1
|
Gordon JM, Eva MJ, Gaire S, Appel AG, DeVries ZC. Common consumer residual insecticides lack efficacy against insecticide-susceptible and resistant populations of the German cockroach (Blattodea: Ectobiidae). JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY 2024:toae158. [PMID: 39140374 DOI: 10.1093/jee/toae158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2024] [Revised: 06/21/2024] [Accepted: 07/10/2024] [Indexed: 08/15/2024]
Abstract
The German cockroach, Blattella germanica (L.) (Blattodea: Ectobiidae), is a ubiquitous pest in affordable housing. They represent a major threat to human health due to their contribution of asthma-exacerbating allergens and the potential to transfer pathogenic microorganisms indoors. Despite well-documented pyrethroid resistance, pyrethroid-based broadcast residual insecticide products are often used by residents to control cockroaches in their homes. Additionally, there is little empirical independent testing of these products. Thus, it remains unclear how effective these commonly used do-it-yourself products are at controlling German cockroaches. This study represents a comprehensive examination of the efficacy of these products with direct, limited, and continuous exposure assays on a variety of common household surfaces on field populations of cockroaches with varying levels of pyrethroid resistance. While most products performed well when applied directly to test insects, mortality was substantially lower across all surfaces with limited exposure (30 min). In continuous exposure assays on a nonporous surface, products took at least 24 hr to cause 100% mortality in a field population, with some products taking up to 5 d to achieve 100% mortality. The findings of this study demonstrate a lack of residual efficacy from common pyrethroid-based consumer-use pesticides products. Given that it is not feasible to find and treat every cockroach in a home directly, the residuality of spray-based formulations is critical for products designed to control German cockroaches. Without residual efficacy, as shown in the consumer aerosol and spray products tested, we expect these products to add little to no value to cockroach control.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Johnalyn M Gordon
- Department of Entomology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Marla J Eva
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA
| | - Sudip Gaire
- Department of Entomology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Arthur G Appel
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA
| | - Zachary C DeVries
- Department of Entomology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Sirikanyaporn S, Nankongnab N, Kongtip P, Siri S, Suk WA, Woskie SR. Exposure of Young Children to Permethrin and Cypermethrin Insecticides in the Residential Environment. TOXICS 2024; 12:477. [PMID: 39058129 PMCID: PMC11280751 DOI: 10.3390/toxics12070477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2024] [Revised: 06/20/2024] [Accepted: 06/27/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024]
Abstract
The aims of this study were to evaluate the exposure to permethrin and cypermethrin of young children aged between 2 and 5 years in Nakhon Pathom and Sing Buri provinces, Thailand. A questionnaire that included general demographic information, household characteristics, insecticide usage and exposure-related behavior in children was used to interview parents or family caregivers. Permethrin and cypermethrin concentrations on floor surfaces and children's hands, as well as their urinary metabolites, were analyzed by gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry. The results showed that permethrin and cypermethrin were detected in 62% and 83% of the children's hand wipe samples, with geometric mean (GM) levels of 0.02 µg and 0.04 µg, respectively. Permethrin and cypermethrin were detected in 79% and 93% of floor surface wipe samples, with GM levels of 0.90 µg/m2, and 1.49 µg/m2, respectively. For children's urine, the GM concentrations of cis- and trans-DCCA, 3-PBA, and total pyrethroid metabolites were 0.84, 0.31 and 1.23 nmol/g creatinine, respectively. This study found that household insecticide product usage and having a tile floor were associated with increased permethrin concentrations on the children's hands and floor surfaces. However, cypermethrin concentrations on floor surfaces were significantly higher in families using aerosol insecticide sprays and insecticide products in the living room and bedroom. The predictors of the total pyrethroid, DCCA and 3-PBA metabolites are permethrin on children's hands or floor surfaces and cypermethrin on floor surfaces.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Siriporn Sirikanyaporn
- Department of Occupational Health and Safety, Faculty of Public Health, Mahidol University, 420/1 Rajvidhi Road, Bangkok 10400, Thailand; (S.S.); (P.K.)
- Public Health, Mahidol University, Amnatcharoen Campus, Amnatcharoen 37000, Thailand
| | - Noppanun Nankongnab
- Department of Occupational Health and Safety, Faculty of Public Health, Mahidol University, 420/1 Rajvidhi Road, Bangkok 10400, Thailand; (S.S.); (P.K.)
| | - Pornpimol Kongtip
- Department of Occupational Health and Safety, Faculty of Public Health, Mahidol University, 420/1 Rajvidhi Road, Bangkok 10400, Thailand; (S.S.); (P.K.)
| | - Sukhontha Siri
- Department of Epidemiology, Faculty of Public Health, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand;
| | - William Alfred Suk
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Gillings School of Global Public Health, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 135 Dauer Drive, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA;
| | - Susan Renee Woskie
- Department of Public Health, University of Massachusetts Lowell, 61 Wilder St., Lowell, MA 01854, USA;
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Starr JM, Valentini E, Parker B, Graham SE, Waldron F. In vitro modeling of the post-ingestion mobilization and bioaccessibility of pesticides sorbed to soil and house dust. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2024; 344:123295. [PMID: 38184152 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2024.123295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Revised: 01/02/2024] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 01/08/2024]
Abstract
Soils and dusts can act as sinks for semivolatile lipophilic organic compounds and children ingest relatively large amounts of both soils and dusts. Following intake, sorbed chemicals may desorb (mobilize) and become available for intestinal absorption (bioaccessible). When chemicals are not degraded in the digestive tract, mobilization can approximate bioaccessibility. Alternatively, when gastrointestinal degradation of mobilized chemicals does occur, it can be useful to separate mobilization from bioaccessibility. In this study we used synthetic digestive fluids in a sequential, three-compartment (saliva, gastric, and intestinal) in vitro assay to construct mobilization and bioaccessibility models for 16 pesticides (log Kow 2.5-6.8) sorbed to 32 characterized soils and house dusts. To address the potential loss of mobilized pesticides due to absorption, the assays were repeated using a solid phase sorbent (tenax) added to the digestive fluid immediately after addition of the intestinal fluid components. We found that pesticide mobilization was predicted by pesticide log Kow and the carbon content of the soils and dusts. Pesticide loss measurably reduced the bioaccessibility of most pesticides, and bioaccessibility was largely predicted by log Kow and pesticide loss rate constants. Introduction of the sink increased mobilization by x̄ = 4 ± 6% (soil) and x̄ = 9 ± 7% (dust) while bioaccessibility increases were x̄ = 41 ± 21% (soil) and x̄ = 24 ± 12% (dust). The physicochemical properties of the soils, dusts, and pesticides used in this study successfully predicted the in vitro mobilization and bioaccessibility of the pesticides. This suggests that modeling of pesticide mobilization and bioaccessibility could reduce uncertainty in exposure and risk assessments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- James M Starr
- United States Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, USA.
| | - Evelyn Valentini
- United States Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, USA
| | - Bethany Parker
- Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education Fellow at the United States Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, USA
| | - Stephen E Graham
- United States Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Chemical Safety and Pollution Prevention, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, USA
| | - Faith Waldron
- Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education Fellow at the United States Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, USA
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Parker BA, Valentini E, Graham SE, Starr JM. In vitro modeling of the post-ingestion bioaccessibility of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances sorbed to soil and house dust. Toxicol Sci 2023; 197:95-103. [PMID: 37740396 PMCID: PMC10942096 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfad098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are regularly found in soils and dusts, both of which can be consumed by children at relatively high amounts. However, there is little data available to model the bioaccessibility of PFAS in soils and dusts when consumed or to describe how the physiochemical properties of PFAS and soils/dusts might affect bioaccessibility of these chemicals. Because bioaccessibility is an important consideration in estimating absorbed dose for exposure and risk assessments, in the current study, in vitro assays were used to determine bioaccessibility of 14 PFAS in 33 sets of soils and dusts. Bioaccessibility assays were conducted with and without a sink, which was used to account for the removal of PFAS due to their movement across the human intestine. Multiple linear regression with backward elimination showed that a segmented model using PFAS chain length, number of branches, and percent total organic carbon explained 78.0%-88.9% of the variability in PFAS bioaccessibility. In general, PFAS had significantly greater bioaccessibility in soils relative to dusts and the addition of a sink increased bioaccessibility in the test system by as much as 10.8% for soils and 20.3% for dusts. The results from this study indicate that PFAS bioaccessibility in soils and dusts can be predicted using a limited set of physical chemical characteristics and could be used to inform risk assessment models.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bethany A Parker
- Office of Research and Development, Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education Fellow at the United States Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711, USA
| | - Evelyn Valentini
- Office of Research and Development, United States Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711, USA
| | - Stephen E Graham
- Office of Pesticide Programs, United States Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711, USA
| | - James M Starr
- Office of Research and Development, United States Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711, USA
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Liang R, Feng X, Shi D, Wang B, Zhang Y, Liu W, Yu L, Ye Z, Zhou M, Chen W. Obesity modifies the association of environmental pyrethroid exposure with glucose homeostasis in the US general adults. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2023; 328:121671. [PMID: 37080515 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.121671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2023] [Revised: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Environmental pyrethroids are concerning due to their widespread residues and potential implications on human health. We aimed to assess the association of pyrethroid exposure with glucose homeostasis and examine the interaction between obesity and pyrethroid exposure. A total of 4233 US general adults from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey with measured urinary pyrethroid metabolites, fasting plasma glucose (FPG), fasting insulin (FINS), and glycated hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) were included in the study. The homeostasis model assessment (HOMA2) calculator was utilized to assess insulin resistance (HOMA2-IR), insulin sensitivity (HOMA2-IS), and beta-cell function (HOMA2-β). We estimated the associations of pyrethroid metabolites with glucose homeostasis parameters (FPG, FINS, HbA1c, HOMA2-IR, HOMA2-IS, and HOMA2-β) using multivariate linear regression models and restricted cubic spline models and further assessed the interaction between obesity and pyrethroid metabolites on glucose dyshomeostasis. Urinary 3-phenoxybenzoic acid (3-PBA) was the most detected pyrethroid metabolite (81%) with a median concentration of 0.43 (interquartile range 0.20-1.01) μg/g urinary creatinine. Compared with the participants in the lowest quartile, those in the highest quartile of 3-PBA had a 1.93% (95% confidence interval: 0.46%, 3.42%), 6.69% (1.96%, 11.64%), 1.60% (0.64%, 2.57%), 7.06% (2.33%, 12.01%), -6.59% (-10.72%, -2.28%), and 1.10% (-2.69%, 5.04%) alteration in FPG, FINS, HbA1c, HOMA2-IR, HOMA2-IS, and HOMA2-β, respectively. The restricted cubic spline model displayed a linear positive association between 3-PBA and FPG, FINS, HbA1c, and HOMA2-IR, and a negative association with HOMA2-IS (all P for overall <0.05 and P for non-linear >0.05). Additionally, the association between urinary 3-PBA and FPG was modified by general obesity (P for interaction <0.05), with a more pronounced association observed in obese participants than in non-obese participants. Our findings suggested that pyrethroid exposure was associated with glucose dyshomeostasis. General obesity significantly heightened the association between pyrethroid exposure and increased FPG level.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ruyi Liang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China; Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China
| | - Xiaobing Feng
- Wuhan Children's Hospital (Wuhan Maternal and Child Health care Hospital), Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Da Shi
- Food and Human Nutritional Science, Faculty of Agriculture and Food Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Bin Wang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China; Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China
| | - Yongfang Zhang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China; Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China; Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China
| | - Linling Yu
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China; Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China
| | - Zi Ye
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China; Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China
| | - Min Zhou
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China; Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China.
| | - Weihong Chen
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China; Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Dery M, Dinh B, Budd R, Choe DH. Wash-off potential of pyrethroids after use of total release fogger products. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 847:157340. [PMID: 35842158 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.157340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Revised: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Pyrethroids are frequently detected in urban wastewater. Even though treatment facilities remove most pyrethroids (> 90 %) in wastewater, residual concentrations can exceed thresholds that are acutely toxic to sensitive aquatic species. Total release foggers (also known as "bug bombs") are widely used by the general public for insect control. It was hypothesized that these products serve as a source of pyrethroids entering the urban wastewater through the deposition of the active ingredients on various surfaces and subsequent transfer from the contaminated surfaces to the waste stream through cleaning activities. Based on experiments conducted in an enclosure, we found that substantial amounts of a pyrethroid (i.e., cypermethrin) were deposited on various surfaces after a total release fogger use. A series of experiments simulating scenarios that would be representative of common residential cleaning activities indicated that the pyrethroid could be transferred from the contaminated surfaces to other adsorptive materials via physical contact (with or without water as a solvent). The pyrethroid was readily extracted from the adsorptive materials (cotton fabric and filter paper) when water was used as a solvent. Adding a small amount of detergent to the water significantly increased the extraction efficiency compared to water alone. These results indicate that insecticides used in total release foggers can contribute to insecticide loading into the wastewater treatment system via several possible routes, such as contact with or cleaning of exposed surfaces and washing contaminated clothing after their use within a structure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mark Dery
- Department of Entomology, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA.
| | - Brian Dinh
- Department of Entomology, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
| | - Robert Budd
- Surface Water Protection Program, Environmental Monitoring Branch, California Department of Pesticide Regulation, 1001 I Street, Sacramento, CA 95812, USA
| | - Dong-Hwan Choe
- Department of Entomology, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Singh S, Mukherjee A, Jaiswal DK, de Araujo Pereira AP, Prasad R, Sharma M, Kuhad RC, Shukla AC, Verma JP. Advances and future prospects of pyrethroids: Toxicity and microbial degradation. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 829:154561. [PMID: 35296421 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.154561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Revised: 02/26/2022] [Accepted: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Pyrethroids are a class of insecticides structurally similar to that of natural pyrethrins. The application of pyrethrins in agriculture and pest control lead to many kinds of environmental pollution affecting human health and loss of soil microbial population that affect soil fertility and health. Natural pyrethrins have been used since ancient times as insect repellers, and their synthetic versions especially type 2 pyrethroids could be highly toxic to humans. PBO (Piperonyl butoxide) is known to enhance the toxicity of prallethrin in humans due to the resistance in its metabolic degradation. Pyrethroids are also known to cause plasma biochemical profile changes in humans and they also lead to the production of high levels of reactive oxygen species. Further they are also known to increase SGPT activity in humans. Due to the toxicity of pyrethrins in water bodies, soils, and food products, there is an urgent need to develop sustainable approaches to reduce their levels in the respective fields, which are eco-friendly, economically viable, and socially acceptable for on-site remediation. Keeping this in view, an attempt has been made to analyse the advances and prospects in using pyrethrins and possible technologies to control their harmful effects. The pyrethroid types, composition and biochemistry of necessary pyrethroid insecticides have been discussed in detail, in the research paper, along with their effect on insects and humans. It also covers the impact of pyrethroids on different plants and soil microbial flora. The second part deals with the microbial degradation of the pyrethroids through different modes, i.e., bioaugmentation and biostimulation. Many microbes such as Acremonium, Aspergillus, Microsphaeropsis, Westerdykella, Pseudomonas, Staphylococcus have been used in the individual form for the degradation of pyrethroids, while some of them such as Bacillus are even used in the form of consortia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Saurabh Singh
- Plant Microbe Interaction Lab, Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India
| | - Arpan Mukherjee
- Plant Microbe Interaction Lab, Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India
| | | | | | - Ram Prasad
- Department of Botany, School of Life Sciences, Mahatma Gandhi Central University, Motihari, East Champaran, 845401, Bihar, India
| | - Minaxi Sharma
- Department of Applied Biology, University of Science and Technology, Meghalaya 793101, India; Laboratoire de "Chimie verte et Produits Biobasés", Haute Ecole Provinciale du Hainaut- Condorcet, Département AgroBioscience et Chimie, 11, Rue de la Sucrerie, 7800 ATH, Belgium
| | - Ramesh Chander Kuhad
- Shree Guru Gobind Singh Tricentenary University, Gurgaon-Badli Road Chandu, Budhera, Gurugram, Haryana 122505, India
| | | | - Jay Prakash Verma
- Plant Microbe Interaction Lab, Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Leibovich-Raveh T, Gish M. Does Insect Aversion Lead to Increased Household Pesticide Use? INSECTS 2022; 13:555. [PMID: 35735892 PMCID: PMC9224736 DOI: 10.3390/insects13060555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Revised: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
In many human societies, domestic insect pests often evoke feelings of disgust, fear and aversion. These common feelings may translate to increased use of household pesticides. No study has ever explored this possibility and consequently, efforts to mitigate public exposure to domestic pesticides typically focus on addressing knowledge gaps. We tested the hypothesis that negative emotions toward insects may motivate people to use pesticides, by interviewing 70 participants and assessing their insect aversion levels using a computerized test. Contrary to our hypothesis, we found no effect of insect aversion on pesticide use. However, we did find that personal attributes and preferences such as wishing to avoid exposure to toxic chemicals, being vegetarian and taking frequent nature walks reduced pesticide use, in addition to low infestation levels and physical attributes of the housing unit. We emphasize the importance of conducting future studies in various societies, where insect aversion and other factors may have different effects on household pesticide use. Such studies may provide culture-specific insights that could foster the development of next-generation urban IPM (Integrated Pest Management) public education programs, which will address not only knowledge gaps, but also emotional aspects and personal attributes that lead to unnecessary or excessive use of household pesticides.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tali Leibovich-Raveh
- Department of Mathematics Education, Faculty of Education, University of Haifa, Haifa 3498838, Israel;
| | - Moshe Gish
- Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Management, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Haifa, Haifa 3498838, Israel
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Isaacs KK, Wall JT, Williams AR, Hobbie KA, Sobus JR, Ulrich E, Lyons D, Dionisio KL, Williams AJ, Grulke C, Foster CA, McCoy J, Bevington C. A harmonized chemical monitoring database for support of exposure assessments. Sci Data 2022; 9:314. [PMID: 35710792 PMCID: PMC9203490 DOI: 10.1038/s41597-022-01365-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Direct monitoring of chemical concentrations in different environmental and biological media is critical to understanding the mechanisms by which human and ecological receptors are exposed to exogenous chemicals. Monitoring data provides evidence of chemical occurrence in different media and can be used to inform exposure assessments. Monitoring data provide required information for parameterization and evaluation of predictive models based on chemical uses, fate and transport, and release or emission processes. Finally, these data are useful in supporting regulatory chemical assessment and decision-making. There are a wide variety of public monitoring data available from existing government programs, historical efforts, public data repositories, and peer-reviewed literature databases. However, these data are difficult to access and analyze in a coordinated manner. Here, data from 20 individual public monitoring data sources were extracted, curated for chemical and medium, and harmonized into a sustainable machine-readable data format for support of exposure assessments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kristin K Isaacs
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Center for Computational Toxicology and Exposure, 109 T.W. Alexander Drive, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27709, USA.
| | - Jonathan T Wall
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Center for Computational Toxicology and Exposure, 109 T.W. Alexander Drive, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27709, USA
| | | | - Kevin A Hobbie
- ICF International, 2635 Meridian Pkwy #200, Durham, NC, 27713, USA
| | - Jon R Sobus
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Center for Computational Toxicology and Exposure, 109 T.W. Alexander Drive, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27709, USA
| | - Elin Ulrich
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Center for Computational Toxicology and Exposure, 109 T.W. Alexander Drive, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27709, USA
| | - David Lyons
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Center for Computational Toxicology and Exposure, 109 T.W. Alexander Drive, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27709, USA
| | - Kathie L Dionisio
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Center for Computational Toxicology and Exposure, 109 T.W. Alexander Drive, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27709, USA
| | - Antony J Williams
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Center for Computational Toxicology and Exposure, 109 T.W. Alexander Drive, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27709, USA
| | - Christopher Grulke
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Center for Computational Toxicology and Exposure, 109 T.W. Alexander Drive, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27709, USA
| | | | - Josiah McCoy
- ICF International, 2635 Meridian Pkwy #200, Durham, NC, 27713, USA
| | - Charles Bevington
- U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission 5 Research Place Rockville, Rockville, MD, 20850, USA
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Klaimala P, Khunlert P, Chuntib P, Pundee R, Kallayanatham N, Nankongnab N, Kongtip P, Woskie S. Pesticide residues on children's hands, home indoor surfaces, and drinking water among conventional and organic farmers in Thailand. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2022; 194:427. [PMID: 35554729 PMCID: PMC10501507 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-022-10051-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
This study measured pesticide levels on children's hands, home indoor surfaces, and drinking water among Thai conventional and organic farm families in three provinces. Farm families in Nakhonsawan and Phitsanulok provinces were the conventional farmers and those in Yasothon province were the organic farmers. Samples were collected in the dry and wet seasons over 2 years (2017 and 2018). All samples were analyzed for organophosphates (OPs), carbamate, pyrethroid, triazines, glyphosate, and aminomethylphosphonic acid (AMPA). On children's hands, the highest concentrations for the 2 palmar surfaces were found for cypermethrin (7.46 μg) and fipronil (2.88 μg). On home surfaces of approximately 1000 cm2, the highest concentrations were found for cypermethrin (27.94 μg) and fipronil 49.76 μg)/1000 cm2. For the conventional farmers, the most common pesticides on children's hand wipes were cypermethrin and fipronil, which are used as in-home pesticides as well as agricultural pesticides. However, home surface wipes showed other pesticides associated with agriculture were presented in the home during the seasons when they were used, suggesting spray drift or carry home sources for these pesticides. During the wet season, pesticides were found in the drinking water of all provinces. Most common were fenitrothion, profenofos, fenthion, atrazine, and AMPA. Profenofos was found at levels above the health guidelines. During 2017, there was extensive flooding in Thailand which may have contributed to the drinking water contamination, even though most farmers report using tap water or bottled drinking water. Future work is needed to assess the risk of all sources of pesticide exposures in children and to repeat the drinking water pesticide contamination analysis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pakasinee Klaimala
- Agricultural Toxic Substance Research Group, Agricultural Production Sciences Research and Development Division, Department of Agriculture, Ministry of Agriculture and Cooperatives, Bangkok, Thailand.
| | - Paphatsara Khunlert
- Agricultural Toxic Substance Research Group, Agricultural Production Sciences Research and Development Division, Department of Agriculture, Ministry of Agriculture and Cooperatives, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Prakit Chuntib
- Agricultural Toxic Substance Research Group, Agricultural Production Sciences Research and Development Division, Department of Agriculture, Ministry of Agriculture and Cooperatives, Bangkok, Thailand
| | | | - Nichcha Kallayanatham
- Department of Occupational Health and Safety, Faculty of Public Health, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Noppanun Nankongnab
- Department of Occupational Health and Safety, Faculty of Public Health, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Center of Excellence On Environmental Health and Toxicology, EHT, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Pornpimol Kongtip
- Department of Occupational Health and Safety, Faculty of Public Health, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Center of Excellence On Environmental Health and Toxicology, EHT, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Susan Woskie
- Department of Public Health, University of Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, USA
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Jiménez JA, Simon JM, Hu W, Moy SS, Harper KM, Liu CW, Lu K, Zylka MJ. Developmental pyrethroid exposure and age influence phenotypes in a Chd8 haploinsufficient autism mouse model. Sci Rep 2022; 12:5555. [PMID: 35365720 PMCID: PMC8975859 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-09533-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Hundreds of genes have been associated with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), including loss-of-function mutations in chromodomain helicase DNA binding protein 8 (Chd8). Environmental factors also are implicated in autism risk and have the potential to exacerbate phenotypes in genetically sensitized backgrounds. Here we investigate transcriptional and behavioral phenotypes in a Chd8 haploinsufficient (Chd8V986*/+) mouse line exposed to the pesticide deltamethrin (DM) from conception to postnatal day 22. Vehicle-exposed Chd8V986*/+ mice displayed ASD-associated phenotypes, including anxiety-like behavior and altered sociability, replicating a previous study with this mouse line. A core set of genes was altered in Chd8V986*/+ mice at multiple ages, including Usp11, Wars2, Crlf2, and Eglf6, and proximity ligation data indicated direct binding of CHD8 to the 5' region of these genes. Moreover, oligodendrocyte and neurodegenerative transcriptional phenotypes were apparent in 12 and 18 month old Chd8V986*/+ mice. Following DM exposure, the mutant mice displayed an exacerbated phenotype in the elevated plus maze, and genes associated with vascular endothelial cells were downregulated in the cerebral cortex of older Chd8V986*/+ animals. Our study reveals a gene x environment interaction with a Chd8 haploinsufficient mouse line and points to the importance of investigating phenotypes in ASD animal models across the lifespan.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jessica A Jiménez
- Curriculum in Toxicology and Environmental Medicine, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Jeremy M Simon
- UNC Neuroscience Center, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
- Carolina Institute for Developmental Disabilities, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
- Department of Genetics, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Wenxin Hu
- UNC Neuroscience Center, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Sheryl S Moy
- Carolina Institute for Developmental Disabilities, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Kathryn M Harper
- Carolina Institute for Developmental Disabilities, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Chih-Wei Liu
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Kun Lu
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Mark J Zylka
- UNC Neuroscience Center, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA.
- Carolina Institute for Developmental Disabilities, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA.
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Hernandez I, Eckel SP, Chavez T, Johnson M, Lerner D, Grubbs B, Toledo-Corral CM, Farzan SF, Habre R, Dunton GF, Breton CV, Bastain TM. Household pesticide exposures and infant gross motor development in the MADRES cohort. Paediatr Perinat Epidemiol 2022; 36:220-229. [PMID: 34964501 PMCID: PMC8881403 DOI: 10.1111/ppe.12850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Revised: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The development of motor skills in infancy is a vital neurodevelopmental milestone. Although previous studies have explored the neurotoxic effects of agricultural pesticides on infants' motor development, limited research has examined early postnatal household pesticide use on infants' motor development, particularly among urban communities. OBJECTIVE This study examined the association between early postnatal household pesticide use and infants' gross and fine motor development at 6 months of age. METHODS Questionnaires were administered via telephone to 296 mother-infant dyads in the Maternal and Developmental Risks from Environmental and Social Stressors (MADRES) pregnancy cohort. Early life household pesticide use was assessed via questionnaire administered when infants turned 3 months old and gross and fine motor development was assessed by the Ages and Stages Questionnaire (ASQ-3) at 6 months old. Infant gross motor scores were reverse coded so that higher scores indicated lower gross motor performance. Negative binomial regressions were performed to assess the relationship between household pesticide use and infant gross motor development. RESULTS Infants were predominantly Hispanic (78.7%) and full term (gestational age at birth: 39.0 ± 1.9 weeks), with 22.3% of maternal participants reporting household use of rodent and insect pesticides. Adjusting for recruitment site, maternal age, ethnicity, household income, education, infant corrected age, infant sex, and home type, infants with maternal-reported household use of rodent and insect pesticides had 1.30 times higher expected gross motor scores (95% confiidence interval 1.05, 1.61) than infants with no reported use of household pesticides, with higher scores indicating reduced gross motor performance. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest household use of rodent and insect pesticides may harm infants' gross motor development in early childhood. Future research should evaluate the impact of specific household chemicals in infant biospecimens and their associations with infant motor development to confirm these findings.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ixel Hernandez
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Sandrah P. Eckel
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Thomas Chavez
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Mark Johnson
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | | | - Brendan Grubbs
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Claudia M. Toledo-Corral
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA,Department of Health Sciences, California State University Northridge, CA, USA
| | - Shohreh F. Farzan
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Rima Habre
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Genevieve F. Dunton
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA,Department of Psychology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Carrie V. Breton
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Theresa M. Bastain
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Park W, Lim W, Song G. Exposure to fipronil induces cell cycle arrest, DNA damage, and apoptosis in porcine trophectoderm and endometrial epithelium, leading to implantation defects during early pregnancy. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 291:118234. [PMID: 34582916 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.118234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Revised: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Fipronil, a phenyl-pyrazole insecticide, has a wide range of uses, from agriculture to veterinary medicine. Due to its large-scale applications, the risk of environmental and occupational exposure and bioaccumulation raises concerns. Moreover, relatively little is known about the intracellular mechanisms of fipronil in trophoblasts and the endometrium involved in implantation. Here, we demonstrated that fipronil reduced the viability of porcine trophectoderm and luminal epithelial cells. Fipronil induced cell cycle arrest at the sub-G1 phase and apoptotic cell death through DNA fragmentation and inhibition of DNA replication. These reactions were accompanied by homeostatic changes, including mitochondrial depolarization and cytosolic calcium depletion. In addition, we found that exposure to fipronil compromised the migration and implantation ability of pTr and pLE cells. Moreover, alterations in PI3K-AKT and MAPK-ERK1/2 signal transduction were observed in fipronil-treated pTr and pLE cells. Finally, the antiproliferative and apoptotic effects of fipronil were also demonstrated in 3D cell culture conditions. In summary, our results suggest that fipronil impairs implantation potentials in fetal trophectoderm and maternal endometrial cells during early pregnancy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wonhyoung Park
- Institute of Animal Molecular Biotechnology and Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Whasun Lim
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Kookmin University, Seoul, 02707, Republic of Korea
| | - Gwonhwa Song
- Institute of Animal Molecular Biotechnology and Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Cazzolla Gatti R. Why We Will Continue to Lose Our Battle with Cancers If We Do Not Stop Their Triggers from Environmental Pollution. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:6107. [PMID: 34198930 PMCID: PMC8201328 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18116107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Revised: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Besides our current health concerns due to COVID-19, cancer is a longer-lasting and even more dramatic pandemic that affects almost a third of the human population worldwide. Most of the emphasis on its causes has been posed on genetic predisposition, chance, and wrong lifestyles (mainly, obesity and smoking). Moreover, our medical weapons against cancers have not improved too much during the last century, although research is in progress. Once diagnosed with a malignant tumour, we still rely on surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy. The main problem is that we have focused on fighting a difficult battle instead of preventing it by controlling its triggers. Quite the opposite, our knowledge of the links between environmental pollution and cancer has surged from the 1980s. Carcinogens in water, air, and soil have continued to accumulate disproportionally and grow in number and dose, bringing us to today's carnage. Here, a synthesis and critical review of the state of the knowledge of the links between cancer and environmental pollution in the three environmental compartments is provided, research gaps are briefly discussed, and some future directions are indicated. New evidence suggests that it is relevant to take into account not only the dose but also the time when we are exposed to carcinogens. The review ends by stressing that more dedication should be put into studying the environmental causes of cancers to prevent and avoid curing them, that the precautionary approach towards environmental pollutants must be much more reactionary, and that there is an urgent need to leave behind the outdated petrochemical-based industry and goods production.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Cazzolla Gatti
- Konrad Lorenz Institute for Evolution and Cognition Research, 3400 Klosterneuburg, Austria;
- Biological Institute, Tomsk State University, 634050 Tomsk, Russia
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Werthmann DW, Rabito FA, Stout DM, Tulve NS, Adamkiewicz G, Calafat AM, Ospina M, Chew GL. Pyrethroid exposure among children residing in green versus non-green multi-family, low-income housing. JOURNAL OF EXPOSURE SCIENCE & ENVIRONMENTAL EPIDEMIOLOGY 2021; 31:549-559. [PMID: 33677471 PMCID: PMC8140995 DOI: 10.1038/s41370-021-00312-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Revised: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is growing concern about children's chronic low-level pesticide exposure and its impact on health. Green building practices (e.g., reducing leakage of the thermal and pressure barrier that surrounds the structure, integrated pest management, improved ventilation) have the potential to reduce pesticide exposure. However, the potential impact of living in green housing on children's pesticide exposure is unknown. OBJECTIVE To address this question, a longitudinal study of pyrethroid metabolites (3-phenoxybenzoic acid [3-PBA], 4-fluoro-3-phenoxybenzoic acid [4-F-3-PBA], trans-3-(2,2-dichlorovinyl)-2,2-dimethylcyclopropane carboxylic acid [trans-DCCA]) in first morning void urine, collected from 68 children from New Orleans, Louisiana residing in green and non-green housing was conducted. METHODS Children were followed for 1 year with three repeated measures of pesticide exposure. Generalized estimating equations examined associations between housing type (green vs. non-green) and urinary pyrethroid metabolite concentrations adjusting for demographic and household factors over the year. RESULTS Ninety-five percent of samples had detectable concentrations of 3-PBA (limit of detection [LOD]: 0.1 μg/L); 8% of 4-F-3-PBA (LOD: 0.1 μg/L), and 12% of trans-DCCA (LOD: 0.6 μg/L). In adjusted models, green housing was not associated with statistically significant differences in children's 3-PBA urinary concentrations compared to non-green housing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Derek W Werthmann
- Tulane University, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA.
| | - Felicia A Rabito
- Tulane University, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Daniel M Stout
- Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Nicolle S Tulve
- Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Gary Adamkiewicz
- Harvard University, T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Antonia M Calafat
- Division of Laboratory Sciences, National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Maria Ospina
- Division of Laboratory Sciences, National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Ginger L Chew
- Division of Environmental Health Science and Practice, National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Sowers TD, Nelson CM, Diamond GL, Blackmon MD, Jerden ML, Kirby AM, Noerpel MR, Scheckel KG, Thomas DJ, Bradham KD. High Lead Bioavailability of Indoor Dust Contaminated with Paint Lead Species. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2021; 55:402-411. [PMID: 33307690 PMCID: PMC8204915 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.0c06908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
House dust and soils can be major sources of lead (Pb) exposure for children. The American Healthy Homes Survey (AHHS) was developed to estimate Pb exposure from house dust and soil, in addition to other potential household contaminants and allergens. We have combined X-ray absorption spectroscopic (XAS) fingerprinting and in vivo mouse relative bioavailability (RBA) measurements for a subset of house dust and residential soils collected in the AHHS, with the primary objective of gaining a better understanding of determinants of house dust Pb bioavailability. Lead speciation was well related to variations in RBA results and revealed that highly bioavailable Pb (hydroxy)carbonate (indicative of Pb-based paint) was the major Pb species present in house dusts. Measured Pb RBA was up to 100% and is likely driven by paint Pb. To our knowledge, this is the first report of in vivo Pb RBA for U.S. house dust contaminated in situ with paint Pb and corroborates results from a previous study that demonstrated high RBA of paint Pb added to soil. We also report a relatively low RBA (23%) in a residential soil where the major Pb species was found to be plumbojarosite, consistent with a previous report that plumbojarosite lowers Pb RBA in soils.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tyler D. Sowers
- Center of Environmental Measurement and Modeling, Office of Research and Development, US Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711, US
| | - Clay M. Nelson
- SRC, Inc., North Syracuse, New York 13212, United States
| | | | - Matt D. Blackmon
- Center of Environmental Measurement and Modeling, Office of Research and Development, US Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711, US
| | - Marissa L. Jerden
- Jacobs Technology, Inc., 109 T.W. Alexander Drive, RTP, North Carolina 27711, US
| | - Alicia M. Kirby
- Oak Ridge Associated Universities, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37830, US
| | - Matthew R. Noerpel
- Center for Environmental Solutions & Emergency Response, Office of Research and Development, US Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, Ohio 45268, US
| | - Kirk G. Scheckel
- Center for Environmental Solutions & Emergency Response, Office of Research and Development, US Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, Ohio 45268, US
| | - David J. Thomas
- Center for Computational Toxicology & Exposure, Office of Research and Development, US Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711, US
| | - Karen D. Bradham
- Center of Environmental Measurement and Modeling, Office of Research and Development, US Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711, US
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Oladipupo SO, Hu XP, Appel AG. Essential Oil Components in Superabsorbent Polymer Gel Modify Reproduction of Blattella germanica (Blattodea: Ectobiidae). JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY 2020; 113:2436-2447. [PMID: 32614042 DOI: 10.1093/jee/toaa139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The use of essential oil components (EOCs) against the German cockroach, Blattella germanica (L.), has increasingly received attention from researchers. However, the determination of lethal doses/concentrations alone does not provide enough information on the range of biological effects of these EOCs. To improve our understanding of the potential effects of EOCs, we examined biological parameters of B. germanica exposed to sublethal EOCs formulated in gels. This study employed superabsorbent polymer (SAP) gel to prolong bioavailability of limonene, carvacrol, and β-thujaplicin, and evaluated how these EOCs shape biological parameters of B. germanica. Overall, median survival days ranged from 57 to 69.5 d for males and 73 to 99 d for females. The survival day ranking for the EOCs was limonene > β-thujaplicin > carvacrol. Carvacrol and β-thujaplicin gels reduced male longevity by at least 34 and 39%, respectively, while limonene had no effect. The longevity of females was reduced by limonene, but not by carvacrol and β-thujaplicin gels. EOCs significantly suppressed overall adult females' reproductive period, oothecal hatchability, reduced fecundity, and interoothecal period, but not the number of oothecae formed and egg incubation period. The preoviposition period (mean: 2-25 d) ranking was limonene < carvacrol < β-thujaplicin. Based on these results, limonene, carvacrol, and β-thujaplicin in SAP gels show promising potential to reduce adult male survival/longevity, suppress egg hatchability and female fecundity, and delay the interoothecal period. These findings may represent the basis for the practical use of EOCs as a tactic in integrated pest management systems for B. germanica.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S O Oladipupo
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, Auburn University, Auburn, AL
| | - X P Hu
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, Auburn University, Auburn, AL
| | - A G Appel
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, Auburn University, Auburn, AL
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Oudejans L, Mysz A, Gibb Snyder E, Wyrzykowska-Ceradini B, Nardin J, Tabor D, Starr J, Stout D, Lemieux P. Remediating Indoor Pesticide Contamination from Improper Pest Control Treatments: Persistence and Decontamination Studies. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2020; 397:122743. [PMID: 32361138 PMCID: PMC7472880 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.122743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2019] [Revised: 04/07/2020] [Accepted: 04/13/2020] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The improper and excessive use of pesticides in indoor environments can result in adverse human health effects, sometimes necessitating decontamination of residential or commercial buildings. A lack of information on effective approaches to remediate pesticide residues prompted the decontamination and persistence studies described in this study. Decontamination studies evaluated the effectiveness of liquid-based surface decontaminants against pesticides on indoor surfaces. Building materials were contaminated with 25-2,400 μg/100cm2 of the pesticides malathion, carbaryl, fipronil, deltamethrin, and permethrin. Decontaminants included both off-the-shelf and specialized solutions representing various chemistries. Pesticides included in this study were found to be highly persistent in a dark indoor environment with surface concentrations virtually unchanged after 140 days. Indoor light conditions degraded some of the pesticides, but estimated half-lives exceeded the study period. Decontamination efficacy results indicated that the application of household bleach or a hydrogen peroxide-based decontaminant offered the highest efficacy, reducing malathion, fipronil, and deltamethrin by >94-99% on some surfaces. Bleach effectively degraded permethrin (>94%), but not carbaryl (<70%) while the hydrogen peroxide containing products degraded carbaryl (>71-99%) but not permethrin (<54%). These results will inform responders, the general public and public health officials on potential decontamination solutions to remediate indoor surfaces.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lukas Oudejans
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, Center for Environmental Solutions & Emergency Response, Homeland Security & Materials Management Division, 109 TW Alexander Dr, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27709, United States.
| | - Amy Mysz
- U.S. EPA, Region 5, 77 W. Jackson Blvd, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Emily Gibb Snyder
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, Center for Environmental Solutions & Emergency Response, Homeland Security & Materials Management Division, 109 TW Alexander Dr, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27709, United States
| | | | - Joshua Nardin
- Jacobs Technology Inc., 600 William Northern Blvd, Tullahoma, TN, 37388, United States
| | - Dennis Tabor
- U.S. EPA, Office of Research and Development, Center for Environmental Measurement & Modeling, Air Methods & Characterization Division, 109 TW Alexander Dr, Research Triangle Park, NC, United States
| | - James Starr
- U.S. EPA, Office of Research and Development, Center for Environmental Measurement & Modeling/Watershed & Ecosystem Characterization Division, 109 TW Alexander Dr, Research Triangle Park, NC, United States
| | - Daniel Stout
- U.S. EPA, Office of Research and Development, Center for Environmental Measurement & Modeling/Watershed & Ecosystem Characterization Division, 109 TW Alexander Dr, Research Triangle Park, NC, United States
| | - Paul Lemieux
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, Center for Environmental Solutions & Emergency Response, Homeland Security & Materials Management Division, 109 TW Alexander Dr, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27709, United States
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Furlong MA, Paul KC, Yan Q, Chuang YH, Cockburn MG, Bronstein JM, Horvath S, Ritz B. An epigenome-wide association study of ambient pyrethroid pesticide exposures in California's central valley. Int J Hyg Environ Health 2020; 229:113569. [PMID: 32679516 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijheh.2020.113569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2019] [Revised: 05/08/2020] [Accepted: 05/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pyrethroid pesticide use is increasing worldwide, although the full extent of associated health effects is unknown. An epigenome-wide association study (EWAS) with exploratory pathway analysis may help identify potential pyrethroid-related health effects. METHODS We performed an exploratory EWAS of chronic ambient pyrethroid exposure using control participants' blood in the Parkinson's Environment and Genes Study in the Central Valley of California (N = 237). We estimated associations of living and working near agricultural pyrethroid pesticide applications in the past 5 years (binary) with site-specific differential methylation, and used a false discovery rate (FDR) cut off of 0.05 for significance. We controlled for age, sex, education, cell count, and an ancestral marker for Hispanic ethnicity. We normalized methylation values for Type I/II probe bias using Beta-Mixture Quantile (BMIQ) normalization, filtered out cross-reactive probes, and evaluated for remaining bias with Surrogate Variable Analysis (SVA). We also evaluated the effects of controlling for cell count and normalizing for Type I/II probe bias by comparing changes in effect estimates and p-values for the top hits across BMIQ and GenomeStudio normalization methods, and controlling for cell count. To facilitate broader interpretation, we annotated genes to the CpG sites and performed gene set overrepresentation analysis, using genes annotated to CpG sites that were associated with pyrethroids at a raw p < 0.05, and controlling for background representation of CpG sites on the chip. We did this for both a biological process context (Gene Ontology terms) using missMethyl, and a disease set context using WebGestalt. For these gene set overrepresentation analyses we also used an FDR cut off of 0.05 for significance of gene sets. RESULTS After controlling for cell count and applying BMIQ normalization, 4 CpG sites were differentially methylated in relation to pyrethroid exposures. When using GenomeStudio's Illumina normalization, 415 CpG sites were differentially methylated, including all four identified with the BMIQ method. In the gene set overrepresentation analyses, we identified 6 GO terms using BMIQ normalization, and 76 using Illumina normalization, including the 6 identified by BMIQ. For disease sets, we identified signals for Alzheimer's disease, leukemia and several other cancers, diabetes, birth defects, and other diseases, for both normalization methods. We identified minimal changes in effect estimates after controlling for cell count, and controlling for cell count generally weakened p-values. BMIQ normalization, however, resulted in different beta coefficients and weakened p-values. CONCLUSIONS Chronic ambient pyrethroid exposure is associated with differential methylation at CpG sites that annotate to a wide variety of disease states and biological mechanisms that align with prior research. However, this EWAS also implicates several novel diseases for future investigation, and highlights the relative importance of different background normalization methods in identifying associations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Melissa A Furlong
- Department of Community, Environment, and Policy, University of Arizona Mel and Enid Zuckerman College of Public Health, Tucson, AZ, USA.
| | - Kimberly C Paul
- Department of Epidemiology, UCLA Fielding School of Public Health, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Qi Yan
- Department of Epidemiology, UCLA Fielding School of Public Health, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Yu-Hsuan Chuang
- Department of Epidemiology, UCLA Fielding School of Public Health, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Myles G Cockburn
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, CA, USA
| | - Jeff M Bronstein
- Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Steve Horvath
- Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Department of Biostatistics, UCLA Fielding School of Public Health, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Beate Ritz
- Department of Epidemiology, UCLA Fielding School of Public Health, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Addissie YA, Kruszka P, Troia A, Wong ZC, Everson JL, Kozel BA, Lipinski RJ, Malecki KMC, Muenke M. Prenatal exposure to pesticides and risk for holoprosencephaly: a case-control study. Environ Health 2020; 19:65. [PMID: 32513280 PMCID: PMC7278164 DOI: 10.1186/s12940-020-00611-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2019] [Accepted: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pesticide exposure during susceptible windows and at certain doses are linked to numerous birth defects. Early experimental evidence suggests an association between active ingredients in pesticides and holoprosencephaly (HPE), the most common malformation of the forebrain in humans (1 in 250 embryos). No human studies to date have examined the association. This study investigated pesticides during multiple windows of exposure and fetal risk for HPE. It is hypothesized that pre-conception and early pregnancy, the time of brain development in utero, are the most critical windows of exposure. METHODS A questionnaire was developed for this retrospective case-control study to estimate household, occupational, and environmental pesticide exposures. Four windows of exposure were considered: preconception, early, mid and late pregnancy. Cases were identified through the National Human Genome Research Institute's ongoing clinical studies of HPE. Similarly, controls were identified as children with Williams-Beuren syndrome, a genetic syndrome also characterized by congenital malformations, but etiologically unrelated to HPE. We assessed for differences in odds of exposures to pesticides between cases and controls. RESULTS Findings from 91 cases and 56 controls showed an increased risk for HPE with reports of maternal exposure during pregnancy to select pesticides including personal insect repellants (adjusted odds ratio (aOR) 2.89, confidence interval (CI): 0.96-9.50) and insecticides and acaricides for pets (aOR 3.84, CI:1.04-16.32). Exposure to household pest control products during the preconception period or during pregnancy was associated with increased risk for HPE (aOR 2.60, OR: 0.84-8.68). No associations were found for occupational exposures to pesticides during pregnancy (aOR: 1.15, CI: 0.11-11.42), although exposure rates were low. Higher likelihood for HPE was also observed with residency next to an agricultural field (aOR 3.24, CI: 0.94-12.31). CONCLUSIONS Observational findings are consistent with experimental evidence and suggest that exposure to personal, household, and agricultural pesticides during pregnancy may increase risk for HPE. Further investigations of gene by environment interactions are warranted.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yonit A Addissie
- Medical Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, The National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Paul Kruszka
- Medical Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, The National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
| | - Angela Troia
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, The National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Zoë C Wong
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, The National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Joshua L Everson
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
- Molecular and Environmental Toxicology Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Beth A Kozel
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, The National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Robert J Lipinski
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
- Molecular and Environmental Toxicology Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Kristen M C Malecki
- Molecular and Environmental Toxicology Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
- Department of Population Health Sciences, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Maximilian Muenke
- Medical Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, The National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Nakagawa LE, do Nascimento CM, Costa AR, Polatto R, Papini S. Persistence of indoor permethrin and estimation of dermal and non-dietary exposure. JOURNAL OF EXPOSURE SCIENCE & ENVIRONMENTAL EPIDEMIOLOGY 2020; 30:547-553. [PMID: 30926895 DOI: 10.1038/s41370-019-0132-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2018] [Revised: 01/07/2019] [Accepted: 02/15/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Pesticides applied indoors may persist longer than they would in outdoor environments, making people more vulnerable to the risk of exposure. Permethrin is a pyrethroid insecticide used in agricultural, residential, and public health sites, and is commonly detected in indoor environments. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the persistence of permethrin indoors and to estimate the levels of possible dermal and non-dietary exposure to this insecticide. Permethrin was applied on aluminum foil and kept in a glass chamber and a test house for 112 days; its concentration was measured at application and after 28, 56, and 112 days. Permethrin persisted for the entire 112 days in concentrations equal to a maximum of 89.6% of the initial concentration. We observed low levels of human dermal and non-dietary exposure to permethrin.
Collapse
|
22
|
Starr JM, Li W, Graham SE, Shen H, Waldron F. Is food type important for in vitro post ingestion bioaccessibility models of polychlorinated biphenyls sorbed to soil? THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 704:135421. [PMID: 31806324 PMCID: PMC7051099 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.135421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2019] [Revised: 11/04/2019] [Accepted: 11/05/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Soils are sorbents for many organic compounds and children consume relatively large amounts of soil. To improve the estimated health risks from this exposure pathway, we examined the role of co-ingested foods in determining the post-ingestion bioaccessibility (mobilization) of 18 polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) sorbed to 10 characterized soils. The bioaccessibility test system (DIN 19738, 2004) was an in vitro, 3-compartment, digestive tract containing salts, protein, and bile. Each soil was fortified with PCBs, then, digestive fluids appropriate to each compartment, were added sequentially. Next, digestive fluid and soil were seperated and PCB concentrations in both media were measured. This complete test system was then reduced to assess contributions of individual endogenous digestive fluid constituents (water, salts, pancreatin, bile, and mucin) and representative foods: protein (bovine serum albumin (BSA)), sugar (glucose), and fat (oleic acid). Then, the influence of increasing concentrations of BSA, glucose, and oleic acid was evaluated (individually) complete test systems. In a subset of the samples, solid phase microextraction (SPME) was used to measure freely dissolved PCBs. Across all treatments, percent soil organic carbon was the most influential bioaccessibility determinant, accounting for ≥87% of the explained variation. When evaluated individually, pancreatin, mucin, BSA, bile, and oleic acid each effectively increased PCB bioaccessibility and reduced freely dissolved PCB concentrations. This suggests competitive sorption of PCBs by organic constituents of the digestive constituents. Without sink material, intra-PCB mobilization differences were observed as freely dissolved PCB concentrations inversely correlated (p < 0.05) with their respective log Kow's. When added to the complete digestive fluid, increasing oleic acid mass increased PCB bioaccessibility (p < 0.05), while adding more BSA or glucose did not (p > 0.05). This indicates that fat intake may be the sole consideration needed when modeling dietary contributions to bioaccessibility of soil sorbed PCBs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- James M Starr
- United States Environmental Protection Agency, National Exposure Research Laboratory, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA.
| | - Weiwei Li
- Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education Fellow at the United States Environmental Protection Agency, National Exposure Research Laboratory, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, USA
| | - Stephen E Graham
- United States Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Haitao Shen
- Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 3399 Binsheng Road, 310051 Hangzhou, China
| | - Faith Waldron
- Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education Fellow at the United States Environmental Protection Agency, National Exposure Research Laboratory, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, USA
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Boronow KE, Perovich LJ, Sweeney L, Yoo JS, Rudel RA, Brown P, Brody JG. Privacy Risks of Sharing Data from Environmental Health Studies. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2020; 128:17008. [PMID: 31922426 PMCID: PMC7015543 DOI: 10.1289/ehp4817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2018] [Revised: 12/04/2019] [Accepted: 12/05/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sharing research data uses resources effectively; enables large, diverse data sets; and supports rigor and reproducibility. However, sharing such data increases privacy risks for participants who may be re-identified by linking study data to outside data sets. These risks have been investigated for genetic and medical records but rarely for environmental data. OBJECTIVES We evaluated how data in environmental health (EH) studies may be vulnerable to linkage and we investigated, in a case study, whether environmental measurements could contribute to inferring latent categories (e.g., geographic location), which increases privacy risks. METHODS We identified 12 prominent EH studies, reviewed the data types collected, and evaluated the availability of outside data sets that overlap with study data. With data from the Household Exposure Study in California and Massachusetts and the Green Housing Study in Boston, Massachusetts, and Cincinnati, Ohio, we used k-means clustering and principal component analysis to investigate whether participants' region of residence could be inferred from measurements of chemicals in household air and dust. RESULTS All 12 studies included at least two of five data types that overlap with outside data sets: geographic location (9 studies), medical data (9 studies), occupation (10 studies), housing characteristics (10 studies), and genetic data (7 studies). In our cluster analysis, participants' region of residence could be inferred with 80%-98% accuracy using environmental measurements with original laboratory reporting limits. DISCUSSION EH studies frequently include data that are vulnerable to linkage with voter lists, tax and real estate data, professional licensing lists, and ancestry websites, and exposure measurements may be used to identify subgroup membership, increasing likelihood of linkage. Thus, unsupervised sharing of EH research data potentially raises substantial privacy risks. Empirical research can help characterize risks and evaluate technical solutions. Our findings reinforce the need for legal and policy protections to shield participants from potential harms of re-identification from data sharing. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP4817.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Laura J. Perovich
- Silent Spring Institute, Newton, Massachusetts, USA
- MIT Media Lab, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Latanya Sweeney
- Department of Government, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Ji Su Yoo
- Department of Government, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | - Phil Brown
- Department of Sociology and Anthropology and Department of Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
Personne S, Marcelo P, Pilard S, Baltora-Rosset S, Corona A, Robidel F, Lecomte A, Brochot C, Bach V, Zeman F. Determination of maternal and foetal distribution of cis- and trans-permethrin isomers and their metabolites in pregnant rats by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Anal Bioanal Chem 2019; 411:8043-8052. [PMID: 31748895 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-019-02157-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2019] [Revised: 08/05/2019] [Accepted: 09/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
We developed a method to quantify cis-permethrin and trans-permethrin and their metabolites in several biological matrices in pregnant rats and foetuses using liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). The objective was to quantify cis-permethrin and trans-permethrin in faeces, kidney, mammary gland, fat and placenta in mothers and in both maternal and foetal blood, brain and liver. The metabolites cis-3-(2,2-dichlorovinyl)-2,2-dimethyl-(1-cyclopropane) carboxylic acid (cis-DCCA), trans-3-(2,2-dichlorovinyl)-2,2-dimethyl-(1-cyclopropane) carboxylic acid (trans-DCCA) and 3-phenoxybenzoic acid (3-PBA) were measured in blood, liver and urine. Sample preparation was performed by liquid-liquid extraction. A purification step was not carried out except for the more complex biological samples (fat, mammary glands and faeces). Validation parameters including specificity, linearity, matrix effect, limits of quantification (LOQs), accuracy and precision were evaluated. The recoveries of target compounds ranged from 47 to 136%. LOQs were in the range 4 to 80 ng/mL for permethrin isomers and 4 to 800 ng/mL for their respective metabolites. Intra- and inter-batch precision and accuracy in matrix were better than 15%. The validated method was applied in a preliminary toxicokinetic study in pregnant rats with oral dosing of 50 mg/kg permethrin. In pregnant rats, permethrin isomers and their metabolites were quantified in all requested matrices except maternal liver and blood for trans-permethrin and cis-DCCA respectively. In foetuses, cis- and trans-permethrin were also quantified, demonstrating that the method is suitable for the analysis of foetal distribution of permethrin in toxicokinetic studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stéphane Personne
- PériTox, UMR_I 01, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, CURS, Présidence UPJV, chemin du Thil, 80025, Amiens, France
- Institut National de l'Environnement Industriel et des Risques (INERIS), Unité Modèles pour l'Ecotoxicologie et la Toxicologie (METO), Parc ALATA BP2, 60550, Verneuil-en-Halatte, France
| | - Paulo Marcelo
- Plateforme ICAP, ICP FR CNRS 3085, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, 80054, Amiens, France
| | - Serge Pilard
- Plateforme analytique, ICP FR CNRS 3085, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, 80039, Amiens, France
| | | | - Aurélie Corona
- PériTox, UMR_I 01, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, CURS, Présidence UPJV, chemin du Thil, 80025, Amiens, France
| | - Franck Robidel
- Institut National de l'Environnement Industriel et des Risques (INERIS), Unité Toxicologie Expérimentale (TOXI), Parc ALATA BP2, 60550, Verneuil-en-Halatte, France
| | - Anthony Lecomte
- Institut National de l'Environnement Industriel et des Risques (INERIS), Unité Toxicologie Expérimentale (TOXI), Parc ALATA BP2, 60550, Verneuil-en-Halatte, France
| | - Céline Brochot
- Institut National de l'Environnement Industriel et des Risques (INERIS), Unité Modèles pour l'Ecotoxicologie et la Toxicologie (METO), Parc ALATA BP2, 60550, Verneuil-en-Halatte, France
| | - Véronique Bach
- PériTox, UMR_I 01, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, CURS, Présidence UPJV, chemin du Thil, 80025, Amiens, France
| | - Florence Zeman
- Institut National de l'Environnement Industriel et des Risques (INERIS), Unité Modèles pour l'Ecotoxicologie et la Toxicologie (METO), Parc ALATA BP2, 60550, Verneuil-en-Halatte, France.
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Lahmar R, Berny P, Mahjoub T, Ben Youssef S. Animal Pesticide Poisoning in Tunisia. Front Vet Sci 2019; 6:369. [PMID: 31750320 PMCID: PMC6848385 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2019.00369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2019] [Accepted: 10/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
During the period from 2014 to 2017, a retrospective study on pesticide poisoning in domestic animals and livestock was compiled and then analyzed. A total of 71 pesticide analyses have been submitted to the Pharmacy and Toxicology Laboratory of the School of Veterinary Medicine of Sidi Thabet in Tunisia. All the cases were first referred either through the clinical and/or pathological departments of the Veterinary School, the private and/or governmental veterinarians or directly by the pet owners. Among the total number of the suspected samples, 21 (29.6%) cases were found positive for various kinds of pesticides. Carbamate insecticides were the most frequently implicated pesticide (52.4% of the total positive cases), followed by organophosphate insecticides (19%), then rodenticides-anticoagulants and rodenticides non-anticoagulants (14.3% each). Therefore, carbamates and organophosphates are the most implicated group of pesticides in intoxications (71.4%). Among the 21 positive cases were 11 dogs, 4 cats, 3 poultry, 2 ruminants, and 1 case of bee poisoning. Partition chromatography (HPLC) has been used to characterize the incriminated pesticides. The aim of this survey was to determine incidence and characteristics of pesticide poisoning in domestic and farm animals in Tunisia. The reported results are useful for epidemiological cartography and medical management of intoxicated animals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rym Lahmar
- Pharmacy-Toxicology, University of Manouba, National School of Veterinary Medicine of Sidi Thabet, Sidi Thabet, Tunisia
| | - Philippe Berny
- Pharmacy-Toxicology, Université de Lyon, VetAgro Sup, Lyon, France
| | - Tarek Mahjoub
- Biochemistry, University of Manouba, National School of Veterinary Medicine of Sidi Thabet, Sidi Thabet, Tunisia
| | - Samir Ben Youssef
- Pharmacy-Toxicology, University of Manouba, National School of Veterinary Medicine of Sidi Thabet, Sidi Thabet, Tunisia
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Wang C, Eiden A, Cooper R, Zha C, Wang D, Reilly E. Changes in Indoor Insecticide Residue Levels after Adopting an Integrated Pest Management Program to Control German Cockroach Infestations in an Apartment Building. INSECTS 2019; 10:insects10090304. [PMID: 31540434 PMCID: PMC6780151 DOI: 10.3390/insects10090304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2019] [Revised: 09/09/2019] [Accepted: 09/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Insecticide use in homes leads to human exposure to insecticide residues that persist in the environment. Integrated pest management (IPM) programs have been known to be more environmentally friendly for managing German cockroach (Blattella germanica L.) infestations, but their effect on indoor insecticide residue levels are not well understood. An IPM program consisting of applying cockroach gel baits and placing insect sticky traps as the primary treatment methods were implemented. Floor wipe samples were collected from the bedroom and kitchen floors of 69 apartments with German cockroach infestations at 0 months and again at 12 months from 49 of the 69 apartments sampled at 0 months. Levels of 18 insecticide residues were measured. The mean insecticide residue concentration per apartment decreased by 74% after 12 months. The number of insecticides detected per apartment decreased from 2.5 ± 0.2 to 1.5 ± 0.2 (mean ± standard error). Indoxacarb residue was only detected in two apartments at 12 months despite the fact that an average of 32 ± 4 g 0.6% indoxacarb gel bait was applied per apartment. IPM implementation can result in significant reduction in the insecticide residue concentrations and number of detected insecticides in floor dust samples.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Changlu Wang
- Department of Entomology, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA.
| | - Amanda Eiden
- Department of Entomology, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
| | - Richard Cooper
- Department of Entomology, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
| | - Chen Zha
- Department of Entomology, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
| | - Desen Wang
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Pesticide Innovation and Application of Guangdong Province, Department of Entomology, College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Ed Reilly
- New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection, Trenton, NJ 08625, USA
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Béranger R, Billoir E, Nuckols JR, Blain J, Millet M, Bayle ML, Combourieu B, Philip T, Schüz J, Fervers B. Agricultural and domestic pesticides in house dust from different agricultural areas in France. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 26:19632-19645. [PMID: 31079297 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-05313-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2018] [Accepted: 04/26/2019] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Pesticides have been associated with various pathologies, and there is growing evidence of pesticide presence in domestic environments. However, most available studies focused on a limited number of pesticides or households, and few have been conducted in Europe. We aimed to assess indoor pesticide contamination by screening the prevalence of 276 pesticides and ten pesticide metabolites, in French households from different agricultural and urban areas. We sampled indoor dust from 239 households in 2012, proximate to orchards (n = 69), cereals (n = 66) and vineyard (n = 68) crops, or from urban area (n = 36). we used cellulose wipes moistened with isopropanol and polypropylene dust traps to collect recent (7 and 30 days, respectively) and settled dust (> 6 months). Overall, 125 pesticides and piperonyl butoxide were detected at least once in households, mostly at low prevalence: 97 in recent dust, and 111 in settled dust. In recent dust, the most prevalent compounds were o-phenylphenol (168 households, 70%), pentachlorophenol (86, 36%), and piperonyl butoxide (82, 34%). In addition to agricultural pesticides, we found a high proportion of domestic and banned compounds in recent and settled house dust. Several pesticides were identified in house dust, from different pesticide groups and sources. Our results suggest that domestic usage and persistence of banned pesticides may contribute substantially to indoor pesticide contamination. Graphical abstract 97 pesticides detected in households' recent indoor dust.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rémi Béranger
- Department of Cancer and Environment, Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, France.
- Section of Environment and Radiation, International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), Lyon, France.
- Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France.
| | - Elise Billoir
- Rovaltain Research Company, Valence, France
- Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire des Environnements Continentaux (LIEC), Université de Lorraine, CNRS UMR, 7360, Metz, France
| | - John R Nuckols
- Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
- Principal, JRN Environmental Health Sciences, Ltd, Bethesda, North, MD, USA
| | - Jeffrey Blain
- Department of Cancer and Environment, Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, France
| | - Maurice Millet
- Institut de Chimie et Procédés pour l'Energie, l'Environnement et la Santé (ICPEES, UMR 7515 CNRS), University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | | | | | - Thierry Philip
- Department of Cancer and Environment, Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, France
| | - Joachim Schüz
- Section of Environment and Radiation, International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), Lyon, France
| | - Beatrice Fervers
- Department of Cancer and Environment, Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, France
- Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France
- INSERM U1052, CNRS 5286, Centre Léon Bérard, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, Cedex 08, F-69008, Lyon, France
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Ding Z, Yi Y, Xu F, Zhang Q, Xu X, Wang W. Mechanistic and Kinetic Study of Atmospheric Oxidation of Chlordane Initiated by OH Radicals. LETT ORG CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.2174/1570178615666181106125208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Chlordane, one of the extremely hazardous Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs), was widely
used as pesticides all over the world and its residues have been detected at high concentrations in
many areas. As a species of Semi-Volatile Organic Compounds (SVOCs), chlordane exists mainly in
the atmosphere where it can be migrated and transformed. Due to the carcinogenic and mutagenic
properties, understanding its atmospheric fate is of great significance. In the present work, the oxidation
mechanism of chlordane initiated by OH radicals under the atmospheric conditions was investigated
by using Density Functional Theory (DFT). The geometrical structures were optimized at the M06-
2X/6-311+g(d,p) level and single-point energies were calculated at the M06-2X/6-311+g(3df,2p) level.
The relevant rate constants of the key elementary reactions were calculated by using Rice-Ramsperger-
Kassel-Marcus (RRKM) theory at 298 K and 1 atm. All of the energetically favorable pathways were
discussed in detail, and theoretical results showed that the oxidation products are dichlorochlordene,
hydroxychlrodane, cycloketone and dichloracyl. Combined with available experimental observation,
this study can, therefore, help to clarify the atmospheric fate of chlordane.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhezheng Ding
- Environment Research Institute, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Yayi Yi
- Environment Research Institute, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Fei Xu
- Environment Research Institute, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Qingzhu Zhang
- Environment Research Institute, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Xiaoli Xu
- School of Environment Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Wenxing Wang
- Environment Research Institute, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Fardisi M, Gondhalekar AD, Ashbrook AR, Scharf ME. Rapid evolutionary responses to insecticide resistance management interventions by the German cockroach (Blattella germanica L.). Sci Rep 2019; 9:8292. [PMID: 31165746 PMCID: PMC6549143 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-44296-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2018] [Accepted: 05/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The German cockroach (Blattella germanica L.) is a worldwide pest that lives exclusively in human environments. B. germanica threatens human health by producing asthma-triggering allergens, vectoring pathogenic/antibiotic-resistant microbes, and by contributing to unhealthy indoor environments. While insecticides are essential for reducing cockroach populations and improving health outcomes, insecticide resistance has been a consistent barrier to cockroach control since the 1950s. We conducted seminal field studies to compare three insecticide resistance intervention strategies for cockroaches and evaluated resistance evolution across multiple generations. Using pre-treatment resistance assessment to drive decisions, we found that single active ingredient (AI) treatments can successfully eliminate cockroaches if starting resistance levels are low. We further established that rotation treatments intuitively reduce selection pressure, and are effective when insecticides with no/low resistance are used. We also found that mixture products containing thiamethoxam + λ-cyhalothrin AIs were universally ineffective and highly repellent; and finally, evolution of cross-resistance among AIs is a significant, previously unrealized challenge.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mahsa Fardisi
- Purdue University, Department of Entomology, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | | | - Aaron R Ashbrook
- Purdue University, Department of Entomology, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Michael E Scharf
- Purdue University, Department of Entomology, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Mussel-inspired immobilization of silver nanoparticles toward sponge for rapid swabbing extraction and SERS detection of trace inorganic explosives. Talanta 2019; 204:189-197. [PMID: 31357281 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2019.05.110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2019] [Revised: 05/28/2019] [Accepted: 05/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
It is fairly crucial to detect inorganic explosives through a sensitive and fast method in the field of public safety, nevertheless, the high non-volatility and stability characteristics severely confine their accurate on-site detection from a real-world surface. In this work, an efficient, simple and cost effective method was developed to fabricate uniform silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) immobilized on polyurethane (PU) sponge through the in-situ reduction of polydopamine (PDA) based on mussel-inspired surface chemistry, in virtue of a large quantities catechol and amine functional groups. The formed PU@PDA@Ag sponges exhibited high SERS sensitivity, uniformity and reproducibility to 4-Aminothiophenol (4-ATP) probe molecule, and the limit of detection was calculated to be about 0.02 nmol L-1. Moreover, these PU@PDA@Ag sponges could be served as excellent flexible SERS substrates to rapidly detect trace inorganic explosives with high collection efficiency via swabbing extraction. The detection limit for perchlorates (ClO4-), chlorates (ClO3-) and nitrates (NO3-) were approximately down to 0.13, 0.13 and 0.11 ng respectively. These flexible substrates not only could drastically increase the sample collection efficiency, but also enhance analytical sensitivity and reliability for inorganic explosive, and would have a great potential application in the future homeland security fields.
Collapse
|
31
|
Sadaria AM, Labban CW, Steele JC, Maurer MM, Halden RU. Retrospective nationwide occurrence of fipronil and its degradates in U.S. wastewater and sewage sludge from 2001 - 2016. WATER RESEARCH 2019; 155:465-473. [PMID: 30870636 PMCID: PMC6506233 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2019.02.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2018] [Revised: 02/19/2019] [Accepted: 02/23/2019] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
The insecticide fipronil is under regulatory scrutiny worldwide for its toxicity to pollinators and aquatic invertebrates. We conducted the first U.S. nationwide, longitudinal study of sewage sludges for fiproles, i.e., the sum of fipronil and its major degradates (fipronil sulfone, sulfide, amide, and desulfinyl). Archived sludges (n = 109) collected in three campaigns over 15 years were analyzed by isotope dilution liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry, revealing ubiquitous fiprole occurrence (0.2-385.3 μg/kg) since 2001 and a significant increase (2.4 ± 0.3 fold; p < 0.005) both from 2001 to 2006/7 and from 2001 to 2015/6, but not a significant increase from 2006/7 to 2015/6 (p = 0.275). A geospatial analysis showed fiprole levels in municipal sludges to be uncoupled from agricultural use of fipronil on cropland surrounding sampled municipalities, thus pointing to non-agricultural uses (i.e., spot-on treatment and urban pest control) as a major source of fiprole loading to wastewater. Whereas anaerobic digestion was correlated with increases in fipronil sulfide at the expense of parental fipronil (p < 0.001), total fiprole levels in sewage sludges were similar regardless of the solids treatment approach applied (p = 0.519). Treatment plant effluent available from 12 facilities in 2015/6 contained fiproles at 0.3-112.9 ng/L, exceeding the United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) aquatic invertebrate life benchmark for chronic fipronil exposure (11 ng/L) in 67% of cases. Whereas the USEPA identified fipronil in sludge only recently (2015), retrospective analyses and modeling conducted here show contaminant ubiquity and nationwide increases of fiprole mass (compared to 2001 levels) in U.S. municipal sludge (1140 ± 230 kg in 2015/6), and treated effluent nationwide (1970 ± 390 kg in 2015/6) over the past 15 years.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Akash M Sadaria
- Arizona State University, School of Sustainable Engineering and the Built Environment, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | - Cameron W Labban
- Arizona State University, Biodesign Center for Environmental Health Engineering, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | - Joshua C Steele
- Arizona State University, School of Sustainable Engineering and the Built Environment, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | - Megan M Maurer
- Arizona State University, Biodesign Center for Environmental Health Engineering, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | - Rolf U Halden
- Arizona State University, Biodesign Center for Environmental Health Engineering, Tempe, AZ, USA; Arizona State University, School of Sustainable Engineering and the Built Environment, Tempe, AZ, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Meek EC, Jones DD, Crow JA, Wills RW, Cooke WH, Chambers JE. Association of serum levels of p,p'- Dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene (DDE) with type 2 diabetes in African American and Caucasian adult men from agricultural (Delta) and non-agricultural (non-Delta) regions of Mississippi. JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH. PART A 2019; 82:387-400. [PMID: 31064277 DOI: 10.1080/15287394.2019.1610678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Epidemiological associations were reported in several studies between persistent organochlorine organic pollutants and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D). Mississippi is a highly agricultural state in the USA, particularly the Delta region, with previous high usage of organochlorine (OC) insecticides such as p,p'- dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT). In addition, there is a high proportion of African Americans who display elevated prevalence of T2D. Therefore, this State provides an important dataset for further investigating any relationship between OC compounds and metabolic diseases. The aim of this study was to assess whether soil and serum levels of OC compounds, such as p,p'- dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene (DDE), arising from the heavy historical use of legacy OC insecticides, might serve as an environmental public health indicator for T2D occurrence. Soil samples from 60 Delta and 60 non-Delta sites randomly selected were analyzed for the presence of OC compounds. A retrospective cohort study of adult men (150 from each region) was recruited to provide a blood sample for OC compound quantitation and select demographic and clinical information including T2D. Using multivariable logistic regression, an association was found between increasing serum DDE levels and T2D occurrence in non-Delta participants (those subjects with lower serum DDE levels), as opposed to Delta participants (individuals with higher serum DDE levels). Thus, while there was a relationship between serum DDE levels and T2D in those with lower burdens of DDE, the lack of association in those with higher levels of DDE indicates a complex non-monotonic correlation between serum DDE levels and T2D occurrence complicating the goal of finding a public health marker for T2D. Abbreviations: BMI, body mass index; CVD, cardiovascular disease; CDC, Center for Disease Control, United States of America; DDE, p,p'- dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene; DDT, p,p'- dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane; GC/MS, gas chromatography/mass spectrometry; GIS, geographic information system; GPS, global positioning system; HDL, high-density lipoprotein; HTN, hypertension; IDW, inverse distance weighting; IRB, Institutional Review Board; LDL, low-density lipoprotein; LOQ, limit of quantitation; NHANES, National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys; POPs, persistent organic pollutants; OC, organochlorine; PCB, polychlorinated biphenyl; SIM, single-ion monitoring; T2D, type 2 diabetes mellitus; USA, United States of America.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Edward C Meek
- a Center for Environmental Health Sciences, Department of Basic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine , Mississippi State University , Mississippi State , MS , USA
| | - Dana Dale Jones
- b Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology , GV Sonny Montgomery VA Medical Center , Jackson , MS , USA
| | - J Allen Crow
- a Center for Environmental Health Sciences, Department of Basic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine , Mississippi State University , Mississippi State , MS , USA
| | - Robert W Wills
- c Department of Pathobiology and Population Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine , Mississippi State University , Mississippi State , MS , USA
| | - William H Cooke
- d Department of Geosciences , Mississippi State University , Mississippi State , MS , USA
| | - Janice E Chambers
- a Center for Environmental Health Sciences, Department of Basic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine , Mississippi State University , Mississippi State , MS , USA
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Willison SA, Daniel Stout II, Mysz A, Starr J, Tabor D, Wyrzykowska-Ceradini B, Nardin J, Morris E, Snyder EG. The impact of wipe sampling variables on method performance associated with indoor pesticide misuse and highly contaminated areas. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 655:539-546. [PMID: 30476833 PMCID: PMC7045174 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.11.128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2018] [Revised: 11/06/2018] [Accepted: 11/09/2018] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Pesticide misuse incidents in residential indoor areas are typically associated with misapplications that are inconsistent with the label directions of the product. Surface wipe sampling and analysis procedures are relied upon to evaluate the extent of indoor contamination and the remediation efforts successfully. In general, surface wipe sampling procedures are widely varied, which can complicate the comparison of the results and data interpretation. Wipe sampling parameters were studied for the insecticides malathion and carbaryl. The parameters evaluated include wipe media, wetting solvents, composite sampling, surface concentration, and the influence of differing product formulations. Porous and nonporous surfaces tested include vinyl tile, plywood and painted drywall (porous/permeable) and stainless steel and glass (nonporous/impermeable). Specific wipe materials included pre-packaged sterile-cotton gauze, pre-cleaned cotton twill, cotton balls, and a pre-packaged, pre-wetted wipe. Commercially available insecticide formulations were tested, and the results were compared to surfaces fortified with neat analytes to determine surface recovery results (efficiency). A sampling procedure to measure pesticide residues was developed, and variables associated with the sampling methods were evaluated to clarify how estimations of surface residues are impacted. Malathion recoveries were 73-86% for twill and pre-wetted, pre-packaged isopropanol wipes on nonporous materials. Malathion formulations ranged from 78 to 124% for pre-wetted, pre-packaged isopropanol wipes and cotton gauze wipes on nonporous materials. Carbaryl and carbaryl formulation recoveries were 82-115% and 77-110%, respectively, on nonporous surfaces for all tested wipe materials. While not every wipe sampling variable could be tested, the collected information from this study may be useful and applied to sampling plans for classes of chemicals with similar physicochemical properties.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stuart A Willison
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, National Homeland Security Research Center, 26 Martin Luther King Dr., Cincinnati, OH 45268, United States of America.
| | - I I Daniel Stout
- U.S. EPA, National Exposure Research Laboratory, 109 T.W. Alexander Drive, Durham, NC 27709, United States of America
| | - Amy Mysz
- U.S. EPA, Region 5, 77 W. Jackson Blvd., Chicago, IL 60604, United States of America
| | - James Starr
- U.S. EPA, National Exposure Research Laboratory, 109 T.W. Alexander Drive, Durham, NC 27709, United States of America
| | - Dennis Tabor
- National Risk Management Research Laboratory, 109 T.W. Alexander Drive, Durham, NC 27709, United States of America
| | | | - Josh Nardin
- Jacobs Technology, Inc., 600 William Northern Blvd., Tullahoma, TN 37388, United States of America
| | - Eric Morris
- Jacobs Technology, Inc., 600 William Northern Blvd., Tullahoma, TN 37388, United States of America
| | - Emily Gibb Snyder
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, National Homeland Security Research Center, 26 Martin Luther King Dr., Cincinnati, OH 45268, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Shen H, Li W, Graham SE, Starr JM. The role of soil and house dust physicochemical properties in determining the post ingestion bioaccessibility of sorbed polychlorinated biphenyls. CHEMOSPHERE 2019; 217:1-8. [PMID: 30391787 PMCID: PMC6529950 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.10.195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2018] [Revised: 10/22/2018] [Accepted: 10/28/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Ingestion of soils and house dusts is an important pathway for children's exposure to sorbed organic pollutants such as polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs). To reduce the uncertainty of the exposure estimates, it is important to understand the extent to which chemicals desorb and become bioaccessible following ingestion. In this study we use a three compartment in vitro digestive system to model the role of soil and house dust physicochemical properties on the post ingestion bioaccessibility of PCBs. Matched pairs (n = 37) of soil and dust were characterized for percent carbon and nitrogen, pH, moisture content, and particle size distribution. They were then fortified with a mixture of 18 PCBs and processed through the assay. The percent bioaccessibility of each PCB was calculated, then modeled using individual PCB log Kow values and the soil and dust properties. The bioaccessibility of the PCBs in soil (x̄ = 65 ± 16%) was greater (p < 0.001) than that of the PCBs in house dust (x̄ = 36 ± 14%). In the soil model, carbon was the sole statistically significant predictive (p ≤ 0.05) variable, while in house dust, both carbon and clay content were statistically significant (p ≤ 0.05) predictors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Haitao Shen
- Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 3399 Binsheng Road, 310051, Hangzhou, China
| | - Weiwei Li
- Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education Fellow at the United States Environmental Protection Agency, National Exposure Research Laboratory, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, USA
| | - Stephen E Graham
- United States Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Air Quality Protection Standards, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, USA
| | - James M Starr
- United States Environmental Protection Agency, National Exposure Research Laboratory, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Ye X, Liu J. Effects of pyrethroid insecticides on hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis: A reproductive health perspective. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2019; 245:590-599. [PMID: 30476888 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2018.11.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2018] [Revised: 11/09/2018] [Accepted: 11/09/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Pyrethroids, a class of ubiquitous insecticides, have been recognized as endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs). A lot of studies have implied the endocrine-disrupting effects of pyrethroids on the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis. However, there are few review articles regarding the effects of pyrethroids on the HPG axis of mammal and human, especially new research progress made in this area. The present review sums up the effects of pyrethroids on the HPG axis-related reproductive outcomes, including epidemiological investigations based on human biomonitoring, animal studies and in vitro tests. Mechanisms have described that the endocrine-disrupting effects of pyrethroids on mammal can be mediated via the interaction with steroid receptors, the direct action on ion channels and signaling molecules. Finally, we summarize the current research gaps and suggest future directions in this topic.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqing Ye
- MOE Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Ecosystem Health, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; College of Medical Technology, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China
| | - Jing Liu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Ecosystem Health, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; Research Center for Air Pollution and Health, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
DeVries ZC, Santangelo RG, Crissman J, Mick R, Schal C. Exposure risks and ineffectiveness of total release foggers (TRFs) used for cockroach control in residential settings. BMC Public Health 2019; 19:96. [PMID: 30686267 PMCID: PMC6348656 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-018-6371-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2018] [Accepted: 12/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The German cockroach, Blattella germanica, is one of the most challenging pests to eradicate from indoor environments. Professional pest control is often prohibitively expensive, prompting low-income residents to turn to over-the-counter consumer products, including total release foggers (TRFs, “bug bombs”). Despite their widespread use, little is known regarding either the associated pesticide exposure risks or the efficacy of TRFs. Methods Cockroach-infested homes were recruited into the study. Wipe samples were collected from various surfaces before TRFs were discharged, immediately after, and one month later to determine pesticide exposure risks in 20 homes (divided equally among four different TRF products). Simultaneously, cockroach populations were monitored in all homes to assess the efficacy of TRFs. In parallel, 10 homes were treated with gel baits (divided equally between two bait products), to compare TRFs to a more targeted, low-risk, do-it-yourself intervention strategy. Results TRFs failed to reduce cockroach populations, whereas similarly priced gel baits caused significant declines in the cockroach populations. Use of TRFs resulted in significant pesticide deposits throughout the kitchen. Across all products, pesticides, and horizontal kitchen surfaces, pesticide residues following TRF discharge were 603-times (SEM ±184) higher than baseline, with a median increase of 85 times. Conclusions The high risks of pesticide exposure associated with TRFs combined with their ineffectiveness in controlling German cockroach infestations call into question their utility in the marketplace, especially because similarly priced and much safer bait products are highly effective in the indoor environment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zachary C DeVries
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA. .,Center for Human Health and the Environment, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA. .,W.M. Keck Center for Behavioral Biology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA.
| | - Richard G Santangelo
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Jonathan Crissman
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA.,Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, New York, USA
| | - Russell Mick
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Coby Schal
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA.,Center for Human Health and the Environment, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA.,W.M. Keck Center for Behavioral Biology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Wang J, Lin K, Taylor A, Gan J. In vitro assessment of pyrethroid bioaccessibility via particle ingestion. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2018; 119:125-132. [PMID: 29957354 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2018.05.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2018] [Revised: 05/25/2018] [Accepted: 05/25/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Due to their intensive use in agricultural and residential pest control, human exposure to residues of multiple pyrethroids frequently occurs. Pyrethroids have exceptionally high affinity for solid particles, highlighting the need to understand human exposure through oral ingestion of contaminated soil or dust particles. In this study, we used artificial gastrointestinal fluids to measure the desorption or bioaccessibility of eight current-use pyrethroids in soil and dust samples. Tenax was further included as a sink in parallel treatments to simulate the effect of removal due to transfer of pyrethroids to lipid membranes. The use of 0.4 g of Tenax in 20 mL digestive fluids resulted in rapid and efficient trapping of pyrethroids, and further, greatly increased bioaccessibility. In the artificial digestive fluids without Tenax, 6.0-48.0% of pyrethroids were desorbed over 21 h, and the fractions increased by 1.6-4.1 folds to 21.5-79.3% with the Tenax sink. Therefore, 6.0-79.3% of soil or dust-borne pyrethroids may be considered bioavailable upon ingestion. While protein and sucrose increased the estimated bioaccessibility, co-presence of lipid (vegetable oil) decreased the bioaccessibility of pyrethroids, likely due to competitive phase partition. Pyrethroids were also found to be unstable in the artificial intestinal fluid containing pancreatin, further decreasing the potential bioaccessibility of pyrethroids on soil or dust particles. The limited bioaccessibility should be considered to refine the prediction of human exposure and risk through oral ingestion of pyrethroid residues.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jie Wang
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
| | - Kunde Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Coastal Ecology and Environmental Studies, Center for Marine Environmental Chemistry and Toxicology, College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, 361102 Xiamen, China
| | - Allison Taylor
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
| | - Jay Gan
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Rodríguez JL, Ares I, Martínez M, Martínez-Larrañaga MR, Anadón A, Martínez MA. Bioavailability and nervous tissue distribution of pyrethroid insecticide cyfluthrin in rats. Food Chem Toxicol 2018; 118:220-226. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2018.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2018] [Revised: 05/04/2018] [Accepted: 05/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
|
39
|
One-step green synthesis of colloidal gold nano particles: A potential electrocatalyst towards high sensitive electrochemical detection of methyl parathion in food samples. J Taiwan Inst Chem Eng 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtice.2018.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
|
40
|
Perovich LJ, Ohayon JL, Cousins EM, Morello-Frosch R, Brown P, Adamkiewicz G, Brody JG. Reporting to parents on children's exposures to asthma triggers in low-income and public housing, an interview-based case study of ethics, environmental literacy, individual action, and public health benefits. Environ Health 2018; 17:48. [PMID: 29784007 PMCID: PMC5963109 DOI: 10.1186/s12940-018-0395-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2017] [Accepted: 05/11/2018] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Emerging evidence about the effects of endocrine disruptors on asthma symptoms suggests new opportunities to reduce asthma by changing personal environments. Right-to-know ethics supports returning personal results for these chemicals to participants, so they can make decisions to reduce exposures. Yet researchers and institutional review boards have been reluctant to approve results reports in low-income communities, which are disproportionately affected by asthma. Concerns include limited literacy, lack of resources to reduce exposures, co-occurring stressors, and lack of models for effective reporting. To better understand the ethical and public health implications of returning personal results in low-income communities, we investigated parents' experiences of learning their children's environmental chemical and biomonitoring results in the Green Housing Study of asthma. METHODS The Green Housing Study measured indoor chemical exposures, allergens, and children's asthma symptoms in "green"-renovated public housing and control sites in metro-Boston and Cincinnati in 2011-2013. We developed reports for parents of children in the study, including results for their child and community. We observed community meetings where results were reported, and metro-Boston residents participated in semi-structured interviews in 2015 about their report-back experience. Interviews were systematically coded and analyzed. RESULTS Report-back was positively received, contributed to greater understanding, built trust between researchers and participants, and facilitated action to improve health. Sampling visits and community meetings also contributed to creating a positive study experience for participants. Participants were able to make changes in their homes, such as altering product use and habits that may reduce asthma symptoms, though some faced roadblocks from family members. Participants also gained access to medical resources, though some felt that clinicians were not responsive. Participants wanted larger scale change from government or industry and wanted researchers to leverage study results to achieve change. CONCLUSIONS Report-back on environmental chemical exposures in low-income communities can enhance research benefits by engaging residents with personally relevant information that informs and motivates actions to reduce exposure to asthma triggers. Ethical practices in research should support deliberative report-back in vulnerable communities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laura J. Perovich
- MIT Media Lab, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA USA
- Silent Spring Institute, Newton, MA USA
| | - Jennifer Liss Ohayon
- Silent Spring Institute, Newton, MA USA
- Social Science Environmental Health Research Institute, Northeastern University, Boston, MA USA
| | - Elicia Mayuri Cousins
- Department of Sociology and Anthropology and Social Science Environmental Health Research Institute, Northeastern University, Boston, MA USA
| | - Rachel Morello-Frosch
- Department of Environmental Science, Policy and Management and School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA USA
| | - Phil Brown
- Social Science Environmental Health Research Institute, Northeastern University, Boston, MA USA
| | - Gary Adamkiewicz
- Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, MA USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
41
|
Starr JM, Graham SE, Li W, Gemma AA, Morgan MK. Variability of pyrethroid concentrations on hard surface kitchen flooring in occupied housing. INDOOR AIR 2018; 28:10.1111/ina.12471. [PMID: 29729038 PMCID: PMC6349515 DOI: 10.1111/ina.12471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2017] [Accepted: 04/25/2018] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Pyrethroids are a class of neurotoxic insecticides, and some studies have used single-time wiping of hard surface flooring to estimate indoor pyrethroid concentrations. Considering that human activities may affect concentrations, knowledge of temporal variability is needed to reduce the uncertainty of exposure estimates that are calculated using wipe sampling of pyrethroids in occupied housing. During weeks one, two, and six of a 6-week study, two wipe samples of hard surface kitchen flooring were collected in each of 50 occupied residences and used to estimate the temporal variability of eight pyrethroids and six pyrethroid degradation products. Beginning 1 month prior to sample collection, the participants kept pesticide use diaries. All pyrethroids were widely distributed among the houses, and co-occurrence of multiple pyrethroids was common structured. Application diaries and detection frequencies appeared unconnected, but the applications were correlated with measurable changes in pyrethroid concentrations. In general, degradation products were detected less frequently and at lower concentrations than their parent pyrethroids. Estimates of the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) for individual pyrethroids ranged from 0.55 (bifenthrin) to 0.80 (deltamethrin), and two sampling events at each residence would have been sufficient to estimate the mean concentration of most pyrethroids with an ICC of 0.80.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J M Starr
- National Exposure Research Laboratory, United States Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - S E Graham
- Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards, United States Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - W Li
- National Exposure Research Laboratory, Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education Grantee at the United States Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - A A Gemma
- National Caucus and Center for Black Aged SEE Program at the National Exposure Research Laboratory, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - M K Morgan
- National Exposure Research Laboratory, United States Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
De Roma A, Miletti G, D'Alessio N, Marigliano L, Bruno T, Gallo P, Binato G, Esposito M. Inspective and toxicological survey of the poisoned baits and bites. Forensic Sci Int 2018; 287:108-112. [PMID: 29660673 DOI: 10.1016/j.forsciint.2018.03.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2018] [Revised: 03/21/2018] [Accepted: 03/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Cases of intentional animal poisonings are still widespread in Italy, even if the improper or malicious use of poisoned baits is banned. This represents a serious threat to pets as well as wildlife species, but also an environmental and human health concern. A retrospective study was performed based on baits sent for toxicological analysis to the laboratories of Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Mezzogiorno (IZSM) in Southern Italy over a five year period. Analyses were carried out by using different analytical techniques in relation to the toxicants. Results show a trend different from other countries, as well as from that reported for Northern Italy. The molluscicide metaldehyde proved to be the most common substance detected in our laboratory (63.9%) followed by organochlorine insecticides (29.2%), organophosphine insecticides (11.1%) and anticoagulant rodenticides (9.7%). Other rodenticides, such as strychnine and zinc phosphide were detected only one time in baits. Among the organochlorine insecticide, endosulfan (both alpha and beta isomers) occurred as the main poisoning agent. The incidence of poisoning cases detected in the present survey is extremely alarming and pointed out that actions have to be made to reduce this illegal practice and its environmental impact.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Antonella De Roma
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Mezzogiorno, via Salute 2, 80055, Portici, Napoli, Italy.
| | - Gianluca Miletti
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Mezzogiorno, via Salute 2, 80055, Portici, Napoli, Italy
| | - Nicola D'Alessio
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Mezzogiorno, via Salute 2, 80055, Portici, Napoli, Italy
| | - Laura Marigliano
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Mezzogiorno, via Salute 2, 80055, Portici, Napoli, Italy
| | - Teresa Bruno
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Mezzogiorno, via Salute 2, 80055, Portici, Napoli, Italy
| | - Pasquale Gallo
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Mezzogiorno, via Salute 2, 80055, Portici, Napoli, Italy
| | - Giovanni Binato
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, Viale dell'Università 10, 35010, Legnaro, Padova, Italy
| | - Mauro Esposito
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Mezzogiorno, via Salute 2, 80055, Portici, Napoli, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Tang W, Wang D, Wang J, Wu Z, Li L, Huang M, Xu S, Yan D. Pyrethroid pesticide residues in the global environment: An overview. CHEMOSPHERE 2018; 191:990-1007. [PMID: 29145144 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.10.115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 326] [Impact Index Per Article: 54.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2017] [Revised: 10/17/2017] [Accepted: 10/20/2017] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Pyrethroids are synthetic organic insecticides with low mammalian toxicity that are widely used in both rural and urban areas worldwide. After entering the natural environment, pyrethroids circulate among the three phases of solid, liquid, and gas and enter organisms through food chains, resulting in substantial health risks. This review summarized the available studies on pyrethroid residues since 1986 in different media at the global scale and indicated that pyrethroids have been widely detected in a range of environments (including soils, water, sediments, and indoors) and in organisms. The concentrations and detection rates of agricultural pyrethroids, which always contain α-cyanogroup (α-CN), such as cypermethrin and fenvalerate, decline in the order of crops > sediments > soils > water. Urban pyrethroids (not contain α-CN), such as permethrin, have been detected at high levels in the indoor environment, and 3-phenoxybenzoic acid, a common pyrethroid metabolite in human urine, is frequently detected in the human body. Pyrethroid pesticides accumulate in sediments, which are a source of pyrethroid residues in aquatic products.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wangxin Tang
- College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Di Wang
- College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Jiaqi Wang
- College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Zhengwen Wu
- College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Lingyu Li
- College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Mingli Huang
- College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Shaohui Xu
- College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Dongyun Yan
- College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, China.
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Kaur G, Singh A, Singh A, Kaur N, Singh N. Cobalt complexes of Biginelli derivatives as fluorescent probes for selective estimation and degradation of organophosphates in aqueous medium. Dalton Trans 2018; 47:5595-5606. [DOI: 10.1039/c8dt00150b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Bonding between metal complexes of Biginelli derivatives and organophosphates leads to enhancement of emission intensity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gaganpreet Kaur
- Centre for Nanoscience & Nanotechnology
- Panjab University
- Chandigarh
- India
| | - Amanpreet Singh
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Technology Ropar (IIT Ropar)
- Rupnagar
- India
| | - Ajnesh Singh
- Department of Applied Sciences and Humanities
- Jawaharlal Nehru Government Engineering College
- Mandi
- India
| | - Navneet Kaur
- Department of Chemistry
- Panjab University
- Chandigarh
- India
| | - Narinder Singh
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Technology Ropar (IIT Ropar)
- Rupnagar
- India
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Chiari M, Cortinovis C, Vitale N, Zanoni M, Faggionato E, Biancardi A, Caloni F. Pesticide incidence in poisoned baits: A 10-year report. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2017; 601-602:285-292. [PMID: 28564626 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.05.158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2017] [Revised: 05/16/2017] [Accepted: 05/17/2017] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
The incidence of pesticides in poisoned baits recovered from 2005 to 2014 in Italian northern regions of Emilia Romagna and Lombardy was analysed. A total of 956 baits tested positive for pesticides during the study period. In 9.3% (n=89) of the baits analysed more than one toxic compound was present. Insecticides (53.2%) proved to be the pesticides most commonly involved followed by rodenticides (34.3%), molluscicides (12.3%) and herbicides (0.2%). Among insecticides, the anticholinesterases (organophosphates and carbamates) were the most frequently detected (59.1%, n=412) followed by organochlorines (39.8%; n=277). Anticoagulants proved to be the rodenticides most commonly involved (78.5%; n=353) with many baits containing brodifacoum or bromadiolone, while metaldehyde was the most used molluscicide (88.2%; n=142). A high number of baits contained banned pesticides such as endosulfan, methamidophos, carbofuran and strychnine indicating that the restrictions and the bans on the use of toxic and highly toxic pesticides are not accompanied by a lower use in poisoned baits. The high incidence of banned pesticides detected in the present survey is extremely worrying and poses the question of where and how these compounds were obtained. Efforts have to be made to reduce this illegal practice and its environmental impact. Moreover, education and awareness campaigns should be instituted.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mario Chiari
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell'Emilia Romagna (IZSLER) "Bruno Ubertini", Via Bianchi 7/9, 25124 Brescia, Italy.
| | - Cristina Cortinovis
- Department of Health, Animal Science and Food Safety, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 10, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Nicoletta Vitale
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell'Emilia Romagna (IZSLER) "Bruno Ubertini", Via Bianchi 7/9, 25124 Brescia, Italy
| | - Mariagrazia Zanoni
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell'Emilia Romagna (IZSLER) "Bruno Ubertini", Via Bianchi 7/9, 25124 Brescia, Italy
| | - Elena Faggionato
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell'Emilia Romagna (IZSLER) "Bruno Ubertini", Via Bianchi 7/9, 25124 Brescia, Italy
| | - Alberto Biancardi
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell'Emilia Romagna (IZSLER) "Bruno Ubertini", Via Bianchi 7/9, 25124 Brescia, Italy
| | - Francesca Caloni
- Department of Veterinary Medicine (DIMEVET), Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 10, 20133 Milan, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Dodson RE, Udesky JO, Colton MD, McCauley M, Camann DE, Yau AY, Adamkiewicz G, Rudel RA. Chemical exposures in recently renovated low-income housing: Influence of building materials and occupant activities. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2017; 109:114-127. [PMID: 28916131 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2017.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2017] [Revised: 07/12/2017] [Accepted: 07/13/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Health disparities in low-income communities may be linked to residential exposures to chemicals infiltrating from the outdoors and characteristics of and sources in the home. Indoor sources comprise those introduced by the occupant as well as releases from building materials. To examine the impact of renovation on indoor pollutants levels and to classify chemicals by predominant indoor sources, we collected indoor air and surface wipes from newly renovated "green" low-income housing units in Boston before and after occupancy. We targeted nearly 100 semivolatile organic compounds (SVOCs) and volatile organic compounds (VOCs), including phthalates, flame retardants, fragrance chemicals, pesticides, antimicrobials, petroleum chemicals, chlorinated solvents, and formaldehyde, as well as particulate matter. All homes had indoor air concentrations that exceeded available risk-based screening levels for at least one chemical. We categorized chemicals as primarily influenced by the occupant or as having building-related sources. While building-related chemicals observed in this study may be specific to the particular housing development, occupant-related findings might be generalizable to similar communities. Among 58 detected chemicals, we distinguished 25 as primarily occupant-related, including fragrance chemicals 6-acetyl-1,1,2,4,4,7-hexamethyltetralin (AHTN) and 1,3,4,6,7,8-hexahydro-4,6,6,7,8,8-hexamethylcyclopenta[g]-2-benzopyran (HHCB). The pre- to post-occupancy patterns of the remaining chemicals suggested important contributions from building materials for some, including dibutyl phthalate and xylene, whereas others, such as diethyl phthalate and formaldehyde, appeared to have both building and occupant sources. Chemical classification by source informs multi-level exposure reduction strategies in low-income housing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Robin E Dodson
- Silent Spring Institute, 320 Nevada Street, Newton, MA 02460, USA.
| | - Julia O Udesky
- Silent Spring Institute, 320 Nevada Street, Newton, MA 02460, USA.
| | - Meryl D Colton
- Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, 401 Park Drive, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Martha McCauley
- Battelle Memorial Institute, 505 King Ave., Columbus, OH 43201, USA
| | - David E Camann
- Southwest Research Institute, P.O. Drawer 28510, San Antonio, TX 78228, USA
| | - Alice Y Yau
- Southwest Research Institute, P.O. Drawer 28510, San Antonio, TX 78228, USA
| | - Gary Adamkiewicz
- Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, 401 Park Drive, Boston, MA 02215, USA.
| | - Ruthann A Rudel
- Silent Spring Institute, 320 Nevada Street, Newton, MA 02460, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Nakagawa LE, Costa AR, Polatto R, Nascimento CMD, Papini S. Pyrethroid concentrations and persistence following indoor application. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2017; 36:2895-2898. [PMID: 28640485 DOI: 10.1002/etc.3860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2016] [Revised: 01/06/2017] [Accepted: 05/14/2017] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Residential indoor environments are potential sources of exposure to pyrethroids, which have low acute toxicity to humans but are allergenic and suspected endocrine disruptors. The present study evaluated the persistence of the pyrethroids cypermethrin and beta-cyfluthrin on indoor surfaces and in house dust. Cypermethrin and beta-cyfluthrin were applied and maintained on aluminum foils and in dust samples for 112 d under controlled conditions and for 12 mo in a test house; periodically, they were quantified by high-performance liquid chromatography. Cypermethrin and beta-cyfluthrin concentrations showed decreases of 10.1% and 7.7% on aluminum foils, and 12.7% and 16.4% in dust, respectively, at 112 d under controlled conditions. In the test house, cypermethrin and beta-cyfluthrin concentrations decreased by 40.3% and 60.2% on aluminum foils, and 29.6% and 56.2% in dust at the end of the study. The results show the considerable persistence of cypermethrin and beta-cyfluthrin indoors and indicate the risk of exposure to these products. Environ Toxicol Chem 2017;36:2895-2898. © 2017 SETAC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Solange Papini
- Municipal Secretariat of Health, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Bioanalytical methods for the quantification of cis-permethrin and trans-permethrin in biological samples. Bioanalysis 2017; 9:1433-1435. [PMID: 29056073 DOI: 10.4155/bio-2017-0157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
|
49
|
Burke RD, Todd SW, Lumsden E, Mullins RJ, Mamczarz J, Fawcett WP, Gullapalli RP, Randall WR, Pereira EFR, Albuquerque EX. Developmental neurotoxicity of the organophosphorus insecticide chlorpyrifos: from clinical findings to preclinical models and potential mechanisms. J Neurochem 2017; 142 Suppl 2:162-177. [PMID: 28791702 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.14077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2017] [Revised: 05/16/2017] [Accepted: 05/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Organophosphorus (OP) insecticides are pest-control agents heavily used worldwide. Unfortunately, they are also well known for the toxic effects that they can trigger in humans. Clinical manifestations of an acute exposure of humans to OP insecticides include a well-defined cholinergic crisis that develops as a result of the irreversible inhibition of acetylcholinesterase (AChE), the enzyme that hydrolyzes the neurotransmitter acetylcholine (ACh). Prolonged exposures to levels of OP insecticides that are insufficient to trigger signs of acute intoxication, which are hereafter referred to as subacute exposures, have also been associated with neurological deficits. In particular, epidemiological studies have reported statistically significant correlations between prenatal subacute exposures to OP insecticides, including chlorpyrifos, and neurological deficits that range from cognitive impairments to tremors in childhood. The primary objectives of this article are: (i) to address the short- and long-term neurological issues that have been associated with acute and subacute exposures of humans to OP insecticides, especially early in life (ii) to discuss the translational relevance of animal models of developmental exposure to OP insecticides, and (iii) to review mechanisms that are likely to contribute to the developmental neurotoxicity of OP insecticides. Most of the discussion will be focused on chlorpyrifos, the top-selling OP insecticide in the United States and throughout the world. These points are critical for the identification and development of safe and effective interventions to counter and/or prevent the neurotoxic effects of these chemicals in the developing brain. This is an article for the special issue XVth International Symposium on Cholinergic Mechanisms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Richard D Burke
- Division of Translational Toxicology, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Spencer W Todd
- Division of Translational Toxicology, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Eric Lumsden
- Division of Translational Toxicology, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Roger J Mullins
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Jacek Mamczarz
- Division of Translational Toxicology, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - William P Fawcett
- Division of Translational Toxicology, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Rao P Gullapalli
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - William R Randall
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Edna F R Pereira
- Division of Translational Toxicology, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.,Department of Pharmacology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Edson X Albuquerque
- Division of Translational Toxicology, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.,Department of Pharmacology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Johnstone AFM, Strickland JD, Crofton KM, Gennings C, Shafer TJ. Effects of an environmentally-relevant mixture of pyrethroid insecticides on spontaneous activity in primary cortical networks on microelectrode arrays. Neurotoxicology 2017; 60:234-239. [PMID: 27177986 PMCID: PMC5831128 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2016.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2015] [Revised: 04/25/2016] [Accepted: 05/09/2016] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Pyrethroid insecticides exert their insecticidal and toxicological effects primarily by disrupting voltage-gated sodium channel (VGSC) function, resulting in altered neuronal excitability. Numerous studies of individual pyrethroids have characterized effects on mammalian VGSC function and neuronal excitability, yet studies examining effects of complex pyrethroid mixtures in mammalian neurons, especially in environmentally relevant mixture ratios, are limited. In the present study, concentration-response functions were characterized for five pyrethroids (permethrin, deltamethrin, cypermethrin, β-cyfluthrin and esfenvalerate) in an in vitro preparation containing cortical neurons and glia. As a metric of neuronal network activity, spontaneous mean network firing rates (MFR) were measured using microelectorde arrays (MEAs). In addition, the effect of a complex and exposure relevant mixture of the five pyrethroids (containing 52% permethrin, 28.8% cypermethrin, 12.9% β-cyfluthrin, 3.4% deltamethrin and 2.7% esfenvalerate) was also measured. Data were modeled to determine whether effects of the pyrethroid mixture were predicted by dose-addition. At concentrations up to 10μM, all compounds except permethrin reduced MFR. Deltamethrin and β-cyfluthrin were the most potent and reduced MFR by as much as 60 and 50%, respectively, while cypermethrin and esfenvalerate were of approximately equal potency and reduced MFR by only ∼20% at the highest concentration. Permethrin caused small (∼24% maximum), concentration-dependent increases in MFR. Effects of the environmentally relevant mixture did not depart from the prediction of dose-addition. These data demonstrate that an environmentally relevant mixture caused dose-additive effects on spontaneous neuronal network activity in vitro, and is consistent with other in vitro and in vivo assessments of pyrethroid mixtures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrew F M Johnstone
- National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory (NHEERL), US EPA, Research Triangle Park, NC, United States
| | | | | | - Chris Gennings
- Population Health and Science Policy, Mt Sinai Hospital, NY, NY, United States
| | - Timothy J Shafer
- National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory (NHEERL), US EPA, Research Triangle Park, NC, United States.
| |
Collapse
|