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Eberlein V, Rosencrantz S, Finkensieper J, Besecke JK, Mansuroglu Y, Kamp JC, Lange F, Dressman J, Schopf S, Hesse C, Thoma M, Fertey J, Ulbert S, Grunwald T. Mucosal immunization with a low-energy electron inactivated respiratory syncytial virus vaccine protects mice without Th2 immune bias. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1382318. [PMID: 38646538 PMCID: PMC11026718 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1382318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/23/2024] Open
Abstract
The respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a leading cause of acute lower respiratory tract infections associated with numerous hospitalizations. Recently, intramuscular (i.m.) vaccines against RSV have been approved for elderly and pregnant women. Noninvasive mucosal vaccination, e.g., by inhalation, offers an alternative against respiratory pathogens like RSV. Effective mucosal vaccines induce local immune responses, potentially resulting in the efficient and fast elimination of respiratory viruses after natural infection. To investigate this immune response to an RSV challenge, low-energy electron inactivated RSV (LEEI-RSV) was formulated with phosphatidylcholine-liposomes (PC-LEEI-RSV) or 1,2-dioleoyl-3-trimethylammonium-propane and 1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine (DD-LEEI-RSV) for vaccination of mice intranasally. As controls, LEEI-RSV and formalin-inactivated-RSV (FI-RSV) were used via i.m. vaccination. The RSV-specific immunogenicity of the different vaccines and their protective efficacy were analyzed. RSV-specific IgA antibodies and a statistically significant reduction in viral load upon challenge were detected in mucosal DD-LEEI-RSV-vaccinated animals. Alhydrogel-adjuvanted LEEI-RSV i.m. showed a Th2-bias with enhanced IgE, eosinophils, and lung histopathology comparable to FI-RSV. These effects were absent when applying the mucosal vaccines highlighting the potential of DD-LEEI-RSV as an RSV vaccine candidate and the improved performance of this mucosal vaccine candidate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Eberlein
- Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology IZI, Leipzig, Germany
- Fraunhofer Cluster of Excellence Immune-Mediated Diseases (CIMD), Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Sophia Rosencrantz
- Fraunhofer Cluster of Excellence Immune-Mediated Diseases (CIMD), Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- Fraunhofer Institute for Applied Polymer Research (IAP), Potsdam, Germany
| | - Julia Finkensieper
- Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology IZI, Leipzig, Germany
- Fraunhofer Cluster of Excellence Immune-Mediated Diseases (CIMD), Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Joana Kira Besecke
- Fraunhofer Cluster of Excellence Immune-Mediated Diseases (CIMD), Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- Fraunhofer Institute for Organic Electronics, Electron Beam and Plasma Technology (FEP), Dresden, Germany
| | - Yaser Mansuroglu
- Fraunhofer Cluster of Excellence Immune-Mediated Diseases (CIMD), Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology (ITMP), Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Jan-Christopher Kamp
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
- Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease Hannover (BREATH), Hannover, Germany
| | - Franziska Lange
- Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology IZI, Leipzig, Germany
- Fraunhofer Cluster of Excellence Immune-Mediated Diseases (CIMD), Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Jennifer Dressman
- Fraunhofer Cluster of Excellence Immune-Mediated Diseases (CIMD), Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology (ITMP), Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Simone Schopf
- Fraunhofer Cluster of Excellence Immune-Mediated Diseases (CIMD), Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- Fraunhofer Institute for Organic Electronics, Electron Beam and Plasma Technology (FEP), Dresden, Germany
| | - Christina Hesse
- Fraunhofer Cluster of Excellence Immune-Mediated Diseases (CIMD), Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease Hannover (BREATH), Hannover, Germany
- Fraunhofer Institute for Toxicology and Experimental Medicine (ITEM), Hannover, Germany
| | - Martin Thoma
- Fraunhofer Cluster of Excellence Immune-Mediated Diseases (CIMD), Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- Fraunhofer Institute for Manufacturing Engineering and Automation (IPA), Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Jasmin Fertey
- Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology IZI, Leipzig, Germany
- Fraunhofer Cluster of Excellence Immune-Mediated Diseases (CIMD), Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Sebastian Ulbert
- Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology IZI, Leipzig, Germany
- Fraunhofer Cluster of Excellence Immune-Mediated Diseases (CIMD), Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Thomas Grunwald
- Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology IZI, Leipzig, Germany
- Fraunhofer Cluster of Excellence Immune-Mediated Diseases (CIMD), Frankfurt am Main, Germany
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2
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Peng X, Zhou Y, Zhang B, Liang X, Feng J, Huang Y, Weng S, Xu Y, Su H. Mucosal recombinant BCG vaccine induces lung-resident memory macrophages and enhances trained immunity via mTORC2/HK1-mediated metabolic rewiring. J Biol Chem 2024; 300:105518. [PMID: 38042489 PMCID: PMC10788536 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2023.105518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2023] [Revised: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccination induces a type of immune memory known as "trained immunity", characterized by the immunometabolic and epigenetic changes in innate immune cells. However, the molecular mechanism underlying the strategies for inducing and/or boosting trained immunity in alveolar macrophages remains unknown. Here, we found that mucosal vaccination with the recombinant strain rBCGPPE27 significantly augmented the trained immune response in mice, facilitating a superior protective response against Mycobacterium tuberculosis and non-related bacterial reinfection in mice when compared to BCG. Mucosal immunization with rBCGPPE27 enhanced innate cytokine production by alveolar macrophages associated with promoted glycolytic metabolism, typical of trained immunity. Deficiency of the mammalian target of rapamycin complex 2 and hexokinase 1 abolished the immunometabolic and epigenetic rewiring in mouse alveolar macrophages after mucosal rBCGPPE27 vaccination. Most noteworthy, utilizing rBCGPPE27's higher-up trained effects: The single mucosal immunization with rBCGPPE27-adjuvanted coronavirus disease (CoV-2) vaccine raised the rapid development of virus-specific immunoglobulin G antibodies, boosted pseudovirus neutralizing antibodies, and augmented T helper type 1-biased cytokine release by vaccine-specific T cells, compared to BCG/CoV-2 vaccine. These findings revealed that mucosal recombinant BCG vaccine induces lung-resident memory macrophages and enhances trained immunity via reprogramming mTORC2- and HK-1-mediated aerobic glycolysis, providing new vaccine strategies for improving tuberculosis (TB) or coronavirus variant vaccinations, and targeting innate immunity via mucosal surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofei Peng
- The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Qingyuan People's Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangdong-HongKong-Macao Joint Laboratory of Respiratory Infectious Disease, GMU-GIBH Joint School of Life Science, The Guangdong-HongKong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Cell Fate Regulation and Diseases, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuting Zhou
- The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Qingyuan People's Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangdong-HongKong-Macao Joint Laboratory of Respiratory Infectious Disease, GMU-GIBH Joint School of Life Science, The Guangdong-HongKong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Cell Fate Regulation and Diseases, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Baoying Zhang
- The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Qingyuan People's Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangdong-HongKong-Macao Joint Laboratory of Respiratory Infectious Disease, GMU-GIBH Joint School of Life Science, The Guangdong-HongKong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Cell Fate Regulation and Diseases, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaotong Liang
- The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Qingyuan People's Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangdong-HongKong-Macao Joint Laboratory of Respiratory Infectious Disease, GMU-GIBH Joint School of Life Science, The Guangdong-HongKong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Cell Fate Regulation and Diseases, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jingyu Feng
- The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Qingyuan People's Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangdong-HongKong-Macao Joint Laboratory of Respiratory Infectious Disease, GMU-GIBH Joint School of Life Science, The Guangdong-HongKong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Cell Fate Regulation and Diseases, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuejun Huang
- The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Qingyuan People's Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangdong-HongKong-Macao Joint Laboratory of Respiratory Infectious Disease, GMU-GIBH Joint School of Life Science, The Guangdong-HongKong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Cell Fate Regulation and Diseases, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shufeng Weng
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Institute of Genetics, School of Life Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ying Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Institute of Genetics, School of Life Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Haibo Su
- The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Qingyuan People's Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangdong-HongKong-Macao Joint Laboratory of Respiratory Infectious Disease, GMU-GIBH Joint School of Life Science, The Guangdong-HongKong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Cell Fate Regulation and Diseases, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
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3
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Vergara EJ, Tran AC, Kim MY, Mussá T, Paul MJ, Harrison T, Reljic R. Mucosal and systemic immune responses after a single intranasal dose of nanoparticle and spore-based subunit vaccines in mice with pre-existing lung mycobacterial immunity. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1306449. [PMID: 38130713 PMCID: PMC10733481 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1306449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) is a major global health threat that claims more than one million lives annually. With a quarter of the global population harbouring latent TB, post-exposure vaccination aimed at high-risk populations that could develop active TB disease would be of great public health benefit. Mucosal vaccination is an attractive approach for a predominantly lung disease like TB because it elicits both local and systemic immunity. However, the immunological consequence of mucosal immunisation in the presence of existing lung immunity remains largely unexplored. Using a mycobacterial pre-exposure mouse model, we assessed whether pre-existing mucosal and systemic immune responses can be boosted and/or qualitatively altered by intranasal administration of spore- and nanoparticle-based subunit vaccines. Analysis of lung T cell responses revealed an increasing trend in the frequency of important CD4 and CD8 T cell subsets, and T effector memory cells with a Th1 cytokine (IFNγ and TNFα) signature among immunised mice. Additionally, significantly greater antigen specific Th1, Th17 and IL-10 responses, and antigen-induced T cell proliferation were seen from the spleens of immunised mice. Measurement of antigen-specific IgG and IgA from blood and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid also revealed enhanced systemic and local humoral immune responses among immunised animals. Lastly, peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) obtained from the TB-endemic country of Mozambique show that individuals with LTBI showed significantly greater CD4 T cell reactivity to the vaccine candidate as compared to healthy controls. These results support further testing of Spore-FP1 and Nano-FP1 as post-exposure TB vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emil Joseph Vergara
- Institute for Infection and Immunity, St. George’s University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Andy Cano Tran
- Institute for Infection and Immunity, St. George’s University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Mi-Young Kim
- Institute for Infection and Immunity, St. George’s University of London, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Molecular Biology, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Tufária Mussá
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Eduardo Mondlane University, Maputo, Mozambique
| | - Matthew J. Paul
- Institute for Infection and Immunity, St. George’s University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Thomas Harrison
- Institute for Infection and Immunity, St. George’s University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Rajko Reljic
- Institute for Infection and Immunity, St. George’s University of London, London, United Kingdom
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4
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Osman M, Park SL, Mackay LK. Tissue-resident memory T (T RM ) cells: Front-line workers of the immune system. Eur J Immunol 2023; 53:e2250060. [PMID: 36597841 DOI: 10.1002/eji.202250060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Revised: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Tissue-resident memory T (TRM ) cells play a vital role in local immune protection against infection and cancer. The location of TRM cells within peripheral tissues at sites of pathogen invasion allows for the rapid detection and elimination of microbes, making their generation an attractive goal for the development of next-generation vaccines. Here, we discuss differential requirements for CD8+ TRM cell development across tissues with implications for establishing local prophylactic immunity, emphasizing the role of tissue-derived factors, local antigen, and adjuvants on TRM cell generation in the context of vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maleika Osman
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne at The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Simone L Park
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne at The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Institute for Immunology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Laura K Mackay
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne at The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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Adler JM, Martin Vidal R, Voß A, Kunder S, Nascimento M, Abdelgawad A, Langner C, Vladimirova D, Osterrieder N, Gruber AD, Kunec D, Trimpert J. A non-transmissible live attenuated SARS-CoV-2 vaccine. Mol Ther 2023; 31:2391-2407. [PMID: 37263272 PMCID: PMC10214529 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2023.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Revised: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Live attenuated vaccines (LAVs) administered via the mucosal route may offer better control of the COVID-19 pandemic than non-replicating vaccines injected intramuscularly. Conceptionally, LAVs have several advantages, including presentation of the entire antigenic repertoire of the virus, and the induction of strong mucosal immunity. Thus, immunity induced by LAV could offer superior protection against future surges of COVID-19 cases caused by emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants. However, LAVs carry the risk of unintentional transmission. To address this issue, we investigated whether transmission of a SARS-CoV-2 LAV candidate can be blocked by removing the furin cleavage site (FCS) from the spike protein. The level of protection and immunity induced by the attenuated virus with the intact FCS was virtually identical to the one induced by the attenuated virus lacking the FCS. Most importantly, removal of the FCS completely abolished horizontal transmission of vaccine virus between cohoused hamsters. Furthermore, the vaccine was safe in immunosuppressed animals and showed no tendency to recombine in vitro or in vivo with a SARS-CoV-2 field strain. These results indicate that removal of the FCS from SARS-CoV-2 LAV is a promising strategy to increase vaccine safety and prevent vaccine transmission without compromising vaccine efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia M Adler
- Institut für Virologie, Freie Universität Berlin, 14163 Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Anne Voß
- Institut für Tierpathologie, Freie Universität Berlin, 14163 Berlin, Germany
| | - Sandra Kunder
- Institut für Tierpathologie, Freie Universität Berlin, 14163 Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Azza Abdelgawad
- Institut für Virologie, Freie Universität Berlin, 14163 Berlin, Germany
| | - Christine Langner
- Institut für Virologie, Freie Universität Berlin, 14163 Berlin, Germany
| | - Daria Vladimirova
- Institut für Virologie, Freie Universität Berlin, 14163 Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Achim D Gruber
- Institut für Tierpathologie, Freie Universität Berlin, 14163 Berlin, Germany
| | - Dusan Kunec
- Institut für Virologie, Freie Universität Berlin, 14163 Berlin, Germany
| | - Jakob Trimpert
- Institut für Virologie, Freie Universität Berlin, 14163 Berlin, Germany.
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6
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Chamorro BM, Luca KD, Swaminathan G, Rochereau N, Majorel J, Poulet H, Chanut B, Piney L, Mundt E, Paul S. Mucosal Vaccination with Live Attenuated Bordetella bronchiseptica Protects against Challenge in Wistar Rats. Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 11:vaccines11050982. [PMID: 37243086 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11050982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Revised: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Bordetella bronchiseptica (Bb) is a Gram-negative bacterium responsible for canine infectious respiratory disease complex (CIRDC). Several vaccines targeting this pathogen are currently licensed for use in dogs, but their mechanism of action and the correlates of protection are not fully understood. To investigate this, we used a rat model to examine the immune responses induced and the protection conferred by a canine mucosal vaccine after challenge. Wistar rats were vaccinated orally or intranasally on D0 and D21 with a live attenuated Bb vaccine strain. At D35, the rats of all groups were inoculated with 103 CFU of a pathogenic strain of B. bronchiseptica. Animals vaccinated via either the intranasal or the oral route had Bb-specific IgG and IgM in their serum and Bb-specific IgA in nasal lavages. Bacterial load in the trachea, lung, and nasal lavages was lower in vaccinated animals than in non-vaccinated control animals. Interestingly, coughing improved in the group vaccinated intranasally, but not in the orally vaccinated or control group. These results suggest that mucosal vaccination can induce mucosal immune responses and provide protection against a Bb challenge. This study also highlights the advantages of a rat model as a tool for studying candidate vaccines and routes of administration for dogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz Miguelena Chamorro
- CIRI-Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Team GIMAP (Saint-Etienne), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Inserm, U1111, CNRS, UMR5308, ENS Lyon, UJM, F69007 Lyon, France
- Boehringer Ingelheim, Global Innovation, F69800 Saint Priest, France
| | - Karelle De Luca
- Boehringer Ingelheim, Global Innovation, F69800 Saint Priest, France
| | - Gokul Swaminathan
- Boehringer Ingelheim, Global Innovation, F69800 Saint Priest, France
| | - Nicolas Rochereau
- CIRI-Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Team GIMAP (Saint-Etienne), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Inserm, U1111, CNRS, UMR5308, ENS Lyon, UJM, F69007 Lyon, France
| | - Jade Majorel
- CIRI-Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Team GIMAP (Saint-Etienne), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Inserm, U1111, CNRS, UMR5308, ENS Lyon, UJM, F69007 Lyon, France
| | - Hervé Poulet
- Boehringer Ingelheim, Global Innovation, F69800 Saint Priest, France
| | - Blandine Chanut
- CIRI-Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Team GIMAP (Saint-Etienne), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Inserm, U1111, CNRS, UMR5308, ENS Lyon, UJM, F69007 Lyon, France
| | - Lauriane Piney
- Boehringer Ingelheim, Global Innovation, F69800 Saint Priest, France
| | - Egbert Mundt
- Boehringer Ingelheim, Global Innovation, F69800 Saint Priest, France
| | - Stéphane Paul
- CIRI-Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Team GIMAP (Saint-Etienne), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Inserm, U1111, CNRS, UMR5308, ENS Lyon, UJM, F69007 Lyon, France
- 3CIC Inserm 1408 Vaccinology, F42023 Saint-Etienne, France
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Ebensen T, Arntz A, Schulze K, Hanefeld A, Guzmán CA, Scherließ R. Pulmonary Application of Novel Antigen-Loaded Chitosan Nano-Particles Co-Administered with the Mucosal Adjuvant C-Di-AMP Resulted in Enhanced Immune Stimulation and Dose Sparing Capacity. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15041238. [PMID: 37111723 PMCID: PMC10145907 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15041238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The most successful medical intervention for preventing infectious diseases is still vaccination. This effective strategy has resulted in decreased mortality and extended life expectancy. However, there is still a critical need for novel vaccination strategies and vaccines. Antigen cargo delivery by nanoparticle-based carriers could promote superior protection against constantly emerging viruses and subsequent diseases. This should be sustained by the induction of vigorous cellular and humoral immunity, capable of acting both at the systemic and mucosal levels. Induction of antigen-specific responses at the portal of entry of pathogens is considered an important scientific challenge. Chitosan, which is widely regarded as a biodegradable, biocompatible and non-toxic material for functionalized nanocarriers, as well as having adjuvant activity, enables antigen administration via less-invasive mucosal routes such as sublingual or pulmonic application route. In this proof of principle study, we evaluate the efficacy of chitosan nanocarriers loaded with the model antigen Ovalbumin (OVA) co-administrated with the STING agonist bis-(3',5')-cyclic dimeric adenosine monophosphate (c-di-AMP) given by pulmonary route. Here, BALB/c mice were immunized with four doses of the formulation that stimulates enhanced antigen-specific IgG titers in sera. In addition, this vaccine formulation also promotes a strong Th1/Th17 response characterized by high secretion of IFN-γ, IL-2 and IL-17, as well as induction of CD8+ T cells. Furthermore, the novel formulation exhibited strong dose-sparing capacity, enabling a 90% reduction of the antigen concentration. Altogether, our results suggest that chitosan nanocarriers, in combination with the mucosal adjuvant c-di-AMP, are a promising technology platform for the development of innovative mucosal vaccines against respiratory pathogens (e.g., Influenza or RSV) or for therapeutic vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Ebensen
- Department of Vaccinology and Applied Microbiology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), Inhoffenstr. 7, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Andrea Arntz
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics, Kiel University, Grasweg 9a, 24118 Kiel, Germany
| | - Kai Schulze
- Department of Vaccinology and Applied Microbiology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), Inhoffenstr. 7, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Andrea Hanefeld
- Merck KGaA, Frankfurter Straße 250, 64293 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Carlos A Guzmán
- Department of Vaccinology and Applied Microbiology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), Inhoffenstr. 7, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Regina Scherließ
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics, Kiel University, Grasweg 9a, 24118 Kiel, Germany
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8
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Kawagishi T, Sánchez-Tacuba L, Feng N, Costantini VP, Tan M, Jiang X, Green KY, Vinjé J, Ding S, Greenberg HB. Mucosal and systemic neutralizing antibodies to norovirus induced in infant mice orally inoculated with recombinant rotaviruses. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2214421120. [PMID: 36821582 PMCID: PMC9992845 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2214421120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Rotaviruses (RVs) preferentially replicate in the small intestine and frequently cause severe diarrheal disease, and the following enteric infection generally induces variable levels of protective systemic and mucosal immune responses in humans and other animals. Rhesus rotavirus (RRV) is a simian RV that was previously used as a human RV vaccine and has been extensively studied in mice. Although RRV replicates poorly in the suckling mouse intestine, infection induces a robust and protective antibody response. The recent availability of plasmid only-based RV reverse genetics systems has enabled the generation of recombinant RVs expressing foreign proteins. However, recombinant RVs have not yet been experimentally tested as potential vaccine vectors to immunize against other gastrointestinal pathogens in vivo. This is a newly available opportunity because several live-attenuated RV vaccines are already widely administered to infants and young children worldwide. To explore the feasibility of using RV as a dual vaccine vector, we rescued replication-competent recombinant RRVs harboring bicistronic gene segment 7 that encodes the native RV nonstructural protein 3 (NSP3) protein and a human norovirus (HuNoV) VP1 protein or P domain from the predominant genotype GII.4. The rescued viruses expressed HuNoV VP1 or P protein in infected cells in vitro and elicited systemic and local antibody responses to HuNoV and RRV following oral infection of suckling mice. Serum IgG and fecal IgA from infected suckling mice bound to and neutralized both RRV and HuNoV. These findings have encouraging practical implications for the design of RV-based next-generation multivalent enteric vaccines to target HuNoV and other human enteric pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takahiro Kawagishi
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA94305
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA94305
- Department of Veterans Affairs, VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA94304
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO63110
| | - Liliana Sánchez-Tacuba
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA94305
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA94305
- Department of Veterans Affairs, VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA94304
| | - Ningguo Feng
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA94305
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA94305
- Department of Veterans Affairs, VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA94304
| | - Veronica P. Costantini
- National Calicivirus Laboratory, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA30333
| | - Ming Tan
- Divison of Infectious Diseases, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH45229
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH45229
| | - Xi Jiang
- Divison of Infectious Diseases, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH45229
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH45229
| | - Kim Y. Green
- Laboratory of Infectious Disease, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, MD20892
| | - Jan Vinjé
- National Calicivirus Laboratory, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA30333
| | - Siyuan Ding
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO63110
| | - Harry B. Greenberg
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA94305
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA94305
- Department of Veterans Affairs, VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA94304
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9
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Cheng Y, Tu S, Chen T, Zou J, Wang S, Jiang M, Tian S, Guo Q, Suolang S, Zhou H. Evaluation of the Mucosal Immunity Effect of Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus Subunit Vaccine E2Fc and E2Ft. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24. [PMID: 36835584 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24044172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Revised: 02/12/2023] [Accepted: 02/12/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Classified as a class B infectious disease by the World Organization for Animal Health (OIE), bovine viral diarrhea/mucosal disease is an acute, highly contagious disease caused by the bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV). Sporadic endemics of BVDV often lead to huge economic losses to the dairy and beef industries. To shed light on the prevention and control of BVDV, we developed two novel subunit vaccines by expressing bovine viral diarrhea virus E2 fusion recombinant proteins (E2Fc and E2Ft) through suspended HEK293 cells. We also evaluated the immune effects of the vaccines. The results showed that both subunit vaccines induced an intense mucosal immune response in calves. Mechanistically, E2Fc bonded to the Fc γ receptor (FcγRI) on antigen-presenting cells (APCs) and promoted IgA secretion, leading to a stronger T-cell immune response (Th1 type). The neutralizing antibody titer stimulated by the mucosal-immunized E2Fc subunit vaccine reached 1:64, which was higher than that of the E2Ft subunit vaccine and that of the intramuscular inactivated vaccine. The two novel subunit vaccines for mucosal immunity developed in this study, E2Fc and E2Ft, can be further used as new strategies to control BVDV by enhancing cellular and humoral immunity.
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10
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Garcia‐del Rio L, Diaz‐Rodriguez P, Pedersen GK, Christensen D, Landin M. Sublingual Boosting with a Novel Mucoadhesive Thermogelling Hydrogel Following Parenteral CAF01 Priming as a Strategy Against Chlamydia trachomatis. Adv Healthc Mater 2022; 11:e2102508. [PMID: 35124896 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202102508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Revised: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Chlamydia trachomatis is the most prevalent sexually transmitted disease of bacterial origin. The high number of asymptomatic cases makes it difficult to stop the transmission, requiring vaccine development. Herein, a strategy is proposed to obtain local genital tract immunity against C. trachomatis through parenteral prime and sublingual boost. Subcutaneous administration of chlamydia CTH522 subunit vaccine loaded in the adjuvant CAF01 is combined with sublingual administration of CTH522 loaded in a novel thermosensitive and mucoadhesive hydrogel. Briefly, a ternary optimized hydrogel (OGEL) with desirable biological and physicochemical properties is obtained using artificial intelligence techniques. This formulation exhibits a high gel strength and a strong mucoadhesive, adhesive and cohesive nature. The thermosensitive properties of the hydrogel facilitate application under the tongue. Meanwhile the fast gelation at body temperature together with rapid antigen release should avoid CTH522 leakage by swallowing and increase the contact with sublingual tissue, thus promoting absorption. In vivo studies demonstrate that parenteral-sublingual prime-boost immunization, using CAF01 and OGEL as CTH522 vaccine carriers, shows a tendency to increase cellular (Th1/Th17) immune responses when compared to mucosal or parenteral vaccination alone. Furthermore, parenteral prime with CAF01/CTH522 followed by sublingual boosting with OGEL/CTH522 elicits a local IgA response in the genital tract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorena Garcia‐del Rio
- Departamento de Farmacología Farmacia y Tecnología Farmacéutica Grupo I+D Farma (GI‐1645) Agrupación Estratégica de Materiales (AeMat) Facultad de Farmacia Universidade de Santiago de Compostela Santiago de Compostela 15782 Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago de Compostela (IDIS) IDIS Research Institute Santiago de Compostela 15706 Spain
| | - Patricia Diaz‐Rodriguez
- Departamento de Farmacología Farmacia y Tecnología Farmacéutica Grupo I+D Farma (GI‐1645) Agrupación Estratégica de Materiales (AeMat) Facultad de Farmacia Universidade de Santiago de Compostela Santiago de Compostela 15782 Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago de Compostela (IDIS) IDIS Research Institute Santiago de Compostela 15706 Spain
| | - Gabriel Kristian Pedersen
- Department of Infectious Disease Immunology Statens Serum Institut Artillerivej 5 Copenhagen S 2300 Denmark
| | - Dennis Christensen
- Department of Infectious Disease Immunology Statens Serum Institut Artillerivej 5 Copenhagen S 2300 Denmark
| | - Mariana Landin
- Departamento de Farmacología Farmacia y Tecnología Farmacéutica Grupo I+D Farma (GI‐1645) Agrupación Estratégica de Materiales (AeMat) Facultad de Farmacia Universidade de Santiago de Compostela Santiago de Compostela 15782 Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago de Compostela (IDIS) IDIS Research Institute Santiago de Compostela 15706 Spain
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11
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Williams CM, Roy S, Sun W, Furuya AM, Wijesundara DK, Furuya Y. LUNG group 2 innate lymphoid cells as a new adjuvant target to enhance intranasal vaccine efficacy against influenza. Clin Transl Immunology 2022; 11:e1381. [PMID: 35356066 PMCID: PMC8958247 DOI: 10.1002/cti2.1381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Revised: 03/05/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2) are a relatively new class of innate immune cells. Lung ILC2 are early responders that secrete type 2 cytokines in response to danger ‘alarmin’ signals such as interleukin (IL)‐33 and thymic stromal lymphopoietin. Being an early source of type 2 cytokines, ILC2 are a critical regulator of type 2 immune cells of both innate and adaptive immune responses. The immune regulatory functions of ILC2 were mostly investigated in diseases where T helper 2 inflammation predominates. However, in recent years, it has been appreciated that the role of ILC2 extends to other pathological conditions such as cancer and viral infections. In this review, we will focus on the potential role of lung ILC2 in the induction of mucosal immunity against influenza virus infection and discuss the potential utility of ILC2 as a target for mucosal vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clare M Williams
- Department of Immunology and Microbial Disease Albany Medical College Albany NY USA
| | - Sreeja Roy
- Department of Immunology and Microbial Disease Albany Medical College Albany NY USA
| | - Wei Sun
- Department of Immunology and Microbial Disease Albany Medical College Albany NY USA
| | | | - Danushka K Wijesundara
- The School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences The Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology The University of Queensland Brisbane QLD Australia
| | - Yoichi Furuya
- Department of Immunology and Microbial Disease Albany Medical College Albany NY USA
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12
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Lee JS, Yoon S, Han SJ, Kim ED, Kim J, Shin HS, Seo KY. Eyedrop vaccination: an immunization route with promises for effective responses to pandemics. Expert Rev Vaccines 2021; 21:91-101. [PMID: 34788181 DOI: 10.1080/14760584.2022.2008246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Mucosal vaccines have several advantages over parenteral vaccines. They induce both systemic and mucosal antigen-specific immune responses, allow easy administration, and bypass the need for trained medical personnel. AREAS COVERED Eye mucosa is a novel route of mucosal vaccine administration. Eyedrop vaccination induces systemic and mucosal immune responses similar to other forms of mucosal vaccines such as oral and intranasal vaccines. EXPERT OPINION Eyedrop vaccines are free of serious adverse side effects like the infiltration of CNS by pathogens. Studies over the years have shown promising results for eye drop vaccines against infectious agents like the influenza virus, Salmonella typhi, and Escherichia coli in animal models. Such efficacy and safety of eyedrop vaccination enable the application of eyedrop vaccines against other infectious diseases as well as chronic diseases. In this review of published literature, we examine the mechanism, efficacy, and safety of eyedrop vaccines and contemplate their role in times of a pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jihei Sara Lee
- Department of Ophthalmology, Severance Hospital, Institute of Vision Research, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sangchul Yoon
- Department of Ophthalmology, Severance Hospital, Institute of Vision Research, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.,Department of Medical Humanities and Social Sciences, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Soo Jung Han
- Department of Ophthalmology, Severance Hospital, Institute of Vision Research, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Eun-Do Kim
- Department of Ophthalmology, Severance Hospital, Institute of Vision Research, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.,Brain Korea 21 Plus Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jiyeon Kim
- Department of Ophthalmology, Severance Hospital, Institute of Vision Research, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.,Brain Korea 21 Plus Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hae-Sol Shin
- Department of Ophthalmology, Severance Hospital, Institute of Vision Research, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.,Korea Mouse Sensory Phenotyping Center (Kmspc), Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyoung Yul Seo
- Department of Ophthalmology, Severance Hospital, Institute of Vision Research, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.,Korea Mouse Sensory Phenotyping Center (Kmspc), Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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13
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Nieto A, Mazón A, Nieto M, Calderón R, Calaforra S, Selva B, Uixera S, Palao MJ, Brandi P, Conejero L, Saz-Leal P, Fernández-Pérez C, Sancho D, Subiza JL, Casanovas M. Bacterial Mucosal Immunotherapy with MV130 Prevents Recurrent Wheezing in Children: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-controlled Clinical Trial. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2021; 204:462-472. [PMID: 33705665 PMCID: PMC8480240 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.202003-0520oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2020] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Rationale: Recurrent wheezing in children represents a severe public health concern. Wheezing attacks (WA), mainly associated with viral infections, lack effective preventive therapies. Objectives: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of mucosal sublingual immunotherapy based on whole inactivated bacteria (MV130) in preventing WA in children. Methods: A Phase 3 randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group trial including a cohort of 120 children <3 years old with ⩾3 WA during the previous year was conducted. Children with a positive skin test to common aeroallergens in the area where the clinical trial was performed were excluded from the trial. Subjects received MV130 or placebo daily for 6 months. The primary endpoint was the number of WA within 1 year after the first dose comparing MV130 and placebo. Measurements and Main Results: There was a significant lower number of WA in MV130 versus the placebo group, 3.0 (interquartile range [IQR], 2.0-4.0) versus 5.0 (IQR, 3.0-7.0) (P < 0.001). As secondary outcomes, a decrease in the duration of WA and a reduction in symptoms and medication scores in the MV130 versus placebo group were found. No adverse events were reported related to the active treatment. Conclusions: Mucosal bacterial immunotherapy with MV130 shows safety and clinical efficacy against recurrent WA in children.Clinical trial registered with www.clinicaltrials.gov (NCT01734811).
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Nieto
- Unidad de Neumología y Alergia Pediátrica, Instituto de Investigaciones Sanitarias, Hospital Universitario La Fe, Valencia, Spain
| | - Angel Mazón
- Unidad de Neumología y Alergia Pediátrica, Instituto de Investigaciones Sanitarias, Hospital Universitario La Fe, Valencia, Spain
| | - María Nieto
- Unidad de Neumología y Alergia Pediátrica, Instituto de Investigaciones Sanitarias, Hospital Universitario La Fe, Valencia, Spain
| | | | - Susana Calaforra
- Unidad de Neumología y Alergia Pediátrica, Instituto de Investigaciones Sanitarias, Hospital Universitario La Fe, Valencia, Spain
| | - Blanca Selva
- Unidad de Neumología y Alergia Pediátrica, Instituto de Investigaciones Sanitarias, Hospital Universitario La Fe, Valencia, Spain
| | - Sonia Uixera
- Unidad de Neumología y Alergia Pediátrica, Instituto de Investigaciones Sanitarias, Hospital Universitario La Fe, Valencia, Spain
| | | | - Paola Brandi
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares, Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | - Cristina Fernández-Pérez
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain
| | - David Sancho
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares, Madrid, Spain
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14
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Muñoz-Atienza E, Díaz-Rosales P, Tafalla C. Systemic and Mucosal B and T Cell Responses Upon Mucosal Vaccination of Teleost Fish. Front Immunol 2021; 11:622377. [PMID: 33664735 PMCID: PMC7921309 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.622377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Accepted: 12/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of mucosal vaccines against pathogens is currently a highly explored area of research in both humans and animals. This is due to the fact that mucosal vaccines have the potential to best elicit protective responses at these mucosal surfaces, which represent the frontline of host defense, thus blocking the pathogen at its initial replication sites. However, in order to provide an efficient long-lasting protection, these mucosal vaccines have to be capable of eliciting an adequate systemic immune response in addition to local responses. In aquaculture, the need for mucosal vaccines has further practical implications, as these vaccines would avoid the individual manipulation of fish out of the water, being beneficial from both an economic and animal welfare point of view. However, how B and T cells are organized in teleost fish within these mucosal sites and how they respond to mucosally delivered antigens varies greatly when compared to mammals. For this reason, it is important to establish which mucosally delivered antigens have the capacity to induce strong and long-lasting B and T cell responses. Hence, in this review, we have summarized what is currently known regarding the adaptive immune mechanisms that are induced both locally and systemically in fish after mucosal immunization through different routes of administration including oral and nasal vaccination, anal intubation and immersion vaccination. Finally, based on the data presented, we discuss how mucosal vaccination strategies could be improved to reach significant protection levels in these species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Estefanía Muñoz-Atienza
- Fish Immunology and Pathology Laboratory, Animal Health Research Centre (CISA-INIA), Madrid, Spain
| | - Patricia Díaz-Rosales
- Fish Immunology and Pathology Laboratory, Animal Health Research Centre (CISA-INIA), Madrid, Spain
| | - Carolina Tafalla
- Fish Immunology and Pathology Laboratory, Animal Health Research Centre (CISA-INIA), Madrid, Spain
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15
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Hanna CC, Ashhurst AS, Quan D, Maxwell JWC, Britton WJ, Payne RJ. Synthetic protein conjugate vaccines provide protection against Mycobacterium tuberculosis in mice. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:e2013730118. [PMID: 33468674 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2013730118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The global incidence of tuberculosis remains unacceptably high, with new preventative strategies needed to reduce the burden of disease. We describe here a method for the generation of synthetic self-adjuvanted protein vaccines and demonstrate application in vaccination against Mycobacterium tuberculosis Two vaccine constructs were designed, consisting of full-length ESAT6 protein fused to the TLR2-targeting adjuvants Pam2Cys-SK4 or Pam3Cys-SK4 These were produced by chemical synthesis using a peptide ligation strategy. The synthetic self-adjuvanting vaccines generated powerful local CD4+ T cell responses against ESAT6 and provided significant protection in the lungs from virulent M. tuberculosis aerosol challenge when administered to the pulmonary mucosa of mice. The flexible synthetic platform we describe, which allows incorporation of adjuvants to multiantigenic vaccines, represents a general approach that can be applied to rapidly assess vaccination strategies in preclinical models for a range of diseases, including against novel pandemic pathogens such as SARS-CoV-2.
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16
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Wang J, Peng Y, Xu H, Cui Z, Williams RO. The COVID-19 Vaccine Race: Challenges and Opportunities in Vaccine Formulation. AAPS PharmSciTech 2020; 21:225. [PMID: 32761294 PMCID: PMC7405756 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-020-01744-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 178] [Impact Index Per Article: 44.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Accepted: 07/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
In the race for a safe and effective vaccine against coronavirus disease (COVID)-19, pharmaceutical formulation science plays a critical role throughout the development, manufacturing, distribution, and vaccination phases. The proper choice of the type of vaccine, carrier or vector, adjuvant, excipients, dosage form, and route of administration can directly impact not only the immune responses induced and the resultant efficacy against COVID-19, but also the logistics of manufacturing, storing and distributing the vaccine, and mass vaccination. In this review, we described the COVID-19 vaccines that are currently tested in clinical trials and provided in-depth insight into the various types of vaccines, their compositions, advantages, and potential limitations. We also addressed how challenges in vaccine distribution and administration may be alleviated by applying vaccine-stabilization strategies and the use of specific mucosal immune response-inducing, non-invasive routes of administration, which must be considered early in the development process.
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17
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Lemoine C, Thakur A, Krajišnik D, Guyon R, Longet S, Razim A, Górska S, Pantelić I, Ilić T, Nikolić I, Lavelle EC, Gamian A, Savić S, Milicic A. Technological Approaches for Improving Vaccination Compliance and Coverage. Vaccines (Basel) 2020; 8:E304. [PMID: 32560088 PMCID: PMC7350210 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines8020304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2020] [Revised: 06/13/2020] [Accepted: 06/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Vaccination has been well recognised as a critically important tool in preventing infectious disease, yet incomplete immunisation coverage remains a major obstacle to achieving disease control and eradication. As medical products for global access, vaccines need to be safe, effective and inexpensive. In line with these goals, continuous improvements of vaccine delivery strategies are necessary to achieve the full potential of immunisation. Novel technologies related to vaccine delivery and route of administration, use of advanced adjuvants and controlled antigen release (single-dose immunisation) approaches are expected to contribute to improved coverage and patient compliance. This review discusses the application of micro- and nano-technologies in the alternative routes of vaccine administration (mucosal and cutaneous vaccination), oral vaccine delivery as well as vaccine encapsulation with the aim of controlled antigen release for single-dose vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Céline Lemoine
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Western Switzerland, University of Geneva, Rue Michel-Servet 1, 1221 Geneva, Switzerland;
- Vaccine Formulation Institute, Chemin des Aulx 14, 1228 Plan-les-Ouates, Switzerland
| | - Aneesh Thakur
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, 2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark;
| | - Danina Krajišnik
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Cosmetology, University of Belgrade-Faculty of Pharmacy, Vojvode Stepe 450, 11221 Belgrade, Serbia; (D.K.); (I.P.); (T.I.); (I.N.); (S.S.)
| | - Romain Guyon
- The Jenner Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus Research Building, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK;
| | - Stephanie Longet
- Virology & Pathogenesis Group, Public Health England, Manor Farm Road, Porton Down, Salisbury SP4 0JG, UK;
| | - Agnieszka Razim
- Department of Microbiology, Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, ul. Rudolfa Weigla 12, 53-114 Wroclaw, Poland; (A.R.); (S.G.)
| | - Sabina Górska
- Department of Microbiology, Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, ul. Rudolfa Weigla 12, 53-114 Wroclaw, Poland; (A.R.); (S.G.)
| | - Ivana Pantelić
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Cosmetology, University of Belgrade-Faculty of Pharmacy, Vojvode Stepe 450, 11221 Belgrade, Serbia; (D.K.); (I.P.); (T.I.); (I.N.); (S.S.)
| | - Tanja Ilić
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Cosmetology, University of Belgrade-Faculty of Pharmacy, Vojvode Stepe 450, 11221 Belgrade, Serbia; (D.K.); (I.P.); (T.I.); (I.N.); (S.S.)
| | - Ines Nikolić
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Cosmetology, University of Belgrade-Faculty of Pharmacy, Vojvode Stepe 450, 11221 Belgrade, Serbia; (D.K.); (I.P.); (T.I.); (I.N.); (S.S.)
| | - Ed C. Lavelle
- The Adjuvant Research Group, School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, DO2R590 Dublin, Ireland;
| | - Andrzej Gamian
- Department of Immunology of Infectious Diseases, Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, ul. Rudolfa Weigla 12, 53-114 Wroclaw, Poland;
| | - Snežana Savić
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Cosmetology, University of Belgrade-Faculty of Pharmacy, Vojvode Stepe 450, 11221 Belgrade, Serbia; (D.K.); (I.P.); (T.I.); (I.N.); (S.S.)
| | - Anita Milicic
- The Jenner Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus Research Building, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK;
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18
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Maia AR, Reyes-Ramírez R, Pizarro-Guajardo M, Saggese A, Castro-Córdova P, Isticato R, Ricca E, Paredes-Sabja D, Baccigalupi L. Induction of a Specific Humoral Immune Response by Nasal Delivery of Bcla2 ctd of Clostridioides difficile. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E1277. [PMID: 32074955 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21041277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2019] [Revised: 01/21/2020] [Accepted: 02/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Clostridioides difficile, formerly known as Clostridium difficile, is a spore-forming bacterium considered as the most common cause of nosocomial infections in developed countries. The spore of C. difficile is involved in the transmission of the pathogen and in its first interaction with the host; therefore, a therapeutic approach able to control C. difficile spores would improve the clearance of the infection. The C-terminal (CTD) end of BclA2, a spore surface protein of C. difficile responsible of the interaction with the host intestinal cells, was selected as a putative mucosal antigen. The BclA2 fragment, BclA2CTD, was purified and used to nasally immunize mice both as a free protein and after adsorption to the spore of Bacillus subtilis, a well-established mucosal delivery vehicle. While the adsorption to spores increased the in vitro stability of BclA2CTD, in vivo both free and spore-adsorbed BclA2CTD were able to induce a similar, specific humoral immune response in a murine model. Although in the experimental conditions utilized the immune response was not protective, the induction of specific IgG indicates that free or spore-bound BclA2CTD could act as a putative mucosal antigen targeting C. difficile spores.
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19
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Norling K, Bernasconi V, Agmo Hernández V, Parveen N, Edwards K, Lycke NY, Höök F, Bally M. Gel Phase 1,2-Distearoyl- sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine-Based Liposomes Are Superior to Fluid Phase Liposomes at Augmenting Both Antigen Presentation on Major Histocompatibility Complex Class II and Costimulatory Molecule Display by Dendritic Cells in Vitro. ACS Infect Dis 2019; 5:1867-1878. [PMID: 31498993 DOI: 10.1021/acsinfecdis.9b00189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Lipid-based nanoparticles have in recent years attracted increasing attention as pharmaceutical carriers. In particular, reports of them having inherent adjuvant properties combined with their ability to protect antigen from degradation make them suitable as vaccine vectors. However, the physicochemical profile of an ideal nanoparticle for vaccine delivery is still poorly defined. Here, we used an in vitro dendritic cell assay to assess the immunogenicity of a variety of liposome formulations as vaccine carriers and adjuvants. Using flow cytometry, we investigated liposome-assisted antigen presentation as well as the expression of relevant costimulatory molecules on the cell surface. Cytokine secretion was further evaluated with an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). We show that liposomes can successfully enhance antigen presentation and maturation of dendritic cells, as compared to vaccine fusion protein (CTA1-3Eα-DD) administered alone. In particular, the lipid phase state of the membrane was found to greatly influence the vaccine antigen processing by dendritic cells. As compared to their fluid phase counterparts, gel phase liposomes were more efficient at improving antigen presentation. They were also superior at upregulating the costimulatory molecules CD80 and CD86 as well as increasing the release of the cytokines IL-6 and IL-1β. Taken together, we demonstrate that gel phase liposomes, while nonimmunogenic on their own, significantly enhance the antigen-presenting ability of dendritic cells and appear to be a promising way forward to improve vaccine immunogenicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karin Norling
- Division of Biological Physics, Department of Physics, Chalmers University of Technology, 412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Valentina Bernasconi
- Mucosal Immunobiology and Vaccine Center (MIVAC), Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Gothenburg, 405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Víctor Agmo Hernández
- Department of Chemistry, BMC, Uppsala University, Box 599, 752 37 Uppsala, Sweden
- Department of Pharmacy, Uppsala University, Box 580, 751 23, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Nagma Parveen
- Division of Biological Physics, Department of Physics, Chalmers University of Technology, 412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Katarina Edwards
- Department of Chemistry, BMC, Uppsala University, Box 599, 752 37 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Nils Y. Lycke
- Mucosal Immunobiology and Vaccine Center (MIVAC), Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Gothenburg, 405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Fredrik Höök
- Division of Biological Physics, Department of Physics, Chalmers University of Technology, 412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Marta Bally
- Section of Virology, Department of Clinical Microbiology, Umeå University, 901 85 Umeå, Sweden
- Wallenberg Centre for Molecular Medicine, Umeå University, 901 85 Umeå, Sweden
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20
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Ukawa M, Tanishita S, Yagi H, Yoshida Y, Tomono T, Shigeno K, Tobita E, Uto T, Baba M, Sakuma S. Biodegradable Hyaluronic Acid Modified with Tetraglycine-l-octaarginine as a Safe Adjuvant for Mucosal Vaccination. Mol Pharm 2019; 16:1105-1118. [PMID: 30715891 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.8b01110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
We have been investigating the potential use of polymers modified with cell-penetrating peptides as an adjuvant for mucosal vaccination and have already developed nondegradable poly( N-vinylacetamide- co-acrylic acid) (PNVA- co-AA) with which d-octaarginine, a typical cell-penetrating peptide, was grafted. Our previous murine infection experiments demonstrated that immunoglobulin G (IgG) and immunoglobulin A (IgA) were induced in systemic circulation and secreted on nasal mucosa, respectively, through 4-time nasal inoculations with a mixture of influenza viral antigens and d-octaarginine-linked PNVA- co-AA at 7-day intervals, and that immunized mice were perfectly protected from homologous virus infection. In the present study, we designed novel biodegradable polymers bearing cell-penetrating peptides from a perspective of clinical application. Hyaluronic acid whose glucuronic acid was modified with tetraglycine-l-octaarginine at a monosaccharide unit ratio of 30% was successfully developed. The hyaluronic acid derivative exhibited adjuvant activities identical to PNVA- co-AA bearing either d-octaarginine or tetraglycine-d-octaarginine under the above-mentioned inoculation schedule. We further found that there was no difference in humoral immunity between the 4-time inoculations at 7-day intervals and the 2-time inoculations at 28-day intervals. Intranasal IgA induced through the latter schedule with a smaller number of inoculations, which is clinically practical, exhibited cross-reactivity beyond the subtype of viral strains. In vitro toxicity studies demonstrated that the hyaluronic acid derivative was much less toxic than the corresponding PNVA- co-AA derivatives, and that both the polymers and their metabolites did not exhibit genotoxicity. Our results suggested that tetraglycine-l-octaarginine-linked hyaluronic acid would be a clinically valuable and safe adjuvant for mucosal vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masami Ukawa
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Setsunan University , 45-1, Nagaotoge-cho , Hirakata , Osaka 573-0101 , Japan
| | - Sohei Tanishita
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Setsunan University , 45-1, Nagaotoge-cho , Hirakata , Osaka 573-0101 , Japan
| | - Haruya Yagi
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Setsunan University , 45-1, Nagaotoge-cho , Hirakata , Osaka 573-0101 , Japan
| | - Yuki Yoshida
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Setsunan University , 45-1, Nagaotoge-cho , Hirakata , Osaka 573-0101 , Japan
| | - Takumi Tomono
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Setsunan University , 45-1, Nagaotoge-cho , Hirakata , Osaka 573-0101 , Japan
| | - Koichi Shigeno
- Life Science Materials Laboratory , ADEKA Co. , 7-2-34, Higashiogu , Arakawa-ku , Tokyo 116-8553 , Japan
| | - Etsuo Tobita
- Life Science Materials Laboratory , ADEKA Co. , 7-2-34, Higashiogu , Arakawa-ku , Tokyo 116-8553 , Japan
| | - Tomofumi Uto
- Faculty of Medicine , University of Miyazaki , Kihara 5200, Kiyotake , Miyazaki 889-1692 , Japan
| | - Masanori Baba
- Center for Chronic Viral Diseases , Kagoshima University , 8-35-1, Sakuragaoka , Kagoshima 890-8544 , Japan
| | - Shinji Sakuma
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Setsunan University , 45-1, Nagaotoge-cho , Hirakata , Osaka 573-0101 , Japan
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21
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Date Y, Ebisawa M, Fukuda S, Shima H, Obata Y, Takahashi D, Kato T, Hanazato M, Nakato G, Williams IR, Hase K, Ohno H. NALT M cells are important for immune induction for the common mucosal immune system. Int Immunol 2018; 29:471-478. [PMID: 29186424 DOI: 10.1093/intimm/dxx064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2017] [Accepted: 11/26/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Nasopharynx-associated lymphoid tissue (NALT) is one of the major constituents of the mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT), and has the ability to induce antigen-specific immune responses. However, the molecular mechanisms responsible for antigen uptake from the nasal cavity into the NALT remain largely unknown. Immunohistochemical analysis showed that CCL9 and CCL20 were co-localized with glycoprotein 2 (GP2) in the epithelium covering NALT, suggesting the existence of M cells in NALT. In analogy with the reduced number of Peyer's patch M cells in CCR6-deficient mice, the number of NALT M cells was drastically decreased in CCR6-deficient mice compared with the wild-type mice. Translocation of nasally administered Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium into NALT via NALT M cells was impaired in CCR6-deficient mice, whereas S. Typhimurium demonstrated consistent co-localization with NALT M cells in wild-type mice. When wild-type mice were nasally administered with an attenuated vaccine strain of S. Typhimurium, the mice were protected from a subsequent challenge with wild-type S. Typhimurium. Antigen-specific fecal and nasal IgA was detected after nasal immunization with the attenuated vaccine strain of S. Typhimurium only in wild-type mice but not in CCR6-deficient mice. Taken together, these observations demonstrate that NALT M cells are important as a first line of defense against infection by enabling activation of the common mucosal immune system (CMIS).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuhiro Date
- RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences (IMS), Kanagawa, Japan.,Graduate School of Medical Life Science, Yokohama City University, Kanagawa, Japan.,RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Masashi Ebisawa
- RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences (IMS), Kanagawa, Japan.,Graduate School of Medical Life Science, Yokohama City University, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Shinji Fukuda
- RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences (IMS), Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Hideaki Shima
- RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences (IMS), Kanagawa, Japan.,Graduate School of Medical Life Science, Yokohama City University, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Yuuki Obata
- RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences (IMS), Kanagawa, Japan.,Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Daisuke Takahashi
- RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences (IMS), Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Tamotsu Kato
- RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences (IMS), Kanagawa, Japan.,Graduate School of Medical Life Science, Yokohama City University, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Misaho Hanazato
- RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences (IMS), Kanagawa, Japan.,Graduate School of Medical Life Science, Yokohama City University, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Gaku Nakato
- RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences (IMS), Kanagawa, Japan.,Graduate School of Medical Life Science, Yokohama City University, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Ifor R Williams
- Department of Pathology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Koji Hase
- RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences (IMS), Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Ohno
- RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences (IMS), Kanagawa, Japan.,Graduate School of Medical Life Science, Yokohama City University, Kanagawa, Japan.,Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
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22
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Kato G, Miyazawa H, Nakayama Y, Ikari Y, Kondo H, Yamaguchi T, Sano M, Fischer U. A Novel Antigen-Sampling Cell in the Teleost Gill Epithelium With the Potential for Direct Antigen Presentation in Mucosal Tissue. Front Immunol 2018; 9:2116. [PMID: 30294324 PMCID: PMC6158387 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.02116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2018] [Accepted: 08/28/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
In mammals, M cells can take up antigens through mucosal surfaces of the gut and the respiratory tract. Since M cells are deficient of lysosomes and phagosomes, the antigens are directly delivered to the mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) without degradation. In teleost fish, the entire body surface (gills, skin, and intestinal system) is covered by mucus; however, specific antigen-sampling cells have not yet been identified in their mucosal tissues. Here, we show that two phenotypes of antigen-sampling cells take up antigens through epithelial surfaces of the rainbow trout gill. One phenotype of antigen-sampling cells has features of monocyte/macrophage/dendritic cell-type cells; they have large vacuoles in the cytoplasm and express PTPRC (CD45), CD83, IL-1β, and IL-12p40b. The second phenotype exhibits similar characteristics to mammalian M cells; the corresponding cells bind the lectin UEA-1 but not WGA and show expression of M cell marker gene Anxa5. In contrast to mammalian M cells, teleost M-type cells were found to exhibit small vacuoles in their cytoplasm and to express almost all genes related to the “phagosome”, “lysosome,” and “antigen processing and presentation” pathways. Furthermore, MHC class II was constitutively expressed on a fraction of M-type cells, and this expression was significantly increased after antigen uptake, suggesting that the MHC class II is inducible by antigen stimulation. Here, we suggest that teleost M-type cells play a role in the phylogenetically primitive teleost immune system, similar to bona-fide M cells. In addition, the presence of MHC class II expression suggests an additional role in antigen presentation in the gills, which are an organ with high T cell abundance, especially in interbranchial lymphoid tissue. The present results suggest an unconventional antigen presentation mechanism in the primitive mucosal immune system of teleosts, which generally lack highly organized lymphoid tissues. Moreover, the results of this work may be valuable for the development of mucosal vaccines that specifically target M-type cells; mucosal vaccines significantly reduce working costs and the stress that is usually induced by vaccination via injection of individual fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Goshi Kato
- Department of Marine Biosciences, Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Haruya Miyazawa
- Department of Marine Biosciences, Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yumiko Nakayama
- Department of Marine Biosciences, Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuki Ikari
- Department of Marine Biosciences, Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hidehiro Kondo
- Department of Marine Biosciences, Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takuya Yamaguchi
- Institute of Infectology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institute, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany
| | - Motohiko Sano
- Department of Marine Biosciences, Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Uwe Fischer
- Institute of Infectology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institute, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany
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Bernasconi V, Bernocchi B, Ye L, Lê MQ, Omokanye A, Carpentier R, Schön K, Saelens X, Staeheli P, Betbeder D, Lycke N. Porous Nanoparticles With Self-Adjuvanting M2e-Fusion Protein and Recombinant Hemagglutinin Provide Strong and Broadly Protective Immunity Against Influenza Virus Infections. Front Immunol 2018; 9:2060. [PMID: 30271406 PMCID: PMC6146233 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.02060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2018] [Accepted: 08/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Due to the high risk of an outbreak of pandemic influenza, the development of a broadly protective universal influenza vaccine is highly warranted. The design of such a vaccine has attracted attention and much focus has been given to nanoparticle-based influenza vaccines which can be administered intranasally. This is particularly interesting since, contrary to injectable vaccines, mucosal vaccines elicit local IgA and lung resident T cell immunity, which have been found to correlate with stronger protection in experimental models of influenza virus infections. Also, studies in human volunteers have indicated that pre-existing CD4+ T cells correlate well to increased resistance against infection. We have previously developed a fusion protein with 3 copies of the ectodomain of matrix protein 2 (M2e), which is one of the most explored conserved influenza A virus antigens for a broadly protective vaccine known today. To improve the protective ability of the self-adjuvanting fusion protein, CTA1-3M2e-DD, we incorporated it into porous maltodextrin nanoparticles (NPLs). This proof-of-principle study demonstrates that the combined vaccine vector given intranasally enhanced immune protection against a live challenge infection and reduced the risk of virus transmission between immunized and unimmunized individuals. Most importantly, immune responses to NPLs that also contained recombinant hemagglutinin (HA) were strongly enhanced in a CTA1-enzyme dependent manner and we achieved broadly protective immunity against a lethal infection with heterosubtypic influenza virus. Immune protection was mediated by enhanced levels of lung resident CD4+ T cells as well as anti-HA and -M2e serum IgG and local IgA antibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Bernasconi
- Mucosal Immunobiology and Vaccine Center, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Beatrice Bernocchi
- Lille Inflammation Research International Center - U995, University of Lille, INSERM and CHU Lille, Lille, France
| | - Liang Ye
- Institute of Virology, University Medical Center Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Minh Quan Lê
- Lille Inflammation Research International Center - U995, University of Lille, INSERM and CHU Lille, Lille, France
| | - Ajibola Omokanye
- Mucosal Immunobiology and Vaccine Center, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Rodolphe Carpentier
- Lille Inflammation Research International Center - U995, University of Lille, INSERM and CHU Lille, Lille, France
| | - Karin Schön
- Mucosal Immunobiology and Vaccine Center, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Xavier Saelens
- VIB-UGent Center for Medical Biotechnology, Ghent, Belgium.,Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Peter Staeheli
- Institute of Virology, University Medical Center Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Didier Betbeder
- Lille Inflammation Research International Center - U995, University of Lille, INSERM and CHU Lille, Lille, France.,Faculté des Sciences du Sport, University of Artois, Arras, France
| | - Nils Lycke
- Mucosal Immunobiology and Vaccine Center, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
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24
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Mohri K, Miyata K, Egawa T, Tanishita S, Endo R, Yagi H, Ukawa M, Ochiai K, Hiwatari KI, Tsubaki K, Shigeno K, Tobita E, Uto T, Baba M, Sakuma S. Effects of the Chemical Structures of Oligoarginines Conjugated to Biocompatible Polymers as a Mucosal Adjuvant on Antibody Induction in Nasal Cavities. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 2018; 66:375-381. [PMID: 29607903 DOI: 10.1248/cpb.c17-00834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
We have been investigating the potential of oligoarginine-linked polymers as an adjuvant for mucosal vaccination that induces immunoglobulin G (IgG) in systemic circulation and immunoglobulin A (IgA) secreted on the mucosa. Our latest infection experiments demonstrated that mice immunized nasally with a mixture of inactivated influenza viruses and poly(N-vinylacetamide-co-acrylic acid) (PNVA-co-AA) modified with D-octaarginine were perfectly protected from homologous virus infection. On the contrary, virus infection was observed in mice immunized with the antigen alone. This difference was presumably due to insignificant induction of secreted IgA on the nasal mucosa in the latter mice. Since it was unclear whether the current induction level was sufficient for heterologous virus infection, we evaluated the effects of the chemical structures of oligoarginines conjugated to PNVA-co-AA on induction of intranasal IgA. The number and optical activity of the arginine residues and the degree of modification with oligoarginines in the polymer backbone were listed as a factor that would influence IgA induction. Mouse experiments revealed that maximization of the modification resulted in an increase in adjuvant activities of oligoarginine-linked polymers most effectively. Glycine segments inserted between oligoarginines and the polymer backbone were a prerequisite for the maximization. The highest IgA level was observed when antigens were coadministered with diglycine-D-octaarginine-linked PNVA-co-AA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kohta Mohri
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Setsunan University
| | - Kohei Miyata
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Setsunan University.,Life Science Materials Laboratory, ADEKA Co
| | - Tomomi Egawa
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Setsunan University
| | | | - Rikito Endo
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Setsunan University
| | - Haruya Yagi
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Setsunan University
| | - Masami Ukawa
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Setsunan University
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Masanori Baba
- Center for Chronic Viral Diseases, Kagoshima University
| | - Shinji Sakuma
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Setsunan University
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25
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Pasternak JA, Hamonic G, Van Kessel J, Wheler CL, Dyck MK, Wilson HL. Intrauterine vaccination induces a dose-sensitive primary humoral response with limited evidence of recall potential. Am J Reprod Immunol 2018; 80:e12855. [PMID: 29607560 DOI: 10.1111/aji.12855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2018] [Accepted: 03/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
PROBLEM Induction of the local mucosal immune system within the reproductive tract is widely considered to be a key component in the development of effective prophylactic vaccines to control the spread of sexually transmitted infections. Here, we examine the capacity of the upper reproductive tract to act as a site of immune induction following. METHOD OF STUDY Two vaccines formulated with a triple adjuvant combination and either recombinant bovine herpesvirus (tgD) protein or ovalbumin (OVA) were delivered at varying doses to the uterine lumen of rabbits and the resulting immune response evaluated after 32 days. RESULTS Intrauterine vaccination produced a dose-dependent induction of both antigen-specific IgG and IgA in serum. Both uterine and broncheoalveolar lavage of the high and medium-dose vaccine group contained a significant increase in both anti-OVA and anti-tgD IgG, but no significant quantities of antigen-specific IgA were observed. The restimulation of splenocytes from the high-dose vaccine group with ovalbumin (OVA) only resulted in a small but significant increase in gene expression of the Th1 cytokines (IL2/IFNγ) in the absence of an observable increase in proliferation. CONCLUSION Collectively, the results confirm the capacity of the uterine immune system to generate a primary response following stimulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Alexander Pasternak
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Organization-International Vaccine Centre (VIDO-InterVac), University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Glenn Hamonic
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Organization-International Vaccine Centre (VIDO-InterVac), University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Jill Van Kessel
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Organization-International Vaccine Centre (VIDO-InterVac), University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Colette L Wheler
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Organization-International Vaccine Centre (VIDO-InterVac), University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Michael K Dyck
- Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Heather L Wilson
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Organization-International Vaccine Centre (VIDO-InterVac), University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
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26
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Steigler P, Daniels NJ, McCulloch TR, Ryder BM, Sandford SK, Kirman JR. BCG vaccination drives accumulation and effector function of innate lymphoid cells in murine lungs. Immunol Cell Biol 2018; 96:379-389. [PMID: 29363172 DOI: 10.1111/imcb.12007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2017] [Revised: 11/30/2017] [Accepted: 01/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The tuberculosis (TB) vaccine bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG) prevents disseminated childhood TB; however, it fails to protect against the more prevalent pulmonary TB. Limited understanding of the immune response to Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the causative agent of TB, has hindered development of improved vaccines. Although memory CD4 T cells are considered the main mediators of protection against TB, recent studies suggest there are other key subsets that contribute to antimycobacterial immunity. To that end, innate cells may be involved in the protective response. In this study, we investigated the primary response of innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) to BCG exposure. Using a murine model, we showed that ILCs increased in number in the lungs and lymph nodes in response to BCG vaccination. Additionally, there was significant production of the antimycobacterial cytokine IFN-γ by ILCs. As ILCs are located at mucosal sites, it was investigated whether mucosal vaccination (intranasal) stimulated an enhanced response compared to the traditional vaccination approach (intradermal or subcutaneous). Indeed, in response to intranasal vaccination, the number of ILCs, and IFN-γ production in NK cells and ILC1s in the lungs and lymph nodes, were higher than that provoked through intradermal or subcutaneous vaccination. This work provides the first evidence that BCG vaccination activates ILCs, paving the way for future research to elucidate the protective potential of ILCs against mycobacterial infection. Additionally, the finding that lung ILCs respond rigorously to mucosal vaccination may have implications for the delivery of novel TB vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pia Steigler
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Naomi J Daniels
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Tim R McCulloch
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand.,The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Brin M Ryder
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Sarah K Sandford
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Joanna R Kirman
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
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27
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Abstract
To date, most of the licensed vaccines for mucosal delivery are based on live-attenuated viruses which carry the risk of regaining their pathogenicity. Therefore, the development of efficient nonviral vectors allowing the induction of potent humoral and cell-mediated immunity is regarded as an imperative scientific challenge as well as a commercial breakthrough for the pharma industries. For a successful translation to the clinic, such nanocarriers should protect the antigens from mucosal enzymes, facilitate antigen uptake by microfold cells and allow the copresentation of robust, safe for human use, mucosal adjuvants to antigen-presenting cells. Finally, the developed formulations should exhibit accuracy regarding the administered dose, a major drawback of mucosal vaccines in comparison with parenteral ones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Kammona
- Chemical Process & Energy Resources Institute, Centre for Research & Technology Hellas, PO Box 60361, 57001 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Vassilis Bourganis
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, PO Box 472, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Theodora Karamanidou
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, PO Box 472, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Costas Kiparissides
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, PO Box 472, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece.,Chemical Process & Energy Resources Institute, Centre for Research & Technology Hellas, PO Box 60361, 57001 Thessaloniki, Greece
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28
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Caetano LA, Figueiredo L, Almeida AJ, Gonçalves LMD. BCG-loaded chitosan microparticles: interaction with macrophages and preliminary in vivo studies. J Microencapsul 2017; 34:203-217. [PMID: 28378596 DOI: 10.1080/02652048.2017.1316325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to develop a novel BCG-loaded chitosan vaccine with high association efficiency which can afford efficient interaction with APC and elicit local and Th1-type-specific immune response after intranasal administration. Chitosan-suspended BCG and BCG-loaded chitosan-alginate microparticles were prepared by ionotropic gelation. Interaction with APC was evaluated by fluorescence microscopy using rBCG-GFP. Specific immune responses were evaluated following intranasal immunisation of mice. Cellular uptake was approximately two-fold higher for chitosan-suspended BCG. A single dose of BCG-loaded microparticles or chitosan-suspended BCG by intranasal route improved Th1-type response compared with subcutaneous BCG. Chitosan-suspended BCG originated the highest mucosal response in the lungs by intranasal route. These positive results indicate that the proposed approach of whole live BCG microencapsulation in chitosan-alginate for intranasal immunisation was successful in allowing efficient interaction with APC, while improving the cellular immune response, which is of interest for local immunisation against tuberculosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liliana Aranha Caetano
- a Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy , University of Lisbon , Lisbon , Portugal.,b Department of Ciências e Tecnologias Laboratoriais e Saúde Comunitária, ESTeSL - Escola Superior de Tecnologia da Saúde de Lisboa , Instituto Politécnico de Lisboa , Lisbon , Portugal
| | - Lara Figueiredo
- a Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy , University of Lisbon , Lisbon , Portugal
| | - António J Almeida
- a Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy , University of Lisbon , Lisbon , Portugal
| | - L M D Gonçalves
- a Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy , University of Lisbon , Lisbon , Portugal
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29
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Abstract
The mucosal surfaces represent the major site of entry of many pathogens, and major challenges in vaccine development include safety and stability in a suitable dosage form. Micro- and nanocarrier-based delivery systems as nasal vaccines induce humoral, cellular, and mucosal immunity. The nasal route of vaccination could also offer immunity at several distant mucosal sites (oral, rectal, vaginal, and pulmonary), which is considered a simplified and cost-effective mode of vaccination with enhanced patient compliance. Most of the nasal vaccine delivery systems in the form of microparticulates, nanoparticulates, and liposomes are currently under development and prove to offer immunity in animal models. The importance and potential of the nasal route of administration for vaccines is unexplored, and this chapter outlines the opportunities, challenges, and potential delivery solutions to facilitate the development of improved nasal vaccines for infectious diseases.
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30
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Stinson E, Smith LP, Cole KS, Barry EM, Reed DS. Respiratory and oral vaccination improves protection conferred by the live vaccine strain against pneumonic tularemia in the rabbit model. Pathog Dis 2016; 74:ftw079. [PMID: 27511964 DOI: 10.1093/femspd/ftw079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/04/2016] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Tularemia is a severe, zoonotic disease caused by a gram-negative bacterium, Francisella tularensis We have previously shown that rabbits are a good model of human pneumonic tularemia when exposed to aerosols containing a virulent, type A strain, SCHU S4. We further demonstrated that the live vaccine strain (LVS), an attenuated type B strain, extended time to death when given by scarification. Oral or aerosol vaccination has been previously shown in humans to offer superior protection to parenteral vaccination against respiratory tularemia challenge. Both oral and aerosol vaccination with LVS were well tolerated in the rabbit with only minimal fever and no weight loss after inoculation. Plasma antibody titers against F. tularensis were higher in rabbits that were vaccinated by either oral or aerosol routes compared to scarification. Thirty days after vaccination, all rabbits were challenged with aerosolized SCHU S4. LVS given by scarification extended time to death compared to mock-vaccinated controls. One orally vaccinated rabbit did survive aerosol challenge, however, only aerosol vaccination extended time to death significantly compared to scarification. These results further demonstrate the utility of the rabbit model of pneumonic tularemia in replicating what has been reported in humans and macaques as well as demonstrating the utility of vaccination by oral and respiratory routes against an aerosol tularemia challenge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Stinson
- Center for Vaccine Research, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA
| | - Le'Kneitah P Smith
- Center for Vaccine Research, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA
| | - Kelly Stefano Cole
- Center for Vaccine Research, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA
| | - Eileen M Barry
- Center for Vaccine Development, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Douglas S Reed
- Center for Vaccine Research, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA
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Muto K, Kamei N, Yoshida M, Takayama K, Takeda-Morishita M. Cell-Penetrating Peptide Penetratin as a Potential Tool for Developing Effective Nasal Vaccination Systems. J Pharm Sci 2016; 105:2014-2017. [PMID: 27155764 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2016.03.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2016] [Revised: 03/10/2016] [Accepted: 03/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Nasal vaccination is considered an attractive strategy to prevent the infection and spread of viruses. However, the vaccine formulations available on the market remain imperfect on account of their limited effectiveness. In the present study, we hypothesized that the nasal coadministration of antigens with cell-penetrating peptides promotes antigen delivery immune response in the nasal mucosa, thereby enhancing the production of mucosal IgA and systemic IgG. The levels of ovalbumin (OVA)-specific IgG and IgA in plasma and nasal perfusate, respectively, increased after 2 or 4 weeks on nasal coadministration of OVA with l- or d-penetratin, suggesting that OVA antigen was effectively delivered by penetratin to the nasal epithelium. An additional study demonstrated that the production of systemic IgG and nasal mucosal IgA against influenza A virus was specifically promoted by nasal coadministration of influenza A virus with d-penetratin. The results of this study suggested that cell-penetrating peptides are a promising tool for the delivery of vaccines to the nasal mucosa and for the subsequent dual stimulation of systemic and mucosal immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keiya Muto
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Hoshi University, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 142-8501, Japan
| | - Noriyasu Kamei
- Laboratory of Drug Delivery Systems, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kobe Gakuin University, Kobe, Hyogo 650-8586, Japan
| | - Mia Yoshida
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Hoshi University, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 142-8501, Japan
| | - Kozo Takayama
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Hoshi University, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 142-8501, Japan
| | - Mariko Takeda-Morishita
- Laboratory of Drug Delivery Systems, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kobe Gakuin University, Kobe, Hyogo 650-8586, Japan.
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Cotta KI, Addo RT, D'Souza MJ. Evaluation of the Intestinal Colonizing Potential and Immunomodulating Capacity of Lactobacilli Microspheres. J Pharm Sci 2016; 105:1721-1732. [PMID: 27044945 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2016.02.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2015] [Revised: 02/03/2016] [Accepted: 02/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Lactobacilli species get degraded by acidic conditions in the stomach. Thus, the objective of this study was to (1) formulate and characterize gastro-resistant Lactobacilli microspheres and (2) evaluate the ability of Lactobacilli microspheres to colonize the intestine and their capacity to have an immunomodulating effect in vivo. The product yield and the encapsulation efficiency were 45% and 100%, respectively. The average microsphere particle size was 5 μm. Lactobacilli microspheres were most stable at 4°C and showed a better suspendibility in distilled water. Without encapsulation, the viability of bacteria decreased within 30 min. In the case of Lactobacilli microspheres, no Lactobacilli were released in the first 3 h, and highest release was observed at 4 h, thus, suggesting the significance of encapsulation of Lactobacilli. Lactobacilli microspheres maintained intestinal colonization only during the dosing period, and the serum IgG, serum IgA, fecal, intestinal, nasal IgA, and the serum interleukin-1β levels were higher in the Lactobacilli microsphere group compared with the blank microsphere and the lactobacilli solution group, suggesting that the Lactobacilli microspheres were more gastro-resistant and, hence, showed positive effects compared with the Lactobacilli solution. However, the Lactobacilli microspheres did not have a significant effect on the tumor necrosis factor-α levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karyn I Cotta
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, South University School of Pharmacy, South University, Savannah, Georgia 31406.
| | | | - Martin J D'Souza
- College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Mercer University, Atlanta, Georgia 30341.
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Abstract
Fish are subjected to several insults from the environment, which may endanger animal survival. Mucosal surfaces are the first line of defense against these threats, acting as a physical barrier to protect the animal but also functioning as an active immune tissue. Thus, four mucosal-associated lymphoid tissues (MALTs), which lead the immune responses in gut, skin, gills, and nose, have been described in fish. Humoral and cellular immunity, as well as their regulation and the factors that influence the response in these mucosal lymphoid tissues, are still not well known in most fish species. Mucosal B-lymphocytes and immunoglobulins (Igs) are key players in the immune response that takes place in those MALTs. The existence of IgT as a mucosal specialized Ig gives us the opportunity of measuring specific responses after infection or vaccination, a fact that was not possible until recently in most fish species. The vaccination process is influenced by several factors, being stress one of the main stimuli determining the success of the vaccine. Thus, one of the major goals in a vaccination process is to avoid possible situations of stress, which might interfere with fish immune performance. However, interaction between immune and neuroendocrine systems at mucosal tissues is still unknown. In this review, we will summarize the latest findings about B-lymphocytes and Igs in mucosal immunity and the effect of stress and vaccination on B-cell response at mucosal sites. It is important to point out that a limited number of studies have been published regarding stress in mucosa and very few about the influence of stress over mucosal B-lymphocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Parra
- Animal Physiology Unit, Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, School of Biosciences, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona , Cerdanyola del Valles , Spain
| | - Felipe E Reyes-Lopez
- Animal Physiology Unit, Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, School of Biosciences, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona , Cerdanyola del Valles , Spain
| | - Lluis Tort
- Animal Physiology Unit, Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, School of Biosciences, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona , Cerdanyola del Valles , Spain
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Budimir N, de Haan A, Meijerhof T, Gostick E, Price DA, Huckriede A, Wilschut J. Heterosubtypic cross-protection induced by whole inactivated influenza virus vaccine in mice: influence of the route of vaccine administration. Influenza Other Respir Viruses 2013; 7:1202-9. [PMID: 24102979 PMCID: PMC4112805 DOI: 10.1111/irv.12142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/23/2013] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Development of influenza vaccines capable of inducing broad protection against different virus subtypes is necessary given the ever‐changing viral genetic landscape. Previously, we showed that vaccination with whole inactivated virus (WIV) induces heterosubtypic protection against lethal virus infection in mice. Whole inactivated virus‐induced cross‐protection was found to be mediated primarily by flu‐specific CD8+ T cells. Objectives As it has been demonstrated that the route of vaccine administration strongly influences both the quantity and quality of vaccine‐induced immunity, in this study, we determined which route of WIV administration induces optimal heterosubtypic cross‐protection. Methods We compared the magnitude of the immune response and heterosubtypic protection against lethal A/PR/8/34 (H1N1) infection after subcutaneous (SC), intramuscular (IM), and intranasal (IN) vaccination with A/NIBRG‐14 (H5N1) WIV. Results Subcutaneous and IM administration was superior to IN administration of influenza WIV in terms of flu‐specific CD8+ T‐cell induction and protection of mice against lethal heterosubtypic challenge. Surprisingly, despite the very low flu‐specific CD8+ T‐cell responses detected in IN‐vaccinated mice, these animals were partially protected, most likely due to cross‐reactive IgA antibodies. Conclusion The results of this study show that the magnitude of WIV‐induced flu‐specific CD8+ T‐cell activity depends on the applied vaccination route. We conclude that parenteral administration of WIV vaccine, in particular IM injection, is superior to IN vaccine delivery for the induction of heterosubtypic cross‐protection and generally appears to elicit stronger immune responses than mucosal vaccination with WIV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalija Budimir
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Molecular Virology Section, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
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Abstract
The two principal antibody classes present in saliva are secretory IgA (SIgA) and IgG; the former is produced as dimeric IgA by local plasma cells (PCs) in the stroma of salivary glands and is transported through secretory epithelia by the polymeric Ig receptor (pIgR), also named membrane secretory component (SC). Most IgG in saliva is derived from the blood circulation by passive leakage mainly via gingival crevicular epithelium, although some may be locally produced in the gingiva or salivary glands. Gut-associated lymphoid tissue (GALT) and nasopharynx-associated lymphoid tissue (NALT) do not contribute equally to the pool of memory/effector B cells differentiating to mucosal PCs throughout the body. Thus, enteric immunostimulation may not be the best way to activate the production of salivary IgA antibodies although the level of specific SIgA in saliva may still reflect an intestinal immune response after enteric immunization. It remains unknown whether the IgA response in submandibular/sublingual glands is better related to B-cell induction in GALT than the parotid response. Such disparity is suggested by the levels of IgA in submandibular secretions of AIDS patients, paralleling their highly upregulated intestinal IgA system, while the parotid IgA level is decreased. Parotid SIgA could more consistently be linked to immune induction in palatine tonsils/adenoids (human NALT) and cervical lymph nodes, as supported by the homing molecule profile observed after immune induction at these sites. Several other variables influence the levels of antibodies in salivary secretions. These include difficulties with reproducibility and standardization of immunoassays, the impact of flow rate, acute or chronic stress, protein loss during sample handling, and uncontrolled admixture of serum-derived IgG and monomeric IgA. Despite these problems, saliva is an easily accessible biological fluid with interesting scientific and clinical potentials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Per Brandtzaeg
- Per Brandtzaeg, Department of Pathology, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, PO Box 4950 Oslo, NO-0424 Norway. Tel: +47-23072743, Fax: 47-23071511.
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Kawana K, Adachi K, Kojima S, Kozuma S, Fujii T. Therapeutic Human Papillomavirus (HPV) Vaccines: A Novel Approach. Open Virol J 2012; 6:264-9. [PMID: 23341862 PMCID: PMC3547358 DOI: 10.2174/1874357901206010264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2012] [Revised: 07/28/2012] [Accepted: 08/10/2012] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Cervical cancer is the second largest cause of cancer-related death in women worldwide, and it occurs following persistent infection, sometimes for decades, with a specific subset of human papillomavirus (HPV) types; the approximately 13 oncogenic subtypes. Prophylactic vaccines against HPV infections hold promise for cost-effective reductions in the incidence of cervical cancer, but this may not be enough. Two prophylactic HPV vaccines are presently available and both contain L1 virus-like particles (VLPs) derived from the HPV subtypes most frequently associated with cervical cancer, HPV-16 and -18. Since the L1-VLP vaccines can only effectively prevent infection by the specific HPV subtype against which the vaccine was developed, cervical cancers caused by high-risk HPV subtypes other than HPV-16 and -18 may still occur in recipients of the current HPV vaccines. Furthermore, HPV vaccination coverage for adolescents is insufficient in most countries and therefore even HPV-16 and -18 infections are unlikely to be fully eradicated using the existing strategies. The development of HPV therapeutic vaccines remains essential. Many therapeutic vaccines aimed at clearing HPV-related cervical lesions have been developed and tested in patients with HPV16-positive cervical intraepithelial lesions (CIN) or cervical cancers. To date, definitive clinical efficacy and appropriate immunological responses have never been demonstrated for cervical neoplasia although promising results have been reported in patients with vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia. Here we discuss shortcomings of previous HPV therapeutic vaccine candidates and propose a novel vaccination strategy that leverages newly gained knowledge about mucosal immunity and the induction of mucosal immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kei Kawana
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyoku, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
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Awaad A, Nakamura M, Ishimura K. Histochemical and biochemical analysis of the size-dependent nanoimmunoresponse in mouse Peyer's patches using fluorescent organosilica particles. Int J Nanomedicine 2012; 7:1423-39. [PMID: 22619503 PMCID: PMC3356209 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s28675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background/objective The size-dependent mucosal immunoresponse against nanomaterials (nanoimmunoresponse) is an important approach for mucosal vaccination. In the present work, the size-dependent nanoimmunoresponse of mouse Peyer’s patches (PPs) and immunoglobulin A (IgA) level was investigated using fluorescent thiol-organosilica particles. Methods Various sizes of fluorescent thiol-organosilica particles (100, 180, 365, 745, and 925 nm in diameter) were administered orally. PPs were analyzed histochemically, and IgA levels in PP homogenates, intestinal secretions around PPs, and bile were analyzed biochemically. Results When compared with the larger particles (745 and 925 nm), oral administration of smaller thiol-organosilica particles (100, 180, and 365 nm) increased the number of CD11b+ macrophages and IgA+ cells in the subepithelial domes of the PPs. Additionally, administration of larger particles induced the expression of alpha-L-fucose and mucosal IgA on the surface of M cells in the follicle-associated epithelia of PPs and increased the number of 33D1+ dendritic cells in the subepithelial domes of the PPs. IgA contents in the bile and PP homogenates were high after the administration of the 100 nm particles, but IgA levels in the intestinal secretions were high after the administration of the 925 nm particles. Two size-dependent routes of IgA secretions into the intestinal lumen, the enterohepatic route for smaller particles and the mucosal route for larger particles were proposed. Conclusion Thiol-organosilica particles demonstrated size-dependent nanoimmunoresponse after oral administration. The size of the particles may control the mucosal immunity in PPs and were useful in mucosal vaccination approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aziz Awaad
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, the University of Tokushima Graduate School, Kuramoto, Tokushima, Japan
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Abstract
It is well known that mucosal tissues contain the largest surface area of the human body and are the front line of natural host defense against various pathogens. In fact, more than 80% of infectious disease pathogens probably gain entry into the susceptible human hosts through open mucosal surfaces. Human immunodeficiency virus type one (HIV-1), a mainly sexually transmitted virus, also primarily targets the vaginal and gastrointestinal mucosa as entry sites for viral transmission, seeding, replication and amplification. Since HIV-1 establishes its early replication in vaginal or rectal mucosal tissues, the induction of sufficient mucosal immunity at the initial site of HIV-1 transmission becomes essential for a protective vaccine. However, despite the fact that current conventional vaccine strategies have remained unsuccessful in preventing HIV-1 infection, sufficient financial support and resources have yet to be given to develop a vaccine able to elicit protective mucosal immunity against sexual transmissions. Interestingly, Chinese ancestors invented variolation through intranasal administration about one thousand years ago, which led to the discovery of a successful smallpox vaccine and the final eradication of the disease. It is the hope for all mankind that the development of a mucosal AIDS vaccine will ultimately help control the AIDS pandemic. In order to discover an effective mucosal AIDS vaccine, it is necessary to have a deep understanding of mucosal immunology and to test various mucosal vaccination strategies.
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Santi L, Batchelor L, Huang Z, Hjelm B, Kilbourne J, Arntzen CJ, Chen Q, Mason HS. An efficient plant viral expression system generating orally immunogenic Norwalk virus-like particles. Vaccine 2008; 26:1846-54. [PMID: 18325641 PMCID: PMC2744496 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2008.01.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2007] [Revised: 01/23/2008] [Accepted: 01/29/2008] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Virus-like particles (VLPs) derived from enteric pathogens like Norwalk virus (NV) are well suited to study oral immunization. We previously described stable transgenic plants that accumulate recombinant NV-like particles (rNVs) that were orally immunogenic in mice and humans. The transgenic approach suffers from long generation time and modest level of antigen accumulation. We now overcome these constraints with an efficient tobacco mosaic virus (TMV)-derived transient expression system using leaves of Nicotiana benthamiana. We produced properly assembled rNV at 0.8 mg/g leaf 12 days post-infection (dpi). Oral immunization of CD1 mice with 100 or 250 microg/dose of partially purified rNV elicited systemic and mucosal immune responses. We conclude that the plant viral transient expression system provides a robust research tool to generate abundant quantities of rNV as enriched, concentrated VLP preparations that are orally immunogenic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Santi
- The Biodesign Institute and School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287-5401, USA
- Department of Biology, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, via della Ricerca Scientifica, 1 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Lance Batchelor
- The Biodesign Institute and School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287-5401, USA
| | - Zhong Huang
- The Biodesign Institute and School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287-5401, USA
| | - Brooke Hjelm
- The Biodesign Institute and School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287-5401, USA
| | - Jacquelyn Kilbourne
- The Biodesign Institute and School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287-5401, USA
| | - Charles J. Arntzen
- The Biodesign Institute and School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287-5401, USA
| | - Qiang Chen
- The Biodesign Institute and School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287-5401, USA
- Department of Applied Biological Sciences, Arizona State University, Mesa, AZ 85212, USA
| | - Hugh S. Mason
- The Biodesign Institute and School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287-5401, USA
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