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Shi J, Du S, Wang R, Gao H, Luo Q, Hou G, Zhou Y, Zhu Z, Wang F. Molecular imaging of HER2 expression in breast cancer patients using a novel peptide-based tracer 99mTc-HP-Ark2: a pilot study. J Transl Med 2023; 21:19. [PMID: 36631812 PMCID: PMC9835228 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-022-03865-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Due to the temporal and spatial heterogeneity of human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) expression in breast tumors, immunohistochemistry (IHC) cannot accurately reflect the HER2 status in real time, which may cause misguided treatment decisions. HER2-specific imaging can noninvasively determine HER2 status in primary and metastatic tumors. In this study, HER2 expression in breast cancer patients was determined in vivo by SPECT/CT of 99mTc-HP-Ark2, comparing with PET/CT of 18F-FDG lesion by lesion. METHODS A novel HER2-targeted peptide probe 99mTc-HP-Ark2 was constructed. Biodistribution and nanoScan SPECT/CT imaging were performed in mice models. The correlation between the quantified tumor uptake and HER2 expression in tumor cells was analyzed. In the pilot clinical study, a total of 34 breast cancer patients (mean age ± SD: 49 ± 10 y) suspected of having breast cancer according to mammography or ultrasonography were recruited at Peking Union Medical College Hospital, and 99mTc-HP-Ark2 SPECT/CT and 18F-FDG PET/CT were carried out with IHC and fluorescence in situ hybridization as validation. RESULTS Small animal SPECT/CT of 99mTc-HP-Ark2 clearly identified tumors with different HER2 expression. The quantified tumor uptake and tumor HER2 expression showed a significant linear correlation (r = 0.932, P < 0.01). Among the 36 primary lesions in the 34 patients, when IHC (2 +) or IHC (3 +) was used as the positive evaluation criterion, 99mTc-HP-Ark2 SPECT/CT imaging with a tumor-to-background ratio of 1.44 as the cutoff value reflected the HER2 status with sensitivity of 89.5% (17/19), specificity of 88.2% (15/17) and accuracy of 88.9% (32/36), while the 18F-FDG PET/CT showed sensitivity of 78.9% (15/19), specificity of 70.6% (12/17) and accuracy of 75.0% (27/36). In particular, 100% of IHC (3 +) tumors were all identified by 99mTc-HP-Ark2 SPECT/CT imaging. CONCLUSION 99mTc-HP-Ark2 SPECT/CT can provide a specific, noninvasive evaluation of HER2 expression in breast cancer, showing great potential to guide HER2-targeted therapies in clinical practice. CLINICALTRIALS gov Trial registration: NCT04267900. Registered 11th February 2020. Retrospectively registered, https://www. CLINICALTRIALS gov/ct2/results?pg=1&load=cart&id=NCT04267900 .
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiyun Shi
- grid.11135.370000 0001 2256 9319Medical Isotopes Research Center and Department of Radiation Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Basic Medical Sciences, International Cancer Institute, Peking University, Beijing, 100191 China ,grid.9227.e0000000119573309Key Laboratory of Protein and Peptide Pharmaceuticals, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101 China
| | - Shuaifan Du
- grid.11135.370000 0001 2256 9319Medical Isotopes Research Center and Department of Radiation Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Basic Medical Sciences, International Cancer Institute, Peking University, Beijing, 100191 China
| | - Rongxi Wang
- grid.413106.10000 0000 9889 6335Department of Nuclear Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Targeted Diagnosis and Therapy in Nuclear Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730 China
| | - Hannan Gao
- grid.11135.370000 0001 2256 9319Medical Isotopes Research Center and Department of Radiation Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Basic Medical Sciences, International Cancer Institute, Peking University, Beijing, 100191 China ,grid.9227.e0000000119573309Key Laboratory of Protein and Peptide Pharmaceuticals, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101 China
| | - Qi Luo
- Guangzhou Laboratory, Guangzhou, 510005 China
| | - Guozhu Hou
- grid.413106.10000 0000 9889 6335Department of Nuclear Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Targeted Diagnosis and Therapy in Nuclear Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730 China
| | - Yidong Zhou
- Department of Breast Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing, 100730, China.
| | - Zhaohui Zhu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Targeted Diagnosis and Therapy in Nuclear Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, China.
| | - Fan Wang
- Medical Isotopes Research Center and Department of Radiation Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Basic Medical Sciences, International Cancer Institute, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China. .,Key Laboratory of Protein and Peptide Pharmaceuticals, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China. .,Guangzhou Laboratory, Guangzhou, 510005, China.
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Xu H, Tang Y, Zhao Y, Wang F, Gao X, Deng D, Gu Y. SPECT Imaging of Hepatocellular Carcinoma Detection by the GPC3 Receptor. Mol Pharm 2021; 18:2082-2090. [PMID: 33797932 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.1c00060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The glypican-3 (GPC3) receptor is a membrane protein that is highly expressed in tumor tissues but rarely expressed in the normal liver and can be used as a target for early diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Herein, we developed a GPC3-targeted 99mTc-labeled probe for SPECT imaging in HCC. 99mTc-HPG was rapidly radiosynthesized within 20 min with an excellent radiochemical purity (>98%), possessing good stability. Results from in vitro cell binding assays indicated that the binding specificity of 99mTc-HPG to GPC3-positive HepG2 cells was acceptable. For SPECT/CT imaging, the HepG2 tumors were clearly visualized with the highest tumor/muscle ratio (11.55 ± 0.54) at 1 h post-injection, and the tumor uptake of 99mTc-HPG reduced from 2.99 ± 0.15 to 1.17 ± 0.09% ID/g in the blocking study. Convenient preparation, excellent GPC3 specificity in HCC, rapid clearance from normal organs, and good biosafety profiles of 99mTc-HPG warrant further investigations for clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoran Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine, Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, China Pharmaceutical University, No. 24 Tongjia Lane, Gulou District, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Yongjia Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine, Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, China Pharmaceutical University, No. 24 Tongjia Lane, Gulou District, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Yue Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine, Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, China Pharmaceutical University, No. 24 Tongjia Lane, Gulou District, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Fang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine, Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, China Pharmaceutical University, No. 24 Tongjia Lane, Gulou District, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Xin Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine, Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, China Pharmaceutical University, No. 24 Tongjia Lane, Gulou District, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Dawei Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine, Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, China Pharmaceutical University, No. 24 Tongjia Lane, Gulou District, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Yueqing Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine, Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, China Pharmaceutical University, No. 24 Tongjia Lane, Gulou District, Nanjing 211198, China
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Cabrera M, Lecot N, Fernández M, Gambini JP, Porcal W, Cabral P. 99mTc Stearyl 6-(benzylidenehydrazinyl) nicotinamide Liposomes as Tumor Permeability Evaluation Tracer. AAPS PharmSciTech 2021; 22:115. [PMID: 33763814 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-021-01984-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Nanomedicine is a highly demanded discipline. Liposomes have seen an increased attention due to their physicochemical properties that allow them to act as nanocarriers of drugs and also of radioisotopes that can be used to diagnose and treat cancer. In order to obtain a novel permeability cancer imaging agent based on 99mTc-labeled liposomes, we describe microwave-assisted synthesis of stearyl 6-(benzylidenehydrazinyl) nicotinamide lipid, which was included in two formulations: nanometric hydrazinonicotinic acid (HYNIC) liposome and its PEGylated coated analogue, HYNIC-PEG liposome. Radiolabeling with 99mTc via stearyl 6-(benzylidenehydrazinyl) nicotinamide was found to be easy, reproducible, and stable, revealing high radiochemical purity (94 ± 1.7%) for both liposomal formulations. Biodistribution at 4 h and 24 h and scintigraphic images at 4 h were performed in normal and melanoma-bearing C57BL/6 mice. Biodistribution studies at 4 h showed tumor uptake of 99mTc-HYNIC liposome and 99mTc-HYNIC-PEG liposome (1.1 ± 0.6 and 2.5 ± 0.4, respectively) and also at 24 h p.i. (1.8 ± 0.5 and 3.0 ± 1.1, respectively). Scintigraphic images showed appreciable tumor uptake in melanoma tumor-bearing mice with both liposomal formulations. Our results show that 99mTc stearyl 6-(benzylidenehydrazinyl) nicotinamide liposomes can be used as diagnostic noninvasive in vivo tumor-targeting agents capable of evaluating tumor permeability and development who can be used in personalized chemotherapy planning.
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Preparation and Bioevaluation of Novel 99mTc-Labeled Complexes with a 2-Nitroimidazole HYNIC Derivative for Imaging Tumor Hypoxia. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:ph14020158. [PMID: 33671923 PMCID: PMC7919024 DOI: 10.3390/ph14020158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2021] [Revised: 02/12/2021] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
To develop novel 99mTc-labeled single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) radiotracers for imaging hypoxia, a novel HYNICNM ligand (6-hydrazinonicotinamide (HYNIC) 2-nitroimidazole derivative) was designed and synthesized. It was radiolabeled with technetium-99m using tricine/trisodium triphenylphosphine-3,3′,3′′-trisulfonate (TPPTS), tricine/sodium triphenylphosphine-3-monosulfonate (TPPMS) and tricine as co-ligands to obtain [99mTc]Tc-tricine-TPPTS-HYNICNM, [99mTc]Tc-tricine-TPPMS-HYNICNM, and [99mTc]Tc-(tricine)2-HYNICNM, respectively. The three technetium-99m complexes were radiolabeled in one step with a high yield (95%) and had good stability in saline and mouse serum. In vitro cellular uptake results showed that these complexes exhibited good hypoxic selectivity. The partition coefficient indicated that they were good hydrophilic complexes, and [99mTc]Tc-tricine-TPPTS-HYNICNM displayed the highest hydrophilicity (−3.02 ± 0.08). The biodistribution in mice bearing S180 tumors showed that [99mTc]Tc-tricine-TPPTS-HYNICNM exhibited higher tumor uptake (1.05 ± 0.27% IA/g); more rapid clearance from the liver, blood, muscle, and other non-target organs; and a higher tumor/non-target ratio, especially for the tumor/liver ratio (1.95), than [99mTc]Tc-tricine-TPPMS-HYNICNM and [99mTc]Tc-(tricine)2-HYNICNM. The results of single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) imaging studies of [99mTc]Tc-tricine-TPPTS-HYNICNM were in accordance with the biodistribution results, which suggested that [99mTc]Tc-tricine-TPPTS-HYNICNM is a promising agent for imaging tumor hypoxia.
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Du S, Luo C, Yang G, Gao H, Wang Y, Li X, Zhao H, Luo Q, Ma X, Shi J, Wang F. Developing PEGylated Reversed D-Peptide as a Novel HER2-Targeted SPECT Imaging Probe for Breast Cancer Detection. Bioconjug Chem 2020; 31:1971-1980. [PMID: 32660241 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.0c00334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 (HER2)-enriched breast cancer is characterized by strong invasiveness, high recurrence rate, and poor prognosis. HER2-specific imaging can help screening right patients for appropriate HER2-targeted therapies. Previously, we have developed a 99mTc-labeled HER2-targeted H6 peptide for SPECT imaging of breast cancer. However, the poor metabolic stability and high gallbladder uptake hamper its clinical application. In this study, a retro-inverso D-peptide of H6 (RDH6) was designed to increase the metabolic stability. PEGylation was used to improve its water solubility and in vivo pharmacokinetics. The results showed that the D-amino acids in 99mTc-PEG4-RDH6 brought better metabolic stability than 99mTc-PEG4-H6, thus achieving higher tumor uptake. As the length of the PEG chain increases, the hydrophilicity of the probes gradually increased, which may also be the main cause for the decreased liver uptake. Compared with radiotracers modified by PEG4 and PEG12, 99mTc-PEG24-RDH6 had a comparable tumor uptake and the lowest liver radioactivity. The SPECT imaging demonstrated that 99mTc-PEG24-RDH6 could specifically distinguish HER2-positive tumors from HER2-negative tumors with better imaging contrast, which thus has the potential for clinical screening of HER2-positive breast patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuaifan Du
- Medical Isotopes Research Center and Department of Radiation Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Chuangwei Luo
- Medical Isotopes Research Center and Department of Radiation Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Guangjie Yang
- Medical Isotopes Research Center and Department of Radiation Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Hannan Gao
- Medical Isotopes Research Center and Department of Radiation Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Yanpu Wang
- Medical Isotopes Research Center and Department of Radiation Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Xiaoda Li
- Medical and Healthy Analytical Center, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Huiyun Zhao
- Medical and Healthy Analytical Center, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Qi Luo
- Key Laboratory of Protein and Peptide Pharmaceuticals, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.,Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory, Guangzhou 510005, China
| | - Xiaotu Ma
- Key Laboratory of Protein and Peptide Pharmaceuticals, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Jiyun Shi
- Key Laboratory of Protein and Peptide Pharmaceuticals, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Fan Wang
- Medical Isotopes Research Center and Department of Radiation Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China.,Key Laboratory of Protein and Peptide Pharmaceuticals, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.,Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory, Guangzhou 510005, China
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Mirzaev NA, Marinova AP, Mammadov KF, Temerbulatova NT, Kozempel J, Filosofov DV. Sorption of Metal Ions on an Anion-Exchange Resin in an Ammonium Acetate Solution. RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY A 2020. [DOI: 10.1134/s0036024420060175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Gan Q, Song X, Zhang X, Zhang J. Preparation and evaluation of 99mTc-labeled HYNIC-palbociclib analogs for cyclin-dependent kinase 4/6-positive tumor imaging. Eur J Med Chem 2020; 188:112032. [PMID: 31926467 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2019.112032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2019] [Revised: 12/24/2019] [Accepted: 12/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Overexpression and amplification of cyclin-dependent kinase 4/6 (CDK4/6) occur in many cancers and may be the cause of resistance to CDK4/6 inhibitors in preclinical models. However, there are few investigations on the assessment of CDK4/6 expression in tumors or other tissues. Palbociclib, which was approved in 2015 to treat ER+/HER2-breast cancer in combination with letrozole, is a selective CDK4/6 inhibitor. In this study, an intermediate (compound 3), which could be hydrolyzed into the ligand (compound L) consisting of palbociclib as the bioactive molecule and 6-hydrazino nicotinamide (HYNIC) as the bifunctional chelator, was synthesized. Compound L was radiolabeled with 99mTc using tricine/TPPTS or tricine/TPPMS as co-ligands. 99mTc-tricine-TPPTS-L and 99mTc-tricine-TPPMS-L were prepared with high radiochemical purity without postlabeling purification. They had great in vitro stability. Both radiotracers were hydrophilic, but 99mTc-tricine-TPPTS-L had a lower log P value. In vitro cell uptake studies in MCF-7 cells showed that cellular uptake was blocked by preincubation with palbociclib, suggesting a CDK4/6-mediated uptake mechanism. Biodistribution in mice bearing MCF-7 tumors showed that 99mTc-tricine-TPPTS-L had higher tumor uptake than 99mTc-tricine-TPPMS-L, while they had comparable tumor-to-muscle and tumor-to-blood ratios. Radioactivity accumulation in tumors was obvious in micro-SPECT/CT images with 99mTc-tricine-TPPTS-L. When mice were preinjected with palbociclib, tumor uptake of 99mTc-tricine-TPPTS-L significantly decreased and the tumor accumulation was clearly lost, confirming CDK4/6 specificity. All results in this work indicated that 99mTc-tricine-TPPTS-L is a promising tumor imaging agent that targets CDK4/6.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianqian Gan
- Key Laboratory of Radiopharmaceuticals, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, PR China
| | - Xiaoqing Song
- Key Laboratory of Radiopharmaceuticals, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, PR China
| | - Xuran Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Radiopharmaceuticals, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, PR China
| | - Junbo Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Radiopharmaceuticals, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, PR China.
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Gao H, Luo C, Yang G, Du S, Li X, Zhao H, Shi J, Wang F. Improved in Vivo Targeting Capability and Pharmacokinetics of 99mTc-Labeled isoDGR by Dimerization and Albumin-Binding for Glioma Imaging. Bioconjug Chem 2019; 30:2038-2048. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.9b00323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Jiyun Shi
- Key Laboratory of Protein and Peptide Pharmaceuticals, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Fan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Protein and Peptide Pharmaceuticals, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
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Jia B, Zhang X, Wang B, Chen M, Lv F, Wang S, Wang F. Dual-Modal Probe Based on Polythiophene Derivative for Pre- and Intraoperative Mapping of Lymph Nodes by SPECT/Optical Imaging. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2018; 10:6646-6651. [PMID: 29373014 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b01032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The metastatic spread of primary tumors to regional lymph nodes (LNs) is an important prognostic indicator for cancer staging and clinical therapy. Therefore, developing lymphatic mapping probes with improved accuracy and efficiency is of vital importance. Conjugated polymers (CPs) have been established as useful optical probes for sensitive biological and chemical detection. As a member of CPs family, polythiophene derivatives have drawn increasing attraction because of their superior photostability, signal amplification ability, and flexible structures for modification. In addition, these excellent properties allow the promising in vivo application to real-time LNs mapping. Here, we first reported a radiolabeled dual-modal probe based on the polythiophene derivative (99mTc-PTP) that was used for LNs mapping with high sensitivity and specificity by preoperative single-photon emission computed tomography imaging and intraoperative optical guidance. 99mTc-PTP exhibits an excellent radio-fluorescence guidance ability and a remarkable biocompatibility and holds great potential to be a powerful probe for noninvasive LNs mapping.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Jia
- Medical Isotopes Research Center and Department of Radiation Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University , Beijing 100191, P. R. China
- Medical and Healthy Analytical Center, Peking University Health Science Center , Beijing 100191, P. R. China
| | - Xin Zhang
- Medical Isotopes Research Center and Department of Radiation Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University , Beijing 100191, P. R. China
| | - Bing Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Organic Solids Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190, P. R. China
| | - Muhua Chen
- Medical Isotopes Research Center and Department of Radiation Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University , Beijing 100191, P. R. China
| | - Fengting Lv
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Organic Solids Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190, P. R. China
| | - Shu Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Organic Solids Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190, P. R. China
| | - Fan Wang
- Medical Isotopes Research Center and Department of Radiation Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University , Beijing 100191, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Protein and Peptide Pharmaceuticals, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100101, P. R. China
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Xu D, Zhao ZQ, Chen ST, Yang Y, Fang W, Liu S. Iminodiacetic acid as bifunctional linker for dimerization of cyclic RGD peptides. Nucl Med Biol 2017; 48:1-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nucmedbio.2017.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2016] [Revised: 01/03/2017] [Accepted: 01/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Synthesis and biological studies of 99mTc(HYNIC–MFL)(tricine)(TPPTS) as a novel tumor imaging agent. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s10967-016-4955-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Comparison of biological properties of 99mTc-labeled cyclic RGD Peptide trimer and dimer useful as SPECT radiotracers for tumor imaging. Nucl Med Biol 2016; 43:661-669. [PMID: 27556955 DOI: 10.1016/j.nucmedbio.2016.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2016] [Revised: 02/12/2016] [Accepted: 02/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION This study sought to evaluate a 99mTc-labeled trimeric cyclic RGD peptide (99mTc-4P-RGD3) as the new radiotracer for tumor imaging. The objective was to compare its biological properties with those of 99mTc-3P-RGD2 in the same animal model. METHODS HYNIC-4P-RGD3 was prepared by reacting 4P-RGD3 with excess HYNIC-OSu in the presence of diisopropylethylamine. 99mTc-4P-RGD3 was prepared using a kit formulation, and evaluated for its tumor-targeting capability and biodistribution properties in the BALB/c nude mice with U87MG human glioma xenografts. Planar and SPECT imaging studies were performed in athymic nude mice with U87MG glioma xenografts. For comparison purpose, 99mTc-3P-RGD2 (a αvβ3-targeted radiotracer currently under clinical evaluation for tumor imaging in cancer patients) was also evaluated in the same animal models. Blocking experiments were used to demonstrate the αvβ3 specificity of 99mTc-4P-RGD3. RESULTS 99mTc-4P-RGD3 was prepared with >95% RCP and high specific activity (~200GBq/μmol). 99mTc-4P-RGD3 and 99mTc-3P-RGD2 shared almost identical tumor uptake and similar biodistribution properties. 99mTc-4P-RGD3 had higher uptake than 99mTc-3P-RGD2 in the intestines and kidneys; but it showed better metabolic stability. The U87MG tumors were clearly visualized by SPECT with excellent contrast with 99mTc-4P-RGD3 and 99mTc-3P-RGD2. CONCLUSION Increasing peptide multiplicity from 3P-RGD2 to 4P-RGD3 offers no advantages with respect to the tumor-targeting capability. 99mTc-4P-RGD3 is as good a SPECT radiotracer as 99mTc-3P-RGD2 for imaging αvβ3-positive tumors.
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(99m)Tc-bioorthogonal click chemistry reagent for in vivo pretargeted imaging. Bioorg Med Chem 2016; 24:1209-15. [PMID: 26875936 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2016.01.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2015] [Revised: 01/17/2016] [Accepted: 01/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Metal-free click chemistry has become an important tool for pretargeted approaches in the molecular imaging field. The application of bioorthogonal click chemistry between a pretargeted trans-cyclooctene (TCO) derivatized monoclonal antibody (mAb) and a (99m)Tc-modified 1,2,4,5-tetrazine for tumor imaging was examined in vitro and in vivo. The HYNIC tetrazine compound was synthesized and structurally characterized, confirming its identity. Radiolabeling studies demonstrated that the HYNIC tetrazine was labeled with (99m)Tc at an efficiency of >95% and was radiochemically stable. (99m)Tc-HYNIC tetrazine reacted with the TCO-CC49 mAb in vitro demonstrating its selective reactivity. In vivo biodistribution studies revealed non-specific liver and GI uptake due to the hydrophobic property of the compound, however pretargeted SPECT imaging studies demonstrated tumor visualization confirming the success of the cycloaddition reaction in vivo. These results demonstrated the potential of (99m)Tc-HYNIC-tetrazine for tumor imaging with pretargeted mAbs.
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Ferl S, Wunderlich G, Smits R, Hoepping A, Naumann A, Kotzerke J. Synthesis of a new HYNIC-DAPI derivative for labelling with 99mTechnetium and its in vitro evaluation in an FRTL5 cell line. MEDCHEMCOMM 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c4md00574k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
A new multifunctional compound that includes the fluorescent dye 4′,6-diamidine-2-phenylindole (DAPI) and the chelator 6-hydrazinonicotinic acid (HYNIC) was developed and radiolabelled with 99mTc for in vitro evaluation in an FRTL5 cell line.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Ferl
- Technische Universität Dresden
- Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus
- Department of Nuclear Medicine
- 01307 Dresden
- Germany
| | - Gerd Wunderlich
- Technische Universität Dresden
- Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus
- Department of Nuclear Medicine
- 01307 Dresden
- Germany
| | - René Smits
- ABX advanced biochemical compounds GmbH
- 01454 Radeberg
- Germany
| | | | - Anne Naumann
- Technische Universität Dresden
- Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus
- Department of Nuclear Medicine
- 01307 Dresden
- Germany
| | - Jörg Kotzerke
- Technische Universität Dresden
- Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus
- Department of Nuclear Medicine
- 01307 Dresden
- Germany
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15
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Sengupta D, Ghosh P, Chatterjee T, Datta H, Paul ND, Goswami S. Ligand-Centered Redox in Nickel(II) Complexes of 2-(Arylazo)pyridine and Isolation of 2-Pyridyl-Substituted Triaryl Hydrazines via Catalytic N-Arylation of Azo-Function. Inorg Chem 2014; 53:12002-13. [DOI: 10.1021/ic501656s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Debabrata Sengupta
- Department
of Inorganic Chemistry, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Jadavpur, Kolkata 700 032, India
| | - Pradip Ghosh
- Department
of Inorganic Chemistry, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Jadavpur, Kolkata 700 032, India
| | - Tanmay Chatterjee
- Department
of Organic Chemistry, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Jadavpur, Kolkata 700 032, India
| | - Harashit Datta
- Department
of Inorganic Chemistry, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Jadavpur, Kolkata 700 032, India
| | - Nanda D. Paul
- Department
of Inorganic Chemistry, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Jadavpur, Kolkata 700 032, India
| | - Sreebrata Goswami
- Department
of Inorganic Chemistry, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Jadavpur, Kolkata 700 032, India
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16
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Yang Y, Ji S, Liu S. Impact of multiple negative charges on blood clearance and biodistribution characteristics of 99mTc-labeled dimeric cyclic RGD peptides. Bioconjug Chem 2014; 25:1720-9. [PMID: 25144854 PMCID: PMC4166031 DOI: 10.1021/bc500309r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
![]()
This
study sought to evaluate the impact of multiple negative charges
on blood clearance kinetics and biodistribution properties of 99mTc-labeled RGD peptide dimers. Bioconjugates HYNIC-P6G-RGD2 and HYNIC-P6D-RGD2 were prepared by reacting P6G-RGD2 and P6D-RGD2, respectively, with excess HYNIC-OSu
in the presence of diisopropylethylamine. Their IC50 values
were determined to be 31 ± 5 and 41 ± 6 nM, respectively,
against 125I-echistatin bound to U87MG glioma cells in
a whole-cell displacement assay. Complexes [99mTc(HYNIC-P6G-RGD2)(tricine)(TPPTS)] (99mTc-P6G-RGD2)
and [99mTc(HYNIC-P6D-RGD2)(tricine)(TPPTS)]
(99mTc-P6D-RGD2) were prepared in high radiochemical
purity (RCP > 95%) and specific activity (37–110 GBq/μmol).
They were evaluated in athymic nude mice bearing U87MG glioma xenografts
for their biodistribution. The most significant difference between 99mTc-P6D-RGD2 and 99mTc-P6G-RGD2 was their blood radioactivity levels and tumor uptake. The
initial blood radioactivity level for 99mTc-P6D-RGD2 (4.71 ± 1.00%ID/g) was ∼5× higher than that
of 99mTc-P6G-RGD2 (0.88 ± 0.05%ID/g), but
this difference disappeared at 60 min p.i. 99mTc-P6D-RGD2 had much lower tumor uptake (2.20–3.11%ID/g) than 99mTc-P6G-RGD2 (7.82–9.27%ID/g) over a 2
h period. Since HYNIC-P6D-RGD2 and HYNIC-P6G-RGD2 shared a similar integrin αvβ3 binding affinity (41 ± 6 nM versus 31 ± 5 nM), the difference
in their blood activity and tumor uptake is most likely related to
the nine negative charges and high protein binding of 99mTc-P6D-RGD2. Despite its low uptake in U87MG tumors, the
tumor uptake of 99mTc-P6D-RGD2 was integrin
αvβ3-specific. SPECT/CT studies
were performed using 99mTc-P6G-RGD2 in athymic
nude mice bearing U87MG glioma and MDA-MB-231 breast cancer xenografts.
The SPECT/CT data demonstrated the tumor-targeting capability of 99mTc-P6G-RGD2, and its tumor uptake depends on
the integrin αvβ3 expression levels
on tumor cells and neovasculature. It was concluded that the multiple
negative charges have a significant impact on the blood clearance
kinetics and tumor uptake of 99mTc-labeled dimeric cyclic
RGD peptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Yang
- School of Health Sciences, Purdue University , 550 Stadium Mall Drive, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
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17
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Liu C, Guo Z, Zhang P, Song M, Zhao Z, Wu X, Zhang X. Kit formulated asialoglycoprotein receptor targeting tracer based on copolymer for liver SPECT imaging. Nucl Med Biol 2014; 41:587-93. [PMID: 24815356 DOI: 10.1016/j.nucmedbio.2014.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2013] [Revised: 03/31/2014] [Accepted: 04/01/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Specific targeting of galactose-carrying molecule to ASGP-R in normal hepatocytes has been demonstrated before. In this study, galactosyl polystyrene was synthesized from controllable ratio of functional monomers and radio-labelled with (99m)Tc by formulated kit for SPECT imaging of hepatic function. METHODS p(VLA-co-VNI)(46:54) was synthesized by free-radical copolymerization initiated by AIBN, purified by dialysis, lyophilized to kit with Tricine and TPPTS as co-ligands for (99m)Tc labeling. Radiotracer (99m)Tc-p(VLA-co-VNI)(46:54)(Tricine)(TPPTS) was prepared and evaluated by in vitro stability, in vivo metabolism, ex vivo biodistribution and microSPECT/CT imaging in normal KM mice. MicroSPECT/CT and microMRI imaging were also performed in C57BL/b6 mice with xenograft hepatic carcinoma for hepatic function evaluation. RESULTS (99m)Tc-p(VLA-co-VNI)(46:54)(Tricine)(TPPTS) was obtained in high radio chemical purity (RCP) (>99%) by using instant kit without further purification and excellent in vitro and in vivo stability. The result of biodistribution showed that liver had high uptake (90.49±10.68 ID%/g) at 30 min after injection and was blocked significantly by cold copolymer. MicroSPECT imaging in normal KM mice at 1h and 4h after injection showed good liver retention and targeting properties. Significant defect of activity was observed in the tumor site which was confirmed by MRI imaging. CONCLUSION (99m)Tc-p(VLA-co-VNI)(46:54)(Tricine)(TPPTS) with lower ratio of targeting moiety has no observable effect on the specific binding affinity and liver uptake. This makes it possible to introduce more imaging units for multi-modality imaging. Furthermore, the instant kit preparation of (99m)Tc-labeling provides great potential for the evaluation of hepatocyte function in clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Radiopharmaceuticals, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China.
| | - Zhide Guo
- Key Laboratory of Radiopharmaceuticals, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China; Center for Molecular Imaging and Translational Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Pu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Radiopharmaceuticals, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China; Center for Molecular Imaging and Translational Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Manli Song
- Center for Molecular Imaging and Translational Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Zuoquan Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Radiopharmaceuticals, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China; Center for Molecular Imaging and Translational Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Xiaowei Wu
- Center for Molecular Imaging and Translational Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Xianzhong Zhang
- Center for Molecular Imaging and Translational Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China.
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18
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Liu Z, Liu H, Ma T, Sun X, Shi J, Jia B, Sun Y, Zhan J, Zhang H, Zhu Z, Wang F. Integrin αvβ6–Targeted SPECT Imaging for Pancreatic Cancer Detection. J Nucl Med 2014; 55:989-94. [DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.113.132969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2013] [Accepted: 02/14/2014] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
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19
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Xie F, Zhang C, Yu Q, Pang Y, Chen Y, Yang W, Xue J, Liu Y, Lu J. Novel 99mTc radiolabeled folate complexes with PEG linkers for FR-positive tumor imaging: synthesis and biological evaluation. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra03564j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The novel complex 99mTc(FA-PEG2-HYNIC)(tricine/TPPTS) was clearly visualized at 120 min p.i. at the FR-positive tumor, highlighting its potential as an effective folate receptor tumor imaging agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Xie
- Key Laboratory of Radiopharmaceuticals (Beijing Normal University)
- Ministry of Education
- College of Chemistry
- Beijing Normal University
- Beijing 100875, P. R. China
| | - Chun Zhang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine
- Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital
- Capital Medical University
- Beijing 100020, P. R. China
| | - Qian Yu
- Key Laboratory of Radiopharmaceuticals (Beijing Normal University)
- Ministry of Education
- College of Chemistry
- Beijing Normal University
- Beijing 100875, P. R. China
| | - Yan Pang
- Key Laboratory of Radiopharmaceuticals (Beijing Normal University)
- Ministry of Education
- College of Chemistry
- Beijing Normal University
- Beijing 100875, P. R. China
| | - Yuan Chen
- Key Laboratory of Radiopharmaceuticals (Beijing Normal University)
- Ministry of Education
- College of Chemistry
- Beijing Normal University
- Beijing 100875, P. R. China
| | - Wenjiang Yang
- Key laboratory of Nuclear Radiation and Nuclear Energy Technology
- Institute of High Energy Physics
- China Academy of Sciences
- Beijing 100142, P. R. China
| | - Jingquan Xue
- Key laboratory of Nuclear Radiation and Nuclear Energy Technology
- Institute of High Energy Physics
- China Academy of Sciences
- Beijing 100142, P. R. China
| | - Yu Liu
- Key laboratory of Nuclear Radiation and Nuclear Energy Technology
- Institute of High Energy Physics
- China Academy of Sciences
- Beijing 100142, P. R. China
| | - Jie Lu
- Key Laboratory of Radiopharmaceuticals (Beijing Normal University)
- Ministry of Education
- College of Chemistry
- Beijing Normal University
- Beijing 100875, P. R. China
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20
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Ji S, Czerwinski A, Zhou Y, Shao G, Valenzuela F, Sowiński P, Chauhan S, Pennington M, Liu S. (99m)Tc-Galacto-RGD2: a novel 99mTc-labeled cyclic RGD peptide dimer useful for tumor imaging. Mol Pharm 2013; 10:3304-14. [PMID: 23875883 PMCID: PMC3946497 DOI: 10.1021/mp400085d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
This study sought to evaluate [(99m)Tc(HYNIC-Galacto-RGD2)(tricine)(TPPTS)] ((99m)Tc-Galacto-RGD2: HYNIC = 6-hydrazinonicotinyl; Galacto-RGD2 = Glu[cyclo[Arg-Gly-Asp-D-Phe-Lys(SAA-PEG2-(1,2,3-triazole)-1-yl-4-methylamide)]]2 (SAA = 7-amino-L-glycero-L-galacto-2,6-anhydro-7-deoxyheptanamide, and PEG2 = 3,6-dioxaoctanoic acid); and TPPTS = trisodium triphenylphosphine-3,3',3″-trisulfonate) as a new radiotracer for tumor imaging. Galacto-RGD2 was prepared via the copper(I)-catalyzed 1,3-dipolar azide-alkyne Huisgen cycloaddition. HYNIC-Galacto-RGD2 was prepared by reacting Galacto-RGD2 with sodium succinimidyl 6-(2-(2-sulfonatobenzaldehyde)hydrazono)nicotinate (HYNIC-OSu) in the presence of diisopropylethylamine, and was evaluated for its integrin αvβ3 binding affinity against (125)I-echistatin bound to U87MG glioma cells. The IC50 value for HYNIC-Galacto-RGD2 was determined to be 20 ± 2 nM. (99m)Tc-Galacto-RGD2 was prepared in high specific activity (∼ 185 GBq/μmol) and high radiochemical purity (>95%), and was evaluated in athymic nude mice bearing U87MG glioma xenografts for its tumor-targeting capability and biodistribution. The tumor uptake of (99m)Tc-Galacto-RGD2 was 10.30 ± 1.67, 8.37 ± 2.13, 6.86 ± 1.33, and 5.61 ± 1.52%ID/g at 5, 30, 60, and 120 min p.i., respectively, which was in agreement with high integrin αvβ3 expression on glioma cells and neovasculature. Its lower uptake in intestines, lungs, and spleen suggests that (99m)Tc-Galacto-RGD2 has advantages over (99m)Tc-3P-RGD2 ([(99m)Tc(HYNIC-3P-RGD2)(tricine)(TPPTS)]: 3P-RGD2 = PEG4-E[PEG4-c(RGDfK)]2; PEG4 = 15-amino-4,7,10,13-tetraoxapentadecanoic acid) for imaging tumors in the chest and abdominal regions. U87MG tumors were readily detected by SPECT and the tumor uptake of (99m)Tc-Galacto-RGD2 was integrin αvβ3-specific. (99m)Tc-Galacto-RGD2 also had very high metabolic stability. On the basis of results from this study, it was concluded that (99m)Tc-Galacto-RGD2 is an excellent radiotracer for imaging integrin αvβ3-positive tumors and related metastases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shundong Ji
- School of Health Sciences, Purdue University, IN 47907, USA
| | | | - Yang Zhou
- School of Health Sciences, Purdue University, IN 47907, USA
| | - Guoqiang Shao
- School of Health Sciences, Purdue University, IN 47907, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Shuang Liu
- School of Health Sciences, Purdue University, IN 47907, USA
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21
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Dong C, Zhao H, Yang S, Shi J, Huang J, Cui L, Zhong L, Jin X, Li F, Liu Z, Jia B, Wang F. 99mTc-Labeled Dimeric Octreotide Peptide: A Radiotracer with High Tumor Uptake for Single-Photon Emission Computed Tomography Imaging of Somatostatin Receptor Subtype 2-Positive Tumors. Mol Pharm 2013; 10:2925-33. [DOI: 10.1021/mp400040z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Chengyan Dong
- Medical Isotopes Research
Center, Peking University, Beijing 100191,
China
- Department of Radiation
Medicine,
School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Huiyun Zhao
- Medical Isotopes Research
Center, Peking University, Beijing 100191,
China
- Medical and Healthy Analytical
Center, Peking University, Beijing 100191,
China
| | - Sujuan Yang
- Medical Isotopes Research
Center, Peking University, Beijing 100191,
China
- Department of Radiation
Medicine,
School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Jiyun Shi
- Medical Isotopes Research
Center, Peking University, Beijing 100191,
China
- Medical and Healthy Analytical
Center, Peking University, Beijing 100191,
China
| | - Jinming Huang
- Medical Isotopes Research
Center, Peking University, Beijing 100191,
China
- Department of Radiation
Medicine,
School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Liyang Cui
- Medical Isotopes Research
Center, Peking University, Beijing 100191,
China
- Department of Radiation
Medicine,
School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Lijun Zhong
- Medical and Healthy Analytical
Center, Peking University, Beijing 100191,
China
| | - Xiaona Jin
- Department of Nuclear
Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing 100857,
China
| | - Fang Li
- Department of Nuclear
Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing 100857,
China
| | - Zhaofei Liu
- Medical Isotopes Research
Center, Peking University, Beijing 100191,
China
- Department of Radiation
Medicine,
School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Bing Jia
- Medical Isotopes Research
Center, Peking University, Beijing 100191,
China
- Department of Radiation
Medicine,
School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Fan Wang
- Medical Isotopes Research
Center, Peking University, Beijing 100191,
China
- Department of Radiation
Medicine,
School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
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22
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Ji S, Zhou Y, Shao G, Liu S. Evaluation of K(HYNIC)(2) as a bifunctional chelator for (99m)Tc-labeling of small biomolecules. Bioconjug Chem 2013; 24:701-11. [PMID: 23521129 DOI: 10.1021/bc3006896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
This study sought to evaluate K(HYNIC)(2) (K = lysine and HYNIC = 6-hydrazinonicotinyl) as a bifunctional chelator for (99m)Tc-labeling of biomolecule. In this study, four K(HYNIC)(2)-conjugated cyclic RGD peptides, K(HYNIC)(2)-RGD(2) (RGD(2) = E[c(RGDfK)](2)), K(HYNIC)(2)-3G-RGD(2) (3G-RGD(2) = Gly-Gly-Gly-E[Gly-Gly-Gly-c(RGDfK)](2)), K(HYNIC)(2)-2P-RGD(2) (2P-RGD(2) = E[PEG4-c(RGDfK)](2), and PEG(4) = 15-amino-4,7,10,13-tetraoxapentadecanoic acid), and K(HYNIC)(2)-3P-RGD(2) (3P-RGD(2) = PEG4-E[PEG4-c(RGDfK)]2) were prepared, and evaluated for their integrin αvβ3 binding affinity. IC(50) values were determined to be 47 ± 2, 35 ± 2, 37 ± 2, 85 ± 2, and 422 ± 15 nM for K(HYNIC)(2)-2P-RGD(2), K(HYNIC)(2)-3P-RGD(2), K(HYNIC)(2)-3G-RGD(2), K(HYNIC)(2)-RGD(2), and c(RGDyK), respectively, against (125)I-echistatin bound to U87MG cells. Macrocyclic complexes [(99m)Tc(K(HYNIC)(2)-RGD(2))(tricine)] (1), [(99m)Tc(K(HYNIC)(2)-3G-RGD(2))(tricine)] (2), [(99m)Tc(K(HYNIC)(2)-2P-RGD(2))(tricine)] (3), and [(99m)Tc(K(HYNIC)(2)-3P-RGD(2))(tricine)] (4) were prepared, and evaluated in athymic nude mice bearing U87MG glioma xenografts for their tumor targeting capability and biodistribution. It was found that 1-4 all had high solution stability and more than two isomers, as evidenced by the presence of multiple radiometric peaks in their radio-HPLC chromatograms. The tumor uptake of 1-4 was 3.78 ± 0.81, 7.46 ± 1.68, 9.74 ± 1.65, and 8.59 ± 1.52%ID/g, respectively, which was completely consistent with trend of integrin α(v)β(3) binding affinity for cyclic RGD peptides. Replacing [(99m)Tc(HYNIC)(tricine)(TPPTS)] (TPPTS = trisodium triphenylphosphine-3,3',3"-trisulfonate) with [(99m)Tc(K(HYNIC)(2))(tricine)] had little impact on radiotracer tumor uptake; but it had significant effect on the uptake of radiotracer in kidneys, lungs, and spleen. The tumor was clearly visualized by SPECT/CT with excellent contrast in a glioma-bearing mouse administered with 4. K(HYNIC)(2) would be particularly useful for (99m)Tc-labeling of small biomolecules with one or more disulfide linkages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shundong Ji
- School of Health Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
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23
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Evaluation of a technetium-99m labeled bombesin homodimer for GRPR imaging in prostate cancer. Amino Acids 2012; 44:543-53. [DOI: 10.1007/s00726-012-1369-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2012] [Accepted: 07/12/2012] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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24
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Liu Z, Huang J, Dong C, Cui L, Jin X, Jia B, Zhu Z, Li F, Wang F. 99mTc-labeled RGD-BBN peptide for small-animal SPECT/CT of lung carcinoma. Mol Pharm 2012; 9:1409-17. [PMID: 22452411 DOI: 10.1021/mp200661t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
We recently designed and synthesized a Glu-c(RGDyK)-bombesin (RGD-BBN) heterodimeric peptide exhibiting a dual integrin α(v)β(3) and gastrin-releasing peptide receptor (GRPR) targeting property. In this study, we investigated whether (99m)Tc-labeled RGD-BBN peptide could be used for the noninvasive detection of lung carcinoma by using small-animal single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT)/CT. RGD-BBN peptide was conjugated with 6-hydrazinonicotinyl (HYNIC) and then radiolabeled with (99m)Tc using tricine and TPPTS as the coligands (TPPTS = trisodium triphenylphosphine-3,3',3"-trisulfonate). The biodistribution, planar gamma imaging, and small-animal SPECT/CT studies of (99m)Tc-HYNIC(tricine)(TPPTS)-RGD-BBN ((99m)Tc-RGD-BBN) were performed in C57/BL6 mice bearing Lewis lung carcinoma (LLC) or bearing both inflammation and LLC. HYNIC-RGD-BBN possessed a dual integrin α(v)β(3) and GRPR binding capacity. (99m)Tc-RGD-BBN was prepared with a high radiochemical purity (>98%), and it exhibited specific tumor imaging with high contrast to the contralateral background. (99m)Tc-RGD-BBN was superior to (18)F-FDG for distinguishing lung carcinoma from inflammation. The uptake of (99m)Tc-RGD-BBN in LLC xenografts was 2.69 ± 0.66% ID/g at 1 h postinjection (p.i.) and was decreased to 1.99 ± 0.61% ID/g at 2 h p.i. The inflammation uptake of (99m)Tc-RGD-BBN was 1.20 ± 0.32% ID/g at 1 h and 0.56 ± 0.17% ID/g at 2 h p.i., respectively. High pancreas uptake (25.76 ± 5.49%ID/g and 19.56 ± 6.78% ID/g at 1 and 2 h p.i., respectively) was also found due to the high GRPR expression of this organ. Small-animal SPECT/CT using (99m)Tc-RGD-BBN can specifically detect the LLC pulmonary metastases. Our results suggested that SPECT/CT with (99m)Tc-RGD-BBN would provide an effective approach for the noninvasive detection of lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaofei Liu
- Medical Isotopes Research Center, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China.
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25
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Zhou Y, Kim YS, Lu X, Liu S. Evaluation of 99mTc-labeled cyclic RGD dimers: impact of cyclic RGD peptides and 99mTc chelates on biological properties. Bioconjug Chem 2012; 23:586-95. [PMID: 22369387 DOI: 10.1021/bc200631g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
The main objective of this study is to explore the impact of cyclic RGD peptides and (99m)Tc chelates on biological properties of (99m)Tc radiotracers. Cyclic RGD peptide conjugates, HYNIC-K(NIC)-RGD(2) (HYNIC = 6-hydrazinonicotinyl; RGD(2) = E[c(RGDfK)](2) and NIC = nicotinyl), HYNIC-K(NIC)-3G-RGD(2) (3G-RGD(2) = Gly-Gly-Gly-E[Gly-Gly-Gly-c(RGDfK)](2)), and HYNIC-K(NIC)-3P-RGD(2) (3P-RGD(2) = PEG(4)-E[PEG(4)-c(RGDfK)](2)), were prepared. Macrocyclic (99m)Tc complexes [(99m)Tc(HYNIC-K(NIC)-RGD(2))(tricine)] (1), [(99m)Tc(HYNIC-K(NIC)-3G-RGD(2))(tricine)] (2), and [(99m)Tc(HYNIC-K(NIC)-3P-RGD(2))(tricine)] (3) were evaluated for their biodistribution and tumor-targeting capability in athymic nude mice bearing MDA-MB-435 human breast tumor xenografts. It was found that 1, 2, and 3 could be prepared with high specific activity (∼111 GBq/μmol). All three (99m)Tc radiotracers have two major isomers, which show almost identical uptake in tumors and normal organs. Replacing the bulky and highly charged [(99m)Tc(HYNIC)(tricine)(TPPTS)] (TPPTS = trisodium triphenylphosphine-3,3',3″-trisulfonate) with a smaller [(99m)Tc(HYNIC-K(NIC))(tricine)] resulted in less uptake in the kidneys and lungs for 3. Surprisingly, all three (99m)Tc radiotracers shared a similar tumor uptake (1, 5.73 ± 0.40%ID/g; 2, 5.24 ± 1.09%ID/g; and 3, 4.94 ± 1.71%ID/g) at 60 min p.i. The metabolic stability of (99m)Tc radiotracers depends on cyclic RGD peptides (3P-RGD(2) > 3G-RGD(2) ∼ RGD(2)) and (99m)Tc chelates ([(99m)Tc(HYNIC)(tricine)(TPPTS)] > [(99m)Tc(HYNIC-K(NIC))(tricine)]). Immunohistochemical studies revealed a linear relationship between the α(v)β(3) expression levels and tumor uptake or tumor/muscle ratios of 3, suggesting that 3 is useful for monitoring the tumor α(v)β(3) expression. Complex 3 is a very attractive radiotracer for detection of integrin α(v)β(3)-positive tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Zhou
- School of Health Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA
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Ganguly T, Kasten BB, Bučar DK, MacGillivray LR, Berkman CE, Benny PD. The hydrazide/hydrazone click reaction as a biomolecule labeling strategy for M(CO)3 (M = Re, (99m)Tc) radiopharmaceuticals. Chem Commun (Camb) 2011; 47:12846-8. [PMID: 22044929 DOI: 10.1039/c1cc15451f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Facile reactivity of hydrazides and aldehydes was explored as potential coupling partners for incorporation into M(CO)(3) (M = Re, (99m)Tc) based radiopharmaceuticals. Both 'click, then chelate' and 'prelabel, then click' synthetic routes produced identical products in high yields and lacked metal-hydrazide/-hydrazone interactions, highlighting the potential of this click strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanushree Ganguly
- Department of Chemistry, Washington State University, Pullman WA 99164, USA
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Wang Y, Lim K, Normandin M, Zhao X, Cline GW, Ding YS. Synthesis and evaluation of [18F]exendin (9-39) as a potential biomarker to measure pancreatic β-cell mass. Nucl Med Biol 2011; 39:167-76. [PMID: 22033026 DOI: 10.1016/j.nucmedbio.2011.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2010] [Revised: 06/24/2011] [Accepted: 07/15/2011] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) is released in response to food intake and plays an important role in maintaining blood glucose homeostasis. Exendin (9-39), a potent glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor antagonist, has been labeled with In-111 for SPECT imaging. We report here the first radiosynthesis of [(18)F]exendin (9-39) ([(18)F]Ex(9-39)) and an evaluation of its potential as a biomarker for in vivo positron emission tomography (PET) imaging of pancreatic β-cell mass (BCM) in rats. METHODS F-18 label was introduced by conjugation of [(18)F]4-fluorobenzaldehyde with an Ex(9-39) derivative containing a 6-hydrazinonicotinyl group on the ε-amine of Lys27. Positron emission tomography imaging was carried out in Sprague-Dawley rats (five control and five streptozotocin-induced diabetic) and BioBreeding diabetes-prone rats (three at 7 weeks and three at 12 weeks) using the high-resolution research tomograph (HRRT) after 0.187 ± 0.084 mCi [(18)F]Ex(9-39) administration. Time-activity curves were obtained from pancreas, liver and kidney. Pancreases were assayed for insulin content after the imaging study. RESULTS Site-specifically labeled [(18)F]Ex(9-39) was purified on a G15 open column with radiochemical and chemical purities >98%. Positron emission tomography imaging showed pancreatic standardized uptake value (SUV) peaked at 10 min and plateaued by 50 min to the end of scan (240 min). No correlations of pancreatic SUV with postmortem measures of insulin content were seen. CONCLUSIONS [(18)F]Ex(9-39) was successfully prepared and used for PET imaging for the first time to measure pancreatic BCM. The results suggest that derivatization of the Lys27 residue might reduce binding affinity, as evidenced by the absence of specific binding. Exendin analogues radiolabeled at other sites may elucidate the active site required for binding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Wang
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
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Yang W, Mou T, Shao G, Wang F, Zhang X, Liu B. Copolymer-Based Hepatocyte Asialoglycoprotein Receptor Targeting Agent for SPECT. J Nucl Med 2011; 52:978-85. [DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.110.085167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
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Guo H, Xie F, Zhu M, Li Y, Yang Z, Wang X, Lu J. The synthesis of pteroyl-lys conjugates and its application as Technetium-99m labeled radiotracer for folate receptor-positive tumor targeting. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2011; 21:2025-9. [PMID: 21377880 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2011.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2010] [Revised: 01/25/2011] [Accepted: 02/04/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Aiming to develop a new (99m)Tc-labeled folate derivative for FR-positive tumor imaging, a simpler method has been established to synthesize the folate-drug conjugates with free α-carboxyl group. In this study, the conjugate pteroyl-lys-HYNIC was synthesized and labeled with (99m)Tc using tricine and TPPTS as co-ligands. The radiochemical purity of the final complex (99m)Tc(HYNIC-lys-pteroyl)(tricine/TPPTS), 5 was high (>98%), and it remained stable in saline and plasma over 6h after preparation. The biologic evaluation results showed that the (99m)Tc labeled pteroyl-lys conjugate was able to specifically target the FR-positive tumor cells and tissues both in vitro and in vivo, highlighting its potential as an effective folate receptor targeted agent for tumor imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongjuan Guo
- Key Laboratory of Radiopharmaceuticals (Beijing Normal University), Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, PR China
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Meszaros LK, Dose A, Biagini SC, Blower PJ. Hydrazinonicotinic acid (HYNIC) – Coordination chemistry and applications in radiopharmaceutical chemistry. Inorganica Chim Acta 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2010.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Bashir-Uddin Surfraz M, King R, Mather SJ, Biagini SC, Blower PJ. Trifluoroacetyl as a protecting group for HYNIC: stability in the presence of electrophiles and application in the synthesis of 99mTc-radiolabelled peptides. Tetrahedron 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2010.01.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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32
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Liu Z, Jia B, Shi J, Jin X, Zhao H, Li F, Liu S, Wang F. Tumor Uptake of the RGD Dimeric Probe 99mTc-G3-2P4-RGD2 is Correlated with Integrin αvβ3 Expressed on both Tumor Cells and Neovasculature. Bioconjug Chem 2010; 21:548-55. [PMID: 20184307 DOI: 10.1021/bc900547d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhaofei Liu
- Medical Isotopes Research Center, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China, Department of Nuclear Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing 100730, China, and School of Health Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907
| | - Bing Jia
- Medical Isotopes Research Center, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China, Department of Nuclear Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing 100730, China, and School of Health Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907
| | - Jiyun Shi
- Medical Isotopes Research Center, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China, Department of Nuclear Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing 100730, China, and School of Health Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907
| | - Xiaona Jin
- Medical Isotopes Research Center, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China, Department of Nuclear Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing 100730, China, and School of Health Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907
| | - Huiyun Zhao
- Medical Isotopes Research Center, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China, Department of Nuclear Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing 100730, China, and School of Health Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907
| | - Fang Li
- Medical Isotopes Research Center, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China, Department of Nuclear Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing 100730, China, and School of Health Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907
| | - Shuang Liu
- Medical Isotopes Research Center, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China, Department of Nuclear Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing 100730, China, and School of Health Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907
| | - Fan Wang
- Medical Isotopes Research Center, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China, Department of Nuclear Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing 100730, China, and School of Health Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907
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Trzesowska A. P-Dimethylaminobenzaldehyde semicarbazone: The bonding abilities of imine nitrogen atom. J Mol Struct 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2008.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Wang L, Shi J, Kim YS, Zhai S, Jia B, Zhao H, Liu Z, Wang F, Chen X, Liu S. Improving tumor-targeting capability and pharmacokinetics of (99m)Tc-labeled cyclic RGD dimers with PEG(4) linkers. Mol Pharm 2009; 6:231-45. [PMID: 19067525 PMCID: PMC2634825 DOI: 10.1021/mp800150r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
This report describes the synthesis of two cyclic RGD (Arg-Gly-Asp) conjugates, HYNIC-2PEG(4)-dimer (HYNIC = 6-hydrazinonicotinyl; 2PEG(4)-dimer = E[PEG(4)-c(RGDfK)](2); and PEG(4) = 15-amino-4,7,10,13-tetraoxapentadecanoic acid) and HYNIC-3PEG(4)-dimer (3PEG(4)-dimer = PEG(4)-E[PEG(4)-c(RGDfK)](2)), and evaluation of their (99m)Tc complexes [(99m)Tc(HYNIC-2PEG(4)-dimer)(tricine)(TPPTS)] ((99m)Tc-2PEG(4)-dimer: TPPTS = trisodium triphenylphosphine-3,3',3''-trisulfonate) and [(99m)Tc(HYNIC-3PEG(4)-dimer)(tricine)(TPPTS)] ((99m)Tc-3PEG(4)-dimer) as novel radiotracers for imaging integrin alpha(v)beta(3) expression in athymic nude mice bearing U87MG glioma and MDA-MB-435 breast cancer xenografts. The integrin alpha(v)beta(3) binding affinities of RGD peptides were determined by competitive displacement of (125)I-c(RGDyK) on U87MG glioma cells. It was found that the two PEG(4) linkers between RGD motifs in HYNIC-2PEG(4)-dimer (IC(50) = 2.8 +/- 0.5 nM) and HYNIC-3PEG(4)-dimer (IC(50) = 2.4 +/- 0.7 nM) are responsible for their higher integrin alpha(v)beta(3) binding affinity than that of HYNIC-PEG(4)-dimer (PEG(4)-dimer = PEG(4)-E[c(RGDfK)](2); IC(50) = 7.5 +/- 2.3 nM). Addition of extra PEG(4) linker in HYNIC-3PEG(4)-dimer has little impact on integrin alpha(v)beta(3) binding affinity. (99m)Tc-2PEG(4)-dimer and (99m)Tc-3PEG(4)-dimer were prepared in high yield with >95% radiochemical purity and the specific activity of >10 Ci/mumol. Biodistribution studies clearly demonstrated that PEG(4) linkers are particularly useful for improving the tumor uptake and clearance kinetics of (99m)Tc-2PEG(4)-dimer and (99m)Tc-3PEG(4)-dimer from noncancerous organs. It was also found that there was a linear relationship between the tumor size and radiotracer tumor uptake expressed as %ID (percentage of the injected dose) in U87MG glioma and MDA-MB-435 breast tumor models. The blocking experiment showed that the tumor uptake of (99m)Tc-2PEG(4)-dimer is integrin alpha(v)beta(3)-mediated. In the metabolism study, (99m)Tc-2PEG(4)-dimer had high metabolic stability during its excretion from renal and hepatobiliary routes. (99m)Tc-3PEG(4)-dimer also remained intact during thee excretion from the renal route, but, had approximately 30% metabolism during the excretion from the hepatobiliary route. Planar imaging studies in U87MG glioma and MDA-MB-435 breast tumor models showed that the tumors of approximately 5 mm in diameter could be readily visualized with excellent contrast. Thus, (99m)Tc-3PEG(4)-dimer is a very promising radiotracer for the early detection of integrin alpha(v)beta(3)-positive tumors, and may have the potential for noninvasive monitoring of tumor growth or treatment efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijun Wang
- School of Health Sciences, Purdue University, IN 47907, USA
| | - Jiyun Shi
- School of Health Sciences, Purdue University, IN 47907, USA
| | | | - Shizhen Zhai
- School of Health Sciences, Purdue University, IN 47907, USA
| | - Bing Jia
- Medical Isotopes Research Center, Peking University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Huiyun Zhao
- Medical Isotopes Research Center, Peking University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Zhaofei Liu
- Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford, Department of Radiology & Bio-X, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Fan Wang
- Medical Isotopes Research Center, Peking University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Xiaoyuan Chen
- Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford, Department of Radiology & Bio-X, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Shuang Liu
- School of Health Sciences, Purdue University, IN 47907, USA
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Shi J, Wang L, Kim YS, Zhai S, Liu Z, Chen X, Liu S. Improving tumor uptake and excretion kinetics of 99mTc-labeled cyclic arginine-glycine-aspartic (RGD) dimers with triglycine linkers. J Med Chem 2008; 51:7980-90. [PMID: 19049428 PMCID: PMC2626178 DOI: 10.1021/jm801134k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
This report describes the synthesis of two new cyclic RGD (Arg-Gly-Asp) dimers, 3 (E[G(3)-c(RGDfK)](2)) and 4 (G(3)-E[G(3)-c(RGDfK)](2)), and their corresponding conjugates 5 (HYNIC-E[G(3)-c(RGDfK)](2): HYNIC = 6-(2-(2-sulfonatobenzaldehyde)hydrazono)nicotinyl) and 6 (HYNIC-G(3)-E[G(3)-c(RGDfK)](2)). Integrin alpha(v)beta(3) binding affinities of 5 and 6 were determined by displacement of (125)I-echistatin bound to U87MG glioma cells. (99)(m)Tc complexes 7 ([(99m)Tc(5)(tricine)(TPPTS)]: TPPTS = trisodium triphenylphosphine-3,3',3''-trisulfonate) and 8 ([(99m)Tc(6)(tricine)(TPPTS)]) were prepared in high yield and high specific activity. Biodistribution and imaging studies were performed in athymic nude mice bearing U87MG glioma and MDA-MB-435 breast cancer xenografts. It was found that G(3) linkers are particularly useful for increasing integrin alpha(v)beta(3) binding affinity of cyclic RGD dimers and improving the tumor uptake and clearance kinetic of their (99)(m)Tc radiotracers. Complex 8 is a very promising radiotracer for the early detection of integrin alpha(v)beta(3)-positive tumors and may have the potential for noninvasive monitoring of tumor growth or shrinkage during antiangiogenic treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiyun Shi
- School of Health Sciences, Purdue University, IN 47907, USA
| | - Lijun Wang
- School of Health Sciences, Purdue University, IN 47907, USA
| | | | - Shizhen Zhai
- School of Health Sciences, Purdue University, IN 47907, USA
| | - Zhaofei Liu
- Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford, Department of Radiology & Bio-X, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Xiaoyuan Chen
- Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford, Department of Radiology & Bio-X, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Shuang Liu
- School of Health Sciences, Purdue University, IN 47907, USA
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Surfraz MBU, Biagini SCG, Blower PJ. A technetium intermediate specifically promotes deprotection of trifluoroacetyl HYNIC during radiolabelling under mild conditions. Dalton Trans 2008:2920-2. [PMID: 18493625 DOI: 10.1039/b805110k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The trifluoroacetyl group protects the nucleophilic HYNIC from unwanted side reactions yet allows radiolabelling with technetium-99m under mild conditions, due to efficient and specific promotion of deprotection by a technetium complex intermediate.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Bashir-Uddin Surfraz
- Cancer Research Group, Department of Biosciences, University of Kent, Canterbury, Kent CT2 7NJ, UK
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37
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Luo QY, Wang F, Zhang ZY, Zhang Y, Lu HK, Sun SH, Zhu RS. Preparation and bioevaluation of 99mTc-HYNIC-annexin B1 as a novel radioligand for apoptosis imaging. Apoptosis 2008; 13:600-8. [DOI: 10.1007/s10495-008-0189-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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38
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Gandomkar M, Najafi R, Shafiei M, Ebrahimi SES. Confirmation of hydrazone formation in HYNIC-peptide conjugate preparation, and its hydrolysis during labeling with 99mTc. Appl Radiat Isot 2007; 65:805-8. [PMID: 17467277 DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2007.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2006] [Revised: 02/14/2007] [Accepted: 03/07/2007] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Because of its monodenticity, 6-hydrazinopyridine-3-carboxylic acid (HYNIC) is of interest as a bifunctional chelator for labeling peptide with (99m)Tc. Here, we confirm the formation of hydrazone in HYNIC-conjugated peptide. The preparative HPLC was used to purify the HYNIC conjugated somatostatin-based peptide and the result showed two peaks, even after two consecutive purifications. Analysis of these peaks by mass spectrometry indicated the presence of hydrazone, produced during preparation conjugate. Further, we have shown that presence of hydrazone really does not matter because under (99m)Tc-labeling conditions, hydrazone is hydrolyzed back to HYNIC that then chelates (99m)Tc. A HYNIC-peptide conjugate freeze-dried kit was also prepared in a mildly acidic or neutral condition with a final pH of 6-7. The kit was then labeled by (99m)Tc and incubated in 100 degrees C for 10min, and a labeling yield of >95% was obtained.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Gandomkar
- Radioisotope Division, Nuclear Research Center, Atomic Energy Organization of Iran, Tehran, Iran.
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39
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Surfraz MBU, King R, Mather SJ, Biagini SCG, Blower PJ. Trifluoroacetyl-HYNIC peptides: synthesis and 99mTc radiolabeling. J Med Chem 2007; 50:1418-22. [PMID: 17315986 DOI: 10.1021/jm061274l] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Fmoc-lys(HYNIC-Boc)-OH, a precursor for solid-phase synthesis of 99mTc-labeled peptides, was synthesized efficiently without HPLC purification. HPLC-ESMS showed that deprotection and decoupling of peptide from the resin with trifluoroacetic acid gave initially HYNIC-peptide, which was trifluoroacetylated upon prolonged incubation. The trifluoroacetyl-HYNIC group was hydrolyzed during 99mTc labeling, rendering deprotection unnecessary. Trifluoroacetyl-HYNIC peptide was 99mTc-labeled as efficiently, producing the same product, as HYNIC-peptide. These modifications enhance the versatility of HYNIC for 99mTc peptide labeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Bashir-Uddin Surfraz
- Cancer Research Group, Department of Biosciences, University of Kent, Canterbury, Kent CT2 7NJ, United Kingdom
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Liu S, He Z, Hsieh WY, Kim YS, Jiang Y. Impact of PKM linkers on biodistribution characteristics of the 99mTc-labeled cyclic RGDfK dimer. Bioconjug Chem 2006; 17:1499-507. [PMID: 17105229 PMCID: PMC2562319 DOI: 10.1021/bc060235l] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
This report describes synthesis of three new cyclic RGDfK peptide conjugates, HYNIC-PKM-SU016 (PKM = E, K and PEG4) and in vivo evaluation of the impact of PKM linkers on biodistribution characteristics of their ternary ligand complexes [99mTc(HYNIC-PKM-SU016)1(tricine)(TPPTS)] in athymic nude mice bearing the MDA-MB-435 human breast cancer xenografts. Results from biodistribution studies show that PKM linkers have minimal impact on the integrin alphavbeta3 binding capability of radiotracers. Even though they have different charges under physiological conditions, all three linkers (E, K, and PEG4) are able to reduce the uptake of 99mTc-labeled E[c(RGDfK)]2 in blood, kidneys, liver, and lungs, and increase target-to-background (T/B) ratios at >30 min postinjection. E and K may have advantages over PEG4 due to a combination of relatively low liver uptake and high tumor/liver and tumor/lung ratios of ternary ligand complexes [99mTc(HYNIC-PKM-SU016)(tricine)(TPPTS)] (PKM = E and K).
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Liu
- School of Health Sciences, Purdue University, 550 Stadium Mall Drive, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA.
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Bruus-Jensen K, Poethko T, Schottelius M, Hauser A, Schwaiger M, Wester HJ. Chemoselective hydrazone formation between HYNIC-functionalized peptides and (18)F-fluorinated aldehydes. Nucl Med Biol 2006; 33:173-83. [PMID: 16546671 DOI: 10.1016/j.nucmedbio.2005.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2005] [Revised: 10/13/2005] [Accepted: 10/17/2005] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Since the demand for (18)F-fluorinated peptides for quantitative in vivo receptor imaging using PET has increased, a new chemoselective two-step (18)F-labeling strategy based on hydrazone formation between an unprotected hydrazine-functionalized peptide and an (18)F-labeled aldehyde was developed. METHODS First, 4-[(18)F]fluorobenzaldehyde ([(18)F]FB-CHO) was prepared from 4-formyl-N,N,N-trimethylanilinium triflate via direct no-carrier-added (18)F-fluorination (dimethyl sulfoxide, 90 degrees C, 5 min) and purified by RP-HPLC. Hydrazone formation between [(18)F]FB-CHO and 6-hydrazinonicotinic acid (HYNIC) and the unprotected HYNIC-functionalized peptides (HYNIC-d-Phe(1))-Tyr(3)-Thr(8)-octreotide and (HYNIC-Arg(1))-substance P was evaluated with respect to the dependence of radiochemical yield on pH, precursor concentration and temperature. The stability of [(18)F]FB-CH=N-HYNIC-Tyr(3)-Thr(8)(NH(2))-octreotide in aqueous solution at various pH (4.0, 5.5 and 7.5) as well as the in vivo stability of [(18)F]FB-CH=N-HYNIC-Tyr(3)-Thr(8)-octreotide in mouse blood (30 min p.i.) was investigated. RESULTS Yields of the hydrazone formation were independent of pH between pH 0.5 and 5.5. Optimal labeling yields of 85% were obtained with a precursor concentration of 2.1 mM at 70 degrees C for 10 min. The labeling products were stable at pH 7.5 at 37 degrees C, while in more acidic media (pH 4.0) the product slowly decomposed to form up to 31+/-2% [(18)F]FB-CHO within 5 h. Metabolite studies showed no detectable degradation of [(18)F]FB-CH=N-HYNIC-Tyr(3)-Thr(8)-octreotide in mouse blood (30 min p.i.). CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, chemoselective hydrazone formation between unprotected HYNIC-functionalized peptides and [(18)F]FB-CHO is a fast and straightforward radiolabeling method leading to high yields under mild acidic conditions. In addition, it represents a powerful and versatile radiolabeling strategy that is applicable to a variety of radionuclides and peptide precursors already available for (99m)Tc labeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kjerstin Bruus-Jensen
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technischen Universität München, D-81675 Munich, Germany
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Broekema M, van Eerd JJEM, Oyen WJG, Corstens FHM, Liskamp RMJ, Boerman OC, Harris TD. Synthesis of Leukotriene B4 Antagonists Labeled with In-111 or Tc-99m to Image Infectious and Inflammatory Foci. J Med Chem 2005; 48:6442-53. [PMID: 16190770 DOI: 10.1021/jm050383h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
In previous studies we demonstrated that lipophilic (99m)Tc-labeled LTB4 antagonist 1 (RP517) accumulated in infectious foci in rabbits, but hepatobiliary clearance hampered imaging of abdominal lesions. We now report the use of cysteic acid as a pharmacokinetic modifier to improve the water solubility and renal clearance of three hydrophilic analogues of 1. Divalent LTB4 antagonist 17 (DPC11870-11) is a DTPA conjugate for radiolabeling with In-111. Monovalent LTB4 antagonists 15 (BMS57868-88) and divalent LTB4 antagonist 18 (BMS57868-81) are conjugated to bifunctional chelator HYNIC for radiolabeling with (99m)Tc. The three compounds labeled efficiently with 111In or (99m)Tc with high radiochemical purity and specific activities. Scintigraphic images obtained in New Zealand White rabbits having acute intramuscular E. coli infection demonstrated that all agents were able to clearly visualize the abscess, and clearance was exclusively renal. The biodistribution of the (99m)Tc-labeled LTB4 antagonists was affected by the coligands used with the HYNIC chelator and by the monovalent or divalent nature of the receptor binding moiety. The best scintigraphic images were obtained with monovalent HYNIC conjugate 15 using tricine and isonicotinic acid as coligands with HYNIC for coordination with (99m)Tc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Broekema
- Bristol-Myers Squibb Medical Imaging, North Billerica, Massachusetts 01862, USA
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Guggenberg EV, Mikolajczak R, Janota B, Riccabona G, Decristoforo C. Radiopharmaceutical development of a freeze-dried kit formulation for the preparation of [99mTc-EDDA-HYNIC-D-Phe1, Tyr3]-octreotide, a somatostatin analog for tumor diagnosis. J Pharm Sci 2005; 93:2497-506. [PMID: 15349959 DOI: 10.1002/jps.20148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
[(99m)Tc-EDDA-HYNIC-D-Phe(1),Tyr(3)]-Octreotide ((99m)Tc-EDDA/HYNIC-TOC) is a promising new radiopharmaceutical with the potential to replace [(111)In-DTPA-D-Phe(1)]-Octreotide ((111)In-DTPA-OCT) as the radiopharmaceutical for somatostatin receptor scintigraphy due to the advantage of improved image quality, lower radiation dose for the patient, and daily availability. Here we describe the development of a freeze-dried kit formulation based on the Tricine/EDDA exchange labeling approach for the preparation of this radiopharmaceutical in a clinical setting. Three parameters were of major importance to achieve a suitable formulation with a radiochemical purity (RCP) >90%: addition of bulking agent, the pH of the freeze-drying solution, and the content of stannous chloride. The final formulation consisted of 20 mg Tricine, 10 mg EDDA, 50 mg Mannitol, 20 microg SnCl(2). 2H(2)O, and 20 microg [HYNIC-D-Phe(1), Tyr(3)]-Octreotide (HYNIC-TOC). Radiolabeling was performed by addition of 0.2 M Na(2)HPO(4) to adjust the pH to 6-7, followed by 0.5-2 GBq (99m)Tc sodium pertechnetate, in a total volume of 2 mL and incubation for 10 min in a boiling water bath. Mean RCP values of 10 batches showed values >90% over a storage period of up to 1 year, a high stability up to 24 h of the final preparation, and retained biological activity. The developed kit formulation forms the basis for further clinical evaluation of this promising new radiopharmaceutical.
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El Ashry ESH, Abdul-Ghani MM. Reaction of sugars with 2-hydrazinopyridine, precursors for seco C-nucleosides of 1,2,4-triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine. NUCLEOSIDES NUCLEOTIDES & NUCLEIC ACIDS 2004; 23:567-80. [PMID: 15113024 DOI: 10.1081/ncn-120030715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Reaction of 2-hydrazinopyridine (1) with D-xylose, D-galactose, D-glucose and D-fructose afforded the corresponding hydrazones mainly in the acyclic forms 2, 3, 6 and 11 with minor amounts of the cyclic structures. Oxidative cyclization of the hydrazones with bromine in methanol resulted in the formation of the 3-(polyhydroxyalkyl)-1,2,4-triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine derivatives 13-15 whose acetylation afforded the acetylated derivatives 16-18. Assignment of 1D and 2D NMR spectral data in addition to 15N NMR experiments led to complete characterization of the products.
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Affiliation(s)
- E S H El Ashry
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt.
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Greenland WEP, Howland K, Hardy J, Fogelman I, Blower PJ. Solid-phase synthesis of peptide radiopharmaceuticals using Fmoc-N-epsilon-(hynic-Boc)-lysine, a technetium-binding amino acid: application to Tc-99m-labeled salmon calcitonin. J Med Chem 2003; 46:1751-7. [PMID: 12699393 DOI: 10.1021/jm030761n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Labeling of proteins with metallic radionuclides for use in radiopharmaceuticals involves covalently attaching a bifunctional chelator. In principle, use of smaller peptides allows this chelator to be incorporated during solid-phase peptide synthesis (SPPS) with total site specificity. To realize the advantages of this approach, a lysine-hynic conjugate Fmoc-N-epsilon-(Hynic-Boc)-Lys was synthesized for incorporating the well-known technetium-99m-binding hydrazinonicotinamide ligand into peptides during SPPS. It was used to synthesize a technetium-99m-labeled salmon calcitonin with the hynic-linked amino acid in place of lysine-18. A trifluoroacetate group protected the hynic during alkaline oxidation to the cyclic disulfide and was readily removed by mild acid treatment. The peptide was efficiently labeled (91-98% radiochemical yield) with Tc-99m in the presence of tricine and SnCl(2) with high specific activity (>100 MBq/microg). The product showed good serum stability and specific affinity for human calcitonin receptors. Fmoc-N-epsilon-(Hynic-Boc)-Lys is a highly versatile technetium-binding amino acid for incorporation into peptides during SPPS. This allows total flexibility and control in the site of attachment and is suitable for a combinatorial approach to peptide radiopharmaceuticals.
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Abstract
The past several years have seen marked advances in technetium/rhenium chemistry applicable to the preparation of new 99mTc-labeled radiopharmaceuticals. This article focuses on recent developments in technetium chemistry, including the preparation of "3 + 1" complexes, the preparation and use of (99mTc[CO]3)+ complexes for labeling biomolecules, the preparation of rhenium steroid inclusion complexes, improvements in both hydrazinonicotinamide labeling chemistry and in the preformed 99mTc complex method of labeling biomolecules, and new solid-phase separation techniques that may allow the isolation of high specific-activity radiopharmaceuticals in a clinical setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- R C Mease
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore 21201, USA
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Arterburn JB, Rao KV, Ramdas R, Dible BR. Catalytic Amination of 2-Substituted Pyridines with Hydrazine Derivatives. Org Lett 2001; 3:1351-4. [PMID: 11348232 DOI: 10.1021/ol015731y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
[reaction in text] Protected pyridylhydrazine derivatives were prepared in a one-step palladium-catalyzed amination reaction using chelating phosphine ligands. 2-Pyridyl chlorides, bromides, and triflates were effective electrophiles in these reactions. Di-tert-butyl hydrazodiformate was an excellent hydrazine substrate, and the resulting products were deprotected under mild conditions. Catalytic amination provides a direct route to protected bifunctional hydrazinopyridine linkers that are suitable for metal-bioconjugate syntheses.
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Affiliation(s)
- J B Arterburn
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, MSC 3C, New Mexico State University, P.O. Box 30001, Las Cruces, New Mexico 88003, USA.
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