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Yan S, Liu Q, Wen Z, Liang B, Liu Z, Xing J, Li J, Zhang M, Liu X, Wang C, Xing D. An AIE-active Janus filter membrane for highly efficient detection and elimination of bioaerosols. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2025; 492:138116. [PMID: 40174455 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2025.138116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2024] [Revised: 03/16/2025] [Accepted: 03/30/2025] [Indexed: 04/04/2025]
Abstract
Highly efficient detection and sterilization techniques for bioaerosol prevention and control are urgently needed. Herein, we present an AIE-active Janus air filter membrane (AIE-HAFM) that features water-dissolvable micro-nano porous network architecture and aggregation-induced emission (AIE) activity constructed by the asymmetrical surface modification with an amphiphilic AIE photosensitizer (MeOTTVP). The all-round AIE-HAFM can not only provide low pressure drop and high interception efficiency for bioaerosol sampling but also perfectly inherit the AIE functions of MeOTTVP, which allows for intensive near-infrared (NIR) emission and efficient production of reactive oxygen species. The airborne pathogens can be effectively captured, collected, transferred, and released by AIE-HAFM for subsequent quantitative detection with colony counting and ATP bioluminescence, as well as stained by the incorporated MeOTTVP for NIR fluorescence imaging-guided visual detection. Meanwhile, AIE-HAFM enables on-demand and surface-dependent photodynamic effects for reliable bacterial eradication under white light irradiation due to the surface-concentrated MeOTTVP, consequently achieving the smart prevention and control of bioaerosols both in the simulated and real-world bioaerosol environment. The versatility of AIE-HAFM in handling diverse airborne pathogens may bring about a transformative solution to address the bioaerosol contamination problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saisai Yan
- Qingdao Cancer Institute, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China.
| | - Qing Liu
- Qingdao Cancer Institute, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Zishu Wen
- Qingdao Cancer Institute, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Bing Liang
- Qingdao Cancer Institute, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Zhanjie Liu
- Qingdao Haier Biomedical Co., Ltd., Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Jiyao Xing
- Qingdao Cancer Institute, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Jiyixuan Li
- Qingdao Cancer Institute, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Miao Zhang
- Qingdao Cancer Institute, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Xinlin Liu
- Qingdao Cancer Institute, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Chao Wang
- Qingdao Cancer Institute, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Dongming Xing
- Qingdao Cancer Institute, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China; School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
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2
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Yan S, Liu Q, Liang B, Zhang M, Chen W, Zhang D, Wang C, Xing D. Airborne microbes: sampling, detection, and inactivation. Crit Rev Biotechnol 2025; 45:556-590. [PMID: 39128871 DOI: 10.1080/07388551.2024.2377191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Revised: 06/05/2024] [Accepted: 06/08/2024] [Indexed: 08/13/2024]
Abstract
The human living environment serves as a habitat for microorganisms and the presence of ubiquitous airborne microbes significantly impacts the natural material cycle. Through ongoing experimentation with beneficial microorganisms, humans have greatly benefited from airborne microbes. However, airborne pathogens endanger human health and have the potential to induce fatal diseases. Tracking airborne microbes is a critical prerequisite for a better understanding of bioaerosols, harnessing their potential advantages, and mitigating associated risks. Although technological breakthroughs have enabled significant advancements in accurately monitoring airborne pathogens, many puzzles about these microbes remain unanswered due to their high variability and environmental diffusibility. Consequently, advanced techniques and strategies for special identification, early warning, and efficient eradication of microbial contamination are continuously being sought. This review presents a comprehensive overview of the research status of airborne microbes, concentrating on the recent advances and challenges in sampling, detection, and inactivation. Particularly, the fundamental design principles for the collection and timely detection of airborne pathogens are described in detail, as well as critical factors for eliminating microbial contamination and enhancing indoor air quality. In addition, future research directions and perspectives for controlling airborne microbes are also suggested to promote the translation of basic research into real products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saisai Yan
- Qingdao Cancer Institute, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Qing Liu
- Qingdao Cancer Institute, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Bing Liang
- Qingdao Cancer Institute, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Miao Zhang
- Qingdao Cancer Institute, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Wujun Chen
- Qingdao Cancer Institute, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Daijun Zhang
- Qingdao Cancer Institute, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Chao Wang
- Qingdao Cancer Institute, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Dongming Xing
- Qingdao Cancer Institute, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
- School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
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3
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Shi X, Pu H, Shi LL, He TC, Chen J. Advancing transistor-based point-of-care (POC) biosensors: additive manufacturing technologies and device integration strategies for real-life sensing. NANOSCALE 2025; 17:9804-9833. [PMID: 40171618 DOI: 10.1039/d4nr04441j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/04/2025]
Abstract
Infectious pathogens pose a significant threat to public health and healthcare systems, making the development of a point-of-care (POC) detection platform for their early identification a key focus in recent decades. Among the numerous biosensors developed over the years, transistor-based biosensors, particularly those incorporating nanomaterials, have emerged as promising candidates for POC detection, given their unique electronic characteristics, compact size, broad dynamic range, and real-time biological detection capabilities with limits of detection (LODs) down to zeptomolar levels. However, the translation of laboratory-based biosensors into practical applications faces two primary challenges: the cost-effective and scalable fabrication of high-quality transistor sensors and functional device integration. This review is structured into two main parts. The first part examines recent advancements in additive manufacturing technologies-namely in screen printing, inkjet printing, aerosol jet printing, and digital light processing-and evaluates their applications in the mass production of transistor-based biosensors. While additive manufacturing offers significant advantages, such as high quality, cost-effectiveness, rapid prototyping, less instrument reliance, less material waste, and adaptability to diverse surfaces, challenges related to uniformity and yield remain to be addressed before these technologies can be widely adopted for large-scale production. The second part focuses on various functional integration strategies to enhance the practical applicability of these biosensors, which is essential for their successful translation from laboratory research to commercialization. Specifically, it provides a comprehensive review of current miniaturized lab-on-a-chip systems, microfluidic manipulation, simultaneous sampling and detection, wearable implementation, and integration with the Internet of Things (IoT).
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoao Shi
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Physical Sciences and Engineering Directorate, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, USA.
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
| | - Haihui Pu
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Physical Sciences and Engineering Directorate, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, USA.
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
| | - Lewis L Shi
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
| | - Tong-Chuan He
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
| | - Junhong Chen
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Physical Sciences and Engineering Directorate, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, USA.
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
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Han J, Kim S, Kang D, Lee SH, Cho AY, Lee H, Kwon JH, Shin Y, Kim YP, Lee J. Near-Infrared Long-Lived Luminescent Nanoparticle-Based Time-Gated Imaging for Background-Free Detection of Avian Influenza Virus. ACS Sens 2025; 10:1312-1320. [PMID: 39953996 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.4c03202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2025]
Abstract
Near-infrared (NIR)-to-NIR upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs) are promising materials for biomedical imaging and sensing applications. However, UCNPs with long lifetimes continue to face the limitation that they are usually accompanied by weak luminescence intensity, resulting in difficulties in achieving high-resolution and sensitive time-gated imaging. To overcome this limitation, we have developed NIR long-lifetime luminescent nanoparticles (NLL NPs) with strong 800 nm emission by adding a photosensitizing shell and with a prolonged lifetime by lowering the activator concentration. NLL NP-based time-gated imaging overcomes the inherent limitations of steady-state imaging by providing higher signal-to-noise ratios and more robust signal intensities. When integrated into a lateral flow immunoassay (LFA) for the detection of avian influenza viruses, NLL NP-based time-gated imaging demonstrates a 32-fold lower limit of detection compared to conventional optimal 800 nm emitting nanoparticles. Furthermore, the high accuracy of the NLL NP-based LFA is confirmed through clinical validations using 65 samples, achieving a sensitivity and specificity of 100% and an area under the curve of 1.000. These results demonstrate the potential of NLL NP-based time-gated imaging as a powerful tool for the highly sensitive and accurate detection of avian influenza viruses in complex clinical samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiwoo Han
- Department of Chemistry, Research Institute for Convergence of Basic Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Suyeon Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Research Institute for Convergence of Basic Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Dongkyu Kang
- Department of Chemistry, Research Institute for Convergence of Basic Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun-Hak Lee
- Avian Disease Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdongro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 143-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Andrew Y Cho
- Avian Disease Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdongro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 143-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Heesu Lee
- Avian Disease Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdongro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 143-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Hoon Kwon
- Laboratory of Veterinary Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University, 80 Daehak-ro, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Shin
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Pil Kim
- Department of Life Science, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Joonseok Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Research Institute for Convergence of Basic Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea
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5
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Lee J, Park C, Jang J. Improved measurement of airborne viruses using a two-stage highly virus-enriching electrostatic particle concentrator with electric-field-enhancing wire electrodes. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 479:135747. [PMID: 39243544 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.135747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2024] [Revised: 09/02/2024] [Accepted: 09/03/2024] [Indexed: 09/09/2024]
Abstract
High enrichment of airborne viruses during sampling is critical for their rapid measurement and requires a high sampling flow rate (or velocity), small collection areas, and high collection efficiency; however, high collection efficiency can rarely be achieved at high flow velocities and in small collection areas in electrostatic sampling. Herein, we present improved measurement of airborne viruses using a two-stage highly virus-enriching electrostatic particle concentrator (HEPC) with wire electrodes and high values of the-inlet-velocity-to-collection-electrode-width ratio. This sampler was evaluated using MS2 viruses and 0.05-2.0 µm diameter polystyrene latex particles at 20 liters/min. Computer simulations and experiments agreed well, showing that the wire electrodes increased collection efficiency (by up to 37 % than the without-wire-electrodes case) without high viability losses through local electric field enhancement for high-flow-velocity regions over the collection electrode and minimization of local corona discharge. The relative infectious virus concentrations of the HEPC were 41-70 times higher than those of the BioSampler. Airborne influenza A viruses at field-level concentrations (1.8 × 105 and 2.6 × 104 copies/m3) were also detected at 10-min sampling due to the high enrichment capability of HEPC. The HEPC has strong potential as a rapid airborne virus monitoring system in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaegil Lee
- Sensors and Aerosols Laboratory, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Chanhwi Park
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, UNIST, Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaesung Jang
- Sensors and Aerosols Laboratory, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea; Department of Biomedical Engineering, UNIST, Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea; Department of Civil, Urban, Earth, and Environmental Engineering, UNIST, Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea.
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6
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Li B, Lin B, Wang Y, Shi Y, Zeng W, Zhao Y, Gu Y, Liu C, Gao H, Cheng H, Zheng X, Xiang G, Wang G, Liu P. Multi-scenario surveillance of respiratory viruses in aerosols with sub-single-copy spatial resolution. Nat Commun 2024; 15:8770. [PMID: 39384836 PMCID: PMC11464689 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-53059-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 09/26/2024] [Indexed: 10/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Highly sensitive airborne virus monitoring is critical for preventing and containing epidemics. However, the detection of airborne viruses at ultra-low concentrations remains challenging due to the lack of ultra-sensitive methods and easy-to-deployment equipment. Here, we present an integrated microfluidic cartridge that can accurately detect SARS-COV-2, Influenza A, B, and respiratory syncytial virus with a sensitivity of 10 copies/mL. When integrated with a high-flow aerosol sampler, our microdevice can achieve a sub-single-copy spatial resolution of 0.83 copies/m3 for airborne virus surveillance with an air flow rate of 400 L/min and a sampling time of 30 minutes. We then designed a series of virus-in-aerosols monitoring systems (RIAMs), including versions of a multi-site sampling RIAMs (M-RIAMs), a stationary real-time RIAMs (S-RIAMs), and a roaming real-time RIAMs (R-RIAMs) for different application scenarios. Using M-RIAMs, we performed a comprehensive evaluation of 210 environmental samples from COVID-19 patient wards, including 30 aerosol samples. The highest positive detection rate of aerosol samples (60%) proved the aerosol-based SARS-CoV-2 monitoring represents an effective method for spatial risk assessment. The detection of 78 aerosol samples in real-world settings via S-RIAMs confirmed its reliability for ultra-sensitive and continuous airborne virus monitoring. Therefore, RIAMs shows the potential as an effective solution for mitigating the risk of airborne virus transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bao Li
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
- Changping Laboratory, Beijing, China
| | - Baobao Lin
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Ye Shi
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang, China
| | - Wu Zeng
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
- Changping Laboratory, Beijing, China
| | | | - Yin Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Space Medicine, China Astronaut Research and Training Center, Beijing, China
| | - Chang Liu
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Hui Gao
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Hao Cheng
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoqun Zheng
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang, China
| | - Guangxin Xiang
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Guiqiang Wang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China.
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Peking University International Hospital, Beijing, China.
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Hepatitis C and Immunotherapy for Liver Diseases, Beijing, China.
| | - Peng Liu
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.
- Changping Laboratory, Beijing, China.
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7
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Yan S, Liu Q, Liu Z, Liu R, Xing K, Zhang M, Zhang X, Xu J, Jia Q, Gao W, Liu X, Xing D. Gel-confined fabrication of fully bio-based filtration membrane for green capture and rapid detection of airborne microbes. J Colloid Interface Sci 2024; 670:417-427. [PMID: 38772258 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2024.05.105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2024] [Revised: 05/10/2024] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/23/2024]
Abstract
Air filtration has become a desirable route for collecting airborne microbes. However, the potential biotoxicity and sterilization of current air filtration membranes often lead to undesired inactivation of captured microbes, which greatly limits microbial non-traumatic transfer and recovery. Herein, we report a gel-confined phase separation strategy to rationally fabricate a fully bio-based filtration membrane (SGFM) using soluble soybean polysaccharide and gelatin. The versatile SGFM features fascinating honeycomb micro-nano architecture and hierarchical interconnected porous structures for microbial capture, and achieves a lower pressure drop, higher interception efficiency (99.3%), and superior microbial survivability than commercial gelatin filtration membranes. Particularly, the water-dissolvable SGFM can greatly simplify the elution and extraction process after bioaerosol sampling, thereby bringing about maximum sample transfer and vigorous recovery of collected microbes. Meanwhile, green capture coupled with ATP bioluminescence endows the SGFM with rapid and quantitative detection capability for airborne microbes. This work may pave the way for designing green protocols for the detection of bioaerosols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saisai Yan
- Qingdao Cancer Institute, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China.
| | - Qing Liu
- Qingdao Cancer Institute, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Zhanjie Liu
- Qingdao Haier Biomedical Co., Ltd., Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Rundong Liu
- Qingdao Haier Biomedical Co., Ltd., Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Kunyue Xing
- University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Miao Zhang
- Qingdao Cancer Institute, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Xinyi Zhang
- Qingdao Cancer Institute, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Junlin Xu
- Qingdao Cancer Institute, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Qiuzhi Jia
- Qingdao Haier Biomedical Co., Ltd., Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Wensheng Gao
- Qingdao Haier Biomedical Co., Ltd., Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Xinlin Liu
- Qingdao Cancer Institute, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China.
| | - Dongming Xing
- Qingdao Cancer Institute, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China; School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
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8
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Yan S, Liu Q, Xing K, Liu Z, Guo H, Jiang W, Ma X, Yan M, Wang C, Liu X, Xing D. Versatile filter membrane for effective sampling and real-time quantitative detection of airborne pathogens. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 474:134740. [PMID: 38805821 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.134740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2024] [Revised: 05/03/2024] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024]
Abstract
Construction of air filter membranes bearing prominent collecting and transferring capability is highly desirable for detecting airborne pathogens but remains challenging. Here, a hyaluronic acid air filter membrane (HAFM) with tunable heterogeneous micro-nano porous structures is straightforwardly constructed through the ethanol-induced phase separation strategy. Airborne pathogens can be trapped and collected by HAFM with high performance due to the ideal trade-off between removal efficiency and pressure drop. By exempting the sample elution and extraction processes, the HAFM after filtration sampling can not only directly disperse on the agar plate for colony culture but also turn to an aqueous solution for centrifugal enrichment, which significantly reduces the damage and losses of the captured microorganisms. The following combination with ATP bioluminescence endows the HAFM with a real-time quantitative detection function for the captured airborne pathogens. Benefiting from high-efficiency sampling and non-traumatic transfer of airborne pathogens, the real-world bioaerosol concentration can be facilely evaluated by the HAFM-based ATP assay. This work thus not only provides a feasible strategy to fabricate air filter membranes for efficient microbial collection and enrichment but also sheds light on designing advanced protocols for real-time detection of bioaerosols in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saisai Yan
- Cancer Institute, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China.
| | - Qing Liu
- Cancer Institute, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Kunyue Xing
- University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Zhanjie Liu
- Qingdao Haier Biomedical Co.,Ltd., Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Han Guo
- Cancer Institute, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Wenhao Jiang
- Cancer Institute, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Xinyue Ma
- Cancer Institute, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Mingzhe Yan
- Cancer Institute, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Chao Wang
- Cancer Institute, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Xinlin Liu
- Cancer Institute, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China.
| | - Dongming Xing
- Cancer Institute, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China; School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
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9
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Khachornsakkul K, Zeng W, Sonkusale S. Distance-based paper analytical devices integrated with molecular imprinted polymers for Escherichia coli quantification. Mikrochim Acta 2024; 191:253. [PMID: 38592400 DOI: 10.1007/s00604-024-06332-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2024] [Accepted: 03/24/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
The development of distance-based paper analytical devices (dPADs) integrated with molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) to monitor Escherichia coli (E. coli) levels in food samples is presented. The fluidic workflow on the device is controlled using a designed hydrophilic bridge valve. Dopamine serves as a monomer for the formation of the E. coli-selective MIP layer on the dPADs. The detection principle relies on the inhibition of the E. coli toward copper (II) (Cu2+)-triggered oxidation of o-phenylenediamine (OPD) on the paper substrate. Quantitative detection is simply determined through visual observation of the residual yellow color of the OPD in the detection zone, which is proportional to E. coli concentration. The sensing exhibits a linear range from 25.0 to 1200.0 CFU mL-1 (R2 = 0.9992) and a detection limit (LOD) of 25.0 CFU mL-1 for E. coli detection. Additionally, the technique is highly selective with no interference even from the molecules that have shown to react with OPD to form oxidized OPD. The developed device demonstrates accuracy and precision for E. coli quantification in food samples with recovery percentages between 98.3 and 104.7% and the highest relative standard deviation (RSD) of 4.55%. T-test validation shows no significant difference in E. coli concentration measured between our method and a commercial assay. The proposed dPAD sensor has the potential for selective and affordable E. coli determination in food samples without requiring sample preparation. Furthermore, this strategy can be extended to monitor other molecules for which MIP can be developed and integrated into paper-microfluidic platform.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kawin Khachornsakkul
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, MA, 02155, USA.
- Nano Lab, Tufts University, Medford, MA, 02155, USA.
| | - Wenxin Zeng
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, MA, 02155, USA
- Nano Lab, Tufts University, Medford, MA, 02155, USA
| | - Sameer Sonkusale
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, MA, 02155, USA.
- Nano Lab, Tufts University, Medford, MA, 02155, USA.
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10
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Liu Y, Deng G, Liu H, Chen P, Pan Y, Chen L, Chen H, Zhang G. Seasonal variations of airborne microbial diversity in waste transfer stations and preventive effect on Streptococcus pneumoniae induced pulmonary inflammation. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 912:168888. [PMID: 38030004 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.168888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Revised: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
Environment, location, and season are important factors that influence the microbiological community, yet, little research on airborne microorganisms in waste transfer stations (WTSs). Here, the airborne bacterial and fungal communities at four WTSs during different seasons were analyzed by high-throughput sequencing. The bacteria were isolated by cultural method and screened bacterium alleviate inflammation induced by Streptococcus pneumoniae (Spn) by regulating gut microbiome. The results revealed that collected bioaerosols from the WTSs varied significantly by location and season. Proteobacteria and Pseudomonadota are prevalent in summer and winter, respectively. Ascomycota was predominant in two seasons. Hazard quotients for adults from four WTSs were below one. Three selected potential probiotics were formulated into a microbial preparation with a carrier that effectively prevented inflammation in bacterial and animal experiments. The expression levels of interleukin-1β, interleukin-6, and tumor necrosis factor-α in Pre group (0.11, 0.17, and 0.48-fold) were significantly lower than Spn group (2.75, 1.71, and 5.01-fold). These mechanisms are associated with changes in gut microbiota composition and short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) levels, such as affecting Lachnospiraceae lachnospira abundance and acetic acid content. This study provides insights into the potential application of probiotics derived from WTSs as an alternative approach to preventing respiratory infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqi Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Guanhua Deng
- Key Laboratory of Occupational Environment and Health, Guangzhou Twelfth People's Hospital, Guangzhou 510620, China
| | - Huanhuan Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Pei Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China; Nansha District Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou 511455, China
| | - Yimin Pan
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China; Liwan District Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou 510176, China
| | - Lingyun Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Huashan Chen
- Guoke (Foshan) Testing and Certification Co., Ltd, Foshan 528299, China
| | - Guoxia Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China.
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11
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Zhou X, Liu X, Zhao H, Guo G, Jiang X, Liu S, Sun X, Yang H. Research advances in microfluidic collection and detection of virus, bacterial, and fungal bioaerosols. Mikrochim Acta 2024; 191:132. [PMID: 38351367 DOI: 10.1007/s00604-024-06213-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/14/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
Bioaerosols are airborne suspensions of fine solid or liquid particles containing biological substances such as viruses, bacteria, cellular debris, fungal spores, mycelium, and byproducts of microbial metabolism. The global Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic and the previous emergence of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS), Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS), and influenza have increased the need for reliable and effective monitoring tools for bioaerosols. Bioaerosol collection and detection have aroused considerable attention. Current bioaerosol sampling and detection techniques suffer from long response time, low sensitivity, and high costs, and these drawbacks have forced the development of novel monitoring strategies. Microfluidic technique is considered a breakthrough for high performance analysis of bioaerosols. In recent years, several emerging methods based on microfluidics have been developed and reported for collection and detection of bioaerosols. The unique advantages of microfluidic technique have enabled the integration of bioaerosol collection and detection, which has a higher efficiency over conventional methods. This review focused on the research progress of bioaerosol collection and detection methods based on microfluidic techniques, with special attention on virus aerosols and bacterial aerosols. Different from the existing reviews, this work took a unique perspective of the targets to be collected and detected in bioaerosols, which would provide a direct index of bioaerosol categories readers may be interested in. We also discussed integrated microfluidic monitoring system for bioaerosols. Additionally, the application of bioaerosol detection in biomedicine was presented. Finally, the current challenges in the field of bioaerosol monitoring are presented and an outlook given of future developments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyue Zhou
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Fourth Hospital of China Medical University, No. 4, Chongshan East Road, Huanggu District, Shenyang, 110032, Liaoning, China
| | - Xin Liu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Fourth Hospital of China Medical University, No. 4, Chongshan East Road, Huanggu District, Shenyang, 110032, Liaoning, China
| | - Haiyang Zhao
- Teaching Center for Basic Medical Experiment, China Medical University, No.77, Puhe Road, Shenyang, 110122, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Guanqi Guo
- Teaching Center for Basic Medical Experiment, China Medical University, No.77, Puhe Road, Shenyang, 110122, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Xiran Jiang
- School of Intelligent Medicine, China Medical University, No.77, Puhe Road, Shenyang, 110122, Liaoning Province, China.
| | - Shuo Liu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Fourth Hospital of China Medical University, No. 4, Chongshan East Road, Huanggu District, Shenyang, 110032, Liaoning, China.
| | - Xiaoting Sun
- School of Forensic Medicine, China Medical University, No.77, Puhe Road, Shenyang, 110122, Liaoning Province, China.
| | - Huazhe Yang
- School of Intelligent Medicine, China Medical University, No.77, Puhe Road, Shenyang, 110122, Liaoning Province, China.
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12
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Qiu G, Zhang X, deMello AJ, Yao M, Cao J, Wang J. On-site airborne pathogen detection for infection risk mitigation. Chem Soc Rev 2023; 52:8531-8579. [PMID: 37882143 PMCID: PMC10712221 DOI: 10.1039/d3cs00417a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023]
Abstract
Human-infecting pathogens that transmit through the air pose a significant threat to public health. As a prominent instance, the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) that caused the COVID-19 pandemic has affected the world in an unprecedented manner over the past few years. Despite the dissipating pandemic gloom, the lessons we have learned in dealing with pathogen-laden aerosols should be thoroughly reviewed because the airborne transmission risk may have been grossly underestimated. From a bioanalytical chemistry perspective, on-site airborne pathogen detection can be an effective non-pharmaceutic intervention (NPI) strategy, with on-site airborne pathogen detection and early-stage infection risk evaluation reducing the spread of disease and enabling life-saving decisions to be made. In light of this, we summarize the recent advances in highly efficient pathogen-laden aerosol sampling approaches, bioanalytical sensing technologies, and the prospects for airborne pathogen exposure measurement and evidence-based transmission interventions. We also discuss open challenges facing general bioaerosols detection, such as handling complex aerosol samples, improving sensitivity for airborne pathogen quantification, and establishing a risk assessment system with high spatiotemporal resolution for mitigating airborne transmission risks. This review provides a multidisciplinary outlook for future opportunities to improve the on-site airborne pathogen detection techniques, thereby enhancing the preparedness for more on-site bioaerosols measurement scenarios, such as monitoring high-risk pathogens on airplanes, weaponized pathogen aerosols, influenza variants at the workplace, and pollutant correlated with sick building syndromes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangyu Qiu
- Institute of Medical Robotics, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China.
- Institute of Environmental Engineering, ETH Zürich, Zürich 8093, Switzerland
- Laboratory for Advanced Analytical Technologies, Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Dübendorf 8600, Switzerland
| | - Xiaole Zhang
- Institute of Environmental Engineering, ETH Zürich, Zürich 8093, Switzerland
- Laboratory for Advanced Analytical Technologies, Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Dübendorf 8600, Switzerland
| | - Andrew J deMello
- Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg1, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Maosheng Yao
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, China
| | - Junji Cao
- Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Science, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Institute of Environmental Engineering, ETH Zürich, Zürich 8093, Switzerland
- Laboratory for Advanced Analytical Technologies, Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Dübendorf 8600, Switzerland
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13
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Khachornsakkul K, Del-Rio-Ruiz R, Creasey H, Widmer G, Sonkusale SR. Gold Nanomaterial-Based Microfluidic Paper Analytical Device for Simultaneous Quantification of Gram-Negative Bacteria and Nitrite Ions in Water Samples. ACS Sens 2023; 8:4364-4373. [PMID: 37997658 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.3c01769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
This study presents a rapid microfluidic paper-based analytical device (μPAD) capable of simultaneously monitoring Gram-negative bacteria and nitrite ions (NO2-) for water quality monitoring. We utilize gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) functionalized with polymyxin molecules (AuNPs@polymyxin) to cause color change due to aggregation for the detection of Gram-negative bacteria, and antiaggregation in the presence of o-phenylenediamine (OPD) for NO2- detection. In this study, Escherichia coli (E. coli) serves as the model of a Gram-negative bacterium. Using the developed μPADs, the color changes resulting from aggregation and antiaggregation reactions are measured using a smartphone application. The linear detection ranges from 5.0 × 102 to 5.0 × 105 CFU/mL (R2 = 0.9961) for E. coli and 0.20 to 2.0 μmol/L (R2 = 0.995) for NO2-. The detection limits were determined as 2.0 × 102 CFU/mL for E. coli and 0.18 μmol/L for NO2-. Notably, the newly developed assay exhibited high selectivity with no interference from Gram-positive bacteria. Additionally, we obtained acceptable recovery for monitoring E. coli and NO2- in drinking water samples with no significant difference between our method and a commercial assay by t test validation. The sensor was also employed for assessing the quality of the pond and environmental water source. Notably, this approach can also be applied to human urine samples with satisfactory accuracy. Furthermore, the assay's stability is extended due to its reliance on AuNPs rather than reagents like antibodies and enzymes, reducing costs and ensuring long-term viability. Our cost-effective μPADs therefore provide a real-time analysis of both contaminants, making them suitable for assessing water quality in resource-limited settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kawin Khachornsakkul
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts 02155, United States
- Nano Lab, Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts 02155, United States
| | - Ruben Del-Rio-Ruiz
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts 02155, United States
- Nano Lab, Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts 02155, United States
| | - Hannah Creasey
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Global Health, Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine, Tufts University, North Grafton, Massachusetts 01536, United States
| | - Giovanni Widmer
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Global Health, Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine, Tufts University, North Grafton, Massachusetts 01536, United States
| | - Sameer R Sonkusale
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts 02155, United States
- Nano Lab, Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts 02155, United States
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14
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Hu Z, Tian X, Lai R, Ji C, Li X. Airborne transmission of common swine viruses. Porcine Health Manag 2023; 9:50. [PMID: 37908005 PMCID: PMC10619269 DOI: 10.1186/s40813-023-00346-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The transmission of viral aerosols poses a vulnerable aspect in the biosecurity measures aimed at preventing and controlling swine virus in pig production. Consequently, comprehending and mitigating the spread of aerosols holds paramount significance for the overall well-being of pig populations. This paper offers a comprehensive review of transmission characteristics, influential factors and preventive strategies of common swine viral aerosols. Firstly, certain viruses such as foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV), porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV), influenza A viruses (IAV), porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) and pseudorabies virus (PRV) have the potential to be transmitted over long distances (exceeding 150 m) through aerosols, thereby posing a substantial risk primarily to inter-farm transmission. Additionally, other viruses like classical swine fever virus (CSFV) and African swine fever virus (ASFV) can be transmitted over short distances (ranging from 0 to 150 m) through aerosols, posing a threat primarily to intra-farm transmission. Secondly, various significant factors, including aerosol particle sizes, viral strains, the host sensitivity to viruses, weather conditions, geographical conditions, as well as environmental conditions, exert a considerable influence on the transmission of viral aerosols. Researches on these factors serve as a foundation for the development of strategies to combat viral aerosol transmission in pig farms. Finally, we propose several preventive and control strategies that can be implemented in pig farms, primarily encompassing the implementation of early warning models, viral aerosol detection, and air pretreatment. This comprehensive review aims to provide a valuable reference for the formulation of efficient measures targeted at mitigating the transmission of viral aerosols among swine populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiqiang Hu
- Shandong Engineering Laboratory of Pig and Poultry Healthy Breeding and Disease Diagnosis Technology, Xiajin New Hope Liuhe Agriculture and Animal Husbandry Co., Ltd, Xiajin Economic Development Zone, Qingwo Venture Park, Dezhou, 253200, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China
- Shandong New Hope Liuhe Co., Ltd, No. 592-26 Jiushui East Road Laoshan District, Qingdao, 266100, Shandong, People's Republic of China
- Shandong New Hope Liuhe Agriculture and Animal Husbandry Technology Co., Ltd (NHLH Academy of Swine Research), 6596 Dongfanghong East Road, Yuanqiao Town, Dezhou, 253000, Shandong, People's Republic of China
- China Agriculture Research System-Yangling Comprehensive Test Station, Intersection of Changqing Road and Park Road 1, Yangling District, Xianyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaogang Tian
- Shandong Engineering Laboratory of Pig and Poultry Healthy Breeding and Disease Diagnosis Technology, Xiajin New Hope Liuhe Agriculture and Animal Husbandry Co., Ltd, Xiajin Economic Development Zone, Qingwo Venture Park, Dezhou, 253200, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China
- Shandong New Hope Liuhe Co., Ltd, No. 592-26 Jiushui East Road Laoshan District, Qingdao, 266100, Shandong, People's Republic of China
- Shandong New Hope Liuhe Agriculture and Animal Husbandry Technology Co., Ltd (NHLH Academy of Swine Research), 6596 Dongfanghong East Road, Yuanqiao Town, Dezhou, 253000, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Ranran Lai
- Shandong Engineering Laboratory of Pig and Poultry Healthy Breeding and Disease Diagnosis Technology, Xiajin New Hope Liuhe Agriculture and Animal Husbandry Co., Ltd, Xiajin Economic Development Zone, Qingwo Venture Park, Dezhou, 253200, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China
- Shandong New Hope Liuhe Co., Ltd, No. 592-26 Jiushui East Road Laoshan District, Qingdao, 266100, Shandong, People's Republic of China
- Shandong New Hope Liuhe Agriculture and Animal Husbandry Technology Co., Ltd (NHLH Academy of Swine Research), 6596 Dongfanghong East Road, Yuanqiao Town, Dezhou, 253000, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Chongxing Ji
- Key Laboratory of Feed and Livestock and Poultry Products Quality and Safety Control, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, New Hope Liuhe Co., Ltd, 316 Jinshi Road, Chengdu, 610100, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
- Shandong New Hope Liuhe Co., Ltd, No. 592-26 Jiushui East Road Laoshan District, Qingdao, 266100, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaowen Li
- Shandong Engineering Laboratory of Pig and Poultry Healthy Breeding and Disease Diagnosis Technology, Xiajin New Hope Liuhe Agriculture and Animal Husbandry Co., Ltd, Xiajin Economic Development Zone, Qingwo Venture Park, Dezhou, 253200, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China.
- Key Laboratory of Feed and Livestock and Poultry Products Quality and Safety Control, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, New Hope Liuhe Co., Ltd, 316 Jinshi Road, Chengdu, 610100, Sichuan, People's Republic of China.
- Shandong New Hope Liuhe Co., Ltd, No. 592-26 Jiushui East Road Laoshan District, Qingdao, 266100, Shandong, People's Republic of China.
- Shandong New Hope Liuhe Agriculture and Animal Husbandry Technology Co., Ltd (NHLH Academy of Swine Research), 6596 Dongfanghong East Road, Yuanqiao Town, Dezhou, 253000, Shandong, People's Republic of China.
- China Agriculture Research System-Yangling Comprehensive Test Station, Intersection of Changqing Road and Park Road 1, Yangling District, Xianyang, People's Republic of China.
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15
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Lee D, Jang J, Jang J. Sensitive and highly rapid electrochemical measurement of airborne coronaviruses through condensation-based direct impaction onto carbon nanotube-coated porous paper working electrodes. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2023; 458:131972. [PMID: 37399725 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.131972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2023] [Revised: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/05/2023]
Abstract
Rapid detection of indoor airborne viruses is critical to prevent the spread of respiratory diseases. Herein, we present sensitive, highly rapid electrochemical measurement of airborne coronaviruses through condensation-based direct impaction onto antibody-immobilized, carbon nanotube-coated porous paper working electrodes (PWEs). Carboxylated carbon nanotubes are drop-cast on paper fibers to make three-dimensional (3D) porous PWEs. These PWEs have higher active surface area-to-volume ratios and electron transfer characteristics than conventional screen-printed electrodes. The limit of detection and detection time of the PWEs for liquid-borne coronaviruses OC43 are 65.7 plaque-forming units (PFU)/mL and 2 min, respectively. The PWEs showed sensitive and rapid detection of whole coronaviruses, which can be ascribed to the 3D porous electrode structure of the PWEs. Moreover, water molecules condense on airborne virus particles during air sampling, and these water-encapsulated virus particles (<4 µm) are impacted on the PWE for direct measurement without virus lysis and elution. The whole detection takes ∼10 min, including air sampling, at virus concentrations of 1.8 and 11.5 PFU/L of air, which can be due to the highly enriching and minimally damaging virus capture on a soft and porous PWE, demonstrating the potential for the rapid and low-cost airborne virus monitoring system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daesoon Lee
- Sensors and Aerosols Laboratory, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Junbeom Jang
- Sensors and Aerosols Laboratory, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaesung Jang
- Sensors and Aerosols Laboratory, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea; Department of Biomedical Engineering & Department of Urban and Environmental Engineering, UNIST, Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea.
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16
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Seok Y, Mauk MG, Li R, Qian C. Trends of respiratory virus detection in point-of-care testing: A review. Anal Chim Acta 2023; 1264:341283. [PMID: 37230728 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2023.341283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Revised: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
In resource-limited conditions such as the COVID-19 pandemic, on-site detection of diseases using the Point-of-care testing (POCT) technique is becoming a key factor in overcoming crises and saving lives. For practical POCT in the field, affordable, sensitive, and rapid medical testing should be performed on simple and portable platforms, instead of laboratory facilities. In this review, we introduce recent approaches to the detection of respiratory virus targets, analysis trends, and prospects. Respiratory viruses occur everywhere and are one of the most common and widely spreading infectious diseases in the human global society. Seasonal influenza, avian influenza, coronavirus, and COVID-19 are examples of such diseases. On-site detection and POCT for respiratory viruses are state-of-the-art technologies in this field and are commercially valuable global healthcare topics. Cutting-edge POCT techniques have focused on the detection of respiratory viruses for early diagnosis, prevention, and monitoring to protect against the spread of COVID-19. In particular, we highlight the application of sensing techniques to each platform to reveal the challenges of the development stage. Recent POCT approaches have been summarized in terms of principle, sensitivity, analysis time, and convenience for field applications. Based on the analysis of current states, we also suggest the remaining challenges and prospects for the use of the POCT technique for respiratory virus detection to improve our protection ability and prevent the next pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youngung Seok
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, Republic of Korea; Department of Mechanical Engineering and Applied Mechanics, School of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Pennsylvania, 216 Towne Building, 220 S. 33rd Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
| | - Michael G Mauk
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Applied Mechanics, School of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Pennsylvania, 216 Towne Building, 220 S. 33rd Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Ruijie Li
- Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 29 Zhongguancun East Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Cheng Qian
- Key Laboratory for Food Microbial Technology of Zhejiang Province, College of Food Science and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310018, China
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17
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Bhardwaj J, Ngo ND, Lee J, Jang J. High enrichment and near real-time quantification of airborne viruses using a wet-paper-based electrochemical immunosensor under an electrostatic field. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2023; 442:130006. [PMID: 36162308 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.130006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Revised: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Conventional airborne virus measurement usually requires appreciable sampling and detection times. Viral aerosols should also be collected or prepared in a liquid medium whose volume typically ranges from milliliters to tens of milliliters; hence, many sampling and detection steps need to be taken with the unit horizontal or immobile. Moreover, viral aerosols need to be sufficiently enriched, which makes real-time monitoring difficult. Herein, we present a near real-time enrichment and quantification system of airborne viruses that consists of a wet-paper-based electrochemical immunosensor with a gel electrolyte and a modified electrostatic particle concentrator. A small amount of phosphate-buffered saline flowed on the electrode, which resulted in sensor electrodes that are barely wet (covered in a thin buffer film measuring several micrometers) to ensure antigen-antibody interaction and the removal of non-target particles on the electrode surface. This system ensures that airborne viruses are highly enriched on the working electrode of the immunosensor, and it is possible to measure the MS2 virus particle concentrations every 10 min for 60 min stably and selectively against non-target airborne viruses and bacteria at horizontal and tilted measurement configurations. This system thus has the potential to be used in the real-time mobile monitoring of airborne microorganisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jyoti Bhardwaj
- Sensors and Aerosols Laboratory, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, the Republic of Korea
| | - Nhan Dinh Ngo
- Sensors and Aerosols Laboratory, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, the Republic of Korea
| | - Jaegil Lee
- Sensors and Aerosols Laboratory, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, the Republic of Korea
| | - Jaesung Jang
- Sensors and Aerosols Laboratory, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, the Republic of Korea; Department of Biomedical Engineering & Department of Urban and Environmental Engineering, UNIST, Ulsan 44919, the Republic of Korea.
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18
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Lee I, Jeon E, Lee J. On-site bioaerosol sampling and detection in microfluidic platforms. Trends Analyt Chem 2023; 158:116880. [PMID: 36514783 PMCID: PMC9731818 DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2022.116880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Revised: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
As the recent coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic and several severe illnesses such as Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV), Influenza A virus (IAV) flu, and severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) have been found to be airborne, the importance of monitoring bioaerosols for the control and prevention of airborne epidemic diseases outbreaks is increasing. However, current aerosol collection and detection technologies may be limited to on-field use for real-time monitoring because of the relatively low concentrations of targeted bioaerosols in air samples. Microfluidic devices have been used as lab-on-a-chip platforms and exhibit outstanding capabilities in airborne particulate collection, sample processing, and target molecule analysis, thereby highlighting their potential for on-site bioaerosol monitoring. This review discusses the measurement of airborne microorganisms from air samples, including sources and transmission of bioaerosols, sampling strategies, and analytical methodologies. Recent advancements in microfluidic platforms have focused on bioaerosol sample preparation strategies, such as sorting, concentrating, and extracting, as well as rapid and field-deployable detection methods for analytes on microfluidic chips. Furthermore, we discuss an integrated platform for on-site bioaerosol analyses. We believe that our review significantly contributes to the literature as it assists in bridging the knowledge gaps in bioaerosol monitoring using microfluidic platforms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inae Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763, South Korea
- Research Institute for Convergence of Basic Sciences, Hanyang University, 222 Wangsimni-Ro, Seongdong-Gu, Seoul, 04763, South Korea
| | - Eunyoung Jeon
- Department of Chemistry, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763, South Korea
| | - Joonseok Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763, South Korea
- Research Institute for Convergence of Basic Sciences, Hanyang University, 222 Wangsimni-Ro, Seongdong-Gu, Seoul, 04763, South Korea
- Research Institute for Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763, South Korea
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19
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Luo Y, Zhang Y, Liu T, Yu A, Wu Y, Ozcan A. Virtual Impactor-Based Label-Free Pollen Detection using Holography and Deep Learning. ACS Sens 2022; 7:3885-3894. [PMID: 36414385 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.2c01890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Exposure to bio-aerosols such as pollen can lead to adverse health effects. There is a need for a portable and cost-effective device for long-term monitoring and quantification of various types of pollen. To address this need, we present a mobile and cost-effective label-free sensor that takes holographic images of flowing particulate matter (PM) concentrated by a virtual impactor, which selectively slows down and guides particles larger than 6 μm to fly through an imaging window. The flowing particles are illuminated by a pulsed laser diode, casting their inline holograms on a complementary metal-oxide semiconductor image sensor in a lens-free mobile imaging device. The illumination contains three short pulses with a negligible shift of the flowing particle within one pulse, and triplicate holograms of the same particle are recorded at a single frame before it exits the imaging field-of-view, revealing different perspectives of each particle. The particles within the virtual impactor are localized through a differential detection scheme, and a deep neural network classifies the pollen type in a label-free manner based on the acquired holographic images. We demonstrated the success of this mobile pollen detector with a virtual impactor using different types of pollen (i.e., bermuda, elm, oak, pine, sycamore, and wheat) and achieved a blind classification accuracy of 92.91%. This mobile and cost-effective device weighs ∼700 g and can be used for label-free sensing and quantification of various bio-aerosols over extended periods since it is based on a cartridge-free virtual impactor that does not capture or immobilize PM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Luo
- Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States.,Bioengineering Department, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States.,California Nano Systems Institute (CNSI), University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Yijie Zhang
- Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States.,Bioengineering Department, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States.,California Nano Systems Institute (CNSI), University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Tairan Liu
- Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States.,Bioengineering Department, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States.,California Nano Systems Institute (CNSI), University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Alan Yu
- Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States.,Computer Science Department, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Yichen Wu
- Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States.,Bioengineering Department, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States.,California Nano Systems Institute (CNSI), University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Aydogan Ozcan
- Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States.,Bioengineering Department, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States.,California Nano Systems Institute (CNSI), University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
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20
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Zhang R, Wang P, Chang Y, Liu M. Total Bioaerosol Detection by Split Aptamer-Based Electrochemical Nanosensor Chips. Anal Chem 2022; 94:16752-16758. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.2c03460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rui Zhang
- School of Environmental Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (Ministry of Education), Dalian POCT Laboratory, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Pu Wang
- School of Environmental Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (Ministry of Education), Dalian POCT Laboratory, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Yangyang Chang
- School of Environmental Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (Ministry of Education), Dalian POCT Laboratory, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Meng Liu
- School of Environmental Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (Ministry of Education), Dalian POCT Laboratory, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
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21
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Hubbard LR, Allen CJ, Sims AC, Engbrecht KM, O’Hara MJ, Johnson JC, Morrison SS. Detection of SARS-COV-2 by functionally imprinted micelles. MRS COMMUNICATIONS 2022; 12:1160-1167. [PMID: 36311275 PMCID: PMC9592882 DOI: 10.1557/s43579-022-00242-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The near real-time detection of airborne particles-of-interest is needed for avoiding current/future threats. The incorporation of imprinted particles into a micelle-based electrochemical cell produced a signal when brought into contact with particle analytes (such as SARS-COV-2), previously imprinted onto the structure. Nanoamp scales of signals were generated from what may've been individual virus-micelle interactions. The system showed selectivity when tested against similar size and morphology particles. The technology was compatible with airborne aerosol sampling techniques. Overall, the application of imprinted micelle technology could provide near real-time detection methods to a host of possible analytes of interest in the field. Graphical abstract Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1557/s43579-022-00242-0.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lance R. Hubbard
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington, DC USA
| | - Caleb J. Allen
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington, DC USA
| | - Amy C. Sims
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington, DC USA
| | | | | | - Jared C. Johnson
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington, DC USA
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22
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Breshears LE, Nguyen BT, Mata Robles S, Wu L, Yoon JY. Biosensor detection of airborne respiratory viruses such as SARS-CoV-2. SLAS Technol 2022; 27:4-17. [PMID: 35058206 PMCID: PMC8720388 DOI: 10.1016/j.slast.2021.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Airborne SARS-CoV-2 transmission represents a significant route for possible human infection that is not yet fully understood. Viruses in droplets and aerosols are difficult to detect because they are typically present in low amounts. In addition, the current techniques used, such as RT-PCR and virus culturing, require large amounts of time to get results. Biosensor technology can provide rapid, handheld, and point-of-care systems that can identify virus presence quickly and accurately. This paper reviews the background of airborne virus transmission and the characteristics of SARS-CoV-2, its relative risk for transmission even at distances greater than the currently suggested 6 feet (or 2 m) physical distancing. Publications on biosensor technology that may be applied to the detection of airborne SARS-CoV-2 and other respiratory viruses are also summarized. Based on the current research we believe that there is a pressing need for continued research into handheld and rapid methods for sensitive collection and detection of airborne viruses. We propose a paper-based microfluidic chip and immunofluorescence assay as one method that could be investigated as a low-cost and portable option.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lane E Breshears
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, United States
| | - Brandon T Nguyen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, United States
| | - Samantha Mata Robles
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, United States
| | - Lillian Wu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, United States
| | - Jeong-Yeol Yoon
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, United States.
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23
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Ma J, Jiang G, Ma Q, Wang H, Du M, Wang C, Xie X, Li T, Chen S. Rapid detection of airborne protein from Mycobacterium tuberculosis using a biosensor detection system. Analyst 2022; 147:614-624. [DOI: 10.1039/d1an02104d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The developed biosensor detection system can complete the detection of air samples by collecting exhaled breath condensate, greatly reducing the time to diagnose tuberculosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinbiao Ma
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, PR China
- Tianjin Key Lab of Indoor Air Environmental Quality Control, Tianjin, 300072, PR China
| | - Guanyu Jiang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, PR China
- Tianjin Key Lab of Indoor Air Environmental Quality Control, Tianjin, 300072, PR China
| | - Qingqing Ma
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Shandong Public Health Clinical Center (Shandong Province Chest Hospital), Jinan, 250013, PR China
| | - Hao Wang
- Institute of Medical Support Technology, Academy of Military Science, Tianjin, 300161, PR China
- School of Electronic Information and Automation, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, 300222, PR China
| | - Manman Du
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, PR China
- Tianjin Key Lab of Indoor Air Environmental Quality Control, Tianjin, 300072, PR China
| | - Can Wang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, PR China
- Tianjin Key Lab of Indoor Air Environmental Quality Control, Tianjin, 300072, PR China
| | - Xinwu Xie
- Institute of Medical Support Technology, Academy of Military Science, Tianjin, 300161, PR China
- National Bio-Protection Engineering Center, Tianjin, 300161, PR China
| | - Tie Li
- Science and Technology on Micro-System Laboratory, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200050, PR China
- State Key Laboratories of Transducer Technology, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200050, PR China
| | - Shixing Chen
- Science and Technology on Micro-System Laboratory, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200050, PR China
- State Key Laboratories of Transducer Technology, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200050, PR China
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24
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Bhardwaj J, Hong S, Jang J, Han CH, Lee J, Jang J. Recent advancements in the measurement of pathogenic airborne viruses. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 420:126574. [PMID: 34252679 PMCID: PMC8256664 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.126574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2021] [Revised: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 07/02/2021] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Air-transmissible pathogenic viruses, such as influenza viruses and coronaviruses, are some of the most fatal strains and spread rapidly by air, necessitating quick and stable measurements from sample air volumes to prevent further spread of diseases and to take appropriate steps rapidly. Measurements of airborne viruses generally require their collection into liquids or onto solid surfaces, with subsequent hydrosolization and then analysis using the growth method, nucleic-acid-based techniques, or immunoassays. Measurements can also be performed in real time without sampling, where species-specific determination is generally disabled. In this review, we introduce some recent advancements in the measurement of pathogenic airborne viruses. Air sampling and measurement technologies for viral aerosols are reviewed, with special focus on the effects of air sampling on damage to the sampled viruses and their measurements. Measurement of pathogenic airborne viruses is an interdisciplinary research area that requires understanding of both aerosol technology and biotechnology to effectively address the issues. Hence, this review is expected to provide some useful guidelines regarding appropriate air sampling and virus detection methods for particular applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jyoti Bhardwaj
- Sensors and Aerosols Laboratory, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Junbeom Jang
- Sensors and Aerosols Laboratory, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang-Ho Han
- Sensors and Aerosols Laboratory, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaegil Lee
- Sensors and Aerosols Laboratory, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaesung Jang
- Sensors and Aerosols Laboratory, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea; Department of Biomedical Engineering & Department of Urban and Environmental Engineering, UNIST, Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea.
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25
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Paper-Based Airborne Bacteria Collection and DNA Extraction Kit. BIOSENSORS-BASEL 2021; 11:bios11100375. [PMID: 34677331 PMCID: PMC8533686 DOI: 10.3390/bios11100375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Revised: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The critical risk from airborne infectious diseases, bio-weapons, and harmful bacteria is currently the highest it has ever been in human history. The requirement for monitoring airborne pathogens has gradually increased to defend against bioterrorism or prevent pandemics, especially via simple and low-cost platforms which can be applied in resource-limited settings. Here, we developed a paper-based airborne bacteria collection and DNA extraction kit suitable for simple application with minimal instruments. Airborne sample collection and DNA extraction for PCR analysis were integrated in the paper kit. We created an easy-to-use paper-based air monitoring system using 3D printing technology combined with an air pump. The operation time of the entire process, comprising air sampling, bacterial cell lysis, purification and concentration of DNA, and elution of the DNA analyte, was within 20 min. All the investigations and optimum settings were tested in a custom-designed closed cabinet system. In the fabricated cabinet system, the paper kit operated effectively at a temperature of 25–35 °C and 30–70% relative humidity for air containing 10–106 CFU Staphylococcus aureus. This paper kit could be applied for simple, rapid, and cost-effective airborne pathogen monitoring.
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26
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Xue Q, Kan X, Pan Z, Li Z, Pan W, Zhou F, Duan X. An intelligent face mask integrated with high density conductive nanowire array for directly exhaled coronavirus aerosols screening. Biosens Bioelectron 2021; 186:113286. [PMID: 33990035 PMCID: PMC8091738 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2021.113286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Revised: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The current ongoing outbreak of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) has globally affected the lives of more than one hundred million people. RT-PCR based molecular test is recommended as the gold standard method for diagnosing current infections. However, transportation and processing of the clinical sample for detecting virus require an expert operator and long processing time. Testing device enables on-site virus detection could reduce the sample-to-answer time, which plays a central role in containing the pandemic. In this work, we proposed an intelligent face mask, where a flexible immunosensor based on high density conductive nanowire array, a miniaturized impedance circuit, and wireless communication units were embedded. The sub-100 nm size and the gap between the neighbored nanowires facilitate the locking of nanoscale virus particles by the nanowire arrays and greatly improve the detection efficiency. Such a point-of-care (POC) system was demonstrated for coronavirus 'spike' protein and whole virus aerosol detection in simulated human breath. Detection of viral concentration as low as 7 pfu/mL from the atomized sample of coronavirus aerosol mimic was achieved in only 5 min. The POC systems can be readily applied for preliminary screening of coronavirus infections on-site and may help to understand the COVID-19 progression while a patient is under prescribed therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiannan Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measuring Technology & Instruments, School of Precision Instruments and Optoelec-tronics Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Xinyuan Kan
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measuring Technology & Instruments, School of Precision Instruments and Optoelec-tronics Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Zhihao Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measuring Technology & Instruments, School of Precision Instruments and Optoelec-tronics Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Zheyu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measuring Technology & Instruments, School of Precision Instruments and Optoelec-tronics Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Wenwei Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measuring Technology & Instruments, School of Precision Instruments and Optoelec-tronics Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Feng Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measuring Technology & Instruments, School of Precision Instruments and Optoelec-tronics Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Xuexin Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measuring Technology & Instruments, School of Precision Instruments and Optoelec-tronics Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China.
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27
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Lee UN, van Neel TL, Lim FY, Khor JW, He J, Vaddi RS, Ong AQW, Tang A, Berthier J, Meschke JS, Novosselov IV, Theberge AB, Berthier E. Miniaturizing Wet Scrubbers for Aerosolized Droplet Capture. Anal Chem 2021; 93:11433-11441. [PMID: 34379402 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.1c01296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Aerosols dispersed and transmitted through the air (e.g., particulate matter pollution and bioaerosols) are ubiquitous and one of the leading causes of adverse health effects and disease transmission. A variety of sampling methods (e.g., filters, cyclones, and impactors) have been developed to assess personal exposures. However, a gap still remains in the accessibility and ease-of-use of these technologies for people without experience or training in collecting airborne samples. Additionally, wet scrubbers (large non-portable industrial systems) utilize liquid sprays to remove aerosols from the air; the goal is to "scrub" (i.e., clean) the exhaust of industrial smokestacks, not collect the aerosols for analysis. Inspired by wet scrubbers, we developed a device fundamentally different from existing portable air samplers by using aerosolized microdroplets to capture aerosols in personal spaces (e.g., homes, offices, and schools). Our aerosol-sampling device is the size of a small teapot, can be operated without specialized training, and features a winding flow path in a supersaturated relative humidity environment, enabling droplet growth. The integrated open mesofluidic channels shuttle coalesced droplets to a collection chamber for subsequent sample analysis. Here, we present the experimental demonstration of aerosol capture in water droplets. An iterative study optimized the non-linear flow manipulating baffles and enabled an 83% retention of the aerosolized microdroplets in the confined volume of our device. As a proof-of-concept for aerosol capture into a liquid medium, 0.5-3 μm model particles were used to evaluate aerosol capture efficiency. Finally, we demonstrate that the device can capture and keep a bioaerosol (bacteriophage MS2) viable for downstream analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulri N Lee
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Box 351700, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Tammi L van Neel
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Box 351700, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Fang Yun Lim
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Box 351700, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Jian Wei Khor
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Box 351700, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Jiayang He
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Ravi S Vaddi
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Angelo Q W Ong
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, 4225 Roosevelt Way NE, Suite 100, Seattle, Washington 98105, United States
| | - Anthony Tang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Jean Berthier
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Box 351700, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - John S Meschke
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, 4225 Roosevelt Way NE, Suite 100, Seattle, Washington 98105, United States
| | - Igor V Novosselov
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States.,Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, 4225 Roosevelt Way NE, Suite 100, Seattle, Washington 98105, United States.,Institute of Nano-Engineering Sciences, University of Washington, Box 351654, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Ashleigh B Theberge
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Box 351700, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States.,Department of Urology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Erwin Berthier
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Box 351700, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
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28
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Xiong H, Ye X, Li Y, Qi J, Fang X, Kong J. Efficient Microfluidic-Based Air Sampling/Monitoring Platform for Detection of Aerosol SARS-CoV-2 On-site. Anal Chem 2021; 93:4270-4276. [PMID: 33635067 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.0c05154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Airborne pathogens have been considered as highly infectious and transmittable between humans. With the pandemic outbreak of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), an on-site diagnostic system-integrated airborne pathogen-monitoring machine is recommended by experts for preventing and controlling the early stage β-coronavirus severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) spread. In this work, a small-volume rotating microfluidic fluorescence chip-integrated aerosol SARS-CoV-2 sampling system was constructed to satisfy the demand for rapid on-site sample collection and detection of SARS-CoV-2. The rotating microfluidic fluorescence system with small volume has very high sensitivity in the detection of SARS-CoV-2 (detection limit of 10 copies/μL with the shortest Ct value of 15 min), which is comparable to reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). The precision variation coefficients within/between batches are very low [coefficient of variation (CV) % ≤ 5.0%]. Our work has passed the comprehensive inspection of the microfluidic chip performance by the Shanghai Medical Device Testing Institute [National Medical Inspection (Design) no. 4408] and successfully tested 115 clinical samples. The integrated system exhibits 100% specificity, high sensitivity (10 copies/μL), and good precision (CV % ≤ 5.0%) in the rapid detection of SARS-CoV-2, thus realizing rapid monitoring and diagnostics of SARS-CoV-2 nucleic acid on-site.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiwen Xiong
- Department of Chemistry and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, P. R. China
| | - Xin Ye
- Department of Chemistry and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, P. R. China
| | - Yang Li
- Shanghai Suxin Biotechnology Co. Ltd, and IgeneTec Diagnostic Products Co. Ltd., Shanghai 201318, P. R. China
| | - Jun Qi
- Tianjin Customs District, Tianjin 300022, P. R. China
| | - Xueen Fang
- Department of Chemistry and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, P. R. China
| | - Jilie Kong
- Department of Chemistry and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, P. R. China
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