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Kanehara R, Tonouchi A, Konno K, Koshino H, Hashimoto M. Isolation of cyclohumulanoids from Daedaleopsis tricolor and their biosynthesis based on in silico simulations. Tetrahedron 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2022.133006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
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Moo-Koh FA, Cristóbal-Alejo J, Andrés MF, Martín J, Reyes F, Tun-Suárez JM, Gamboa-Angulo M. In Vitro Assessment of Organic and Residual Fractions of Nematicidal Culture Filtrates from Thirteen Tropical Trichoderma Strains and Metabolic Profiles of Most-Active. J Fungi (Basel) 2022; 8:jof8010082. [PMID: 35050022 PMCID: PMC8779102 DOI: 10.3390/jof8010082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Revised: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The nematicidal properties of Trichoderma species have potential for developing safer biocontrol agents. In the present study, 13 native Trichoderma strains from T. citrinoviride, T. ghanense (2 strains), T. harzianum (4), T. koningiopsis, T. simmonsii, and T. virens (4) with nematicidal activity were selected and cultured in potato dextrose broth to obtain a culture filtrate (CF) for each. Each CF was partitioned with ethyl acetate to obtain organic (EA) and residual filtrate (RF) fractions, which were then tested on second-stage juveniles (J2s) of the nematodes Meloidogyne javanica and M. incognita in a microdilution assay. The most lethal strains were T. harzianum Th43-14, T. koningiopsis Th41-11, T. ghanense Th02-04, and T. virens Th32-09, which caused 51–100% mortality (%M) of J2s of both nematodes, mainly due to their RF fractions. Liquid chromatography–diode array detector-electrospray-high resolution mass spectrometry analysis of the most-active fractions revealed sesquiterpene and polyketide-like metabolites produced by the four active strains. These native Trichoderma strains have a high potential to develop safer natural products for the biocontrol of Meloidogyne species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felicia Amalia Moo-Koh
- Centro de Investigación Científica de Yucatán, A. C. Calle 43 No. 130, Col. Chuburná de Hidalgo, Mérida 97205, Mexico;
- Tecnológico Nacional de México, Campus Conkal, Avenida Tecnológico s/n, Conkal 97345, Mexico;
| | - Jairo Cristóbal-Alejo
- Tecnológico Nacional de México, Campus Conkal, Avenida Tecnológico s/n, Conkal 97345, Mexico;
- Correspondence: (J.C.-A.); (M.G.-A.); Tel.: +52-99-9942-8330 (M.G.-A.)
| | - María Fé Andrés
- Instituto de Ciencias Agrarias, CSIC, Serrano 115-dpdo, 28006 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Jesús Martín
- Fundación MEDINA, 18016 Granada, Spain; (J.M.); (F.R.)
| | | | - Jose María Tun-Suárez
- Tecnológico Nacional de México, Campus Conkal, Avenida Tecnológico s/n, Conkal 97345, Mexico;
| | - Marcela Gamboa-Angulo
- Centro de Investigación Científica de Yucatán, A. C. Calle 43 No. 130, Col. Chuburná de Hidalgo, Mérida 97205, Mexico;
- Correspondence: (J.C.-A.); (M.G.-A.); Tel.: +52-99-9942-8330 (M.G.-A.)
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Aoki S, Aboshi T, Onodera T, Kimura KI, Arai D, Iizuka Y, Murayama T. Omphaloprenol A: a new bioactive polyisoprenepolyol isolated from the mycelium of poisonous mushroom Omphalotus japonicus. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2021; 85:1364-1370. [PMID: 33851984 DOI: 10.1093/bbb/zbab063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Mushrooms of the Omphalotus genus are known to be rich in secondary metabolites. In the quest for new bioactive compounds, we analyzed the compounds isolated from the mycelium of the poisonous mushroom Omphalotus japonicus. As a result, a new polyisoprenepolyol, which was named omphaloprenol A, was identified, along with known substances such as hypsiziprenol A10 and A11, illudin S, and ergosterol. The chemical structure of omphaloprenol A was elucidated by nuclear magnetic resonance and infrared spectroscopies and mass spectrometry, and its bioactivity was investigated. Omphaloprenol A showed growth promoting activity against the root of lettuce seeds and cytotoxicity against HL60 cells. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report on the isolation of a polyisoprenepolyol compound from Omphalotaceae mushrooms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoki Aoki
- The United Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Iwate University, Morioka, Iwate, Japan
| | - Takako Aboshi
- The United Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Iwate University, Morioka, Iwate, Japan
- Faculty of Agriculture, Yamagata University, Tsuruoka, Yamagata, Japan
| | - Takumu Onodera
- Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, Graduate Course in Biological Chemistry and Food Science, Iwate University, Morioka, Iwate, Japan
| | - Ken-Ichi Kimura
- The United Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Iwate University, Morioka, Iwate, Japan
- Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, Graduate Course in Biological Chemistry and Food Science, Iwate University, Morioka, Iwate, Japan
| | - Daisuke Arai
- Field Science Center, Faculty of Agriculture, Yamagata University, Tsuruoka, Yamagata, Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Iizuka
- Field Science Center, Faculty of Agriculture, Yamagata University, Tsuruoka, Yamagata, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Murayama
- The United Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Iwate University, Morioka, Iwate, Japan
- Faculty of Agriculture, Yamagata University, Tsuruoka, Yamagata, Japan
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Niego AG, Raspé O, Thongklang N, Charoensup R, Lumyong S, Stadler M, Hyde KD. Taxonomy, Diversity and Cultivation of the Oudemansielloid/Xeruloid Taxa Hymenopellis, Mucidula, Oudemansiella, and Xerula with Respect to Their Bioactivities: A Review. J Fungi (Basel) 2021; 7:51. [PMID: 33451109 PMCID: PMC7828609 DOI: 10.3390/jof7010051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2020] [Revised: 01/09/2021] [Accepted: 01/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The oudemansielloid/xeruloid taxa Hymenopellis, Mucidula, Oudemansiella, and Xerula are genera of Basidiomycota that constitute an important resource of bioactive compounds. Numerous studies have shown antimicrobial, anti-oxidative, anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory and other bioactivities of their extracts. The bioactive principles can be divided into two major groups: (a) hydrophilic polysaccharides with relatively high molecular weights and (b) low molecular medium polar secondary metabolites, such as the antifungal strobilurins. In this review, we summarize the state of the art on biodiversity, cultivation of the fungi and bioactivities of their secondary metabolites and discuss future applications. Although the strobilurins are well-documented, with commercial applications as agrochemical fungicides, there are also other known compounds from this group that have not yet been well-studied. Polysaccharides, dihydro-citrinone phenol A acid, scalusamides, and acetylenic lactones such as xerulin, also have potential applications in the nutraceutical, pharmaceutical and medicinal market and should be further explored. Further studies are recommended to isolate high quality bioactive compounds and fully understand their modes of action. Given that only few species of oudemansielloid/xeruloid mushrooms have been explored for their production of secondary metabolites, these taxa represent unexplored sources of potentially useful and novel bioactive metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allen Grace Niego
- Center of Excellence in Fungal Research, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai 57100, Thailand; (A.G.N.); (O.R.); (N.T.)
- School of Science, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai 57100, Thailand
- Iloilo Science and Technology University, La Paz, Iloilo 5000, Philippines
| | - Olivier Raspé
- Center of Excellence in Fungal Research, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai 57100, Thailand; (A.G.N.); (O.R.); (N.T.)
- School of Science, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai 57100, Thailand
| | - Naritsada Thongklang
- Center of Excellence in Fungal Research, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai 57100, Thailand; (A.G.N.); (O.R.); (N.T.)
- School of Science, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai 57100, Thailand
| | - Rawiwan Charoensup
- School of Integrative Medicine, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai 57100, Thailand;
- Medicinal Plants Innovation Center, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai 57100, Thailand
| | - Saisamorn Lumyong
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand;
- Research Center of Microbial Diversity and Sustainable Utilization, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
- Academy of Science, The Royal Society of Thailand, Bangkok 10300, Thailand
| | - Marc Stadler
- Department Microbial Drugs, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany
- German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Hannover-Braunschweig, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Kevin D. Hyde
- Center of Excellence in Fungal Research, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai 57100, Thailand; (A.G.N.); (O.R.); (N.T.)
- Institute of Plant Health, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou 510408, China
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Alberti F, Kaleem S, Weaver JA. Recent developments of tools for genome and metabolome studies in basidiomycete fungi and their application to natural product research. Biol Open 2020; 9:bio056010. [PMID: 33268478 PMCID: PMC7725599 DOI: 10.1242/bio.056010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Basidiomycota are a large and diverse phylum of fungi. They can make bioactive metabolites that are used or have inspired the synthesis of antibiotics and agrochemicals. Terpenoids are the most abundant class of natural products encountered in this taxon. Other natural product classes have been described, including polyketides, peptides, and indole alkaloids. The discovery and study of natural products made by basidiomycete fungi has so far been hampered by several factors, which include their slow growth and complex genome architecture. Recent developments of tools for genome and metabolome studies are allowing researchers to more easily tackle the secondary metabolome of basidiomycete fungi. Inexpensive long-read whole-genome sequencing enables the assembly of high-quality genomes, improving the scaffold upon which natural product gene clusters can be predicted. CRISPR/Cas9-based engineering of basidiomycete fungi has been described and will have an important role in linking natural products to their genetic determinants. Platforms for the heterologous expression of basidiomycete genes and gene clusters have been developed, enabling natural product biosynthesis studies. Molecular network analyses and publicly available natural product databases facilitate data dereplication and natural product characterisation. These technological advances combined are prompting a revived interest in natural product discovery from basidiomycete fungi.This article has an associated Future Leader to Watch interview with the first author of the paper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabrizio Alberti
- School of Life Sciences and Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK
| | - Saraa Kaleem
- School of Life Sciences, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK
| | - Jack A Weaver
- School of Life Sciences, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK
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6
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Que Y, He H. Advances in N‐Heterocyclic Carbene Catalysis for Natural Product Synthesis. European J Org Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202000305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yonglei Que
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering East China Normal University 3663 North Zhongshan Road 200062 Shanghai China
| | - Haibing He
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Molecular Therapeutics and New Drug Development East China Normal University 3663 North Zhongshan Road 200062 Shanghai China
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7
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Aoki S, Aboshi T, Shiono Y, Kimura KI, Murata T, Arai D, Iizuka Y, Murayama T. Constituents of the Fruiting Body of Poisonous Mushroom Omphalotus japonicus. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 2020; 68:436-442. [DOI: 10.1248/cpb.c19-01009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Satoki Aoki
- The United Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Iwate University
| | - Takako Aboshi
- The United Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Iwate University
- Faculty of Agriculture, Yamagata University
| | - Yoshihito Shiono
- The United Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Iwate University
- Faculty of Agriculture, Yamagata University
| | - Ken-ichi Kimura
- The United Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Iwate University
| | - Toshihiro Murata
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University
| | - Daisuke Arai
- Field Science Center, Faculty of Agriculture, Yamagata University
| | - Yoshiaki Iizuka
- Field Science Center, Faculty of Agriculture, Yamagata University
| | - Tetsuya Murayama
- The United Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Iwate University
- Faculty of Agriculture, Yamagata University
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8
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Yin X, Yang AA, Gao JM. Mushroom Toxins: Chemistry and Toxicology. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2019; 67:5053-5071. [PMID: 30986058 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.9b00414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Mushroom consumption is a global tradition that is still gaining popularity. However, foraging for wild mushrooms and accidental ingestion of toxic mushrooms can result in serious illness and even death. The early diagnosis and treatment of mushroom poisoning are quite difficult, as the symptoms are similar to those caused by common diseases. Chemically, mushroom poisoning is related to very powerful toxins, suggesting that the isolation and identification of toxins have great research value, especially in determining the lethal components of toxic mushrooms. In contrast, most of these toxins have remarkable physiological properties that could promote advances in chemistry, biochemistry, physiology, and pharmacology. Although more than 100 toxins have been elucidated, there are a number of lethal mushrooms that have not been fully investigated. This review provides information on the chemistry (including chemical structures, total synthesis, and biosynthesis) and the toxicology of these toxins, hoping to inspire further research in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia Yin
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Natural Products & Chemistry Biology, College of Chemistry & Pharmacy , Northwest A & F University , Yangling 712100 , People's Republic of China
| | - An-An Yang
- Department of Pathology , The 969th Hospital of PLA , Hohhot , Inner Mongolia 010000 , People's Republic of China
| | - Jin-Ming Gao
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Natural Products & Chemistry Biology, College of Chemistry & Pharmacy , Northwest A & F University , Yangling 712100 , People's Republic of China
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O'Connor PJ, Alonso-Amelot ME, Roberts SA, Povey AC. The role of bracken fern illudanes in bracken fern-induced toxicities. MUTATION RESEARCH-REVIEWS IN MUTATION RESEARCH 2019; 782:108276. [PMID: 31843140 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrrev.2019.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2018] [Revised: 03/29/2019] [Accepted: 05/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Bracken fern is carcinogenic when fed to domestic and laboratory animals inducing bladder and ileal tumours and is currently classified as a possible human carcinogen by IARC. The carcinogenic illudane, ptaquiloside (PTQ) was isolated from bracken fern and is widely assumed to be the major bracken carcinogen. However, several other structurally similar illudanes are found in bracken fern, in some cases at higher levels than PTQ and so may contribute to the overall toxicity and carcinogenicity of bracken fern. In this review, we critically evaluate the role of illudanes in bracken fern induced toxicity and carcinogenicity, the mechanistic basis of these effects including the role of DNA damage, and the potential for human exposure in order to highlight deficiencies in the current literature. Critical gaps remain in our understanding of bracken fern induced carcinogenesis, a better understanding of these processes is essential to establish whether bracken fern is also a human carcinogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- P J O'Connor
- Centre for Occupational and Environmental Health, Centre for Epidemiology, Division of Population Health, Health Services Research and Primary Care, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
| | - M E Alonso-Amelot
- Chemical Ecology Group, Faculty of Sciences, University of Los Andes, Mérida 5101, Venezuela
| | - S A Roberts
- Centre for Biostatistics, Division of Population Health, Health Services Research and Primary Care, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
| | - A C Povey
- Centre for Occupational and Environmental Health, Centre for Epidemiology, Division of Population Health, Health Services Research and Primary Care, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK.
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11
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Affiliation(s)
- M. S. R. Nair
- The New York Botanical Garden, Bronx, New York 10458
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12
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Hovey MT, Cohen DT, Walden DM, Cheong PH, Scheidt KA. A Carbene Catalysis Strategy for the Synthesis of Protoilludane Natural Products. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201705308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M. Todd Hovey
- Department of ChemistryDepartment of PhamacologyCenter for Molecular Innovation and Drug DiscoveryNorthwestern University 2145 Sheridan Rd Evanston IL 60208 USA
| | - Daniel T. Cohen
- Department of ChemistryDepartment of PhamacologyCenter for Molecular Innovation and Drug DiscoveryNorthwestern University 2145 Sheridan Rd Evanston IL 60208 USA
| | - Daniel M. Walden
- Department of ChemistryOregon State University 153 Gilbert Hall Corvallis OR 97331 USA
| | - Paul H.‐Y. Cheong
- Department of ChemistryOregon State University 153 Gilbert Hall Corvallis OR 97331 USA
| | - Karl A. Scheidt
- Department of ChemistryDepartment of PhamacologyCenter for Molecular Innovation and Drug DiscoveryNorthwestern University 2145 Sheridan Rd Evanston IL 60208 USA
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Hovey MT, Cohen DT, Walden DM, Cheong PHY, Scheidt KA. A Carbene Catalysis Strategy for the Synthesis of Protoilludane Natural Products. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017. [PMID: 28632913 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201705308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
The Armillaria and Lactarius genera of fungi produce the antimicrobial and cytotoxic mellolide, protoilludane, and marasmane sesquiterpenoids. We report a unified synthetic strategy to access the protoilludane, mellolide, and marasmane families of natural products. The key features of these syntheses are 1) the organocatalytic, enantioselective construction of key chiral intermediates from a simple achiral precursor, 2) the utility of a key 1,2-cyclobutanediol intermediate to serve as a precursor to each natural product class, and 3) a direct chemical conversion of a protoilludane to a marasmane through serendipitous ring contraction, which provides experimental support for their proposed biosynthetic relationships.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Todd Hovey
- Department of Chemistry, Department of Phamacology, Center for Molecular Innovation and Drug Discovery, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Rd, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Daniel T Cohen
- Department of Chemistry, Department of Phamacology, Center for Molecular Innovation and Drug Discovery, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Rd, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Daniel M Walden
- Department of Chemistry, Oregon State University, 153 Gilbert Hall, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA
| | - Paul H-Y Cheong
- Department of Chemistry, Oregon State University, 153 Gilbert Hall, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA
| | - Karl A Scheidt
- Department of Chemistry, Department of Phamacology, Center for Molecular Innovation and Drug Discovery, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Rd, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
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Making Use of Genomic Information to Explore the Biotechnological Potential of Medicinal Mushrooms. MEDICINAL AND AROMATIC PLANTS OF THE WORLD 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/978-981-10-5978-0_13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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15
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Diversity of Mushrooms and Their Metabolites of Nutraceutical and Therapeutic Significance. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.1155/2016/7654123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Mushrooms are well known for their nutritional as well as therapeutic values worldwide. Interest in mushrooms has peaked because immunity and cellular protection are important issues for health conscious consumers and for those individuals who are dealing with serious health issues. Mushrooms generally belong to Basidiomycetes which harbors numerous mushroom species with diversity of metabolites of nutraceutical and therapeutic significance. They have been reported to be the most valuable ones for humans. Investigations on the therapeutic and nutritional properties of mushrooms are underway throughout the world. Researchers are providing crucial data on the array of bioactive compounds found within these fascinating fungi. People are now accepting mushrooms more as food and food supplements. Various academic and research institutes are all involved actively in research on bioactive metabolites of mushrooms. The present paper aims at reviewing the diversity of mushrooms and the types of metabolites especially of nutraceutical and therapeutic importance present in these mushrooms and their role as bioactive agents.
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Nord C, Menkis A, Broberg A. Cytotoxic Illudane Sesquiterpenes from the Fungus Granulobasidium vellereum (Ellis and Cragin) Jülich. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2015; 78:2559-2564. [PMID: 26575435 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.5b00500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Eight illudane sesquiterpenes were obtained from the wood-decomposing fungus Granulobasidium vellereum (Ellis and Cragin) Jülich; among them were the enantiomers of the known compounds illudin M (1) and dihydroilludin M (4) and the diastereomers of illudin M (2) and illudin S (3), as well as two previously undescribed illudanes (5, 6). The cytotoxicity of compounds 1-4 and 6 was evaluated against two tumor cell lines (Huh7 and MT4), which showed that compounds 1-3 had potent cytotoxic activity, whereas compounds 4 and 6 had no or only moderate effects at concentrations up to 400 μM. Surprisingly, both compounds 2 and 3 were about 10 times more potent than 1. When the chemical reactivity of 1 and 2 was tested, compound 2 was shown to have a substantially higher reaction rate when reacted both with 2 M HCl and with cysteine, indicating that the difference in cytotoxicity is probably due to chemical reactivity and not to enzymatic affinity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Nord
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Uppsala BioCenter, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences , P.O. Box 7015, SE-75007, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Audrius Menkis
- Department of Forest Mycology and Plant Pathology, Uppsala BioCenter, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences , P.O. Box 7026, SE-75007, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Anders Broberg
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Uppsala BioCenter, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences , P.O. Box 7015, SE-75007, Uppsala, Sweden
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17
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Smith LK, Baxendale IR. Total syntheses of natural products containing spirocarbocycles. Org Biomol Chem 2015; 13:9907-33. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ob01524c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The spiro motif is becoming an increasingly prevalent structure in medicinal and organic chemistry. The total syntheses of natural products containing all-carbon spirocycles is reviewed.
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Abstract
Fungi (Ascomycota and Basidiomycota) are prolific producers of structurally diverse terpenoid compounds. Classes of terpenoids identified in fungi include the sesqui-, di- and triterpenoids. Biosynthetic pathways and enzymes to terpenoids from each of these classes have been described. These typically involve the scaffold generating terpene synthases and cyclases, and scaffold tailoring enzymes such as e.g. cytochrome P450 monoxygenases, NAD(P)+ and flavin dependent oxidoreductases, and various group transferases that generate the final bioactive structures. The biosynthesis of several sesquiterpenoid mycotoxins and bioactive diterpenoids has been well-studied in Ascomycota (e.g. filamentous fungi). Little is known about the terpenoid biosynthetic pathways in Basidiomycota (e.g. mushroom forming fungi), although they produce a huge diversity of terpenoid natural products. Specifically, many trans-humulyl cation derived sesquiterpenoid natural products with potent bioactivities have been isolated. Biosynthetic gene clusters responsible for the production of trans-humulyl cation derived protoilludanes, and other sesquiterpenoids, can be rapidly identified by genome sequencing and bioinformatic methods. Genome mining combined with heterologous biosynthetic pathway refactoring has the potential to facilitate discovery and production of pharmaceutically relevant fungal terpenoids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maureen B Quin
- University of Minnesota, Dept. of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biophysics, 1479 Gortner Avenue, St. Paul, MN 55108, USA
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Lee J, Kim H, Lee TG, Yang I, Won DH, Choi H, Nam SJ, Kang H. Anmindenols A and B, inducible nitric oxide synthase inhibitors from a marine-derived Streptomyces sp. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2014; 77:1528-1531. [PMID: 24878306 DOI: 10.1021/np500285a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Anmindenols A (1) and B (2), inhibitors of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), were isolated from a marine-derived bacterium Streptomyces sp. Their chemical structures were elucidated by interpreting various spectroscopic data, including IR, MS, and NMR. Anmindenols A and B are sesquiterpenoids possessing an indene moiety with five- and six-membered rings derived from isoprenyl units. The absolute configuration of C-4 in anmindenol B was determined by electronic circular dichroism (ECD) of a dimolybdenum complex. Anmindenols A (1) and B (2) inhibited nitric oxide production in stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophage cells with IC50 values of 23 and 19 μM, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jihye Lee
- Center for Marine Natural Products and Drug Discovery, School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Seoul National University , NS-80, Seoul 151-747, Korea
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Stevens-Cullinane L, Lucas NT, Hawkins BC. Sterically Controlled Diels-Alder Cycloadditions: Rapid Entry into the Illudin Scaffold. European J Org Chem 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201402461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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21
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Glatt H, Pietsch KE, Sturla SJ, Meinl W. Sulfotransferase-independent genotoxicity of illudin S and its acylfulvene derivatives in bacterial and mammalian cells. Arch Toxicol 2013; 88:161-9. [PMID: 23881331 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-013-1097-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2013] [Accepted: 07/11/2013] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Acylfulvenes are a class of antitumor agents derived from illudin S, a sesquiterpenoid toxin isolated from mushrooms of the genus Omphalotus. Although DNA appears to be their major target, no data concerning mutagenicity of acylfulvenes are available in the literature, and limited data have been published on illudin S. Enzyme-mediated biotransformations have been demonstrated to influence the cytotoxicity of acylfulvenes. Illudin S and some acylfulvenes [e.g., (-)-6-hydroxymethylacylfulvene (HMAF)] are allylic alcohols with potential for enhanced cytotoxicity and genotoxicity by means of metabolic sulfation. Therefore, we studied the influence of various heterologously expressed human sulfotransferases (SULTs) on biological activities of illudin S and HMAF in bacterial and mammalian cells. (-)-Acylfulvene (AF) was tested as a congener lacking an allylic hydroxyl group. We found: (1) all three compounds were mutagenic in standard Salmonella typhimurium strains TA98, TA100 and TA104; (2) they induced gene mutations (at the hypoxanthine phosphoribosyl transferase locus) and sister chromatid exchange (SCE) in Chinese hamster V79 cells; (3) these effects were practically unaffected when human SULTs were expressed in the target bacteria or mammalian cells (using SCE as the endpoint); (4) illudin S demonstrated 40-600 times higher genotoxic activities than the semisynthetic acylfulvenes studied; it was positive in the SCE test even at a concentration of 0.3 nM; (5) genotoxicity in mammalian cells was observed at substantially lower concentrations of the compounds than required for a positive result in the bacterial test (400 nM with illudin S). We conclude that illudin S, HMAF and AF are potent genotoxicants and human SULTs do not play a significant role in their bioactivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hansruedi Glatt
- Department of Nutritional Toxicology, German Institute of Human Nutrition (DIfE) Potsdam-Rehbrücke, Arthur-Scheunert-Allee 114-116, 14558, Nuthetal, Germany,
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22
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Asano M, Yamada K, Tanaka T, Matsuo Y, Kouno I. New Bisabolane Sesquiterpene from the Mycelia of Amanita virgineoides. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 2013; 61:366-9. [DOI: 10.1248/cpb.c12-01070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Miho Asano
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Division of Natural Product Chemistry, Nagasaki University
| | - Koji Yamada
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Division of Natural Product Chemistry, Nagasaki University
| | - Takashi Tanaka
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Division of Natural Product Chemistry, Nagasaki University
| | - Yosuke Matsuo
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Division of Natural Product Chemistry, Nagasaki University
| | - Isao Kouno
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Division of Natural Product Chemistry, Nagasaki University
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23
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Tanasova M, Sturla SJ. Chemistry and biology of acylfulvenes: sesquiterpene-derived antitumor agents. Chem Rev 2012; 112:3578-610. [PMID: 22482429 DOI: 10.1021/cr2001367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marina Tanasova
- ETH Zurich, Institute of Food, Nutrition and Health, Zurich, Switzerland
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24
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Gersch M, Kreuzer J, Sieber SA. Electrophilic natural products and their biological targets. Nat Prod Rep 2012; 29:659-82. [DOI: 10.1039/c2np20012k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 193] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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25
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Siengalewicz P, Mulzer J, Rinner U. Synthesis of Protoilludanes and Related Sesquiterpenes. European J Org Chem 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201101220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Peter Siengalewicz
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währinger Straße 38, 1090 Vienna, Austria, Fax: +43‐1‐4277‐9521
| | - Johann Mulzer
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währinger Straße 38, 1090 Vienna, Austria, Fax: +43‐1‐4277‐9521
| | - Uwe Rinner
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währinger Straße 38, 1090 Vienna, Austria, Fax: +43‐1‐4277‐9521
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Pietsch KE, Neels JF, Yu X, Gong J, Sturla SJ. Chemical and enzymatic reductive activation of acylfulvene to isomeric cytotoxic reactive intermediates. Chem Res Toxicol 2011; 24:2044-54. [PMID: 21939268 DOI: 10.1021/tx200401u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Acylfulvenes (AFs), a class of semisynthetic analogues of the sesquiterpene natural product illudin S, are cytotoxic toward cancer cells. The minor structural changes between illudin S and AFs translate to an improved therapeutic window in preclinical cell-based assays and xenograft models. AFs are, therefore, unique tools for addressing the chemical and biochemical basis of cytotoxic selectivity. AFs elicit cytotoxic responses by alkylation of biological targets, including DNA. While AFs are capable of direct alkylation, cytosolic reductive bioactivation to an electrophilic intermediate is correlated with enhanced cytotoxicity. Data obtained in this study illustrate chemical aspects of the process of AF activation. By tracking reaction mechanisms with stable isotope-labeled reagents, enzymatic versus chemical activation pathways for AF were compared for reactions involving the NADPH-dependent enzyme prostaglandin reductase 1 (PTGR1) or sodium borohydride, respectively. These two processes resulted in isomeric products that appear to give rise to similar patterns of DNA modification. The chemically activated isomer has been newly isolated and chemically characterized in this study, including an assessment of its relative stereochemistry and stability at varying pH and under bioassay conditions. In mammalian cancer cells, this chemically activated analogue was shown to not rely on further cellular activation to significantly enhance cytotoxic potency, in contrast to the requirements of AF. On the basis of this study, we anticipate that the chemically activated form of AF will serve as a useful chemical probe for evaluating biomolecular interactions independent of enzyme-mediated activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn E Pietsch
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
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Wang G, Liu LY, Zhu YC, Liu JK. Illudin T, a new sesquiterpenoid from basidiomycete Agrocybe salicacola. JOURNAL OF ASIAN NATURAL PRODUCTS RESEARCH 2011; 13:430-433. [PMID: 21534041 DOI: 10.1080/10286020.2011.566218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
A new sesquiterpenoid (1), illudin T, was isolated from the culture of basidiomycete Agrocybe salicacola. The structure of the new compound was elucidated on the basis of spectral data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Wang
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Modernized Chinese Materia Medica, Anhui College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
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28
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Liu X, Pietsch KE, Sturla SJ. Susceptibility of the antioxidant selenoenyzmes thioredoxin reductase and glutathione peroxidase to alkylation-mediated inhibition by anticancer acylfulvenes. Chem Res Toxicol 2011; 24:726-36. [PMID: 21443269 DOI: 10.1021/tx2000152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Selenium, in the form of selenocysteine, is a critical component of some major redox-regulating enzymes, including thioredoxin reductase (TrxR) and glutathione peroxidase (Gpx). TrxR has emerged as an anticancer target for drug development due to its elevated expression level in many aggressive human tumors. Acylfulvenes (AFs) are semisynthetic derivatives of the natural product illudin S and display improved cytotoxic selectivity profiles. AF and illudin S alkylate cellular macromolecules. Compared to AFs, illudin S more readily reacts with thiol-containing small molecules such as cysteine, glutathione, and cysteine-containing peptides. However, a previous study indicates that the reactivity of AFs and illudin S with glutathione reductase, a thiol-containing enzyme, is inversely correlated with the reactivity toward small molecule thiols. In this study, we investigate mechanistic aspects underlying the enzymatic and cellular effects of the AFs and illudin S on thioredoxin reductase. Both AF and HMAF were found to inhibit mammalian TrxR in the low- to submicromolar range, but illudin S was significantly less potent. TrxR inhibition by AFs was shown to be irreversible, concentration- and time-dependent, and mediated by alkylation of C-terminus active site Sec/Cys residues. In contrast, neither AFs nor illudin S inhibits Gpx, demonstrating that enzyme structure-specific small molecule interactions have a significant influence over the inherent reactivity of the Sec residue. In human cancer cells, TrxR activity can be inhibited by low micromolar concentrations of all three drugs. Finally, it was demonstrated that preconditioning cells by the addition of selenite to the cell culture media results in an enhancement in cell sensitivity toward AFs. These data suggest potential strategies for increasing drug activity by combination treatments that promote selenium enzyme activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaodan Liu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Minnesota , Minneapolis 54555, United States
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29
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Ma BJ, Wu TT, Ruan Y, Shen JW, Zhou H, Yu HY, Zhao X. Antibacterial and antifungal activity of scabronine G and Hin vitro. Mycology 2010. [DOI: 10.1080/21501203.2010.508053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Bing-Ji Ma
- a Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine , Agronomy College of Henan Agricultural University , Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Ting-Ting Wu
- a Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine , Agronomy College of Henan Agricultural University , Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Yuan Ruan
- a Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine , Agronomy College of Henan Agricultural University , Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Jin-Wen Shen
- a Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine , Agronomy College of Henan Agricultural University , Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Han Zhou
- a Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine , Agronomy College of Henan Agricultural University , Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Hai-You Yu
- a Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine , Agronomy College of Henan Agricultural University , Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Xu Zhao
- a Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine , Agronomy College of Henan Agricultural University , Zhengzhou, 450002, China
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Siegel DS, Piizzi G, Piersanti G, Movassaghi M. Enantioselective total synthesis of (-)-acylfulvene and (-)-irofulven. J Org Chem 2009; 74:9292-304. [PMID: 19938810 PMCID: PMC2805080 DOI: 10.1021/jo901926z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
We report our full account of the enantioselective total synthesis of (-)-acylfulvene (1) and (-)-irofulven (2), which features metathesis reactions for the rapid assembly of the molecular framework of these antitumor agents. We discuss (1) the application of an Evans Cu-catalyzed aldol addition reaction using a strained cyclopropyl ketenethioacetal, (2) an efficient enyne ring-closing metathesis cascade reaction in a challenging setting, (3) the reagent IPNBSH for a late-stage reductive allylic transposition reaction, and (4) the final RCM/dehydrogenation sequence for the formation of (-)-acylfulvene (1) and (-)-irofulven (2).
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Affiliation(s)
- Dustin S Siegel
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
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31
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Movassaghi M, Piizzi G, Siegel DS, Piersanti G. Observations in the Synthesis of the Core of the Antitumor Illudins via an Enyne Ring Closing Metathesis Cascade. Tetrahedron Lett 2009; 50:5489-5492. [PMID: 20160945 PMCID: PMC2766079 DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2009.07.102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Observations concerning the synthesis of the core spirocyclic AB-ring system of illudins using an enyne ring closing metathesis (EYRCM) cascade are discussed. Substituent effects, in addition to optimization of the reaction conditions and the olefin tether for the key EYRCM reaction, are examined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Movassaghi
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Grazia Piizzi
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Dustin S. Siegel
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Giovanni Piersanti
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
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32
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Liu X, Sturla SJ. Profiling patterns of glutathione reductase inhibition by the natural product illudin S and its acylfulvene analogues. MOLECULAR BIOSYSTEMS 2009; 5:1013-24. [PMID: 19668867 PMCID: PMC2841359 DOI: 10.1039/b904720d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Acylfulvenes (AFs) are a class of antitumor agents with favorable cytotoxic selectivity profiles compared to their natural product precursor, illudin S. Like many alkylating agents, illudin S and AFs readily react with thiol-containing small molecules such as cysteine, glutathione and cysteine-containing peptides; reduced cellular glutathione levels can affect illudin S toxicity. Glutathione reductase (GR) is a critical cellular antioxidant enzyme that regulates the intracellular ratio of reduced-oxidized glutathione. In this study, we found that acylfulvene analogues are GR inhibitors, and evaluated aspects of the drug-enzyme interactions as compared with the structurally related natural product illudin S and the known irreversible GR inhibitor, carmustine. Acylfulvene analogues exhibited concentration-dependent GR inhibitory activity with micromolar IC(50)s; however, up to 2 mM illudin S did not inhibit GR activity. The absence of NADPH attenuates GR inhibition by AFs and the presence of glutathione disulfide (GSSG), the natural GR substrate, which binds to the enzyme active site, has a minimal effect in protecting GR from AFs. Furthermore, each compound can induce GR conformation changes independent of the presence of NADPH or GSSG. These results, together with gel-filtration analysis results and mass spectrometry data, indicate AF is a reversible inhibitor and HMAF an irreversible inhibitor that can form a bis-adduct with GR by reacting with active site cysteines. Finally in a cell-based assay, illudin S and HMAF were found to inhibit GR activity, but this inhibition was not associated with the reduction of GR levels in the cell. A model accounting for differences in mechanisms of GR inhibition by the series of compounds is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaodan Liu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455
| | - Shana J. Sturla
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455
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Highly stereoselective construction of functionalized cyclopropanes from the reaction between acetylenic esters and C–H acids in the presence of triphenylarsine. Tetrahedron Lett 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2009.05.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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34
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Conjugates of the fungal cytotoxin illudin M with improved tumour specificity. Bioorg Med Chem 2008; 16:8592-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2008.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2008] [Revised: 07/31/2008] [Accepted: 08/04/2008] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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35
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Butler MS. Natural products to drugs: natural product-derived compounds in clinical trials. Nat Prod Rep 2008; 25:475-516. [PMID: 18497896 DOI: 10.1039/b514294f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 502] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Natural product and natural product-derived compounds that are being evaluated in clinical trials or are in registration (as at 31st December 2007) have been reviewed, as well as natural product-derived compounds for which clinical trials have been halted or discontinued since 2005. Also discussed are natural product-derived drugs launched since 2005, new natural product templates and late-stage development candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark S Butler
- MerLion Pharmaceuticals, 1 Science Park Road, The Capricorn 05-01, Singapore Science Park II, Singapore 117528.
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36
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Rasool N, Rashid MA, Reinke H, Fischer C, Langer P. Synthesis and reactions of functionalized spirocyclopropanes by cyclization of dilithiated β-ketosulfones, α-cyanoacetone and diethyl 2-oxopropylphosphonate with 1,1-diacetylcyclopropane. Tetrahedron 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2008.01.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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37
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Rasool N, Rashid MA, Adeel M, Görls H, Langer P. Synthesis and reactions of hydroxyspiro[5.2]cyclooctenones based on the cyclization of the dianions of acetone and diethyl 2-oxopropylphosphonate with 1,1-diacylcyclopropanes. Tetrahedron Lett 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2008.02.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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38
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Rotzoll S, Reinke H, Langer P. Synthesis of heterospiranes by cyclization of dinucleophiles with 1,1-bis(tosyloxymethyl)cyclopropane and -cyclobutane. Tetrahedron Lett 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2007.11.123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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39
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McMorris TC, Chimmani R, Gurram M, Staake MD, Kelner MJ. Synthesis and antitumor activity of amine analogs of irofulven. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2007; 17:6770-2. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2007.10.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2007] [Revised: 10/11/2007] [Accepted: 10/12/2007] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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40
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Yamada K, Ojika M, Kigoshi H. Ptaquiloside, the major toxin of bracken, and related terpene glycosides: chemistry, biology and ecology. Nat Prod Rep 2007; 24:798-813. [PMID: 17653360 DOI: 10.1039/b614160a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Bracken (Pteridium spp.) is a ubiquitous fern which has been described as one of the five most common plants on the earth. The toxic effects of bracken on livestock have been recorded since the end of the 19th century, and extensive and intensive investigations for the bracken toxin(s) led to the isolation of ptaquiloside in 1983 as the major, but unstable, toxin of bracken. This review concentrates mainly on the results of the scientific investigations into ptaquiloside, and cites 133 references.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiyoyuki Yamada
- Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan
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41
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Paci A, Rezai K, Deroussent A, De Valeriola D, Re M, Weill S, Cvitkovic E, Kahatt C, Shah A, Waters S, Weems G, Vassal G, Lokiec F. Pharmacokinetics, metabolism, and routes of excretion of intravenous irofulven in patients with advanced solid tumors. Drug Metab Dispos 2006; 34:1918-26. [PMID: 16896064 DOI: 10.1124/dmd.106.010512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Irofulven is currently in Phase 2 clinical trials against a wide variety of solid tumors and has demonstrated activity in ovarian, prostate, gastrointestinal, and non-small cell lung cancer. The objectives of this study were to determine its pharmacokinetics and route of excretion and to characterize its metabolites in human plasma and urine samples after a 30-min i.v. infusion at a dose of 0.55 mg/kg in patients with advanced solid tumors. Three patients were administered i.v. 100 microCi of [14C]irofulven over a 30-min infusion on day 1 of cycle 1. Serial blood and plasma samples were drawn at 0 (before irofulven infusion) and up to 144 h after the start of infusion. Urine and fecal samples were collected for up to 144 h after the start of infusion. The mean urinary and fecal excretion of radioactivity up to 144 h were 71.2 and 2.9%, respectively, indicating renal excretion was the major route of elimination of [14C]irofulven. The C(max), AUC(0-infinity), and terminal half-life values for total radioactivity were 1130 ng-Eq/ml, 24,400 ng-Eq . h/ml, and 116.5 h, respectively, and the corresponding values for irofulven were 82.7 ng/ml, 65.5 ng . h/ml, and 0.3 h, respectively, suggesting that the total radioactivity in human plasma was a result of the metabolites. Twelve metabolites of irofulven were detected in human urine and plasma by electrospray ionization/tandem mass spectrometry. Among these metabolites, the cyclopropane ring-opened metabolite (M2) of irofulven was found, and seven others were proposed as glucuronide and glutathione conjugates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelo Paci
- Unité Propre de Recherche et de l'Enseignement Supérieur, Equipe d'Accueil, Pharmacology and New Treatments of Cancer, l'Institut Fédératif de Recherches, Institute Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
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Gong J, Neels JF, Yu X, Kensler TW, Peterson LA, Sturla SJ. Investigating the role of stereochemistry in the activity of anticancer acylfulvenes: synthesis, reductase-mediated bioactivation, and cellular toxicity. J Med Chem 2006; 49:2593-9. [PMID: 16610802 DOI: 10.1021/jm051104t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Acylfulvenes comprise a family of semisynthetic natural product derivatives with potent antitumor activities. Previous studies indicated that acylfulvenes are bioactivated by NADPH-dependent alkenal/one reductase (AOR), presumably generating intermediates with the capacity to alkylate cellular targets, such as DNA, proteins, and glutathione. This process is thought to induce apoptosis, and the chemical and biochemical pathways involved are topics of current investigation. In this study, four acylfulvene analogues were synthesized: (-)-acylfulvene, (+)-acylfulvene, (-)-(hydroxymethyl)acylfulvene, and (+)-(hydroxymethyl)acylfulvene. These compounds were synthesized by a chiral-resolution method, described for the first time in this report, and by asymmetric synthesis using a method formally demonstrated previously. Cell toxicity studies indicate a positive correlation between AOR level and acylfulvene sensitivity. The absolute configuration of acylfulvene analogues has a significant influence on cytotoxicity. (-)-(Hydroxymethyl)acylfulvene is 25 times more potent than (+)-(hydroxymethyl)acylfulvene in cells transfected with an AOR overexpression vector. Based on kinetic parameters, the rates of AOR-mediated activation are more strongly dependent on acylfulvene substitution than on absolute stereochemistry. These data support the role of AOR-mediated metabolism and indicate the involvement of other stereochemically dictated pathways, such as transport and biomolecule binding, in contributing to the cytotoxicity of acylfulvenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiachang Gong
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
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Chin YW, Balunas MJ, Chai HB, Kinghorn AD. Drug discovery from natural sources. AAPS JOURNAL 2006; 8:E239-53. [PMID: 16796374 PMCID: PMC3231566 DOI: 10.1007/bf02854894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 304] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Organic compounds from terrestrial and marine organisms have extensive past and present use in the treatment of many diseases and serve as compounds of interest both in their natural form and as templates for synthetic modification. Over 20 new drugs launched on the market between 2000 and 2005, originating from terrestrial plants, terrestrial microorganisms, marine organisms, and terrestrial vertebrates and invertebrates, are described. These approved substances, representative of very wide chemical diversity, together with several other natural products or their analogs undergoing clinical trials, continue to demonstrate the importance of compounds from natural sources in modern drug discovery efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young-Won Chin
- />Division of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, 43210 Columbus, OH
| | - Marcy J. Balunas
- />Division of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, 43210 Columbus, OH
- />Program for Collaborative Research in the Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, 60612 Chicago, IL
| | - Hee Byung Chai
- />Division of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, 43210 Columbus, OH
| | - A. Douglas Kinghorn
- />Division of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, 43210 Columbus, OH
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Kanamori-Kataoka M, Seto Y, Kuramoto M. Development of a Method for Determining Illudin S in Food by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1248/jhs.52.237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Yasuo Seto
- Fourth Chemistry Section, National Research Institute of Police Science
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Butler MS. Natural products to drugs: natural product derived compounds in clinical trials. Nat Prod Rep 2005; 22:162-95. [PMID: 15806196 DOI: 10.1039/b402985m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 337] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Natural product and natural product-derived compounds that are being evaluated in clinical trials or in registration (current 31 December 2004) have been reviewed. Natural product derived drugs launched in the United States of America, Europe and Japan since 1998 and new natural product templates discovered since 1990 are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark S Butler
- MerLion Pharmaceuticals, 1 Science Park Road, The Capricorn #05-01, Singapore Science Park II, Singapore 117528.
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Bose G, Nguyen VTH, Ullah E, Lahiri S, Görls H, Langer P. Domino “[3+3]-Cyclization-Homo-Michael” Reactions of 1,3-Bissilyl Enol Ethers with 1,1-Diacylcyclopropanes. J Org Chem 2004; 69:9128-34. [PMID: 15609946 DOI: 10.1021/jo0485278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The Lewis acid mediated domino "[3+3]-cyclization-homo-Michael" reaction of 1,3-bissilyl enol ethers with 1,1-diacylcyclopropanes allows an efficient one-pot synthesis of functionalized salicylates containing a halogenated side chain. A great variety of substitution patterns could be realized by variation of the starting materials and of the Lewis acid. The mechanism of the domino process was studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gopal Bose
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Ernst-Moritz-Arndt Universität Greifswald, Soldmannstrasse 16, D-17487 Greifswald, Germany
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Quinkert G, Küber F, Knauf W, Wacker M, Koch U, Becker H, Nestler HP, Dürner G, Zimmermann G, Bats JW, Egert E. Synthese des Makrolid-Antibiotikums (−)-A26771B mit Photolactonisierung als Schlüsselreaktion und Computersimulation als effektive Optimierungshilfe. Helv Chim Acta 2004. [DOI: 10.1002/hlca.19910740828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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48
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Dick RA, Yu X, Kensler TW. NADPH alkenal/one oxidoreductase activity determines sensitivity of cancer cells to the chemotherapeutic alkylating agent irofulven. Clin Cancer Res 2004; 10:1492-9. [PMID: 14977853 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-03-0162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Illudins S and M are extremely cytotoxic products of the fungus Omphalotus illudens. They were evaluated as possible anticancer chemotherapeutic agents but displayed unfavorable therapeutic indices. Irofulven (6-hydroxymethylacylfulvene), a less toxic, synthetic derivative of illudin S, has proven very effective in many preclinical and clinical studies. It has been postulated that metabolism via hydrogenation of the 8,9-double bonds of these molecules would unmask the electrophilic, and thus, the toxic nature of their cyclopropyl moieties. Illudins S and M were found to be rapidly metabolized by NADPH-dependent alkenal/one oxidoreductase (AOR) with maximal rates of 115.9 and 44.1 micromol x min(-1) mg(-1), and K(m)s of 308 and 109 microM, respectively. Irofulven was reduced at a much slower rate: V(max) 275 nmol min(-1) mg(-1) and K(m) 145 microM. Human 293 cells transfected with an AOR overexpression vector were 100-fold more sensitive than control cells to irofulven, but displayed little differential sensitivity to illudin M. Addition of glutathione to the alpha,beta-unsaturated ketone moiety of illudin M, but not irofulven, occurred readily at physiological concentrations. Electrophilic intermediates of irofulven and illudin M that were activated by AOR were trapped with glutathione and identified by high performance liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry. Samples of the 60 human tumor cell line panel used by the National Cancer Institute to evaluate potential chemotherapeutic compounds were assayed for AOR activity, which correlated positively with previously determined growth inhibitory measures for irofulven, but not illudin M or S. Collectively, these data indicate that bioactivation of irofulven by AOR plays a predominant role in its chemotherapeutic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan A Dick
- Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA
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49
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McMorris TC, Cong Q, Kelner MJ. Structure−Activity Relationship Studies of Illudins: Analogues Possessing a Spiro-cyclobutane Ring. J Org Chem 2003; 68:9648-53. [PMID: 14656090 DOI: 10.1021/jo0346499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Bicyclic and tricyclic analogues of anticancer sesquiterpene illudin S have been synthesized. These contain a spiro-cyclobutane instead of spiro-cyclopropane structure. The cytotoxicity of the former is less than that of the corresponding cyclopropane-containing compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trevor C McMorris
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093-0506, USA.
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50
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Gonzalez del Val A, Platas G, Arenal F, Orihuela JC, Garcia M, Hernández P, Royo I, De Pedro N, Silver LL, Young K, Vicente MF, Pelaez F. Novel illudins from Coprinopsis episcopalis (syn. Coprinus episcopalis), and the distribution of illudin-like compounds among filamentous fungi. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2003; 107:1201-9. [PMID: 14635768 DOI: 10.1017/s0953756203008487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The illudins are a family of fungal sesquiterpenes that have been studied as anti-tumor agents, and they also have antibacterial activity. Over a four-year period, 25 304 fungal isolates (approximately 97% ascomycetes and 3% basidiomycetes), were screened for antibacterial activity against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Illudin-like compounds with antibacterial and cytotoxic activity against tumor cell lines were observed in 10 basidiomycete strains. The isolates were recovered from different types of substrata using indirect methods and only formed sterile mycelia in pure culture. The isolates were genetically related but not identical, based on PCR-based fingerprinting techniques. DNA sequencing of the ITS1-5.8 S-ITS2 region of the strains revealed that nine had identical sequences, indicating that they were conspecific. The sequence of the remaining isolate was 96.34% similar, suggesting that it was a closely related species. The D1-D2 region of the 25 S rRNA gene of the two strain types was also sequenced. Both sequences were 99.39% similar, and Coprinopsis gonophylla (syn. Coprinus gonophyllus) was the closest match for both. Strains were grown in pure culture on a rice-based medium that allowed the development of basidiomata from one culture of the main strain type, which was identified as C. episcopalis, a close relative of C. gonophyllus. Both species (or strain types) produced different types of illudin-like compounds. Three novel illudins (I, I2 and J2) were found to be produced by the cultures identified as C. episcopalis, while only illudinic acid was produced by the other Coprinopsis sp. The taxonomical relationships of the Coprinops is species identified in this study with other illudin producers previously reported in the literature are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Gonzalez del Val
- Centro de Investigación Básica, Merck Sharp & Dohme Research Laboratories, Josefa Valcárcel 38, E-28027 Madrid, Spain.
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