1
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Grad P, Edwards K, Gedda L, Agmo Hernández V. A closer look at calcium-induced interactions between phosphatidylserine-(PS) doped liposomes and the structural effects caused by inclusion of gangliosides or polyethylene glycol- (PEG) modified lipids. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA. BIOMEMBRANES 2024; 1866:184253. [PMID: 37979667 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2023.184253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Revised: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/11/2023] [Indexed: 11/20/2023]
Abstract
The effects of polyethylene glycol- (PEG) modified lipids and gangliosides on the Ca2+ induced interaction between liposomes composed of palmitoyl-oleoyl phosphatidylethanolamine (POPE) and palmitoyl-oleoyl phosphatidylserine (POPS) was investigated at physiological ionic strength. Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) studies complemented with dynamic light scattering (DLS) and cryo-transmission electron microscopy (Cryo-EM) show that naked liposomes tend to adhere, rupture, and collapse on each other's surfaces upon addition of Ca2+, eventually resulting in the formation of large multilamellar aggregates and bilayer sheets. Noteworthy, the presence of gangliosides or PEGylated lipids does not prevent the adhesion-rupture process, but leads to the formation of small, long-lived bilayer fragments/disks. PEGylated lipids seem to be more effective than gangliosides at stabilizing these structures. Attractive interactions arising from ion correlation are proposed to be a driving force for the liposome-liposome adhesion and rupture processes. The results suggest that, in contrast with the conclusions drawn from previous solely FRET-based studies, direct liposome-liposome fusion is not the dominating process triggered by Ca2+ in the systems studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philipp Grad
- Department of Chemistry-Ångström, Uppsala University, Box 573, 75123 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Katarina Edwards
- Department of Chemistry-Ångström, Uppsala University, Box 573, 75123 Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Lars Gedda
- Department of Chemistry-Ångström, Uppsala University, Box 573, 75123 Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Víctor Agmo Hernández
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Uppsala University, Box 574, 75123 Uppsala, Sweden.
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2
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John R, Monpara J, Swaminathan S, Kalhapure R. Chemistry and Art of Developing Lipid Nanoparticles for Biologics Delivery: Focus on Development and Scale-Up. Pharmaceutics 2024; 16:131. [PMID: 38276502 PMCID: PMC10819224 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics16010131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2023] [Revised: 01/14/2024] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) have gained prominence as primary carriers for delivering a diverse array of therapeutic agents. Biological products have achieved a solid presence in clinical settings, and the anticipation of creating novel variants is increasing. These products predominantly encompass therapeutic proteins, nucleic acids and messenger RNA. The advancement of efficient LNP-based delivery systems for biologics that can overcome their limitations remains a highly favorable formulation strategy. Moreover, given their small size, biocompatibility, and biodegradation, LNPs can proficiently transport therapeutic moiety into the cells without significant toxicity and adverse reactions. This is especially crucial for the existing and upcoming biopharmaceuticals since large molecules as a group present several challenges that can be overcome by LNPs. This review describes the LNP technology for the delivery of biologics and summarizes the developments in the chemistry, manufacturing, and characterization of lipids used in the development of LNPs for biologics. Finally, we present a perspective on the potential opportunities and the current challenges pertaining to LNP technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rijo John
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Philadelphia College of Pharmacy, Saint Joseph’s University, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; (R.J.); (J.M.)
| | - Jasmin Monpara
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Philadelphia College of Pharmacy, Saint Joseph’s University, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; (R.J.); (J.M.)
| | - Shankar Swaminathan
- Drug Product Development, Astellas Institute of Regenerative Medicine, Westborough, MA 01581, USA;
| | - Rahul Kalhapure
- Discipline of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag X54001, Durban 4000, South Africa
- Odin Pharmaceuticals LLC, 300 Franklin Square Dr, Somerset, NJ 08873, USA
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3
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Pyne S, Pyne P, Mitra RK. The explicit role of interfacial hydration during polyethylene glycol induced lipid fusion: a THz spectroscopic investigation. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2023; 25:31326-31334. [PMID: 37960951 DOI: 10.1039/d3cp04868c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
While the phenomenon of excipient mediated membrane fusion has been studied widely, the inherent role of interfacial hydration involved in the process has mostly remained unaddressed. Here we report the experimental validation of the fact that PEG-induced membrane fusion is associated with the dehydration of the membrane(s). We explore the explicit hydration behavior at three different lipids (DOPC, POPC and DPPC) membranes with different aliphatic tails as they undergo fusogenic transition in the presence of PEG of average molecular weight of 4000 using THz-FTIR spectroscopy in the frequency window of 1.5-13.5 THz. Dynamic light scattering and electron microscopic measurements confirm the formation of different intermediate steps of the liposomes during the fusion process: bilayer aggregation, destabilization and finally lipid fusion. We observe that membrane hydration follows a systematic trend with the lipid specificity as the fusion process sets in.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumana Pyne
- Department of Chemical and Biological Sciences, S N Bose National Centre for Basic Sciences, Block JD, Sector III, Salt Lake, Kolkata 700106, India.
| | - Partha Pyne
- Department of Chemical and Biological Sciences, S N Bose National Centre for Basic Sciences, Block JD, Sector III, Salt Lake, Kolkata 700106, India.
| | - Rajib Kumar Mitra
- Department of Chemical and Biological Sciences, S N Bose National Centre for Basic Sciences, Block JD, Sector III, Salt Lake, Kolkata 700106, India.
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4
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Zhang W, Jiang Y, He Y, Boucetta H, Wu J, Chen Z, He W. Lipid carriers for mRNA delivery. Acta Pharm Sin B 2023; 13:4105-4126. [PMID: 37799378 PMCID: PMC10547918 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2022.11.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2022] [Revised: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Messenger RNA (mRNA) is the template for protein biosynthesis and is emerging as an essential active molecule to combat various diseases, including viral infection and cancer. Especially, mRNA-based vaccines, as a new type of vaccine, have played a leading role in fighting against the current global pandemic of COVID-19. However, the inherent drawbacks, including large size, negative charge, and instability, hinder its use as a therapeutic agent. Lipid carriers are distinguishable and promising vehicles for mRNA delivery, owning the capacity to encapsulate and deliver negatively charged drugs to the targeted tissues and release cargoes at the desired time. Here, we first summarized the structure and properties of different lipid carriers, such as liposomes, liposome-like nanoparticles, solid lipid nanoparticles, lipid-polymer hybrid nanoparticles, nanoemulsions, exosomes and lipoprotein particles, and their applications in delivering mRNA. Then, the development of lipid-based formulations as vaccine delivery systems was discussed and highlighted. Recent advancements in the mRNA vaccine of COVID-19 were emphasized. Finally, we described our future vision and perspectives in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanting Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Yuxin Jiang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Yonglong He
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Hamza Boucetta
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Jun Wu
- Department of Geriatric Cardiology, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Zhongjian Chen
- Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200443, China
| | - Wei He
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
- Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200443, China
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5
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Korzun T, Moses AS, Diba P, Sattler AL, Taratula OR, Sahay G, Taratula O, Marks DL. From Bench to Bedside: Implications of Lipid Nanoparticle Carrier Reactogenicity for Advancing Nucleic Acid Therapeutics. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:1088. [PMID: 37631003 PMCID: PMC10459564 DOI: 10.3390/ph16081088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Revised: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
In biomedical applications, nanomaterial-based delivery vehicles, such as lipid nanoparticles, have emerged as promising instruments for improving the solubility, stability, and encapsulation of various payloads. This article provides a formal review focusing on the reactogenicity of empty lipid nanoparticles used as delivery vehicles, specifically emphasizing their application in mRNA-based therapies. Reactogenicity refers to the adverse immune responses triggered by xenobiotics, including administered lipid nanoparticles, which can lead to undesirable therapeutic outcomes. The key components of lipid nanoparticles, which include ionizable lipids and PEG-lipids, have been identified as significant contributors to their reactogenicity. Therefore, understanding the relationship between lipid nanoparticles, their structural constituents, cytokine production, and resultant reactogenic outcomes is essential to ensure the safe and effective application of lipid nanoparticles in mRNA-based therapies. Although efforts have been made to minimize these adverse reactions, further research and standardization are imperative. By closely monitoring cytokine profiles and assessing reactogenic manifestations through preclinical and clinical studies, researchers can gain valuable insights into the reactogenic effects of lipid nanoparticles and develop strategies to mitigate undesirable reactions. This comprehensive review underscores the importance of investigating lipid nanoparticle reactogenicity and its implications for the development of mRNA-lipid nanoparticle therapeutics in various applications beyond vaccine development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tetiana Korzun
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Oregon State University, 2730 S Moody Avenue, Portland, OR 97201, USA; (T.K.)
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Oregon Health & Science University, 3303 SW Bond Avenue, Portland, OR 97239, USA
- Medical Scientist Training Program, Oregon Health & Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Road, Portland, OR 97239, USA
- Papé Family Pediatric Research Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Rd, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Abraham S. Moses
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Oregon State University, 2730 S Moody Avenue, Portland, OR 97201, USA; (T.K.)
| | - Parham Diba
- Medical Scientist Training Program, Oregon Health & Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Road, Portland, OR 97239, USA
- Papé Family Pediatric Research Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Rd, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Ariana L. Sattler
- Papé Family Pediatric Research Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Rd, Portland, OR 97239, USA
- Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, 2720 S Moody Avenue, Portland, OR 97201, USA
- Brenden-Colson Center for Pancreatic Care, Oregon Health & Science University, 2730 S Moody Avenue, Portland, OR 97201, USA
| | - Olena R. Taratula
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Oregon State University, 2730 S Moody Avenue, Portland, OR 97201, USA; (T.K.)
| | - Gaurav Sahay
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Oregon State University, 2730 S Moody Avenue, Portland, OR 97201, USA; (T.K.)
| | - Oleh Taratula
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Oregon State University, 2730 S Moody Avenue, Portland, OR 97201, USA; (T.K.)
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Oregon Health & Science University, 3303 SW Bond Avenue, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Daniel L. Marks
- Papé Family Pediatric Research Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Rd, Portland, OR 97239, USA
- Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, 2720 S Moody Avenue, Portland, OR 97201, USA
- Brenden-Colson Center for Pancreatic Care, Oregon Health & Science University, 2730 S Moody Avenue, Portland, OR 97201, USA
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6
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Tenchov R, Sasso JM, Zhou QA. PEGylated Lipid Nanoparticle Formulations: Immunological Safety and Efficiency Perspective. Bioconjug Chem 2023. [PMID: 37162501 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.3c00174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) have been recognized as efficient vehicles to transport a large variety of therapeutics. Currently in the spotlight as important constituents of the COVID-19 mRNA vaccines, LNPs play a significant role in protecting and transporting mRNA to cells. As one of their key constituents, polyethylene glycol (PEG)-lipid conjugates are important in defining LNP physicochemical characteristics and biological activity. PEGylation has proven particularly efficient in conferring longer systemic circulation of LNPs, thus greatly improving their pharmacokinetics and efficiency. Along with revealing the benefits of PEG conjugates, studies have revealed unexpected immune reactions against PEGylated nanocarriers such as accelerated blood clearance (ABC), involving the production of anti-PEG antibodies at initial injection, which initiates accelerated blood clearance upon subsequent injections, as well as a hypersensitivity reaction referred to as complement activation-related pseudoallergy (CARPA). Further, data have been accumulated indicating consistent yet sometimes controversial correlations between various structural parameters of the PEG-lipids, the properties of the PEGylated LNPs, and the magnitude of the observed adverse effects. Detailed knowledge and comprehension of such correlations are of foremost importance in the efforts to diminish and eliminate the undesirable immune reactions and improve the safety and efficiency of the PEGylated medicines. Here, we present an overview based on analysis of data from the CAS Content Collection regarding the PEGylated LNP immunogenicity and overall safety concerns. A comprehensive summary has been compiled outlining how various structural parameters of the PEG-lipids affect the immune responses and activities of the LNPs, with regards to their efficiency in drug delivery. This Review is thus intended to serve as a helpful resource in understanding the current knowledge in the field, in an effort to further solve the remaining challenges and to achieve full potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rumiana Tenchov
- CAS, a division of the American Chemical Society, 2540 Olentangy River Road, Columbus, Ohio 43202, United States
| | - Janet M Sasso
- CAS, a division of the American Chemical Society, 2540 Olentangy River Road, Columbus, Ohio 43202, United States
| | - Qiongqiong Angela Zhou
- CAS, a division of the American Chemical Society, 2540 Olentangy River Road, Columbus, Ohio 43202, United States
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7
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Fulton MD, Najahi-Missaoui W. Liposomes in Cancer Therapy: How Did We Start and Where Are We Now. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24076615. [PMID: 37047585 PMCID: PMC10095497 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24076615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Since their first discovery in the 1960s by Alec Bangham, liposomes have been shown to be effective drug delivery systems for treating various cancers. Several liposome-based formulations received approval by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and European Medicines Agency (EMA), with many others in clinical trials. Liposomes have several advantages, including improved pharmacokinetic properties of the encapsulated drug, reduced systemic toxicity, extended circulation time, and targeted disposition in tumor sites due to the enhanced permeability and retention (EPR) mechanism. However, it is worth noting that despite their efficacy in treating various cancers, liposomes still have some potential toxicity and lack specific targeting and disposition. This explains, in part, why their translation into the clinic has progressed only incrementally, which poses the need for more research to focus on addressing such translational limitations. This review summarizes the main properties of liposomes, their current status in cancer therapy, and their limitations and challenges to achieving maximal therapeutic efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melody D. Fulton
- Department of Chemistry, College of Arts and Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA
| | - Wided Najahi-Missaoui
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
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8
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Vogelaar A, Marcotte S, Cheng J, Oluoch B, Zaro J. Use of Microfluidics to Prepare Lipid-Based Nanocarriers. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15041053. [PMID: 37111539 PMCID: PMC10144662 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15041053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Revised: 03/18/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Lipid-based nanoparticles (LBNPs) are an important tool for the delivery of a diverse set of drug cargoes, including small molecules, oligonucleotides, and proteins and peptides. Despite their development over the past several decades, this technology is still hindered by issues with the manufacturing processes leading to high polydispersity, batch-to-batch and operator-dependent variability, and limits to the production volumes. To overcome these issues, the use of microfluidic techniques in the production of LBNPs has sharply increased over the past two years. Microfluidics overcomes many of the pitfalls seen with conventional production methods, leading to reproducible LBNPs at lower costs and higher yields. In this review, the use of microfluidics in the preparation of various types of LBNPs, including liposomes, lipid nanoparticles, and solid lipid nanoparticles for the delivery of small molecules, oligonucleotides, and peptide/protein drugs is summarized. Various microfluidic parameters, as well as their effects on the physicochemical properties of LBNPs, are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alicia Vogelaar
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, USC Alfred E. Mann School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Samantha Marcotte
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, USC Alfred E. Mann School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Jiaqi Cheng
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, USC Alfred E. Mann School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Benazir Oluoch
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, USC Alfred E. Mann School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Jennica Zaro
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, USC Alfred E. Mann School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
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9
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Shi S, Fan H, Hoernke M. Leaky membrane fusion: an ambivalent effect induced by antimicrobial polycations. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2022; 4:5109-5122. [PMID: 36504745 PMCID: PMC9680940 DOI: 10.1039/d2na00464j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Both antimicrobial peptides and their synthetic mimics are potential alternatives to classical antibiotics. They can induce several membrane perturbations including permeabilization. Especially in model studies, aggregation of vesicles by such polycations is often reported. Here, we show that unintended vesicle aggregation or indeed fusion can cause apparent leakage in model studies that is not possible in most microbes, thus potentially leading to misinterpretations. The interactions of a highly charged and highly selective membrane-active polycation with negatively charged phosphatidylethanolamine/phosphatidylglycerol (PE/PG) vesicles are studied by a combination of biophysical methods. At low polycation concentrations, apparent vesicle aggregation was found to involve exchange of lipids. Upon neutralization of the negatively charged vesicles by the polycation, full fusion and leakage occurred and leaky fusion is suspected. To elucidate the interplay of leakage and fusion, we prevented membrane contacts by decorating the vesicles with PEG-chains. This inhibited fusion and also leakage activity. Leaky fusion is further corroborated by increased leakage with increasing likeliness of vesicle-vesicle contacts. Because of its similar appearance to other leakage mechanisms, leaky fusion is difficult to identify and might be overlooked and more common amongst polycationic membrane-active compounds. Regarding biological activity, leaky fusion needs to be carefully distinguished from other membrane permeabilization mechanisms, as it may be less relevant to bacteria, but potentially relevant for fungi. Furthermore, leaky fusion is an interesting effect that could help in endosomal escape for drug delivery. A comprehensive step-by-step protocol for membrane permeabilization/vesicle leakage using calcein fluorescence lifetime is provided in the ESI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Shi
- Chemistry and Pharmacy, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität 79104 Freiburg i.Br. Germany
| | - Helen Fan
- Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto Toronto Canada
| | - Maria Hoernke
- Chemistry and Pharmacy, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität 79104 Freiburg i.Br. Germany
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10
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Mitochondrion, lysosome, and endoplasmic reticulum: Which is the best target for phototherapy? J Control Release 2022; 351:692-702. [PMID: 36150580 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2022.09.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2022] [Revised: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a robust cancer treatment modality, and the precise spatiotemporal control of its subcellular action site is crucial for its effectiveness. However, accurate comparison of the efficacy of different organelle-targeted PDT approaches is challenging since it is difficult to find a single system that can achieve separate targeting of different organelles with separable time windows and similar binding amounts. Herein, we conjugated chlorin e6 (Ce6) with 1,2-distearoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine-N-[amino(polyethylene glycol)-5000] (ammonium salt) (DSPE-PEG5000-NH2) to afford DSPE-PEG-Ce6, which could migrate from mitochondrion to lysosome and ultimately to endoplasmic reticulum (ER) after cellular internalization. Benefiting from the dynamic subcellular distribution of DSPE-PEG-Ce6 with tunable organelle-binding amounts, we accurately determined the PDT efficacy order of the molecule, i.e., mitochondrion > ER > lysosome. This work proposes an ideal model system for accurately evaluating the specific organelle-targeted PDT efficacy and may promote the future development of effective PDT strategies.
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11
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Hald Albertsen C, Kulkarni JA, Witzigmann D, Lind M, Petersson K, Simonsen JB. The role of lipid components in lipid nanoparticles for vaccines and gene therapy. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2022; 188:114416. [PMID: 35787388 PMCID: PMC9250827 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2022.114416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 196] [Impact Index Per Article: 98.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Revised: 06/03/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) play an important role in mRNA vaccines against COVID-19. In addition, many preclinical and clinical studies, including the siRNA-LNP product, Onpattro®, highlight that LNPs unlock the potential of nucleic acid-based therapies and vaccines. To understand what is key to the success of LNPs, we need to understand the role of the building blocks that constitute them. In this Review, we discuss what each lipid component adds to the LNP delivery platform in terms of size, structure, stability, apparent pKa, nucleic acid encapsulation efficiency, cellular uptake, and endosomal escape. To explore this, we present findings from the liposome field as well as from landmark and recent articles in the LNP literature. We also discuss challenges and strategies related to in vitro/in vivo studies of LNPs based on fluorescence readouts, immunogenicity/reactogenicity, and LNP delivery beyond the liver. How these fundamental challenges are pursued, including what lipid components are added and combined, will likely determine the scope of LNP-based gene therapies and vaccines for treating various diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camilla Hald Albertsen
- Explorative Formulation & Technologies, CMC Design and Development, LEO Pharma A/S, Industriparken 55, 2750 Ballerup, Denmark
| | - Jayesh A Kulkarni
- NanoVation Therapeutics Inc., 2405 Wesbrook Mall, 4th Floor, Vancouver BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Dominik Witzigmann
- NanoVation Therapeutics Inc., 2405 Wesbrook Mall, 4th Floor, Vancouver BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Marianne Lind
- Explorative Formulation & Technologies, CMC Design and Development, LEO Pharma A/S, Industriparken 55, 2750 Ballerup, Denmark
| | - Karsten Petersson
- Explorative Formulation & Technologies, CMC Design and Development, LEO Pharma A/S, Industriparken 55, 2750 Ballerup, Denmark
| | - Jens B Simonsen
- Explorative Formulation & Technologies, CMC Design and Development, LEO Pharma A/S, Industriparken 55, 2750 Ballerup, Denmark.
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12
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Shi S, Markl AM, Lu Z, Liu R, Hoernke M. Interplay of Fusion, Leakage, and Electrostatic Lipid Clustering: Membrane Perturbations by a Hydrophobic Antimicrobial Polycation. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2022; 38:2379-2391. [PMID: 35148117 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.1c03445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Membrane active compounds are able to induce various types of membrane perturbations. Natural or biomimetic candidates for antimicrobial treatment or drug delivery scenarios are mostly designed and tested for their ability to induce membrane permeabilization, also termed leakage. Furthermore, the interaction of these usually cationic amphiphiles with negatively charged vesicles often causes colloidal instability leading to vesicle aggregation or/and vesicle fusion. We show the interplay of these modes of membrane perturbation in mixed phosphatidyl glycerol (PG)/phosphatidyl ethanolamine (PE) by the statistical copolymer MM:CO comprising, both, charged and hydrophobic subunits. MM:CO is a representative of partially hydrophobic, highly active, but less selective antimicrobial polycations. Cryo-electron microscopy indicates vesicle fusion rather than vesicle aggregation upon the addition of MM:CO to negatively charged PG/PE (1:1) vesicles. In a combination of fluorescence-based leakage and fusion assays, there is support for membrane permeabilization and pronounced vesicle fusion activity as distinct effects. To this end, membrane fusion and aggregation were prevented by including lipids with polyethylene glycol attached to their head groups (PEG-lipids). The leakage activity of MM:CO is very similar in the absence and presence of PEG-lipids. Vesicle aggregation and fusion however are largely suppressed. This strongly suggests that MM:CO induces leakage by asymmetric packing stress because of hydrophobically driven interactions which could lead to leakage. As a further membrane perturbation effect, MM:CO causes lipid clustering in model vesicles. We address potential artifacts and misinterpretations of experiments characterizing leakage and fusion. Additional to the leakage activity, the pronounced fusogenic activity of the polymer and potentially of many other similar compounds likely has implications for antimicrobial activity and beyond.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Shi
- Chemistry and Pharmacy, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität, 79104 Freiburg i.Br., Germany
| | - Anja Madleine Markl
- Chemistry and Pharmacy, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität, 79104 Freiburg i.Br., Germany
| | - Ziyi Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, Research Center for Biomedical Materials of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Runhui Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, Research Center for Biomedical Materials of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Maria Hoernke
- Chemistry and Pharmacy, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität, 79104 Freiburg i.Br., Germany
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13
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Sang R, Stratton B, Engel A, Deng W. Liposome technologies towards colorectal cancer therapeutics. Acta Biomater 2021; 127:24-40. [PMID: 33812076 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2021.03.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2020] [Revised: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common cancer and the fourth most common deadly cancer worldwide. After treatment with curative intent recurrence rates vary with staging 0-13% in Stage 1, 11-61% in S2 and 28-73% in Stage 3. The toxicity to healthy tissues from chemotherapy and radiotherapy and drug resistance severely affect the quality of life and cancer specific outcomes of CRC patients. To overcome some of these limitations, many efforts have been made to develop nanomaterial-based drug delivery systems. Among these nanocarriers, liposomes represented one of the most successful candidates in delivering targeted oncological treatment, improving safety profile and therapeutic efficacy of encapsulated drugs. In this review we will discuss liposome design with a particular focus on the targeting feature and triggering functions. We will also summarise the recent advances in liposomal delivery system for CRC treatment in both the preclinical and clinical studies. We will finally provide our perspectives on the liposome technology development for the future clinical translation. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Conventional treatments for colorectal cancer (CRC) severely affect the therapeutic effects for advanced patients. With the development of nanomedicines, liposomal delivery system appears to be one of the most promising nanocarriers for CRC treatment. In last three years several reviews in this area have been published focusing on the preclinical research and drug delivery function, which is a fairly narrow focus in the field of liposome technology for CRC therapy. Our review presented the most recent advances of the liposome technology (both clinical and preclinical applications) for CRC with strong potential for further clinical translation. We believe it will attract lots of attention from various audiences, including researchers, clinicians and the industry.
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14
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Takagi K, Somiya M, Jung J, Iijima M, Kuroda S. Polymerized Albumin Receptor of Hepatitis B Virus for Evading the Reticuloendothelial System. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:ph14050408. [PMID: 33923102 PMCID: PMC8145202 DOI: 10.3390/ph14050408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2021] [Revised: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Various strategies, such as optimization of surface chemistry, size, shape, and charge, have been undertaken to develop nanoparticles (NPs) as DDS (drug delivery system) nanocarriers for evading the reticuloendothelial system (RES) in vivo. We previously developed a hollow NP composed of hepatitis B virus (HBV) surface antigen L proteins and lipid bilayers, hereinafter referred to as bio-nanocapsule (BNC), as a nonviral DDS nanocarrier. Such a BNC harbors the HBV-derived human hepatic cell-specific infection mechanism, and intravenously injected BNCs by themselves were shown to avoid clearance by RES-rich organs and accumulate in target tissues. In this study, since the surface modification with albumins is known to prolong the circulation time of nanomedicines, we examined whether the polymerized albumin receptor (PAR) of BNCs contributes to RES evasion in mouse liver. Our results show that NPs conjugated with peptides possessing sufficient PAR activity were captured by Kupffer cells less efficiently in vitro and were able to circulate for a longer period of time in vivo. Comparing with polyethylene glycol, PAR peptides were shown to reduce the recognition by RES to equal content. Taken together, our results strongly suggest that the PAR domain of BNCs, as well as HBV, harbors an innate RES evasion mechanism. Therefore, the surface modification with PAR peptides could be an alternative strategy for improving the pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics of forthcoming nanomedicines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kurumi Takagi
- Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan; (K.T.); (M.I.)
| | - Masaharu Somiya
- Department of Biomolecular Science and Reaction, The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research, Osaka University, Osaka 567-0047, Japan;
| | - Joohee Jung
- College of Pharmacy, Duksung Women’s University, Seoul 132-714, Korea;
| | - Masumi Iijima
- Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan; (K.T.); (M.I.)
- Department of Nutritional Science and Food Safety, Faculty of Applied Biosciences, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Tokyo 156-8502, Japan
| | - Shun’ichi Kuroda
- Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan; (K.T.); (M.I.)
- Department of Biomolecular Science and Reaction, The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research, Osaka University, Osaka 567-0047, Japan;
- Correspondence:
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15
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Natarajan P, Tomich JM. Understanding the influence of experimental factors on bio-interactions of nanoparticles: Towards improving correlation between in vitro and in vivo studies. Arch Biochem Biophys 2020; 694:108592. [PMID: 32971033 PMCID: PMC7503072 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2020.108592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Revised: 09/16/2020] [Accepted: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Bionanotechnology has developed rapidly over the past two decades, owing to the extensive and versatile, functionalities and applicability of nanoparticles (NPs). Fifty-one nanomedicines have been approved by FDA since 1995, out of the many NPs based formulations developed to date. The general conformation of NPs consists of a core with ligands coating their surface, that stabilizes them and provides them with added functionalities. The physicochemical properties, especially the surface composition of NPs influence their bio-interactions to a large extent. This review discusses recent studies that help understand the nano-bio interactions of iron oxide and gold NPs with different surface compositions. We discuss the influence of the experimental factors on the outcome of the studies and, thus, the importance of standardization in the field of nanotechnology. Recent studies suggest that with careful selection of experimental parameters, it is possible to improve the positive correlation between in vitro and in vivo studies. This provides a fundamental understanding of the NPs which helps in assessing their potential toxic side effects and may aid in manipulating them further to improve their biocompatibility and biosafety.
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16
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Roces CB, Lou G, Jain N, Abraham S, Thomas A, Halbert GW, Perrie Y. Manufacturing Considerations for the Development of Lipid Nanoparticles Using Microfluidics. Pharmaceutics 2020; 12:E1095. [PMID: 33203082 PMCID: PMC7697682 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics12111095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2020] [Revised: 11/01/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
In the recent of years, the use of lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) for RNA delivery has gained considerable attention, with a large number in the clinical pipeline as vaccine candidates or to treat a wide range of diseases. Microfluidics offers considerable advantages for their manufacture due to its scalability, reproducibility and fast preparation. Thus, in this study, we have evaluated operating and formulation parameters to be considered when developing LNPs. Among them, the flow rate ratio (FRR) and the total flow rate (TFR) have been shown to significantly influence the physicochemical characteristics of the produced particles. In particular, increasing the TFR or increasing the FRR decreased the particle size. The amino lipid choice (cationic-DOTAP and DDAB; ionisable-MC3), buffer choice (citrate buffer pH 6 or TRIS pH 7.4) and type of nucleic acid payload (PolyA, ssDNA or mRNA) have also been shown to have an impact on the characteristics of these LNPs. LNPs were shown to have a high (>90%) loading in all cases and were below 100 nm with a low polydispersity index (≤0.25). The results within this paper could be used as a guide for the development and scalable manufacture of LNP systems using microfluidics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla B. Roces
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, 161 Cathedral Street, Glasgow G4 0RE, UK; (C.B.R.); (G.L.); (G.W.H.)
| | - Gustavo Lou
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, 161 Cathedral Street, Glasgow G4 0RE, UK; (C.B.R.); (G.L.); (G.W.H.)
| | - Nikita Jain
- Precision NanoSystems Inc., #50 655 W Kent Ave N, Vancouver, BC V6P 6T7, Canada; (N.J.); (S.A.); (A.T.)
| | - Suraj Abraham
- Precision NanoSystems Inc., #50 655 W Kent Ave N, Vancouver, BC V6P 6T7, Canada; (N.J.); (S.A.); (A.T.)
| | - Anitha Thomas
- Precision NanoSystems Inc., #50 655 W Kent Ave N, Vancouver, BC V6P 6T7, Canada; (N.J.); (S.A.); (A.T.)
| | - Gavin W. Halbert
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, 161 Cathedral Street, Glasgow G4 0RE, UK; (C.B.R.); (G.L.); (G.W.H.)
| | - Yvonne Perrie
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, 161 Cathedral Street, Glasgow G4 0RE, UK; (C.B.R.); (G.L.); (G.W.H.)
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17
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Niora M, Pedersbæk D, Münter R, Weywadt MFDV, Farhangibarooji Y, Andresen TL, Simonsen JB, Jauffred L. Head-to-Head Comparison of the Penetration Efficiency of Lipid-Based Nanoparticles into Tumor Spheroids. ACS OMEGA 2020; 5:21162-21171. [PMID: 32875252 PMCID: PMC7450641 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.0c02879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Most tumor-targeted drug delivery systems must overcome a large variety of physiological barriers before reaching the tumor site and diffuse through the tight network of tumor cells. Many studies focus on optimizing the first part, the accumulation of drug carriers at the tumor site, ignoring the penetration efficiency, i.e., a measure of the ability of a drug delivery system to overcome tumor surface adherence and uptake. We used three-dimensional (3D) tumor spheroids in combination with light-sheet fluorescence microscopy in a head-to-head comparison of a variety of commonly used lipid-based nanoparticles, including liposomes, PEGylated liposomes, lipoplexes, and reconstituted high-density lipoproteins (rHDL). Whilst PEGylation of liposomes only had minor effects on the penetration efficiency, we show that lipoplexes are mainly associated with the periphery of tumor spheroids, possibly due to their positive surface charge, leading to fusion with the cells at the spheroid surface or aggregation. Surprisingly, the rHDL showed significantly higher penetration efficiency and high accumulation inside the spheroid. While these findings indeed could be relevant when designing novel drug delivery systems based on lipid-based nanoparticles, we stress that the used platform and the detailed image analysis are a versatile tool for in vitro studies of the penetration efficiency of nanoparticles in tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Niora
- The
Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, 2100 København, Denmark
| | - Dennis Pedersbæk
- DTU
Health Tech, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Rasmus Münter
- DTU
Health Tech, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | | | | | - Thomas L. Andresen
- DTU
Health Tech, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Jens B. Simonsen
- DTU
Health Tech, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Liselotte Jauffred
- The
Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, 2100 København, Denmark
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18
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Witzigmann D, Kulkarni JA, Leung J, Chen S, Cullis PR, van der Meel R. Lipid nanoparticle technology for therapeutic gene regulation in the liver. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2020; 159:344-363. [PMID: 32622021 PMCID: PMC7329694 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2020.06.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 176] [Impact Index Per Article: 44.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2020] [Revised: 06/12/2020] [Accepted: 06/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Hereditary genetic disorders, cancer, and infectious diseases of the liver affect millions of people around the globe and are a major public health burden. Most contemporary treatments offer limited relief as they generally aim to alleviate disease symptoms. Targeting the root cause of diseases originating in the liver by regulating malfunctioning genes with nucleic acid-based drugs holds great promise as a therapeutic approach. However, employing nucleic acid therapeutics in vivo is challenging due to their unfavorable characteristics. Lipid nanoparticle (LNP) delivery technology is a revolutionary development that has enabled clinical translation of gene therapies. LNPs can deliver siRNA, mRNA, DNA, or gene-editing complexes, providing opportunities to treat hepatic diseases by silencing pathogenic genes, expressing therapeutic proteins, or correcting genetic defects. Here we discuss the state-of-the-art LNP technology for hepatic gene therapy including formulation design parameters, production methods, preclinical development and clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominik Witzigmann
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada,NanoMedicines Innovation Network (NMIN), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Jayesh A. Kulkarni
- NanoMedicines Innovation Network (NMIN), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada,Centre for Molecular Medicine and Therapeutics, Department of Medical Genetics, BC Children’s Hospital Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada,Evonik Canada, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Jerry Leung
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Sam Chen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada,Integrated Nanotherapeutics, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Pieter R. Cullis
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada,NanoMedicines Innovation Network (NMIN), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada,Corresponding author
| | - Roy van der Meel
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Department of Biomedical Engineering and Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
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19
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Norling K, Bernasconi V, Agmo Hernández V, Parveen N, Edwards K, Lycke NY, Höök F, Bally M. Gel Phase 1,2-Distearoyl- sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine-Based Liposomes Are Superior to Fluid Phase Liposomes at Augmenting Both Antigen Presentation on Major Histocompatibility Complex Class II and Costimulatory Molecule Display by Dendritic Cells in Vitro. ACS Infect Dis 2019; 5:1867-1878. [PMID: 31498993 DOI: 10.1021/acsinfecdis.9b00189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Lipid-based nanoparticles have in recent years attracted increasing attention as pharmaceutical carriers. In particular, reports of them having inherent adjuvant properties combined with their ability to protect antigen from degradation make them suitable as vaccine vectors. However, the physicochemical profile of an ideal nanoparticle for vaccine delivery is still poorly defined. Here, we used an in vitro dendritic cell assay to assess the immunogenicity of a variety of liposome formulations as vaccine carriers and adjuvants. Using flow cytometry, we investigated liposome-assisted antigen presentation as well as the expression of relevant costimulatory molecules on the cell surface. Cytokine secretion was further evaluated with an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). We show that liposomes can successfully enhance antigen presentation and maturation of dendritic cells, as compared to vaccine fusion protein (CTA1-3Eα-DD) administered alone. In particular, the lipid phase state of the membrane was found to greatly influence the vaccine antigen processing by dendritic cells. As compared to their fluid phase counterparts, gel phase liposomes were more efficient at improving antigen presentation. They were also superior at upregulating the costimulatory molecules CD80 and CD86 as well as increasing the release of the cytokines IL-6 and IL-1β. Taken together, we demonstrate that gel phase liposomes, while nonimmunogenic on their own, significantly enhance the antigen-presenting ability of dendritic cells and appear to be a promising way forward to improve vaccine immunogenicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karin Norling
- Division of Biological Physics, Department of Physics, Chalmers University of Technology, 412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Valentina Bernasconi
- Mucosal Immunobiology and Vaccine Center (MIVAC), Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Gothenburg, 405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Víctor Agmo Hernández
- Department of Chemistry, BMC, Uppsala University, Box 599, 752 37 Uppsala, Sweden
- Department of Pharmacy, Uppsala University, Box 580, 751 23, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Nagma Parveen
- Division of Biological Physics, Department of Physics, Chalmers University of Technology, 412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Katarina Edwards
- Department of Chemistry, BMC, Uppsala University, Box 599, 752 37 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Nils Y. Lycke
- Mucosal Immunobiology and Vaccine Center (MIVAC), Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Gothenburg, 405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Fredrik Höök
- Division of Biological Physics, Department of Physics, Chalmers University of Technology, 412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Marta Bally
- Section of Virology, Department of Clinical Microbiology, Umeå University, 901 85 Umeå, Sweden
- Wallenberg Centre for Molecular Medicine, Umeå University, 901 85 Umeå, Sweden
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20
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Dhindwal S, Feng S, Khayat R. The Arginines in the N-Terminus of the Porcine Circovirus 2 Virus-like Particles Are Responsible for Disrupting the Membranes at Neutral and Acidic pH. J Mol Biol 2019; 431:3261-3274. [PMID: 31173778 PMCID: PMC6697213 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2019.05.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2019] [Revised: 05/21/2019] [Accepted: 05/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Non-enveloped viruses that are endocytosed employ numerous mechanisms to disrupt endosomal membranes for escape into the cellular cytoplasm. These include the use of amphipathic helices or sheets, hydrophobic loops, myristoylated peptides, and proteins with phospholipase activity. Some mechanisms result in immediate deterioration of the endosome, while others form pores in the membrane causing osmolysis to disrupt the endosome and allow viral escape. We describe an additional mechanism by a non-enveloped virus to disrupt endosomal membranes. Porcine circovirus 2 (PCV2) possesses a 41-amino acid arginine-rich motif (ARM) at the N-terminus of its capsid protein that appears to be in the interior of the virus-like particle (VLP). Using in vitro membrane disruption assays, we demonstrate that PCV2 VLP, unassembled capsid, and ARM peptide possess the ability to disrupt endosomal-like membranes, whereas VLP lacking the ARM sequence does not possess this capability. Membrane disruption by VLP is insensitive to pH, but unassembled capsid protein and ARM peptide exhibit diminished activity at low pH. Our liposome disruption assays, circular dichroism, and intrinsic tryptophan fluorescence assays allow us to propose a model for PCV2-endosomal membrane interaction wherein the ARM peptide externalizes from the capsid, its C-terminus (amino acids 28-40) anchors into the membrane, and the arginine-rich N-terminus (amino acids 1-27) drives membrane disruption. To our knowledge, this is the first example of a non-enveloped virus using the arginines of an ARM to disrupt membranes. Also, this is the first example of such study for the Circoviridae family of viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonali Dhindwal
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The City College of New York, New York, NY 10031, USA
| | - Shanshan Feng
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The City College of New York, New York, NY 10031, USA; Graduate Program in Biochemistry, The Graduate Center of the City University of New York, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Reza Khayat
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The City College of New York, New York, NY 10031, USA; Graduate Program in Biochemistry, The Graduate Center of the City University of New York, New York, NY 10016, USA.
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21
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Optimisation of Folate-Mediated Liposomal Encapsulated Arsenic Trioxide for Treating HPV-Positive Cervical Cancer Cells In Vitro. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20092156. [PMID: 31052347 PMCID: PMC6539325 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20092156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2019] [Revised: 04/28/2019] [Accepted: 04/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
High-risk human papilloma virus (HPV) infection is directly associated with cervical cancer development. Arsenic trioxide (ATO), despite inducing apoptosis in HPV-infected cervical cancer cells in vitro, has been compromised by toxicity and poor pharmacokinetics in clinical trials. Therefore, to improve ATO’s therapeutic profile for HPV-related cancers, this study aims to explore the effects of length of ligand spacers of folate-targeted liposomes on the efficiency of ATO delivery to HPV-infected cells. Fluorescent ATO encapsulated liposomes with folic acid (FA) conjugated to two different PEG lengths (2000 Da and 5000 Da) were synthesised, and their cellular uptake was examined for HPV-positive HeLa and KB and HPV-negative HT-3 cells using confocal microscopy, flow cytometry, and spectrophotometer readings. Cellular arsenic quantification and anti-tumour efficacy was evaluated through inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) and cytotoxicity studies, respectively. Results showed that liposomes with a longer folic acid-polyethylene glycol (FA-PEG) spacer (5000 Da) displayed a higher efficiency in targeting folate receptor (FR) + HPV-infected cells without increasing any inherent cytotoxicity. Targeted liposomally delivered ATO also displayed superior selectivity and efficiency in inducing higher cell apoptosis in HPV-positive cells per unit of arsenic taken up than free ATO, in contrast to HT-3. These findings may hold promise in improving the management of HPV-associated cancers.
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22
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Viitala L, Pajari S, Gentile L, Määttä J, Gubitosi M, Deska J, Sammalkorpi M, Olsson U, Murtomäki L. Shape and Phase Transitions in a PEGylated Phospholipid System. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2019; 35:3999-4010. [PMID: 30789270 PMCID: PMC6727609 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.8b03829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2018] [Revised: 02/18/2019] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) polymers and PEG-conjugated lipids are widely used in bioengineering and drug transport applications. A PEG layer in a drug carrier increases hydrophilic repulsion, inhibits membrane fusion and serum opsonin interactions, and prolongs the storage and circulation time. It can also change the carrier shape and have an influence on many properties related to the content release of the carrier. In this paper, we focus on the physicochemical effects of PEGylation in the lipid bilayer. We introduce laurdanC as a fluorophore for shape recognition and phase transition detection. Together with laurdanC, cryogenic transmission electron microscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, molecular dynamics simulations, and small-angle X-ray scattering/wide-angle X-ray scattering, we acquire information of the particle/bilayer morphology and phase behavior in systems containing 1,2-dipalmitoyl- sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine:1,2-distearoyl- sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine-PEG(2000) with different fractions. We find that PEGylation leads to two important and potentially usable features of the system. (1) Spherical vesicles present a window of elevated chain-melting temperatures and (2) lipid packing shape-controlled liposome-to-bicelle transition. The first finding is significant for targets requiring multiple release sequences and the second enables tuning the release by composition and the PEG polymer length. Besides drug delivery systems, the findings can be used in other smart soft materials with trigger-polymers as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauri Viitala
- Department
of Chemistry and Materials Science, Aalto
University, P.O. Box 16100, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland
| | - Saija Pajari
- Department
of Chemistry and Materials Science, Aalto
University, P.O. Box 16100, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland
| | - Luigi Gentile
- Physical
Chemistry, Lund University, P.O. Box 124, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden
- Department
of Biology, MEMEG Unit, Lund University, Sölvegatan 37, SE-223 62 Lund, Sweden
- PRPDepartment
of Chemistry, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Via Orabona 4, 70126 Bari, Italy
| | - Jukka Määttä
- Department
of Chemistry and Materials Science, Aalto
University, P.O. Box 16100, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland
| | - Marta Gubitosi
- Physical
Chemistry, Lund University, P.O. Box 124, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden
| | - Jan Deska
- Department
of Chemistry and Materials Science, Aalto
University, P.O. Box 16100, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland
| | - Maria Sammalkorpi
- Department
of Chemistry and Materials Science, Aalto
University, P.O. Box 16100, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland
| | - Ulf Olsson
- Physical
Chemistry, Lund University, P.O. Box 124, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden
| | - Lasse Murtomäki
- Department
of Chemistry and Materials Science, Aalto
University, P.O. Box 16100, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland
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23
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Kong L, Campbell F, Kros A. DePEGylation strategies to increase cancer nanomedicine efficacy. NANOSCALE HORIZONS 2019; 4:378-387. [PMID: 32254090 DOI: 10.1039/c8nh00417j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
To maximize drug targeting to solid tumors, cancer nanomedicines with prolonged circulation times are required. To this end, poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) has been widely used as a steric shield of nanomedicine surfaces to minimize serum protein absorption (opsonisation) and subsequent recognition and clearance by cells of the mononuclear phagocyte system (MPS). However, PEG also inhibits interactions of nanomedicines with target cancer cells, limiting the effective drug dose that can be reached within the target tumor. To overcome this dilemma, nanomedicines with stimuli-responsive cleavable PEG functionality have been developed. These benefit from both long circulation lifetimes en route to the targeted tumor as well as efficient drug delivery to target cancer cells. In this review, various stimuli-responsive strategies to dePEGylate nanomedicines within the tumor microenvironment will be critically reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Kong
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry - Supramolecular and Biomaterial Chemistry, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2333CC Leiden, The Netherlands.
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24
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Qiu L, Ge L, Long M, Mao J, Ahmed KS, Shan X, Zhang H, Qin L, Lv G, Chen J. Redox-responsive biocompatible nanocarriers based on novel heparosan polysaccharides for intracellular anticancer drug delivery. Asian J Pharm Sci 2018; 15:83-94. [PMID: 32175020 PMCID: PMC7066043 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajps.2018.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2018] [Revised: 10/31/2018] [Accepted: 11/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Heparosan is a natural precursor of heparin biosynthesis in mammals. It is stable in blood circulation but can be degraded in lysosomes, showing good biocompatibility and long circulation features. So heparosan can be designed as anticancer drug carriers to increase tumor selectivity and improve the therapeutic effect. A novel redox-sensitive heparosan-cystamine-vitamin E succinate (KSV) micelle system was constructed for intracellular delivery of doxorubicin (DOX). Simultaneously, the redox-insensitive heparosan-adipic acid dihydrazide-vitamin E succinate copolymer (KV) was synthesized as control. DOX-loaded micelles (DOX/KSV) with an average particle size of 90–120 nm had good serum stability and redox-triggered depolymerization. In vitro drug release test showed that DOX/KSV micelles presented obvious redox-triggered release behavior compared with DOX/KV. Cytotoxicity and cell uptake were investigated using MGC80-3 tumor cells and COS7 fibroblast-like cells. The cell survival rate of blank micelles was more than 90%, and the cytotoxicity of DOX/KSV in MGC80-3 cells was higher than in COS7 cells, indicating that the carrier has better biocompatibility and less toxicity side effect. The cytotoxicity of DOX/KSV against MGC80-3 cells was significantly greater than that of free DOX and DOX/KV. Furthermore, compared with DOX/KV in MGC80-3 cells, DOX/KSV micelles uptook more anticancer drugs and then released DOX faster into the cell nucleus. The micelles were endocytosed by multiple pathways, but clathrin-mediated endocytosis was the main pathway. Therefore, heparosan polysaccharide could be a potential option as anticancer carrier for enhancing efficacy and mitigating toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lipeng Qiu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Lu Ge
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Miaomiao Long
- Wuxi Higher Health Vocational Technology School, Wuxi 214028, China
| | - Jing Mao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Kamel S Ahmed
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Xiaotian Shan
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Huijie Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Li Qin
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Guozhong Lv
- Wuxi Third Renmin Hospital, Wuxi 214041, China
| | - Jinghua Chen
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
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25
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Zangabad PS, Mirkiani S, Shahsavari S, Masoudi B, Masroor M, Hamed H, Jafari Z, Taghipour YD, Hashemi H, Karimi M, Hamblin MR. Stimulus-responsive liposomes as smart nanoplatforms for drug delivery applications. NANOTECHNOLOGY REVIEWS 2018; 7:95-122. [PMID: 29404233 PMCID: PMC5796673 DOI: 10.1515/ntrev-2017-0154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Liposomes are known to be promising nanoparticles (NPs) for drug delivery applications. Among different types of self-assembled NPs, liposomes stand out for their non-toxic nature, and their possession of dual hydrophilic-hydrophobic domains. Advantages of liposomes include the ability to solubilize hydrophobic drugs, the ability to incorporate different hydrophilic and lipophilic drugs at the same time, lessening the exposure of host organs to potentially toxic drugs and allowing modification of the surface by a variety of different chemical groups. This modification of the surface, or of the individual constituents, may be used to achieve two important goals. Firstly, ligands for active targeting can be attached that are recognized by cognate receptors over-expressed on the target cells of tissues. Secondly, modification can be used to impart a stimulus-responsive or "smart" character to the liposomes, whereby the cargo is released on demand only when certain internal stimuli (pH, reducing agents, specific enzymes) or external stimuli (light, magnetic field or ultrasound) are present. Here, we review the field of smart liposomes for drug delivery applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parham Sahandi Zangabad
- Research Center for Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology (RCPN), Tabriz University of Medical Science (TUOMS), Tabriz, Iran
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Bio-Nano Interfaces: Convergence of Sciences (BNICS), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
- Advanced Nanobiotechnology and Nanomedicine Research Group (ANNRG), Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Nanomedicine Research Association (NRA), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
| | - Soroush Mirkiani
- Advanced Nanobiotechnology and Nanomedicine Research Group (ANNRG), Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Bioceramics and Implants Laboratory, Department of Life Science Engineering, Faculty of New Sciences and Technologies, University of Tehran, Tehran 1439955941, Iran
| | - Shayan Shahsavari
- Advanced Nanobiotechnology and Nanomedicine Research Group (ANNRG), Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Nanoclub Elites Association, Iran Nanotechnology Initiative Council Tehran, Iran
- Mataab Company, Biotechnology Incubator, Production and Research Complex, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Karaj, Iran
| | - Behrad Masoudi
- Advanced Nanobiotechnology and Nanomedicine Research Group (ANNRG), Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- School of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Masroor
- Advanced Nanobiotechnology and Nanomedicine Research Group (ANNRG), Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- School of Metallurgy and Materials Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamid Hamed
- Advanced Nanobiotechnology and Nanomedicine Research Group (ANNRG), Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Petroleum and Chemical Engineering Department – Sharif University of Technology – Tehran – Iran
| | - Zahra Jafari
- Advanced Nanobiotechnology and Nanomedicine Research Group (ANNRG), Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Food Science and Technology, College of Agriculture and Food Science, Ayatollah Amoli Branch, Islamic Azad University, Amol, Iran
| | - Yasamin Davatgaran Taghipour
- Advanced Nanobiotechnology and Nanomedicine Research Group (ANNRG), Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of medical nanotechnology, school of advanced technologies in medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hura Hashemi
- Advanced Nanobiotechnology and Nanomedicine Research Group (ANNRG), Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, P. O. Box 14155-6451, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahdi Karimi
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Medical Nanotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Research Center for Science and Technology in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
| | - Michael R. Hamblin
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
- Department of Dermatology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
- Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Cambridge, USA
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26
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Fisher RK, Mattern-Schain SI, Best MD, Kirkpatrick SS, Freeman MB, Grandas OH, Mountain DJH. Improving the efficacy of liposome-mediated vascular gene therapy via lipid surface modifications. J Surg Res 2017; 219:136-144. [PMID: 29078873 DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2017.05.111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2017] [Revised: 04/28/2017] [Accepted: 05/25/2017] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We have previously defined mechanisms of intimal hyperplasia that could be targets for molecular therapeutics aimed at vascular pathology. However, biocompatible nanocarriers are needed for effective delivery. Cationic liposomes (CLPs) have been demonstrated as effective nanocarriers in vitro. However, in vivo success has been hampered by cytotoxicity. Recently, neutral PEGylated liposomes (PLPs) have been modified with cell-penetrating peptides (CPPs) to enhance cellular uptake. We aim to establish CPP-modified neutral liposomes as viable molecular nanocarriers in vascular smooth muscle cells. METHODS CLPs, PLPs, and CPP-modified PLPs (R8-PLPs) were assembled with short interfering RNA (siRNA) via ethanol injection. Characterization studies determined liposomal morphology, size, and charge. siRNA encapsulation efficiency was measured via RiboGreen assay. Vascular smooth muscle cells were exposed to equal lipid/siRNA across all groups. Rhodamine-labeled liposomes were used to quantify cell association via fluorometry, live/dead dual stain was used to measure cytotoxicity, and gene silencing was measured by quantitative polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS R8-PLPs exhibited increased encapsulation efficiency equivalent to CLPs. PLPs and R8-PLP-5 mol% and R8-PLP-10 mol% had no cytotoxic effect. CLPs demonstrated significant cytotoxicity. R8-PLP-5 mol% and R8-PLP-10 mol% exhibited increased cell association versus PLPs. R8-PLP-10 mol% resulted in significant gene silencing, in a manner dependent on lipid-to-siRNA load capacity. CONCLUSIONS The negligible cytotoxicity and enhanced cellular association and gene silencing capacity exhibited by R8-PLPs reveal this class of liposomes as a candidate for future applications. Further modifications for optimizing R8-PLPs are still warranted to improve efficacy, and in vivo studies are needed for translational development. However, this could prove to be an optimal nanocarrier for vascular gene therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard K Fisher
- Department of Surgery, University of Tennessee Graduate School of Medicine, Knoxville, Tennessee
| | | | - Michael D Best
- Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee
| | - Stacy S Kirkpatrick
- Department of Surgery, University of Tennessee Graduate School of Medicine, Knoxville, Tennessee
| | - Michael B Freeman
- Department of Surgery, University of Tennessee Graduate School of Medicine, Knoxville, Tennessee
| | - Oscar H Grandas
- Department of Surgery, University of Tennessee Graduate School of Medicine, Knoxville, Tennessee
| | - Deidra J H Mountain
- Department of Surgery, University of Tennessee Graduate School of Medicine, Knoxville, Tennessee.
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Kim YH, Min KH, Wang Z, Kim J, Jacobson O, Huang P, Zhu G, Liu Y, Yung B, Niu G, Chen X. Development of Sialic Acid-coated Nanoparticles for Targeting Cancer and Efficient Evasion of the Immune System. Theranostics 2017; 7:962-973. [PMID: 28382168 PMCID: PMC5381258 DOI: 10.7150/thno.19061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2017] [Accepted: 01/14/2017] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Evading the reticuloendothelial system (RES) remains a critical challenge in the development of efficient delivery and diagnostic systems for cancer. Sialic acid (N-acetylneuraminic acid, Neu5Ac) is recognized as a "self" marker by major serum protein complement factor H and shows reduced interaction with the innate immune system via sialic acid-binding immunoglobulin-like lectin (Siglec), which is known as one of the significant regulators of phagocytic evasion. Accordingly, we prepared different surface-modified gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) and investigated the effects of sialic acid on cellular and immune responses of nanoparticles in vitro and in vivo. Sialic acid modification not only facilitates evasion of the RES by suppressing the immune response, but also enhances tumor accumulation via its active targeting ability. Therefore, sialic acid modification presents a promising strategy to advance nanotechnology towards the prospect of clinical translation.
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28
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Kuhn P, Eyer K, Dittrich PS. A microfluidic device for the delivery of enzymes into cells by liposome fusion. Eng Life Sci 2017; 18:149-156. [PMID: 29416447 DOI: 10.1002/elsc.201600150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Liposomes are versatile carriers of drugs or biomolecules and are ideally suited to transport molecules into cells. However, mechanistic studies to understand and improve the fusion of liposomes with cell membranes and endosomes are difficult. Here, we report a method that allows for stable coimmobilization of liposomes and living cells, thereby bringing the membranes into close contact, which is essential for membrane fusion. The small unilamellar liposomes are tethered to the surface by a linker so that no modification of the liposome membrane for cell binding is required. The cells are positioned above the liposomes by posts that are integrated into the microfluidic device, and a pH drop induces the fusion of the cell-liposome membranes. Both membrane fusion and release of molecules into the cytosol are visualized by fluorescence dequenching assays. Furthermore, we proved the efficient delivery of the enzyme β-galactosidase into the cells when a fusogenic liposome composition was used. The device could be used for fusion studies but is also a versatile means for cell transfection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phillip Kuhn
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Eth Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Klaus Eyer
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Eth Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Petra S Dittrich
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Eth Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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29
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Abstract
A major limiting factor for the wide application of pH-sensitive liposomes is their recognition and sequestration by the phagocytes of the reticuloendothelial system, which conditions a very short circulation half-life. Typically prolonged circulation of liposomes is achieved by grafting their membranes with pegylated phospholipids (PEG-lipids), which have been shown, however, to deteriorate membrane integrity on one hand and to hamper the pH-responsiveness on the other. Hence, the need for novel alternative surface modifying agents to ensure effective half-life prolongation of pH-sensitive liposomes is a subject of intensive research. A series of copolymers having short blocks of lipid-mimetic units has been shown to sterically stabilize conventional liposomes based on different phospholipids. This has prompted us to broaden their utilization to pH-sensitive liposomes, too. The present contribution gives a thorough account on the chemical synthesis of these copolymers their incorporation in DOPE:CHEMs pH-sensitive liposomes and detailed explanation on the battery of techniques for the biopharmaceutical characterization of the prepared formulations in terms of pH-responsiveness, cellular internalization, in vivo pharmacokinetics and biodistribution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denitsa Momekova
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University-Sofia, 2 Dunav Str., 1000, Sofia, Bulgaria.
| | | | - Nikolay Lambov
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University-Sofia, 2 Dunav Str., 1000, Sofia, Bulgaria
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Haeri A, Sadeghian S, Rabbani S, Shirani S, Anvari MS, Dadashzadeh S. Physicochemical characteristics of liposomes are decisive for their antirestenosis efficacy following local delivery. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2016; 12:131-145. [PMID: 27876438 DOI: 10.2217/nnm-2016-0294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM To develop an ameliorated sirolimus (SIR) liposome for intramural delivery, the effects of various carrier physicochemical parameters on the antirestenosis efficacy were evaluated. MATERIALS & METHODS Different liposomes were prepared, characterized and administered to balloon injured rats (12 animal groups). Their efficacies were investigated using morphometric, immunohistochemical and in vivo computed tomography imaging analyses. RESULTS The antirestenosis efficacy of SIR liposomes decreased in the following order: cationic 100 nm vesicles ≥ cationic 60 nm vesicles > neutral 100 nm vesicles ≥ stealth 100 nm vesicles > anionic 100 nm vesicles. The 100 µg SIR loaded in cationic liposomes showed almost no artery stenosis. CONCLUSION Appropriate modulation of physicochemical characteristics makes it possible to optimize the liposomes for local delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azadeh Haeri
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Saeed Sadeghian
- Tehran Heart Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shahram Rabbani
- Tehran Heart Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shapour Shirani
- Tehran Heart Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Simin Dadashzadeh
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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31
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Bunker A, Magarkar A, Viitala T. Rational design of liposomal drug delivery systems, a review: Combined experimental and computational studies of lipid membranes, liposomes and their PEGylation. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2016; 1858:2334-2352. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2016.02.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2015] [Revised: 02/09/2016] [Accepted: 02/10/2016] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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32
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Hill AB, Chen M, Chen CK, Pfeifer BA, Jones CH. Overcoming Gene-Delivery Hurdles: Physiological Considerations for Nonviral Vectors. Trends Biotechnol 2016; 34:91-105. [PMID: 26727153 PMCID: PMC5800990 DOI: 10.1016/j.tibtech.2015.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2015] [Revised: 11/16/2015] [Accepted: 11/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
With the use of contemporary tools and techniques, it has become possible to more precisely tune the biochemical mechanisms associated with using nonviral vectors for gene delivery. Consequently, nonviral vectors can incorporate numerous vector compositions and types of genetic cargo to develop diverse genetic therapies. Despite these advantages, gene-delivery strategies using nonviral vectors have poorly translated into clinical success due to preclinical experimental design considerations that inadequately predict therapeutic efficacy. Furthermore, the manufacturing and distribution processes are critical considerations for clinical application that should be considered when developing therapeutic platforms. In this review, we evaluate potential avenues towards improving the transition of gene-delivery technologies from in vitro assessment to human clinical therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew B Hill
- Abcombi Biosciences Inc, Buffalo, NY, USA; McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Mingfu Chen
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, BY, USA
| | - Chih-Kuang Chen
- Department of Fiber and Composite Materials, Feng Chia University, Taichung, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Blaine A Pfeifer
- Abcombi Biosciences Inc, Buffalo, NY, USA; Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, BY, USA.
| | - Charles H Jones
- Abcombi Biosciences Inc, Buffalo, NY, USA; Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, BY, USA.
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Rheiner S, Bae Y. Increased poly(ethylene glycol) density decreases transfection efficacy of siRNA/poly(ethylene imine) complexes. AIMS BIOENGINEERING 2016. [DOI: 10.3934/bioeng.2016.4.454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
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34
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Ding Y, Sun D, Wang GL, Yang HG, Xu HF, Chen JH, Xie Y, Wang ZQ. An efficient PEGylated liposomal nanocarrier containing cell-penetrating peptide and pH-sensitive hydrazone bond for enhancing tumor-targeted drug delivery. Int J Nanomedicine 2015; 10:6199-214. [PMID: 26491292 PMCID: PMC4598226 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s92519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell-penetrating peptides (CPPs) as small molecular transporters with abilities of cell penetrating, internalization, and endosomal escape have potential prospect in drug delivery systems. However, a bottleneck hampering their application is the poor specificity for cells. By utilizing the function of hydration shell of polyethylene glycol (PEG) and acid sensitivity of hydrazone bond, we constructed a kind of CPP-modified pH-sensitive PEGylated liposomes (CPPL) to improve the selectivity of these peptides for tumor targeting. In CPPL, CPP was directly attached to liposome surfaces via coupling with stearate (STR) to avoid the hindrance of PEG as a linker on the penetrating efficiency of CPP. A PEG derivative by conjugating PEG with STR via acid-degradable hydrazone bond (PEG2000-Hz-STR, PHS) was synthesized. High-performance liquid chromatography and flow cytometry demonstrated that PHS was stable at normal neutral conditions and PEG could be completely cleaved from liposome surface to expose CPP under acidic environments in tumor. An optimal CPP density on liposomes was screened to guaranty a maximum targeting efficiency on tumor cells as well as not being captured by normal cells that consequently lead to a long circulation in blood. In vitro and in vivo studies indicated, in 4 mol% CPP of lipid modified system, that CPP exerted higher efficiency on internalizing the liposomes into targeted subcellular compartments while remaining inactive and free from opsonins at a maximum extent in systemic circulation. The 4% CPPL as a drug delivery system will have great potential in the clinical application of anticancer drugs in future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Ding
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmaceutics and New Drug Delivery Systems, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Dan Sun
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmaceutics and New Drug Delivery Systems, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Gui-Ling Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmaceutics and New Drug Delivery Systems, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong-Ge Yang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmaceutics and New Drug Delivery Systems, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Hai-Feng Xu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmaceutics and New Drug Delivery Systems, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian-Hua Chen
- School of Medicine, Jianghan University, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Xie
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmaceutics and New Drug Delivery Systems, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, People's Republic of China ; State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Peking University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhi-Qiang Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Kent State University Geauga, Burton, OH, USA
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35
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Samanta A, Tesch M, Keller U, Klingauf J, Studer A, Ravoo BJ. Fabrication of Hydrophilic Polymer Nanocontainers by Use of Supramolecular Templates. J Am Chem Soc 2015; 137:1967-71. [DOI: 10.1021/ja511963g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Avik Samanta
- Organic
Chemistry Institute and Graduate School of Chemistry and Center for
Soft Nanoscience, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Correnstrasse
40, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Matthias Tesch
- Organic
Chemistry Institute and Graduate School of Chemistry and Center for
Soft Nanoscience, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Correnstrasse
40, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Ulrike Keller
- Institute of Medical Physics and Biophysics, Robert-Koch-Strasse 31, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Jürgen Klingauf
- Institute of Medical Physics and Biophysics, Robert-Koch-Strasse 31, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Armido Studer
- Organic
Chemistry Institute and Graduate School of Chemistry and Center for
Soft Nanoscience, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Correnstrasse
40, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Bart Jan Ravoo
- Organic
Chemistry Institute and Graduate School of Chemistry and Center for
Soft Nanoscience, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Correnstrasse
40, 48149 Münster, Germany
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36
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Gill KK, Kaddoumi A, Nazzal S. PEG–lipid micelles as drug carriers: physiochemical attributes, formulation principles and biological implication. J Drug Target 2014; 23:222-31. [DOI: 10.3109/1061186x.2014.997735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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37
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Ran R, Liu Y, Gao H, Kuang Q, Zhang Q, Tang J, Huang K, Chen X, Zhang Z, He Q. Enhanced gene delivery efficiency of cationic liposomes coated with PEGylated hyaluronic acid for anti P-glycoprotein siRNA: A potential candidate for overcoming multi-drug resistance. Int J Pharm 2014; 477:590-600. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2014.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2014] [Revised: 10/05/2014] [Accepted: 11/05/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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38
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Ai X, Sun J, Zhong L, Wu C, Niu H, Xu T, Lian H, Han X, Ren G, Ding W, Wang J, Pu X, He Z. Star-Shape Redox-Responsive PEG-Sheddable Copolymer of Disulfide-Linked Polyethylene Glycol-Lysine-di-Tocopherol Succinate for Tumor-Triggering Intracellular Doxorubicin Rapid Release: Head-to-Head Comparison. Macromol Biosci 2014; 14:1415-28. [DOI: 10.1002/mabi.201400149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2014] [Revised: 05/02/2014] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Ai
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy; Shenyang Pharmaceutical University; No. 103 Wenhua Road Shenyang 110016 P. R. China
| | - Jin Sun
- Department of Biopharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy; Shenyang Pharmaceutical University; No. 103 Wenhua Road Shenyang 110016 P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Drug Delivery Technology and Pharmacokinetics; Tianjin Institute of Pharmaceutical Research; Tianjin P. R. China
| | - Lu Zhong
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy; Shenyang Pharmaceutical University; No. 103 Wenhua Road Shenyang 110016 P. R. China
| | - Chunnuan Wu
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy; Shenyang Pharmaceutical University; No. 103 Wenhua Road Shenyang 110016 P. R. China
| | - Handong Niu
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy; Shenyang Pharmaceutical University; No. 103 Wenhua Road Shenyang 110016 P. R. China
| | - Tao Xu
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy; Shenyang Pharmaceutical University; No. 103 Wenhua Road Shenyang 110016 P. R. China
| | - He Lian
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy; Shenyang Pharmaceutical University; No. 103 Wenhua Road Shenyang 110016 P. R. China
| | - Xiaopeng Han
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy; Shenyang Pharmaceutical University; No. 103 Wenhua Road Shenyang 110016 P. R. China
| | - Guolian Ren
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy; Shenyang Pharmaceutical University; No. 103 Wenhua Road Shenyang 110016 P. R. China
| | - Wenya Ding
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy; Shenyang Pharmaceutical University; No. 103 Wenhua Road Shenyang 110016 P. R. China
| | - Jia Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy; Shenyang Pharmaceutical University; No. 103 Wenhua Road Shenyang 110016 P. R. China
| | - Xiaohui Pu
- Pharmaceutical College of Henan University; Kaifeng 475004 P. R. China
| | - Zhonggui He
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy; Shenyang Pharmaceutical University; No. 103 Wenhua Road Shenyang 110016 P. R. China
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The Bifunctional Liposomes Constructed by Poly(2-ethyl-oxazoline)-cholesteryl Methyl Carbonate: an Effectual Approach to Enhance Liposomal Circulation Time, pH-Sensitivity and Endosomal Escape. Pharm Res 2014; 31:3038-50. [DOI: 10.1007/s11095-014-1397-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2013] [Accepted: 04/17/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Singlet oxygen effects on lipid membranes: implications for the mechanism of action of broad-spectrum viral fusion inhibitors. Biochem J 2014; 459:161-70. [PMID: 24456301 DOI: 10.1042/bj20131058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
It was reported recently that a new aryl methyldiene rhodanine derivative, LJ001, and oxazolidine-2,4-dithione, JL103, act on the viral membrane, inhibiting its fusion with a target cell membrane. The aim of the present study was to investigate the interactions of these two active compounds and an inactive analogue used as a negative control, LJ025, with biological membrane models, in order to clarify the mechanism of action at the molecular level of these new broad-spectrum enveloped virus entry inhibitors. Fluorescence spectroscopy was used to quantify the partition and determine the location of the molecules on membranes. The ability of the compounds to produce reactive oxygen molecules in the membrane was tested using 9,10-dimethylanthracene, which reacts selectively with singlet oxygen (1O2). Changes in the lipid packing and fluidity of membranes were assessed by fluorescence anisotropy and generalized polarization measurements. Finally, the ability to inhibit membrane fusion was evaluated using FRET. Our results indicate that 1O2 production by LJ001 and JL103 is able to induce several changes on membrane properties, specially related to a decrease in its fluidity, concomitant with an increase in the order of the polar headgroup region, resulting in an inhibition of the membrane fusion necessary for cell infection.
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Dhule SS, Penfornis P, He J, Harris MR, Terry T, John V, Pochampally R. The combined effect of encapsulating curcumin and C6 ceramide in liposomal nanoparticles against osteosarcoma. Mol Pharm 2014; 11:417-27. [PMID: 24380633 DOI: 10.1021/mp400366r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
This study examines the antitumor potential of curcumin and C6 ceramide (C6) against osteosarcoma (OS) cell lines when both are encapsulated in the bilayer of liposomal nanoparticles. Three liposomal formulations were prepared: curcumin liposomes, C6 liposomes and C6-curcumin liposomes. Curcumin in combination with C6 showed 1.5 times enhanced cytotoxic effect in the case of MG-63 and KHOS OS cell lines, in comparison with curcumin liposomes alone. Importantly, C6-curcumin liposomes were found to be less toxic on untransformed primary human cells (human mesenchymal stem cells) in comparison to OS cell lines. In addition, cell cycle assays on a KHOS cell line after treatment revealed that curcumin only liposomes induced G2/M arrest by upregulation of cyclin B1, while C6 only liposomes induced G1 arrest by downregulation of cyclin D1. C6-curcumin liposomes induced G2/M arrest and showed a combined effect in the expression levels of cyclin D1 and cyclin B1. The efficiency of the preparations was tested in vivo using a human osteosarcoma xenograft assay. Using pegylated liposomes to increase the plasma half-life and tagging with folate (FA) for targeted delivery in vivo, a significant reduction in tumor size was observed with C6-curcumin-FA liposomes. The encapsulation of two water insoluble drugs, curcumin and C6, in the lipid bilayer of liposomes enhances the cytotoxic effect and validates the potential of combined drug therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santosh S Dhule
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Tulane University , New Orleans, Louisiana 70118, United States
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Liu Y, Hu Y, Huang L. Influence of polyethylene glycol density and surface lipid on pharmacokinetics and biodistribution of lipid-calcium-phosphate nanoparticles. Biomaterials 2014; 35:3027-34. [PMID: 24388798 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2013.12.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2013] [Accepted: 12/12/2013] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
The pharmacokinetics (PK) and biodistribution of nanoparticles (NPs) are controlled by a complex array of interrelated, physicochemical and biological factors of NPs. The lipid-bilayer core structure of the Lipid-Calcium-Phosphate (LCP) NPs allows us to examine the effects of the density of polyethylene glycol (PEG) and the incorporation of various lipids onto the surface on their fate in vivo. Fluorescence quantification estimated that up to 20% (molar percent of outer leaflet lipids) could be grafted on the surface of LCP NPs. Contrary to the common belief that high level of PEGylation could prevent the uptake of NPs by the reticuloendothelial system (RES) organs such as liver and spleen, a significant amount of the injected dose was observed in the liver. Confocal microscopy revealed that LCP NPs were largely localized in hepatocytes not Kupffer cells. It was further demonstrated that the delivery to hepatocytes was dependent on both the concentration of PEG and the surface lipids. LCP NPs could be directed from hepatocytes to Kupffer cells by decreasing PEG concentration on the particle surface. In addition, LCP NPs with 1,2-dioleoyl-3-trimethylammonium-propane (DOTAP) exhibited higher accumulation in the hepatocytes than LCP NPs with dioleoylphosphatidylcholine (DOPC). Analysis of the proteins bound to NPs suggested that apolipoprotein E (apoE) might serve as an endogenous targeting ligand for LCP-DOTAP NPs, but not LCP-DOPC NPs. The significant uptake of NPs by the hepatocytes is of great interest to formulation design for oncologic and hepatic drug deliveries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Liu
- Division of Molecular Pharmaceutics, Center for Nanotechnology in Drug Delivery, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, United States
| | - Yunxia Hu
- Division of Molecular Pharmaceutics, Center for Nanotechnology in Drug Delivery, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, United States
| | - Leaf Huang
- Division of Molecular Pharmaceutics, Center for Nanotechnology in Drug Delivery, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, United States.
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43
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Wilson DR, Zhang N, Silvers AL, Forstner MB, Bader RA. Synthesis and evaluation of cyclosporine A-loaded polysialic acid–polycaprolactone micelles for rheumatoid arthritis. Eur J Pharm Sci 2014; 51:146-56. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2013.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2012] [Revised: 09/17/2013] [Accepted: 09/17/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Lee SM, Nguyen ST. Smart Nanoscale Drug Delivery Platforms from Stimuli-Responsive Polymers and Liposomes. Macromolecules 2013; 46:9169-9180. [PMID: 28804160 PMCID: PMC5552073 DOI: 10.1021/ma401529w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Since the 1960's, stimuli-responsive polymers have been utilized as functional soft materials for biological applications such as the triggered-release delivery of biologically active cargos. Over the same period, liposomes have been explored as an alternative drug delivery system with potentials to decrease the toxic side effects often associated with conventional small-molecule drugs. However, the lack of drug-release triggers and the instability of bare liposomes often limit their practical applications, causing short circulation time and low therapeutic efficacy. This perspective article highlights recent work in integrating these two materials together to achieve a targetable, triggerable nanoscale platform that fulfills all the characteristics of a near-ideal drug delivery system. Through a drop-in, post-synthesis modification strategy, a network of stimuli-responsive polymers can be integrated onto the surface of liposomes to form polymer-caged nanobins, a multifunctional nanoscale delivery platform that allows for multi-drug loading, targeted delivery, triggered drug-release, and theranostic capabilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang-Min Lee
- Department of Chemistry and Center of Cancer Nanotechnology Excellence, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113
- Department of Chemistry, The Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon, Gyeonggi-do 420-743 Korea
| | - SonBinh T. Nguyen
- Department of Chemistry and Center of Cancer Nanotechnology Excellence, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113
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45
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Rungta RL, Choi HB, Lin PJ, Ko RW, Ashby D, Nair J, Manoharan M, Cullis PR, Macvicar BA. Lipid Nanoparticle Delivery of siRNA to Silence Neuronal Gene Expression in the Brain. MOLECULAR THERAPY. NUCLEIC ACIDS 2013; 2:e136. [PMID: 24301867 PMCID: PMC3889191 DOI: 10.1038/mtna.2013.65] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2013] [Accepted: 09/23/2013] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Manipulation of gene expression in the brain is fundamental for understanding the function of proteins involved in neuronal processes. In this article, we show a method for using small interfering RNA (siRNA) in lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) to efficiently silence neuronal gene expression in cell culture and in the brain in vivo through intracranial injection. We show that neurons accumulate these LNPs in an apolipoprotein E-dependent fashion, resulting in very efficient uptake in cell culture (100%) with little apparent toxicity. In vivo, intracortical or intracerebroventricular (ICV) siRNA-LNP injections resulted in knockdown of target genes either in discrete regions around the injection site or in more widespread areas following ICV injections with no apparent toxicity or immune reactions from the LNPs. Effective targeted knockdown was demonstrated by showing that intracortical delivery of siRNA against GRIN1 (encoding GluN1 subunit of the NMDA receptor (NMDAR)) selectively reduced synaptic NMDAR currents in vivo as compared with synaptic AMPA receptor currents. Therefore, LNP delivery of siRNA rapidly manipulates expression of proteins involved in neuronal processes in vivo, possibly enabling the development of gene therapies for neurological disorders.Molecular Therapy-Nucleic Acids (2013) 2, e136; doi:10.1038/mtna.2013.65; published online 3 December 2013.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravi L Rungta
- Brain Research Centre, Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, British Columbia, Canada
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46
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Zhang Y, Arrington L, Boardman D, Davis J, Xu Y, DiFelice K, Stirdivant S, Wang W, Budzik B, Bawiec J, Deng J, Beutner G, Seifried D, Stanton M, Gindy M, Leone A. The development of an in vitro assay to screen lipid based nanoparticles for siRNA delivery. J Control Release 2013; 174:7-14. [PMID: 24240015 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2013.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2013] [Revised: 10/13/2013] [Accepted: 11/04/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
In order to rapidly screen and select lead candidates for in vivo evaluation of lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) for systemic small interfering RNA (siRNA) delivery, an in vitro assay amenable to high-throughput screening (HTS) is developed. The strategy is to mimic the in vivo experience of LNPs after systemic administration, such as interactions with serum components, exposure to endosomal pH environments, and interactions with endosomal membrane lipids. It is postulated that the amount of siRNA released from LNPs after going through these treatments can be used as a screening tool to rank order the effectiveness of siRNA delivery by lipid nanoparticles in vivo. LNPs were incubated with 50% serum from different species (i.e. mouse, rat, or rhesus) at 37°C. The resulting samples were then reacted with anionic, endosomal-mimicking lipids at different pHs. The amount of siRNA released from LNPs was determined using spectrophotometry employing the fluorescent indicator SYBR Gold. Our results indicated that the amount of siRNA liberated was highly dependent upon the species of serum used and the pH to which it was exposed. LNPs treated with mouse serum showed higher levels of siRNA release, as did those subjected to endosomal pH (6.0), compared to physiological pH. Most interestingly, a good correlation between the amount of siRNA released and the in vivo efficacy was observed. In conclusion, an in vitro siRNA release assay was developed to screen and rank order LNPs for in vivo evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Zhang
- Department of RNAi Therapeutics, Merck Research Laboratories, 770 Sumneytown Pike, West Point, 19486, USA.
| | - Leticia Arrington
- Department of RNAi Therapeutics, Merck Research Laboratories, 770 Sumneytown Pike, West Point, 19486, USA
| | - David Boardman
- Department of RNAi Therapeutics, Merck Research Laboratories, 770 Sumneytown Pike, West Point, 19486, USA
| | - Jared Davis
- Department of RNAi Therapeutics, Merck Research Laboratories, 770 Sumneytown Pike, West Point, 19486, USA
| | - Yan Xu
- Department of RNAi Therapeutics, Merck Research Laboratories, 770 Sumneytown Pike, West Point, 19486, USA
| | - Katie DiFelice
- Department of RNAi Therapeutics, Merck Research Laboratories, 770 Sumneytown Pike, West Point, 19486, USA
| | - Steve Stirdivant
- Department of RNAi Therapeutics, Merck Research Laboratories, 770 Sumneytown Pike, West Point, 19486, USA
| | - Weimin Wang
- Department of RNAi Therapeutics, Merck Research Laboratories, 770 Sumneytown Pike, West Point, 19486, USA
| | - Brian Budzik
- Department of RNAi Therapeutics, Merck Research Laboratories, 770 Sumneytown Pike, West Point, 19486, USA
| | - Jack Bawiec
- Department of RNAi Therapeutics, Merck Research Laboratories, 770 Sumneytown Pike, West Point, 19486, USA
| | - James Deng
- Department of RNAi Therapeutics, Merck Research Laboratories, 770 Sumneytown Pike, West Point, 19486, USA
| | - Greg Beutner
- Department of RNAi Therapeutics, Merck Research Laboratories, 770 Sumneytown Pike, West Point, 19486, USA
| | - Darla Seifried
- Department of RNAi Therapeutics, Merck Research Laboratories, 770 Sumneytown Pike, West Point, 19486, USA
| | - Matthew Stanton
- Department of RNAi Therapeutics, Merck Research Laboratories, 770 Sumneytown Pike, West Point, 19486, USA
| | - Marian Gindy
- Department of RNAi Therapeutics, Merck Research Laboratories, 770 Sumneytown Pike, West Point, 19486, USA
| | - Anthony Leone
- Department of RNAi Therapeutics, Merck Research Laboratories, 770 Sumneytown Pike, West Point, 19486, USA
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Teo BM, van der Westen R, Hosta-Rigau L, Städler B. Cell response to PEGylated poly(dopamine) coated liposomes considering shear stress. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2013; 1830:4838-47. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2013.06.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2013] [Revised: 06/06/2013] [Accepted: 06/17/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Loew M, Forsythe JC, McCarley RL. Lipid nature and their influence on opening of redox-active liposomes. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2013; 29:6615-23. [PMID: 23698020 PMCID: PMC3778659 DOI: 10.1021/la304340e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
The pathway for content release from reduction-sensitive liposomes based on a quinone-dioleoylphosphatidylethanolamine lipid conjugate (Q-DOPE) is outlined using results from fluorescent dye content release assays as well as single- and multiple-angle light scattering. Experimental observations are consistent with a shape/size change of the reduced liposomes prior to their aggregation, with subsequent near-quantitative content release achieved only when the lipid membrane experiences conditions favorable to a lamellar to an inverted hexagonal phase transition. Addition of poly(ethyleneglycol)-modified DOPE (PEG-DOPE) to the Q-DOPE liposomal formulation results in stabilization of the lipid bilayer, whereas incorporation of DOPE yields faster content release. At high DOPE concentrations, DOPE/PEG-DOPE/Q-DOPE liposomes exhibit larger content release, indicating a change in pathway for content release. The outcomes here provide a better understanding of the underlying principles of triggered liposomal content release and the potential utility of specific lipid properties for the rational design of drug delivery systems based on the novel Q-DOPE lipid.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Robin L. McCarley
- CORRESPONDING AUTHOR: Telephone: (225) 578-3239. Facsimile: (225) 578-3458.
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Polysaccharide-based micelles for drug delivery. Pharmaceutics 2013; 5:329-52. [PMID: 24300453 PMCID: PMC3834947 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics5020329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 153] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2013] [Revised: 05/09/2013] [Accepted: 05/16/2013] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Delivery of hydrophobic molecules and proteins has been an issue due to poor bioavailability following administration. Thus, micelle carrier systems are being investigated to improve drug solubility and stability. Due to problems with toxicity and immunogenicity, natural polysaccharides are being explored as substitutes for synthetic polymers in the development of new micelle systems. By grafting hydrophobic moieties to the polysaccharide backbone, self-assembled micelles can be readily formed in aqueous solution. Many polysaccharides also possess inherent bioactivity that can facilitate mucoadhesion, enhanced targeting of specific tissues, and a reduction in the inflammatory response. Furthermore, the hydrophilic nature of some polysaccharides can be exploited to enhance circulatory stability. This review will highlight the advantages of polysaccharide use in the development of drug delivery systems and will provide an overview of the polysaccharide-based micelles that have been developed to date.
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50
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Sakurai Y, Hatakeyama H, Sato Y, Hyodo M, Akita H, Harashima H. Gene silencing via RNAi and siRNA quantification in tumor tissue using MEND, a liposomal siRNA delivery system. Mol Ther 2013; 21:1195-203. [PMID: 23568259 DOI: 10.1038/mt.2013.57] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Small interfering RNA (siRNA) would be predicted to function as a cancer drug, but an efficient siRNA delivery system is required for clinical development. To address this issue, we developed a liposomal siRNA carrier, a multifunctional envelope-type nanodevice (MEND). We previously reported that a MEND composed of a pH-sensitive cationic lipid, YSK05, showed significant knockdown in both in vitro and in tumor tissue by intratumoral injection. Here, we report on the development of an in vivo siRNA delivery system that is delivered by systemic injection and an analysis of the pharmacokinetics of an intravenously administered siRNA molecule in tumor tissue. Tumor delivery of siRNA was quantified by means of stem-loop primer quantitative reverse transcriptase PCR (qRT-PCR) method. PEGylation of the YSK-MEND results in the increase in the accumulation of siRNA in tumor tissue from 0.0079% ID/g tumor to 1.9% ID/g tumor. The Administration of the MEND (3 mg siRNA/kg body weight) showed about a 50% reduction in the target gene mRNA and protein. Moreover, we verified the induction of RNA interference by 5' RACE-PCR method. The collective results reported here indicate that an siRNA carrier was developed that can deliver siRNA to a target cell in tumor tissue through an improved siRNA bioavailability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Sakurai
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
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