oxidized-black phosphorus via self-reduction in AlO x atomic layer deposition. NANOSCALE 2018; 10:22896-22907. [PMID: 30488924 DOI: 10.1039/c8nr06652c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
We evaluated the change in the chemical structure between dielectrics (AlOx and HfOx) grown by atomic layer deposition (ALD) and oxidized black phosphorus (BP), as a function of air exposure time. Chemical and structural analyses of the oxidized phosphorus species (PxOy) were performed using atomic force microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, first-principles density functional theory calculations, and the electrical characteristics of field-effect transistors (FETs). Based on the combined experiments and theoretical investigations, we clearly show that oxidized phosphorus species (PxOy, until exposed for 24 h) are significantly decreased (self-reduction) during the ALD of AlOx. In particular, the field effect characteristics of a FET device based on Al2O3/AlOx/oxidized BP improved significantly with enhanced electrical properties, a mobility of ∼253 cm2 V-1 s-1 and an on-off ratio of ∼105, compared to those of HfO2/HfOx/oxidized BP with a mobility of ∼97 cm2 V-1 s-1 and an on-off ratio of ∼103-104. These distinct differences result from a significantly decreased interface trap density (Dit ∼ 1011 cm-2 eV-1) and subthreshold gate swing (SS ∼ 270 mV dec-1) in the BP device caused by the formation of stable energy states at the AlOx/oxidized BP interface, even with BP oxidized by air exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dae-Kyoung Kim
- Department of Physics, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea.
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25
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Wang C, Niu D, Wang S, Zhao Y, Tan W, Li L, Huang H, Xie H, Deng Y, Gao Y. Energy Level Evolution and Oxygen Exposure of Fullerene/Black Phosphorus Interface. J Phys Chem Lett 2018; 9:5254-5261. [PMID: 30152237 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.8b02293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The heteroepitaxial growth of fullerene (C60) on single-crystal black phosphorus (BP) has been studied using low-energy electron diffraction, X-ray and ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy, and density functional theory simulation. The occupied orbital features from C60 observed in the photoelectron spectra for C60/BP interface are slightly broadened at higher coverages of C60 and exhibit no direct evidence of hybridization, demonstrating that the C60/BP interaction is physisorption. Oxygen exposure of interface leads to obvious oxidation of BP in which C60 bridges the large electron-transfer barrier from BP to oxygen and plays an important role for the production of O2- and oxidation of BP. Our findings suggest that C60 does not form an ideal protection layer as the other n-type semiconductors. With the assistance of density functional theory calculations, the oxidized phosphorus at the interface prevents further charge transfer from BP to C60.
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Affiliation(s)
- Can Wang
- Hunan Key Laboratory for Super-Microstructure and Ultrafast Process, School of Physics and Electronics , Central South University , Changsha , Hunan 410012 , China
- Light Alloy Research Institute , Central South University , Changsha 410083 , China
| | - Dongmei Niu
- Hunan Key Laboratory for Super-Microstructure and Ultrafast Process, School of Physics and Electronics , Central South University , Changsha , Hunan 410012 , China
| | - Shitan Wang
- Hunan Key Laboratory for Super-Microstructure and Ultrafast Process, School of Physics and Electronics , Central South University , Changsha , Hunan 410012 , China
| | - Yuan Zhao
- Hunan Key Laboratory for Super-Microstructure and Ultrafast Process, School of Physics and Electronics , Central South University , Changsha , Hunan 410012 , China
| | - Wenjun Tan
- Hunan Key Laboratory for Super-Microstructure and Ultrafast Process, School of Physics and Electronics , Central South University , Changsha , Hunan 410012 , China
| | - Lin Li
- Hunan Key Laboratory for Super-Microstructure and Ultrafast Process, School of Physics and Electronics , Central South University , Changsha , Hunan 410012 , China
- School of Electronics and Information Engineering , Central South University of Forestry and Technology , Changsha , Hunan 410004 , China
| | - Han Huang
- Hunan Key Laboratory for Super-Microstructure and Ultrafast Process, School of Physics and Electronics , Central South University , Changsha , Hunan 410012 , China
| | - Haipeng Xie
- Hunan Key Laboratory for Super-Microstructure and Ultrafast Process, School of Physics and Electronics , Central South University , Changsha , Hunan 410012 , China
| | - Yunlai Deng
- Light Alloy Research Institute , Central South University , Changsha 410083 , China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering , Central South University , Changsha 410083 , China
| | - Yongli Gao
- Hunan Key Laboratory for Super-Microstructure and Ultrafast Process, School of Physics and Electronics , Central South University , Changsha , Hunan 410012 , China
- Department of Physics and Astronomy , University of Rochester , Rochester , New York 14627 , United States
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26
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Wu S, He F, Xie G, Bian Z, Luo J, Wen S. Black Phosphorus: Degradation Favors Lubrication. NANO LETTERS 2018; 18:5618-5627. [PMID: 30067373 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.8b02092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Due to its innate instability, the degradation of black phosphorus (BP) with oxygen and moisture was considered the obstacle for its application in ambient conditions. Here, a friction force reduced by about 50% at the degraded area of the BP nanosheets was expressly observed using atomic force microscopy due to the produced phosphorus oxides during degradation. Energy-dispersive spectrometer mapping analyses corroborated the localized concentration of oxygen on the degraded BP flake surface where friction reduction was observed. Water absorption was discovered to be essential for the degraded characteristic as well as the friction reduction behavior of BP sheets. The combination of water molecules as well as the resulting chemical groups (P-OH bonds) that are formed on the oxidized surface may account for the friction reduction of degraded BP flakes. It is indicated that, besides its layered structure, the ambient degradation of BP significantly favors its lubrication behavior.
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27
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Moon S, Kim JH, Kim JH, Kim YS, Shin C. A position-controllable external stage for critical dimension measurements via low-noise atomic force microscopy. Ultramicroscopy 2018; 194:48-56. [PMID: 30071373 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultramic.2018.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2017] [Revised: 06/23/2018] [Accepted: 07/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
An independent external stage for low noise atomic force microscope has been developed for mid-range movements so that it aids in measurements of critical dimensions through the low-noise atomic force microscope. The maximum travel length of the external four-axes stage is 10 mm. For image scanning of the specific target region, the sample needs to be moved through two steps: coarse positioning with the external stage and fine positioning with PI XY piezo scanner. Prior to the CD measurements, we confirmed that the position errors caused by the external stage and tip stage were negligible through the reproducibility experiments. In this study, custom-designed software stored the initial position of the probe and then moved it precisely to the sample location to be measured. Subsequently, the sidewalls of an improved vertical parallel structure were measured and the repeatability and reproducibility of the CD measurements were estimated using a CDR30-EBD tip. Finally, we confirmed that tip wear could be minimized by measuring TGX1 samples with undercut structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seunghyun Moon
- Division of Industrial Metrology, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea; Program in Nano Science and Technology, Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Hwan Kim
- Instrumentation Development Support Team, Korea Basic Science Institute, Daejeon 34133, Republic of Korea
| | - Ju-Hwang Kim
- Advanced Instrumentation Institute, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Youn Sang Kim
- Program in Nano Science and Technology, Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea; Advanced Institutes of Convergence Technology, 864-1 Iui-dong, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon-si, Gyeonggi-do 16229, Republic of Korea
| | - ChaeHo Shin
- Division of Industrial Metrology, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea; Advanced Instrumentation Institute, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea.
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28
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Sun Z, Zhang Y, Yu H, Yan C, Liu Y, Hong S, Tao H, Robertson AW, Wang Z, Pádua AAH. New solvent-stabilized few-layer black phosphorus for antibacterial applications. NANOSCALE 2018; 10:12543-12553. [PMID: 29932193 DOI: 10.1039/c8nr03513j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Discovering highly efficient, environmentally friendly, and low-cost exfoliating media that can both disperse and protect black phosphorus (BP) remains a challenge. Herein, we demonstrate such a new molecule, N,N'-dimethylpropyleneurea (DMPU), for effective exfoliation and dispersion of two-dimensional BP nanosheets. A very high exfoliation efficiency of up to 16% was achieved in DMPU, significantly surpassing other good solvents. Exfoliated flakes are free from structural disorder or oxidation. Nanosheets retain high stability in DMPU even after addition of 25 vol% of common solvents. The solvation shell appears to protect the nanosheets from reacting with water and air, more remarkably than the best solvent N-cyclohexyl-2-pyrrolidone reported so far. Molecular dynamics simulations of the exfoliation process show that DMPU is among the effective solvents, although energetically it does not appear as favorable as some other amides. We also demonstrate that our exfoliated BP nanosheets exhibit excellent antimicrobial activities against both Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus, outperforming other common two-dimensional materials of graphene and MoS2, suggesting promise in biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenyu Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China.
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29
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Lee S, Yoon C, Lee JH, Kim YS, Lee MJ, Kim W, Baik J, Jia Q, Park BH. Enhanced Performance of Field-Effect Transistors Based on Black Phosphorus Channels Reduced by Galvanic Corrosion of Al Overlayers. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2018; 10:18895-18901. [PMID: 29767500 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b04700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Two-dimensional (2D)-layered semiconducting materials with considerable band gaps are emerging as a new class of materials applicable to next-generation devices. Particularly, black phosphorus (BP) is considered to be very promising for next-generation 2D electrical and optical devices because of its high carrier mobility of 200-1000 cm2 V-1 s-1 and large on/off ratio of 104 to 105 in field-effect transistors (FETs). However, its environmental instability in air requires fabrication processes in a glovebox filled with nitrogen or argon gas followed by encapsulation, passivation, and chemical functionalization of BP. Here, we report a new method for reduction of BP-channel devices fabricated without the use of a glovebox by galvanic corrosion of an Al overlayer. The reduction of BP induced by an anodic oxidation of Al overlayer is demonstrated through surface characterization of BP using atomic force microscopy, Raman spectroscopy, and X-ray photoemission spectroscopy along with electrical measurement of a BP-channel FET. After the deposition of an Al overlayer, the FET device shows a significantly enhanced performance, including restoration of ambipolar transport, high carrier mobility of 220 cm2 V-1 s-1, low subthreshold swing of 0.73 V/decade, and low interface trap density of 7.8 × 1011 cm-2 eV-1. These improvements are attributed to both the reduction of the BP channel and the formation of an Al2O3 interfacial layer resulting in a high- k screening effect. Moreover, ambipolar behavior of our BP-channel FET device combined with charge-trap behavior can be utilized for implementing reconfigurable memory and neuromorphic computing applications. Our study offers a simple device fabrication process for BP-channel FETs with high performance using galvanic oxidation of Al overlayers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sangik Lee
- Division of Quantum Phases & Devices, Department of Physics , Konkuk University , Seoul 05029 , Korea
| | - Chansoo Yoon
- Division of Quantum Phases & Devices, Department of Physics , Konkuk University , Seoul 05029 , Korea
| | - Ji Hye Lee
- Division of Quantum Phases & Devices, Department of Physics , Konkuk University , Seoul 05029 , Korea
| | - Yeon Soo Kim
- Division of Quantum Phases & Devices, Department of Physics , Konkuk University , Seoul 05029 , Korea
| | - Mi Jung Lee
- Division of Quantum Phases & Devices, Department of Physics , Konkuk University , Seoul 05029 , Korea
| | - Wondong Kim
- Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science (KRISS) , Daejeon 34113 , Korea
| | - Jaeyoon Baik
- Pohang Accelerator Laboratory , Pohang University of Science and Technology , Pohang 37673 , Korea
| | - Quanxi Jia
- Division of Quantum Phases & Devices, Department of Physics , Konkuk University , Seoul 05029 , Korea
- Department of Materials Design and Innovation , University of Buffalo-The State University of New York , Buffalo , New York 14260 , United States
| | - Bae Ho Park
- Division of Quantum Phases & Devices, Department of Physics , Konkuk University , Seoul 05029 , Korea
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30
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Feng Q, Liu H, Zhu M, Shang J, Liu D, Cui X, Shen D, Kou L, Mao D, Zheng J, Li C, Zhang J, Xu H, Zhao J. Electrostatic Functionalization and Passivation of Water-Exfoliated Few-Layer Black Phosphorus by Poly Dimethyldiallyl Ammonium Chloride and Its Ultrafast Laser Application. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2018; 10:9679-9687. [PMID: 29489321 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b00556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Few-layer black phosphorus (BP) which exhibits excellent optical and electronic properties, has great potential applications in nanodevices. However, BP inevitably suffers from the rapid degradation in ambient air because of the high reactivity of P atoms with oxygen and water, which greatly hinders its wide applications. Herein, we demonstrate the electrostatic functionalization as an effective way to simultaneously enhance the stability and dispersity of aqueous phase exfoliated few-layer BP. The poly dimethyldiallyl ammonium chloride (PDDA) is selected to spontaneously and uniformly adsorb on the surface of few-layer BP via electrostatic interaction. The positive charge-center of the N atom of PDDA, which passivates the lone-pair electrons of P, plays a critical role in stabilizing the BP. Meanwhile, the PDDA could serve as hydrophilic ligands to improve the dispersity of exfoliated BP in water. The thinner PDDA-BP nanosheets can stabilize in both air and water even after 15 days of exposure. Finally, the uniform PDDA-BP-polymer film was used as a saturable absorber to realize passive mode-locking operations in a fiber laser, delivering a train of ultrafast pulses with the duration of 1.2 ps at 1557.8 nm. This work provides a new way to obtain highly stable few-layer BP, which shows great promise in ultrafast optics application.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Dan Liu
- Center for Nanochemistry, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering , Peking University , Beijing 100871 , China
| | | | | | - Liangzhi Kou
- School of Chemistry, Physics and Mechanical Engineering Faculty , Queensland University of Technology , Garden Point Campus , Brisbane , Queensland 4001 , Australia
| | | | | | | | - Jin Zhang
- Center for Nanochemistry, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering , Peking University , Beijing 100871 , China
| | - Hua Xu
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education, Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Advanced Energy Devices, Shaanxi Engineering Lab for Advanced Energy Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering , Shaanxi Normal University , Xi'an 710119 , China
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31
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Favron A, Goudreault FA, Gosselin V, Groulx J, Côté M, Leonelli R, Germain JF, Phaneuf-L'Heureux AL, Francoeur S, Martel R. Second-Order Raman Scattering in Exfoliated Black Phosphorus. NANO LETTERS 2018; 18:1018-1027. [PMID: 29320856 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.7b04486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Second-order Raman scattering has been extensively studied in carbon-based nanomaterials, for example, nanotube and graphene, because it activates normally forbidden Raman modes that are sensitive to crystal disorder, such as defects, dopants, strain, and so forth. The sp2-hybridized carbon systems are, however, the exception among nanomaterials, where first-order Raman processes usually dominate. Here we report the identification of four second-order Raman modes, named D1, D1', D2 and D2', in exfoliated black phosphorus (P(black)), an elemental direct-gap semiconductor exhibiting strong mechanical and electronic anisotropies. Located in close proximity to the Ag1 and Ag2 modes, these new modes dominate at an excitation wavelength of 633 nm. Their evolutions as a function of sample thickness, excitation wavelength, and defect density indicate that they are defect-activated and involve high-momentum phonons in a doubly resonant Raman process. Ab initio simulations of a monolayer reveal that the D' and D modes occur through intravalley scatterings with split contributions in the armchair and zigzag directions, respectively. The high sensitivity of these D modes to disorder helps explaining several discrepancies found in the literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Favron
- Département de Physique and Regroupement Québécois sur les Matériaux de Pointe, Université de Montréal , C. P. 6128, Succursale Centre-Ville, Montréal, Québec H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Félix Antoine Goudreault
- Département de Physique and Regroupement Québécois sur les Matériaux de Pointe, Université de Montréal , C. P. 6128, Succursale Centre-Ville, Montréal, Québec H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Vincent Gosselin
- Département de Physique and Regroupement Québécois sur les Matériaux de Pointe, Université de Montréal , C. P. 6128, Succursale Centre-Ville, Montréal, Québec H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Julien Groulx
- Département de Physique and Regroupement Québécois sur les Matériaux de Pointe, Université de Montréal , C. P. 6128, Succursale Centre-Ville, Montréal, Québec H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Michel Côté
- Département de Physique and Regroupement Québécois sur les Matériaux de Pointe, Université de Montréal , C. P. 6128, Succursale Centre-Ville, Montréal, Québec H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Richard Leonelli
- Département de Physique and Regroupement Québécois sur les Matériaux de Pointe, Université de Montréal , C. P. 6128, Succursale Centre-Ville, Montréal, Québec H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Jean-Francis Germain
- Département de Génie Physique, École Polytechnique de Montréal , C. P. 6079, Succursale Centre-ville, Montréal, Québec H3C 3A7, Canada
| | - Anne-Laurence Phaneuf-L'Heureux
- Département de Génie Physique, École Polytechnique de Montréal , C. P. 6079, Succursale Centre-ville, Montréal, Québec H3C 3A7, Canada
| | - Sébastien Francoeur
- Département de Génie Physique, École Polytechnique de Montréal , C. P. 6079, Succursale Centre-ville, Montréal, Québec H3C 3A7, Canada
| | - Richard Martel
- Département de Chimie and Regroupement Québécois sur les Matériaux de Pointe, Université de Montréal , C. P. 6128, Succursale Centre-Ville, Montréal, Québec H3C 3J7, Canada
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32
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Kwak DH, Ra HS, Yang J, Jeong MH, Lee AY, Lee W, Hwang JY, Lee JH, Lee JS. Recovery Mechanism of Degraded Black Phosphorus Field-Effect Transistors by 1,2-Ethanedithiol Chemistry and Extended Device Stability. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2018; 14:1703194. [PMID: 29211321 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201703194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2017] [Revised: 10/19/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Black phosphorus (BP) has drawn enormous attention for both intriguing material characteristics and electronic and optoelectronic applications. In spite of excellent advantages for semiconductor device applications, the performance of BP devices is hampered by the formation of phosphorus oxide on the BP surface under ambient conditions. It is thus necessary to resolve the oxygen-induced degradation on the surface of BP to recover the characteristics and stability of the devices. To solve this problem, it is demonstrated that a 1,2-ethanedithiol (EDT) treatment is a simple and effective way to remove the bubbles formed on the BP surface. The device characteristics of the degraded BP field-effect transistor (FET) are completely recovered to the level of the pristine cases by the EDT treatment. The underlying principle of bubble elimination on the BP surface by the EDT treatment is systematically analyzed by density functional theory calculation, atomic force microscopy, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis. In addition, the performance of the hexagonal boron nitride-protected BP FET is completely retained without changing device characteristics even when exposed to 30 d or more in air. The EDT-induced recovering effect will allow a new route for the optimization of electronic and optoelectronic devices based on BP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Do-Hyun Kwak
- Department of Energy Science and Engineering, DGIST, Daegu, 42988, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Soo Ra
- Department of Energy Science and Engineering, DGIST, Daegu, 42988, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinhoon Yang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, GIST, Gwangju, 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Hye Jeong
- Department of Energy Science and Engineering, DGIST, Daegu, 42988, Republic of Korea
| | - A-Young Lee
- Department of Energy Science and Engineering, DGIST, Daegu, 42988, Republic of Korea
| | - Wonki Lee
- Institute of Advanced Composite Materials, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, 92 Chudong-ro, Bongdong-eup, Wanju-gun, Jeonbuk, 55324, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun Yeon Hwang
- Institute of Advanced Composite Materials, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, 92 Chudong-ro, Bongdong-eup, Wanju-gun, Jeonbuk, 55324, Republic of Korea
| | - Joo-Hyoung Lee
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, GIST, Gwangju, 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Soo Lee
- Department of Energy Science and Engineering, DGIST, Daegu, 42988, Republic of Korea
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33
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Chen W, Ouyang J, Yi X, Xu Y, Niu C, Zhang W, Wang L, Sheng J, Deng L, Liu YN, Guo S. Black Phosphorus Nanosheets as a Neuroprotective Nanomedicine for Neurodegenerative Disorder Therapy. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2018; 30:1703458. [PMID: 29194780 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201703458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 198] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2017] [Revised: 09/15/2017] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Transition-metal dyshomeostasis is recognized as a critical pathogenic factor at the onset and progression of neurodegenerative disorder (ND). Excess transition-metal ions such as Cu2+ can catalyze the generation of cytotoxic reactive oxygen species and thereafter induce neuronal cell apoptosis. Exploring new chelating agents, which are not only capable of capturing excess redox-active metal, but can also cross the blood-brain barrier (BBB), are highly desired for ND therapy. Herein, it is demonstrated that 2D black phosphorus (BP) nanosheets can capture Cu2+ efficiently and selectively to protect neuronal cells from Cu2+ -induced neurotoxicity. Moreover, both in vitro and in vivo studies show that the BBB permeability of BP nanosheets is significantly improved under near-infrared laser irradiation due to their strong photothermal effect, which overcomes the drawback of conventional chelating agents. Furthermore, the excellent biocompatibility and stability guarantee the biosafety of BP in future clinical applications. Therefore, these features make BP nanosheets have the great potential to work as an efficient neuroprotective nanodrug for ND therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wansong Chen
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410083, China
- State Key Laboratory for Powder Metallurgy, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410083, China
| | - Jiang Ouyang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410083, China
| | - Xinyao Yi
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410083, China
| | - Yan Xu
- Department of Ultrasound Diagnosis, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China
| | - Chengcheng Niu
- Department of Ultrasound Diagnosis, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China
| | - Weiyu Zhang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, and BIC-ESAT, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Liqiang Wang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410083, China
| | - Jianping Sheng
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410083, China
| | - Liu Deng
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410083, China
| | - You-Nian Liu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410083, China
- State Key Laboratory for Powder Metallurgy, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410083, China
| | - Shaojun Guo
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, and BIC-ESAT, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
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34
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Sun C, Wang Y, Jiang Y, Yang ZD, Zhang G, Hu Y. Tunable transport and optoelectronic properties of monolayer black phosphorus by grafting PdCl2 quantum dots. RSC Adv 2018; 8:35226-35236. [PMID: 35547085 PMCID: PMC9087322 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra07053a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2018] [Accepted: 10/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The electronic, transport, and optoelectronic properties of monolayer black phosphorus (MLBP) are much influenced by grafting PdCl2 groups, demonstrated here by using density functional theory (DFT) and non-equilibrium Green's function (NEGF) as well as the Keldysh Nonequilibrium Green's Functions (KNEGF) methods. We find that the PdCl2 groups prefer to locate over the furrow site of MLBP and form a planar quadridentate structure of . The PdCl2 groups serve as quantum dots by introducing discrete flat levels between the MLBP valence band and the Fermi level (Ef). The conductivity is much lowered after attaching PdCl2 quantum dots, due to the fact that the scattering effect of PdCl2 plays a major role in the process of electron transporting. A threshold voltage is found for the functionalized system with a large density of PdCl2 quantum dots, a valuable clue for exploring current switches. However, no evident threshold voltage is found for the pure MLBP. Electrons permeate easier through the armchair direction compared with the zigzag either in the pure MLBP or in the functionalized composites. More importantly, grafting PdCl2 quantum dots is very beneficial for enhancing photoresponse. The values of photoresponse for the modified species are about 20 times higher than the free MLBP. A significant photoresponse anisotropy is observed for both MLBP and nPdCl2-BP (n = 1, 2, and 4), contrary to the conductivity, the zigzag direction shows much stronger photoresponse than the armchair. All of the aforementioned unique properties make these new two-dimensional (2D) MLBP based materials especially attractive for both electronic and optoelectronic devices. The photoelectric properties of the coordination functionalized monolayer black phosphorus by PdCl2 quantum dots are revealed for the first time.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Cuicui Sun
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- College of Chemical and Environmental Engineering
- Harbin University of Science and Technology
- Harbin 150080
- China
| | - Yuxiu Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- College of Chemical and Environmental Engineering
- Harbin University of Science and Technology
- Harbin 150080
- China
| | - Yingjie Jiang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- College of Chemical and Environmental Engineering
- Harbin University of Science and Technology
- Harbin 150080
- China
| | - Zhao-Di Yang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- College of Chemical and Environmental Engineering
- Harbin University of Science and Technology
- Harbin 150080
- China
| | - Guiling Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- College of Chemical and Environmental Engineering
- Harbin University of Science and Technology
- Harbin 150080
- China
| | - Yangyang Hu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- College of Chemical and Environmental Engineering
- Harbin University of Science and Technology
- Harbin 150080
- China
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35
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Tang X, Liang W, Zhao J, Li Z, Qiu M, Fan T, Luo CS, Zhou Y, Li Y, Guo Z, Fan D, Zhang H. Fluorinated Phosphorene: Electrochemical Synthesis, Atomistic Fluorination, and Enhanced Stability. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2017; 13:1702739. [PMID: 29094457 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201702739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2017] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Phosphorene has attracted great interest due to its unique electronic and optoelectronic properties owing to its tunable direct and moderate band-gap in association with high carrier mobility. However, its intrinsic instability in air seriously hinders its practical applications, and problems of technical complexity and in-process degradation exist in currently proposed stabilization strategies. A facile pathway in obtaining and stabilizing phosphorene through a one-step, ionic liquid-assisted electrochemical exfoliation and synchronous fluorination process is reported in this study. This strategy enables fluorinated phosphorene (FP) to be discovered and large-scale, highly selective few-layer FP (3-6 atomic layers) to be obtained. The synthesized FP is found to exhibit unique morphological and optical characteristics. Possible atomistic fluorination configurations of FP are revealed by core-level binding energy shift calculations in combination with spectroscopic measurements, and the results indicate that electrolyte concentration significantly modulates the fluorination configurations. Furthermore, FP is found to exhibit enhanced air stability thanks to the antioxidation and antihydration effects of the introduced fluorine adatoms, and demonstrate excellent photothermal stability during a week of air exposure. These findings pave the way toward real applications of phosphorene-based nanophotonics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xian Tang
- Shenzhen Engineering Laboratory of Phosphorene and Optoelectronics, Collaborative Innovation Center for Optoelectronic Science and Technology and Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China
| | - Weiyuan Liang
- Shenzhen Engineering Laboratory of Phosphorene and Optoelectronics, Collaborative Innovation Center for Optoelectronic Science and Technology and Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China
| | - Jinlai Zhao
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China
| | - Zhongjun Li
- Shenzhen Engineering Laboratory of Phosphorene and Optoelectronics, Collaborative Innovation Center for Optoelectronic Science and Technology and Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China
| | - Meng Qiu
- Shenzhen Engineering Laboratory of Phosphorene and Optoelectronics, Collaborative Innovation Center for Optoelectronic Science and Technology and Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China
| | - Taojian Fan
- Shenzhen Engineering Laboratory of Phosphorene and Optoelectronics, Collaborative Innovation Center for Optoelectronic Science and Technology and Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China
| | - Crystal Shaojuan Luo
- Shenzhen Engineering Laboratory of Phosphorene and Optoelectronics, Collaborative Innovation Center for Optoelectronic Science and Technology and Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China
| | - Ye Zhou
- Institute for Advanced Study, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China
| | - Yu Li
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China
| | - Zhinan Guo
- Shenzhen Engineering Laboratory of Phosphorene and Optoelectronics, Collaborative Innovation Center for Optoelectronic Science and Technology and Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China
| | - Dianyuan Fan
- Shenzhen Engineering Laboratory of Phosphorene and Optoelectronics, Collaborative Innovation Center for Optoelectronic Science and Technology and Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China
| | - Han Zhang
- Shenzhen Engineering Laboratory of Phosphorene and Optoelectronics, Collaborative Innovation Center for Optoelectronic Science and Technology and Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China
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36
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Robbins MC, Namgung S, Oh SH, Koester SJ. Cyclical Thinning of Black Phosphorus with High Spatial Resolution for Heterostructure Devices. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2017; 9:12654-12662. [PMID: 28286947 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.6b14477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
A high spatial resolution, cyclical thinning method for realizing black phosphorus (BP) heterostructures is reported. This process utilizes a cyclic technique involving BP surface oxidation and vacuum annealing to create BP flakes as thin as 1.6 nm. The process also utilizes a spatially patternable mask created by evaporating Al that oxidizes to form Al2O3, which stabilizes the unetched BP regions and enables the formation of lateral heterostructures with spatial resolution as small as 150 nm. This thinning/patterning technique has also been used to create the first-ever lateral heterostructure BP metal oxide semiconductor field-effect transistor (MOSFET), in which half of a BP flake was thinned in order to increase its band gap. This heterostructure MOSFET showed an ON/OFF current ratio improvement of 1000× compared to homojunction MOSFETs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew C Robbins
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Minnesota-Twin Cities , 200 Union Street SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Seon Namgung
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Minnesota-Twin Cities , 200 Union Street SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Sang-Hyun Oh
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Minnesota-Twin Cities , 200 Union Street SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Steven J Koester
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Minnesota-Twin Cities , 200 Union Street SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
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37
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Kuntz KL, Wells RA, Hu J, Yang T, Dong B, Guo H, Woomer AH, Druffel DL, Alabanza A, Tománek D, Warren SC. Control of Surface and Edge Oxidation on Phosphorene. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2017; 9:9126-9135. [PMID: 28218508 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.6b16111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Phosphorene is emerging as an important two-dimensional semiconductor, but controlling the surface chemistry of phosphorene remains a significant challenge. Here, we show that controlled oxidation of phosphorene determines the composition and spatial distribution of the resulting oxide. We used X-ray photoemission spectroscopy to measure the binding energy shifts that accompany oxidation. We interpreted these spectra by calculating the binding energy shift for 24 likely bonding configurations, including phosphorus oxides and hydroxides located on the basal surface or edges of flakes. After brief exposure to high-purity oxygen or high-purity water vapor at room temperature, we observed phosphorus in the +1 and +2 oxidation states; longer exposures led to a large population of phosphorus in the +3 oxidation state. To provide insight into the spatial distribution of the oxide, transmission electron microscopy was performed at several stages during the oxidation. We found crucial differences between oxygen and water oxidants: while pure oxygen produced an oxide layer on the van der Waals surface, water oxidized the material at pre-existing defects such as edges or steps. We propose a mechanism based on the thermodynamics of electron transfer to interpret these observations. This work opens a route to functionalize the basal surface or edges of two-dimensional (2D) black phosphorus through site-selective chemical reactions and presents the opportunity to explore the synthesis of 2D phosphorene oxide by oxidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaci L Kuntz
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Rebekah A Wells
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Jun Hu
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Teng Yang
- Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Shenyang 110016, P.R. China
| | - Baojuan Dong
- Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Shenyang 110016, P.R. China
| | - Huaihong Guo
- College of Sciences, Liaoning Shihua University , Fushun 113001, P.R. China
| | - Adam H Woomer
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Daniel L Druffel
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Anginelle Alabanza
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - David Tománek
- Physics and Astronomy Department, Michigan State University , East Lansing, Michigan 48824, United States
| | - Scott C Warren
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
- Department of Applied Physical Sciences, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
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