1
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Kirk BP, Bjuggren JM, Andersson GG, Dastoor P, Andersson MR. Printing and Coating Techniques for Scalable Organic Photovoltaic Fabrication. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 17:2511. [PMID: 38893776 PMCID: PMC11173114 DOI: 10.3390/ma17112511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2024] [Revised: 05/13/2024] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
Within recent years, there has been an increased interest towards organic photovoltaics (OPVs), especially with their significant device performance reaching beyond 19% since 2022. With these advances in the device performance of laboratory-scaled OPVs, there has also been more attention directed towards using printing and coating methods that are compatible with large-scale fabrication. Though large-area (>100 cm2) OPVs have reached an efficiency of 15%, this is still behind that of laboratory-scale OPVs. There also needs to be more focus on determining strategies for improving the lifetime of OPVs that are suitable for scalable manufacturing, as well as methods for reducing material and manufacturing costs. In this paper, we compare several printing and coating methods that are employed to fabricate OPVs, with the main focus towards the deposition of the active layer. This includes a comparison of performances at laboratory (<1 cm2), small (1-10 cm2), medium (10-100 cm2), and large (>100 cm2) active area fabrications, encompassing devices that use scalable printing and coating methods for only the active layer, as well as "fully printed/coated" devices. The article also compares the research focus of each of the printing and coating techniques and predicts the general direction that scalable and large-scale OPVs will head towards.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bradley P. Kirk
- Flinders Institute for Nanoscale Science and Technology, College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University, Sturt Road, Bedford Park, Adelaide, SA 5042, Australia
| | - Jonas M. Bjuggren
- Centre for Organic Electronics, University of Newcastle, University Drive, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
| | - Gunther G. Andersson
- Flinders Institute for Nanoscale Science and Technology, College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University, Sturt Road, Bedford Park, Adelaide, SA 5042, Australia
| | - Paul Dastoor
- Centre for Organic Electronics, University of Newcastle, University Drive, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
| | - Mats R. Andersson
- Flinders Institute for Nanoscale Science and Technology, College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University, Sturt Road, Bedford Park, Adelaide, SA 5042, Australia
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2
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Ren S, Zhang W, Chen J, Yassar A. Theoretical and Experimental Study of Different Side Chains on 3,4-Ethylenedioxythiophene and Diketopyrrolopyrrole-Derived Polymers: Towards Organic Transistors. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1099. [PMID: 38256172 PMCID: PMC10816275 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25021099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Revised: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
In this research, two polymers of P1 and P2 based on monomers consisting of thiophene, 3,4-Ethylenedioxythiophene (EDOT) and diketopyrrolopyrrole (DPP) are designed and obtained via Stille coupling polycondensation. The material shows excellent coplanarity and structural regularity due to the fine planarity of DPP itself and the weak non-covalent bonding interactions existing between the three units. Two different lengths of non-conjugated side chains are introduced and this has an effect on the intermolecular chain stacking, causing the film absorption to display different characteristic properties. On the other hand, the difference in the side chains does not have a significant effect on the thermal stability and the energy levels of the frontier orbitals of the materials, which is related to the fact that the materials both feature extremely high conjugation lengths and specific molecular compositions. Microscopic investigations targeting the side chains provide a contribution to the further design of organic semiconductor materials that meet device requirements. Tests based on organic transistors show a slight difference in conductivity between the two polymers, with P2 having better hole mobility than P1. This study highlights the importance of the impact of side chains on device performance, especially in the field of organic electronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiwei Ren
- Advanced Materials Laboratory, Zhuhai-Fudan Innovation Institute, Guangdong-Macao in-Depth Cooperation Zone in Hengqin, Hengqin 519000, China;
| | - Wenqing Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China;
| | - Jinyang Chen
- Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China;
| | - Abderrahim Yassar
- Laboratory of Physics of Interfaces and Thin Films, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, 91128 Palaiseau, France
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3
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Ejaz I, Ahsan F, Asif M, Ayub K. Polaronic state of conducting oligomer as a new approach to design non-lieaner optical materials: A case study of oligofurans. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2024; 304:123288. [PMID: 37634328 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2023.123288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Revised: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/19/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023]
Abstract
The geometric, electronic and nonlinear optical properties of neutral and polaron based oligofurans are studied comparatively. We have reported the role of polaron to trigger the nonlinear optical response of oligofurans (nFu). The polaron based oligomers show excellent opto-electronic properties. The effect of polaron on nFu* chains is measured by electronic properties i.e (ionization energy, electron affinity, band gap) and global reactivity descriptors like softness, hardness and chemical potential than their neutral counterpart. An interesting trends of reactivity descriptors have been observed. Lower band gaps (EH-L = 4.66 and 4.41 eV) are observed for polaronic systems as compared to their neutral counterpart. On the other hand, the TD-DFT study further demonstrated that, as the size of chain increases, the absorption maxima (λmax) also increases with significant reduction in excitation energies (ΔE). Furthermore, the nonlinear optical response is confirmed through the linear polarizability (αo), static first order hyperpolarizability (βo) and dynamic (frequency denepndent) hyperpolarizability. Electric filed induced second harmonic generation (EFISHG) and electro-optic pockle effect (EOPE) at 532 nm and 1064 nm, commonly used lasers frequencies have also been employed. Our results showed that the maximum hyperpolarizabilities are observed for polaron based 7Fu* and 9Fu* i.e 1.3 × 104, and 3.1 × 104 au. This study concluded that these polaron based organic polymers (nFu*) are useful as an efficient NLO material with vast applications in different fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iqra Ejaz
- Department of Chemistry, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus, Abbottabad, KPK 22060, Pakistan
| | - Faiza Ahsan
- Department of Chemistry, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus, Abbottabad, KPK 22060, Pakistan
| | - Misbah Asif
- Department of Chemistry, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus, Abbottabad, KPK 22060, Pakistan
| | - Khurshid Ayub
- Department of Chemistry, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus, Abbottabad, KPK 22060, Pakistan.
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4
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Xu M, Wei C, Zhang Y, Chen J, Li H, Zhang J, Sun L, Liu B, Lin J, Yu M, Xie L, Huang W. Coplanar Conformational Structure of π-Conjugated Polymers for Optoelectronic Applications. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2301671. [PMID: 37364981 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202301671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Revised: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
Hierarchical structure of conjugated polymers is critical to dominating their optoelectronic properties and applications. Compared to nonplanar conformational segments, coplanar conformational segments of conjugated polymers (CPs) demonstrate favorable properties for applications as a semiconductor. Herein, recent developments in the coplanar conformational structure of CPs for optoelectronic devices are summarized. First, this review comprehensively summarizes the unique properties of planar conformational structures. Second, the characteristics of the coplanar conformation in terms of optoelectrical properties and other polymer physics characteristics are emphasized. Five primary characterization methods for investigating the complanate backbone structures are illustrated, providing a systematical toolbox for studying this specific conformation. Third, internal and external conditions for inducing the coplanar conformational structure are presented, offering guidelines for designing this conformation. Fourth, the optoelectronic applications of this segment, such as light-emitting diodes, solar cells, and field-effect transistors, are briefly summarized. Finally, a conclusion and outlook for the coplanar conformational segment regarding molecular design and applications are provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Man Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Electronics and Information Displays & School of Chemistry and Life Sciences & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Chuanxin Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Electronics and Information Displays & School of Chemistry and Life Sciences & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Yunlong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Electronics and Information Displays & School of Chemistry and Life Sciences & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Jiefeng Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Electronics and Information Displays & School of Chemistry and Life Sciences & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Hao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Electronics and Information Displays & School of Chemistry and Life Sciences & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Jingrui Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Electronics and Information Displays & School of Chemistry and Life Sciences & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Lili Sun
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing, 211816, China
| | - Bin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Electronics and Information Displays & School of Chemistry and Life Sciences & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Jinyi Lin
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing, 211816, China
| | - Mengna Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Electronics and Information Displays & School of Chemistry and Life Sciences & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Linghai Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Electronics and Information Displays & School of Chemistry and Life Sciences & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Wei Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Electronics and Information Displays & School of Chemistry and Life Sciences & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, Nanjing, 210023, China
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing, 211816, China
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics (FSCFE), Shaanxi Institute of Flexible Electronics (SIFE) & Shaanxi Institute of Biomedical Materials and Engineering (SIBME), Northwestern Polytechnical University (NPU), 127 West Youyi Road, Xi'an, 710072, China
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5
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Chen M, Chu R, Kistemaker JCM, Burn PL, Gentle IR, Shaw PE. Perylene Diimide Based Fluorescent Sensors for Drug Simulant Detection: The Effect of Alkyl-Chain Branching on Film Morphology, Exciton Diffusion, Vapor Diffusion, and Sensing Response. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:56386-56396. [PMID: 37982219 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c10797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2023]
Abstract
Luminescence-based sensing has been demonstrated to be a powerful method for rapid trace detection of chemical vapors (analytes). Analyte diffusion has been shown to be the critical factor for real-time luminescence-based detection of explosive analytes via photoinduced electron transfer in amorphous films of conjugated polymers and dendrimers. However, similar studies to determine the critical factors for sensing have not been performed on materials that employ photoinduced hole transfer (PHT) to detect low electron affinity analytes such as illicit drugs. Nor have such studies been performed on semicrystalline sensing films. We have developed a family of perylene diimide-based sensing materials capable of undergoing PHT with amine-group containing analytes. It was found that the choice of branched alkyl chain [1-hexylheptyl (PHH), 2-hexyloctyl (PHO), or 2,2-dihexyloctyl (PDHO)] attached to the nitrogen atoms of the imide moiety strongly affected the solution-processed film morphology. PHH and PHO were found to contain crystalline phases, whereas PDHO was essentially amorphous. The degree of crystallinity strongly influenced exciton diffusion, with PHH and PHO exhibiting exciton diffusion coefficients that were 20× and 10× greater than the value of the amorphous PDHO. The degree of film crystallinity was also found to be critical when the films were applied to detect N-methylphenethylamine (MPEA), a simulant of methamphetamine. While PHH had the largest exciton diffusion coefficient [(1.0 ± 0.2) × 10-2 cm2 s-1] and analyte uptake (12.3 ± 1.8 ng) it showed the smallest quenching efficiency (2.6% ng-1). In contrast, PHO, which sorbed the least analyte (6.1 ± 0.4 ng) of the three compounds, had the largest quenching efficiency (7.1% ng-1) due to its molecular packing and hence exciton diffusion coefficient [(4.5 ± 1.4) × 10-3 cm2 s-1] not being affected by sorption of the analyte. These results show that when applying fluorescent films in practical detection scenarios there is a potential trade-off between a high exciton diffusion constant and analyte diffusion for semicrystalline sensing materials and that a high exciton diffusion coefficient in an as-cast film does not necessarily translate into a more efficient fluorescent quenching. The results also show that sensing materials that form semicrystalline films, whose packing is not disrupted by analyte diffusion, provide a route for overcoming these effects and achieving high sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Chen
- Centre for Organic Photonics & Electronics, School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Ronan Chu
- Centre for Organic Photonics & Electronics, School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Jos C M Kistemaker
- Centre for Organic Photonics & Electronics, School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Paul L Burn
- Centre for Organic Photonics & Electronics, School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Ian R Gentle
- Centre for Organic Photonics & Electronics, School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Paul E Shaw
- Centre for Organic Photonics & Electronics, School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Queensland 4072, Australia
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6
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Makki H, Burke CA, Troisi A. Microstructural Model of Indacenodithiophene- co-benzothiadiazole Polymer: π-Crossing Interactions and Their Potential Impact on Charge Transport. J Phys Chem Lett 2023; 14:8867-8873. [PMID: 37756473 PMCID: PMC10561260 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.3c02305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
Morphological and electronic properties of indacenodithiophene-co-benzothiadiazole (IDTBT) copolymer with varying molecular weights are calculated through combined molecular dynamics (MD) and quantum chemical (QC) methods. Our study focuses on the polymer chain arrangements, interchain connectivity pathways, and interplay between morphological and electronic structure properties of IDTBT. Our models, which are verified against GIWAXS measurements, show a considerable number of BT-BT π-π interactions with a (preferential) perpendicular local orientation of polymer chains due to the steric hindrance of bulky side chains around IDT. Although our models predict a noncrystalline structure for IDTBT, the BT-BT (interchain) crossing points show a considerable degree of short-range order in spatial arrangement which most likely result in a mesh-like structure for the polymer and provide efficient pathways for interchain charge transport.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hesam Makki
- Department
of Chemistry and Materials Innovation Factory, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZD, U.K.
| | - Colm A. Burke
- Department
of Chemistry and Materials Innovation Factory, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZD, U.K.
| | - Alessandro Troisi
- Department
of Chemistry and Materials Innovation Factory, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZD, U.K.
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7
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Wei Z, Chen Y, Wang J, Yang T, Zhao Z, Zhu S. De Novo Synthesis of α-Oligo(arylfuran)s and Its Application in OLED as Hole-Transporting Material. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202203444. [PMID: 36517415 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202203444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Revised: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Tuning the photophysical properties of π-conjugated oligomers by functionalization of skeleton, to achieve an optically and electronically advantageous building block for organic semiconductor materials is a vital yet challenging task. In this work, a series of structurally well-defined polyaryl-functionalized α-oligofurans, in which aryl groups are introduced precisely into each of the furan units, are rapidly and efficiently synthesized by de novo metal-free synthesis of α-bi(arylfuran) monomers for the first time. This new synthetic strategy nicely circumvents the cumbersome substituent introduction process in the later stage by the preinstallation of the desired aryl groups in the starting material. The characterization of α-oligo(arylfuran)s demonstrates that photoelectric properties of coplanar α-oligo(arylfuran)s can be tuned through varying aryl groups with different electrical properties. These novel α-oligo(arylfuran)s have good hole transport capacity and can function as hole-transporting layers in organic light-emitting diodes, which is indicative of significant breakthrough in the application of α-oligofurans materials in OLEDs. And our findings offer an avenue for the ingenious use of α-oligo(arylfuran)s as p-type organic semiconductors for OLEDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuwen Wei
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Engineering of Guangdong Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, 510640, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Yang Chen
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Engineering of Guangdong Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, 510640, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Jianghui Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and, Devices, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of, Luminescence from Molecular Aggregates, South China University of Technology, 510640, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Tao Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and, Devices, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of, Luminescence from Molecular Aggregates, South China University of Technology, 510640, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Zujin Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and, Devices, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of, Luminescence from Molecular Aggregates, South China University of Technology, 510640, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Shifa Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Engineering of Guangdong Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, 510640, Guangzhou, P. R. China
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8
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Roy P, Anandan GT, Nayak N, Kumar A, Dasgupta J. Raman Snapshots of Side-Chain Dependent Polaron Dynamics in PolyThiophene Films. J Phys Chem B 2023; 127:567-576. [PMID: 36599044 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.2c06185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Photogenerated polarons in π-conjugated polymers are the precursors to free charges at donor-acceptor interfaces. Unraveling the relationship between film morphology and polaron formation is conjectured to enable efficient charge generation in organic photovoltaic devices. However, it has been challenging to track the ultrafast dynamics of polarons selectively and thus evaluate the molecular coordinates that drive charge generation in films. Using a combination of broadband femtosecond transient absorption and resonance-selective femtosecond stimulated Raman spectroscopy, here, we investigate the polaron generation dynamics exclusively in traditional crystalline poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT) and its amorphous side-chain variant poly(3-(2-ethylhexyl)thiophene-2,5-diyl) (P3EHT) films. The transient Raman data unequivocally provides evidence for an initial delocalization of the polaronic states via thiophene backbone planarization in ∼100 fs while capturing the subsequent morphology-dependent cooling dynamics in a few picoseconds. Our work highlights the structural significance of crystalline morphology in generating hot-charges and thereby emphasizes the importance of side-chain engineering in designing highly efficient conjugated polymer films for hot-carrier photovoltaic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Palas Roy
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, 1 Homi Bhabha Road, Mumbai 400005, India
| | - Gokul T Anandan
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, 1 Homi Bhabha Road, Mumbai 400005, India
| | - Nagaraj Nayak
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai 400076, India
| | - Anil Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai 400076, India
| | - Jyotishman Dasgupta
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, 1 Homi Bhabha Road, Mumbai 400005, India
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9
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Hong JA, Jeong M, Park S, Lee A, Kim HS, Jeong S, Kim DW, Cho S, Yang C, Song MH. Efficient and Moisture-Stable Inverted Perovskite Solar Cells via n-Type Small-Molecule-Assisted Surface Treatment. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2023; 10:e2205127. [PMID: 36417576 PMCID: PMC9875621 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202205127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Revised: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Defect states at the surface and grain boundaries of perovskite films have been known to be major determinants impairing the optoelectrical properties of perovskite films and the stability of perovskite solar cells (PeSCs). Herein, an n-type conjugated small-molecule additive based on fused-unit dithienothiophen[3,2-b]-pyrrolobenzothiadiazole-core (JY16) is developed for efficient and stable PeSCs, where JY16 possesses the same backbone as the widely used Y6 but with long-linear n-hexadecyl side chains rather than branched side chains. Upon introducing JY16 into the perovskite films, the electron-donating functional groups of JY16 passivate defect states in perovskite films and increase the grain size of perovskite films through Lewis acid-base interactions. Compared to Y6, JY16 exhibits superior charge mobility owing to its molecular packing ability and prevents decomposition of perovskite films under moisture conditions owing to their hydrophobic characteristics, improving the charge extraction ability and moisture stability of PeSCs. Consequently, the PeSC with JY16 shows a high power conversion efficiency of 21.35%, which is higher than those of the PeSC with Y6 (20.12%) and without any additive (18.12%), and outstanding moisture stability under 25% relative humidity, without encapsulation. The proposed organic semiconducting additive will prove to be crucial for achieving highly efficient and moisture stable PeSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji A Hong
- Department of Materials Science and EngineeringUlsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST)Ulsan44919Republic of Korea
| | - Mingyu Jeong
- Department of Energy EngineeringSchool of Energy and Chemical EngineeringPerovtronics Research CenterLow dimensional Carbon Materials CenterUlsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST)Ulsan44919Republic of Korea
- KEPCO Research InstituteKorea Electric Power Corporation105, Munji‐ro, Yuseong‐guDaejeon34056Republic of Korea
| | - Sujung Park
- Department of Physics and EHSRCUniversity of UlsanUlsan44610Republic of Korea
| | - Ah‐Young Lee
- Department of Materials Science and EngineeringUlsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST)Ulsan44919Republic of Korea
| | - Hye Seung Kim
- Department of Materials Science and EngineeringUlsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST)Ulsan44919Republic of Korea
| | - Seonghun Jeong
- Department of Energy EngineeringSchool of Energy and Chemical EngineeringPerovtronics Research CenterLow dimensional Carbon Materials CenterUlsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST)Ulsan44919Republic of Korea
| | - Dae Woo Kim
- Department of Materials Science and EngineeringUlsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST)Ulsan44919Republic of Korea
| | - Shinuk Cho
- Department of Physics and EHSRCUniversity of UlsanUlsan44610Republic of Korea
| | - Changduk Yang
- Department of Energy EngineeringSchool of Energy and Chemical EngineeringPerovtronics Research CenterLow dimensional Carbon Materials CenterUlsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST)Ulsan44919Republic of Korea
- Graduate School of Carbon NeutralityUlsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST)50 UNIST‐gil, Ulju‐gunUlsan44919Republic of Korea
| | - Myoung Hoon Song
- Department of Materials Science and EngineeringUlsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST)Ulsan44919Republic of Korea
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10
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Wong AR, Barrera M, Pal A, Lamb JR. Improved Characterization of Polyoxazolidinones by Incorporating Solubilizing Side Chains. Macromolecules 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.2c02104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Allison R. Wong
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota─Twin Cities, 207 Pleasant Street SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota55455, United States
| | - Melissa Barrera
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota─Twin Cities, 207 Pleasant Street SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota55455, United States
| | - Arpan Pal
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota─Twin Cities, 207 Pleasant Street SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota55455, United States
| | - Jessica R. Lamb
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota─Twin Cities, 207 Pleasant Street SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota55455, United States
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11
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Crystallization of D-A Conjugated Polymers: A Review of Recent Research. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14214612. [DOI: 10.3390/polym14214612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Revised: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
D-A conjugated polymers are key materials for organic solar cells and organic thin-film transistors, and their film structure is one of the most important factors in determining device performance. The formation of film structure largely depends on the crystallization process, but the crystallization of D-A conjugated polymers is not well understood. In this review, we attempted to achieve a clearer understanding of the crystallization of D-A conjugated polymers. We first summarized the features of D-A conjugated polymers, which can affect their crystallization process. Then, the crystallization process of D-A conjugated polymers was discussed, including the possible chain conformations in the solution as well as the nucleation and growth processes. After that, the crystal structure of D-A conjugated polymers, including the molecular orientation and polymorphism, was reviewed. We proposed that the nucleation process and the orientation of the nuclei on the substrate are critical for the crystal structure. Finally, we summarized the possible crystal morphologies of D-A conjugated polymers and explained their formation process in terms of nucleation and growth processes. This review provides fundamental knowledge on how to manipulate the crystallization process of D-A conjugated polymers to regulate their film structure.
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12
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Kwok JJ, Park KS, Patel BB, Dilmurat R, Beljonne D, Zuo X, Lee B, Diao Y. Understanding Solution State Conformation and Aggregate Structure of Conjugated Polymers via Small Angle X-ray Scattering. Macromolecules 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.1c02449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Justin J. Kwok
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 1304 W. Green St., Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Kyung Sun Park
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 600 S. Mathews Ave., Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Bijal B. Patel
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 600 S. Mathews Ave., Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Rishat Dilmurat
- Laboratory for Chemistry of Novel Materials, University of Mons, Place du Parc, 20, B-7000 Mons, Belgium
| | - David Beljonne
- Laboratory for Chemistry of Novel Materials, University of Mons, Place du Parc, 20, B-7000 Mons, Belgium
| | - Xiaobing Zuo
- Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Byeongdu Lee
- Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Ying Diao
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 1304 W. Green St., Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 600 S. Mathews Ave., Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
- Beckman Institute, Molecular Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 405 N. Mathews Ave., Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
- Frederick Seitz Materials Research Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 104 S. Goodwin Ave., Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
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13
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Synthesis, characterizations and photovoltaic applications of a thickness-insensitive benzodifuran based copolymer. Eur Polym J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2022.111189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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14
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Fu H, Li Y, Wu Z, Lin FR, Woo HY, Jen AKY. Side-chain Substituents on Benzotriazole-based Polymer Acceptors Affecting the Performance of All-polymer Solar Cells. Macromol Rapid Commun 2022; 43:e2200062. [PMID: 35318766 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202200062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Revised: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Recently, the strategy of polymerized small-molecule acceptors (PSMAs) has attracted extensive attention for applications in all-polymer solar cells (all-PSCs). Although side-chain engineering is considered as a simple and effective strategy for manipulating polymer properties, the corresponding effect on photovoltaic performance of PSMAs in all-PSCs has not been systemically investigated. Herein, we present a series of PSMAs based on the benzotriazole (BTz)-core fused SMAs with different N-alkyl chains including branched 2-butyloctyl, linear n-octyl, and methyl on the BTz unit, namely PZT-C12, PZT-C8, and PZT-C1, respectively. Comparative studies show that the size of alkyl chains has a significant impact on the solid-state behavior of PZT polymers, which in turn affects their light absorption and charge transporting capacities, and subsequently the all-PSC performances. When combining with the polymer donor PBDB-T, PZT-C1 affords a champion power conversion efficiency of 14.9%, compared to 13.1% of PZT-C12, and 13.8% of PZT-C8 in the resultant all-PSCs, mainly benefiting from its better crystallinity and the more favorable blend morphology. This work emphasizes the importance of optimizing side-chain substituents on PSMAs for improving the device efficiency of all-PSCs. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiting Fu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, 999077, Hong Kong.,Hong Kong Institute for Clean Energy, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, 999077, Hong Kong
| | - Yuxiang Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Xi'an University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, 710054, P. R. China
| | - Ziang Wu
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Korea University, Seoul, 136-713, Republic of Korea
| | - Francis R Lin
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, 999077, Hong Kong.,Hong Kong Institute for Clean Energy, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, 999077, Hong Kong
| | - Han Young Woo
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Korea University, Seoul, 136-713, Republic of Korea
| | - Alex K-Y Jen
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, 999077, Hong Kong.,Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, 999077, Hong Kong.,Hong Kong Institute for Clean Energy, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, 999077, Hong Kong.,Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, 98195-2120, United States
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15
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Peng Z, Ye L, Ade H. Understanding, quantifying, and controlling the molecular ordering of semiconducting polymers: from novices to experts and amorphous to perfect crystals. MATERIALS HORIZONS 2022; 9:577-606. [PMID: 34878458 DOI: 10.1039/d0mh00837k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Molecular packing and texture of semiconducting polymers are often critical to the performance of devices using these materials. Although frameworks exist to quantify the ordering, interpretations are often just qualitative, resulting in imprecise use of terminology. Here, we reemphasize the significance of quantifying molecular ordering in terms of degree of crystallinity (volume fractions that are ordered) and quality of ordering and their relation to the size scale of an ordered region. We are motivated in part by our own imprecise and inconsistent use of terminology in the past, as well as the need to have a primer or tutorial reference to teach new group members. We strive to develop and use consistent terminology with regards to crystallinity, semicrystallinity, paracrystallinity, and related characteristics. To account for vastly different quality of ordering along different directions, we classify paracrystals into 2D and 3D paracrystals and use paracrystallite to describe the spatial extent of molecular ordering in 1-10 nm. We show that a deeper understanding of molecular ordering can be achieved by combining grazing-incidence wide-angle X-ray scattering and differential scanning calorimetry, even though not all aspects of these measurements are consistent, and some classification appears to be method dependent. We classify a broad range of representative polymers under common processing conditions into five categories based on the quantitative analysis of the paracrystalline disorder parameter (g) and thermal transitions. A small database is presented for 13 representative conjugated and insulating polymers ranging from amorphous to semi-paracrystalline. Finally, we outline the challenges to rationally design more perfect polymer crystals and propose a new molecular design approach that envisions conceptual molecular grafting that is akin to strained and unstrained hetero-epitaxy in classic (compound) semiconductors thin film growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengxing Peng
- Department of Physics and Organic and Carbon Electronics Laboratories (ORaCEL), North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, USA.
| | - Long Ye
- Department of Physics and Organic and Carbon Electronics Laboratories (ORaCEL), North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, USA.
| | - Harald Ade
- Department of Physics and Organic and Carbon Electronics Laboratories (ORaCEL), North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, USA.
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16
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Ponder JF, Gregory SA, Atassi A, Menon AK, Lang AW, Savagian LR, Reynolds JR, Yee SK. Significant Enhancement of the Electrical Conductivity of Conjugated Polymers by Post-Processing Side Chain Removal. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:1351-1360. [PMID: 35007084 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c11558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The processability and electronic properties of conjugated polymers (CPs) have become increasingly important due to the potential of these materials in redox and solid-state devices for a broad range of applications. To solubilize CPs, side chains are needed, but such side chains reduce the relative fraction of electroactive material in the film, potentially obstructing π-π intermolecular interactions, localizing charge carriers, and compromising desirable optoelectronic properties. To reduce the deleterious effects of side chains, we demonstrate that post-processing side chain removal, exemplified here via ester hydrolysis, significantly increases the electrical conductivity of chemically doped CP films. Beginning with a model system consisting of an ester functionalized ProDOT copolymerized with a dimethylProDOT, we used a variety of methods to assess the changes in polymer film volume and morphology upon hydrolysis and resulting active material densification. Via a combination of electrochemistry, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and charge transport models, we demonstrate that this increase in electrical conductivity is not due to an increase in degree of doping but an increase in charge carrier density and reduction in carrier localization that occurs due to side chain removal. With this improved understanding of side chain hydrolysis, we then apply this method to high-performance ProDOT-alt-EDOTx copolymers. After hydrolysis, these ProDOT-alt-EDOTx copolymers yield exceptional electrical conductivities (∼700 S/cm), outperforming all previously reported oligoether-/glycol-based CP systems. Ultimately, this methodology advances the ability to solution process highly electrically conductive CP films.
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Affiliation(s)
- James F Ponder
- George W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Shawn A Gregory
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Amalie Atassi
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Akanksha K Menon
- George W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Augustus W Lang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Lisa R Savagian
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - John R Reynolds
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States.,School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Center for Organic Photonics and Electronics, Georgia Tech Polymer Network, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Shannon K Yee
- George W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
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17
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Shaikh SA, Birajdar SS, Ambore SD, Puyad AL, Vijayanand P, Bhosale SV, Bhosale SV. A minireview on diketopyrrolopyrrole chemistry: Historical perspective and recent developments. RESULTS IN CHEMISTRY 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rechem.2022.100473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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18
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Li C, Zhu R, Lai J, Tan J, Luo Y, Ye S. Conformational Order of Alkyl Side Chain of Poly(3-alkylthiophene) Promotes Hole-Extraction Ability in Perovskite/Poly(3-alkylthiophene) Heterojunction. J Phys Chem Lett 2021; 12:11817-11823. [PMID: 34870995 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.1c03495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Molecular structures of hole transport materials (HTMs) have significant impact on the optoelectronic properties of perovskite/HTM heterojunction. But the structure-property relationship in the heterojunction remains poorly understood. By using poly(3-alkylthiophene) (P3AT) as the HTM model, here we apply sum frequency generation vibrational spectroscopy to establish correlations among conformations of P3ATs, the hole extraction ability of P3ATs from the perovskite layer, and the charge mobility of P3ATs. It is revealed that with similar energy-level alignment, the conformational order of alkyl side chains in regioregular P3ATs can effectively regulate the hole extraction ability of P3ATs from perovskite layer by tuning reorganization energy. By contrast, the charge mobility of P3ATs strongly depends on the P3AT backbone's coplanarity. Our findings decouple the roles of the long-hidden conformational order of alkyl side chain and the polythiophene backbone's coplanarity on the performance of perovskite/HTM heterojunction, offering useful guidelines for boosting the performance of optoelectronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuanzhao Li
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information & Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Renlong Zhu
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information & Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Jing Lai
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information & Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Junjun Tan
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information & Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Yi Luo
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information & Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Shuji Ye
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information & Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
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19
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Rashid MAM, Ahn K, Jeon J, Cho M, Kim B, Lee KK, Kwak K. Quantum mechanical/molecular mechanical approach for the simulation of UV–Vis absorption spectra of π-conjugated oligomers. J Mol Liq 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2021.117406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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20
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Reisjalali M, Burgos-Mármol JJ, Manurung R, Troisi A. Local structuring of diketopyrrolopyrrole (DPP)-based oligomers from molecular dynamics simulations. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2021; 23:19693-19707. [PMID: 34525153 DOI: 10.1039/d1cp03257g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The microscopic structure of high mobility semiconducting polymers is known to be essential for their performance but it cannot be easily deduced from the available experimental data. A series of short oligomers of diketopyrrolopyrrole (DPP)-based materials that display high charge mobility are studied by molecular dynamics simulations to understand their local structuring at an atomic level. Different analyses are proposed to compare the ability of different oligomers to form large aggregates and their driving force. The simulations show that the tendency for this class of materials to form aggregates is driven by the interaction between DPP fragments, but this is modulated by the other conjugated fragments of the materials which affect the rigidity of the polymer and, ultimately, the size of the aggregates that are formed. The main structural features and the electronic structure of the oligomers are fairly similar above the glass transition temperature and at room temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Reisjalali
- Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, Crown Place, Liverpool, L69 7ZD, UK.
| | | | - Rex Manurung
- Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, Crown Place, Liverpool, L69 7ZD, UK.
| | - Alessandro Troisi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, Crown Place, Liverpool, L69 7ZD, UK.
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21
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Dauzon E, Sallenave X, Plesse C, Goubard F, Amassian A, Anthopoulos TD. Pushing the Limits of Flexibility and Stretchability of Solar Cells: A Review. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2021; 33:e2101469. [PMID: 34297433 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202101469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Revised: 04/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Emerging forms of soft, flexible, and stretchable electronics promise to revolutionize the electronics industries of the future offering radically new products that combine multiple functionalities, including power generation, with arbitrary form factor. For example, skin-like electronics promise to transform the human-machine-interface, but the softness of the skin is incompatible with traditional electronic components. To address this issue, new strategies toward soft and wearable electronic systems are currently being pursued, which also include stretchable photovoltaics as self-powering systems for use in autonomous and stretchable electronics of the future. Here recent developments in the field of stretchable photovoltaics are reviewed and their potential for various emerging applications are examined. Emphasis is placed on the different strategies to induce stretchability including extrinsic and intrinsic approaches. In the former case, engineering and patterning of the materials and devices are key elements while intrinsically stretchable systems rely on mechanically compliant materials such as elastomers and organic conjugated polymers. The result is a review article that provides a comprehensive summary of the progress to date in the field of stretchable solar cells from the nanoscale to macroscopic functional devices. The article is concluded by discussing the emerging trends and future developments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilie Dauzon
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), KAUST Solar Centre (KSC), Physical Science and Engineering Division, Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Cedric Plesse
- LPPI, CY Cergy Paris Université, Cergy, 95000, France
| | | | - Aram Amassian
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, and Organic and Carbon Electronic Laboratories (ORaCEL), North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA
| | - Thomas D Anthopoulos
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), KAUST Solar Centre (KSC), Physical Science and Engineering Division, Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
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22
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Zheng B, Huo L. Recent Advances of Furan and Its Derivatives Based Semiconductor Materials for Organic Photovoltaics. SMALL METHODS 2021; 5:e2100493. [PMID: 34928062 DOI: 10.1002/smtd.202100493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Revised: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
The state-of-the-art bulk-heterojunction (BHJ)-type organic solar cells (OSCs) have exhibited power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) of exceeding 18%. Thereinto, thiophene and its fused-ring derivatives play significant roles in facilitating the development of OSCs due to their excellent semiconducting natures. Furan as thiophene analogue, is a ubiquitous motif in naturally occurring organic compounds. Driven by the advantages of furan, such as less steric hindrance, good solubility, excellent stacking, strong rigidity and fluorescence, biomass derived fractions, more and more research groups focus on the furan-based materials for using in OSCs in the past decade. To systematically understand the developments of furan-based photovoltaic materials, the relationships between the molecular structures, optoelectronic properties, and photovoltaic performances for the furan-based semiconductor materials including single furan, benzofuran, benzodifuran (BDF) (containing thienobenzofuran (TBF)), naphthodifurans (NDF), and polycyclic furan are summarized. Finally, the empirical regularities and perspectives of the development of this kind of new organic semiconductor materials are extracted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Zheng
- School of Chemistry, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, P. R. China
| | - Lijun Huo
- School of Chemistry, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, P. R. China
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23
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Fritze L, Fest M, Helbig A, Bischof T, Krummenacher I, Braunschweig H, Finze M, Helten H. Boron-Doped α-Oligo- and Polyfurans: Highly Luminescent Hybrid Materials, Color-Tunable through the Doping Density. Macromolecules 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.1c01267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lars Fritze
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry and Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron (ICB), Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Maximilian Fest
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry and Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron (ICB), Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Andreas Helbig
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry and Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron (ICB), Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Tobias Bischof
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry and Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron (ICB), Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Ivo Krummenacher
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry and Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron (ICB), Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Holger Braunschweig
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry and Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron (ICB), Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Maik Finze
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry and Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron (ICB), Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Holger Helten
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry and Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron (ICB), Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
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24
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Yamanaka K, Saito M, Mikie T, Osaka I. Effect of Ester Side Chains on Photovoltaic Performance in Thiophene-Thiazolothiazole Copolymers. BULLETIN OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN 2021. [DOI: 10.1246/bcsj.20210172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kodai Yamanaka
- Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Hiroshima University, 1-4-1 Kagamiyama Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8527, Japan
| | - Masahiko Saito
- Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Hiroshima University, 1-4-1 Kagamiyama Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8527, Japan
| | - Tsubasa Mikie
- Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Hiroshima University, 1-4-1 Kagamiyama Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8527, Japan
| | - Itaru Osaka
- Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Hiroshima University, 1-4-1 Kagamiyama Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8527, Japan
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25
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Lim DH, Ha JW, Choi H, Yoon SC, Lee BR, Ko SJ. Recent progress of ultra-narrow-bandgap polymer donors for NIR-absorbing organic solar cells. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2021; 3:4306-4320. [PMID: 36133474 PMCID: PMC9419751 DOI: 10.1039/d1na00245g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Solution-processed near-infrared (NIR)-absorbing organic solar cells (OSCs) have been explored worldwide because of their potential as donor:acceptor bulk heterojunction (BHJ) blends. In addition, NIR-absorbing OSCs have attracted attention as high specialty equipment in next-generation optoelectronic devices, such as semitransparent solar cells and NIR photodetectors, owing to their feasibility for real-time commercial application in industry. With the introduction of NIR-absorbing non-fullerene acceptors (NFAs), the value of OSCs has been increasing while organic donor materials capable of absorbing light in the NIR region have not been actively studied yet compared to NIR-absorbing acceptor materials. Therefore, we present an overall understanding of NIR donors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dae-Hee Lim
- Division of Advanced Materials, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT) Daejeon 34114 South Korea
| | - Jong-Woon Ha
- Division of Advanced Materials, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT) Daejeon 34114 South Korea
| | - Hyosung Choi
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Nano Science & Technology, Research Institute for Natural Sciences, Hanyang University 04763 Seoul South Korea
| | - Sung Cheol Yoon
- Division of Advanced Materials, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT) Daejeon 34114 South Korea
| | - Bo Ram Lee
- Department of Physics, Pukyong National University 45 Yongso-ro, Nam-Gu Busan 48513 South Korea
| | - Seo-Jin Ko
- Division of Advanced Materials, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT) Daejeon 34114 South Korea
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26
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Significance of secondary forces toward improving the charge carrier mobility of Isoindigo based conjugated small molecules. Chem Phys Lett 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2021.138621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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27
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Design of All-Small-Molecule Organic Solar Cells Approaching 14% Efficiency via Isometric Terminal Alkyl Chain Engineering. ENERGIES 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/en14092505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Morphology is crucial to determining the photovoltaic performance of organic solar cells (OSCs). However, manipulating morphology involving only small-molecule donors and acceptors is extremely challenging. Herein, a simple terminal alkyl chain engineering process is introduced to fine-tune the morphology towards high-performance all-small-molecule (ASM) OSCs. We successfully chose a chlorinated two-dimension benzo[1,2-b:4,5-b′]dithiophene (BDT) central unit and two isomeric alkyl cyanoacetate as the end-capped moieties to conveniently synthesize two isomeric small-molecule donors, namely, BT-RO-Cl and BT-REH-Cl, each bearing linear n-octyl (O) as the terminal alkyl chain and another branched 2-ethylhexyl (EH) as the terminal alkyl chain. The terminal alkyl chain engineering process provided BT-RO-Cl with 13.35% efficiency and BT-REH-Cl with 13.90% efficiency ASM OSCs, both with Y6 as the electron acceptor. The successful performance resulted from uniform phase separation and the favorable combination of face-on and edge-on molecular stacking of blended small-molecule donors and acceptors, which formed a fluent 3D transport channel and thus delivered high and balanced carrier mobilities. These findings demonstrate that alkyl chain engineering can finely control the morphology of ASM OSCs, and provides an alternative for the optimal design of small-molecule materials towards high-performance ASM OSCs.
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28
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Li Y, Yu L, Chen L, Han C, Jiang H, Liu Z, Zheng N, Wang J, Sun M, Yang R, Bao X. Subtle Side Chain Triggers Unexpected Two-Channel Charge Transport Property Enabling 80% Fill Factors and Efficient Thick-Film Organic Photovoltaics. Innovation (N Y) 2021; 2:100090. [PMID: 34557744 PMCID: PMC8454635 DOI: 10.1016/j.xinn.2021.100090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
To clearly show how important the impact of side chains on organic solar cells (OSCs) is, we designed three acceptors IDIC-CxPh (x = 4, 5, or 6) via subtle side-chain regulation. Despite this small change, significant distinctions were detected. IDIC-C4Ph devices achieve an optimal efficiency of 13.94% under thermal annealing, but thermal-assistant solvent-vapor annealing hugely suppresses the efficiencies to 10%. However, the C6Ph side chain endows extremely disordered stacking orientations, generating moderate efficiencies of ~12.50%. Excitingly, the IDIC-C5Ph affords an unexpected two-channel π-π charge transport (TCCT) property, boosting the fill factor (FF) by up to 80.02% and efficiency to 14.56%, ranking the best among five-ring fused-ladder-type acceptors. Impressively, the special TCCT behavior of IDIC-C5Ph enables 470 nm thick-film OSC with a high FF of up to 70.12% and efficiency of 13.01%, demonstrating the great promise in fabricating large-scale OSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yonghai Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Bio-based Materials, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266101, China
- Functional Laboratory of Solar Energy, Shandong Energy Institute, Qingdao 266101, China
| | - Lu Yu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Bio-based Materials, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266101, China
- School of Material Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Liangliang Chen
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Chenyu Han
- CAS Key Laboratory of Bio-based Materials, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266101, China
| | - Huanxiang Jiang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Bio-based Materials, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266101, China
| | - Zitong Liu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Nan Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Jiuxing Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Mingliang Sun
- School of Material Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Renqiang Yang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Bio-based Materials, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266101, China
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Chemical Materials and Devices (Ministry of Education), School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Jianghan University, Wuhan 430056, China
| | - Xichang Bao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Bio-based Materials, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266101, China
- Functional Laboratory of Solar Energy, Shandong Energy Institute, Qingdao 266101, China
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29
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Luo N, Zhang G, Liu Z. Keep glowing and going: recent progress in diketopyrrolopyrrole synthesis towards organic optoelectronic materials. Org Chem Front 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1qo00613d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Recent progress in the syntheses of DPP derivatives is summarized as well as the structure–property relationships of the derivatives, including the syntheses of DPP cores, N-functionalization reactions, and π-extensions on and along the DPP cores.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry (SKLAOC)
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Lanzhou University
- Lanzhou 730000
- China
| | - Guanxin Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences
- CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids
- Institute of Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing 100190
| | - Zitong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry (SKLAOC)
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Lanzhou University
- Lanzhou 730000
- China
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30
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Bai Y, Xue LW, Wang HQ, Zhang ZG. Research Advances on Benzotriazole-based Organic Photovoltaic Materials. ACTA CHIMICA SINICA 2021. [DOI: 10.6023/a21050193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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31
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Luo N, Wang S, Su Z, Wang C. Novel synthesis of furancarboxylate derivatives via cyclization reactions of (E)-ethyl 3-aryl-2-cyanoacrylates and ethyl glycinate hydrochloride. JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL RESEARCH 2020. [DOI: 10.1177/1747519820959597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
An efficient synthetic approach for the preparation of densely substituted furans starting from ( E)-ethyl 3-aryl-2-cyanoacrylates and ethyl glycinate hydrochloride mediated by 1,8-diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec-7-ene in the presence of water is investigated. The reactions are carried out under mild conditions in N,N-dimethylformamide at 95 °C. The products are cleanly obtained in 50%–57% yields, resulting in an appealing alternative for accessing polysubstituted furan-2,4-dicarboxylates. The structure of a typical product, diethyl 5-amino-3-( p-tolyl)furan-2,4-dicarboxylate, is confirmed by X-ray crystallography.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naili Luo
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Shan Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Zhenjie Su
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Cunde Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, P.R. China
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32
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Yang H, Fan H, Wang Z, Yan H, Dong Y, Cui C, Ade H, Li Y. Impact of Isomer Design on Physicochemical Properties and Performance in High-Efficiency All-Polymer Solar Cells. Macromolecules 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.0c01405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hang Yang
- Laboratory of Advanced Optoelectronic Materials, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Hongyu Fan
- Laboratory of Advanced Optoelectronic Materials, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Zhen Wang
- Department of Physics and Organic and Carbon Electronics Laboratories (ORaCEL), North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
| | - Hongping Yan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Yingying Dong
- Laboratory of Advanced Optoelectronic Materials, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Chaohua Cui
- Laboratory of Advanced Optoelectronic Materials, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Harald Ade
- Department of Physics and Organic and Carbon Electronics Laboratories (ORaCEL), North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
| | - Yongfang Li
- Laboratory of Advanced Optoelectronic Materials, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
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33
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Ding Y, Zhao F, Kim S, Wang X, Lu H, Zhang G, Cho K, Qiu L. Azaisoindigo-Based Polymers with a Linear Hybrid Siloxane-Based Side Chain for High-Performance Semiconductors Processable with Nonchlorinated Solvents. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:41832-41841. [PMID: 32865385 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c11436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Developing nonchlorinated solvent-processed polymeric semiconductors to avoid environmental concerns and health hazards caused by chlorinated solvents is especially urgent. Here, a molecular design strategy, composed of backbone fluorination and side chain optimization, is used for preparing high-solubility and high-performance azaisoindigo-based polymers. The effects of different backbones and side chains on the solubility, film crystallinity, molecular stacking, and charge transport properties are mainly investigated. A long linear hybrid siloxane-based chain (C6-Si7) is chosen to improve the solubility, while the incorporation of fluorine (F) is used to enhance the film crystallinity and charge mobility. By optimizing the backbone and side chain, both solubility and charge mobility of the azaisoindigo-based polymer are significantly improved. As a result, PAIIDBFT-Si films processed with toluene, tetrahydrofuran, ether, and alkanes, achieved charge mobilities of 4.14, 3.78, 2.14, and 2.34 cm2 V-1 s-1, respectively. The current study provides an effective strategy for the design and synthesis of high-performance polymeric semiconductors processed with nonchlorinated solvents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yafei Ding
- National Engineering Lab of Special Display Technology, State Key Lab of Advanced Display Technology, and Special Display and Imaging Technology Innovation Center of Anhui Province, Academy of Opto-Electronic Technology, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China
| | - Fengsheng Zhao
- National Engineering Lab of Special Display Technology, State Key Lab of Advanced Display Technology, and Special Display and Imaging Technology Innovation Center of Anhui Province, Academy of Opto-Electronic Technology, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China
| | - Sanghyo Kim
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 790-784, South Korea
| | - Xiaohong Wang
- National Engineering Lab of Special Display Technology, State Key Lab of Advanced Display Technology, and Special Display and Imaging Technology Innovation Center of Anhui Province, Academy of Opto-Electronic Technology, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China
| | - Hongbo Lu
- National Engineering Lab of Special Display Technology, State Key Lab of Advanced Display Technology, and Special Display and Imaging Technology Innovation Center of Anhui Province, Academy of Opto-Electronic Technology, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China
| | - Guobing Zhang
- National Engineering Lab of Special Display Technology, State Key Lab of Advanced Display Technology, and Special Display and Imaging Technology Innovation Center of Anhui Province, Academy of Opto-Electronic Technology, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China
| | - Kilwon Cho
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 790-784, South Korea
| | - Longzhen Qiu
- National Engineering Lab of Special Display Technology, State Key Lab of Advanced Display Technology, and Special Display and Imaging Technology Innovation Center of Anhui Province, Academy of Opto-Electronic Technology, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China
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34
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Bao WW, Li R, Dai ZC, Tang J, Shi X, Geng JT, Deng ZF, Hua J. Diketopyrrolopyrrole (DPP)-Based Materials and Its Applications: A Review. Front Chem 2020; 8:679. [PMID: 33134242 PMCID: PMC7511705 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2020.00679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2020] [Accepted: 06/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Diketopyrrolopyrrole (DPP) and its derivatives have been widely studied in the past few years due to its intrinsic physical and chemical properties, such as strong electron-withdrawing, deep color, high charge carrier mobility, strong aggregation, good thermal-/photo-stability. In the 1970s, DPP was developed and used only in inks, paints, and plastics. Later, DPP containing materials were found to have potential other applications, typically in electronic devices, which attracted the attention of scientists. In this feature article, the synthesis pathway of DPP-based materials and their applications in organic field-effect transistors, photovoltaic devices, sensors, two photo-absorption materials, and others are reviewed, and possible future applications are discussed. The review outlines a theoretical scaffold for the development of conjugated DPP-based materials, which have multiple potential applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wei Bao
- National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Slag Comprehensive Utilization and Environmental Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Technology, Hanzhong, China
| | - Rui Li
- Key Laboratory of Rubber-Plastic of Ministry of Education (QUST), School of Polymer Science and Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
| | - Zhi Cheng Dai
- Key Laboratory of Rubber-Plastic of Ministry of Education (QUST), School of Polymer Science and Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
| | - Jian Tang
- Key Laboratory of Rubber-Plastic of Ministry of Education (QUST), School of Polymer Science and Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
| | - Xin Shi
- National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Slag Comprehensive Utilization and Environmental Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Technology, Hanzhong, China
| | - Jie Ting Geng
- Key Laboratory of Rubber-Plastic of Ministry of Education (QUST), School of Polymer Science and Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
| | - Zhi Feng Deng
- National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Slag Comprehensive Utilization and Environmental Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Technology, Hanzhong, China
| | - Jing Hua
- Key Laboratory of Rubber-Plastic of Ministry of Education (QUST), School of Polymer Science and Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
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35
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Bi X, Wu Z, Zhang T, An C, Xu Y, Ma K, Li S, Zhang S, Yao H, Xu B, Woo HY, Cao S, Hou J. Reduced Nonradiative Recombination Energy Loss Enabled Efficient Polymer Solar Cells via Tuning Alkyl Chain Positions on Pendent Benzene Units of Polymers. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:24184-24191. [PMID: 32367720 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c04397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Nonradiative recombination energy loss (ΔE3) plays a key role in enhancing device efficiencies for polymer solar cells (PSCs). Until now, there is no clear resolution for reducing ΔE3 via molecular design. Herein, we report two conjugated polymers, PBDB-P-p and PBDB-P-m, which are integrated from benzo[1,2-b:4,5-b']dithiophene with alkylthio chain substituted at para- or meta-position on pendent benzene and benzo[1,2-c:4,5-c']dithiophene-4,8-dione. Both the polymers have different temperature-dependent aggregation properties but similar molecular energy levels. When BO-4Cl was used as an acceptor to fabricate PSCs, the device of PBDB-P-p:BO-4Cl displayed a maximal power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 13.83%, while the best device of PBDB-P-m:BO-4Cl exhibited a higher PCE of 14.12%. The close JSCs and fill factors in both PSCs are attributed to their formation of effective nanoscale phase separation as confirmed by atomic force microscopy measurements. We find that the PBDB-P-m-based device has 1 order of magnitude higher electroluminescence quantum efficiency (EQEEL) than in the PBDB-P-p-based one, which could arise from the relatively weak aggregation in the PBDB-P-m-based film. Thus, the PBDB-P-m-based device has a remarkably enhanced VOC of 0.86 V in contrast to 0.80 V in the PBDB-P-p-based device. This study offers a feasible structural optimization way on the alkylthio side chain substitute position on the conjugated polymer to enhance VOC by reducing nonradiative recombination energy loss in the resulting PSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoman Bi
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Ziang Wu
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Korea University, Seoul 136-713, Republic of Korea
| | - Tao Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Cunbin An
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Ye Xu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Kangqiao Ma
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Sunsun Li
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Shaoqing Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Huifeng Yao
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Bowei Xu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Han Young Woo
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Korea University, Seoul 136-713, Republic of Korea
| | - Shaokui Cao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Jianhui Hou
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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36
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Cui Y, Yao H, Zhang J, Xian K, Zhang T, Hong L, Wang Y, Xu Y, Ma K, An C, He C, Wei Z, Gao F, Hou J. Single-Junction Organic Photovoltaic Cells with Approaching 18% Efficiency. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2020; 32:e1908205. [PMID: 32227399 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201908205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 509] [Impact Index Per Article: 127.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2019] [Revised: 02/13/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Optimizing the molecular structures of organic photovoltaic (OPV) materials is one of the most effective methods to boost power conversion efficiencies (PCEs). For an excellent molecular system with a certain conjugated skeleton, fine tuning the alky chains is of considerable significance to fully explore its photovoltaic potential. In this work, the optimization of alkyl chains is performed on a chlorinated nonfullerene acceptor (NFA) named BTP-4Cl-BO (a Y6 derivative) and very impressive photovoltaic parameters in OPV cells are obtained. To get more ordered intermolecular packing, the n-undecyl is shortened at the edge of BTP-eC11 to n-nonyl and n-heptyl. As a result, the NFAs of BTP-eC9 and BTP-eC7 are synthesized. The BTP-eC7 shows relatively poor solubility and thus limits its application in device fabrication. Fortunately, the BTP-eC9 possesses good solubility and, at the same time, enhanced electron transport property than BTP-eC11. Significantly, due to the simultaneously enhanced short-circuit current density and fill factor, the BTP-eC9-based single-junction OPV cells record a maximum PCE of 17.8% and get a certified value of 17.3%. These results demonstrate that minimizing the alkyl chains to get suitable solubility and enhanced intermolecular packing has a great potential in further improving its photovoltaic performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Huifeng Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Jianqi Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Kaihu Xian
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Tao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Ling Hong
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yuming Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Ye Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Kangqiao Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Cunbin An
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Chang He
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Zhixiang Wei
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Feng Gao
- Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Jianhui Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
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37
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Cao Z, Galuska L, Qian Z, Zhang S, Huang L, Prine N, Li T, He Y, Hong K, Gu X. The effect of side-chain branch position on the thermal properties of poly(3-alkylthiophenes). Polym Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/c9py01026b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Branching closer to the backbone causes tighter packing in the side-chain direction and lower side chain and backbone dynamics.
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38
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Thomas TH, Rivett JPH, Gu Q, Harkin DJ, Richter JM, Sadhanala A, Yong CK, Schott S, Broch K, Armitage J, Gillett AJ, Menke SM, Rao A, Credgington D, Sirringhaus H. Chain Coupling and Luminescence in High-Mobility, Low-Disorder Conjugated Polymers. ACS NANO 2019; 13:13716-13727. [PMID: 31738516 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.9b07147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Optoelectronic devices based on conjugated polymers often rely on multilayer device architectures, as it is difficult to design all the different functional requirements, in particular the need for efficient luminescence and fast carrier transport, into a single polymer. Here we study the photophysics of a recently discovered class of conjugated polymers with high charge carrier mobility and low degree of energetic disorder and investigate whether it is possible in this system to achieve by molecular design a high photoluminescence quantum yield without sacrificing carrier mobility. Tracing exciton dynamics over femtosecond to microsecond time scales, we show that nearly all nonradiative exciton recombination arises from interactions between chromophores on different chains. We evaluate the temperature dependence and role of electron-phonon coupling leading to fast internal conversion in systems with strong interchain coupling and the extent to which this can be turned off by varying side chain substitution. By sterically decreasing interchain interaction, we present an effective approach to increase the fluorescence quantum yield of low-energy gap polymers. We present a red-NIR-emitting amorphous polymer with the highest reported film luminescence quantum efficiency of 18% whose mobility concurrently exceeds that of amorphous-Si. This is a key result toward the development of single-layer optoelectronic devices that require both properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tudor H Thomas
- Cavendish Laboratory , University of Cambridge , JJ Thomson Avenue , Cambridge , CB3 0HE , U.K
| | - Jasmine P H Rivett
- Cavendish Laboratory , University of Cambridge , JJ Thomson Avenue , Cambridge , CB3 0HE , U.K
| | - Qifei Gu
- Cavendish Laboratory , University of Cambridge , JJ Thomson Avenue , Cambridge , CB3 0HE , U.K
| | - David J Harkin
- Cavendish Laboratory , University of Cambridge , JJ Thomson Avenue , Cambridge , CB3 0HE , U.K
| | - Johannes M Richter
- Cavendish Laboratory , University of Cambridge , JJ Thomson Avenue , Cambridge , CB3 0HE , U.K
| | - Aditya Sadhanala
- Cavendish Laboratory , University of Cambridge , JJ Thomson Avenue , Cambridge , CB3 0HE , U.K
| | - Chaw Keong Yong
- Cavendish Laboratory , University of Cambridge , JJ Thomson Avenue , Cambridge , CB3 0HE , U.K
| | - Sam Schott
- Cavendish Laboratory , University of Cambridge , JJ Thomson Avenue , Cambridge , CB3 0HE , U.K
| | - Katharina Broch
- Cavendish Laboratory , University of Cambridge , JJ Thomson Avenue , Cambridge , CB3 0HE , U.K
| | - John Armitage
- Cavendish Laboratory , University of Cambridge , JJ Thomson Avenue , Cambridge , CB3 0HE , U.K
| | - Alexander J Gillett
- Cavendish Laboratory , University of Cambridge , JJ Thomson Avenue , Cambridge , CB3 0HE , U.K
| | - S Matthew Menke
- Cavendish Laboratory , University of Cambridge , JJ Thomson Avenue , Cambridge , CB3 0HE , U.K
| | - Akshay Rao
- Cavendish Laboratory , University of Cambridge , JJ Thomson Avenue , Cambridge , CB3 0HE , U.K
| | - Dan Credgington
- Cavendish Laboratory , University of Cambridge , JJ Thomson Avenue , Cambridge , CB3 0HE , U.K
| | - Henning Sirringhaus
- Cavendish Laboratory , University of Cambridge , JJ Thomson Avenue , Cambridge , CB3 0HE , U.K
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39
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Alkyl-chain branched effect on the aggregation and photophysical behavior of polydiarylfluorenes toward stable deep-blue electroluminescence and efficient amplified spontaneous emission. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2019.08.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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40
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Mohanty A, Roy S. Nickel(II)-Catalysed C-H Functionalization and Tandem Coupling of Terminal Alkynes with 1,3-Dicarbonyls: Expedient Route to Functionalized Furans. European J Org Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201901309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anuradha Mohanty
- School of Basic Sciences; Indian Institute of Technology Bhubaneswar; Argul, Khurda 752050 Odisha India
| | - Sujit Roy
- School of Basic Sciences; Indian Institute of Technology Bhubaneswar; Argul, Khurda 752050 Odisha India
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41
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Aoshima K, Nomura M, Saeki A. Regioregularity and Electron Deficiency Control of Unsymmetric Diketopyrrolopyrrole Copolymers for Organic Photovoltaics. ACS OMEGA 2019; 4:15645-15652. [PMID: 31572866 PMCID: PMC6761756 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.9b02146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2019] [Accepted: 09/03/2019] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Manipulating the electron deficiency and controlling the regioregularity of π-conjugated polymers are important for the fine-tuning of their electronic and electrochemical properties to make them suitable for an organic solar cell. Here, we report such a molecular design of unsymmetric diketopyrrolopyrrole (DPP) based copolymers with different aromatic side units of either thiophene (Th), pyridine (Py), or fluorobenzene (FBz). The unsymmetric electron acceptors of Th-DPP-Py and Th-DPP-FBz were polymerized with the electron donor of two-dimensional benzobisthiophene (BDT-Th), affording two regiorandom DPP copolymers. They exhibited contrasting molecular orbital levels and bulk heterojunction morphology in methanofullerene-blended films, leading to power conversion efficiencies of 3.75 and 0.18%, respectively. We further synthesized a regioregular DPP copolymer via sandwiching the centrosymmetric BDT-Th unit by two Th-DPP-Py units in an axisymmetric manner. The extensive characterization through morphology observation, X-ray diffraction, and space-charge-limited current mobilities highlight the case-dependent positive/negative effects of regioregularity and electron deficiency control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenta Aoshima
- Department
of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Mayuka Nomura
- Department
of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Akinori Saeki
- Department
of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
- Precursory
Research for Embryonic Science and Technology (PRESTO), Japan Science and Technology Agency, 4-1-8 Honcho, Kawaguchi, Saitama 332-0012, Japan
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42
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Zhan H, Liu Q, So SK, Wong WY. Synthesis, characterization and photovoltaic properties of platinum-containing poly(aryleneethynylene) polymers with electron-deficient diketopyrrolopyrrole unit. J Organomet Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2019.04.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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43
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Yasa M, Goker S, Udum YA, Toppare L. Tuning molecular energy levels and band gap of two-dimensional benzo[1,2-b:4,5-b′] dithiophene and quinoxaline bearing polymers. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2019.113260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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44
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Short contacts between chains enhancing luminescence quantum yields and carrier mobilities in conjugated copolymers. Nat Commun 2019; 10:2614. [PMID: 31197152 PMCID: PMC6565747 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-10277-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2018] [Accepted: 04/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Efficient conjugated polymer optoelectronic devices benefit from concomitantly high luminescence and high charge carrier mobility. This is difficult to achieve, as interchain interactions, which are needed to ensure efficient charge transport, tend also to reduce radiative recombination and lead to solid-state quenching effects. Many studies detail strategies for reducing these interactions to increase luminescence, or modifying chain packing motifs to improve percolation charge transport; however achieving these properties together has proved elusive. Here, we show that properly designed amorphous donor-alt-acceptor conjugated polymers can circumvent this problem; combining a tuneable energy gap, fast radiative recombination rates and luminescence quantum efficiencies >15% with high carrier mobilities exceeding 2.4 cm2/Vs. We use photoluminescence from exciton states pinned to close-crossing points to study the interplay between mobility and luminescence. These materials show promise towards realising advanced optoelectronic devices based on conjugated polymers, including electrically-driven polymer lasers. Designing conjugated polymers with high charge carrier mobility and fluorescence quantum efficiency, though attractive for optoelectronics, remains challenging. Here, the authors report a strategy for designing donor-acceptor copolymers whose optoelectronic properties exceed the state-of-the-art.
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45
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Genene Z, Mammo W, Wang E, Andersson MR. Recent Advances in n-Type Polymers for All-Polymer Solar Cells. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2019; 31:e1807275. [PMID: 30790384 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201807275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2018] [Revised: 01/14/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
All-polymer solar cells (all-PSCs) based on n- and p-type polymers have emerged as promising alternatives to fullerene-based solar cells due to their unique advantages such as good chemical and electronic adjustability, and better thermal and photochemical stabilities. Rapid advances have been made in the development of n-type polymers consisting of various electron acceptor units for all-PSCs. So far, more than 200 n-type polymer acceptors have been reported. In the last seven years, the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of all-PSCs rapidly increased and has now surpassed 10%, meaning they are approaching the performance of state-of-the-art solar cells using fullerene derivatives as acceptors. This review discusses the design criteria, synthesis, and structure-property relationships of n-type polymers that have been used in all-PSCs. Additionally, it highlights the recent progress toward photovoltaic performance enhancement of binary, ternary, and tandem all-PSCs. Finally, the challenges and prospects for further development of all-PSCs are briefly considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zewdneh Genene
- Department of Chemistry, Ambo University, P. O. Box 19, Ambo, Ethiopia
| | - Wendimagegn Mammo
- Department of Chemistry, Addis Ababa University, P.O Box 33658, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Ergang Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering/Applied Chemistry, Chalmers University of Technology, SE 412 96, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Mats R Andersson
- Flinders Institute for Nanoscale Science and Technology, Flinders University, Sturt Road, Bedford Park, Adelaide, SA, 5042, Australia
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46
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Varni AJ, Fortney A, Baker MA, Worch JC, Qiu Y, Yaron D, Bernhard S, Noonan KJT, Kowalewski T. Photostable Helical Polyfurans. J Am Chem Soc 2019; 141:8858-8867. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b01567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Anthony J. Varni
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, 4400 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213-2617, United States
| | - Andria Fortney
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, 4400 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213-2617, United States
| | - Matthew A. Baker
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, 4400 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213-2617, United States
| | - Joshua C. Worch
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, 4400 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213-2617, United States
| | - Yunyan Qiu
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, 4400 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213-2617, United States
| | - David Yaron
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, 4400 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213-2617, United States
| | - Stefan Bernhard
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, 4400 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213-2617, United States
| | - Kevin J. T. Noonan
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, 4400 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213-2617, United States
| | - Tomasz Kowalewski
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, 4400 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213-2617, United States
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47
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Gurney RS, Lidzey DG, Wang T. A review of non-fullerene polymer solar cells: from device physics to morphology control. REPORTS ON PROGRESS IN PHYSICS. PHYSICAL SOCIETY (GREAT BRITAIN) 2019; 82:036601. [PMID: 30731432 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6633/ab0530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The rise in power conversion efficiency of organic photovoltaic (OPV) devices over the last few years has been driven by the emergence of new organic semiconductors and the growing understanding of morphological control at both the molecular and aggregation scales. Non-fullerene OPVs adopting p-type conjugated polymers as the donor and n-type small molecules as the acceptor have exhibited steady progress, outperforming PCBM-based solar cells and reaching efficiencies of over 15% in 2019. This review starts with a refreshed discussion of charge separation, recombination, and V OC loss in non-fullerene OPVs, followed by a review of work undertaken to develop favorable molecular configurations required for high device performance. We summarize several key approaches that have been employed to tune the nanoscale morphology in non-fullerene photovoltaic blends, comparing them (where appropriate) to their PCBM-based counterparts. In particular, we discuss issues ranging from materials chemistry to solution processing and post-treatments, showing how this can lead to enhanced photovoltaic properties. Particular attention is given to the control of molecular configuration through solution processing, which can have a pronounced impact on the structure of the solid-state photoactive layer. Key challenges, including green solvent processing, stability and lifetime, burn-in, and thickness-dependence in non-fullerene OPVs are briefly discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert S Gurney
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, People's Republic of China
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48
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Pop F, Humphreys J, Schwarz J, Brown L, van den Berg A, Amabilino DB. Towards more sustainable synthesis of diketopyrrolopyrroles. NEW J CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c9nj01074b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Functionalisation of diketopyrrolopyrroles with improved energy use during synthesis, ease of isolation, and yields of reactions is reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flavia Pop
- School of Chemistry
- The University of Nottingham
- NG7 2RD Nottingham
- UK
- GSK Carbon Neutral Laboratories for Sustainable Chemistry
| | - Joshua Humphreys
- School of Chemistry
- The University of Nottingham
- NG7 2RD Nottingham
- UK
- GSK Carbon Neutral Laboratories for Sustainable Chemistry
| | - Jesper Schwarz
- School of Chemistry
- The University of Nottingham
- NG7 2RD Nottingham
- UK
- GSK Carbon Neutral Laboratories for Sustainable Chemistry
| | - Liam Brown
- School of Chemistry
- The University of Nottingham
- NG7 2RD Nottingham
- UK
- GSK Carbon Neutral Laboratories for Sustainable Chemistry
| | | | - David B. Amabilino
- School of Chemistry
- The University of Nottingham
- NG7 2RD Nottingham
- UK
- GSK Carbon Neutral Laboratories for Sustainable Chemistry
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49
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Borpatra PJ, Deka B, Deb ML, Baruah PK. Recent advances in intramolecular C–O/C–N/C–S bond formationviaC–H functionalization. Org Chem Front 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c9qo00863b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
This review presents the construction of C–X bonds (X = O/N/S) by using intramolecular C–H functionalization for the synthesis of heterocyclic compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paran J. Borpatra
- Department of Applied Sciences
- GUIST
- Gauhati University
- Guwahati-781014
- India
| | - Bhaskar Deka
- Department of Applied Sciences
- GUIST
- Gauhati University
- Guwahati-781014
- India
| | - Mohit L. Deb
- Department of Applied Sciences
- GUIST
- Gauhati University
- Guwahati-781014
- India
| | - Pranjal K. Baruah
- Department of Applied Sciences
- GUIST
- Gauhati University
- Guwahati-781014
- India
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50
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Yang CY, Jin WL, Wang J, Ding YF, Nong S, Shi K, Lu Y, Dai YZ, Zhuang FD, Lei T, Di CA, Zhu D, Wang JY, Pei J. Enhancing the n-Type Conductivity and Thermoelectric Performance of Donor-Acceptor Copolymers through Donor Engineering. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2018; 30:e1802850. [PMID: 30252162 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201802850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2018] [Revised: 08/03/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Conjugated polymers with high thermoelectric performance enable the fabrication of low-cost, large-area, low-toxicity, and highly flexible thermoelectric devices. However, compared to their p-type counterparts, n-type polymer thermoelectric materials show much lower performance, which is largely due to inefficient doping and a much lower conductivity. Herein, it is reported that the development of a donor-acceptor (D-A) polymer with enhanced n-doping efficiency through donor engineering of the polymer backbone. Both a high n-type electrical conductivity of 1.30 S cm-1 and an excellent power factor (PF) of 4.65 µW mK-2 are obtained, which are the highest reported values among D-A polymers. The results of multiple characterization techniques indicate that electron-withdrawing modification of the donor units enhances the electron affinity of the polymer and changes the polymer packing orientation, leading to substantially improved miscibility and n-doping efficiency. Unlike previous studies in which improving the polymer-dopant miscibility typically resulted in lower mobilities, the strategy maintains the mobility of the polymer. All these factors lead to prominent enhancement of three orders magnitude in both the electrical conductivity and the PF compared to those of the non-engineered polymer. The results demonstrate that proper donor engineering can enhance the n-doping efficiency, electrical conductivity, and thermoelectric performance of D-A copolymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi-Yuan Yang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of Education, Center of Soft Matter Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Wen-Long Jin
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Jue Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of Education, Center of Soft Matter Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Yi-Fan Ding
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of Education, Center of Soft Matter Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Shuying Nong
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of Education, Center of Soft Matter Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Ke Shi
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of Education, Center of Soft Matter Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Yang Lu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of Education, Center of Soft Matter Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Ya-Zhong Dai
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of Education, Center of Soft Matter Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Fang-Dong Zhuang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of Education, Center of Soft Matter Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Ting Lei
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Chong-An Di
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Daoben Zhu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Jie-Yu Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of Education, Center of Soft Matter Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Jian Pei
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of Education, Center of Soft Matter Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
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