1
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Dunbar KJ, Karakasheva TA, Tang Q, Efe G, Lin EW, Harris M, Sahu V, Sachdeva UM, Hu J, Klein-Szanto AJ, Henick B, Diehl JA, Nakagawa H, Rustgi AK. Tumor-Derived CCL5 Recruits Cancer-Associated Fibroblasts and Promotes Tumor Cell Proliferation in Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Mol Cancer Res 2023; 21:741-752. [PMID: 37027010 PMCID: PMC10330279 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-22-0872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Revised: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023]
Abstract
Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAF) can promote tumor growth, metastasis, and therapeutic resistance in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC), but the mechanisms of action remain elusive. Our objective was to identify secreted factor(s) that mediate the communication between CAFs and ESCC tumor cells with the aim of identifying potential druggable targets. Through unbiased cytokine arrays, we have identified CC motif chemokine ligand 5 (CCL5) as a secreted factor that is increased upon co-culture of ESCC cells and CAFs, which we replicated in esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC) with CAFs. Loss of tumor-cell-derived CCL5 reduces ESCC cell proliferation in vitro and in vivo and we propose this is mediated, in part, by a reduction in ERK1/2 signaling. Loss of tumor-derived CCL5 reduces the percentage of CAFs recruited to xenograft tumors in vivo. CCL5 is a ligand for the CC motif receptor 5 (CCR5), for which a clinically approved inhibitor exists, namely Maraviroc. Maraviroc treatment reduced tumor volume, CAF recruitment, and ERK1/2 signaling in vivo, thus, mimicking the effects observed with genetic loss of CCL5. High CCL5 or CCR5 expression is associated with worse prognosis in low-grade esophageal carcinomas. IMPLICATIONS These data highlight the role of CCL5 in tumorigenesis and the therapeutic potential of targeting the CCL5-CCR5 axis in ESCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen J. Dunbar
- Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Tatiana A. Karakasheva
- Gastrointestinal Epithelium Modeling Program, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Qiaosi Tang
- Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Gizem Efe
- Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Eric W. Lin
- Gastrointestinal Unit, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Michael Harris
- Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Varun Sahu
- Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Uma M. Sachdeva
- Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jianhua Hu
- Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Andres J. Klein-Szanto
- Department of Pathology and Cancer Biology Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Brian Henick
- Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - J. Alan Diehl
- Department of Biochemistry, Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Hiroshi Nakagawa
- Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Anil K. Rustgi
- Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
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2
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Glessner JT, Chang X, Mentch F, Qu H, Abrams DJ, Thomas A, Sleiman PMA, Hakonarson H. COVID-19 in pediatrics: Genetic susceptibility. Front Genet 2022; 13:928466. [PMID: 36051697 PMCID: PMC9425045 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.928466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The uptick in SARS-CoV-2 infection has resulted in a worldwide COVID-19 pandemic, which has created troublesome health and economic problems. We performed case–control meta-analyses in both African and European ethnicity COVID-19 disease cases based on laboratory test and phenotypic criteria. The cases had laboratory-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection. We uniquely investigated COVID infection genetics in a pediatric population. Our cohort has a large African ancestry component, also unique to our study. We tested for genetic variant association in 498 cases vs. 1,533 controls of African ancestry and 271 cases vs. 855 controls of European ancestry. We acknowledge that the sample size is relatively small, owing to the low prevalence of COVID infection among pediatric individuals. COVID-19 cases averaged 13 years of age. Pediatric genetic studies enhance the ability to detect genetic associations with a limited possible environment impact. Our findings support the notion that some genetic variants, most notably at the SEMA6D, FMN1, ACTN1, PDS5B, NFIA, ADGRL3, MMP27, TENM3, SPRY4, MNS1, and RSU1 loci, play a role in COVID-19 infection susceptibility. The pediatric cohort also shows nominal replication of previously reported adult study results: CCR9, CXCR6, FYCO1, LZTFL1, TDGF1, CCR1, CCR2, CCR3, CCR5, MAPT-AS1, and IFNAR2 gene variants. Reviewing the biological roles of genes implicated here, NFIA looks to be the most interesting as it binds to a palindromic sequence observed in both viral and cellular promoters and in the adenovirus type 2 origin of replication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph T. Glessner
- Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- *Correspondence: Joseph T. Glessner,
| | - Xiao Chang
- Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Frank Mentch
- Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Huiqi Qu
- Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Debra J. Abrams
- Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Alexandria Thomas
- Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Patrick M. A. Sleiman
- Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Hakon Hakonarson
- Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
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3
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Structural basis for chemokine recognition and receptor activation of chemokine receptor CCR5. Nat Commun 2021; 12:4151. [PMID: 34230484 PMCID: PMC8260604 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-24438-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The chemokine receptor CCR5 plays a vital role in immune surveillance and inflammation. However, molecular details that govern its endogenous chemokine recognition and receptor activation remain elusive. Here we report three cryo-electron microscopy structures of Gi1 protein-coupled CCR5 in a ligand-free state and in complex with the chemokine MIP-1α or RANTES, as well as the crystal structure of MIP-1α-bound CCR5. These structures reveal distinct binding modes of the two chemokines and a specific accommodate pattern of the chemokine for the distal N terminus of CCR5. Together with functional data, the structures demonstrate that chemokine-induced rearrangement of toggle switch and plasticity of the receptor extracellular region are critical for receptor activation, while a conserved tryptophan residue in helix II acts as a trigger of receptor constitutive activation.
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Fradico JRB, Campi-Azevedo AC, Peruhype-Magalhães V, Coelho-Dos-Reis JGA, Faria ES, Drumond BP, de Rezende IM, Almeida JF, da Silva RB, Gusmão JD, Arcoverde Medeiros EL, Rodrigues RCM, Ribeiro JGL, Pereira MA, Silva MVF, Rocha MLC, Adelino TER, de Melo Iani FC, Pereira GC, Fernandes EG, Auxiliadora-Martins M, Valim V, de Souza Gomes M, Amaral LR, Romano APM, Ramos DG, Carvalho SMD, Fantinato FFST, do Carmo Said RF, Teixeira-Carvalho A, Martins-Filho OA. CCL3, CCL5, IL-15, IL-1Ra and VEGF compose a reliable algorithm to discriminate classes of adverse events following 17DD-YF primary vaccination according to cause-specific definitions. Vaccine 2021; 39:4359-4372. [PMID: 34147295 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2021.05.101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Revised: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 05/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
In the present study, a range of serum biomarkers were quantified in suspected cases of adverse events following YF immunization (YEL-AEFI) to propose a reliable laboratorial algorithm to discriminate confirmed YEL-AEFI ("A1" class) from cases with other illnesses ("C" class). Our findings demonstrated that increased levels of CXCL8, CCL2, CXCL10, IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α were observed in YEL-AEFI ("A1" and "C" classes) as compared to primary vaccines without YEL-AEFI [PV(day 3-28)] and reference range (RR) controls. Notably, increased levels of CCL3, CCL4, CCL2, CCL5, IL-1β, IL-15, IL-1Ra and G-CSF were found in "A1" as compared to "C" class. Venn diagrams analysis allowed the pre-selection of biomarkers for further analysis of performance indices. Data demonstrated that CCL3, CCL5, IL-15 and IL-1Ra presented high global accuracy (AUC = 1.00) to discriminate "A1" from "C". Decision tree was proposed with a reliable algorithm to discriminate YEL-AEFI cases according to cause-specific definitions with outstanding overall accuracy (91%). CCL3, CCL5, IL-15 and IL-1Ra appears as root attributes to identify "A1" followed by VEGF as branch nodes to discriminate Wild Type YFV infection ("C(WT-YFV)") from cases with other illnesses ("C*"). Together, these results demonstrated the applicability of serum biomarker measurements as putative parameters towards the establishment of accurate laboratorial tools for complementary differential diagnosis of YEL-AEFI cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordana Rodrigues Barbosa Fradico
- Grupo Integrado de Pesquisas em Biomarcadores, Instituto René Rachou, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz - FIOCRUZ-Minas, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.
| | - Ana Carolina Campi-Azevedo
- Grupo Integrado de Pesquisas em Biomarcadores, Instituto René Rachou, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz - FIOCRUZ-Minas, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.
| | - Vanessa Peruhype-Magalhães
- Grupo Integrado de Pesquisas em Biomarcadores, Instituto René Rachou, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz - FIOCRUZ-Minas, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Jordana Grazziela Alves Coelho-Dos-Reis
- Grupo Integrado de Pesquisas em Biomarcadores, Instituto René Rachou, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz - FIOCRUZ-Minas, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil; Laboratório de Virologia Básica e Aplicada, Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Elaine Spezialli Faria
- Grupo Integrado de Pesquisas em Biomarcadores, Instituto René Rachou, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz - FIOCRUZ-Minas, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Betânia Paiva Drumond
- Laboratório de Vírus, Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Izabela Maurício de Rezende
- Laboratório de Vírus, Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Maira Alves Pereira
- Laboratório Central de Saúde Pública, Fundação Ezequiel Dias - FUNED, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | | | - Marília Lima Cruz Rocha
- Laboratório Central de Saúde Pública, Fundação Ezequiel Dias - FUNED, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | | | | | - Glauco Carvalho Pereira
- Laboratório Central de Saúde Pública, Fundação Ezequiel Dias - FUNED, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Eder Gatti Fernandes
- Divisão de Imunização, Centro de Vigilância Epidemiológica Professor Alexandre Vranjac. Coordenadoria de Controle de Doenças. Secretaria de Estado de Saúde de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Maria Auxiliadora-Martins
- Hospital das Clínicas - HC, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto - FMRP, Universidade de São Paulo - USP, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Valéria Valim
- Divisão de Reumatologia, Hospital Universitário Cassiano Antônio de Moraes, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo - UFES, Vitória, ES, Brazil
| | - Matheus de Souza Gomes
- Laboratório de Bioinformática e Análises Moleculares, Rede Multidisciplinar de Pesquisa, Ciência e Tecnologia, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Campus Patos de Minas, MG, Brazil
| | - Laurence Rodrigues Amaral
- Laboratório de Bioinformática e Análises Moleculares, Rede Multidisciplinar de Pesquisa, Ciência e Tecnologia, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Campus Patos de Minas, MG, Brazil
| | - Alessandro Pecego Martins Romano
- Departamento de Imunização e Vigilância das Doenças Transmissíveis, Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde, Ministério da Saúde, Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | - Daniel Garkauskas Ramos
- Departamento de Imunização e Vigilância das Doenças Transmissíveis, Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde, Ministério da Saúde, Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | - Sandra Maria Deotti Carvalho
- Departamento de Imunização e Vigilância das Doenças Transmissíveis, Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde, Ministério da Saúde, Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | | | - Rodrigo Fabiano do Carmo Said
- Secretaria de Estado de Saúde de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil; Departamento de Imunização e Vigilância das Doenças Transmissíveis, Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde, Ministério da Saúde, Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | - Andréa Teixeira-Carvalho
- Grupo Integrado de Pesquisas em Biomarcadores, Instituto René Rachou, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz - FIOCRUZ-Minas, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Olindo Assis Martins-Filho
- Grupo Integrado de Pesquisas em Biomarcadores, Instituto René Rachou, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz - FIOCRUZ-Minas, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
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Udhaya Kumar S, Madhana Priya N, Thirumal Kumar D, Anu Preethi V, Kumar V, Nagarajan D, Magesh R, Younes S, Zayed H, George Priya Doss C. An integrative analysis to distinguish between emphysema (EML) and alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency-related emphysema (ADL)-A systems biology approach. ADVANCES IN PROTEIN CHEMISTRY AND STRUCTURAL BIOLOGY 2021; 127:315-342. [PMID: 34340772 DOI: 10.1016/bs.apcsb.2021.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Lung Emphysema is an abnormal enlargement of the air sacs followed by the destruction of alveolar walls without any prominent fibrosis. This study primarily identifies the differentially expressed genes (DEGs), interactions between them, and their significant involvement in the activated signaling cascades. The dataset with ID GSE1122 (five normal lung tissue samples, five of usual emphysema, and five of alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency-related emphysema) from the gene expression omnibus (GEO) was analyzed using the GEO2R tool. The physical association between the DEGs were mapped using the STRING tool and was visualized in the Cytoscape software. The enriched functional processes were identified with the ClueGO plugin's help from Cytoscape. Further integrative functional annotation was performed by implying the GeneGo Metacore™ to distinguish the enriched pathway maps, process networks, and GO processes. The results from this analysis revealed the critical signaling cascades that have been either activated or inhibited due to identified DEGs. We found the activated pathways such as immune response IL-1 signaling pathway, positive regulation of smooth muscle migration, BMP signaling pathway, positive regulation of leukocyte migration, NIK/NF-kappB signaling, and cytochrome-c oxidase activity. Finally, we mapped four crucial genes (CCL5, ALK, TAC1, CD74, and HLA-DOA) by comparing the functional annotations that could be significantly influential in emphysema molecular pathogenesis. Our study provides insights into the pathogenesis of emphysema and helps in developing potential drug targets against emphysema.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Udhaya Kumar
- School of BioSciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - N Madhana Priya
- Department of Biotechnology, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research (DU), Porur, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - D Thirumal Kumar
- Meenakshi Academy of Higher Education and Research, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - V Anu Preethi
- School of Computer Science and Engineering, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Vibhaa Kumar
- School of BioSciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Dhanushya Nagarajan
- School of BioSciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - R Magesh
- Department of Biotechnology, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research (DU), Porur, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Salma Younes
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Health and Sciences, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Hatem Zayed
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Health and Sciences, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - C George Priya Doss
- School of BioSciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India.
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6
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CCR5 maintains macrophages in the bone marrow and drives hematopoietic failure in a mouse model of severe aplastic anemia. Leukemia 2021; 35:3139-3151. [PMID: 33744909 DOI: 10.1038/s41375-021-01219-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Revised: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Severe aplastic anemia (SAA) is an acquired, T cell-driven bone marrow (BM) failure disease characterized by elevated interferon gamma (IFNγ), loss of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs), and altered BM microenvironment, including dysfunctional macrophages (MΦs). T lymphocytes are therapeutic targets for treating SAA, however, the underlying mechanisms driving SAA development and how innate immune cells contribute to disease remain poorly understood. In a murine model of SAA, increased beta-chemokines correlated with disease and were partially dependent on IFNγ. IFNγ was required for increased expression of the chemokine receptor CCR5 on MΦs. CCR5 antagonism in murine SAA improved survival, correlating with increased platelets and significantly increased platelet-biased CD41hi HSCs. T cells are key drivers of disease, however, T cell-specific CCR5 expression and T cell-derived CCL5 were not necessary for disease. CCR5 antagonism reduced BM MΦs and diminished their expression of Tnf and Ccl5, correlating with reduced frequencies of IFNγ-secreting BM T cells. Mechanistically, CCR5 was intrinsically required for maintaining BM MΦs during SAA. Ccr5 expression was significantly increased in MΦs from aged mice and humans, relative to young counterparts. Our data identify CCR5 signaling as a key axis promoting the development of IFNγ-dependent BM failure, particularly relevant in aging where Ccr5 expression is elevated.
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7
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Tanhaian A, Mohammadi E, Vakili-Ghartavol R, Saberi MR, Mirzayi M, Jaafari MR. In silico and In vitro Investigation of a Likely Pathway for Anti-Cancerous Effect of Thrombocidin-1 as a Novel Anticancer Peptide. Protein Pept Lett 2021; 27:751-762. [PMID: 32072885 DOI: 10.2174/0929866527666200219115129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2019] [Revised: 11/22/2019] [Accepted: 12/16/2019] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Antimicrobial and antifungal activities of Thrombocidin-1 (TC-1) is shown previously, however,.the anti-cancerous feature of this peptide is still uncovered. OBJECTIVE The objective is to evaluate anti-cancerous feature of recombinant TC-1. METHODS In this study, based on the significant similarity of rTC-1 and IL-8 in case of coding sequence, tertiary structure, and also docking and molecular dynamic simulation (MD) results with CXCR1, a receptor which has positive correlation with different cancers, a likely pathway for anticancerous effect of rTC-1 was proposed. In addition, the coding sequence of TC-1+6xhistidine (rTC-1) was inserted into the pET22b(+) vector and cloned and expressed by E. coli BL21 and finally purified through nickel affinity column. Afterward, the retrieved rTC-1 was used in MTT assay against mouse colon adenocarcinoma, hepatocellular carcinoma, chondrosarcoma, mouse melanoma, and breast adenocarcinoma cell lines to investigate its probable anticancer application. RESULTS Docking and MD simulation results showed that rTC-1 and IL-8 share almost the same residues in the interaction with CXCR1 receptor. Besides, the stability of the rTC-1_CXCR11-38 complex was shown during 100ns MD simulation. In addition, the successful expression and purification of rTC-1 depict an 8kD peptide. The IC50 results of MTT assay revealed that rTC-1 has cytotoxic effect on C26-A and SW1353 cancerous cell lines. CONCLUSION Therefore, apart from probable anti-cancerous effect of rTC-1 on C26-A and SW1353 cell lines, this peptide may be able to mimic the anti-cancerous pathway of IL-8.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abbas Tanhaian
- School of Medicine, Shahrood University of Medical Science, Shahrood, Iran
| | - Elyas Mohammadi
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Roghayyeh Vakili-Ghartavol
- Department of Medical Nanotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Saberi
- Medical Chemistry Department, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mehdi Mirzayi
- School of Medicine, Shahrood University of Medical Science, Shahrood, Iran
| | - Mahmoud Reza Jaafari
- Nanotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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8
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Chen Y, Zhong H, Zhao Y, Luo X, Gao W. Role of platelet biomarkers in inflammatory response. Biomark Res 2020; 8:28. [PMID: 32774856 PMCID: PMC7397646 DOI: 10.1186/s40364-020-00207-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2020] [Accepted: 07/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Beyond hemostasis, thrombosis and wound healing, it is becoming increasingly clear that platelets play an integral role in inflammatory response and immune regulation. Platelets recognize pathogenic microorganisms and secrete various immunoregulatory cytokines and chemokines, thus facilitating a variety of immune effects and regulatory functions. In this review, we discuss recent advances in signaling of platelet activation-related biomarkers in inflammatory settings and application prospects to apply for disease diagnosis and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yufei Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, No.12 Middle Wulumuqi Road, Jing'an District, Shanghai, 200040 China
| | - Haoxuan Zhong
- Department of Cardiology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, No.12 Middle Wulumuqi Road, Jing'an District, Shanghai, 200040 China
| | - Yikai Zhao
- Department of Cardiology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, No.12 Middle Wulumuqi Road, Jing'an District, Shanghai, 200040 China
| | - Xinping Luo
- Department of Cardiology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, No.12 Middle Wulumuqi Road, Jing'an District, Shanghai, 200040 China
| | - Wen Gao
- Department of Cardiology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, No.12 Middle Wulumuqi Road, Jing'an District, Shanghai, 200040 China
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9
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Almeida MJ, Matos A. Designer Nucleases: Gene-Editing Therapies using CCR5 as an Emerging Target in HIV. Curr HIV Res 2020; 17:306-323. [PMID: 31652113 DOI: 10.2174/1570162x17666191025112918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2019] [Revised: 10/16/2019] [Accepted: 10/18/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS), caused by the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV), is a life-threatening disorder that persists worldwide as a severe health problem. Since it was linked with the HIV attachment process, the Chemokine receptor, CCR5, has been at the development leading edge of several gene-based therapies. Given the shortcomings of the current antiretroviral treatment procedure and the non-availability of a licensed vaccine, the aptitude to modify complex genomes with Designer Nucleases has had a noteworthy impact on biotechnology. Over the last years, ZFN, TALEN and CRISPR/Cas9 gene-editing technology have appeared as a promising solution that mimics the naturally occurring CCR5/Δ32 mutation and permanently guarantees the absence of CCR5-expression on the surface of HIV target-cells, leading to a continuous resistance to the virus entry and, ultimately, proving that cellular immunization from infection could be, in fact, a conceivable therapeutic approach to finally achieve the long-awaited functional cure of HIV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria João Almeida
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Ana Matos
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,Research Centre on Chemical Processes Engineering and Forest Products (CIEPQF), Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
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10
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Li JY, Chen YC, Lee YZ, Huang CH, Sue SC. N-terminal Backbone Pairing Shifts in CCL5- 12AAA 14 Dimer Interface: Structural Significance of the FAY Sequence. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21051689. [PMID: 32121575 PMCID: PMC7084690 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21051689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2020] [Revised: 02/24/2020] [Accepted: 02/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
CC-type chemokine ligand 5 (CCL5) has been known to regulate immune responses by mediating the chemotaxis of leukocytes. Depending on the environment, CCL5 forms different orders of oligomers to interact with targets and create functional diversity. A recent CCL5 trimer structure revealed that the N-terminal conversed F12-A13-Y14 (12FAY14) sequence is involved in CCL5 aggregation. The CCL5-12AAA14 mutant with two mutations had a deficiency in the formation of high-order oligomers. In the study, we clarify the respective roles of F12 and Y14 through NMR analysis and structural determination of the CCL5-12AAA14 mutant where F12 is involved in the dimer assembly and Y14 is involved in aggregation. The CCL5-12AAA14 structure contains a unique dimer packing. The backbone pairing shifts for one-residue in the N-terminal interface, when compared to the native CCL5 dimer. This difference creates a new structural orientation and leads to the conclusion that F12 confines the native CCL5 dimer configuration. Without F12 anchoring in the position, the interfacial backbone pairing is permitted to slide. Structural plasticity occurs in the N-terminal interaction. This is the first case to report this structural rearrangement through mutagenesis. The study provides a new idea for chemokine engineering and complements the understanding of CCL5 oligomerization and the role of the 12FAY14 sequence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Ye Li
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Structural Biology, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan; (J.-Y.L.); (Y.-C.C.); (Y.-Z.L.)
| | - Yi-Chen Chen
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Structural Biology, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan; (J.-Y.L.); (Y.-C.C.); (Y.-Z.L.)
| | - Yi-Zong Lee
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Structural Biology, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan; (J.-Y.L.); (Y.-C.C.); (Y.-Z.L.)
- Instrument Center, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Hsiang Huang
- Protein Diffraction Group, Experimental Facility Division, National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center, Hsinchu 30076, Taiwan;
| | - Shih-Che Sue
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Structural Biology, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan; (J.-Y.L.); (Y.-C.C.); (Y.-Z.L.)
- Department of Life Science, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +886-3-5742025; Fax: +886-3-5715934
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11
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Chen YC, Chen SP, Li JY, Chen PC, Lee YZ, Li KM, Zarivach R, Sun YJ, Sue SC. Integrative Model to Coordinate the Oligomerization and Aggregation Mechanisms of CCL5. J Mol Biol 2020; 432:1143-1157. [PMID: 31931012 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2019.12.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2019] [Revised: 12/06/2019] [Accepted: 12/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
CC-type chemokine ligand 5 (CCL5) is involved in the pathogenesis of many inflammatory conditions. Under physiological conditions, CCL5 oligomerization and aggregation are considered to be responsible for its inflammatory properties. The structural basis of CCL5 oligomerization remains controversial because the current oligomer models contain no consensus interactions. In this study, NMR and biophysical analyses proposed evidence that the CC-type CCL5 dimer acts as the basic unit to constitute the oligomer and that CCL5 oligomerizes alternatively through E66-K25 and E66-R44/K45 interactions. In addition, a newly determined trimer structure, constituted by CCL5 and the E66S mutant, reported an interfacial interaction through the N-terminal 12FAY14 sequence. The interaction contributes to CCL5 aggregation and precipitation but not to oligomerization. In accordance with the observations, an integrative model explains the CCL5 oligomerization and aggregation mechanism in which CCL5 assembly consists of two types of dimer-dimer interactions and one aggregation mechanism. For full-length CCL5, the molecular accumulation triggers oligomerization through the E66-K25 and E66-R44/K45 interactions, and the 12FAY14 interaction acts as a secondary effect to derive aggregation and precipitation. In contrast, the E66-R44/K45 interaction might dominate in CCL5 N-terminal truncations, and the interaction would lead to the filament-like formation in solution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Chen Chen
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Structural Biology, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, 30013, Taiwan
| | - Siou-Pei Chen
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Structural Biology, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, 30013, Taiwan
| | - Jin-Ye Li
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Structural Biology, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, 30013, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Chun Chen
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Structural Biology, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, 30013, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Zong Lee
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Structural Biology, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, 30013, Taiwan; Instrument Center, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, 30013, Taiwan
| | - Kun-Mou Li
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Structural Biology, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, 30013, Taiwan
| | - Raz Zarivach
- Department of Life Sciences, The National Institute for Biotechnology in the Negev and the Ilse Katz Institute for Nanoscale Science and Technology, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel
| | - Yuh-Ju Sun
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Structural Biology, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, 30013, Taiwan; Department of Life Science, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, 30013, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Che Sue
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Structural Biology, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, 30013, Taiwan; Department of Life Science, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, 30013, Taiwan.
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12
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CCR5: Established paradigms and new frontiers for a 'celebrity' chemokine receptor. Cytokine 2019; 109:81-93. [PMID: 29903576 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2018.02.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2017] [Revised: 02/14/2018] [Accepted: 02/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Because of the level of attention it received due to its role as the principal HIV coreceptor, CCR5 has been described as a 'celebrity' chemokine receptor. Here we describe the development of CCR5 inhibitory strategies that have been developed for HIV therapy and which are now additionally being considered for use in HIV prevention and cure. The wealth of CCR5-related tools that have been developed during the intensive investigation of CCR5 as an HIV drug target can now be turned towards the study of CCR5 as a model chemokine receptor. We also summarize what is currently known about the cell biology and pharmacology of CCR5, providing an update on new areas of investigation that have emerged in recent research. Finally, we discuss the potential of CCR5 as a drug target for diseases other than HIV, discussing the evidence linking CCR5 and its natural chemokine ligands with inflammatory diseases, particularly neuroinflammation, and certain cancers. These pathologies may provide new uses for the strategies for CCR5 blockade originally developed to combat HIV/AIDS.
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13
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Fox JC, Thomas MA, Dishman AF, Larsen O, Nakayama T, Yoshie O, Rosenkilde MM, Volkman BF. Structure-function guided modeling of chemokine-GPCR specificity for the chemokine XCL1 and its receptor XCR1. Sci Signal 2019; 12:12/597/eaat4128. [PMID: 31481523 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.aat4128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Chemokines interact with their G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) through a two-step, two-site mechanism and, through this interaction, mediate various homeostatic and immune response mechanisms. Upon initial recognition of the chemokine by the receptor, the amino terminus of the chemokine inserts into the orthosteric pocket of the GPCR, causing conformational changes that trigger intracellular signaling. There is considerable structural and functional evidence to suggest that the amino acid composition and length of the chemokine amino terminus is critical for GPCR activation, complementing the size and amino acid composition of the orthosteric pocket. However, very few structures of a native chemokine-receptor complex have been solved. Here, we used a hybrid approach that combines structure-function data with Rosetta modeling to describe key contacts within a chemokine-GPCR interface. We found that the extreme amino-terminal residues of the chemokine XCL1 (Val1, Gly2, Ser3, and Glu4) contribute a large fraction of the binding energy to its receptor XCR1, whereas residues near the disulfide bond-forming residue Cys11 modulate XCR1 activation. Alterations in the XCL1 amino terminus changed XCR1 activation, as determined by assessing inositol triphosphate accumulation, intracellular calcium release, and directed cell migration. Computational analysis of XCL1-XCR1 interactions revealed functional contacts involving Glu4 of XCL1 and Tyr117 and Arg273 of XCR1. Subsequent mutation of Tyr117 and Arg273 led to diminished binding and activation of XCR1 by XCL1. These findings demonstrate the utility of a hybrid approach, using biological data and homology modeling, to study chemokine-GPCR interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamie C Fox
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - Monica A Thomas
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - Acacia F Dishman
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - Olav Larsen
- Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen DK-2200, Denmark
| | - Takashi Nakayama
- Divison of Chemotherapy, Kindai University Faculty of Pharmacy, Higashi-osaka 577, Japan
| | - Osamu Yoshie
- The Health and Kampo Institute, 1-11-10 Murasakiyama, Sendai, Miyagi 982-3205, Japan
| | - Mette Marie Rosenkilde
- Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen DK-2200, Denmark
| | - Brian F Volkman
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA.
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14
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Yang L, Guo R, Ju Z, Wang X, Jiang Q, Liu Y, Zhao H, He K, Li J, Huang J. Production of an aberrant splice variant of CCL5 is not caused by genetic mutation in the mammary glands of mastitis‑infected Holstein cows. Mol Med Rep 2019; 19:4159-4166. [PMID: 30942444 PMCID: PMC6472127 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2019.10103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2018] [Accepted: 02/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Genetic mutations, including single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), result in aberrant alternatively splicing of gene and involves in susceptibility of inflammatory diseases, including bovine mastitis. C‑C motif chemokine ligand 5 (CCL5) is an immune‑associated gene, but its alternative splicing (AS) mechanism of gene expression has not yet been understood. The present study identified the splice variant of CCL5 and the compared differential expression of various transcripts between healthy and mastitic mammary gland tissue from cows. A novel transcript lacking exon 2 with a deletion of 112 bp (referred to as CCL5‑AS) was identified in the mammary gland. The expression of CCL5‑AS was lower compared with CCL5‑reference in the healthy and mastitic mammary tissues. A total of two novel SNPs (g.1647 C>T and g.1804 G>A) were identified in exon 2 of CCL5. Using the splicing mini‑gene reporter assay in bovine mammary epithelial cells (MAC‑T) and 293T cells, it was confirmed that the production of CCL5‑AS was not caused by the two SNPs. The present findings suggested that alternative splicing is one of the mechanisms of CCL5 expression regulation and is involved in mastitis infection, but that genetic mutation was not responsible for the generation of the abnormal transcript of CCL5 in cows.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Yang
- College of Life Sciences and Food Engineering, Hebei University of Engineering, Handan, Hebei 056021, P.R. China
| | - Ruiqing Guo
- College of Life Sciences and Food Engineering, Hebei University of Engineering, Handan, Hebei 056021, P.R. China
| | - Zhihua Ju
- Dairy Cattle Research Center, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, Shandong 250100, P.R. China
| | - Xiuge Wang
- Dairy Cattle Research Center, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, Shandong 250100, P.R. China
| | - Qiang Jiang
- Dairy Cattle Research Center, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, Shandong 250100, P.R. China
| | - Yong Liu
- College of Life Sciences and Food Engineering, Hebei University of Engineering, Handan, Hebei 056021, P.R. China
| | - Han Zhao
- Dairy Cattle Research Center, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, Shandong 250100, P.R. China
| | - Kaili He
- College of Life Sciences and Food Engineering, Hebei University of Engineering, Handan, Hebei 056021, P.R. China
| | - Jianbin Li
- Dairy Cattle Research Center, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, Shandong 250100, P.R. China
| | - Jinming Huang
- Dairy Cattle Research Center, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, Shandong 250100, P.R. China
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15
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Wedemeyer MJ, Mueller BK, Bender BJ, Meiler J, Volkman BF. Modeling the complete chemokine-receptor interaction. Methods Cell Biol 2018; 149:289-314. [PMID: 30616825 DOI: 10.1016/bs.mcb.2018.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Chemokines are soluble, secreted proteins that induce chemotaxis of leukocytes and other cells. Migratory cells can sense the chemokine concentration gradient following chemokine binding and activation of chemokine receptors, a subset of the G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) superfamily. Chemokine receptor signaling plays a central role in cell migration during inflammatory responses as well as in cancer and other diseases. Given their important role in mediating essential pathologic and physiologic processes, chemokines and their receptors are attractive targets for therapeutic development. A better understanding of the molecular basis of chemokine-GPCR interactions will aid in the understanding of the mechanistic basis for chemokine function in disease-related processes, as well as aid in the design of new therapeutics. High resolution protein structures are critical for determining these mechanisms and investigating the interactions between approximately 50 chemokines and 20 chemokine receptors. Currently, three unique structures of chemokine-GPCR complexes have been determined and have greatly broadened our knowledge of this large protein-protein interaction. While these structures represent only a small fraction of clinically relevant chemokines and receptors, they can be exploited as scaffolds for homology modeling to understand the chemokine-GPCR interactions. This chapter presents a specialized methodology to construct and validate models of chemokine-GPCR complexes using the Rosetta software suite.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Wedemeyer
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
| | - Benjamin K Mueller
- Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, United States; Center for Structural Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Brian J Bender
- Center for Structural Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, United States; Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Jens Meiler
- Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, United States; Center for Structural Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, United States; Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Brian F Volkman
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States.
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16
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Abayev M, Rodrigues JPGLM, Srivastava G, Arshava B, Jaremko Ł, Jaremko M, Naider F, Levitt M, Anglister J. The solution structure of monomeric CCL5 in complex with a doubly sulfated N-terminal segment of CCR5. FEBS J 2018; 285:1988-2003. [PMID: 29619777 PMCID: PMC6433596 DOI: 10.1111/febs.14460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2018] [Revised: 03/12/2018] [Accepted: 03/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The inflammatory chemokine CCL5, which binds the chemokine receptor CCR5 in a two-step mechanism so as to activate signaling pathways in hematopoetic cells, plays an important role in immune surveillance, inflammation, and development as well as in several immune system pathologies. The recently published crystal structure of CCR5 bound to a high-affinity variant of CCL5 lacks the N-terminal segment of the receptor that is post-translationally sulfated and is known to be important for high-affinity binding. Here, we report the NMR solution structure of monomeric CCL5 bound to a synthetic doubly sulfated peptide corresponding to the missing first 27 residues of CCR5. Our structures show that two sulfated tyrosine residues, sY10 and sY14, as well as the unsulfated Y15 form a network of strong interactions with a groove on a surface of CCL5 that is formed from evolutionarily conserved basic and hydrophobic amino acids. We then use our NMR structures, in combination with available crystal data, to create an atomic model of full-length wild-type CCR5:CCL5. Our findings reveal the structural determinants involved in the recognition of CCL5 by the CCR5 N terminus. These findings, together with existing structural data, provide a complete structural framework with which to understand the specificity of receptor:chemokine interactions. DATABASE Structural data are available in the PDB under the accession number 6FGP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meital Abayev
- Department of Structural Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | | | - Gautam Srivastava
- Department of Structural Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Boris Arshava
- Department of Chemistry and Macromolecular Assembly Institute, College of Staten Island of the City University of New York, Staten Island, NY, USA
- The Ph.D. Programs in Biochemistry and Chemistry, The Graduate Center of the City University of New York, NY, USA
| | - Łukasz Jaremko
- Department of NMR-based Structural Biology, Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Gottingen, Germany
| | - Mariusz Jaremko
- Department of NMR-based Structural Biology, Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Gottingen, Germany
| | - Fred Naider
- Department of Chemistry and Macromolecular Assembly Institute, College of Staten Island of the City University of New York, Staten Island, NY, USA
- The Ph.D. Programs in Biochemistry and Chemistry, The Graduate Center of the City University of New York, NY, USA
| | - Michael Levitt
- Department of Structural Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, CA, USA
| | - Jacob Anglister
- Department of Structural Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
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17
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Hepatic stellate cells secrete Ccl5 to induce hepatocyte steatosis. Sci Rep 2018; 8:7499. [PMID: 29760499 PMCID: PMC5951796 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-25699-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2017] [Accepted: 04/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) encompasses a wide spectrum of disease severity, starting from pure steatosis, leading to fatty inflammation labeled as non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), and finally fibrosis leading to cirrhosis. Activated hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) are known to contribute to fibrosis, but less is known about their function during NAFLD’s early stages prior to fibrosis. We developed an ex vivo assay that cocultures primary HSCs from mouse models of liver disease with healthy hepatocytes to study their interaction. Our data indicate that chemokine Ccl5 is one of the HSC-secreted mediators in early NASH in humans and in mice fed with choline-deficient, L-amino acid defined, high fat diet. Furthermore, Ccl5 directly induces steatosis and pro-inflammatory factors in healthy hepatocytes through the receptor Ccr5. Although Ccl5 is already known to be secreted by many liver cell types including HSCs and its pro-fibrotic role well characterized, its pro-steatotic action has not been recognized until now. Similarly, the function of HSCs in fibrogenesis is widely accepted, but their pro-steatotic role has been unclear. Our result suggests that in early NASH, HSCs secrete Ccl5 which contributes to a broad array of mechanisms by which hepatic steatosis and inflammation are achieved.
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18
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Annexin-A1 enhances breast cancer growth and migration by promoting alternative macrophage polarization in the tumour microenvironment. Sci Rep 2017; 7:17925. [PMID: 29263330 PMCID: PMC5738423 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-17622-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2017] [Accepted: 11/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Macrophages are potent immune cells with well-established roles in the response to stress, injury, infection and inflammation. The classically activated macrophages (M1) are induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and express a wide range of pro-inflammatory genes. M2 macrophages are induced by T helper type 2 cytokines such as interleukin-4 (IL4) and express high levels of anti-inflammatory and tissue repair genes. The strong association between macrophages and tumour cells as well as the high incidences of leukocyte infiltration in solid tumours have contributed to the discovery that tumour-associated macrophages (TAMs) are key to tumour progression. Here, we investigated the role of Annexin A1 (ANXA1), a well characterized immunomodulatory protein on macrophage polarization and the interaction between macrophages and breast cancer cells. Our results demonstrate that ANXA1 regulates macrophage polarization and activation. ANXA1 can act dually as an endogenous signalling molecule or as a secreted mediator which acts via its receptor, FPR2, to promote macrophage polarization. Furthermore, ANXA1 deficient mice exhibit reduced tumour growth and enhanced survival in vivo, possibly due to increased M1 macrophages within the tumor microenvironment. These results provide new insights into the molecular mechanisms of macrophage polarization with therapeutic potential to suppress breast cancer growth and metastasis.
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19
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Guan X, Chaffey PK, Chen H, Feng W, Wei X, Yang LM, Ruan Y, Wang X, Li Y, Barosh KB, Tran AH, Zhu J, Liang W, Zheng YT, Wang X, Tan Z. O-GalNAcylation of RANTES Improves Its Properties as a Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Entry Inhibitor. Biochemistry 2017; 57:136-148. [PMID: 29202246 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.7b00875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Many human proteins have the potential to be developed as therapeutic agents. However, side effects caused by direct administration of natural proteins have significantly slowed expansion of protein therapeutics into the clinic. Post-translational modifications (PTMs) can improve protein properties, but because of significant knowledge gaps, we are considerably limited in our ability to apply PTMs to generate better protein therapeutics. Here, we seek to fill the gaps by studying the PTMs of a small representative chemotactic cytokine, RANTES. RANTES can inhibit HIV-1 infection by competing with it for binding to receptor CCR5 and stimulating CCR5 endocytosis. Unfortunately, RANTES can induce strong signaling, leading to severe inflammatory side effects. We apply a chemical biology approach to explore the potential of post-translationally modified RANTES as safe inhibitors of HIV-1 infection. We synthesized and systematically tested a library of RANTES isoforms for their ability to inhibit inflammatory signaling and prevent HIV-1 infection of primary human cells. Through this research, we revealed that most of the glycosylated variants have decreased inflammation-associated properties and identified one particular glyco variant, a truncated RANTES containing a Galβ1-3GalNAc disaccharide α-linked to Ser4, which stands out as having the best overall properties: relatively high HIV-1 inhibition potency but also weak inflammatory properties. Moreover, our results provided a structural basis for the observed changes in the properties of RANTES. Taken together, this work highlights the potential importance of glycosylation as an alternative strategy for developing CCR5 inhibitors to treat HIV-1 infection and, more generally, for reducing or eliminating unwanted properties of therapeutic proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyang Guan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and BioFrontiers Institute, University of Colorado , Boulder, Colorado 80303, United States
| | - Patrick K Chaffey
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and BioFrontiers Institute, University of Colorado , Boulder, Colorado 80303, United States
| | - Huan Chen
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of Chinese Academy of Sciences/Key Laboratory of Bioactive Peptides of Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Kunming 650223, China
| | - Wei Feng
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Arizona State University , Tempe, Arizona 85287, United States
| | - Xiuli Wei
- Protein & Peptide Pharmaceutical Laboratory, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100101, China
| | - Liu-Meng Yang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of Chinese Academy of Sciences/Key Laboratory of Bioactive Peptides of Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Kunming 650223, China
| | - Yuan Ruan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and BioFrontiers Institute, University of Colorado , Boulder, Colorado 80303, United States
| | - Xinfeng Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and BioFrontiers Institute, University of Colorado , Boulder, Colorado 80303, United States
| | - Yaohao Li
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and BioFrontiers Institute, University of Colorado , Boulder, Colorado 80303, United States
| | - Kimberly B Barosh
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and BioFrontiers Institute, University of Colorado , Boulder, Colorado 80303, United States
| | - Amy H Tran
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and BioFrontiers Institute, University of Colorado , Boulder, Colorado 80303, United States
| | - Jaimie Zhu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and BioFrontiers Institute, University of Colorado , Boulder, Colorado 80303, United States
| | - Wei Liang
- Protein & Peptide Pharmaceutical Laboratory, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100101, China
| | - Yong-Tang Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of Chinese Academy of Sciences/Key Laboratory of Bioactive Peptides of Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Kunming 650223, China
| | - Xu Wang
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Arizona State University , Tempe, Arizona 85287, United States
| | - Zhongping Tan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and BioFrontiers Institute, University of Colorado , Boulder, Colorado 80303, United States
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20
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Targeting autophagy inhibits melanoma growth by enhancing NK cells infiltration in a CCL5-dependent manner. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2017; 114:E9271-E9279. [PMID: 29078276 PMCID: PMC5676879 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1703921114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 160] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The failure in achieving a durable clinical immune response against cancer cells depends on the ability of cancer cells to establish a microenvironment that prevent cytotoxic immune cells to infiltrate tumors and kill cancer cells. Therefore, the key approach to achieving successful antitumor immune response is to harness strategies allowing the reorientation of immune cells to the tumor. Herein we reveal that inhibiting autophagy induces a massive infiltration of natural killer immune cells into the tumor bed, and a subsequent dramatic decrease in the tumor volume of melanomas. These results highlight the role of targeting autophagy in breaking the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment barrier, thus allowing the infiltration of natural killer cells into the tumor to kill cancer cells. While blocking tumor growth by targeting autophagy is well established, its role on the infiltration of natural killer (NK) cells into tumors remains unknown. Here, we investigate the impact of targeting autophagy gene Beclin1 (BECN1) on the infiltration of NK cells into melanomas. We show that, in addition to inhibiting tumor growth, targeting BECN1 increased the infiltration of functional NK cells into melanoma tumors. We provide evidence that driving NK cells to the tumor bed relied on the ability of autophagy-defective tumors to transcriptionally overexpress the chemokine gene CCL5. Such infiltration and tumor regression were abrogated by silencing CCL5 in BECN1-defective tumors. Mechanistically, we show that the up-regulated expression of CCL5 occurred through the activation of its transcription factor c-Jun by a mechanism involving the impairment of phosphatase PP2A catalytic activity and the subsequent activation of JNK. Similar to BECN1, targeting other autophagy genes, such as ATG5, p62/SQSTM1, or inhibiting autophagy pharmacologically by chloroquine, also induced the expression of CCL5 in melanoma cells. Clinically, a positive correlation between CCL5 and NK cell marker NKp46 expression was found in melanoma patients, and a high expression level of CCL5 was correlated with a significant improvement of melanoma patients’ survival. We believe that this study highlights the impact of targeting autophagy on the tumor infiltration by NK cells and its benefit as a novel therapeutic approach to improve NK-based immunotherapy.
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21
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Ge B, Jiang X, Chen Y, Sun T, Yang Q, Huang F. Kinetic and thermodynamic studies reveal chemokine homologues CC11 and CC24 with an almost identical tertiary structure have different folding pathways. BMC BIOPHYSICS 2017; 10:7. [PMID: 28919974 PMCID: PMC5596964 DOI: 10.1186/s13628-017-0039-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2017] [Accepted: 09/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Proteins with low sequence identity but almost identical tertiary structure and function have been valuable to uncover the relationship between sequence, tertiary structure, folding mechanism and functions. Two homologous chemokines, CCL11 and CCL24, with low sequence identity but similar tertiary structure and function, provide an excellent model system for respective studies. RESULTS The kinetics and thermodynamics of the two homologous chemokines were systematically characterized. Despite their similar tertiary structures, CCL11 and CCL24 show different thermodynamic stability in guanidine hydrochloride titration, with D50% = 2.20 M and 4.96 M, respectively. The kinetics curves clearly show two phases in the folding/unfolding processes of both CCL11 and CCL24, which suggests the existence of an intermediate state in their folding/unfolding processes. The folding pathway of both CCL11 and CCL24 could be well described using a folding model with an on-pathway folding intermediate. However, the folding kinetics and stability of the intermediate state of CCL11 and CCL24 are obviously different. CONCLUSION Our results suggest homologous proteins with low sequence identity can display almost identical tertiary structure, but very different folding mechanisms, which applies to homologues in the chemokine protein family, extending the general applicability of the above observation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baosheng Ge
- Center for Bioengineering and Biotechnology, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao, 266580 People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoyong Jiang
- Center for Bioengineering and Biotechnology, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao, 266580 People's Republic of China
| | - Yao Chen
- Center for Bioengineering and Biotechnology, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao, 266580 People's Republic of China
| | - Tingting Sun
- Center for Bioengineering and Biotechnology, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao, 266580 People's Republic of China
| | - Qiuxia Yang
- Center for Bioengineering and Biotechnology, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao, 266580 People's Republic of China
| | - Fang Huang
- Center for Bioengineering and Biotechnology, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao, 266580 People's Republic of China
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Zheng Y, Han GW, Abagyan R, Wu B, Stevens RC, Cherezov V, Kufareva I, Handel TM. Structure of CC Chemokine Receptor 5 with a Potent Chemokine Antagonist Reveals Mechanisms of Chemokine Recognition and Molecular Mimicry by HIV. Immunity 2017. [PMID: 28636951 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2017.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
CCR5 is the primary chemokine receptor utilized by HIV to infect leukocytes, whereas CCR5 ligands inhibit infection by blocking CCR5 engagement with HIV gp120. To guide the design of improved therapeutics, we solved the structure of CCR5 in complex with chemokine antagonist [5P7]CCL5. Several structural features appeared to contribute to the anti-HIV potency of [5P7]CCL5, including the distinct chemokine orientation relative to the receptor, the near-complete occupancy of the receptor binding pocket, the dense network of intermolecular hydrogen bonds, and the similarity of binding determinants with the FDA-approved HIV inhibitor Maraviroc. Molecular modeling indicated that HIV gp120 mimicked the chemokine interaction with CCR5, providing an explanation for the ability of CCR5 to recognize diverse ligands and gp120 variants. Our findings reveal that structural plasticity facilitates receptor-chemokine specificity and enables exploitation by HIV, and provide insight into the design of small molecule and protein inhibitors for HIV and other CCR5-mediated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Zheng
- University of California, San Diego, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Gye Won Han
- Bridge Institute, Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Ruben Abagyan
- University of California, San Diego, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Beili Wu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Raymond C Stevens
- Bridge Institute, Departments of Biological Sciences and Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Vadim Cherezov
- Bridge Institute, Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Irina Kufareva
- University of California, San Diego, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.
| | - Tracy M Handel
- University of California, San Diego, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.
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Kufareva I, Gustavsson M, Zheng Y, Stephens BS, Handel TM. What Do Structures Tell Us About Chemokine Receptor Function and Antagonism? Annu Rev Biophys 2017; 46:175-198. [PMID: 28532213 PMCID: PMC5764094 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-biophys-051013-022942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Chemokines and their cell surface G protein-coupled receptors are critical for cell migration, not only in many fundamental biological processes but also in inflammatory diseases and cancer. Recent X-ray structures of two chemokines complexed with full-length receptors provided unprecedented insight into the atomic details of chemokine recognition and receptor activation, and computational modeling informed by new experiments leverages these insights to gain understanding of many more receptor:chemokine pairs. In parallel, chemokine receptor structures with small molecules reveal the complicated and diverse structural foundations of small molecule antagonism and allostery, highlight the inherent physicochemical challenges of receptor:chemokine interfaces, and suggest novel epitopes that can be exploited to overcome these challenges. The structures and models promote unique understanding of chemokine receptor biology, including the interpretation of two decades of experimental studies, and will undoubtedly assist future drug discovery endeavors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina Kufareva
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093; ,
| | - Martin Gustavsson
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093; ,
| | - Yi Zheng
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093; ,
| | - Bryan S Stephens
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093; ,
| | - Tracy M Handel
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093; ,
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24
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RNA Sequencing of Tumor-Associated Microglia Reveals Ccl5 as a Stromal Chemokine Critical for Neurofibromatosis-1 Glioma Growth. Neoplasia 2016; 17:776-88. [PMID: 26585233 PMCID: PMC4656811 DOI: 10.1016/j.neo.2015.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2015] [Revised: 10/06/2015] [Accepted: 10/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Solid cancers develop within a supportive microenvironment that promotes tumor formation and growth through the elaboration of mitogens and chemokines. Within these tumors, monocytes (macrophages and microglia) represent rich sources of these stromal factors. Leveraging a genetically engineered mouse model of neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) low-grade brain tumor (optic glioma), we have previously demonstrated that microglia are essential for glioma formation and maintenance. To identify potential tumor-associated microglial factors that support glioma growth (gliomagens), we initiated a comprehensive large-scale discovery effort using optimized RNA-sequencing methods focused specifically on glioma-associated microglia. Candidate microglial gliomagens were prioritized to identify potential secreted or membrane-bound proteins, which were next validated by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction as well as by RNA fluorescence in situ hybridization following minocycline-mediated microglial inactivation in vivo. Using these selection criteria, chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 5 (Ccl5) was identified as a chemokine highly expressed in genetically engineered Nf1 mouse optic gliomas relative to nonneoplastic optic nerves. As a candidate gliomagen, recombinant Ccl5 increased Nf1-deficient optic nerve astrocyte growth in vitro. Importantly, consistent with its critical role in maintaining tumor growth, treatment with Ccl5 neutralizing antibodies reduced Nf1 mouse optic glioma growth and improved retinal dysfunction in vivo. Collectively, these findings establish Ccl5 as an important microglial growth factor for low-grade glioma maintenance relevant to the development of future stroma-targeted brain tumor therapies.
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25
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Zhao Y, Pang B, Luehmann H, Detering L, Yang X, Sultan D, Harpstrite S, Sharma V, Cutler CS, Xia Y, Liu Y. Gold Nanoparticles Doped with (199) Au Atoms and Their Use for Targeted Cancer Imaging by SPECT. Adv Healthc Mater 2016; 5:928-35. [PMID: 26865221 PMCID: PMC4836969 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201500992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2015] [Revised: 01/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Gold nanoparticles have been labeled with various radionuclides and extensively explored for single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) in the context of cancer diagnosis. The stability of most radiolabels, however, still needs to be improved for accurate detection of cancer biomarkers and thereby monitoring of tumor progression and metastasis. Here, the first synthesis of Au nanoparticles doped with (199)Au atoms for targeted SPECT tumor imaging in a mouse triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) model is reported. By directly incorporating (199)Au atoms into the crystal lattice of each Au nanoparticle, the stability of the radiolabel can be ensured. The synthetic procedure also allows for a precise control over both the radiochemistry and particle size. When conjugated with D-Ala1-peptide T-amide, the Au nanoparticles doped with (199)Au atoms can serve as a C-C chemokine receptor 5 (CCR5)-targeted nanoprobe for the sensitive and specific detection of both TNBC and its metastasis in a mouse tumor model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongfeng Zhao
- Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Bo Pang
- The Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, P. R. China
| | - Hannah Luehmann
- Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Lisa Detering
- Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Xuan Yang
- The Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
| | - Deborah Sultan
- Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Scott Harpstrite
- Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Vijay Sharma
- Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Cathy S Cutler
- Research Reactor Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA
| | - Younan Xia
- The Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
| | - Yongjian Liu
- Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
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26
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Ovarian cancer stem-like cells differentiate into endothelial cells and participate in tumor angiogenesis through autocrine CCL5 signaling. Cancer Lett 2016; 376:137-47. [PMID: 27033454 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2016.03.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2015] [Revised: 02/03/2016] [Accepted: 03/17/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are well known for their self-regeneration and tumorigenesis potential. In addition, the multi-differentiation potential of CSCs has become a popular issue and continues to attract increased research attention. Recent studies demonstrated that CSCs are able to differentiate into functional endothelial cells and participate in tumor angiogenesis. In this study, we found that ovarian cancer stem-like cells (CSLCs) activate the NF-κB and STAT3 signal pathways through autocrine CCL5 signaling and mediate their own differentiation into endothelial cells (ECs). Our data demonstrate that CSLCs differentiate into ECs morphologically and functionally. Anti-CCL5 antibodies and CCL5-shRNA lead to markedly inhibit EC differentiation and the tube formation of CSLCs, both in vitro and in vivo. Recombinant human-CCL5 significantly promotes ovarian CSLCs that differentiate into ECs and form microtube network. The CCL5-mediated EC differentiation of CSLCs depends on binding to receptors, such as CCR1, CCR3, and CCR5. The results demonstrated that CCL5-CCR1/CCR3/CCR5 activates the NF-κB and STAT3 signal pathways, subsequently mediating the differentiation of CSLCs into ECs. Therefore, this study was conducted based on the theory that CSCs improve tumor angiogenesis and provides a novel strategy for anti-angiogenesis in ovarian cancer.
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27
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Pang B, Zhao Y, Luehmann H, Yang X, Detering L, You M, Zhang C, Zhang L, Li ZY, Ren Q, Liu Y, Xia Y. ⁶⁴Cu-Doped PdCu@Au Tripods: A Multifunctional Nanomaterial for Positron Emission Tomography and Image-Guided Photothermal Cancer Treatment. ACS NANO 2016; 10:3121-31. [PMID: 26824412 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.5b07968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
This article reports a facile synthesis of radiolabeled PdCu@Au core-shell tripods for use in positron emission tomography (PET) and image-guided photothermal cancer treatment by directly incorporating radioactive (64)Cu atoms into the crystal lattice. The tripod had a unique morphology determined by the PdCu tripod that served as a template for the coating of Au shell, in addition to well-controlled specific activity and physical dimensions. The Au shell provided the nanostructure with strong absorption in the near-infrared region and effectively prevented the Cu and (64)Cu atoms in the core from oxidization and dissolution. When conjugated with D-Ala1-peptide T-amide (DAPTA), the core-shell tripods showed great enhancement in targeting the C-C chemokine receptor 5 (CCR5), a newly identified theranostic target up-regulated in triple negative breast cancer (TNBC). Specifically, the CCR5-targeted tripods with an arm length of about 45 nm showed 2- and 6-fold increase in tumor-to-blood and tumor-to-muscle uptake ratios, respectively, relative to their nontargeted counterpart in an orthotopic mouse 4T1 TNBC model at 24 h postinjection. The targeting specificity was further validated via a competitive receptor blocking study. We also demonstrated the use of these targeted, radioactive tripods for effective photothermal treatment in the 4T1 tumor model as guided by PET imaging. The efficacy of treatment was confirmed by the significant reduction in tumor metabolic activity revealed through the use of (18)F-fluorodeoxyglucose PET/CT imaging. Taken together, we believe that the (64)Cu-doped PdCu@Au tripods could serve as a multifunctional platform for both PET imaging and image-guided photothermal cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Pang
- The Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University , Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Peking University , Beijing 100871, P. R. China
| | - Yongfeng Zhao
- Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine , St. Louis, Missouri 63110, United States
| | - Hannah Luehmann
- Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine , St. Louis, Missouri 63110, United States
| | - Xuan Yang
- The Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University , Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Lisa Detering
- Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine , St. Louis, Missouri 63110, United States
| | - Meng You
- Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine , St. Louis, Missouri 63110, United States
| | - Chao Zhang
- Laboratory of Optical Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190, P. R. China
| | - Lei Zhang
- The Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University , Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Zhi-Yuan Li
- Laboratory of Optical Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190, P. R. China
| | - Qiushi Ren
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Peking University , Beijing 100871, P. R. China
| | - Yongjian Liu
- Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine , St. Louis, Missouri 63110, United States
| | - Younan Xia
- The Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University , Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
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28
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Kufareva I, Gustavsson M, Holden LG, Qin L, Zheng Y, Handel TM. Disulfide Trapping for Modeling and Structure Determination of Receptor: Chemokine Complexes. Methods Enzymol 2016; 570:389-420. [PMID: 26921956 DOI: 10.1016/bs.mie.2015.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Despite the recent breakthrough advances in GPCR crystallography, structure determination of protein-protein complexes involving chemokine receptors and their endogenous chemokine ligands remains challenging. Here, we describe disulfide trapping, a methodology for generating irreversible covalent binary protein complexes from unbound protein partners by introducing two cysteine residues, one per interaction partner, at selected positions within their interaction interface. Disulfide trapping can serve at least two distinct purposes: (i) stabilization of the complex to assist structural studies and/or (ii) determination of pairwise residue proximities to guide molecular modeling. Methods for characterization of disulfide-trapped complexes are described and evaluated in terms of throughput, sensitivity, and specificity toward the most energetically favorable crosslinks. Due to abundance of native disulfide bonds at receptor:chemokine interfaces, disulfide trapping of their complexes can be associated with intramolecular disulfide shuffling and result in misfolding of the component proteins; because of this, evidence from several experiments is typically needed to firmly establish a positive disulfide crosslink. An optimal pipeline that maximizes throughput and minimizes time and costs by early triage of unsuccessful candidate constructs is proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina Kufareva
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Martin Gustavsson
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Lauren G Holden
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Ling Qin
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Yi Zheng
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Tracy M Handel
- Department of Pharmacology, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA.
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29
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Zhang Q, Qin J, Zhong L, Gong L, Zhang B, Zhang Y, Gao WQ. CCL5-Mediated Th2 Immune Polarization Promotes Metastasis in Luminal Breast Cancer. Cancer Res 2015; 75:4312-21. [PMID: 26249173 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-14-3590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2014] [Accepted: 07/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The tumor-promoting chemokine CCL5 has been implicated in malignant transformation of breast epithelial cells, with studies to date focusing mainly on basal-type breast cancers. In this study, we investigated the consequences of CCL5 deletion in the MMTV-PyMT transgenic mouse model of luminal breast cancer. In this model, primary tumor burden and pulmonary metastases were reduced significantly in CCL5-deficient subjects, an effect found to be associated with a deficit of Th2 (IL4⁺CD4⁺ T) cells. Mechanistic investigations revealed that CCL5 activates CCR3, a highly expressed chemokine receptor on CD4⁺ T cells, and also boosts Gfi1 expression to promote the differentiation of Th2 cells, which enhance the prometastatic activity of tumor-associated myeloid cells. Clinically, polarization toward this immunosuppressive Th2 phenotype was also evident in patients with advanced luminal breast cancer. Thus, our findings showed that CCL5/CCR3 signaling promotes metastasis by inducing Th2 polarization of CD4⁺ T cells, with implications for prognosis and immunotherapy of luminal breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianfei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji-Med X Clinical Stem Cell Research Center, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jilong Qin
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliate Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | | | - Lei Gong
- Yuhuangding Hospital, Yantai, China
| | - Bing Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Yan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji-Med X Clinical Stem Cell Research Center, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Wei-Qiang Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji-Med X Clinical Stem Cell Research Center, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China. Collarative Innovation Center of Systems Biomedicine, Sanghai, China.
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30
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Chen X, Tang S, Zheng JS, Zhao R, Wang ZP, Shao W, Chang HN, Cheng JY, Zhao H, Liu L, Qi H. Chemical synthesis of a two-photon-activatable chemokine and photon-guided lymphocyte migration in vivo. Nat Commun 2015; 6:7220. [PMID: 26008852 PMCID: PMC4455097 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms8220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2014] [Accepted: 04/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemokine-guided lymphocyte positioning in tissues is crucial for normal operation of the immune system. Direct, real-time manipulation and measurement of single-cell responses to chemokines is highly desired for investigating the cell biology of lymphocyte migration in vivo. Here we report the development of the first two-photon-activatable chemokine CCL5 through efficient one-pot total chemical synthesis in milligram scale. By spatiotemporally controlled photoactivation, we show at the single-cell level that T cells perceive the directional cue without relying on PI3K activities, which are nonetheless required for persistent migration over an extended period of time. By intravital imaging, we demonstrate artificial T-cell positioning in cutaneous tissues and lymph nodes. This work establishes a general strategy to develop high-quality photo-activatable protein agents through tailor-designed caging of multiple residues and highlights the potential of photo-activatable chemokines for understanding and potential therapeutic manipulation of cell positioning and position-controlled cell behaviours in vivo. The precise spatiotemporal control of chemokine exposure would be an advantageous tool for immune cell research. Here, Chen et al. develop a two-photon-activatable chemokine CCL5 and use it to direct lymphocyte migration in vivo and to show that PI3-kinase is not required to sense a gradient in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Chen
- Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, Laboratory of Dynamic Immunobiology, Institute for Immunology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Shan Tang
- Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Ji-Shen Zheng
- High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
| | - Ruozhu Zhao
- Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, Laboratory of Dynamic Immunobiology, Institute for Immunology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Zhi-Peng Wang
- Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Wen Shao
- Laboratory for Stem Cells and Epigenetics, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Hao-Nan Chang
- Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Jing-Yuan Cheng
- Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Hui Zhao
- School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Lei Liu
- Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Hai Qi
- Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, Laboratory of Dynamic Immunobiology, Institute for Immunology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
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31
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Interactions of the Chemokine CCL5/RANTES with Medium-Sized Chondroitin Sulfate Ligands. Structure 2015; 23:1066-77. [PMID: 25982530 DOI: 10.1016/j.str.2015.03.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2014] [Revised: 03/23/2015] [Accepted: 03/31/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Interactions of the chemokine CCL5 (RANTES) with glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) are crucial to the CCL5-mediated inflammation process. However, structural information on interactions between CCL5 and longer GAG fragments is lacking. In this study, the interactions between oligosaccharides derived from chondroitin sulfate and a dimeric variant of CCL5 were investigated using solution nuclear magnetic resonance. The data indicate that, in addition to the BBXB motif in the 40s loop, GAGs also contact residues in the N loop in a manner similar to interactions between chemokine and the receptor N terminus, leading to possible stabilization of the dimer. Using 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-1-yl)oxidanyl-tagged hexasaccharides, the binding orientation of the hexasaccharides was shown to be highly dependent on the sulfation pattern of the N-acetyl galactosamine groups. Finally, a model of the CCL5 dimer complexed to chondroitin sulfate hexasaccharides was constructed using paramagnetic relaxation enhancement and intra- and intermolecular nuclear Overhauser effect constraints.
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32
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Singh A, Kett WC, Severin IC, Agyekum I, Duan J, Amster IJ, Proudfoot AEI, Coombe DR, Woods RJ. The Interaction of Heparin Tetrasaccharides with Chemokine CCL5 Is Modulated by Sulfation Pattern and pH. J Biol Chem 2015; 290:15421-15436. [PMID: 25907556 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m115.655845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Interactions between chemokines such as CCL5 and glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) are essential for creating haptotactic gradients to guide the migration of leukocytes into inflammatory sites, and the GAGs that interact with CCL5 with the highest affinity are heparan sulfates/heparin. The interaction between CCL5 and its receptor on monocytes, CCR1, is mediated through residues Arg-17 and -47 in CCL5, which overlap with the GAG-binding (44)RKNR(47) "BBXB" motifs. Here we report that heparin and tetrasaccharide fragments of heparin are able to inhibit CCL5-CCR1 binding, with IC50 values showing strong dependence on the pattern and extent of sulfation. Modeling of the CCL5-tetrasaccharide complexes suggested that interactions between specific sulfate and carboxylate groups of heparin and residues Arg-17 and -47 of the protein are essential for strong inhibition; tetrasaccharides lacking the specific sulfation pattern were found to preferentially bind CCL5 in positions less favorable for inhibition of the interaction with CCR1. Simulations of a 12-mer heparin fragment bound to CCL5 indicated that the oligosaccharide preferred to interact simultaneously with both (44)RKNR(47) motifs in the CCL5 homodimer and engaged residues Arg-47 and -17 from both chains. Direct engagement of these residues by the longer heparin oligosaccharide provides a rationalization for its effectiveness as an inhibitor of CCL5-CCR1 interaction. In this mode, histidine (His-23) may contribute to CCL5-GAG interactions when the pH drops just below neutral, as occurs during inflammation. Additionally, an examination of the contribution of pH to modulating CCL5-heparin interactions suggested a need for careful interpretation of experimental results when experiments are performed under non-physiological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arunima Singh
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center and, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602
| | - Warren C Kett
- Molecular Immunology, School of Biomedical Sciences, CHIRI Biosciences Research Precinct, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Perth 6102, Australia
| | - India C Severin
- Merck Serono Geneva Research Centre, 9 chemin des Mines, 1202 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Isaac Agyekum
- Department of Chemistry, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602
| | - Jiana Duan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602
| | - I Jonathan Amster
- Department of Chemistry, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602
| | - Amanda E I Proudfoot
- Merck Serono Geneva Research Centre, 9 chemin des Mines, 1202 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Deirdre R Coombe
- Molecular Immunology, School of Biomedical Sciences, CHIRI Biosciences Research Precinct, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Perth 6102, Australia.
| | - Robert J Woods
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center and, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602.
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Neves F, Abrantes J, Lissovsky AA, Esteves PJ. Pseudogenization of CCL14 in the Ochotonidae (pika) family. Innate Immun 2015; 21:647-54. [PMID: 25817712 DOI: 10.1177/1753425915577455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2014] [Accepted: 02/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The interaction between chemokines and their receptors is crucial for inflammatory cell trafficking. CCL14 binds with high affinity to CCR5. In leporids, CCR5 underwent gene conversion with CCR2. The study of CCR5 ligands in leporid species showed that CCL8 is pseudogenized, while CCL3, CCL4 and CCL5 are functional. Here, we study the evolution of CCL14 in mammals with emphasis in the order Lagomorpha. By employing maximum likelihood methods we detected six sites under positive selection. Some of these sites are located in regions crucial for CCL14 activation and binding to receptors. Sequencing of CCL14 in Ochotona species showed that O. princeps, O. pallasi, O. alpina and O. turuchanensis have a mutation at the start codon (Met > Thr), while O. hoffmanni, O. mantchurica, O. dauurica and O. rufescens present the mammalian conserved Met. Ochotona hyperborea has the two alleles. In O. pusilla, CCL14 is a pseudogene due to a seven base pair insertion. Like CCL3, CCL4 and CCL5, CCL14 is functional in all leporids but in the Ochotonidae family it underwent a pseudogenization process. This suggests that CCL14 has an important biological role in other mammals by evolving under positive selection that has been lost in Ochotonidae (subgenera Pika and Lagotona).
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabiana Neves
- CIBIO, InBIO - Research Network in Biodiversity and Evolutionary Biology, Universidade do Porto, Campus de Vairão, Rua Padre Armando Quintas, Vairão, Portugal UMIB - Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas de Abel Salazar (ICBAS) - UPorto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Joana Abrantes
- CIBIO, InBIO - Research Network in Biodiversity and Evolutionary Biology, Universidade do Porto, Campus de Vairão, Rua Padre Armando Quintas, Vairão, Portugal
| | - Andrey A Lissovsky
- Zoological Museum of Moscow State University, B. Nikitskaya, 6, Moscow 125009, Russia
| | - Pedro José Esteves
- CIBIO, InBIO - Research Network in Biodiversity and Evolutionary Biology, Universidade do Porto, Campus de Vairão, Rua Padre Armando Quintas, Vairão, Portugal CITS - Centro de Investigação em Tecnologias de Saúde, CESPU, Gandra, Portugal
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Bonvin P, Dunn SM, Rousseau F, Dyer DP, Shaw J, Power CA, Handel TM, Proudfoot AEI. Identification of the pharmacophore of the CC chemokine-binding proteins Evasin-1 and -4 using phage display. J Biol Chem 2014; 289:31846-31855. [PMID: 25266725 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.599233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
To elucidate the ligand-binding surface of the CC chemokine-binding proteins Evasin-1 and Evasin-4, produced by the tick Rhipicephalus sanguineus, we sought to identify the key determinants responsible for their different chemokine selectivities by expressing Evasin mutants using phage display. We first designed alanine mutants based on the Evasin-1·CCL3 complex structure and an in silico model of Evasin-4 bound to CCL3. The mutants were displayed on M13 phage particles, and binding to chemokine was assessed by ELISA. Selected variants were then produced as purified proteins and characterized by surface plasmon resonance analysis and inhibition of chemotaxis. The method was validated by confirming the importance of Phe-14 and Trp-89 to the inhibitory properties of Evasin-1 and led to the identification of a third crucial residue, Asn-88. Two amino acids, Glu-16 and Tyr-19, were identified as key residues for binding and inhibition of Evasin-4. In a parallel approach, we identified one clone (Y28Q/N60D) that showed a clear reduction in binding to CCL3, CCL5, and CCL8. It therefore appears that Evasin-1 and -4 use different pharmacophores to bind CC chemokines, with the principal binding occurring through the C terminus of Evasin-1, but through the N-terminal region of Evasin-4. However, both proteins appear to target chemokine N termini, presumably because these domains are key to receptor signaling. The results also suggest that phage display may offer a useful approach for rapid investigation of the pharmacophores of small inhibitory binding proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pauline Bonvin
- Merck Serono Geneva Research Centre, 9 chemin des Mines, 1202 Geneva, Switzerland,; NovImmune SA, 14 chemin des Aulx, 1228 Plan-les-Ouates, Geneva, Switzerland, and
| | - Steven M Dunn
- Merck Serono Geneva Research Centre, 9 chemin des Mines, 1202 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - François Rousseau
- NovImmune SA, 14 chemin des Aulx, 1228 Plan-les-Ouates, Geneva, Switzerland, and
| | - Douglas P Dyer
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093-0684
| | - Jeffrey Shaw
- Merck Serono Geneva Research Centre, 9 chemin des Mines, 1202 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Christine A Power
- Merck Serono Geneva Research Centre, 9 chemin des Mines, 1202 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Tracy M Handel
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093-0684
| | - Amanda E I Proudfoot
- Merck Serono Geneva Research Centre, 9 chemin des Mines, 1202 Geneva, Switzerland,; NovImmune SA, 14 chemin des Aulx, 1228 Plan-les-Ouates, Geneva, Switzerland, and.
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Velasco-Velázquez M, Xolalpa W, Pestell RG. The potential to target CCL5/CCR5 in breast cancer. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2014; 18:1265-75. [DOI: 10.1517/14728222.2014.949238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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Gene transfer of the S24F regulated on activation normal T-cell expressed and secreted-chemokine ligand 5 variant attenuates cardiac allograft rejection. Transplantation 2014; 97:1233-9. [PMID: 24825519 DOI: 10.1097/tp.0000000000000122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Regulated on activation normal T-cell expressed and secreted (RANTES)-chemokine ligand 5 plays a key role in mediating heart transplant rejection. Suppression of RANTES-mediated signals can reduce leukocyte recruitment and mitigate transplant rejection severity. The present study describes the construction of an adenovirus overexpression vector encoding a natural S24F RANTES variant as a means of reducing leukocyte recruitment, resulting in the prevention of allograft rejection. METHODS The in vitro transendothelial chemotaxis assay was used to compare RANTES-induced transmigration of peripheral blood mononuclear cells across human umbilical vein endothelial cells cultured on the upper Transwell chamber. Intracoronary delivery of Ad-S24F, Ad-Null, or phosphate-buffered saline was performed in BALB/c donor hearts that were transplanted into the abdominal cavity of C57BL/6 recipients as a measure of allograft survival. Intragraft inflammatory cell infiltrates and associated proinflammatory cytokine expression profiles were detected by immunohistochemistry and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction on day 6 after transplantation, respectively. RESULTS Regulated on activation normal T-cell expressed and secreted-induced peripheral blood mononuclear cell transendothelial chemotaxis is inhibited by S24F (Ad-S24F, 9.2%±0.02%; Ad-Null, 17.7%±0.02%; medium control, 15.1%±0.01%; P<0.05). Cardiac allograft survival was prolonged after delivery of 1×10 plaque-forming units of Ad-S24F (13.00±0.33 days compared with 9.38±0.60 and 9.00±0.38 days after Ad-Null or phosphate-buffered saline treatment, respectively, P<0.05). S24F gene transfer reduced the number of intragraft CD8 T lymphocytes, monocyte-macrophages, and T-cell receptor αβ cell infiltrates (P<0.05) and decreased transcripts for RANTES and interferon-γ (P<0.05). CONCLUSION S24F is an important component of the chemokine network involved in regulating the biologic activity of RANTES, and its expression can be used in the prevention and treatment of cardiac allograft rejection.
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Elucidating a key anti-HIV-1 and cancer-associated axis: the structure of CCL5 (Rantes) in complex with CCR5. Sci Rep 2014; 4:5447. [PMID: 24965094 PMCID: PMC4894430 DOI: 10.1038/srep05447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2014] [Accepted: 06/05/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
CCL5 (RANTES) is an inflammatory chemokine which binds to chemokine receptor CCR5 and induces signaling. The CCL5:CCR5 associated chemotactic signaling is of critical biological importance and is a potential HIV-1 therapeutic axis. Several studies provided growing evidence for the expression of CCL5 and CCR5 in non-hematological malignancies. Therefore, the delineation of the CCL5:CCR5 complex structure can pave the way for novel CCR5-targeted drugs. We employed a computational protocol which is primarily based on free energy calculations and molecular dynamics simulations, and report, what is to our knowledge, the first computationally derived CCL5:CCR5 complex structure which is in excellent agreement with experimental findings and clarifies the functional role of CCL5 and CCR5 residues which are associated with binding and signaling. A wealth of polar and non-polar interactions contributes to the tight CCL5:CCR5 binding. The structure of an HIV-1 gp120 V3 loop in complex with CCR5 has recently been derived through a similar computational protocol. A comparison between the CCL5 : CCR5 and the HIV-1 gp120 V3 loop : CCR5 complex structures depicts that both the chemokine and the virus primarily interact with the same CCR5 residues. The present work provides insights into the blocking mechanism of HIV-1 by CCL5.
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Targeting tumor micro-environment for design and development of novel anti-angiogenic agents arresting tumor growth. PROGRESS IN BIOPHYSICS AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2013; 113:333-54. [PMID: 24139944 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbiomolbio.2013.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2013] [Revised: 10/05/2013] [Accepted: 10/08/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Angiogenesis: a process of generation of new blood vessels has been proved to be necessary for sustained tumor growth and cancer progression. Inhibiting angiogenesis pathway has long been remained a significant hope for the development of novel, effective and target orientated antitumor agents arresting the tumor proliferation and metastasis. The process of neoangiogenesis as a biological process is regulated by several pro- and anti-angiogenic factors, especially vascular endothelial growth factor, fibroblast growth factor, epidermal growth factor, hypoxia inducible factor 1 and transforming growth factor. Every endothelial cell destined for vessel formation is equipped with receptors for these angiogenic peptides. Moreover, numerous other angiogenic cytokines such as platelet derived growth factor (PGDF), placenta growth factor (PGF), nerve growth factor (NGF), stem-cell factor (SCF), and interleukins-2, 4, 6 etc. These molecular players performs critical role in regulating the angiogenic switch. Couple of decade's research in molecular aspects of tumor biology has unraveled numerous structural and functional mysteries of these angiogenic peptides. In present article, a detailed update on the functional and structural peculiarities of the various angiogenic peptides is described focusing on structural opportunities made available that has potential to be used to modulate function of these angiogenic peptides in developing therapeutic agents targeting neoplastic angiogenesis. The data may be useful in the mainstream of developing novel anticancer agents targeting tumor angiogenesis. We also discuss major therapeutic agents that are currently used in angiogenesis associated therapies as well as those are subject of active research or are in clinical trials.
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Barashi N, Weiss ID, Wald O, Wald H, Beider K, Abraham M, Klein S, Goldenberg D, Axelrod J, Pikarsky E, Abramovitch R, Zeira E, Galun E, Peled A. Inflammation-induced hepatocellular carcinoma is dependent on CCR5 in mice. Hepatology 2013; 58:1021-30. [PMID: 23526353 DOI: 10.1002/hep.26403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2012] [Accepted: 03/15/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is an inflammation-induced cancer, which is the third-leading cause of cancer mortality worldwide. We investigated the role of the chemokine receptors, CCR5 and CCR1, in regulating inflammation and tumorigenesis in an inflammation-induced HCC model in mice. Multidrug resistance 2 gene (Mdr2)-knockout (Mdr2-KO) mice spontaneously develop chronic cholestatic hepatitis and fibrosis that is eventually followed by HCC. We generated two new strains from the Mdr2-KO mouse, the Mdr2:CCR5 and the Mdr2:CCR1 double knockouts (DKOs), and set out to compare inflammation and tumorigenesis among these strains. We found that in Mdr2-KO mice lacking the chemokine receptor, CCR5 (Mdr2:CCR5 DKO mice), but not CCR1 (Mdr2:CCR1 DKO), macrophage recruitment and trafficking to the liver was significantly reduced. Furthermore, in the absence of CCR5, reduced inflammation was also associated with reduced periductal accumulation of CD24(+) oval cells and abrogation of fibrosis. DKO mice for Mdr2 and CCR5 exhibited a significant decrease in tumor incidence and size. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicate that CCR5 has a critical role in both the development and progression of liver cancer. Therefore, we propose that a CCR5 antagonist can serve for HCC cancer prevention and treatment.
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MESH Headings
- ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B/deficiency
- ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B/genetics
- ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B/physiology
- Animals
- Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/epidemiology
- Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/etiology
- Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/physiopathology
- Chemokine CCL5/physiology
- Disease Models, Animal
- Disease Progression
- Hepatitis, Chronic/complications
- Hepatitis, Chronic/genetics
- Incidence
- Liver/pathology
- Liver/physiopathology
- Liver Cirrhosis/complications
- Liver Cirrhosis/genetics
- Liver Neoplasms/epidemiology
- Liver Neoplasms/etiology
- Liver Neoplasms/physiopathology
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Knockout
- Receptors, CCR1/deficiency
- Receptors, CCR1/genetics
- Receptors, CCR1/physiology
- Receptors, CCR5/deficiency
- Receptors, CCR5/genetics
- Receptors, CCR5/physiology
- ATP-Binding Cassette Sub-Family B Member 4
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Affiliation(s)
- Neta Barashi
- Goldyne Savad Institute of Gene Therapy, Human Biology Research Center, Hadassah Hebrew University Hospital, Jerusalem, Israel
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CCL5 as a potential immunotherapeutic target in triple-negative breast cancer. Cell Mol Immunol 2013; 10:303-10. [PMID: 23376885 DOI: 10.1038/cmi.2012.69] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2012] [Revised: 11/19/2012] [Accepted: 11/20/2012] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer (BC) is a leading cause of mortality among women in the world. To date, a number of molecules have been established as disease status indicators and therapeutic targets. The best known among them are estrogen receptor-α (ER-α), progesterone receptor (PR) and HER-2/neu. About 15%-20% BC patients do not respond effectively to therapies targeting these classes of tumor-promoting factors. Thus, additional targets are strongly and urgently sought after in therapy for human BCs negative for ER, PR and HER-2, the so-called triple-negative BC (TNBC). Recent clinical work has revealed that CC chemokine ligand 5 (CCL5) is strongly associated with the progression of BC, particularly TNBC. How CCL5 contributes to the development of TNBC is not well understood. Experimental animal studies have begun to address the mechanistic issue. In this article, we will review the clinical and laboratory work in this area that has led to our own hypothesis that targeting CCL5 in TNBCs will have favorable therapeutic outcomes with minimal adverse impact on the general physiology.
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41
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Chemokine oligomerization in cell signaling and migration. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE 2013; 117:531-78. [PMID: 23663982 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-386931-9.00020-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Chemokines are small proteins best known for their role in controlling the migration of diverse cells, particularly leukocytes. Upon binding to their G-protein-coupled receptors on the leukocytes, chemokines stimulate the signaling events that cause cytoskeletal rearrangements involved in cell movement, and migration of the cells along chemokine gradients. Depending on the cell type, chemokines also induce many other types of cellular responses including those related to defense mechanisms, cell proliferation, survival, and development. Historically, most research efforts have focused on the interaction of chemokines with their receptors, where monomeric forms of the ligands are the functionally relevant state. More recently, however, the importance of chemokine interactions with cell surface glycosaminoglycans has come to light, and in most cases appears to involve oligomeric chemokine structures. This review summarizes existing knowledge relating to the structure and function of chemokine oligomers, and emerging methodology for determining structures of complex chemokine assemblies in the future.
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A novel role of hematopoietic CCL5 in promoting triple-negative mammary tumor progression by regulating generation of myeloid-derived suppressor cells. Cell Res 2012; 23:394-408. [PMID: 23266888 DOI: 10.1038/cr.2012.178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
CCL5 is a member of the CC chemokine family expressed in a wide array of immune and non-immune cells in response to stress signals. CCL5 expression correlates with advanced human breast cancer. However, its functional significance and mode of action have not been established. Here, we show that CCL5-deficient mice are resistant to highly aggressive, triple-negative mammary tumor growth. Hematopoietic CCL5 is dominant in this phenotype. The absence of hematopoietic CCL5 causes aberrant generation of CD11b(+)/Gr-1(+), myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) in the bone marrow in response to tumor growth by accumulating Ly6C(hi) and Ly6G(+) MDSCs with impaired capacity to suppress cytotoxicity of CD8(+) T cells. These properties of CCL5 are observed in both orthotopic and spontaneous mammary tumors. Antibody-mediated systemic blockade of CCL5 inhibits tumor progression and enhances the efficacy of therapeutic vaccination against non-immunogenic tumors. CCL5 also helps maintain the immunosuppressive capacity of human MDSCs. Our study uncovers a novel, chemokine-independent activity of the hematopoietically derived CCL5 that promotes mammary tumor progression via generating MDSCs in the bone marrow in cooperation with tumor-derived colony-stimulating factors. The study sheds considerable light on the interplay between the hematopoietic compartment and tumor niche. Because of the apparent dispensable nature of this molecule in normal physiology, CCL5 may represent an excellent therapeutic target in immunotherapy for breast cancer as well as a broad range of solid tumors that have significant amounts of MDSC infiltration.
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Scholten DJ, Canals M, Maussang D, Roumen L, Smit MJ, Wijtmans M, de Graaf C, Vischer HF, Leurs R. Pharmacological modulation of chemokine receptor function. Br J Pharmacol 2012; 165:1617-1643. [PMID: 21699506 DOI: 10.1111/j.1476-5381.2011.01551.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 181] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
G protein-coupled chemokine receptors and their peptidergic ligands are interesting therapeutic targets due to their involvement in various immune-related diseases, including rheumatoid arthritis, multiple sclerosis, inflammatory bowel disease, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, HIV-1 infection and cancer. To tackle these diseases, a lot of effort has been focused on discovery and development of small-molecule chemokine receptor antagonists. This has been rewarded by the market approval of two novel chemokine receptor inhibitors, AMD3100 (CXCR4) and Maraviroc (CCR5) for stem cell mobilization and treatment of HIV-1 infection respectively. The recent GPCR crystal structures together with mutagenesis and pharmacological studies have aided in understanding how small-molecule ligands interact with chemokine receptors. Many of these ligands display behaviour deviating from simple competition and do not interact with the chemokine binding site, providing evidence for an allosteric mode of action. This review aims to give an overview of the evidence supporting modulation of this intriguing receptor family by a range of ligands, including small molecules, peptides and antibodies. Moreover, the computer-assisted modelling of chemokine receptor-ligand interactions is discussed in view of GPCR crystal structures. Finally, the implications of concepts such as functional selectivity and chemokine receptor dimerization are considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- D J Scholten
- Leiden/Amsterdam Center for Drug Research, Division of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Science, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - M Canals
- Leiden/Amsterdam Center for Drug Research, Division of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Science, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - D Maussang
- Leiden/Amsterdam Center for Drug Research, Division of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Science, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - L Roumen
- Leiden/Amsterdam Center for Drug Research, Division of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Science, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - M J Smit
- Leiden/Amsterdam Center for Drug Research, Division of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Science, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - M Wijtmans
- Leiden/Amsterdam Center for Drug Research, Division of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Science, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - C de Graaf
- Leiden/Amsterdam Center for Drug Research, Division of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Science, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - H F Vischer
- Leiden/Amsterdam Center for Drug Research, Division of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Science, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - R Leurs
- Leiden/Amsterdam Center for Drug Research, Division of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Science, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
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Chevigné A, Fievez V, Schmit JC, Deroo S. Engineering and screening the N-terminus of chemokines for drug discovery. Biochem Pharmacol 2011; 82:1438-56. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2011.07.091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2011] [Revised: 07/21/2011] [Accepted: 07/22/2011] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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MacGregor HJ, Kato Y, Marshall LJ, Nevell TG, Shute JK. A copper-hydrogen peroxide redox system induces dityrosine cross-links and chemokine oligomerisation. Cytokine 2011; 56:669-75. [PMID: 21963154 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2011.08.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2011] [Revised: 07/13/2011] [Accepted: 08/13/2011] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The activity of the chemoattractant cytokines, the chemokines, in vivo is enhanced by oligomerisation and aggregation on glycosaminoglycan (GAG), particularly heparan sulphate, side chains of proteoglycans. The chemokine RANTES (CCL5) is a T-lymphocyte and monocyte chemoattractant, which has a minimum tetrameric structure for in vivo activity and a propensity to form higher order oligomers. RANTES is unusual among the chemokines in having five tyrosine residues, an amino acid susceptible to oxidative cross-linking. Using fluorescence emission spectroscopy, Western blot analysis and LCMS-MS, we show that a copper/H2O2 redox system induces the formation of covalent dityrosine cross-links and RANTES oligomerisation with the formation of tetramers, as well as higher order oligomers. Amongst the transition metals tested, namely copper, nickel, mercury, iron and zinc, copper appeared unique in this respect. At high (400 μM) concentrations of H2O2, RANTES monomers, dimers and oligomers are destroyed, but heparan sulphate protects the chemokine from oxidative damage, promoting dityrosine cross-links and multimer formation under oxidative conditions. Low levels of dityrosine cross-links were detected in copper/H2O2-treated IL-8 (CXCL8), which has one tyrosine residue, and none were detected in ENA-78 (CXCL5), which has none. Redox-treated RANTES was fully functional in Boyden chamber assays of T-cell migration and receptor usage on activated T-cells following RANTES oligomerisation was not altered. Our results point to a protective, anti-oxidant, role for heparan sulphate and a previously unrecognised role for copper in chemokine oligomerisation that may offer an explanation for the known anti-inflammatory effect of copper-chelators such as penicillamine and tobramycin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen J MacGregor
- The Institute of Biomedical and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Portsmouth, UK
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46
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Xue X, Lu Q, Wei H, Wang D, Chen D, He G, Huang L, Wang H, Wang X. Structural basis of chemokine sequestration by CrmD, a poxvirus-encoded tumor necrosis factor receptor. PLoS Pathog 2011; 7:e1002162. [PMID: 21829356 PMCID: PMC3145792 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1002162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2011] [Accepted: 05/28/2011] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Pathogens have evolved sophisticated mechanisms to evade detection and destruction by the host immune system. Large DNA viruses encode homologues of chemokines and their receptors, as well as chemokine-binding proteins (CKBPs) to modulate the chemokine network in host response. The SECRET domain (smallpox virus-encoded chemokine receptor) represents a new family of viral CKBPs that binds a subset of chemokines from different classes to inhibit their activities, either independently or fused with viral tumor necrosis factor receptors (vTNFRs). Here we present the crystal structures of the SECRET domain of vTNFR CrmD encoded by ectromelia virus and its complex with chemokine CX3CL1. The SECRET domain adopts a β-sandwich fold and utilizes its β-sheet I surface to interact with CX3CL1, representing a new chemokine-binding manner of viral CKBPs. Structure-based mutagenesis and biochemical analysis identified important basic residues in the 40s loop of CX3CL1 for the interaction. Mutation of corresponding acidic residues in the SECRET domain also affected the binding for other chemokines, indicating that the SECRET domain binds different chemokines in a similar manner. We further showed that heparin inhibited the binding of CX3CL1 by the SECRET domain and the SECRET domain inhibited RAW264.7 cell migration induced by CX3CL1. These results together shed light on the structural basis for the SECRET domain to inhibit chemokine activities by interfering with both chemokine-GAG and chemokine-receptor interactions. Chemokines are a family of small proteins that help the immune system fight against invading pathogens by inducing the white blood cells to the areas of infection and inflammation. Due to the important roles of chemokines in immune response, the pathogens evolve diverse mechanisms to neutralize their activities. One example is that large DNA viruses, such as poxviruses and herpesviruses can produce chemokine binding proteins (CKBPs) to sequester chemokines during the infection. The SECRET domain represents a new family of viral CKBPs that was originally identified as a C-terminal extension of the viral tumor necrosis factor receptors (vTNFRs). We determined the three-dimensional structures of the SECRET domain and its complex with chemokine CX3CL1, revealing a new chemokine-binding manner of viral CKBPs. We also showed that other chemokines from different classes may be bound by the SECRET domain in a way similar to that observed in the SECRET/CX3CL1 complex structure. Our biochemical and chemotaxis assays also suggest that the SECRET domain is able to interfere with both chemokine-GAG and chemokine-receptor interactions, both of which are essential for chemokine activities in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoguang Xue
- Center for Structural Biology, School of Life Sciences, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Protein Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Qingyu Lu
- Center for Structural Biology, School of Life Sciences, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Protein Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Wei
- Center for Structural Biology, School of Life Sciences, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Protein Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Dongli Wang
- Center for Structural Biology, School of Life Sciences, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Protein Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Dongwei Chen
- School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Guangjun He
- Center for Structural Biology, School of Life Sciences, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Protein Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Hanzhong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinquan Wang
- Center for Structural Biology, School of Life Sciences, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Protein Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
- * E-mail:
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47
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Chertov O, Zhang N, Chen X, Oppenheim JJ, Lubkowski J, McGrath C, Sowder RC, Crise BJ, Malyguine A, Kutzler MA, Steele AD, Henderson EE, Rogers TJ. Novel peptides based on HIV-1 gp120 sequence with homology to chemokines inhibit HIV infection in cell culture. PLoS One 2011; 6:e14474. [PMID: 21264298 PMCID: PMC3019152 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0014474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2009] [Accepted: 12/05/2010] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
The sequential interaction of the envelope glycoprotein of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) with CD4 and certain chemokine coreceptors initiates host cell entry of the virus. The appropriate chemokines have been shown to inhibit viral replication by blocking interaction of the gp120 envelope protein with the coreceptors. We considered the possibility that this interaction involves a motif of the gp120 that may be structurally homologous to the chemokines. In the amino acid sequences of most chemokines there is a Trp residue located at the beginning of the C-terminal α-helix, which is separated by six residues from the fourth Cys residue. The gp120 of all HIV-1 isolates have a similar motif, which includes the C-terminal part of a variable loop 3 (V3) and N-terminal part of a conserved region 3 (C3). Two synthetic peptides, derived from the relevant gp120 sequence inhibited HIV-1 replication in macrophages and T lymphocytes in sequence-dependent manner. The peptides also prevented binding of anti-CXCR4 antibodies to CXCR4, and inhibited the intracellular Ca2+ influx in response to CXCL12/SDF-1α. Thus these peptides can be used to dissect gp120 interactions with chemokine receptors and could serve as leads for the design of new inhibitors of HIV-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oleg Chertov
- Protein Chemistry Laboratory, Advanced Technology Program, SAIC-Frederick, Inc., National Cancer Institute at Frederick, Frederick, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Ning Zhang
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunoregulation, National Cancer Institute at Frederick, Frederick, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Xin Chen
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunoregulation, National Cancer Institute at Frederick, Frederick, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Joost J. Oppenheim
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunoregulation, National Cancer Institute at Frederick, Frederick, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Jacek Lubkowski
- Macromolecular Crystallography Laboratory, National Cancer Institute at Frederick, Frederick, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Connor McGrath
- Target Structure-Based Drug Discovery Group, Frederick, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Raymond C. Sowder
- AIDS and Cancer Virus Program, SAIC-Frederick, Inc., Frederick, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Bruce J. Crise
- AIDS and Cancer Virus Program, SAIC-Frederick, Inc., Frederick, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Anatoli Malyguine
- Clinical Services Program, SAIC-Frederick, Inc., Frederick, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Michele A. Kutzler
- Department of Pharmacology, Fels Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular Biology, Center for Substance Abuse Research, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Amber D. Steele
- Department of Pharmacology, Fels Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular Biology, Center for Substance Abuse Research, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Earl E. Henderson
- Department of Pharmacology, Fels Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular Biology, Center for Substance Abuse Research, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Thomas J. Rogers
- Department of Pharmacology, Fels Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular Biology, Center for Substance Abuse Research, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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48
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Kraemer S, Lue H, Zernecke A, Kapurniotu A, Andreetto E, Frank R, Lennartz B, Weber C, Bernhagen J. MIF-chemokine receptor interactions in atherogenesis are dependent on an N-loop-based 2-site binding mechanism. FASEB J 2010; 25:894-906. [PMID: 21106938 DOI: 10.1096/fj.10-168559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) is a cytokine that mediates inflammatory diseases. MIF promotes atherogenic leukocyte recruitment through a promiscuous, yet highly affine, interaction with CXCR2 and CXCR4. Binding to CXCR2 is dependent on a pseudo-(E)LR motif in MIF, but a second interaction site has been elusive. Here we identified an N-like loop in MIF, suggesting that MIF binding to CXCR2 follows the 2-site binding mode of bona fide chemokines. For MIF, the model predicts interactions between the N-like loop and the CXCR2 N domain (site 1) and pseudo-(E)LR and extracellular loops (ELs) of CXCR2 (site 2). Applying biophysical and peptide array analysis, we demonstrated an interaction between MIF and the CXCR2 N domain, which was pseudo-(E)LR independent. Peptide array analysis also indicated that the pseudo-(E)LR motif is responsible for MIF binding to EL2 and 3. Notably, peptides MIF-(40-49) and MIF-(47-56), representing N-like-loop-derived peptides, but not a scrambled control peptide, significantly blocked MIF/CXCR2 binding, MIF-mediated monocyte arrest under flow on aortic endothelial cells in vitro (IC(50): 1.24×10(-6) M), and MIF-dependent monocyte adhesion to atherosclerotic mouse carotid arteries in vivo. Thus, the N-like loop in MIF is critical for MIF's noncognate interaction with CXCR2 and proatherogenic functions. The 2-site binding model that explains chemokine receptor activation also applies to MIF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Kraemer
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule Aachen University, Pauwelsstrasse 30, D-52074 Aachen, Germany
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49
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Jin H, Kagiampakis I, Li P, Liwang PJ. Structural and functional studies of the potent anti-HIV chemokine variant P2-RANTES. Proteins 2010; 78:295-308. [PMID: 19722264 DOI: 10.1002/prot.22542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The N-terminal region of the chemokine RANTES is critical for its function. A synthesized N-terminally modified analog of RANTES, P2-RANTES, was discovered using a phage display selection against living CCR5-expressing cells, and has been reported to inhibit HIV-1 env-mediated cell-cell fusion at subnanomolar levels (Hartley et al. J Virol 2003;77:6637-6644). In the present study we produced this protein using E. coli overexpression and extensively studied its structure and function. The x-ray crystal structure of P2-RANTES was solved and refined at 1.7 A resolution. This protein was found to be predominantly a monomer in solution by analytical ultracentrifugation, but a tetramer in the crystal. In studies of glycosaminoglycan binding, P2-RANTES was found to be significantly less able to bind heparin than wild type RANTES. We also tested this protein for receptor internalization where it was shown to be functional, in cell-cell fusion assays where recombinant P2-RANTES was a potent fusion inhibitor (IC(50) = 2.4 +/- 0.8 nM), and in single round infection assays where P2-RANTES inhibited at subnanomolar levels. Further, in a modified fusion assay designed to test specificity of inhibition, P2-RANTES was also highly effective, with a 65-fold improvement over the fusion inhibitor C37, which is closely related to the clinically approved inhibitor T-20. These studies provide detailed structural and functional information for this novel N-terminally modified chemokine mutant. This information will be very useful in the development of more potent anti-HIV agents. PDB Accession Number: 2vxw.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongjun Jin
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843-2128, USA
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50
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Shimizu K, Minami M, Shubiki R, Lopez-Ilasaca M, MacFarlane L, Asami Y, Li Y, Mitchell RN, Libby P. CC chemokine receptor-1 activates intimal smooth muscle-like cells in graft arterial disease. Circulation 2009; 120:1800-13. [PMID: 19841301 PMCID: PMC2996873 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.109.859595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Graft arterial disease (GAD) limits long-term solid-organ allograft survival. The thickened intima in GAD contains smooth muscle-like cells (SMLCs), leukocytes, and extracellular matrix. The intimal SMLCs in mouse GAD lesions differ from medial smooth muscle cells in their function and phenotype. Although intimal SMLCs may originate by migration and modulation of donor medial cells or by recruitment of host-derived precursors, the mechanisms that underlie their localization within grafts and the factors that drive these processes remain unclear. METHODS AND RESULTS This study of aortic transplantation in mice demonstrated an important function for chemokines beyond their traditional role in leukocyte recruitment and activation. Intimal SMLCs, but not medial smooth muscle cells, express functional CC chemokine receptor-1 (CCR1) and respond to RANTES by increased migration and proliferation. Although RANTES infusion in vivo promoted inflammatory cell accumulation in the adventitia of aortic allografts of wild-type and CCR1-deficient recipients, it increased GAD intimal thickening with SMLC proliferation in only the wild-type hosts. Aortic allografts transplanted into CCR1-deficient mice after wild-type bone marrow transplantation did not develop intimal lesions, which indicates that CCR1-bearing inflammatory cells do not contribute to intimal lesion formation. Moreover, RANTES induced SMLC proliferation in vitro but did not promote medial smooth muscle cell growth. Blockade of CCR5 attenuated RANTES-induced T-cell and monocyte/macrophage proliferation but did not affect RANTES-induced SMLC proliferation, consistent with a larger role of CCR1-binding chemokines in SMLC migration and proliferation and GAD development. CONCLUSIONS These studies provide a novel mechanistic insight into the formation of vascular intimal hyperplasia and suggest a novel therapeutic strategy for preventing allograft arteriopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koichi Shimizu
- Donald W. Reynolds Cardiovascular Clinical Research Center, Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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