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Xiang F, Li N, Burguete-Lopez A, He Z, Elizarov M, Fratalocchi A. Light-Induced Quantum Reconfiguration of Oxyhydroxides for Photoanodes with 4.24% Efficiency and Stability Beyond 250 Hours. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024:e2405478. [PMID: 39097948 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202405478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2024] [Revised: 06/24/2024] [Indexed: 08/06/2024]
Abstract
Photoelectrochemical (PEC) water splitting is attracting significant research interest in addressing sustainable development goals in renewable energy. Current state-of-the-art, however, cannot provide photoanodes with simultaneously high efficiency and long-lasting lifetime. Here, large-scale NiFe oxyhydroxides-alloy hybridized co-catalyst layer that exhibits an applied bias photon-to-current efficiency (ABPE) of 4.24% in buried homojunction-free photoanodes and stability over 250 h is reported. These performances represent an increase over the present highest-performing technology by 408% in stability and the most stable competitor by over 330% in efficiency. These results originate from a previously unexplored mechanism of light-induced atomic reconfiguration, which rapidly self-generates a catalytic-protective amorphous/crystalline heterostructure at low biases. This mechanism provides active sites for reaction and insulates the photoanode from performance degradation. Photon-generated NiFe oxyhydroxides are more than 200% higher than the quantity that pure electrocatalysis would otherwise induce, overcoming the threshold for an efficient water oxidation reaction in the device. While of immediate interest in the industry of water splitting, the light-induced NiFe oxyhydroxides-alloy co-catalyst developed in this work provides a general strategy to enhance further the performances and stability of PEC devices for a vast panorama of chemical reactions, ranging from biomass valorization to organic waste degradation, and CO2-to-fuel conversion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Xiang
- PRIMALIGHT, Faculty of Electrical and Computer Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ning Li
- PRIMALIGHT, Faculty of Electrical and Computer Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Arturo Burguete-Lopez
- PRIMALIGHT, Faculty of Electrical and Computer Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Zhao He
- PRIMALIGHT, Faculty of Electrical and Computer Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Maxim Elizarov
- PRIMALIGHT, Faculty of Electrical and Computer Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Andrea Fratalocchi
- PRIMALIGHT, Faculty of Electrical and Computer Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
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2
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Yuan W, Jiao K, Yuan H, Sun H, Lim EG, Mitrovic I, Duan S, Cong S, Yong R, Li F, Song P. Metal-Organic Frameworks/Heterojunction Structures for Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering with Enhanced Sensitivity and Tailorability. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:26374-26385. [PMID: 38716706 PMCID: PMC11129117 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.4c01588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2024] [Revised: 04/04/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/24/2024]
Abstract
Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), which are composed of crystalline microporous materials with metal ions, have gained considerable interest as promising substrate materials for surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) detection via charge transfer. Research on MOF-based SERS substrates has advanced rapidly because of the MOFs' excellent structural tunability, functionalizable pore interiors, and ultrahigh surface-to-volume ratios. Compared with traditional noble metal SERS plasmons, MOFs exhibit better biocompatibility, ease of operation, and tailorability. However, MOFs cannot produce a sufficient limit of detection (LOD) for ultrasensitive detection, and therefore, developing an ultrasensitive MOF-based SERS substrate is imperative. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to develop an MOFs/heterojunction structure as an SERS enhancing material. We report an in situ ZIF-67/Co(OH)2 heterojunction-based nanocellulose paper (nanopaper) plate (in situ ZIF-67 nanoplate) as a device with an LOD of 0.98 nmol/L for Rhodamine 6G and a Raman enhancement of 1.43 × 107, which is 100 times better than that of the pure ZIF-67-based SERS substrate. Further, we extend this structure to other types of MOFs and develop an in situ HKUST-1 nanoplate (with HKUST-1/Cu(OH)2). In addition, we demonstrate that the formation of heterojunctions facilitates efficient photoinduced charge transfer for SERS detection by applying the Mx(OH)y-assisted (where M = Co, Cu, or other metals) MOFs/heterojunction structure. Finally, we successfully demonstrate the application of medicine screening on our nanoplates, specifically for omeprazole. The nanoplates we developed still maintain the tailorability of MOFs and perform high anti-interference ability. Our approach provides customizing options for MOF-based SERS detection, catering to diverse possibilities in future research and applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenwen Yuan
- School
of Advanced Technology, Xi’an Jiaotong
- Liverpool University, Suzhou 215123, China
- Department
of Electrical Engineering and Electronics, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZX, U.K.
- State
Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, China
| | - Keran Jiao
- School
of Advanced Technology, Xi’an Jiaotong
- Liverpool University, Suzhou 215123, China
- Department
of Electrical Engineering and Electronics, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZX, U.K.
| | - Hang Yuan
- School
of Advanced Technology, Xi’an Jiaotong
- Liverpool University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Hongzhao Sun
- School
of Physical Science and Technology, Suzhou
University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, China
| | - Eng Gee Lim
- School
of Advanced Technology, Xi’an Jiaotong
- Liverpool University, Suzhou 215123, China
- Department
of Electrical Engineering and Electronics, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZX, U.K.
| | - Ivona Mitrovic
- Department
of Electrical Engineering and Electronics, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZX, U.K.
| | - Sixuan Duan
- School
of Advanced Technology, Xi’an Jiaotong
- Liverpool University, Suzhou 215123, China
- Department
of Electrical Engineering and Electronics, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZX, U.K.
- Key
Laboratory of Bionic Engineering, Jilin
University, Changchun 130022, China
| | - Shan Cong
- School of
Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, University of
Science and Technology of China, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Ruiqi Yong
- School
of Advanced Technology, Xi’an Jiaotong
- Liverpool University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Feifan Li
- School of
Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, University of
Science and Technology of China, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Pengfei Song
- School
of Advanced Technology, Xi’an Jiaotong
- Liverpool University, Suzhou 215123, China
- Department
of Electrical Engineering and Electronics, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZX, U.K.
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3
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Peng S, Liu D, An K, Ying Z, Chen M, Feng J, Lo KH, Pan H. n-Si/SiO x /CoO x -Mo Photoanode for Efficient Photoelectrochemical Water Oxidation. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024; 20:e2304376. [PMID: 37649206 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202304376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Revised: 07/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
Green hydrogen is considered to be the key for solving the emerging energy and environmental issues. The photoelectrochemical (PEC) process for the production of green hydrogen has been widely investigated because solar power is clean and renewable. However, mass production in this way is still far away from reality. Here, a Si photoanode is reported with CoOx as co-catalyst for efficient water oxidation. It is found that a high photovoltage of 350 mV can be achieved in 1.0 m K3 BO3 . Importantly, the photovoltage can be further increased to 650 mV and the fill factor of 0.62 is obtained in 1.0 m K3 BO3 by incorporating Mo into CoOx . The Mo-incorporated photoanode is also highly stable. It is shown that the incorporation of Mo can reduce the particle size of co-catalyst on the Si surface, improve the particle-distribution uniformity, and increase the density of particles, which can effectively enhance the light absorption and the electrochemical active surface area. Importantly, the Mo-incorporation results in high energy barrier in the heterojunction. All of these factors are attributed to improved the PEC performance. These findings may provide new strategies to maximize the solar-to-fuel efficiency by tuning the co-catalysts on the Si surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuyang Peng
- Department of Electromechanical Engineering, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Macau, Macao S. A. R., 999078, China
| | - Di Liu
- Institute of Applied Physics and Materials Engineering, University of Macau, Macao S. A. R., 999078, China
| | - Keyu An
- Institute of Applied Physics and Materials Engineering, University of Macau, Macao S. A. R., 999078, China
| | - Zhiqin Ying
- Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Ningbo City, 315201, P. R. China
| | - Mingpeng Chen
- Yunnan Key Laboratory for Micro/Nano Materials & Technology, School of Materials and Energy, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091, China
| | - Jinxian Feng
- Institute of Applied Physics and Materials Engineering, University of Macau, Macao S. A. R., 999078, China
| | - Kin Ho Lo
- Department of Electromechanical Engineering, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Macau, Macao S. A. R., 999078, China
| | - Hui Pan
- Institute of Applied Physics and Materials Engineering, University of Macau, Macao S. A. R., 999078, China
- Department of Physics and Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Macau, Macao S. A. R., 999078, China
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4
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Ge L, Yang H, Guan J, Ouyang B, Yu Q, Li H, Deng Y. Unveiling the Structural Self-Reconstruction and Identifying the Reactive Center of a V, Fe Co-Doped Cobalt Precatalyst toward Enhanced Overall Water Splitting by Operando Raman Spectroscopy. Inorg Chem 2023; 62:15664-15672. [PMID: 37682056 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.3c02451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/09/2023]
Abstract
The development of efficient and stable bifunctional electrocatalysts based on non-noble metals for water electrolysis is both urgent and challenging. However, unresolved issues remain regarding the challenge of identifying the active phase and gaining a comprehensive understanding of its surface reconstruction and functionality throughout the reaction process. In this study, we have combined doping and heterostructure construction by a one-step electrodeposition and a subsequent activation treatment to synthesize Fe, V co-doped Co3O4/Co(OH)2 and Co/Co(OH)2 heterointerfaces (referred to as A-Co60Fe1.1V). These heterointerfaces, composed of Co/Co(OH)2 and Co3O4/Co(OH)2, are proposed to facilitate charge transfer process during catalysis. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis demonstrates that the introduction of V and Fe dopants increases the valence state of Co centers in Co3O4 and Co(OH)2. Further operando Raman spectroscopy reveals that Co(OH)2 and Co3O4 with the high-valence Co centers remain stable during the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) process. These high-valence Co centers are believed to promote the crucial water dissociation step and therefore enhance the overall HER catalysis. On the other hand, during the oxygen evolution reaction (OER), Fe, V co-doping leads to an earlier formation of the active CoOOH species, while Fe doping can further help stabilize the more reactive β-CoOOH species instead of the less reactive γ-CoOOH. As a result, the A-Co60Fe1.1V catalyst exhibits significantly improved catalytic activity for both HER and OER that it requires low overpotentials of 51 and 250 mV, respectively, to attain a current density of 10 mA cm-2. Moreover, when utilized as both the cathode and anode in alkaline water electrolysis, the A-Co60Fe1.1V catalyst can operate at a mere 1.54 V voltage while maintaining 10 mA cm-2, surpassing the majority of non-noble metal catalysts. Remarkably, it also exhibits stability for at least 40 h at ∼100 mA cm-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lihong Ge
- Institute for Energy Research, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Hua Yang
- Institute for Energy Research, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Jiexin Guan
- Institute for Energy Research, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Bo Ouyang
- Department of Applied Physics and Institution of Energy and Microstructure, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China
| | - Qing Yu
- Institute for Energy Research, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Huaming Li
- Institute for Energy Research, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Yilin Deng
- Institute for Energy Research, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
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5
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Lovett AJ, Daramalla V, Sayed FN, Nayak D, de h-Óra M, Grey CP, Dutton SE, MacManus-Driscoll JL. Low Temperature Epitaxial LiMn 2O 4 Cathodes Enabled by NiCo 2O 4 Current Collector for High-Performance Microbatteries. ACS ENERGY LETTERS 2023; 8:3437-3442. [PMID: 37588016 PMCID: PMC10425970 DOI: 10.1021/acsenergylett.3c01094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023]
Abstract
Epitaxial cathodes in lithium-ion microbatteries are ideal model systems to understand mass and charge transfer across interfaces, plus interphase degradation processes during cycling. Importantly, if grown at <450 °C, they also offer potential for complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) compatible microbatteries for the Internet of Things, flexible electronics, and MedTech devices. Currently, prominent epitaxial cathodes are grown at high temperatures (>600 °C), which imposes both manufacturing and scale-up challenges. Herein, we report structural and electrochemical studies of epitaxial LiMn2O4 (LMO) thin films grown on a new current collector material, NiCo2O4 (NCO). We achieve this at the low temperature of 360 °C, ∼200 °C lower than existing current collectors SrRuO3 and LaNiO3. Our films achieve a discharge capacity of >100 mAh g-1 for ∼6000 cycles with distinct LMO redox signatures, demonstrating long-term electrochemical stability of our NCO current collector. Hence, we show a route toward high-performance microbatteries for a range of miniaturized electronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam J. Lovett
- Department
of Materials Science and Metallurgy, University
of Cambridge, 27 Charles Babbage Road, Cambridge CB3 0FS, United Kingdom
| | - Venkateswarlu Daramalla
- Cavendish
Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thompson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
- The
Faraday Institution, Quad One, Harwell Campus, Didcot OX11 0RA, United Kingdom
| | - Farheen N. Sayed
- The
Faraday Institution, Quad One, Harwell Campus, Didcot OX11 0RA, United Kingdom
- Yusef
Hamied Department of Chemistry, Lensfield Rd., Cambridge CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
| | - Debasis Nayak
- Department
of Materials Science and Metallurgy, University
of Cambridge, 27 Charles Babbage Road, Cambridge CB3 0FS, United Kingdom
- The
Faraday Institution, Quad One, Harwell Campus, Didcot OX11 0RA, United Kingdom
| | - Muireann de h-Óra
- Department
of Materials Science and Metallurgy, University
of Cambridge, 27 Charles Babbage Road, Cambridge CB3 0FS, United Kingdom
| | - Clare P. Grey
- The
Faraday Institution, Quad One, Harwell Campus, Didcot OX11 0RA, United Kingdom
- Yusef
Hamied Department of Chemistry, Lensfield Rd., Cambridge CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
| | - Siân E. Dutton
- Cavendish
Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thompson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
- The
Faraday Institution, Quad One, Harwell Campus, Didcot OX11 0RA, United Kingdom
| | - Judith L. MacManus-Driscoll
- Department
of Materials Science and Metallurgy, University
of Cambridge, 27 Charles Babbage Road, Cambridge CB3 0FS, United Kingdom
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6
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Lu X. A short review of the electrochemical technologies for pit arrays fabricated on the surfaces of indium phosphide wafer. Heliyon 2023; 9:e16800. [PMID: 37292313 PMCID: PMC10245263 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e16800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2023] [Revised: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Fabricating a pit array on the surface of indium phosphide wafer can change its photoelectric properties, improve its photoelectric conversion efficiency, and expand its application range. There are few reviews devoted to the fabrication of regular hole arrays on the surface of indium phosphide wafers by electrochemical methods. In this paper, twelve electrochemical approaches for assembling pit arrays on the surface of indium phosphide wafers were introduced, the structure and experimental process of the electrochemical device were highlighted, and the resulting top and section views were also shown by animation. It can provide a useful reference guide for the large-scale fabrication of regular hole arrays on the surface of indium phosphide wafers.
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7
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Zhang D, Xue Y, Zheng X, Zhang C, Li Y. Multi-heterointerfaces for selective and efficient urea production. Natl Sci Rev 2023; 10:nwac209. [PMID: 36817842 PMCID: PMC9935990 DOI: 10.1093/nsr/nwac209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Revised: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
A major impediment to industrial urea synthesis is the lack of catalysts with high selectivity and activity, which inhibits the efficient industrial production of urea. Here, we report a new catalyst system suitable for the highly selective synthesis of industrial urea by in situ growth of graphdiyne on the surface of cobalt-nickel mixed oxides. Such a catalyst is a multi-heterojunction interfacial structure resulting in the obvious incomplete charge-transfer phenomenon between a graphdiyne and metal oxide interface and multiple intermolecular interactions. These intrinsic characteristics are the origin of the high performance of the catalyst. Studies on the mechanism reveal that the catalyst could effectively optimize the adsorption/desorption capacities of the intermediate and promote direct C-N coupling by significantly suppressing by-product reactions toward the formation of H2, CO, N2 and NH3. The catalyst can selectively synthesize urea directly from nitrite and carbon dioxide in water at room temperature and pressure, and exhibits a record-high Faradaic efficiency of 64.3%, nitrogen selectivity (Nurea-selectivity) of 86.0%, carbon selectivity (Curea-selectivity) of ∼100%, as well as urea yield rates of 913.2 μg h-1 mgcat -1 and remarkable long-term stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danyan Zhang
- Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yurui Xue
- Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory for Science of Material Creation and Energy Conversion, Science Center for Material Creation and Energy Conversion, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Xuchen Zheng
- Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Chao Zhang
- Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yuliang Li
- Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory for Science of Material Creation and Energy Conversion, Science Center for Material Creation and Energy Conversion, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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8
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Li L, Wan Z, Wen Q, Lv Z, Xi B. A Novel p-Type ZnCo xO y Thin Film Grown by Atomic Layer Deposition. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:3381. [PMID: 36234509 PMCID: PMC9565241 DOI: 10.3390/nano12193381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Revised: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Reported herein is the atomic layer deposition (ALD) of novel ternary ZnCoxOy films possessing p-type semiconducting behavior. The preparation comprises of optimized ZnO and Co3O4 deposition in sub-cycles using the commercially available precursors cyclopentadienylcobalt dicarbonyl (CpCo(CO)2), diethylzinc (DEZ) and ozone (O3). A systematic exploration of the film's microstructure, crystallinity, optical properties and electrical properties was conducted and revealed an association with Zn/Co stoichiometry. The noteworthy results include the following: (1) by adjusting the sub-cycle of ZnO/ Co3O4 to 1/10, a spinel structured ZnCoxOy film was grown at 150 °C, with it exhibiting a smooth surface, good crystallinity and high purity; (2) the material transmittance and bandgap decreased as the Co element concentration increased; (3) the ZnCoxOy film is more stable than its p-type analog Co3O4 film; and (4) upon p-n diode fabrication, the ZnCoxOy film demonstrated good rectification behaviors as well as very low and stable reverse leakage in forward and reverse-biased voltages, respectively. Its application in thin film transistors and flexible or transparent semiconductor devices is highly suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leyi Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronic Materials and Wearable Devices, PFCM Lab, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Zhixin Wan
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronic Materials and Wearable Devices, PFCM Lab, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Quan Wen
- School of Electronics and Information Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Zesheng Lv
- School of Electronics and Information Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Bin Xi
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronic Materials and Wearable Devices, PFCM Lab, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
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9
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Bhardwaj A, Sharma A, Suryanarayana P. Torsional strain engineering of transition metal dichalcogenide nanotubes: an ab initiostudy. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2021; 32:47LT01. [PMID: 34348245 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ac1a90] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
We study the effect of torsional deformations on the electronic properties of single-walled transition metal dichalcogenide (TMD) nanotubes. In particular, considering forty-five select armchair and zigzag TMD nanotubes, we perform symmetry-adapted Kohn-Sham density functional theory calculations to determine the variation in bandgap and effective mass of charge carriers with twist. We find that metallic nanotubes remain so even after deformation, whereas semiconducting nanotubes experience a decrease in bandgap with twist-originally direct bandgaps become indirect-resulting in semiconductor to metal transitions. In addition, the effective mass of holes and electrons continuously decrease and increase with twist, respectively, resulting in n-type to p-type semiconductor transitions. We find that this behavior is likely due to rehybridization of orbitals in the metal and chalcogen atoms, rather than charge transfer between them. Overall, torsional deformations represent a powerful avenue to engineer the electronic properties of semiconducting TMD nanotubes, with applications to devices like sensors and semiconductor switches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arpit Bhardwaj
- College of Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, United States of America
| | - Abhiraj Sharma
- College of Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, United States of America
| | - Phanish Suryanarayana
- College of Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, United States of America
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10
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Cai Y, Zhang Y, Wang H, Lin X, Yu K, Li C, Jie G. Cyclometalated Iridium(III) Complex-Sensitized NiO-Based-Cathodic Photoelectrochemical Platform for DNA Methyltransferase Assay. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2021; 4:6103-6111. [PMID: 35006914 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.1c00445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
This work reports an efficient [(C6)2Ir(dppz)]+PF6- (C6 = coumarin 6 and dppz = dipyridophenazine)-sensitized NiO photocathode and its application in photoelectrochemical (PEC) bioanalysis field for the first time. This dye-sensitized NiO photocathode was found to exhibit a markedly enhanced cathodic photocurrent. A sensitive cathodic PEC platform was proposed integrating the as-prepared photocathode with enzyme-free cascaded amplification strategies of the catalytic hairpin assembly (CHA) and the hybridization chain reaction (HCR) for DNA methyltransferase (MTase) assay. A hairpin DNA(HDam) with specific recognition site of Dam MTase in its stem was designed. The site of HDam was methylated in the presence of Dam MTase and then cut by endonuclease DpnI. The released loop fragment, as an initiator, triggered the CHA circuit and the follow-up HCR circuit, resulting in long dsDNA concatemers on the ITO electrode. Numerous [(C6)2Ir(dppz)]+PF6- were intercalated into dsDNA, and highly efficient signal amplification was realized. Benefiting from the superior iridium(III) complex-sensitized NiO photocathode and effective amplification strategy, a detection limit of 0.0028 U/mL for the determination of Dam MTase was achieved. Moreover, this work further demonstrated that these proposed tactics could be applied to screen Dam MTase activity inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yueyuan Cai
- Key Laboratory of Optic-electric Sensing and Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, MOE, Shandong Key Laboratory of Biochemical Analysis, Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science in Universities of Shandong, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, P. R. China
| | - Yingtao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Optic-electric Sensing and Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, MOE, Shandong Key Laboratory of Biochemical Analysis, Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science in Universities of Shandong, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, P. R. China
| | - Huan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Optic-electric Sensing and Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, MOE, Shandong Key Laboratory of Biochemical Analysis, Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science in Universities of Shandong, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, P. R. China
| | - Xiaojia Lin
- Key Laboratory of Optic-electric Sensing and Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, MOE, Shandong Key Laboratory of Biochemical Analysis, Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science in Universities of Shandong, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, P. R. China
| | - Kunpeng Yu
- Key Laboratory of Optic-electric Sensing and Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, MOE, Shandong Key Laboratory of Biochemical Analysis, Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science in Universities of Shandong, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, P. R. China
| | - Chunxiang Li
- Key Laboratory of Optic-electric Sensing and Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, MOE, Shandong Key Laboratory of Biochemical Analysis, Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science in Universities of Shandong, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, P. R. China
| | - Guifen Jie
- Key Laboratory of Optic-electric Sensing and Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, MOE, Shandong Key Laboratory of Biochemical Analysis, Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science in Universities of Shandong, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, P. R. China
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11
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Zeng G, Pham TA, Vanka S, Liu G, Song C, Cooper JK, Mi Z, Ogitsu T, Toma FM. Development of a photoelectrochemically self-improving Si/GaN photocathode for efficient and durable H 2 production. NATURE MATERIALS 2021; 20:1130-1135. [PMID: 33820963 DOI: 10.1038/s41563-021-00965-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2020] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Development of an efficient yet durable photoelectrode is of paramount importance for deployment of solar-fuel production. Here, we report the photoelectrochemically self-improving behaviour of a silicon/gallium nitride photocathode active for hydrogen production with a Faradaic efficiency approaching ~100%. By using a correlative approach based on different spectroscopic and microscopic techniques, as well as density functional theory calculations, we provide a mechanistic understanding of the chemical transformation that is the origin of the self-improving behaviour. A thin layer of gallium oxynitride forms on the side walls of the gallium nitride grains, via a partial oxygen substitution at nitrogen sites, and displays a higher density of catalytic sites for the hydrogen-evolving reaction. This work demonstrates that the chemical transformation of gallium nitride into gallium oxynitride leads to sustained operation and enhanced catalytic activity, thus showing promise for oxynitride layers as protective catalytic coatings for hydrogen evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guosong Zeng
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Tuan Anh Pham
- Materials Science Division, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA, USA
| | - Srinivas Vanka
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Guiji Liu
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Chengyu Song
- National Center for Electron Microscopy, Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Jason K Cooper
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Zetian Mi
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
| | - Tadashi Ogitsu
- Materials Science Division, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA, USA.
| | - Francesca M Toma
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA.
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12
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Pishgar S, Gulati S, Strain JM, Liang Y, Mulvehill MC, Spurgeon JM. In Situ Analytical Techniques for the Investigation of Material Stability and Interface Dynamics in Electrocatalytic and Photoelectrochemical Applications. SMALL METHODS 2021; 5:e2100322. [PMID: 34927994 DOI: 10.1002/smtd.202100322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Revised: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Electrocatalysis and photoelectrochemistry are critical to technologies like fuel cells, electrolysis, and solar fuels. Material stability and interfacial phenomena are central to the performance and long-term viability of these technologies. Researchers need tools to uncover the fundamental processes occurring at the electrode/electrolyte interface. Numerous analytical instruments are well-developed for material characterization, but many are ex situ techniques often performed under vacuum and without applied bias. Such measurements miss dynamic phenomena in the electrolyte under operational conditions. However, innovative advancements have allowed modification of these techniques for in situ characterization in liquid environments at electrochemically relevant conditions. This review explains some of the main in situ electrochemical characterization techniques, briefly explaining the principle of operation and highlighting key work in applying the method to investigate material stability and interfacial properties for electrocatalysts and photoelectrodes. Covered methods include spectroscopy (in situ UV-vis, ambient pressure X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (APXPS), and in situ Raman), mass spectrometry (on-line inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) and differential electrochemical mass spectrometry (DEMS)), and microscopy (in situ transmission electron microscopy (TEM), electrochemical atomic force microscopy (EC-AFM), electrochemical scanning tunneling microscopy (EC-STM), and scanning electrochemical microscopy (SECM)). Each technique's capabilities and advantages/disadvantages are discussed and summarized for comparison.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sahar Pishgar
- Conn Center for Renewable Energy Research, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, 40292, USA
| | - Saumya Gulati
- Conn Center for Renewable Energy Research, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, 40292, USA
| | - Jacob M Strain
- Conn Center for Renewable Energy Research, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, 40292, USA
| | - Ying Liang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510006, China
| | - Matthew C Mulvehill
- Conn Center for Renewable Energy Research, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, 40292, USA
| | - Joshua M Spurgeon
- Conn Center for Renewable Energy Research, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, 40292, USA
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13
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Li Y, Shang W, Li H, Yang M, Shi S, Li J, Huang C, Zhou A. Composite of Cobalt‐C
3
N
4
on TiO
2
Nanorod Arrays as Co‐catalyst for Enhanced Photoelectrochemical Water Splitting. ChemistrySelect 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202100916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuangang Li
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Xi'an University of Science and Technology Xi'an 710054 China
| | - Weike Shang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Xi'an University of Science and Technology Xi'an 710054 China
| | - Huajing Li
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Xi'an University of Science and Technology Xi'an 710054 China
| | - Mengru Yang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Xi'an University of Science and Technology Xi'an 710054 China
| | - Shaosen Shi
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Xi'an University of Science and Technology Xi'an 710054 China
| | - Jin Li
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Xi'an University of Science and Technology Xi'an 710054 China
| | - Chenyu Huang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Xi'an University of Science and Technology Xi'an 710054 China
| | - Anning Zhou
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Xi'an University of Science and Technology Xi'an 710054 China
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14
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Zheng R, Zhang H. Regulation of Electronic Properties of Metal Oxide Nanoparticles to Reveal Their Toxicity Mechanism and Safe‐by‐Design Approach. Adv Biol (Weinh) 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/adbi.202000220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Runxiao Zheng
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences 5625 Renmin Street, Jilin Changchun 130022 P. R. China
- School of Applied Chemistry and Engineering University of Science and Technology of China Hefei 230052 P. R. China
| | - Haiyuan Zhang
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences 5625 Renmin Street, Jilin Changchun 130022 P. R. China
- School of Applied Chemistry and Engineering University of Science and Technology of China Hefei 230052 P. R. China
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15
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Chae SY, Lee M, Je Kim M, Cho JH, Kim B, Joo OS. p-CuInS 2 /n-Polymer Semiconductor Heterojunction for Photoelectrochemical Hydrogen Evolution. CHEMSUSCHEM 2020; 13:6651-6659. [PMID: 33119209 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202002123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2020] [Revised: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
An inorganic p-type CuInS2 semiconductor was combined with the semiconducting polymer of PNDI3OT-Se1 and PNDI3OT-Se2 with different HOMO/LUMO levels for photoelectrochemical hydrogen production. Charge transfer behaviors at polymer/CuInS2 junctions were investigated by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. The heterojunction of p-CuInS2 and n-type polymer (both PNDI3OT-Se1 and Se2) successfully made p-n junctions and showed improved charge transfer. However, we found that higher HOMO levels of polymer than valence band maximum (VBM) of CuInS2 spurred charge recombination at interfaces. As a result, CuInS2 /PNDI3OT-Se1/TiO2 /Pt, which has suitable energy levels matched between PNDI3OT-Se1 and CuInS2 , shows photocurrent (-15.67 mA cm-2 ) improved concretely when compared to a CuInS2 /TiO2 /Pt photoelectrode (-7.11 mA cm-2 ) at 0.0 V vs. RHE applied potential. Additionally, the photoelectrochemical stability of CuInS2 /PNDI3OT-Se1/TiO2 /Pt photoelectrode was also investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang Youn Chae
- Institute of NT-IT Fusion Technology, Ajou University, Suwon, 16499, Republic of Korea
| | - Myeongjae Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Je Kim
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Yonnsei University, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Ho Cho
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Yonnsei University, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - BongSoo Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Oh-Shim Joo
- Clean Energy Research centerDepartment, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
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16
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Huang W, Harnagea C, Tong X, Benetti D, Sun S, Chaker M, Rosei F, Nechache R. Epitaxial Bi 2FeCrO 6 Multiferroic Thin-Film Photoanodes with Ultrathin p-Type NiO Layers for Improved Solar Water Oxidation. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:13185-13193. [PMID: 30892871 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b20998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
The photoelectric properties of multiferroic double-perovskite Bi2FeCrO6 (BFCO), such as above-band gap photovoltages, switchable photocurrents, and bulk photovoltaic effects, have recently been explored for potential applications in solar technology. Here, we report the fabrication of photoelectrodes based on n-type ferroelectric (FE) semiconductor BFCO heterojunctions coated with p-type transparent conducting oxides (TCOs) by pulsed laser deposition and their application for photoelectrochemical (PEC) water oxidation. The photocatalytic properties of the bare BFCO photoanodes can be improved by controlling the FE polarization state. However, the charge recombination as well as the limited charge transfer kinetics in the photoanode/electrolyte cause major energy loss and thus hinder the PEC performance. We show that this problem may be addressed by the deposition of an ultrathin p-type NiO layer on the photoanode to enhance the charge transport kinetics and reduce charge recombination at surface-trapped states for increased surface band bending. A fourfold enhancement of photocurrent density, up to 0.4 mA cm-2 (at +1.23 V vs RHE), a best performance of stability over 4 h, and a high incident photon-to-current efficiency (∼3.7%) were achieved under 1 sun illumination in such p-NiO/n-BFCO heterojunction photoanodes. These studies reveal the optimization of PEC performance by polarization switching of BFCO and the successful achievement of p-TCOs/n-FE heterojunction photoanodes that are able to sustain water oxidation that is stable for many hours.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Huang
- Centre Énergie, Matériaux et Télécommunications , Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique , 1650, Boulevard Lionel-Boulet , Varennes , Québec J3X 1S2 , Canada
| | - Catalin Harnagea
- Centre Énergie, Matériaux et Télécommunications , Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique , 1650, Boulevard Lionel-Boulet , Varennes , Québec J3X 1S2 , Canada
| | - Xin Tong
- Centre Énergie, Matériaux et Télécommunications , Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique , 1650, Boulevard Lionel-Boulet , Varennes , Québec J3X 1S2 , Canada
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science , Guizhou Normal University , Guiyang 550001 , People's Republic of China
| | - Daniele Benetti
- Centre Énergie, Matériaux et Télécommunications , Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique , 1650, Boulevard Lionel-Boulet , Varennes , Québec J3X 1S2 , Canada
| | - Shuhui Sun
- Centre Énergie, Matériaux et Télécommunications , Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique , 1650, Boulevard Lionel-Boulet , Varennes , Québec J3X 1S2 , Canada
| | - Mohamed Chaker
- Centre Énergie, Matériaux et Télécommunications , Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique , 1650, Boulevard Lionel-Boulet , Varennes , Québec J3X 1S2 , Canada
| | - Federico Rosei
- Centre Énergie, Matériaux et Télécommunications , Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique , 1650, Boulevard Lionel-Boulet , Varennes , Québec J3X 1S2 , Canada
- Institute of Fundamental and Frontier Science , University of Electronic Science and Technology of China , Chengdu 610054 , People's Republic of China
| | - Riad Nechache
- École de Technologie Supérieure , 1100 Rue Notre-Dame Ouest , Montréal , Québec H3C 1K3 , Canada
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17
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Fan R, Mi Z, Shen M. Silicon based photoelectrodes for photoelectrochemical water splitting. OPTICS EXPRESS 2019; 27:A51-A80. [PMID: 30876004 DOI: 10.1364/oe.27.000a51] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2018] [Accepted: 12/16/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Solar water splitting using Si photoelectrodes in photoelectrochemical (PEC) cells offers a promising approach to convert sunlight into sustainable hydrogen energy, which has recently received intense research. This review summarizes the recent advances in the development of efficient and stable Si photoelectrodes for solar water splitting. The definition and representation of efficiency and stability for Si photoelectrodes are firstly introduced. We then present several basic strategies for designing highly efficient and stable Si photoelectrodes, including surface textures, protective layer, catalyst loading and the integration of the system. Finally, we highlight the progress that has been made in Si photocathodes and Si photoanodes, respectively, with emphasis on how to integrate Si with protective layer and catalyst.
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18
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19
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Oh S, Jung S, Lee YH, Song JT, Kim TH, Nandi DK, Kim SH, Oh J. Hole-Selective CoOx/SiOx/Si Heterojunctions for Photoelectrochemical Water Splitting. ACS Catal 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.8b03520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Seungtaeg Oh
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro,
Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Soonyoung Jung
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, Gyeongsangbuk-do 38541, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Hwan Lee
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro,
Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun Tae Song
- Graduate School of Energy, Environment, Water, and Sustainability (EEWS), KAIST, 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
- KI Institute for NanoCentury, KAIST, 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae Hyun Kim
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, Gyeongsangbuk-do 38541, Republic of Korea
| | - Dip K. Nandi
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, Gyeongsangbuk-do 38541, Republic of Korea
| | - Soo-Hyun Kim
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, Gyeongsangbuk-do 38541, Republic of Korea
| | - Jihun Oh
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro,
Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
- Graduate School of Energy, Environment, Water, and Sustainability (EEWS), KAIST, 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
- KI Institute for NanoCentury, KAIST, 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
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20
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Cai Q, Hong W, Jian C, Li J, Liu W. Insulator Layer Engineering toward Stable Si Photoanode for Efficient Water Oxidation. ACS Catal 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.8b01398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Qian Cai
- CAS Key Laboratory of Design and Assembly of Functional Nanostructures and Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Nanomaterials, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China
| | - Wenting Hong
- CAS Key Laboratory of Design and Assembly of Functional Nanostructures and Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Nanomaterials, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Chuanyong Jian
- CAS Key Laboratory of Design and Assembly of Functional Nanostructures and Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Nanomaterials, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China
| | - Jing Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Design and Assembly of Functional Nanostructures and Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Nanomaterials, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China
| | - Wei Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Design and Assembly of Functional Nanostructures and Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Nanomaterials, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China
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21
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Chen Q, Switzer JA. Photoelectrochemistry of Ultrathin, Semitransparent, and Catalytic Gold Films Electrodeposited Epitaxially onto n-Silicon (111). ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2018; 10:21365-21371. [PMID: 29856594 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b06388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
An ultrathin, epitaxial Au layer was electrochemically deposited on n-Si(111) to form a Schottky junction that was used as the photoanode in a regenerative photoelectrochemical cell. Au serves as a semitransparent contact that both stabilizes n-Si against photopassivation and catalyzes the oxidation of Fe2+ to Fe3+. In this cell, Fe2+ was oxidized at the n-Si(111)/Au(111) photoanode and Fe3+ was reduced at the Au cathode, leading to the conversion of solar energy into electrical energy with no net chemical reaction. The photocurrent was limited to 11.9 mA·cm-2 because of the absorption of light by the Fe2+/3+ redox couple. When a transparent solution of sulfite ion was oxidized at the photoanode, photocurrent densities as high as 28.5 mA·cm-2 were observed with AM 1.5 light of 100 mW·cm-2 intensity. One goal of the work was to determine the effect of the Au layer on the interfacial energetics as a function of the Au coverage. There was a decrease in the barrier height from 0.81 to 0.73 eV as the gold coverage was increased from island growth with 10% coverage to a dense Au film with a thickness of 11 nm. In all cases, the band-bending in n-Si was induced by the n-Si/Au Schottky junction instead of the energetic mismatch between the Fermi level of n-Si and the redox couple. The dense Au film gave the greatest stability. Although the photocurrent of the n-Si/Au photoanode with 10.2% island coverage dropped nearly to zero within 2 h, the photocurrent of the photoanode with a dense 11 nm thick Au film only decreased to 92% of its initial value after irradiation at open circuit with AM 1.5 light for 16 h. A 2.1 nm thick layer of SiO x formed between the Au film and n-Si. With further irradiation, the fill factor decreased because of the increase of series resistance as the SiO x layer thickness exceeded tunneling dimensions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingzhi Chen
- Department of Chemistry and Graduate Center for Materials Research , Missouri University of Science and Technology , Rolla , Missouri 65409-1170 , United States
| | - Jay A Switzer
- Department of Chemistry and Graduate Center for Materials Research , Missouri University of Science and Technology , Rolla , Missouri 65409-1170 , United States
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22
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Parish JD, Snook MW, Johnson AL, Kociok-Köhn G. Synthesis, characterisation and thermal properties of Sn(ii) pyrrolide complexes. Dalton Trans 2018; 47:7721-7729. [PMID: 29796508 DOI: 10.1039/c8dt00490k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
SnO is a rare example of a stable p-type semiconductor material. Here, we describe the synthesis and characterisation of a family of Sn(ii) pyrrolide complexes for future application in the MOCVD and ALD of tin containing thin films. Reaction of the Sn(ii) amide complex, [{(Me3Si)2N}2Sn], with the N,N-bidentate pyrrole pro-ligand, L1H, forms the hetero- and homoleptic complexes [{L1}Sn{N(SiMe3)2}] (1) and [{L1}2Sn] (2), respectively, bearing the 2-dimethylaminomethyl-pyrrolide ligand (L1). Reaction of [{(Me3Si)2N)}2Sn] with the pyrrole-aldimine pro-ligands, L2H-L7H, results in the exclusive formation of the homoleptic bis-pyrrolide complexes [{L2-7}2Sn] (3-8). All complexes have been characterised by elemental analysis and NMR spectroscopy, and the molecular structures of complexes 1-5 and 8 are determined by single crystal X-ray diffraction. TG analysis and isothermal TG analysis have been used to evaluate the potential utility of these systems as MOCVD and ALD precursors.
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Affiliation(s)
- James D Parish
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath, BA2 7AY, UK.
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23
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Seo J, Nishiyama H, Yamada T, Domen K. Auf sichtbares Licht ansprechende Photoanoden für hochaktive, dauerhafte Wasseroxidation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201710873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jeongsuk Seo
- Center for Energy and Environmental Science Shinshu University 4-17-1 Wakasato Nagano 380-8553 Japan
- Japan Technological Research Association of Artificial Photosynthetic Chemical Process (ARPChem) 2-11-9 Iwamotocho, Chiyoda-ku Tokyo 101-0032 Japan
| | - Hiroshi Nishiyama
- Japan Technological Research Association of Artificial Photosynthetic Chemical Process (ARPChem) 2-11-9 Iwamotocho, Chiyoda-ku Tokyo 101-0032 Japan
- Department of Chemical System Engineering School of Engineering The University of Tokyo 7-3-1 Hongo Bunkyo-ku Tokyo 113-8656 Japan
| | - Taro Yamada
- Japan Technological Research Association of Artificial Photosynthetic Chemical Process (ARPChem) 2-11-9 Iwamotocho, Chiyoda-ku Tokyo 101-0032 Japan
- Department of Chemical System Engineering School of Engineering The University of Tokyo 7-3-1 Hongo Bunkyo-ku Tokyo 113-8656 Japan
| | - Kazunari Domen
- Center for Energy and Environmental Science Shinshu University 4-17-1 Wakasato Nagano 380-8553 Japan
- Japan Technological Research Association of Artificial Photosynthetic Chemical Process (ARPChem) 2-11-9 Iwamotocho, Chiyoda-ku Tokyo 101-0032 Japan
- Department of Chemical System Engineering School of Engineering The University of Tokyo 7-3-1 Hongo Bunkyo-ku Tokyo 113-8656 Japan
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24
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Seo J, Nishiyama H, Yamada T, Domen K. Visible-Light-Responsive Photoanodes for Highly Active, Stable Water Oxidation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 57:8396-8415. [PMID: 29265720 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201710873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Solar energy is a natural and effectively permanent resource and so the conversion of solar radiation into chemical or electrical energy is an attractive, although challenging, prospect. Photo-electrochemical (PEC) water splitting is a key aspect of producing hydrogen from solar power. However, practical water oxidation over photoanodes (in combination with water reduction at a photocathode) in PEC cells is currently difficult to achieve because of the large overpotentials in the reaction kinetics and the inefficient photoactivity of the semiconductors. The development of semiconductors that allow high solar-to-hydrogen conversion efficiencies and the utilization of these materials in photoanodes will be a necessary aspect of achieving efficient, stable water oxidation. This Review discusses advances in water oxidation activity over photoanodes of n-type visible-light-responsive (oxy)nitrides and oxides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeongsuk Seo
- Center for Energy and Environmental Science, Shinshu University, 4-17-1 Wakasato, Nagano, 380-8553, Japan.,Japan Technological Research Association of Artificial Photosynthetic Chemical Process (ARPChem), 2-11-9 Iwamotocho, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, 101-0032, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Nishiyama
- Japan Technological Research Association of Artificial Photosynthetic Chemical Process (ARPChem), 2-11-9 Iwamotocho, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, 101-0032, Japan.,Department of Chemical System Engineering, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8656, Japan
| | - Taro Yamada
- Japan Technological Research Association of Artificial Photosynthetic Chemical Process (ARPChem), 2-11-9 Iwamotocho, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, 101-0032, Japan.,Department of Chemical System Engineering, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8656, Japan
| | - Kazunari Domen
- Center for Energy and Environmental Science, Shinshu University, 4-17-1 Wakasato, Nagano, 380-8553, Japan.,Japan Technological Research Association of Artificial Photosynthetic Chemical Process (ARPChem), 2-11-9 Iwamotocho, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, 101-0032, Japan.,Department of Chemical System Engineering, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8656, Japan
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25
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Siddiqi G, Luo Z, Xie Y, Pan Z, Zhu Q, Röhr JA, Cha JJ, Hu S. Stable Water Oxidation in Acid Using Manganese-Modified TiO 2 Protective Coatings. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2018; 10:18805-18815. [PMID: 29668253 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b05323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Accomplishing acid-stable water oxidation is a critical matter for achieving both long-lasting water-splitting devices and other fuel-forming electro- and photocatalytic processes. Because water oxidation releases protons into the local electrolytic environment, it becomes increasingly acidic during device operation, which leads to corrosion of the photoactive component and hence loss in device performance and lifetime. In this work, we show that thin films of manganese-modified titania, (Ti,Mn)O x, topped with an iridium catalyst, can be used in a coating stabilization scheme for acid-stable water oxidation. We achieved a device lifetime of more than 100 h in pH = 0 acid. We successfully grew (Ti,Mn)O x coatings with uniform elemental distributions over a wide range of manganese compositions using atomic layer deposition (ALD), and using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, we show that (Ti,Mn)O x films grown in this manner give rise to closer-to-valence-band Fermi levels, which can be further tuned with annealing. In contrast to the normally n-type or intrinsic TiO2 coatings, annealed (Ti,Mn)O x films can make direct charge transfer to a Fe(CN)63-/4- redox couple dissolved in aqueous electrolytes. Using the Fe(CN)63-/4- redox, we further demonstrated anodic charge transfer through the (Ti,Mn)O x films to high work function metals, such as iridium and gold, which is not previously possible with ALD-grown TiO2. We correlated changes in the crystallinity (amorphous to rutile TiO2) and oxidation state (2+ to 3+) of the annealed (Ti,Mn)O x films to their hole conductivity and electrochemical stability in acid. Finally, by combining (Ti,Mn)O x coatings with iridium, an acid-stable water-oxidation anode, using acid-sensitive conductive fluorine-doped tin oxides, was achieved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georges Siddiqi
- Energy Sciences Institute , Yale University , 810 West Campus Drive , West Haven , Connecticut 06516 , United States
| | - Zhenya Luo
- Energy Sciences Institute , Yale University , 810 West Campus Drive , West Haven , Connecticut 06516 , United States
| | - Yujun Xie
- Energy Sciences Institute , Yale University , 810 West Campus Drive , West Haven , Connecticut 06516 , United States
| | - Zhenhua Pan
- Energy Sciences Institute , Yale University , 810 West Campus Drive , West Haven , Connecticut 06516 , United States
| | - Qianhong Zhu
- Energy Sciences Institute , Yale University , 810 West Campus Drive , West Haven , Connecticut 06516 , United States
| | - Jason A Röhr
- Energy Sciences Institute , Yale University , 810 West Campus Drive , West Haven , Connecticut 06516 , United States
| | - Judy J Cha
- Energy Sciences Institute , Yale University , 810 West Campus Drive , West Haven , Connecticut 06516 , United States
| | - Shu Hu
- Energy Sciences Institute , Yale University , 810 West Campus Drive , West Haven , Connecticut 06516 , United States
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Bae D, Seger B, Vesborg PCK, Hansen O, Chorkendorff I. Strategies for stable water splitting via protected photoelectrodes. Chem Soc Rev 2018; 46:1933-1954. [PMID: 28246670 DOI: 10.1039/c6cs00918b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 187] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Photoelectrochemical (PEC) solar-fuel conversion is a promising approach to provide clean and storable fuel (e.g., hydrogen and methanol) directly from sunlight, water and CO2. However, major challenges still have to be overcome before commercialization can be achieved. One of the largest barriers to overcome is to achieve a stable PEC reaction in either strongly basic or acidic electrolytes without degradation of the semiconductor photoelectrodes. In this work, we discuss fundamental aspects of protection strategies for achieving stable solid/liquid interfaces. We then analyse the charge transfer mechanism through the protection layers for both photoanodes and photocathodes. In addition, we review protection layer approaches and their stabilities for a wide variety of experimental photoelectrodes for water reduction. Finally, we discuss key aspects which should be addressed in continued work on realizing stable and practical PEC solar water splitting systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dowon Bae
- Department of Physics, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark.
| | - Brian Seger
- Department of Physics, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark.
| | - Peter C K Vesborg
- Department of Physics, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark.
| | - Ole Hansen
- Department of Micro- and Nanotechnology, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Ib Chorkendorff
- Department of Physics, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark.
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Mondal M, Das B, Howli P, Das N, Chattopadhyay K. Porosity-tuned NiO nanoflakes: Effect of calcination temperature for high performing supercapacitor application. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2018.01.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Guo B, Batool A, Xie G, Boddula R, Tian L, Jan SU, Gong JR. Facile Integration between Si and Catalyst for High-Performance Photoanodes by a Multifunctional Bridging Layer. NANO LETTERS 2018; 18:1516-1521. [PMID: 29360384 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.7b05314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Designing high-quality interfaces is crucial for high-performance photoelectrochemical (PEC) water-splitting devices. Here, we demonstrate a facile integration between polycrystalline n+p-Si and NiFe-layered double hydroxide (LDH) nanosheet array by a partially activated Ni (Ni/NiOx) bridging layer for the excellent PEC water oxidation. In this model system, the thermally deposited Ni interlayer protects Si against corrosion and makes good contact with Si, and NiOx has a high capacity of hole accumulation and strong bonding with the electrodeposited NiFe-LDH due to the similarity in material composition and structure, facilitating transfer of accumulated holes to the catalyst. In addition, the back illumination configuration makes NiFe-LDH sufficiently thick for more catalytically active sites without compromising Si light absorption. This earth-abundant multicomponent photoanode affords the PEC performance with an onset potential of ∼0.78 V versus reversible hydrogen electrode (RHE), a photocurrent density of ∼37 mA cm-2 at 1.23 V versus RHE, and retains good stability in 1.0 M KOH, the highest water oxidation activity so far reported for the crystalline Si-based photoanodes. This bridging layer strategy is efficient and simple to smooth charge transfer and make robust contact at the semiconductor/electrocatalyst interface in the solar water-splitting systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beidou Guo
- Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchy Fabrication, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology , Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China
- University of CAS , Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Aisha Batool
- Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchy Fabrication, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology , Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China
- University of CAS , Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Guancai Xie
- Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchy Fabrication, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology , Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China
- University of CAS , Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Rajender Boddula
- Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchy Fabrication, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology , Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China
| | - Liangqiu Tian
- Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchy Fabrication, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology , Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China
- University of CAS , Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Saad Ullah Jan
- Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchy Fabrication, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology , Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China
- University of CAS , Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian Ru Gong
- Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchy Fabrication, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology , Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China
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29
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Peña B, Owen GR, Dettelbach KE, Berlinguette CP. Spin-coated epoxy resin embedding technique enables facile SEM/FIB thickness determination of porous metal oxide ultra-thin films. J Microsc 2018; 270:302-308. [PMID: 29369353 DOI: 10.1111/jmi.12683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2017] [Revised: 12/21/2017] [Accepted: 12/29/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
A facile nonsubjective method was designed to measure porous nonconductive iron oxide film thickness using a combination of a focused ion beam (FIB) and scanning electron microscopy. Iron oxide films are inherently nonconductive and porous, therefore the objective of this investigation was to optimize a methodology that would increase the conductivity of the film to facilitate high resolution imaging with a scanning electron microscopy and to preserve the porous nature of the film that could potentially be damaged by the energy of the FIB. Sputter coating the sample with a thin layer of iridium before creating the cross section with the FIB decreased sample charging and drifting, but differentiating the iron layer from the iridium coating with backscattered electron imaging was not definitive, making accurate assumptions of the delineation between the two metals difficult. Moreover, the porous nature of the film was lost due to beam damage following the FIB process. A thin layer plastication technique was therefore used to embed the porous film in epoxy resin that would provide support for the film during the FIB process. However, the thickness of the resin created using conventional thin layer plastication processing varied across the sample, making the measuring process only possible in areas where the resin layer was at its thinnest. Such variation required navigating the area for ideal milling areas, which increased the subjectivity of the process. We present a method to create uniform thin resin layers, of controlled thickness, that are ideal for quantifying the thickness of porous nonconductive films with FIB/scanning electron microscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Peña
- Department of Chemistry, The University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia, V6T1Z1, Canada
| | - G Rh Owen
- Department of Chemistry, The University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia, V6T1Z1, Canada.,Centre for High Throughput Phenogenomics, Faculty of Dentistry, Oral, Biological & Medical Sciences, The University of British Columbia, 2199 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia, V6T1Z3, Canada
| | - K E Dettelbach
- Department of Chemistry, The University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia, V6T1Z1, Canada
| | - C P Berlinguette
- Department of Chemistry, The University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia, V6T1Z1, Canada.,Stewart Blusson Quantum Matter Institute, The University of British Columbia, 2355 East Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T1Z4.,Department of Chemical & Biological Engineering, The University of British Columbia, 2360 East Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia, V6T1Z3, Canada
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30
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Yang D, Gulzar A, Yang G, Gai S, He F, Dai Y, Zhong C, Yang P. Au Nanoclusters Sensitized Black TiO 2-x Nanotubes for Enhanced Photodynamic Therapy Driven by Near-Infrared Light. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2017; 13:1703007. [PMID: 29094517 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201703007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2017] [Revised: 09/11/2017] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
The low reactive oxygen species production capability and the shallow tissue penetration of excited light (UV) are still two barriers in photodynamic therapy (PDT). Here, Au cluster anchored black anatase TiO2-x nanotubes (abbreviated as Au25 /B-TiO2-x NTs) are synthesized by gaseous reduction of anatase TiO2 NTs and subsequent deposition of noble metal. The Au25 /B-TiO2-x NTs with thickness of about 2 nm exhibit excellent PDT performance. The reduction process increased the density of Ti3+ on the surface of TiO2 , which effectively depresses the recombination of electron and hole. Furthermore, after modification of Au25 nanoclusters, the PDT efficiency is further enhanced owing to the changed electrical distribution in the composite, which forms a shallow potential well on the metal-TiO2 interface to further hamper the recombination of electron and hole. Especially, the reduction of anatase TiO2 can expend the light response range (UV) of TiO2 to the visible and even near infrared (NIR) light region with high tissue penetration depth. When excited by NIR light, the nanoplatform shows markedly improved therapeutic efficacy attributed to the photocatalytic synergistic effect, and promotes separation or restrained recombination of electron and hole, which is verified by experimental results in vitro and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Yang
- Key Laboratory of Superlight Materials and Surface Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Material Science and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin, 150001, P. R. China
| | - Arif Gulzar
- Key Laboratory of Superlight Materials and Surface Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Material Science and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin, 150001, P. R. China
| | - Guixin Yang
- Key Laboratory of Superlight Materials and Surface Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Material Science and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin, 150001, P. R. China
| | - Shili Gai
- Key Laboratory of Superlight Materials and Surface Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Material Science and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin, 150001, P. R. China
| | - Fei He
- Key Laboratory of Superlight Materials and Surface Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Material Science and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin, 150001, P. R. China
| | - Yunlu Dai
- Key Laboratory of Superlight Materials and Surface Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Material Science and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin, 150001, P. R. China
| | - Chongna Zhong
- Key Laboratory of Superlight Materials and Surface Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Material Science and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin, 150001, P. R. China
| | - Piaoping Yang
- Key Laboratory of Superlight Materials and Surface Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Material Science and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin, 150001, P. R. China
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31
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Su J, Wei Y, Vayssieres L. Stability and Performance of Sulfide-, Nitride-, and Phosphide-Based Electrodes for Photocatalytic Solar Water Splitting. J Phys Chem Lett 2017; 8:5228-5238. [PMID: 28972772 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.7b00772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
With the past decade of worldwide sustained efforts on artificial photosynthesis for photocatalytic solar water splitting and clean hydrogen generation by dedicated researchers and engineers from different disciplines, substantial progress has been achieved in raising its overall efficiency along with finding new photocatalysts. Various materials, systems, devices, and better fundamental understandings of the interplay between interfacial chemistry, electronic structure, and photogenerated charge dynamics involved have been developed. Nevertheless, the overall photocatalytic performance is yet to achieve its maximum theoretical limit. Moreover, the stability of well-known semiconductors (as well as novel ones) remains the biggest challenge that scientists are facing to develop durable industrial-scale devices for large-scale water oxidation and overall solar water splitting. In this Perspective, we summarize the major achievements and the different approaches carried out to improve the stability and performance of photoelectrodes based on sulfide, nitride, and phosphide semiconductors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinzhan Su
- International Research Center for Renewable Energy (IRCRE), State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering, School of Energy & Power Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University , Xi'an 710049, People's Republic of China
| | - Yankuan Wei
- International Research Center for Renewable Energy (IRCRE), State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering, School of Energy & Power Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University , Xi'an 710049, People's Republic of China
| | - Lionel Vayssieres
- International Research Center for Renewable Energy (IRCRE), State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering, School of Energy & Power Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University , Xi'an 710049, People's Republic of China
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32
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Oh S, Song H, Oh J. An Optically and Electrochemically Decoupled Monolithic Photoelectrochemical Cell for High-Performance Solar-Driven Water Splitting. NANO LETTERS 2017; 17:5416-5422. [PMID: 28800240 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.7b02023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Photoelectrochemical (PEC) cells have attracted much attention as a viable route for storing solar energy and producing value-added chemicals and fuels. However, the competition between light absorption and electrocatalysis at a restrained cocatalyst area on conventional planar-type photoelectrodes could limit their conversion efficiency. Here, we demonstrate a new monolithic photoelectrode architecture that eliminate the optical-electrochemical coupling by forming locally nanostructured cocatalysts on a photoelectrode. As a model study, Ni inverse opal (IO), an ordered three-dimensional porous nanostructure, was used as a surface-area-controlled electrocatalyst locally formed on Si photoanodes. The optical-electrochemical decoupling of our monolithic photoanodes significantly enhances the PEC performance for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) by increasing light absorption and by providing more electrochemically active sites. Our Si photoanode with local Ni IOs maintains an identical photolimiting current density but reduces the overpotential by about 120 mV compared to a Si photoanode with planar Ni cocatalysts with the same footprint under 1 sun illumination. Finally, a highly efficient Si photoanode with an onset potential of 0.94 V vs reversible hydrogen electrode (RHE) and a photocurrent density of 31.2 mA/cm2 at 1.23 V vs RHE in 1 M KOH under 1 sun illumination is achieved with local NiFe alloy IOs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seungtaeg Oh
- Graduate School of Energy, Environment, Water, and Sustainability (EEWS), ‡KI Institute for NanoCentury, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) , 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 350-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Hakhyeon Song
- Graduate School of Energy, Environment, Water, and Sustainability (EEWS), ‡KI Institute for NanoCentury, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) , 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 350-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Jihun Oh
- Graduate School of Energy, Environment, Water, and Sustainability (EEWS), ‡KI Institute for NanoCentury, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) , 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 350-701, Republic of Korea
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33
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Sheridan MV, Hill DJ, Sherman BD, Wang D, Marquard SL, Wee KR, Cahoon JF, Meyer TJ. All-in-One Derivatized Tandem p +n-Silicon-SnO 2/TiO 2 Water Splitting Photoelectrochemical Cell. NANO LETTERS 2017; 17:2440-2446. [PMID: 28240557 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.7b00105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Mesoporous metal oxide film electrodes consisting of derivatized 5.5 μm thick SnO2 films with an outer 4.3 nm shell of TiO2 added by atomic layer deposition (ALD) have been investigated to explore unbiased water splitting on p, n, and p+n type silicon substrates. Modified electrodes were derivatized by addition of the water oxidation catalyst, [Ru(bda)(4-O(CH2)3PO3H2)-pyr)2], 1, (pyr = pyridine; bda = 2,2'-bipyridine-6,6'-dicarboxylate), and chromophore, [Ru(4,4'-PO3H2-bpy) (bpy)2]2+, RuP2+, (bpy = 2,2'-bipyridine), which form 2:1 RuP2+/1 assemblies on the surface. At pH 5.7 in 0.1 M acetate buffer, these electrodes with a fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO) back contact under ∼1 sun illumination (100 mW/cm2; white light source) perform efficient water oxidation with a photocurrent of 1.5 mA/cm2 with an 88% Faradaic efficiency (FE) for O2 production at an applied bias of 600 mV versus RHE ( ACS Energy Lett. , 2016 , 1 , 231 - 236 ). The SnO2/TiO2-chromophore-catalyst assembly was integrated with the Si electrodes by a thin layer of titanium followed by an amorphous TiO2 (Ti/a-TiO2) coating as an interconnect. In the integrated electrode, p+n-Si-Ti/a-TiO2-SnO2/TiO2|-2RuP2+/1, the p+n-Si junction provided about 350 mV in added potential to the half cell. In photolysis experiments at pH 5.7 in 0.1 M acetate buffer, bias-free photocurrents approaching 100 μA/cm2 were obtained for water splitting, 2H2O → 2H2 + O2. The FE for water oxidation was 79% with a hydrogen efficiency of ∼100% at the Pt cathode.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew V Sheridan
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - David J Hill
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Benjamin D Sherman
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Degao Wang
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Seth L Marquard
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Kyung-Ryang Wee
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - James F Cahoon
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Thomas J Meyer
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
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Yang J, Cooper JK, Toma FM, Walczak KA, Favaro M, Beeman JW, Hess LH, Wang C, Zhu C, Gul S, Yano J, Kisielowski C, Schwartzberg A, Sharp ID. A multifunctional biphasic water splitting catalyst tailored for integration with high-performance semiconductor photoanodes. NATURE MATERIALS 2017; 16:335-341. [PMID: 27820814 DOI: 10.1038/nmat4794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2016] [Accepted: 10/04/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Artificial photosystems are advanced by the development of conformal catalytic materials that promote desired chemical transformations, while also maintaining stability and minimizing parasitic light absorption for integration on surfaces of semiconductor light absorbers. Here, we demonstrate that multifunctional, nanoscale catalysts that enable high-performance photoelectrochemical energy conversion can be engineered by plasma-enhanced atomic layer deposition. The collective properties of tailored Co3O4/Co(OH)2 thin films simultaneously provide high activity for water splitting, permit efficient interfacial charge transport from semiconductor substrates, and enhance durability of chemically sensitive interfaces. These films comprise compact and continuous nanocrystalline Co3O4 spinel that is impervious to phase transformation and impermeable to ions, thereby providing effective protection of the underlying substrate. Moreover, a secondary phase of structurally disordered and chemically labile Co(OH)2 is introduced to ensure a high concentration of catalytically active sites. Application of this coating to photovoltaic p+n-Si junctions yields best reported performance characteristics for crystalline Si photoanodes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinhui Yang
- Joint Center for Artificial Photosynthesis, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Jason K Cooper
- Joint Center for Artificial Photosynthesis, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Francesca M Toma
- Joint Center for Artificial Photosynthesis, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Karl A Walczak
- Joint Center for Artificial Photosynthesis, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Marco Favaro
- Joint Center for Artificial Photosynthesis, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Jeffrey W Beeman
- Joint Center for Artificial Photosynthesis, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Lucas H Hess
- Joint Center for Artificial Photosynthesis, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Cheng Wang
- Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Chenhui Zhu
- Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Sheraz Gul
- Molecular Biophysics and Integrated Bioimaging, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Junko Yano
- Joint Center for Artificial Photosynthesis, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
- Molecular Biophysics and Integrated Bioimaging, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Christian Kisielowski
- Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Adam Schwartzberg
- Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Ian D Sharp
- Joint Center for Artificial Photosynthesis, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
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Ziani A, Shinagawa T, Stegenburga L, Takanabe K. Generation of Transparent Oxygen Evolution Electrode Consisting of Regularly Ordered Nanoparticles from Self-Assembly Cobalt Phthalocyanine as a Template. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2016; 8:32376-32384. [PMID: 27813407 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.6b12006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The decoration of (photo)electrodes for efficient photoresponse requires the use of electrocatalysts with good dispersion and high transparency for efficient light absorption by the photoelectrode. As a result of the ease of thermal evaporation and particulate self-assembly growth, the phthalocyanine molecular species can be uniformly deposited layer-by-layer on the surface of substrates. This structure can be used as a template to achieve a tunable amount of catalysts, high dispersion of the nanoparticles, and transparency of the catalysts. In this study, we present a systematic study of the structural and optical properties, surface morphologies, and electrochemical oxygen evolution reaction (OER) performance of cobalt oxide prepared from a phthalocyanine metal precursor. Cobalt phthalocyanine (CoPc) films with different thicknesses were deposited by thermal evaporation on different substrates. The films were annealed at 400 °C in air to form a material with the cobalt oxide phase. The final Co oxide catalysts exhibit high transparency after thermal treatment. Their OER measurements demonstrate well expected mass activity for OER. Thermally evaporated and treated transition metal oxide nanoparticles are attractive for the functionalization of (photo)anodes for water oxidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Ziani
- KAUST Catalysis Center (KCC) and Physical Sciences and Engineering Division (PSE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST) , Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Tatsuya Shinagawa
- KAUST Catalysis Center (KCC) and Physical Sciences and Engineering Division (PSE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST) , Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Liga Stegenburga
- KAUST Catalysis Center (KCC) and Physical Sciences and Engineering Division (PSE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST) , Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Kazuhiro Takanabe
- KAUST Catalysis Center (KCC) and Physical Sciences and Engineering Division (PSE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST) , Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
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Liu G, Du K, Haussener S, Wang K. Charge Transport in Two-Photon Semiconducting Structures for Solar Fuels. CHEMSUSCHEM 2016; 9:2878-2904. [PMID: 27624337 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.201600773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Semiconducting heterostructures are emerging as promising light absorbers and offer effective electron-hole separation to drive solar chemistry. This technology relies on semiconductor composites or photoelectrodes that work in the presence of a redox mediator and that create cascade junctions to promote surface catalytic reactions. Rational tuning of their structures and compositions is crucial to fully exploit their functionality. In this review, we describe the possibilities of applying the two-photon concept to the field of solar fuels. A wide range of strategies including the indirect combination of two semiconductors by a redox couple, direct coupling of two semiconductors, multicomponent structures with a conductive mediator, related photoelectrodes, as well as two-photon cells are discussed for light energy harvesting and charge transport. Examples of charge extraction models from the literature are summarized to understand the mechanism of interfacial carrier dynamics and to rationalize experimental observations. We focus on a working principle of the constituent components and linking the photosynthetic activity with the proposed models. This work gives a new perspective on artificial photosynthesis by taking simultaneous advantages of photon absorption and charge transfer, outlining an encouraging roadmap towards solar fuels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guohua Liu
- Department of Micro and Nano Systems Technology, University College of Southeast Norway, Horten, 3184, Norway
- School of Energy and Environment, Anhui University of Technology, Maanshan, 243002, PR China
| | - Kang Du
- Department of Micro and Nano Systems Technology, University College of Southeast Norway, Horten, 3184, Norway
| | - Sophia Haussener
- Institute of Mechanical Engineering, Ecole Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Kaiying Wang
- Department of Micro and Nano Systems Technology, University College of Southeast Norway, Horten, 3184, Norway.
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Li Q, Zheng M, Ma L, Zhong M, Zhu C, Zhang B, Wang F, Song J, Ma L, Shen W. Unique Three-Dimensional InP Nanopore Arrays for Improved Photoelectrochemical Hydrogen Production. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2016; 8:22493-22500. [PMID: 27501479 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.6b06200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Ordered three-dimensional (3D) nanostructure arrays hold promise for high-performance energy harvesting and storage devices. Here, we report the fabrication of InP nanopore arrays (NPs) in unique 3D architectures with excellent light trapping characteristic and large surface areas for use as highly active photoelectrodes in photoelectrochemical (PEC) hydrogen evolution devices. The ordered 3D NPs were scalably synthesized by a facile two-step etching process of (1) anodic etching of InP in neutral 3 M NaCl electrolytes to realize nanoporous structures and (2) wet chemical etching in HCl/H3PO4 (volume ratio of 1:3) solutions for removing the remaining top irregular layer. Importantly, we demonstrated that the use of neutral electrolyte of NaCl instead of other solutions, such as HCl, in anodic etching of InP can significantly passivate the surface states of 3D NPs. As a result, the maximum photoconversion efficiency obtained with ∼15.7 μm thick 3D NPs was 0.95%, which was 7.3 and 1.4 times higher than that of planar and 2D NPs. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and photoluminescence analyses further clarified that the improved PEC performance was attributed to the enhanced charge transfer across 3D NPs/electrolyte interfaces, the improved charge separation at 3D NPs/electrolyte junction, and the increased PEC active surface areas with our unique 3D NP arrays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Li
- Key Laboratory of Artificial Structure and Quantum Control, Ministry of Education, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University , Shanghai, 200240, People's Republic of China
| | - Maojun Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Artificial Structure and Quantum Control, Ministry of Education, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University , Shanghai, 200240, People's Republic of China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures , Nanjing 210093, People's Republic of China
| | - Liguo Ma
- Key Laboratory of Artificial Structure and Quantum Control, Ministry of Education, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University , Shanghai, 200240, People's Republic of China
| | - Miao Zhong
- Department of Chemical System Engineering, The University of Tokyo , 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Changqing Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Artificial Structure and Quantum Control, Ministry of Education, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University , Shanghai, 200240, People's Republic of China
| | - Bin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Artificial Structure and Quantum Control, Ministry of Education, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University , Shanghai, 200240, People's Republic of China
| | - Faze Wang
- Key Laboratory of Artificial Structure and Quantum Control, Ministry of Education, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University , Shanghai, 200240, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingnan Song
- Key Laboratory of Artificial Structure and Quantum Control, Ministry of Education, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University , Shanghai, 200240, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Ma
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University , Shanghai 200240, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenzhong Shen
- Key Laboratory of Artificial Structure and Quantum Control, Ministry of Education, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University , Shanghai, 200240, People's Republic of China
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Yang Y, Liu G, Irvine JTS, Cheng HM. Enhanced Photocatalytic H2 Production in Core-Shell Engineered Rutile TiO2. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2016; 28:5850-6. [PMID: 27159036 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201600495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2016] [Revised: 03/05/2016] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
A rationally designed crystalline Ti(3+) core/amorphous Ti(4+) shell configuration can reverse the population disparity between holes and electrons reaching the surface of microsized rutile TiO2 photocatalyst, thus significantly enhancing its photocatalytic activity by two orders of magnitude in terms of the hydrogen production rate under the irradiation of UV-vis light.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongqiang Yang
- Department of Materials Science and Technology, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Road, HeFei, 230026, China
- Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 72 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Gang Liu
- Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 72 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - John T S Irvine
- School of Chemistry, University of St. Andrews, Fife, KY16 9ST, UK
| | - Hui-Ming Cheng
- Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 72 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, 110016, China
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Xu X, Bullock J, Schelhas LT, Stutz EZ, Fonseca JJ, Hettick M, Pool VL, Tai KF, Toney MF, Fang X, Javey A, Wong LH, Ager JW. Chemical Bath Deposition of p-Type Transparent, Highly Conducting (CuS)x:(ZnS)1-x Nanocomposite Thin Films and Fabrication of Si Heterojunction Solar Cells. NANO LETTERS 2016; 16:1925-1932. [PMID: 26855162 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.5b05124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
P-type transparent conducting films of nanocrystalline (CuS)x:(ZnS)1-x were synthesized by facile and low-cost chemical bath deposition. Wide angle X-ray scattering (WAXS) and high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) were used to evaluate the nanocomposite structure, which consists of sub-5 nm crystallites of sphalerite ZnS and covellite CuS. Film transparency can be controlled by tuning the size of the nanocrystallites, which is achieved by adjusting the concentration of the complexing agent during growth; optimal films have optical transmission above 70% in the visible range of the spectrum. The hole conductivity increases with the fraction of the covellite phase and can be as high as 1000 S cm(-1), which is higher than most reported p-type transparent materials and approaches that of n-type transparent materials such as indium tin oxide (ITO) and aluminum doped zinc oxide (AZO) synthesized at a similar temperature. Heterojunction p-(CuS)x:(ZnS)1-x/n-Si solar cells were fabricated with the nanocomposite film serving as a hole-selective contact. Under 1 sun illumination, an open circuit voltage of 535 mV was observed. This value compares favorably to other emerging heterojunction Si solar cells which use a low temperature process to fabricate the contact, such as single-walled carbon nanotube/Si (370-530 mV) and graphene/Si (360-552 mV).
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojie Xu
- Department of Materials Science, Fudan University , Shanghai 200438, P. R. China
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory , Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - James Bullock
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory , Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Laura T Schelhas
- Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory , Menlo Park, California 94025, United States
| | - Elias Z Stutz
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory , Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (EPFL) , Lausanne 1015, Switzerland
| | - Jose J Fonseca
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory , Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Mark Hettick
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory , Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Vanessa L Pool
- Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory , Menlo Park, California 94025, United States
| | - Kong Fai Tai
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University , Singapore 639798
| | - Michael F Toney
- Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory , Menlo Park, California 94025, United States
| | - Xiaosheng Fang
- Department of Materials Science, Fudan University , Shanghai 200438, P. R. China
| | - Ali Javey
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory , Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Lydia Helena Wong
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University , Singapore 639798
| | - Joel W Ager
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory , Berkeley, California 94720, United States
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Li Q, Zheng M, Zhang B, Zhu C, Wang F, Song J, Zhong M, Ma L, Shen W. InP nanopore arrays for photoelectrochemical hydrogen generation. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2016; 27:075704. [PMID: 26775672 DOI: 10.1088/0957-4484/27/7/075704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
We report a facile and large-scale fabrication of highly ordered one-dimensional (1D) indium phosphide (InP) nanopore arrays (NPs) and their application as photoelectrodes for photoelectrochemical (PEC) hydrogen production. These InP NPs exhibit superior PEC performance due to their excellent light-trapping characteristics, high-quality 1D conducting channels and large surface areas. The photocurrent density of optimized InP NPs is 8.9 times higher than that of planar counterpart at an applied potential of +0.3 V versus RHE under AM 1.5G illumination (100 mW cm(-2)). In addition, the onset potential of InP NPs exhibits 105 mV of cathodic shift relative to planar control. The superior performance of the nanoporous samples is further explained by Mott-Schottky and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy ananlysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Li
- Key Laboratory of Artificial Structure and Quantum Control, Ministry of Education, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, People's Republic of China
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Scheuermann AG, Lawrence JP, Kemp KW, Ito T, Walsh A, Chidsey CED, Hurley PK, McIntyre PC. Design principles for maximizing photovoltage in metal-oxide-protected water-splitting photoanodes. NATURE MATERIALS 2016; 15:99-105. [PMID: 26480231 DOI: 10.1038/nmat4451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2015] [Accepted: 08/06/2015] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Metal oxide protection layers for photoanodes may enable the development of large-scale solar fuel and solar chemical synthesis, but the poor photovoltages often reported so far will severely limit their performance. Here we report a novel observation of photovoltage loss associated with a charge extraction barrier imposed by the protection layer, and, by eliminating it, achieve photovoltages as high as 630 mV, the maximum reported so far for water-splitting silicon photoanodes. The loss mechanism is systematically probed in metal-insulator-semiconductor Schottky junction cells compared to buried junction p(+)n cells, revealing the need to maintain a characteristic hole density at the semiconductor/insulator interface. A leaky-capacitor model related to the dielectric properties of the protective oxide explains this loss, achieving excellent agreement with the data. From these findings, we formulate design principles for simultaneous optimization of built-in field, interface quality, and hole extraction to maximize the photovoltage of oxide-protected water-splitting anodes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew G Scheuermann
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - John P Lawrence
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - Kyle W Kemp
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - T Ito
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
- Tokyo Electron Limited, Technology Development Center, 650, Hosaka-cho Mitsuzawa, Nirasaki, Yamanashi 407-0192, Japan
| | - Adrian Walsh
- Tyndall National Institute, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | | | - Paul K Hurley
- Tyndall National Institute, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Paul C McIntyre
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
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