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Luo HY, Jiang C, Dou SX, Wang PY, Li H. Quantum Dot-Based Three-Dimensional Single-Particle Tracking Characterizes the Evolution of Spatiotemporal Heterogeneity in Necrotic Cells. Anal Chem 2024; 96:11682-11689. [PMID: 38979688 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.4c00097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/10/2024]
Abstract
Cell death is a fundamental biological process with different modes including apoptosis and necrosis. In contrast to programmed apoptosis, necrosis was previously considered disordered and passive, but it is now being realized to be under regulation by certain biological pathways. However, the intracellular dynamics that coordinates with cellular structure changes during necrosis remains unknown, limiting our understanding of the principles of necrosis. Here, we characterized the spatiotemporal intracellular diffusion dynamics in cells undergoing necrosis, using three-dimensional single-particle tracking of quantum dots. We found temporally increased diffusion rates in necrotic cells and spatially enhanced diffusion heterogeneity in the cell periphery, which could be attributed to the reduced molecular crowding resulting from cell swelling and peripheral blebbing, respectively. Moreover, the three-dimensional intracellular diffusion transits from strong anisotropy to nearly isotropy, suggesting a remodeling of the cytoarchitecture that relieves the axial constraint on intracellular diffusion during necrosis. Our results reveal the remarkable alterations of intracellular diffusion dynamics and biophysical properties in necrosis, providing insight into the well-organized nonequilibrium necrotic cell death from a biophysical perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Yu Luo
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics and Laboratory of Soft Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Chao Jiang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics and Laboratory of Soft Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Shuo-Xing Dou
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics and Laboratory of Soft Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Peng-Ye Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics and Laboratory of Soft Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory, Dongguan, Guangdong 523808, China
| | - Hui Li
- School of Systems Science and Institute of Nonequilibrium Systems, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
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2
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Cao X, Wang L, Lin J, Wu G, Tang K, Tang J, Yan Z, An M, Liu Z, Zhou Z. Differential bioaccumulation and tolerances of massive and branching scleractinian corals to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in situ. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 931:172920. [PMID: 38701933 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.172920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2024] [Revised: 04/28/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024]
Abstract
Scleractinian corals are capable of accumulating polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in reef environments; however, the mechanism behind their PAHs tolerance is unknown. This study investigated the occurrence and bioaccumulation of PAHs in coral reef ecosystems and examined the physiological responses induced by PAHs in coral hosts and their algal symbionts, the massive coral Galaxea fascicularis and branching coral Pocillopora damicornis. G. fascicularis had a higher PAHs accumulation capacity than P. damicornis. Both the coral hosts and algal symbionts preferentially accumulated acenaphthene, dibenzo(a,h)anthracene, and benzo(a)pyrene. The accumulated PAHs by G. fascicularis and P. damicornis hosts was accompanied by a reduction in detoxification ability. The accumulated PAHs could induce oxidative stress in P. damicorni hosts, thus G. fascicularis demonstrated a greater tolerance to PAHs compared to P. damicornis. Meanwhile, their algal symbionts had fewer physiological responses to accumulated PAHs than the coral hosts. Negative effects were not observed with benzo(a)pyrene. Taken together, these results suggest massive and branching scleractinian corals have different PAHs bioaccumulation and tolerance mechanisms, and indicate that long-term PAHs pollution could cause significant alterations of community structures in coral reef ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaocong Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China; Hainan Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Haikou 571127, China
| | - Licheng Wang
- Hainan Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Haikou 571127, China
| | - Jiamin Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Guowen Wu
- Hainan Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Haikou 571127, China
| | - Kai Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Jia Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Zhicong Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Mingxun An
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Zhaoqun Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Zhi Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China.
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Zakharova EV, Demyanchuk IS, Sobolev DS, Golivanov YY, Baranova EN, Khaliluev MR. Ac-DEVD-CHO (caspase-3/DEVDase inhibitor) suppresses self-incompatibility-induced programmed cell death in the pollen tubes of petunia (Petunia hybrida E. Vilm.). Cell Death Discov 2024; 10:59. [PMID: 38287001 PMCID: PMC10825214 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-024-01821-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Revised: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 01/31/2024] Open
Abstract
Programmed cell death (PCD) is relevant to many aspects in the growth and development of a plant organism. In their reproduction, many flowering plant species possess self-incompatibility (SI), that is an intraspecific reproductive barrier, which is a genetic mechanism ensuring the avoidance of inbreeding depression by preventing self-pollination. This phenomenon enhances intraspecific variation; however, SI is rather a hindrance for some fruit plant species (such as plum, cherry, and peer trees) rather than an advantage in farming. PCD is a factor of the S-RNase-based SI in Petunia hybrida E. Vilm. The growth of self-incompatible pollen tubes (PTs) is arrested with an increase in the activity of caspase-like proteases during the first hours after pollination so that all traits of PCD-plasma membrane integrity damage, DNA degradation/disintegration, and damage of PT structural organization (absence of vacuoles, turgor disturbance, and separation of cell plasma membrane from the cell wall)-are observable by the moment of PT growth arrest. We succeeded in discovering an additional cytological PCD marker, namely, the formation of ricinosomes in self-incompatible PTs at early stages of PCD. SI is removable by treating petunia stigmas with Acetyl-Asp-Glu-Val-Asp-aldehyde (Ac-DEVD-CHO), an inhibitor of caspase-3/DEVDase, 2 h before a self-incompatible pollination. In this process, the level of caspase-3-like protease activity was low, DNA degradation was absent, PTs grew to the ovary, fertilization was successful, and full-fledged seeds were formed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ilya Sergeevich Demyanchuk
- Timiryazev Institute of Plant Physiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 127276, Botanicheskaya 35, Moscow, Russia
| | - Denis Sergeevich Sobolev
- Timiryazev Institute of Plant Physiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 127276, Botanicheskaya 35, Moscow, Russia
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da Silva CMB, Cano FEM, Gaitskell-Phillips G, Vega FJP. Multiparametric Flow Cytometry for Determination of Viability, Caspase 3 and 7 Activity, and Lipid Peroxidation Adduct (4-Hydroxynonenal) in Equine Spermatozoa. Curr Protoc 2023; 3:e885. [PMID: 37672491 DOI: 10.1002/cpz1.885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/08/2023]
Abstract
Flow cytometry is a powerful tool for the analysis of cell samples formed of multipopulations, such as spermatozoa. In recent years, multiparametric cytometers have evolved, allowing the study of different cellular characteristics, such as protein expression, DNA analysis, or mitochondrial activity. Whether using traditional fluorescent dyes or fluorophore-conjugated antibodies, each cell or cellular component is individually stained, the sample is analyzed at high velocities, and then is displayed and interpreted in a dot-plot. We hereby describe the procedure to perform a multiparametric flow cytometry analysis in equine spermatozoa using three sources of excitation and polychromatic flow cytometry for the detection of 4HNE, a lipid peroxidation adduct (by anti-4HNE antibody), apoptotic markers (by caspases 3 and 7 activity), and live/dead spermatozoa (by ethidium-homodimer) excluding the debris with Hoechst 33342 staining and gating. This multiparametric analysis allows the simultaneous detection of different spermatic parameters, providing useful information for the characterization of a seminal sample and fertility estimation. © 2023 Wiley Periodicals LLC. Basic Protocol: Determination of viability, caspase 3 and 7 activity, and 4-hydroxynonenal in equine spermatozoa by flow cytometry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Maria Balão da Silva
- Polytechnic Institute of Portalegre, Agrarian School of Elvas, Elvas, Portugal
- VALORIZA, Research Centre for Endogenous Resources Valorization, Polytechnic Institute of Portalegre, Portalegre, Portugal
| | - Francisco E Martín Cano
- Laboratory of Equine Reproduction and Equine Spermatology, Universidad de Extremadura, Cáceres, Spain
| | - Gemma Gaitskell-Phillips
- Laboratory of Equine Reproduction and Equine Spermatology, Universidad de Extremadura, Cáceres, Spain
| | - Fernando J Peña Vega
- Laboratory of Equine Reproduction and Equine Spermatology, Universidad de Extremadura, Cáceres, Spain
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Yang X, Lu Y, Kuang Q, Wu Y, Tan X, Lan J, Qiang Z, Feng T. Human embryonic stem cells exert antitumor effects on prostate cancer cells in a co-culture microenvironment. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1164250. [PMID: 37313467 PMCID: PMC10258316 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1164250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer is currently the most common malignancy among men. Given the limitations of current conventional anticancer therapies, new high-risk treatments are urgently needed. Previous studies have shown that embryonic stem cells (ESCs) can reverse the tumorigenic phenotype of tumor cells. However, there are still challenges in using human ESCs (hESCs) directly in cancer treatment. To facilitate the practical application of hESCs, we established a co-culture system consisting of prostate cancer cell lines and hESCs and investigated the antitumor activity of the supernatant of the co-culture system (Co-Sp) in vitro and in vivo, as well as the underlying mechanisms involved. The Co-Sp decreased the viability of prostate cancer cells in a concentration-dependent manner, significantly inhibited colony formation, and induced cell cycle arrest at the G0/G1 phase of the cell cycle. In addition, Co-Sp promoted apoptosis of prostate cancer cells and inhibited cell migration and invasion. In vivo studies also revealed that Co-Sp inhibited tumor growth in the xenograft model. Mechanistic studies showed that Co-Sp reduced the expression of cyclin D1, cyclin E, CDK4, CDK2, MMP-9, MMP-1, and Bcl-2, and increased the expression of p21, cleaved caspase-9, cleaved caspase-3, cleaved PARP, and Bax in prostate cancer cells. Furthermore, the Co-Sp decreased the phosphorylation of PI3K, AKT, and mTOR in cells and tumor tissues. Taken together, our results indicated that the Co-Sp has potent antitumor activity and could directly inhibit tumor growth. Our findings provide a new and effective way for the application of hESCs in cancer therapy and contribute to a new strategy for clinical stem cell therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyue Yang
- Key Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology of Chongqing, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- College of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yang Lu
- Key Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology of Chongqing, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- College of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Qin Kuang
- Key Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology of Chongqing, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- College of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yong Wu
- Key Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology of Chongqing, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- College of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xin Tan
- Key Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology of Chongqing, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- College of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jizhong Lan
- Key Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology of Chongqing, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- College of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhe Qiang
- Key Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology of Chongqing, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Academy of Chinese Materia Medica, Institute of Pharmacology Toxicology, Chongqing, China
| | - Tao Feng
- Key Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology of Chongqing, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- College of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
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Kumar P, Tomar S, Kumar K, Kumar S. Transition metal complexes as self-activating chemical nucleases: proficient DNA cleavage without any exogenous redox agents. Dalton Trans 2023; 52:6961-6977. [PMID: 37128993 DOI: 10.1039/d3dt00368j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Chemical nucleases have found potential applications in the research fields of chemistry, biotechnology and medicine. A variety of metal complexes have been explored as good to outstanding therapeutic agents for DNA cleavage activity most likely via hydrolytic, oxidative or photoinduced cleavage pathways. However, most of these DNA cleaving agents lack their utility in in vivo applications due to their dependence on exogenous oxidants or reductants to achieve successful DNA damage. In view of addressing these issues, the development of metal complexes/organic molecules serving as self-activating chemical nucleases has received growing attention from researchers. In only the last decade, this field has dramatically expanded for the usage of chemical nucleases as therapeutic agents for DNA damage. The present study provides an overview of the opportunities and challenges in the design and development of self-activating chemical nucleases as improved DNA therapeutic candidates in the absence of an external redox agent. The reports on DNA nuclease activity via self-activation, especially with copper, zinc and iron complexes, and their mechanistic investigation have been discussed in this review article.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pramod Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, Mahamana Malviya College Khekra (Baghpat), C.C.S. University Meerut, India.
| | - Sunil Tomar
- Department of Zoology, Mahamana Malviya College Khekra (Baghpat), C.C.S. University Meerut, India
| | - Krishan Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, Motilal Nehru College, South Campus University of Delhi, New Delhi, India
| | - Sushil Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, School of Engineering, University of Petroleum and Energy Studies (UPES), Dehradun-248007, Uttarakhand, India.
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7
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Ćwilichowska N, Świderska KW, Dobrzyń A, Drąg M, Poręba M. Diagnostic and therapeutic potential of protease inhibition. Mol Aspects Med 2022; 88:101144. [PMID: 36174281 DOI: 10.1016/j.mam.2022.101144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2022] [Revised: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Proteases are enzymes that hydrolyze peptide bonds in proteins and peptides; thus, they control virtually all biological processes. Our understanding of protease function has advanced considerably from nonselective digestive enzymes to highly specialized molecular scissors that orchestrate complex signaling networks through a limited proteolysis. The catalytic activity of proteases is tightly regulated at several levels, ranging from gene expression through trafficking and maturation to posttranslational modifications. However, when this delicate balance is disturbed, many diseases develop, including cancer, inflammatory disorders, diabetes, and neurodegenerative diseases. This new understanding of the role of proteases in pathologic physiology indicates that these enzymes represent excellent molecular targets for the development of therapeutic inhibitors, as well as for the design of chemical probes to visualize their redundant activity. Recently, numerous platform technologies have been developed to identify and optimize protease substrates and inhibitors, which were further used as lead structures for the development of chemical probes and therapeutic drugs. Due to this considerable success, the clinical potential of proteases in therapeutics and diagnostics is rapidly growing and is still not completely explored. Therefore, small molecules that can selectively target aberrant protease activity are emerging in diseases cells. In this review, we describe modern trends in the design of protease drugs as well as small molecule activity-based probes to visualize selected proteases in clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Ćwilichowska
- Department of Chemical Biology and Bioimaging, Faculty of Chemistry, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, Wyb, Wyspianskiego 27, 50-370, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Karolina W Świderska
- Department of Chemical Biology and Bioimaging, Faculty of Chemistry, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, Wyb, Wyspianskiego 27, 50-370, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Dobrzyń
- Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Ludwika Pasteura 3, 02-093, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Marcin Drąg
- Department of Chemical Biology and Bioimaging, Faculty of Chemistry, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, Wyb, Wyspianskiego 27, 50-370, Wroclaw, Poland.
| | - Marcin Poręba
- Department of Chemical Biology and Bioimaging, Faculty of Chemistry, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, Wyb, Wyspianskiego 27, 50-370, Wroclaw, Poland.
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Wang C, Chang J, Yang S, Shi L, Zhang Y, Liu W, Meng J, Zeng J, Zhang R, Xing D. Advances in antitumor research of CA-4 analogs carrying quinoline scaffold. Front Chem 2022; 10:1040333. [PMID: 36385996 PMCID: PMC9650302 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2022.1040333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 08/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Combretastatin A-4 (CA-4) is a potent inhibitor of tubulin polymerization and a colchicine binding site inhibitor (CBSI). The structure-activity relationship study of CA-4 showed that the cis double bond configuration and the 3,4,5-trimethoxy group on the A ring were important factors to maintain the activity of CA-4. Therefore, starting from this condition, chemists modified the double bond and also substituted 3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl with various heterocycles, resulting in a new generation of CA-4 analogs such as chalcone, Flavonoid derivatives, indole, imidazole, etc. Quinoline derivatives have strong biological activity and have been sought after by major researchers for their antitumor activity in recent years. This article reviews the research progress of novel CA-4 containing quinoline analogs in anti-tumor from 1992 to 2022 and expounds on the pharmacological mechanisms of these effective compounds, including but not limited to apoptosis, cell cycle, tubulin polymerization inhibition, immune Fluorescence experiments, etc., which lay the foundation for the subsequent development of CA-4 containing quinoline analogs for clinical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Wang
- Cancer Institute, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
- Qingdao Cancer Institute, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Jing Chang
- Cancer Institute, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
- Qingdao Cancer Institute, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Shanbo Yang
- Cancer Institute, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
- Qingdao Cancer Institute, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Lingyu Shi
- Cancer Institute, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
- Qingdao Cancer Institute, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Yujing Zhang
- The Affiliated Cardiovascular Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Wenjing Liu
- Cancer Institute, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
- Qingdao Cancer Institute, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Jingsen Meng
- Cancer Institute, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
- Qingdao Cancer Institute, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Jun Zeng
- Cancer Institute, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
- Qingdao Cancer Institute, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Renshuai Zhang
- Cancer Institute, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
- Qingdao Cancer Institute, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Dongming Xing
- Cancer Institute, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
- School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
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Li Q, Zhang H, Liu X. Didymin Alleviates Cerebral Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury by Activating the PPAR Signaling Pathway. Yonsei Med J 2022; 63:956-965. [PMID: 36168249 PMCID: PMC9520049 DOI: 10.3349/ymj.2022.0040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Revised: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Cerebral ischemia-reperfusion (IR) injury is a severe secondary injury induced by reperfusion after stroke. Didymin has been reported to have a protective effect on intracerebral hemorrhage. However, the underlying mechanism of didymin on regulating cerebral IR injury remains largely unknown. MATERIALS AND METHODS A rat cerebral IR model and oxygen-glucose deprivation/reperfusion (OGD/R) model in PC12 cells were established. Hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) was used to detect the pathological changes in brain tissues, and TUNEL staining was performed to detect apoptosis of brain tissues. MTT and flow cytometry were used to measure the viability and apoptosis of PC12 cells. QRT-PCR and western blot were used to detect inflammation cytokines in PC12 cells. Western blot was used to measure the expression of PPAR-γ, RXRA, Bax, c-caspase-3, and Bcl-2. RESULTS Didymin pretreatment decreased apoptotic rates, reduced levels of Bax and c-caspase-3, and increased Bcl-2 level in vivo and in vitro. Additionally, didymin pretreatment increased viability and decreased the inflammation levels [interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, and monocyte chemotactic protein (MCP)-1] of OGD/R treated PC12 cells. Moreover, didymin activated the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPAR) signaling pathway and increased the expression of PPAR-γ and RXRA in OGD/R treated PC12 cells. Inhibition of PPAR-γ eliminated the protective effect of didymin on OGD/R treated cells. CONCLUSION Didymin protected neuron cells against IR injury in vitro and in vivo by activation of the PPAR pathway. Didymin may be a candidate drug for IR treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Li
- ICU Department, Jiyang People's Hospital of Jinan, Jinan, China.
| | - Hongting Zhang
- ICU Department, Jiyang People's Hospital of Jinan, Jinan, China
| | - Xiumei Liu
- ICU Department, Jiyang People's Hospital of Jinan, Jinan, China
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10
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Bai N, Liu C, Zhang X, Cheng Y, Hou D. NOD1 activation promotes cell apoptosis in papillary thyroid cancer. Pathol Res Pract 2022; 233:153880. [DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2022.153880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2021] [Revised: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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11
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The roles of cellular protease interactions in viral infections and programmed cell death: a lesson learned from the SARS-CoV-2 outbreak and COVID-19 pandemic. Pharmacol Rep 2022; 74:1149-1165. [PMID: 35997950 PMCID: PMC9395814 DOI: 10.1007/s43440-022-00394-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Revised: 07/03/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The unprecedented pandemic of SARS-CoV-2 (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2), which leads to COVID-19, is threatening global health. Over the last 2 years, we have witnessed rapid progress in research focusing on developing new antiviral vaccines and drugs, as well as in academic and clinical efforts to understand the biology and pathology of COVID-19. The roles of proteases among master regulators of SARS-CoV-2 invasion and replication and their pivotal roles in host defence against this pathogen, including programmed cell death, have not been well established. Our understanding of protease function in health and disease has increased considerably over the last two decades, with caspases, matrix metalloproteases, and transmembrane serine proteases representing the most prominent examples. Therefore, during the COVID-19 pandemic, these enzymes have been investigated as potential molecular targets for therapeutic interventions. Proteases that are responsible for SARS-CoV-2 cell entry and replication, such as TMPRSS2, ACE2 or cathepsins, are screened with inhibitor libraries to discover lead structures for further drug design that would prevent virus multiplication. On the other hand, proteases that orchestrate programmed cell death can also be harnessed to enhance the desired demise of infected cells through apoptosis or to attenuate highly inflammatory lytic cell death that leads to undesired cytokine storms, a major hallmark of severe COVID-19. Given the prominent role of proteases in SARS-CoV-2-induced cell death, we discuss the individual roles of these enzymes and their catalytic interactions in the pathology of COVID-19 in this article. We provide a rationale for targeting proteases participating in cell death as potential COVID-19 treatments and identify knowledge gaps that might be investigated to better understand the mechanism underlying SARS-CoV-2-induced cell death.
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12
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Juszczak AM, Czarnomysy R, Strawa JW, Zovko Končić M, Bielawski K, Tomczyk M. In Vitro Anticancer Potential of Jasione montana and Its Main Components against Human Amelanotic Melanoma Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:3345. [PMID: 33805898 PMCID: PMC8036727 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22073345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Revised: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Jasione montana L. (Campanulaceae) is used in traditional Belarusian herbal medicine for sleep disorders in children, but the chemical composition and biological activity have not been investigated. In this study, the activities of J. montana extracts, their fractions and main compounds were evaluated in amelanotic melanoma C32 (CRL-1585) cells and normal fibroblasts (PCS-201-012). The extracts and fractions were analyzed using liquid chromatography-photodiode array detection-electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry (LC-PDA-ESI-MS/TOF) to characterize 25 compounds. Further, three major and known constituents, luteolin (22) and its derivatives such as 7-O-glucoside (12) and 7-O-sambubioside (9) were isolated and identified. The cytotoxic activities against fibroblasts and the amelanotic melanoma cell line were determined using the fixable viability stain (FVS) assay. The influence of diethyl ether (Et2O) fraction (JM4) and 22 on apoptosis induction was investigated using an annexin V binding assay. The obtained results showed significant cytotoxicity of JM4 and 22 with IC50 values of 119.7 ± 3.2 and 95.1 ± 7.2 μg/mL, respectively. The proapoptotic potential after 22 treatment in the C32 human amelanotic melanoma cell line was comparable to that of vinblastine sulfate (VLB), detecting 29.2 ± 3.0% apoptotic cells. Moreover, 22 displayed less necrotic potential against melanoma cells than VLB. In addition, the influences of JM4 and 22 on the dysfunction of the mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), cell cycle and activity of caspases 3, 8, 9, and 10 were established. The effects of JM4 on MMP change (74.5 ± 3.0% of the cells showed a reduced MMP) corresponded to the results obtained from the annexin V binding assay and activation of caspase-9. JM4 and 22 displayed a significant impact on caspase-9 (40.9 ± 2.4% of the cells contained active caspase-9 after JM4 treatment and 16.6 ± 0.8% after incubation with 22) and the intrinsic (mitochondrial) apoptotic pathway. Moreover, studies have shown that JM4 and 22 affect the activation of external apoptosis pathways by inducing the caspase-8 and caspase-10 cascades. Thus, activation of caspase-3 and DNA damage via external and internal apoptotic pathways were observed after treatment with JM4 and 22. The obtained results suggest that J. montana extracts could be developed as new topical preparations with potential anticancer properties due to their promising cytotoxic and proapoptotic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Maria Juszczak
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy with the Division of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Białystok, ul. Mickiewicza 2a, 15-230 Białystok, Poland; (A.M.J.); (J.W.S.)
| | - Robert Czarnomysy
- Department of Synthesis and Technology of Drugs, Faculty of Pharmacy with the Division of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Białystok, ul. Kilińskiego 1, 15-089 Białystok, Poland; (R.C.); (K.B.)
| | - Jakub Władysław Strawa
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy with the Division of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Białystok, ul. Mickiewicza 2a, 15-230 Białystok, Poland; (A.M.J.); (J.W.S.)
| | - Marijana Zovko Končić
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Zagreb, Marulićev trg 20/II, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia;
| | - Krzysztof Bielawski
- Department of Synthesis and Technology of Drugs, Faculty of Pharmacy with the Division of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Białystok, ul. Kilińskiego 1, 15-089 Białystok, Poland; (R.C.); (K.B.)
| | - Michał Tomczyk
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy with the Division of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Białystok, ul. Mickiewicza 2a, 15-230 Białystok, Poland; (A.M.J.); (J.W.S.)
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Tang J, Wu Z, Wan L, Cai W, Chen S, Wang X, Luo J, Zhou Z, Zhao J, Lin S. Differential enrichment and physiological impacts of ingested microplastics in scleractinian corals in situ. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 404:124205. [PMID: 33086184 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.124205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2020] [Revised: 09/26/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Microplastics are emerging contaminants and widespread in the ocean, but their impacts on coral reef ecosystems are poorly understood, and in situ study is still lacking. In the present study, the distribution patterns of microplastics in the environment and inhabiting organisms were investigated along the east coast of Hainan Island, South China Sea, and the physiological impacts of the microplastics on scleractinian corals were analyzed. We documented average microplastic concentrations of 14.90 particlesL-1 in seawater, 343.04 particleskg-1 in sediment, 4.97 particlescm-2 in corals, and 0.67-3.12 particlescm-1 in Tridacnidae, Trochidae and fish intestines. Further analysis revealed that the characteristics of microplastics in the organisms were different from those in the environment, indicating preferential enrichment in the organisms. Furthermore, there was an obvious correlation between microplastic concentration and symbiotic density in corals. Furthermore, caspase3 activity was significantly positively correlated with the microplastic content in the small-polyp coral Pocillopora damicornis, but the large-polyp coral Galaxea fascicularis showed higher tolerance to microplastics. Taken together, our results suggest that microplastics are selectively enriched in corals and other reef-dwellers, in which they exact differential stress (apoptotic) effects, with the potential to impact the coral-Symbiodiniaceae symbiosis and alter the coral community structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Tang
- Key Laboratory of Coastal Zone Environmental Processes, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai, Shandong, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhongjie Wu
- Hainan Academy of Ocean and Fisheries Sciences, Haikou, Hainan, China
| | - Lu Wan
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea, Hainan Aquaculture Breeding Engineering Research Center, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan, China
| | - Wenqi Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea, Hainan Aquaculture Breeding Engineering Research Center, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan, China
| | - Shiquan Chen
- Hainan Academy of Ocean and Fisheries Sciences, Haikou, Hainan, China
| | - Xingjuan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea, Hainan Aquaculture Breeding Engineering Research Center, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan, China
| | - Jian Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea, Hainan Aquaculture Breeding Engineering Research Center, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan, China
| | - Zhi Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea, Hainan Aquaculture Breeding Engineering Research Center, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan, China.
| | - Jianmin Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Coastal Zone Environmental Processes, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai, Shandong, China
| | - Senjie Lin
- Department of Marine Sciences, University of Connecticut, Groton, CT, United States
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Elevated Concentrations of Soluble Fas and FasL in Multiple Sclerosis Patients with Antinuclear Antibodies. J Clin Med 2020; 9:jcm9123845. [PMID: 33256256 PMCID: PMC7761165 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9123845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Revised: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Antinuclear antibodies (ANA) are currently considered as an epiphenomenon of apoptotic processes, possibly in control of autoreactivity in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS). Apoptosis of reactive lymphocytes by the Fas/FasL system is described as an effective control mechanism for autoreactivity in MS. We aimed to provide a context to the potential link between ANA and peripheral lymphocyte apoptosis in MS. The presence of ANA was detected in sera by immunofluorescence assay, and concentrations of sFas and sFasL were determined in the sera of 44 and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of 11 relapsing-remitting (RR) MS patients using cytometric bead-based array, and their association with the disease characteristics was determined. ANA were detected in the sera of 43.2% of RRMS patients, and their frequency was the highest in patients with disease duration of less than one year (88,89%). In addition, the number of experienced relapses was lower in ANA-positive patients. Concentrations of sFasL were inversely associated with patients' expanded disability status scale (EDSS) scores. Low concentrations of both soluble factors strongly discriminated patients with moderate to severe disability, from patients with mild or absent disability only in a group of patients with prolonged disease duration (>10 years). Both soluble mediators were significantly higher in ANA-positive patients. FasL concentrations were inversely associated with the number of relapses. There is a potential link between the presence of ANA and peripheral lymphocyte apoptosis mediated by Fas/FasL system in MS, whose precise role and significance needs to be determined by future mechanistic studies.
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Ibrakaw AS, Omoruyi SI, Ekpo OE, Hussein AA. Neuroprotective Activities of Boophone haemanthoides (Amaryllidaceae) Extract and Its Chemical Constituents. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25225376. [PMID: 33212961 PMCID: PMC7698425 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25225376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2020] [Revised: 11/12/2020] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative condition that progresses as age increases, and some of its major symptoms include tremor and postural and movement-related difficulties. To date, the treatment of PD remains a challenge because available drugs only treat the symptoms of the disease or possess serious side effects. In light of this, new treatment options are needed; hence, this study investigates the neuroprotective effects of an organic Boophone haemanthoides extract (BHE) and its bioactive compounds using an in vitro model of PD involving the toxin 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP+) and SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells. A total of seven compounds were isolated from BHE, viz distichamine (1), 1α,3α-diacetylnerbowdine (2), hippadine (3), stigmast-4-ene-3,6-dione (4), cholest-4-en-3-one (5), tyrosol (6), and 3-hydroxy-1-(4′-hydroxyphenyl)-1-propanone (7). Six compounds (1, 2, 4, 5, 6 and 7) were investigated, and five showed neuroprotection alongside the BHE. This study gives insight into the bioactivity of the non-alkaloidal constituents of Amaryllidaceae, since the isolated compounds and the BHE showed improved cell viability, increased ATP generation in the cells as well as inhibition of MPP+-induced apoptosis. Together, these findings support the claim that the Amaryllidaceae plant family could be a potential reserve of bioactive compounds for the discovery of neuroprotective agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abobaker S. Ibrakaw
- Department of Biodiversity and Conservation Biology, University of the Western Cape, Cape Town, Robert Sobukwe Road, Bellville 7535, South Africa;
| | - Sylvester I. Omoruyi
- Department of Chemistry, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, Symphony Road, Bellville 7535, South Africa;
| | - Okobi E. Ekpo
- Department of Medical Biosciences, University of the Western Cape, Cape Town, Robert Sobukwe Road, Bellville 7535, South Africa;
| | - Ahmed A. Hussein
- Department of Chemistry, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, Symphony Road, Bellville 7535, South Africa;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +27-21-959-6193; Fax: +27-21-959-3055
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16
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Controlled Inhibition of Apoptosis by Photoactivatable Caspase Inhibitors. Cell Chem Biol 2020; 27:1434-1440.e10. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2020.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Revised: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 07/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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17
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Elrasoul ASA, Mousa AA, Orabi SH, Mohamed MAEG, Gad-Allah SM, Almeer R, Abdel-Daim MM, Khalifa SAM, El-Seedi HR, Eldaim MAA. Antioxidant, Anti-Inflammatory, and Anti-Apoptotic Effects of Azolla pinnata Ethanolic Extract against Lead-Induced Hepatotoxicity in Rats. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:antiox9101014. [PMID: 33086604 PMCID: PMC7603163 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9101014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Revised: 10/13/2020] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The current study investigated the protective potential of Azolla pinnate ethanolic extract (APE) against lead-induced hepatotoxicity in rats. Sixty male Wistar albino rats were randomly allocated into six groups (n = 10). The control group was orally administrated with saline. The second group received lead acetate (100 mg/kg body weight (BW) orally for 60 days). The third group was fed with APE (10 mg/kg BW orally for 60 days). The fourth group was administrated with lead acetate like the second group and APE like the third group, concomitantly, for 60 days. The fifth group was administrated with APE like the third group for 30 days, then orally administrated with the lead acetate like the second group for another 30 days. The sixth group was administrated with lead acetate like the second group for 30 days, then with APE like the third group for a further 30 days. Phytochemical analysis of APE indicated the presence of peonidin 3-O-glucoside cation, vitexin, rutin, thiamine, choline, tamarixetin, hyperoside, astragalin, and quercetin. The latter has been elucidated using one- and two-dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance (1D and 2D NMR) and liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (LC–MS-MS). Lead acetate increased the serum levels of alanine and aspartate aminotransferases and that of urea, creatinine, tumor necrosis factor alpha, and interleukin 1β, hepatic tissue malondialdehyde contents, and caspase 3 protein expression, as well as altering the hepatic tissue architecture. However, it decreased the serum levels of interleukin 10 and glutathione (GSH) contents, and the activities of catalase and superoxide dismutase in hepatic tissue. In contrast, the administration of APE ameliorated the lead-induced alterations in liver function and structure, exemplifying the benefits of Azolla’s phytochemical contents. Collectively, A. pinnate extract is a protective and curative agent against lead-induced hepatotoxicity via its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-apoptotic impacts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Shaaban Abd Elrasoul
- Department of Biochemistry and Chemistry of Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sadat City, Sadat City, Menoufia 32897, Egypt; (A.S.A.E.); (A.A.M.); (S.H.O.)
| | - Ahmed Abdelmoniem Mousa
- Department of Biochemistry and Chemistry of Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sadat City, Sadat City, Menoufia 32897, Egypt; (A.S.A.E.); (A.A.M.); (S.H.O.)
| | - Sahar Hassan Orabi
- Department of Biochemistry and Chemistry of Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sadat City, Sadat City, Menoufia 32897, Egypt; (A.S.A.E.); (A.A.M.); (S.H.O.)
| | | | - Shaban M. Gad-Allah
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sadat City, Sadat City 32958, Egypt;
| | - Rafa Almeer
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (R.A.); (M.M.A.-D.)
| | - Mohamed M. Abdel-Daim
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (R.A.); (M.M.A.-D.)
- Pharmacology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt
| | - Shaden A. M. Khalifa
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden;
| | - Hesham R. El-Seedi
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden;
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Menoufia University, Shebin El-Kom 32512, Egypt
- International Research Center for Food Nutrition and Safety, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
- Correspondence: (H.R.E.-S.); (M.A.A.E.); Tel.: +46-700-43-43-43 (H.R.E.-S.)
| | - Mabrouk Attia Abd Eldaim
- Department of Biochemistry and Chemistry of Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Menoufia University, Shebin El-Kom, Menoufia 32512, Egypt
- Correspondence: (H.R.E.-S.); (M.A.A.E.); Tel.: +46-700-43-43-43 (H.R.E.-S.)
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18
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Vigneswara V, Ahmed Z. The Role of Caspase-2 in Regulating Cell Fate. Cells 2020; 9:cells9051259. [PMID: 32438737 PMCID: PMC7290664 DOI: 10.3390/cells9051259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Revised: 05/11/2020] [Accepted: 05/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Caspase-2 is the most evolutionarily conserved member of the mammalian caspase family and has been implicated in both apoptotic and non-apoptotic signaling pathways, including tumor suppression, cell cycle regulation, and DNA repair. A myriad of signaling molecules is associated with the tight regulation of caspase-2 to mediate multiple cellular processes far beyond apoptotic cell death. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the literature pertaining to possible sophisticated molecular mechanisms underlying the multifaceted process of caspase-2 activation and to highlight its interplay between factors that promote or suppress apoptosis in a complicated regulatory network that determines the fate of a cell from its birth and throughout its life.
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Role of microRNAs in epidermal growth factor receptor signaling pathway in cervical cancer. Mol Biol Rep 2020; 47:4553-4568. [PMID: 32383136 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-020-05494-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2019] [Accepted: 05/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Cervical cancer is one of the most common disorders in females all around the world. Similar to other types of cancer, several signaling pathways are demonstrated to be involved in the progression of this cancer including ERK/MAPK, PI3K/AKT, apoptotic signaling pathways, Wnt, and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR). Various microRNAs (miRNAs) and their target genes involved in cervical cancer have been extracted from the kinds of literature of Scopus, Pubmed and Google scholar databases. Regarding the targets, some of them were found to belong in EGFR signaling pathways. The regulation patterns of these miRNA are different in cervical cancer; however, their main aim is to trigger EGFR signaling to proceed with cancer. Moreover, several predicted miRNAs were found to have some interactions with the differentially expressed genes of cervical cancer which are the members of the EGFR signaling pathway by using miRWalk 3.0 (https://mirwalk.umm.uni-heidelberg.de/) and TargetScan 7.1 (https://www.targetscan.org/vert_71/). Also, the microarray data were obtained from the NCBI-Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) datasets of cervical cancer. In the present review, we highlight the miRNAs involved in cervical cancer and the role of their targets in the EGFR signaling pathway. Furthermore, some predicted miRNAs were the candidate to target EGFR signaling pathway members differentially expressed in cervical cancer samples compared to normal samples.
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20
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Smyth P, Sessler T, Scott CJ, Longley DB. FLIP(L): the pseudo-caspase. FEBS J 2020; 287:4246-4260. [PMID: 32096279 PMCID: PMC7586951 DOI: 10.1111/febs.15260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2019] [Revised: 02/10/2020] [Accepted: 02/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Possessing structural homology with their active enzyme counterparts but lacking catalytic activity, pseudoenzymes have been identified for all major enzyme groups. Caspases are a family of cysteine‐dependent aspartate‐directed proteases that play essential roles in regulating cell death and inflammation. Here, we discuss the only human pseudo‐caspase, FLIP(L), a paralog of the apoptosis‐initiating caspases, caspase‐8 and caspase‐10. FLIP(L) has been shown to play a key role in regulating the processing and activity of caspase‐8, thereby modulating apoptotic signaling mediated by death receptors (such as TRAIL‐R1/R2), TNF receptor‐1 (TNFR1), and Toll‐like receptors. In this review, these canonical roles of FLIP(L) are discussed. Additionally, a range of nonclassical pseudoenzyme roles are described, in which FLIP(L) functions independently of caspase‐8. These nonclassical pseudoenzyme functions enable FLIP(L) to play key roles in the regulation of a wide range of biological processes beyond its canonical roles as a modulator of cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Smyth
- The Patrick G Johnston Centre for Cancer Research, Queen's University, Belfast, UK
| | - Tamas Sessler
- The Patrick G Johnston Centre for Cancer Research, Queen's University, Belfast, UK
| | - Christopher J Scott
- The Patrick G Johnston Centre for Cancer Research, Queen's University, Belfast, UK
| | - Daniel B Longley
- The Patrick G Johnston Centre for Cancer Research, Queen's University, Belfast, UK
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21
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Cullinane D, Gkika KS, Byrne A, Keyes TE. Photostable NIR emitting ruthenium(II) conjugates; uptake and biological activity in live cells. J Inorg Biochem 2020; 207:111032. [PMID: 32311630 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2020.111032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2019] [Revised: 02/11/2020] [Accepted: 02/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
A photostable Ru(2,2-biquinoline)2(3-(2-pyridyl)-5-(4-carboxyphenyl)-1,2,4-triazolate) (Ru(biq)2(trzbenzCOOH)) complex that exhibits near-infrared (NIR) emission centred at 786 nm is reported. The parent complex was conjugated via amide coupling to a cell-penetrating peptide sequence octa-arginine (R8), and two signal peptide sequences; the nuclear localizing sequence (NLS) VQRKRQKLMP and the mitochondria penetrating peptide (MPP) FrFKFrFK(Ac) (r = D isomer of arginine, Ac = terminal lysine amine acetyl blocked). Notably, none of the peptide conjugates were cell-permeable as chloride salts but efficient and rapid membrane permeation was observed post ion exchange with perchlorate counterion. Also, surprisingly, all three peptide conjugates exhibited potent dark cytotoxicity in both CHO and HeLa cell lines. The peptide conjugates induce cell death through a caspase dependent apoptotic pathway. At the minimum concentration of dye (approx. 15 μM) required for cell imaging, only 20% of the cells were viable after a 24 h incubation period. To overcome cytotoxicity, the parent complex was PEGylated; this dramatically decreased cytotoxicity, where 50% of cells were viable even at 150 μM concentration after 24 h. Confocal luminescence microscopy indicated that all four bioconjugates, peptides in perchlorate form and polyethylene glycol (PEG) in chloride form, were rapidly internalized within the cell. However, interestingly the precise localisation by the signal peptides observed in related complexes was not observed here and the peptide conjugates were unsuitable as luminescent probes for cell microscopy due to their high cell toxicity. The poor targeting of signal peptides in this instance is attributed to the high lipophilicity of the metal centre.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Cullinane
- School of Chemical Sciences, National Centre for Sensor Research, Dublin City University, Dublin 9, Ireland
| | - Karmel Sofia Gkika
- School of Chemical Sciences, National Centre for Sensor Research, Dublin City University, Dublin 9, Ireland
| | - Aisling Byrne
- School of Chemical Sciences, National Centre for Sensor Research, Dublin City University, Dublin 9, Ireland
| | - Tia E Keyes
- School of Chemical Sciences, National Centre for Sensor Research, Dublin City University, Dublin 9, Ireland.
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22
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Glaser M, Rajkumar V, Diocou S, Gendron T, Yan R, Sin PKB, Sander K, Carroll L, Pedley RB, Aboagye EO, Witney TH, Årstad E. One-Pot Radiosynthesis and Biological Evaluation of a Caspase-3 Selective 5-[ 123,125I]iodo-1,2,3-triazole derived Isatin SPECT Tracer. Sci Rep 2019; 9:19299. [PMID: 31848442 PMCID: PMC6917698 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-55992-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2019] [Accepted: 11/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Induction of apoptosis is often necessary for successful cancer therapy, and the non-invasive monitoring of apoptosis post-therapy could assist in clinical decision making. Isatins are a class of compounds that target activated caspase-3 during apoptosis. Here we report the synthesis of the 5-iodo-1,2,3-triazole (FITI) analog of the PET tracer [18F]ICMT11 as a candidate tracer for imaging of apoptosis with SPECT, as well as PET. Labelling with radioiodine (123,125I) was achieved in 55 ± 12% radiochemical yield through a chelator-accelerated one-pot cycloaddition reaction mediated by copper(I) catalysis. The caspase-3 binding affinity and selectivity of FITI compares favourably to that of [18F]ICMT11 (Ki = 6.1 ± 0.9 nM and 12.4 ± 4.7 nM, respectively). In biodistribution studies, etoposide-induced cell death in a SW1222 xenograft model resulted in a 2-fold increase in tumour uptake of the tracer. However, the tumour uptake was too low to allow in vivo imaging of apoptosis with SPECT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Glaser
- Centre for Radiopharmaceutical Chemistry, University College London, 5 Gower Place, London, WC1E 6BS, United Kingdom
- Department of Chemistry, University College London, 20 Gordon Street, London, WC1H 0AJ, United Kingdom
| | | | - Seckou Diocou
- UCL, Cancer Institute, 72 Huntley Street, London, WC1E 6DD, UK
| | - Thibault Gendron
- Centre for Radiopharmaceutical Chemistry, University College London, 5 Gower Place, London, WC1E 6BS, United Kingdom
- Department of Chemistry, University College London, 20 Gordon Street, London, WC1H 0AJ, United Kingdom
| | - Ran Yan
- King's College London, School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, St. Thomas' Hospital, SE1 7EH, London, United Kingdom
| | - Pak Kwan Brian Sin
- Centre for Radiopharmaceutical Chemistry, University College London, 5 Gower Place, London, WC1E 6BS, United Kingdom
| | - Kerstin Sander
- Centre for Radiopharmaceutical Chemistry, University College London, 5 Gower Place, London, WC1E 6BS, United Kingdom
- Department of Chemistry, University College London, 20 Gordon Street, London, WC1H 0AJ, United Kingdom
| | - Laurence Carroll
- Imperial College London, Science, Technology & Medicine, Department of Medicine, Hammersmith Hospital, DuCane Road, London, W12 0NN, United Kingdom
| | | | - Eric O Aboagye
- Imperial College London, Science, Technology & Medicine, Department of Medicine, Hammersmith Hospital, DuCane Road, London, W12 0NN, United Kingdom
| | - Timothy H Witney
- King's College London, School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, St. Thomas' Hospital, SE1 7EH, London, United Kingdom
- Centre for Advanced Biomedical Imaging, Division of Medicine, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Erik Årstad
- Centre for Radiopharmaceutical Chemistry, University College London, 5 Gower Place, London, WC1E 6BS, United Kingdom.
- Department of Chemistry, University College London, 20 Gordon Street, London, WC1H 0AJ, United Kingdom.
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Nagireddy PR, Kommalapati VK, Siva Krishna V, Sriram D, Tangutur AD, Kantevari S. Imidazo[2,1- b]thiazole-Coupled Natural Noscapine Derivatives as Anticancer Agents. ACS OMEGA 2019; 4:19382-19398. [PMID: 31763563 PMCID: PMC6868913 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.9b02789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2019] [Accepted: 10/23/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Noscapine, a phthalide isoquinoline alkaloid isolated from the opium poppy Papaver somniferum, is traditionally being used as an anticough drug. With a safe in vitro toxicological profile, noscapine and its analogues have been explored to show microtubule-regulating properties and anticancer activity against various mammalian cancer cell lines. Since then, our group and other research groups worldwide are working on developing new noscapinoids to tap its potential as the leading drug molecule. With our continuing efforts, we herein present synthesis and anticancer evaluation of a series of imidazothiazole-coupled noscapinoids 7a-o and 11a-o. Natural α-noscapine was N-demethylated to nornoscapine 4 and then reacted with 4-(chloromethyl) thiazole-2-amine. The resultant noscapinoid 5 was coupled with various bromomethyl ketones 10a-o to give N-imidazothiazolyl noscapinoids 7a-o in very good yields. Similarly, natural α-noscapine 1 was O-demethylated using sodium azide/sodium iodide, reacted with 4-(chloromethyl)thiazole-2-amine, and coupled with bromomethyl ketones 10a-o to result in O-imidazothiazolyl noscapinoids 11a-o. All the new analogues 7a-o and 11a-o were fully characterized by their NMR and mass spectral analysis. In vitro cytotoxicity assay was performed for compounds 5, 7a-o, 9, and 11a-o against four different cancer cell lines: HeLa (cervical), MIA PaCa-2 (pancreatic), SK-N-SH (neuroblastoma), and DU145 (prostate cancer). Among these conjugates, 5, 7a, 9, 11b, 11c, 11e, and 11o showed potent cytotoxicity with low IC50 values. Further, flow cytometry analysis revealed that MIA PaCa-2 cells treated with these compounds induced cell cycle G2/M-phase arrest. In addition, Western blot analysis revealed that the cells treated with these conjugates accumulate tubulin in the soluble fraction and also elevate cyclin-B1 protein expression levels. Moreover, the conjugates also increased the expression of caspase-3 and PARP levels which is indicative of apoptotic cell death. In silico molecular docking studies showed several noncovalent interactions like van der Waals and hydrogen-bonding with tubulin protein and with good binding energy. The results indicated that these noscapine analogues may serve as novel compounds that can possibly inhibit tubulin protein and can be considered for further optimization as a clinical candidate for treating pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Praveen
Kumar Reddy Nagireddy
- Fluoro
and Agrochemicals Division and Applied Biology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad 500007, Telangana, India
| | - Vamsi Krishna Kommalapati
- Fluoro
and Agrochemicals Division and Applied Biology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad 500007, Telangana, India
| | - Vagolu Siva Krishna
- Medicinal
Chemistry and Antimycobacterial Research Laboratory, Pharmacy Group, Birla Institute of Technology & Science Pilani, Hyderabad Campus, Hyderabad 500078, Telangana, India
| | - Dharmarajan Sriram
- Medicinal
Chemistry and Antimycobacterial Research Laboratory, Pharmacy Group, Birla Institute of Technology & Science Pilani, Hyderabad Campus, Hyderabad 500078, Telangana, India
| | - Anjana Devi Tangutur
- Fluoro
and Agrochemicals Division and Applied Biology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad 500007, Telangana, India
- Academy
of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Chennai 600113, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Srinivas Kantevari
- Fluoro
and Agrochemicals Division and Applied Biology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad 500007, Telangana, India
- Academy
of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Chennai 600113, Tamil Nadu, India
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24
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Pristimerin inhibits glioma progression by targeting AGO2 and PTPN1 expression via miR-542-5p. Biosci Rep 2019; 39:BSR20182389. [PMID: 31015365 PMCID: PMC6522714 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20182389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2019] [Revised: 03/28/2019] [Accepted: 04/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiform is the most common and malignant primary tumor of the central nervous system in adults, the high recurrence rate and poor prognosis are critical priorities. Pristimerin is a naturally occurring quinone methide triterpenoid isolated from the Celastraceae and Hippocrateaceae families. Its anticancer effects have garnered considerable attention; nonetheless, the mechanisms of action remain unknown. To predict the hub genes of pristimerin, PharmMapper and the Coremine database were used to identify 13 potential protein targets; protein-protein interaction, for which functional enrichment analyses were performed. Compound-target, target-pathway, and compound-target-pathway networks were constructed using Cytoscape. Biological process analysis first revealed that enrichment of these target genes correlated with negative regulation of symbiont growth in the host, and regulation of chronic inflammatory response to antigenic stimulus. Survival analysis in cBioPortal showed that protein tyrosine phosphatase, non-receptor type 1 (PTPN1) and Argonaute 2 (AGO2) might be involved in the carcinogenesis, invasion, or recurrence of diffuse glioma. In addition, we observed that low-dose pristimerin inhibited the viability of glioma cells, while miR-542-5p in vitro; and reduced PTPN1 expression. Notably, high-dose pristimerin induced apoptosis. Furthermore, miR-542-5p silence with siRNA in glioma cells lead to the elevation in AGO2, and decreased PTPN1 level. The effect was obviously post pristimerin treatment and miR-542-5p suppression. In conclusion, pristimerin inhibited glioma progression through AGO2 and PTPN1 expression via a canonical miRNA-mediated mechanism.
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25
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Sertie RA, Curi R, Oliveira AC, Andreotti S, Caminhotto RO, de Lima TM, Proença AR, Reis GB, Lima FB. The mechanisms involved in the increased adiposity induced by interruption of regular physical exercise practice. Life Sci 2019; 222:103-111. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2019.02.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2018] [Revised: 01/23/2019] [Accepted: 02/24/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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26
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Wu R, Min Q, Guo J, Zheng T, Jiang L, Zhu JJ. Sequential Delivery and Cascade Targeting of Peptide Therapeutics for Triplexed Synergistic Therapy with Real-Time Monitoring Shuttled by Magnetic Gold Nanostars. Anal Chem 2019; 91:4608-4617. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.8b05877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rong Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Qianhao Min
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Jingjing Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Tingting Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
- Department of Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Dongchuan Road 500, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Liping Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Jun-Jie Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
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27
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Park HH. Caspase recruitment domains for protein interactions in cellular signaling (Review). Int J Mol Med 2019; 43:1119-1127. [PMID: 30664151 PMCID: PMC6365033 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2019.4060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2018] [Accepted: 01/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The caspase recruitment domain (CARD), a well-known protein interaction module, belongs to the death domain (DD) superfamily, which includes DDs, death effector domains, and pyrin domains. The DD superfamily mediates the protein interactions necessary for apoptosis and immune cell signaling pathways. Among these domains, the CARD has been studied extensively as it mediates important cellular signaling events that are associated with various human diseases including cancer, neuro-degenerative diseases and immune disorders. Homo-type and hetero-type CARD-CARD interactions mediate the formation of large signaling complexes, including caspase-activating complexes and downstream signaling complexes. The present review summarizes and discusses the results of structural studies of various CARDs and their complexes. These studies shed light on the mechanisms that control the assembly and disassembly of signaling complexes and provide an improved understanding of cellular signaling processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Ho Park
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Chung‑Ang University, Seoul 06974, Republic of Korea
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28
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Zhang B, Huang X, Wang H, Gou S. Promoting antitumor efficacy by suppressing hypoxia via nano self-assembly of two irinotecan-based dual drug conjugates having a HIF-1α inhibitor. J Mater Chem B 2019; 7:5352-5362. [DOI: 10.1039/c9tb00541b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Conjugated a hydrophobic HIF-1α inhibitor (YC-1) with a hydrophilic anticancer drug, irinotecan (Ir), into one molecular entity, provided a new insight into the design of smart nanodrug delivery systems to hypoxic tumor tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Zhang
- Pharmaceutical Research Center and School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Southeast University
- Nanjing 211189
- China
- Jiangsu Province Hi-Tech Key Laboratory for Biomedical Research
| | - Xiaochao Huang
- Pharmaceutical Research Center and School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Southeast University
- Nanjing 211189
- China
- Jiangsu Province Hi-Tech Key Laboratory for Biomedical Research
| | - Hengshan Wang
- State Key Laboratory for the Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources
- School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Guangxi Normal University
- Guilin 541004
- China
| | - Shaohua Gou
- Pharmaceutical Research Center and School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Southeast University
- Nanjing 211189
- China
- Jiangsu Province Hi-Tech Key Laboratory for Biomedical Research
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29
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Geden MJ, Romero SE, Deshmukh M. Apoptosis versus axon pruning: Molecular intersection of two distinct pathways for axon degeneration. Neurosci Res 2018; 139:3-8. [PMID: 30452947 DOI: 10.1016/j.neures.2018.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2018] [Revised: 11/02/2018] [Accepted: 11/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Neurons are capable of degenerating their axons for the physiological clearance and refinement of unnecessary connections via the programmed degenerative pathways of apoptosis and axon pruning. While both pathways mediate axon degeneration they are however distinct. Whereas in apoptosis the entire neuron, both axons and cell body, degenerates, in the context of axon pruning only the targeted axon segments are selectively degenerated. Interestingly, the molecular pathways mediating axon degeneration in these two contexts have significant mechanistic overlap but also retain distinct differences. In this review, we describe the peripheral neuronal cell culture models used to study the molecular pathways of apoptosis and pruning. We outline what is known about the molecular mechanisms of apoptosis and axon pruning and focus on highlighting the similarities and differences of these two pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew J Geden
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA; Neuroscience Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Selena E Romero
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA; Neuroscience Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Mohanish Deshmukh
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA; Neuroscience Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA.
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30
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Ha HJ, Park HH. RAIDD mutations underlie the pathogenesis of thin lissencephaly (TLIS). PLoS One 2018; 13:e0205042. [PMID: 30281648 PMCID: PMC6169973 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0205042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2018] [Accepted: 09/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Abnormal regulation of caspase-2-mediated neuronal cell death causes neurodegenerative diseases and defective brain development. PIDDosome is caspase-2 activating complex composed of PIDD, RAIDD, and caspase-2. Recent whole-exome sequencing study showed that the RAIDD mutations in the death domain (DD), including G128R, F164C, R170C, and R170H mutations, cause thin lissencephaly (TLIS) by reducing caspase-2-mediated neuronal apoptosis. Given that the molecular structure of the RAIDD DD:PIDD DD complex is available, in this study, we analyzed the molecular mechanisms underlying TLIS caused by the RAIDD TLIS variants by performing mutagenesis and biochemical assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Ji Ha
- College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hyun Ho Park
- College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, South Korea
- * E-mail:
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31
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Molecular basis of dimerization of initiator caspase was revealed by crystal structure of caspase-8 pro-domain. Cell Death Differ 2018; 26:1213-1220. [PMID: 30206319 DOI: 10.1038/s41418-018-0200-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2018] [Accepted: 08/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
The assembly of death-inducing signaling complex (DISC) for activation of initiator caspase is a key step for the receptor-mediated apoptosis signaling. Many death effector domain (DED)-containing proteins are involved in DISC assembly and controlling. One of the main DISC component, caspase-8, contains DED and DED-mediated dimerization and oligomerization in the DISC is critical for the activation of this initiator caspase. There have been intensive studies to understand DED-mediated dimerization and oligomerization for the DISC assembly but no clear answer has been provided and there are many controversial arguments. Here, we suggested novel dimerization process of tandem DED of caspase-8 with crystallographic study.
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32
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Javed F, Manzoor S. HCV non-structural NS4A protein of genotype 3a induces mitochondria mediated death by activating Bax and the caspase cascade. Microb Pathog 2018; 124:346-355. [PMID: 30179714 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2018.08.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2018] [Revised: 08/31/2018] [Accepted: 08/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Currently almost 170 million of the world population is suffering with Hepatitis C virus (HCV) that is the major cause of liver diseases, which leads to liver fibrosis, cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Approximately 6% of the Pakistani population is chronically infected with HCV, with genotype 3a being the most prominent strain in Pakistan. Complex of HCV non-structural proteins NS3-4A plays an important role in the viral replication machinery that together has serine protease and helicase activity. Genetic heterogeneity within HCV genotypes makes it pertinent to assess the apoptotic pathway within different HCV genotypes. Findings of present study reveal that HCV genotype 3a NS4A and NS3-NS4A induce cell death in Huh-7 cells. Moreover, our results demonstrated that NS3-4A and NS4A proteins were not only localized on ER but also on the mitochondria. Bax a pro-apoptotic protein was found translocated to the mitochondria in the transfected cells, while up-regulated expression of Bax and down-regulated expression of anti-apoptotic Bcl-xL protein was also observed in the presence of NS4A and NS3-4A proteins. High level of mitochondrial superoxide generation was observed in the transfected cells and NS3-4A and NS4A triggered a cascade of activation starting from caspase-9, then caspase-7 and caspase-3 that ultimately led to the cleavage of poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase PARP. Collectively findings of the present study suggest that NS4A and co-expression of NS3-4A and NS4A of genotype 3a has similar capacity to induce apoptosis through a Bax-triggered, mitochondrial-mediated, caspase cascade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farakh Javed
- Atta-ur-Rehman School of Applied Bio-Sciences, Department of Healthcare Biotechnology, National University of Science and Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan; Department of Microbiology, University of Haripur, Haripur, Pakistan.
| | - Sobia Manzoor
- Atta-ur-Rehman School of Applied Bio-Sciences, Department of Healthcare Biotechnology, National University of Science and Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan.
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33
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Poreba M, Groborz K, Navarro M, Snipas SJ, Drag M, Salvesen GS. Caspase selective reagents for diagnosing apoptotic mechanisms. Cell Death Differ 2018; 26:229-244. [PMID: 29748600 DOI: 10.1038/s41418-018-0110-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2017] [Revised: 01/30/2018] [Accepted: 03/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Apical caspases initiate and effector caspases execute apoptosis. Reagents that can distinguish between caspases, particularly apical caspases-8, 9, and 10 are scarce and generally nonspecific. Based upon a previously described large-scale screen of peptide-based caspase substrates termed HyCoSuL, we sought to develop reagents to distinguish between apical caspases in order to reveal their function in apoptotic cell death paradigms. To this end, we selected tetrapeptide-based sequences that deliver optimal substrate selectivity and converted them to inhibitors equipped with a detectable tag (activity-based probes-ABPs). We demonstrate a strong relationship between substrate kinetics and ABP kinetics. To evaluate the utility of selective substrates and ABPs, we examined distinct apoptosis pathways in Jurkat T lymphocyte and MDA-MB-231 breast cancer lines triggered to undergo cell death via extrinsic or intrinsic apoptosis. We report the first highly selective substrate appropriate for quantitation of caspase-8 activity during apoptosis. Converting substrates to ABPs promoted loss-of-activity and selectivity, thus we could not define a single ABP capable of detecting individual apical caspases in complex mixtures. To overcome this, we developed a panel strategy utilizing several caspase-selective ABPs to interrogate apoptosis, revealing the first chemistry-based approach to uncover the participation of caspase-8, but not caspase-9 or -10 in TRAIL-induced extrinsic apoptosis. We propose that using select panels of ABPs can provide information regarding caspase-8 apoptotic signaling more faithfully than can single, generally nonspecific reagents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcin Poreba
- NCI Designated Cancer Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, 10901 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA. .,Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, Wyb. Wyspianskiego 27, 50-370, Wroclaw, Poland.
| | - Katarzyna Groborz
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, Wyb. Wyspianskiego 27, 50-370, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Mario Navarro
- NCI Designated Cancer Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, 10901 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Scott J Snipas
- NCI Designated Cancer Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, 10901 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Marcin Drag
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, Wyb. Wyspianskiego 27, 50-370, Wroclaw, Poland.
| | - Guy S Salvesen
- NCI Designated Cancer Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, 10901 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA.
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34
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Aydogan A, Ozmen O, Haligur M, Sipahi C, Ileri D, Haligur A. Immunohistochemical evaluation of bcl-2, ER-alpha, caspase -3, -8, -9, PCNA and Ki-67 expressions in canine mammary carcinomas. Biotech Histochem 2018; 93:286-292. [PMID: 29565181 DOI: 10.1080/10520295.2018.1434680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022] Open
Abstract
We investigated the expression of bcl-2, estrogen receptor alpha (ER-alpha), caspase-3, -8, -9, proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) and Ki-67 in canine mammary carcinomas. We used 65 paraffin embedded and re-diagnosed archival canine mammary tumor samples to which we applied the routine streptavidin-biotin-peroxidase technique. Seventeen cases were re-diagnosed as tubulopapillary carcinoma, 31 were re-diagnosed as complex carcinoma and 17 were re-diagnosed as carcinosarcoma. Differences of expression of bcl-2 and PCNA were statistically significant according to tumor type. Differences in expression of ER-alpha, caspase-3, -8, -9 and Ki-67 were not statistically significant. Differences of expression of bcl-2 and PCNA were statistically significant compared to ER-alpha, caspase-3, -8, -9 and Ki-67 in carcinosarcomas. We report the prognostic significance of bcl-2 and PCNA expression in canine mammary carcinosarcomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Aydogan
- a University of Cukurova , Faculty of Ceyhan Veterinary Medicine, Department of Pathology , Adana
| | - O Ozmen
- b University of Mehmet Akif Ersoy , Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Pathology , Burdur
| | - M Haligur
- a University of Cukurova , Faculty of Ceyhan Veterinary Medicine, Department of Pathology , Adana
| | - C Sipahi
- c University of Mehmet Akif Ersoy , Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Animal Health Economics and Management , Burdur
| | - D Ileri
- b University of Mehmet Akif Ersoy , Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Pathology , Burdur
| | - A Haligur
- d University of Cukurova , Faculty of Ceyhan Veterinary Medicine, Department of Anatomy , Adana , Turkey
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35
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Key apoptotic genes APAF1 and CASP9 implicated in recurrent folate-resistant neural tube defects. Eur J Hum Genet 2018; 26:420-427. [PMID: 29358613 PMCID: PMC5838979 DOI: 10.1038/s41431-017-0025-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2017] [Revised: 09/29/2017] [Accepted: 10/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Neural tube defects (NTDs) remain one of the most serious birth defects, and although genes in several pathways have been implicated as risk factors for neural tube defects via knockout mouse models, very few molecular causes in humans have been identified. Whole exome sequencing identified deleterious variants in key apoptotic genes in two families with recurrent neural tube defects. Functional studies in fibroblasts indicate that these variants are loss-of-function, as apoptosis is significantly reduced. This is the first report of variants in apoptotic genes contributing to neural tube defect risk in humans.
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36
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Deng H, Ma J, Jing Z, Deng Z, Liang Y, A L, Liu Y, Qiu X, Wang Y. Expression of immunoglobulin A in human mesangial cells and its effects on cell apoptosis and adhesion. Mol Med Rep 2018; 17:5272-5282. [PMID: 29393471 PMCID: PMC5865995 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2018.8544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2017] [Accepted: 01/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
IgA nephropathy (IgAN) is characterized by predominant IgA deposition in the glomerular mesangium. It has been considered that the deposited IgA is synthesized by B cells, although recent reports have suggested the implication of other cell types. Therefore, the present study investigated whether glomerular mesangial cells could produce IgA by themselves. Semi‑quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction, and immunostaining analysis revealed that the IgA protein and gene transcripts were expressed in primary human renal mesangial cells (HRMCs). Furthermore, the IgA heavy chain (α1 and α2) and the light chain (κ and λ) were localized in the cytoplasm or were located on the cell membranes of human mesangial cells (HMCs). Mass spectrometry results indicated that Ig α1 and Ig α2 were secreted in the culture media of HMCs. The transcripts of Ig α, Ig κ and Ig λ constant regions were detected. The predominant rearrangement pattern of the variable region of Ig κ, was Vκ3‑20*01/Jκ1*01 in HMCs and Vκ1‑12*01/Jκ4*01 in HRMCs. In addition, knockdown of Ig α1 expression by small interfering RNA (siRNA) inhibited cell adhesion and promoted apoptosis. Our findings demonstrate that HMCs can express IgA, and that this expression is associated with cell functions, which may contribute to the deposition of IgA in patients with IgAN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Deng
- Department of Nephrology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, P.R. China
| | - Junfan Ma
- Department of Immunology, Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Ministry of Health, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, P.R. China
| | - Ziyang Jing
- Department of Nephrology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, P.R. China
| | - Zhenling Deng
- Department of Nephrology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, P.R. China
| | - Yaoxian Liang
- Department of Nephrology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, P.R. China
| | - Lata A
- Department of Nephrology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, P.R. China
| | - Yang Liu
- Department of Immunology, Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Ministry of Health, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoyan Qiu
- Department of Immunology, Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Ministry of Health, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, P.R. China
| | - Yue Wang
- Department of Nephrology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, P.R. China
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37
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Liu L, Zhang H, Song D, Wang Z. An upconversion nanoparticle-based fluorescence resonance energy transfer system for effectively sensing caspase-3 activity. Analyst 2018; 143:761-767. [PMID: 29327008 DOI: 10.1039/c7an01744h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We report a new fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) sensing platform for the sensitive detection of caspase-3 activity in vitro and in cells using NaGdF4:Yb3+,Er3+@NaGdF4 upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs) as the energy donor and Rhodamine B (RB) as the energy acceptor. The phosphorylated RB-modified peptide containing a caspase-3 cleavage site and cell-penetrating peptide (CPP) motif (sequence, (RB)-DEVDGGS(p)GCGT(p)GRKKRRQRRRPQ) is immobilized on the UCNP surface via the strong coordination interaction between Gd3+ ions with phosphate. After the cleavage of DEVD by caspase-3, the RB is released from the UCNP surface and the reduced upconversion luminescence (UCL) is recovered. Under the optimum conditions, the recovery ratio of the UCL is linearly dependent on the caspase-3 concentration within the range of 0.01 to 1000 pg mL-1 and with a limit of detection (LOD) of 0.01 pg mL-1 (S/N = 3). In particular, the as-proposed UCNP-based FRET sensing platform has reasonable selectivity which is successfully employed to monitor caspase-3 activity in drug-induced apoptosis of HeLa cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Liu
- College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, P. R. China.
| | - Hua Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, P. R. China.
| | - Daqian Song
- College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, P. R. China.
| | - Zhenxin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, P. R. China.
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Mori Y, Shirai T, Terauchi R, Tsuchida S, Mizoshiri N, Hayashi D, Arai Y, Kishida T, Mazda O, Kubo T. Antitumor effects of pristimerin on human osteosarcoma cells in vitro and in vivo. Onco Targets Ther 2017; 10:5703-5710. [PMID: 29238202 PMCID: PMC5713707 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s150071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
There are very few treatments for musculoskeletal tumors, compared to other cancers; thus, novel therapeutic drugs are needed. Pristimerin (PM) is a triterpene compound isolated from plant extracts that reportedly has antitumor effects on various cancers, such as of the breast and prostate. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the antitumor effects of PM on human osteosarcoma cells. Treatment of the human osteosarcoma cell lines, MNNG and 143B, with PM led to a dose-dependent decrease in cell viability. The effects of PM on apoptosis were evaluated with the Annexin V/propidium iodide assay and analysis of caspases 3, 8, and 9 activities. Western blot analysis showed that PM caused a decrease in the expression of Akt, mTOR, and NF-κB. The volumes and weights of human osteosarcoma xenografts decreased significantly with PM treatment. The results of this study revealed that PM can inhibit human osteosarcoma growth in vitro and in vivo, and may be a novel therapeutic agent for the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Yuji Arai
- Department of Sports and Para-Sports Medicine
| | - Tunao Kishida
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Osam Mazda
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
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Synthesis of a HyCoSuL peptide substrate library to dissect protease substrate specificity. Nat Protoc 2017; 12:2189-2214. [PMID: 28933778 DOI: 10.1038/nprot.2017.091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Many biologically and chemically based approaches have been developed to design highly active and selective protease substrates and probes. It is, however, difficult to find substrate sequences that are truly selective for any given protease, as different proteases can demonstrate a great deal of overlap in substrate specificities. In some cases, better enzyme selectivity can be achieved using peptide libraries containing unnatural amino acids such as the hybrid combinatorial substrate library (HyCoSuL), which uses both natural and unnatural amino acids. HyCoSuL is a combinatorial library of tetrapeptides containing amino acid mixtures at the P4-P2 positions, a fixed amino acid at the P1 position, and an ACC (7-amino-4-carbamoylmethylcoumarin) fluorescent tag occupying the P1' position. Once the peptide is recognized and cleaved by a protease, the ACC is released and produces a readable fluorescence signal. Here, we describe the synthesis and screening of HyCoSuL for human caspases and legumain. We also discuss possible modifications and adaptations of this approach that make it a useful tool for developing highly active and selective reagents for a wide variety of proteolytic enzymes. The protocol can be divided into three major parts: (i) solid-phase synthesis of the fluorescence-labeled HyCoSuL, (ii) screening of protease P4-P2 preferences, and (iii) synthesis of the optimized activity probes equipped with an AOMK (acyloxymethyl ketone) reactive group and a biotin label for easy detection. Beginning with the library design, the entire protocol can be completed in 4-8 weeks (HyCoSuL synthesis: 3-5 weeks; HyCoSuL screening per enzyme: 4-8 d; and activity-based probe synthesis: 1-2 weeks).
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40
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Wu L, Zhang QR, Huang JR, Li Y, Su F, Dong L. The application of Morita-Baylis-Hillman reaction: Synthetic studies on perophoramidine. Tetrahedron 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2017.05.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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41
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Abd Eldaim MA, Shaban Abd Elrasoul A, Abd Elaziz SA. An aqueous extract from Moringa oleifera leaves ameliorates hepatotoxicity in alloxan-induced diabetic rats. Biochem Cell Biol 2017; 95:524-530. [PMID: 28423281 DOI: 10.1139/bcb-2016-0256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
This study was carried out to evaluate the possible mechanisms through which an aqueous extract from MO leaves demonstrates hepatoprotective effects in alloxan-induced diabetic rats. Eighty albino rats were assigned to 4 groups. The control group was orally administered sterile saline. The second group was injected with alloxan (150 mg/kg body mass (b.m.)) by intraperitoneal injection (i.p.). The third group was given MO (250 mg/kg b.m.) orally, daily. The fourth group was injected with alloxan, as for the second group, and administrated an aqueous extract of MO leaves, as for the third group. Alloxan induced degenerative changes in hepatic and pancreatic tissues, increased hepatic lipid peroxidation, and increased gene expression of PC and caspase 3. However, it decreased the activities of hepatic SOD and CAT, and gene expression of GS. In contrast, the MO extract prevented changes to the histoarchitecture of hepatic and pancreatic tissues and normalized the reduced hepatic levels of glutathione, as well as the activities of SOD and CAT, and the gene expression of GS, while reducing blood glucose levels, hepatic lipid peroxidation, and the gene expression of PC and caspase 3. This study indicated that an aqueous extract of MO leaves can be a potent antioxidant and used as an hepatoprotective agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mabrouk Attia Abd Eldaim
- a Department of Biochemistry and Chemistry of Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Menoufia University, Shebeen El-Kom, 32721, Menoufia, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Shaban Abd Elrasoul
- b Department of Biochemistry and Chemistry of Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sadat City, 32897, Egypt
| | - Samy Ahmed Abd Elaziz
- c Department of Biochemistry and Chemistry of Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Egypt
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42
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Highly sensitive and adaptable fluorescence-quenched pair discloses the substrate specificity profiles in diverse protease families. Sci Rep 2017; 7:43135. [PMID: 28230157 PMCID: PMC5322338 DOI: 10.1038/srep43135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2016] [Accepted: 01/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Internally quenched fluorescent (IQF) peptide substrates originating from FRET (Förster Resonance Energy Transfer) are powerful tool for examining the activity and specificity of proteases, and a variety of donor/acceptor pairs are extensively used to design individual substrates and combinatorial libraries. We developed a highly sensitive and adaptable donor/acceptor pair that can be used to investigate the substrate specificity of cysteine proteases, serine proteases and metalloproteinases. This novel pair comprises 7-amino-4-carbamoylmethylcoumarin (ACC) as the fluorophore and 2,4-dinitrophenyl-lysine (Lys(DNP)) as the quencher. Using caspase-3, caspase-7, caspase-8, neutrophil elastase, legumain, and two matrix metalloproteinases (MMP2 and MMP9), we demonstrated that substrates containing ACC/Lys(DNP) exhibit 7 to 10 times higher sensitivity than conventional 7-methoxy-coumarin-4-yl acetic acid (MCA)/Lys(DNP) substrates; thus, substantially lower amounts of substrate and enzyme can be used for each assay. We therefore propose that the ACC/Lys(DNP) pair can be considered a novel and sensitive scaffold for designing substrates for any group of endopeptidases. We further demonstrate that IQF substrates containing unnatural amino acids can be used to investigate protease activities/specificities for peptides containing post-translationally modified amino acids. Finally, we used IQF substrates to re-investigate the P1-Asp characteristic of caspases, thus demonstrating that some human caspases can also hydrolyze substrates after glutamic acid.
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43
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Zhang ZW, Li H, Chen SS, Li Y, Cui ZY, Ma J. MicroRNA-122 regulates caspase-8 and promotes the apoptosis of mouse cardiomyocytes. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017; 50:e5760. [PMID: 28177059 PMCID: PMC5390529 DOI: 10.1590/1414-431x20165760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2016] [Accepted: 11/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Cardiomyocyte apoptosis plays key roles in the pathogenesis of heart diseases such as myocardial infarction. MicroRNAs are important regulators of gene expression, which are also involved in the regulation of cardiomyocyte apoptosis. However, cardiomyocyte apoptosis regulated by microRNA (miR)-122 is largely unexplored. The aim of this study focused on the role of miR-122 in cardiomyocyte apoptosis. Cardiomyocytes were isolated from neonatal mice and primarily cultured. MiR-122 mimic and inhibitor were transfected to cardiomyocytes and verified by qRT-PCR. Cell viability and apoptosis post-transfection were assessed by MTT assay and flow cytometry, respectively. Changes in expression of caspase-8 were quantified by qRT-PCR and western blot. Results showed that miR-122 mimic and inhibitor successfully induced changes in miR-122 levels in cultured cardiomyocytes (P<0.01). MiR-122 overexpression suppressed viability and promoted apoptosis of cardiomyocytes (P<0.05), and miR-122 knockdown promoted cell viability and inhibited apoptosis (P<0.05). The mRNA and protein levels of caspase-8 were elevated by miR-122 overexpression (P<0.01) and reduced by miR-122 knockdown (P<0.001). These results suggest an inductive role of miR-122 in cardiomyocyte apoptosis, which may be related to its regulation on caspase-8.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z W Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Jining No.1 People's Hospital, Jining, Shandong Province, China
| | - H Li
- Department of Cardiology, Jining No.1 People's Hospital, Jining, Shandong Province, China
| | - S S Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Jining No.1 People's Hospital, Jining, Shandong Province, China
| | - Y Li
- Department of Cardiology, Jining No.1 People's Hospital, Jining, Shandong Province, China
| | - Z Y Cui
- Department of Cardiology, Jining No.1 People's Hospital, Jining, Shandong Province, China
| | - J Ma
- Department of Cardiology, Jining No.1 People's Hospital, Jining, Shandong Province, China
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44
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Kasperkiewicz P, Poreba M, Groborz K, Drag M. Emerging challenges in the design of selective substrates, inhibitors and activity-based probes for indistinguishable proteases. FEBS J 2017; 284:1518-1539. [PMID: 28052575 PMCID: PMC7164106 DOI: 10.1111/febs.14001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2016] [Revised: 12/02/2016] [Accepted: 01/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Proteases are enzymes that hydrolyze the peptide bond of peptide substrates and proteins. Despite significant progress in recent years, one of the greatest challenges in the design and testing of substrates, inhibitors and activity‐based probes for proteolytic enzymes is achieving specificity toward only one enzyme. This specificity is particularly important if the enzyme is present with other enzymes with a similar catalytic mechanism and substrate specificity but completely different functionality. The cross‐reactivity of substrates, inhibitors and activity‐based probes with other enzymes can significantly impair or even prevent investigations of a target protease. In this review, we describe important concepts and the latest challenges, focusing mainly on peptide‐based substrate specificity techniques used to distinguish individual enzymes within major protease families.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulina Kasperkiewicz
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, Poland
| | - Marcin Poreba
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Groborz
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, Poland
| | - Marcin Drag
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, Poland
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45
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Caspase-mediated proteolysis of the sorting nexin 2 disrupts retromer assembly and potentiates Met/hepatocyte growth factor receptor signaling. Cell Death Discov 2017; 3:16100. [PMID: 28179995 PMCID: PMC5253419 DOI: 10.1038/cddiscovery.2016.100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2016] [Accepted: 11/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The unfolding of apoptosis involves the cleavage of hundreds of proteins by the caspase family of cysteinyl peptidases. Among those substrates are proteins involved in intracellular vesicle trafficking with a net outcome of shutting down the crucial processes governing protein transport to organelles and to the plasma membrane. However, because of the intertwining of receptor trafficking and signaling, cleavage of specific proteins may lead to unintended consequences. Here we show that in apoptosis, sorting nexin 1 and 2 (SNX1 and SNX2), two proteins involved in endosomal sorting, are cleaved by initiator caspases and also by executioner caspase-6 in the case of SNX2. Moreover, SNX1 is cleaved at multiple sites, including following glutamate residues. Cleavage of SNX2 results in a loss of association with the endosome-to-trans-Golgi network transport protein Vps35 and in a delocalization from endosomes of its associated partner Vps26. We also demonstrate that SNX2 depletion causes an increase in hepatocyte growth factor receptor tyrosine phosphorylation and Erk1/2 signaling in cells. Finally, we show that SNX2 mRNA and protein levels are decreased in colorectal carcinoma and that lower SNX2 gene expression correlates with an increase in cancer patient mortality. Our study reveals the importance to characterize the cleavage fragments produced by caspases of specific death substrates given their potential implication in the mechanism of regulation of physiological (signaling/trafficking) pathways or in the dysfunction leading to pathogenesis.
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46
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Qian L, Zhang CJ, Wu J, Yao SQ. Fused Bicyclic Caspase-1 Inhibitors Assembled by Copper-Free Strain-Promoted Alkyne-Azide Cycloaddition (SPAAC). Chemistry 2016; 23:360-369. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201603150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Linghui Qian
- Department of Chemistry; National University of Singapore; 3 Science Drive 3 Singapore 117543 Singapore
| | - Chong-Jing Zhang
- Department of Chemistry; National University of Singapore; 3 Science Drive 3 Singapore 117543 Singapore
| | - Ji'en Wu
- Department of Chemistry; National University of Singapore; 3 Science Drive 3 Singapore 117543 Singapore
| | - Shao Q. Yao
- Department of Chemistry; National University of Singapore; 3 Science Drive 3 Singapore 117543 Singapore
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47
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Jang TH, Lim IH, Kim CM, Choi JY, Kim EA, Lee TJ, Park HH. Rescuing neuronal cell death by RAIDD- and PIDD- derived peptides and its implications for therapeutic intervention in neurodegenerative diseases. Sci Rep 2016; 6:31198. [PMID: 27502430 PMCID: PMC4977500 DOI: 10.1038/srep31198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2015] [Accepted: 07/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Caspase-2 is known to be involved in oxidative-stress mediated neuronal cell death. In this study, we demonstrated that rotenone-induced neuronal cell death is mediated by caspase-2 activation via PIDDosome formation. Our newly designed TAT-fused peptides, which contains wild-type helix number3 (H3) from RAIDD and PIDD, blocked the PIDDosome formation in vitro. Furthermore, peptides inhibited rotenone-induced caspase-2-dependent apoptosis in neuronal cells. These results suggest that PIDD- or RAIDD-targeted peptides might be effective at protecting against rotenone-induced neurotoxicity. Our peptides are novel neuronal cell apoptosis inhibitors that might serve as a prototype for development of drugs for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tae-Ho Jang
- School of Biotechnology and Graduate School of Biochemistry at Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, South Korea
| | - In-Hye Lim
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, Yeungnam University, 317-1 Daemyung-Dong Nam-Gu, Daegu 42415, South Korea
| | - Chang Min Kim
- School of Biotechnology and Graduate School of Biochemistry at Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, South Korea
| | - Jae Young Choi
- School of Biotechnology and Graduate School of Biochemistry at Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, South Korea
| | - Eun-Ae Kim
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, Yeungnam University, 317-1 Daemyung-Dong Nam-Gu, Daegu 42415, South Korea
| | - Tae-Jin Lee
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, Yeungnam University, 317-1 Daemyung-Dong Nam-Gu, Daegu 42415, South Korea
| | - Hyun Ho Park
- School of Biotechnology and Graduate School of Biochemistry at Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, South Korea
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Czarnomysy R, Bielawski K, Muszynska A, Bielawska A, Gornowicz A. Biological evaluation of dimethylpyridine-platinum complexes with potent antiproliferative activity. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2016; 31:150-165. [PMID: 27488500 DOI: 10.1080/14756366.2016.1212191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Abstract
This study investigates the effect of three new platinum complexes: Pt2(2,4-dimethylpyridine)4(berenil)2 (Pt14), Pt2(3,4-dimethylpyridine)4(berenil)2 (Pt15) and Pt2(3,5-dimethylpyridine)4(berenil)2 (Pt16) on growth and viability of breast cancer cells and their putative mechanism(s) of cytotoxicity. Cytotoxicity was measured with MTT assay and inhibition of [3H]thymidine incorporation into DNA in both breast cancer cells. Results revealed that Pt14-Pt16 exhibit substantially greater cytotoxicity than cisplatin against MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells. In the case of human skin fibroblast cell, cytotoxicity assays demonstrated that these compounds are less toxic to normal cells than cisplatin. In addition, the effects of Pt14-Pt16 are investigated using the flow cytometry assessment of annexin V binding, analysis of mitochondrial potential, markers of apoptosis such as caspase-3, caspase-8, caspase-9, caspase-10 and defragmentation of DNA by TUNEL assay. These results indicate that Pt14-Pt16 induce apoptosis by the mitochondrial and external pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Anna Bielawska
- b Department of Biotechnology , Medical University of Bialystok , Bialystok , Poland
| | - Agnieszka Gornowicz
- b Department of Biotechnology , Medical University of Bialystok , Bialystok , Poland
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Lakshma Nayak V, Nagaseshadri B, Vishnuvardhan M, Kamal A. Investigation of the apoptotic pathway induced by benzimidazole–oxindole conjugates against human breast cancer cells MCF-7. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2016; 26:3313-3317. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2016.05.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2015] [Revised: 04/25/2016] [Accepted: 05/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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50
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Design, Synthesis and Antitumor Activity of Novel link-bridge and B-Ring Modified Combretastatin A-4 (CA-4) Analogues as Potent Antitubulin Agents. Sci Rep 2016; 6:25387. [PMID: 27138035 PMCID: PMC4853715 DOI: 10.1038/srep25387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2016] [Accepted: 04/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A series of 12 novel acylhydrazone, chalcone and amide–bridged analogues of combretastatin A-4 were designed and synthesized toward tubulin. All these compounds were determined by elemental analysis, 1H NMR, and MS. Among them, compound 7 with acylhydrazone-bridge, bearing a benzyl at the indole-N position, was identified as a potent antiproliferative agent against a panel of cancer cell lines with IC50 values ranging from 0.08 to 35.6 μM. In contrast, its cytotoxic effects on three normal human cells were minimal. Cellular studies have revealed that the induction of apoptosis by compound 7 was associated with a collapse of mitochondrial membrane potential, accumulation of reactive oxygen species, alterations in the expression of some cell cycle-related proteins (Cyclin B1, Cdc25c, Cdc2, P21) and some apoptosis-related proteins (Bax, PARP, Bcl-2, Caspase3). The docking mode showed the binding posture of CA-4 and compound 7 are similar in the colchicine-binding pocket of tubulin, as confirmed by colchicine-tubulin competitive binding assay, tubulin polymerization inhibitory activity, extracellular protein expression determination assay and confocal immunofluorescence microscopy. In vivo study, compound 7 effectively inhibited A549 xenograft tumor growth without causing significant loss of body weight suggesting that compound 7 is a promising new antimitotic agent with clinical potential.
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