1
|
Kimpel J, Kim Y, Asatryan J, Martín J, Kroon R, Müller C. High-mobility organic mixed conductors with a low synthetic complexity index via direct arylation polymerization. Chem Sci 2024; 15:7679-7688. [PMID: 38784738 PMCID: PMC11110131 DOI: 10.1039/d4sc01430h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Through direct arylation polymerization, a series of mixed ion-electron conducting polymers with a low synthetic complexity index is synthesized. A thieno[3,2-b]thiophene monomer with oligoether side chains is used in direct arylation polymerization together with a wide range of aryl bromides with varying electronic character from electron-donating thiophene to electron-accepting benzothiadiazole. The obtained polymers are less synthetically complex than other mixed ion-electron conducting polymers due to higher yield, fewer synthetic steps and less toxic reagents. Organic electrochemical transistors (OECTs) based on a newly synthesized copolymer comprising thieno[3,2-b]thiophene with oligoether side chains and bithiophene exhibit excellent device performance. A high charge-carrier mobility of up to μ = 1.8 cm2 V-1 s-1 was observed, obtained by dividing the figure of merit [μC*] from OECT measurements by the volumetric capacitance C* from electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, which reached a value of more than 215 F cm-3.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joost Kimpel
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology 412 96 Göteborg Sweden
| | - Youngseok Kim
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology 412 96 Göteborg Sweden
| | - Jesika Asatryan
- Universidade da Coruña, Campus Industrial de Ferrol, CITENI Esteiro 15403 Ferrol Spain
| | - Jaime Martín
- Universidade da Coruña, Campus Industrial de Ferrol, CITENI Esteiro 15403 Ferrol Spain
| | - Renee Kroon
- Laboratory of Organic Electronics, Department of Science and Technology, Linköping University Norrköping Sweden
- Wallenberg Initiative Materials Science for Sustainability, Department of Science and Technology, Linköping University Norrköping Sweden
| | - Christian Müller
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology 412 96 Göteborg Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Uva A, Michailovich S, Hsu NSY, Tran H. Degradable π-Conjugated Polymers. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:12271-12287. [PMID: 38656104 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c03194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
The integration of next-generation electronics into society is rapidly reshaping our daily interactions and lifestyles, revolutionizing communication and engagement with the world. Future electronics promise stimuli-responsive features and enhanced biocompatibility, such as skin-like health monitors and sensors embedded in food packaging, transforming healthcare and reducing food waste. Imparting degradability may reduce the adverse environmental impact of next-generation electronics and lead to opportunities for environmental and health monitoring. While advancements have been made in producing degradable materials for encapsulants, substrates, and dielectrics, the availability of degradable conducting and semiconducting materials remains restricted. π-Conjugated polymers are promising candidates for the development of degradable conductors or semiconductors due to the ability to tune their stimuli-responsiveness, biocompatibility, and mechanical durability. This perspective highlights three design considerations: the selection of π-conjugated monomers, synthetic coupling strategies, and degradation of π-conjugated polymers, for generating π-conjugated materials for degradable electronics. We describe the current challenges with monomeric design and present options to circumvent these issues by highlighting biobased π-conjugated compounds with known degradation pathways and stable monomers that allow for chemically recyclable polymers. Next, we present coupling strategies that are compatible for the synthesis of degradable π-conjugated polymers, including direct arylation polymerization and enzymatic polymerization. Lastly, we discuss various modes of depolymerization and characterization techniques to enhance our comprehension of potential degradation byproducts formed during polymer cleavage. Our perspective considers these three design parameters in parallel rather than independently while having a targeted application in mind to accelerate the discovery of next-generation high-performance π-conjugated polymers for degradable organic electronics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Azalea Uva
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Sofia Michailovich
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Nathan Sung Yuan Hsu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Helen Tran
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
- Acceleration Consortium, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Zhang Y, Xu C, Wang P, Gao C, Li W, Ni Z, Han Y, Zhao Y, Geng Y, Wang Z, Hu W, Dong H. Universal Design and Efficient Synthesis for High Ambipolar Mobility Emissive Conjugated Polymers. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202319997. [PMID: 38499464 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202319997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2023] [Revised: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
High ambipolar mobility emissive conjugated polymers (HAME-CPs) are perfect candidates for organic optoelectronic devices, such as polymer light emitting transistors. However, due to intrinsic trade-off relationship between high ambipolar mobility and strong solid-state luminescence, the development of HAME-CPs suffers from high structural and synthetic complexity. Herein, a universal design principle and simple synthetic approach for HAME-CPs are developed. A series of simple non-fused polymers composed of charge transfer units, π bridges and emissive units are synthesized via a two-step microwave assisted C-H arylation and direct arylation polymerization protocol with high total yields up to 61 %. The synthetic protocol is verified valid among 7 monomers and 8 polymers. Most importantly, all 8 conjugated polymers have strong solid-state emission with high photoluminescence quantum yields up to 24 %. Furthermore, 4 polymers exhibit high ambipolar field effect mobility up to 10-2 cm2 V-1 s-1, and can be used in multifunctional optoelectronic devices. This work opens a new avenue for developing HAME-CPs by efficient synthesis and rational design.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yihan Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Joint International Research Laboratory of Precision Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, Institute of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
- Department of Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Chenhui Xu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tianjin University and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Pu Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- Department of Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Can Gao
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Wenhao Li
- Laboratory of Molecular Materials and Devices, Department of Materials Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, P. R. China
| | - Zhenjie Ni
- Department of Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yang Han
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tianjin University and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Yan Zhao
- Laboratory of Molecular Materials and Devices, Department of Materials Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, P. R. China
| | - Yanhou Geng
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tianjin University and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Zhaohui Wang
- Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Wenping Hu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tianjin University and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tianjin, 300072, China
- Joint School of National University of Singapore and Tianjin University, International Campus of Tianjin University, Binhai New City, 350207, China
| | - Huanli Dong
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Xu LY, Wang W, Yang X, Wang S, Shao Y, Chen M, Sun R, Min J. Real-time monitoring polymerization degree of organic photovoltaic materials toward no batch-to-batch variations in device performance. Nat Commun 2024; 15:1248. [PMID: 38341407 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-45510-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Polymerization degree plays a vital role in material properties. Previous methodologies of molecular weight control generally cannot suppress or alleviate batch-to-batch variations in device performance, especially in polymer solar cells. Herein, we develop an in-situ photoluminescence system in tandem with a set of analysis and processing procedures to track and estimate the polymerization degree of organic photovoltaic materials. To support the development of this protocol, we introduce polymer acceptor PYT constructed by near-infrared Y-series small molecule acceptors via Stille polymerization, and shed light on the correlations between molecular weight, spectral parameters, and device efficiencies that enable the design of the optical setup and confirm its feasibility. The universality is verified in PYT derivatives with stereoregularity and fluoro-substitution as well as benzo[1,2-b:4,5-b']dithiophene-based polymers. Overall, our result provides a tool to tailor suitable conjugated oligomers applied to polymer solar cells and other organic electronics for industrial scalability and desired cost reduction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lin-Yong Xu
- The Institute for Advanced Studies, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Wei Wang
- The Institute for Advanced Studies, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Xinrong Yang
- The Institute for Advanced Studies, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Shanshan Wang
- The Institute for Advanced Studies, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Yiming Shao
- The Institute for Advanced Studies, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Mingxia Chen
- The Institute for Advanced Studies, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Rui Sun
- The Institute for Advanced Studies, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China.
| | - Jie Min
- The Institute for Advanced Studies, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Kuwabara J, Kanbara T. Synthesis of Organic Optoelectronic Materials Using Direct C-H Functionalization. Chempluschem 2024; 89:e202300400. [PMID: 37823322 DOI: 10.1002/cplu.202300400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Revised: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
Small molecules and polymers with conjugated structures can be used as organic optoelectronic materials. These molecules have conventionally been synthesized by cross-coupling reactions; however, in recent years, direct functionalization of C-H bonds has been used to synthesize organic optoelectronic materials. Representative reactions include direct arylation reactions (C-H/C-X couplings, with X being halogen or pseudo-halogen) and cross-dehydrogenative coupling (C-H/C-H cross-coupling) reactions. Although these reactions are convenient for short-step synthesis, they require regioselectivity in the C-H bonds and suppression of undesired homo-coupling side reactions. This review introduces examples of the synthesis of organic optoelectronic materials using two types of direct C-H functionalization reactions. In addition, we summarize our recent activities in the development of direct C-H functionalization reactions using fluorobenzenes as substrates. This review covers the reaction mechanism and material properties of the resulting products.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Junpei Kuwabara
- Tsukuba Research Center for Energy Materials Science (TREMS), Institute of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8573, Japan
- Institute of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8573, Japan
| | - Takaki Kanbara
- Institute of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8573, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Yang X, Shao Y, Wang S, Chen M, Xiao B, Sun R, Min J. Processability Considerations for Next-Generation Organic Photovoltaic Materials. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023:e2307863. [PMID: 38048536 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202307863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Revised: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 12/06/2023]
Abstract
The evolution of organic semiconductors for organic photovoltaics (OPVs) has resulted in unforeseen outcomes. This has provided substitute choices of photoactive layer materials, which effectively convert sunlight into electricity. Recently developed OPV materials have narrowed down the gaps in efficiency, stability, and cost in devices. Records now show power conversion efficiency in single-junction devices closing to 20%. Despite this, there is still a gap between the currently developed OPV materials and those that meet the requirements of practical applications, especially the solution processability issue widely concerned in the field of OPVs. Based on the general rule that structure determines properties, methodologies to enhance the processability of OPV materials are reviewed and explored from the perspective of material design and views on the further development of processable OPV materials are presented. Considering the current dilemma that the existing evaluation indicators cannot reflect the industrial processability of OPV materials, a more complete set of key performance indicators are proposed for their processability considerations. The purpose of this perspective is to raise awareness of the boundary conditions that exist in industrial OPV manufacturing and to provide guidance for academic research that aspires to contribute to technological advancements.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xinrong Yang
- The Institute for Advanced Studies, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Yiming Shao
- The Institute for Advanced Studies, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Shanshan Wang
- The Institute for Advanced Studies, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Mingxia Chen
- The Institute for Advanced Studies, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Bo Xiao
- The Institute for Advanced Studies, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Rui Sun
- The Institute for Advanced Studies, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Jie Min
- The Institute for Advanced Studies, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Wen X, Xie W, Li Y, Ma X, Liu Z, Han X, Wen K, Zhang F, Lin Y, Shi Q, Peng A, Huang H. Room Temperature Anhydrous Suzuki-Miyaura Polymerization Enabled by C-S Bond Activation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202309922. [PMID: 37578857 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202309922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Revised: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/16/2023]
Abstract
The Suzuki-Miyaura cross-coupling is one of the most important and powerful methods for constructing C-C bonds. However, the protodeboronation of arylboronic acids hinder the development of Suzuki-Miyaura coupling in the precise synthesis of conjugated polymers (CPs). Here, an anhydrous room temperature Suzuki-Miyaura cross-coupling reaction between (hetero)aryl boronic esters and aryl sulfides was explored, of which universality was exemplified by thirty small molecules and twelve CPs. Meanwhile, the mechanistic studies involving with capturing four coordinated borate intermediate revealed the direct transmetalation of boronic esters in the absence of H2 O suppressing the protodeboronation. Additionally, the room temperature reaction significantly reduced the homocoupling defects and enhanced the optoelectronic properties of the CPs. In all, this work provides a green protocol to synthesize alternating CPs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Wen
- College of Materials Science and Opto-Electronic Technology & Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering & CAS Center for Excellence in Topological Quantum Computation & CAS Key Laboratory of Vacuum Physics, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Wenbin Xie
- College of Materials Science and Opto-Electronic Technology & Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering & CAS Center for Excellence in Topological Quantum Computation & CAS Key Laboratory of Vacuum Physics, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Yawen Li
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoying Ma
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Zhaoying Liu
- College of Materials Science and Opto-Electronic Technology & Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering & CAS Center for Excellence in Topological Quantum Computation & CAS Key Laboratory of Vacuum Physics, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
- Department of Dermatology, the Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, 519000, P. R. China
| | - Xiao Han
- College of Materials Science and Opto-Electronic Technology & Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering & CAS Center for Excellence in Topological Quantum Computation & CAS Key Laboratory of Vacuum Physics, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Kaikai Wen
- College of Materials Science and Opto-Electronic Technology & Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering & CAS Center for Excellence in Topological Quantum Computation & CAS Key Laboratory of Vacuum Physics, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Fengjiao Zhang
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Yuze Lin
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Qinqin Shi
- College of Materials Science and Opto-Electronic Technology & Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering & CAS Center for Excellence in Topological Quantum Computation & CAS Key Laboratory of Vacuum Physics, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Aidong Peng
- College of Materials Science and Opto-Electronic Technology & Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering & CAS Center for Excellence in Topological Quantum Computation & CAS Key Laboratory of Vacuum Physics, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Hui Huang
- College of Materials Science and Opto-Electronic Technology & Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering & CAS Center for Excellence in Topological Quantum Computation & CAS Key Laboratory of Vacuum Physics, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Wang X, Li Y, Li J, Zhang Y, Shao J, Li Y. Direct Arylation Synthesis of Small Molecular Acceptors for Organic Solar Cells. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28083515. [PMID: 37110749 PMCID: PMC10144321 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28083515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Revised: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, small molecular acceptors (SMAs) have extensively promoted the progress of organic solar cells (OSCs). The facile tuning of chemical structures affords SMAs excellent tunability of their absorption and energy levels, and it gives SMA-based OSCs slight energy loss, enabling OSCs to achieve high power conversion efficiencies (e.g., >18%). However, SMAs always suffer complicated chemical structures requiring multiple-step synthesis and cumbersome purification, which is unfavorable to the large-scale production of SMAs and OSC devices for industrialization. Direct arylation coupling reaction via aromatic C-H bonds activation allows for the synthesis of SMAs under mild conditions, and it simultaneously reduces synthetic steps, synthetic difficulty, and toxic by-products. This review provides an overview of the progress of SMA synthesis through direct arylation and summarizes the typical reaction conditions to highlight the field's challenges. Significantly, the impacts of direct arylation conditions on reaction activity and reaction yield of the different reactants' structures are discussed and highlighted. This review gives a comprehensive view of preparing SMAs by direct arylation reactions to cause attention to the facile and low-cost synthesis of photovoltaic materials for OSCs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaochen Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China
| | - Yuechen Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China
| | - Jianfeng Li
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech), No. 1088, Xueyuan Road, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Yuan Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China
| | - Jinjun Shao
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE), School of Flexible Electronics (Future Technologies), Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Yongfang Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Brassard S, Sangachin MH, Leclerc M. Toward Defect Suppression in Polythiophenes Synthesized by Direct (Hetero)Arylation Polymerization. Macromolecules 2023. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.2c02248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Brassard
- Département de Chimie, Université Laval, Quebec City G1V 0A6, Quebec, Canada
| | | | - Mario Leclerc
- Département de Chimie, Université Laval, Quebec City G1V 0A6, Quebec, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Jang SY, Kim IB, Kim Y, Lim DH, Kang H, Heeney M, Kim DY. Facile direct C-H arylation polymerization of conjugated polymer, PDCBT, for organic solar cells. Macromol Rapid Commun 2022; 43:e2200405. [PMID: 35938972 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202200405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Revised: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Direct arylation polymerization (DArP) is a synthetic method for conjugated polymers; in DArP, organometallic functionalization steps are omitted and there are no toxic byproducts. As a result, it is considered a more sustainable alternative compared to conventional methods such as Stille polymerization. To explore the possibility of DArP-based polymers as donor materials in organic solar cells (OSCs), a series of conjugated polymers based on the structure of PDCBT are synthesized using DArP and Stille polymerization. By controlling the monomer concentration and reaction time in DArP, DArP-5 with the highest Mn (21.9 kDa) can be obtained and its optoelectronic properties, electrochemical properties, and microscopic molecular ordering are comparable to those of Stille-based PDCBT (Stille-P). Analysis of the polymer structure indicates no structural defects such as crosslinking from undesired β-coupling reactions in DArP-5. Upon blending with the PC71 BM acceptor molecule, an increase in the crystallite size of DArP-5 is also observed. In OSC devices with a polymer:PC71 BM bulk-heterojunction photoactive layer, DArP-5 demonstrates a comparable power conversion efficiency of 5.8% with that of Stille-P (5.5%). These results prove that DArP is suitable for synthesizing PDCBT, and DArP-based PDCBT can be used in OSCs as an alternative of Stille-based one. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Soo-Young Jang
- Research Institute for Solar and Sustainable Energies, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - In-Bok Kim
- Research Institute for Solar and Sustainable Energies, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Yunseul Kim
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae-Hee Lim
- Advanced Radiation Technology Institute (ARTI), Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute (KAERI), 29 Geumgu-gil, Jeongeup, 56212, Republic of Korea
| | - Hongkyu Kang
- Center for Research Innovation, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Martin Heeney
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Processable Electronics, Imperial College London, Molecular Sciences Research Hub, (White City Campus), 80 Wood Lane Shepherd's Bush, London, W12 0BZ, UK
| | - Dong-Yu Kim
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Research Institute for Solar and Sustainable Energies, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, 61005, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Amphiphilic PTB7-Based Rod-Coil Block Copolymer for Water-Processable Nanoparticles as an Active Layer for Sustainable Organic Photovoltaic: A Case Study. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14081588. [PMID: 35458337 PMCID: PMC9029162 DOI: 10.3390/polym14081588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Revised: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
We synthetized a new rod-coil block copolymer (BCP) based on the semiconducting polymerpoly({4,8-bis[(2-ethylhexyl)oxy]benzo[1,2-b:4,5-b′]dithiophene-2,6-diyl}{3-fluoro-2-[(2-ethylhexyl)carbonyl]thieno[3,4-b]thiophenediyl}) (PTB7) and poly-4-vinylpyridine (P4VP), tailored to produce water-processable nanoparticles (WPNPs) in blend with phenyl-C71-butyric acid methyl ester (PC71BM). The copolymer PTB7-b-P4VP was completely characterized by means of two-dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance (2D-NMR), matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-time of flight (MALDI-TOF) mass spectrometry (MS), size-exclusion chromatography (SEC), and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) to confirm the molecular structure. The WPNPs were prepared through an adapted miniemulsion approach without any surfactants. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) images reveal the nano-segregation of two active materials inside the WPNPs. The nanostructures appear spherical with a Janus-like inner morphology. PTB7 segregated to one side of the nanoparticle, while PC71BM segregated to the other side. This morphology was consistent with the value of the surface energy obtained for the two active materials PTB7-b-P4VP and PC71BM. The WPNPs obtained were deposited as an active layer of organic solar cells (OSCs). The films obtained were characterized by UV-Visible Spectroscopy (UV-vis), atomic force microscopy (AFM), and grazing incidence X-ray diffraction (GIXRD). J-V characteristics of the WPNP-based devices were measured by obtaining a power conversion efficiency of 0.85%. Noticeably, the efficiency of the WPNP-based devices was higher than that achieved for the devices fabricated with the PTB7-based BCP dissolved in chlorinated organic solvent.
Collapse
|
12
|
Ye L, Hooshmand T, Thompson BC. Recycling Heterogenous Catalysts for Multi-Batch Conjugated Polymer Synthesis via Direct Arylation Polymerization. ACS Macro Lett 2022; 11:78-83. [PMID: 35574785 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.1c00722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Despite the inherent sustainability direct arylation polymerization (DArP) offers through a C-H activation pathway, the use of expensive homogeneous Pd catalysts remains problematic for large-scale conjugated polymer (CP) synthesis. Herein, the first report on the recycling of heterogeneous catalysts for CP synthesis using DArP is presented. We found SiliaCat Pd-DPP to be a highly efficient and recyclable catalyst for multi-batch CP synthesis providing CPs with molecular weights (Mn) up to 82 kg/mol even after being recycled three times. Batch-to-batch variations were further optimized to afford up to five batches of polymers with a Mn of 25 ± 2.5 kg/mol without structural disparity. Significantly, this work discloses among the most sustainable CP synthesis protocols to date and presents the critical concept of catalyst-recycling to the important field of organic semiconducting polymers, which potentially enables access to truly low-cost flow chemistry for industrial-scale CP synthesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liwei Ye
- Department of Chemistry and Loker Hydrocarbon Research Institute, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089-1661, United States
| | - Tanin Hooshmand
- Department of Chemistry and Loker Hydrocarbon Research Institute, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089-1661, United States
| | - Barry C. Thompson
- Department of Chemistry and Loker Hydrocarbon Research Institute, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089-1661, United States
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Li Z, Shi Q, Ma X, Li Y, Wen K, Qin L, Chen H, Huang W, Zhang F, Lin Y, Marks TJ, Huang H. Efficient room temperature catalytic synthesis of alternating conjugated copolymers via C-S bond activation. Nat Commun 2022; 13:144. [PMID: 35013302 PMCID: PMC8748944 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-27832-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Structural defects in conjugated copolymers are severely detrimental to the optoelectronic properties and the performance of the resulting electronic devices fabricated from them. Therefore, the much-desired precision synthesis of conjugated copolymers with highly regular repeat units is important, but presents a significant challenge to synthetic materials chemists. To this end, aryl sulfides are naturally abundant substances and offer unrealized potential in cross-coupling reactions. Here we report an efficient room temperature polycondensation protocol which implements aryl disulfide C-S activation to produce defect-minimized semiconducting conjugated copolymers with broad scope and applicability. Thus, a broad series of arylstannanes and thioethers are employed via the present protocol to afford copolymers with number-average molecular weights (Mns) of 10.0–45.0 kDa. MALDI and NMR analysis of selected copolymers reveals minimal structural defects. Moreover, the polymer trap density here is smaller and the field effect mobility higher than that in the analogous polymer synthesized through thermal-activation Stille coupling. Structural defects in conjugated copolymers are severely detrimental to the optoelectronic properties. Here the authors show an efficient room temperature polycondensation protocol which implements aryl disulfide C-S activation to produce defect-minimized semiconducting conjugated copolymers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zijie Li
- College of Materials Science and Opto-Electronic Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China.,Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Qinqin Shi
- College of Materials Science and Opto-Electronic Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China. .,Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China.
| | - Xiaoying Ma
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Yawen Li
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Kaikai Wen
- College of Materials Science and Opto-Electronic Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Linqing Qin
- College of Materials Science and Opto-Electronic Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Hao Chen
- College of Materials Science and Opto-Electronic Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Wei Huang
- Department of Chemistry and the Materials Research Center, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Fengjiao Zhang
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Yuze Lin
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Tobin J Marks
- Department of Chemistry and the Materials Research Center, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA.
| | - Hui Huang
- College of Materials Science and Opto-Electronic Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China. .,Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China. .,CAS Center for Excellence in Topological Quantum Computation, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China. .,CAS Key Laboratory of Vacuum Physic, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Royakkers J, Guo K, Toolan DTW, Feng LW, Minotto A, Congrave DG, Danowska M, Zeng W, Bond AD, Al-Hashimi M, Marks TJ, Facchetti A, Cacialli F, Bronstein H. Molecular Encapsulation of Naphthalene Diimide (NDI) Based π-Conjugated Polymers: A Tool for Understanding Photoluminescence. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:25005-25012. [PMID: 34519412 PMCID: PMC9297952 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202110139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Revised: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Conjugated polymers are an important class of chromophores for optoelectronic devices. Understanding and controlling their excited state properties, in particular, radiative and non‐radiative recombination processes are among the greatest challenges that must be overcome. We report the synthesis and characterization of a molecularly encapsulated naphthalene diimide‐based polymer, one of the most successfully used motifs, and explore its structural and optical properties. The molecular encapsulation enables a detailed understanding of the effect of interpolymer interactions. We reveal that the non‐encapsulated analogue P(NDI‐2OD‐T) undergoes aggregation enhanced emission; an effect that is suppressed upon encapsulation due to an increasing π‐interchain stacking distance. This suggests that decreasing π‐stacking distances may be an attractive method to enhance the radiative properties of conjugated polymers in contrast to the current paradigm where it is viewed as a source of optical quenching.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jeroen Royakkers
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, UK
| | - Kunping Guo
- Department of Physics and Astronomy and LCN, University College London, Gower Street, London, WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Daniel T W Toolan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Sheffield, Brook Hill, Sheffield, S3 7HF, UK
| | - Liang-Wen Feng
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan road, Evanston, IL, 60208-3113, USA
| | - Alessandro Minotto
- Department of Physics and Astronomy and LCN, University College London, Gower Street, London, WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Daniel G Congrave
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, UK
| | - Magda Danowska
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, UK
| | - Weixuan Zeng
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, UK
| | - Andrew D Bond
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, UK
| | - Mohammed Al-Hashimi
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University at Qatar, P.O. Box 23874, Doha, Qatar
| | - Tobin J Marks
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan road, Evanston, IL, 60208-3113, USA
| | - Antonio Facchetti
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan road, Evanston, IL, 60208-3113, USA
| | - Franco Cacialli
- Department of Physics and Astronomy and LCN, University College London, Gower Street, London, WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Hugo Bronstein
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, UK.,Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB3 0HE, UK
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Royakkers J, Guo K, Toolan DTW, Feng L, Minotto A, Congrave DG, Danowska M, Zeng W, Bond AD, Al‐Hashimi M, Marks TJ, Facchetti A, Cacialli F, Bronstein H. Molecular Encapsulation of Naphthalene Diimide (NDI) Based π‐Conjugated Polymers: A Tool for Understanding Photoluminescence. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202110139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jeroen Royakkers
- Department of Chemistry University of Cambridge Lensfield Road Cambridge CB2 1EW UK
| | - Kunping Guo
- Department of Physics and Astronomy and LCN University College London Gower Street London WC1E 6BT UK
| | - Daniel T. W. Toolan
- Department of Chemistry University of Sheffield Brook Hill Sheffield S3 7HF UK
| | - Liang‐Wen Feng
- Department of Chemistry Northwestern University 2145 Sheridan road Evanston IL 60208-3113 USA
| | - Alessandro Minotto
- Department of Physics and Astronomy and LCN University College London Gower Street London WC1E 6BT UK
| | - Daniel G. Congrave
- Department of Chemistry University of Cambridge Lensfield Road Cambridge CB2 1EW UK
| | - Magda Danowska
- Department of Chemistry University of Cambridge Lensfield Road Cambridge CB2 1EW UK
| | - Weixuan Zeng
- Department of Chemistry University of Cambridge Lensfield Road Cambridge CB2 1EW UK
| | - Andrew D. Bond
- Department of Chemistry University of Cambridge Lensfield Road Cambridge CB2 1EW UK
| | - Mohammed Al‐Hashimi
- Department of Chemistry Texas A&M University at Qatar P.O. Box 23874 Doha Qatar
| | - Tobin J. Marks
- Department of Chemistry Northwestern University 2145 Sheridan road Evanston IL 60208-3113 USA
| | - Antonio Facchetti
- Department of Chemistry Northwestern University 2145 Sheridan road Evanston IL 60208-3113 USA
| | - Franco Cacialli
- Department of Physics and Astronomy and LCN University College London Gower Street London WC1E 6BT UK
| | - Hugo Bronstein
- Department of Chemistry University of Cambridge Lensfield Road Cambridge CB2 1EW UK
- Cavendish Laboratory University of Cambridge Cambridge CB3 0HE UK
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Chu B, Wu X, Fu Z, Wu W, Wang B, Zhu J. Rhodium-Catalyzed Redox-Neutral Cross-Dehydrogenative Alkenylation of Arylhydrazines for Polymer Synthesis. Macromolecules 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.1c01664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Benfa Chu
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Xuan Wu
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Ziwen Fu
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Weiping Wu
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Bin Wang
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Jin Zhu
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Ye L, Thompson BC. Improving the efficiency and sustainability of catalysts for direct arylation polymerization (DArP). JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/pol.20210524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Liwei Ye
- Department of Chemistry and Loker Hydrocarbon Research Institute University of Southern California Los Angeles California USA
| | - Barry C. Thompson
- Department of Chemistry and Loker Hydrocarbon Research Institute University of Southern California Los Angeles California USA
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Doba T, Ilies L, Sato W, Shang R, Nakamura E. Iron-catalysed regioselective thienyl C–H/C–H coupling. Nat Catal 2021. [DOI: 10.1038/s41929-021-00653-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
|
19
|
Iwamori R, Sato R, Kuwabara J, Yasuda T, Kanbara T. Synthesis of Pyrrole-Based Poly(arylenevinylene)s via Co-Catalyzed Hydroarylation of Alkynes. Macromol Rapid Commun 2021; 42:e2100283. [PMID: 34142404 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202100283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Revised: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Polyaddition via the Co-catalyzed hydroarylation of 1-(2-pyrimidinyl)pyrrole with aromatic diynes affords poly(arylenevinylene)s under mild conditions. This reaction avoids production of stoichiometric amounts of by-products. Although structural analysis of the obtained polymers reveals the presence of 1,1-vinylidene unit, switching the counter anion of the Co catalyst and steric hindrance of the diyne monomers improves the regioselectivity of the polymers. When a catalyst with bulky counter anions is used for the reaction of less hindered diyne monomers, 1,2-vinylene linkages are formed dominantly over 1,1-vinylidene linkages (93:7). The effect of the regioselectivity of the polymer on the optical and semiconducting properties is also evaluated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ryota Iwamori
- Tsukuba Research Center for Energy Materials Science (TREMS), Graduate School of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8573, Japan
| | - Ryota Sato
- Tsukuba Research Center for Energy Materials Science (TREMS), Graduate School of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8573, Japan
| | - Junpei Kuwabara
- Tsukuba Research Center for Energy Materials Science (TREMS), Graduate School of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8573, Japan
| | - Takeshi Yasuda
- Research Center for Functional Materials, National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), 1-2-1 Sengen, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-0047, Japan
| | - Takaki Kanbara
- Tsukuba Research Center for Energy Materials Science (TREMS), Graduate School of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8573, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Huang Y, Elder DL, Kwiram AL, Jenekhe SA, Jen AKY, Dalton LR, Luscombe CK. Organic Semiconductors at the University of Washington: Advancements in Materials Design and Synthesis and toward Industrial Scale Production. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2021; 33:e1904239. [PMID: 31576634 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201904239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2019] [Revised: 09/07/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Research at the University of Washington regarding organic semiconductors is reviewed, covering four major topics: electro-optics, organic light emitting diodes, organic field-effect transistors, and organic solar cells. Underlying principles of materials design are demonstrated along with efforts toward unlocking the full potential of organic semiconductors. Finally, opinions on future research directions are presented, with a focus on commercial competency, environmental sustainability, and scalability of organic-semiconductor-based devices.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yunping Huang
- Materials Science and Engineering Department, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Delwin L Elder
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Alvin L Kwiram
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Samson A Jenekhe
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Alex K Y Jen
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Larry R Dalton
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Christine K Luscombe
- Materials Science and Engineering Department, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Lin K, Yin Q, Wang Z, Xie B, Duan C, Huang F, Cao Y. Direct arylation polycondensation towards water/alcohol-soluble conjugated polymers as the electron transporting layers for organic solar cells. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 57:5798-5801. [PMID: 33999064 DOI: 10.1039/d1cc01128f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Two water/alcohol soluble conjugated polymers (WSCPs), based on naphthalenediimide and amino-functionalized 3,4-(propylenedioxy)thiophene, were synthesized via direct arylation polycondensation (DArP). The polymers worked well as electron transporting layers (ETLs) for fullerene-based and fullerene-free organic solar cells (OSCs), presenting an enhancement by above 40% compared to the control devices, respectively. The doping properties and high electron mobilities of these WSCPs endow them with high performance. The research study developed an effective method to synthesize ETLs for highly efficient OSCs, which was rarely reported.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kaiwen Lin
- Department of Materials and Food, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China Zhongshan Institute, Zhongshan, 528402, P. R. China. and Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, P. R. China.
| | - Qingwu Yin
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, P. R. China.
| | - Zhenfeng Wang
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, P. R. China.
| | - Boming Xie
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, P. R. China.
| | - Chunhui Duan
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, P. R. China. and Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Fei Huang
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, P. R. China.
| | - Yong Cao
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, P. R. China.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Conelli D, Margiotta N, Grisorio R, Suranna GP. Implementation of Sustainable Solvents in Green Polymerization Approaches. MACROMOL CHEM PHYS 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/macp.202000382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Daniele Conelli
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria Civile Ambientale del Territorio Edile e di Chimica (DICATECh) Politecnico di Bari Via Orabona 4 Bari 70125 Italy
| | - Nicola Margiotta
- Dipartimento di Chimica Università degli Studi di Bari Aldo Moro Via Orabona 4 Bari 70126 Italy
| | - Roberto Grisorio
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria Civile Ambientale del Territorio Edile e di Chimica (DICATECh) Politecnico di Bari Via Orabona 4 Bari 70125 Italy
| | - Gian Paolo Suranna
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria Civile Ambientale del Territorio Edile e di Chimica (DICATECh) Politecnico di Bari Via Orabona 4 Bari 70125 Italy
- CNR NANOTEC − Istituto di Nanotecnologia Via Monteroni Lecce 73100 Italy
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Kuwabara J, Kanbara T. Step-Economical Synthesis of Conjugated Polymer Materials Composed of Three Components: Donor, Acceptor, and π Units. Macromol Rapid Commun 2020; 42:e2000493. [PMID: 33225550 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202000493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2020] [Revised: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Conjugated polymers have immense potential for their use as semiconducting materials in organic optoelectronic devices. The improvement of synthetic methods for conjugated polymers is important for the practical application of conjugated polymers. For mass production, synthetic methods must be developed by considering the concerns regarding cost and environment. Reduction in the number of synthetic steps is an efficient approach to address these concerns. The utilization of direct CH functionalization is a reasonable strategy in monomer and polymer syntheses, because the prefunctionalization steps for CC bond formation can be eliminated. This review summarizes the recent developments in the efficient syntheses of conjugated polymers as well as their monomers via direct arylation (CH/CX coupling) and cross-dehydrogenative coupling (CH/CH coupling) reactions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Junpei Kuwabara
- Tsukuba Research Center for Energy Materials Science (TREMS), Graduate School of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8573, Japan
| | - Takaki Kanbara
- Tsukuba Research Center for Energy Materials Science (TREMS), Graduate School of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8573, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Sui Y, Shi Y, Deng Y, Li R, Bai J, Wang Z, Dang Y, Han Y, Kirby N, Ye L, Geng Y. Direct Arylation Polycondensation of Chlorinated Thiophene Derivatives to High-Mobility Conjugated Polymers. Macromolecules 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.0c02206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ying Sui
- School of Materials Science and Engineering and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Yibo Shi
- School of Materials Science and Engineering and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Yunfeng Deng
- School of Materials Science and Engineering and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Riqing Li
- School of Science and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Junhua Bai
- School of Materials Science and Engineering and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Zhongli Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Yanfeng Dang
- School of Science and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Yang Han
- School of Materials Science and Engineering and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Nigel Kirby
- Australian Synchrotron, Clayton, Victoria 3168, Australia
| | - Long Ye
- School of Materials Science and Engineering and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Yanhou Geng
- School of Materials Science and Engineering and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
- Joint School of National University of Singapore and Tianjin University, International Campus of Tianjin University, Binhai New City, Fuzhou 350207, China
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Ye L, Schmitt A, Pankow RM, Thompson BC. An Efficient Precatalyst Approach for the Synthesis of Thiazole-Containing Conjugated Polymers via Cu-Catalyzed Direct Arylation Polymerization (Cu-DArP). ACS Macro Lett 2020; 9:1446-1451. [PMID: 35653661 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.0c00626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Over the past decade, direct arylation polymerization (DArP) has emerged as a facile and sustainable methodology for the synthesis of conjugated polymers. Recently, we developed Cu-catalyzed DArP (Cu-DArP) as a low-cost, Pd-free synthetic pathway, which enables conjugated polymers to be synthesized with high molecular weights and minimization of defects. However, the lack of study on the use of Cu-precatalysts in small-molecule direct arylation poses significant limitations for Cu-DArP to potentially overtake conventional Pd-catalyzed methodology, such as the low solubility and stability of the previously employed CuI. Therefore, in this report, we decide to explore the utility of a well-defined, easy-to-prepare, highly soluble, and stable precatalyst, Cu(phen)(PPh3)Br, as an alternative to the CuI, 1,10-phenanthroline catalytic system previously used for Cu-DArP. Herein, we report a drastic improvement of Cu-DArP methodology for the synthesis of 5,5'-bithiazole (5-BTz)-based conjugated polymers enabled by an efficient precatalyst approach, affording polymers with good Mn (up to 16.5 kDa) and excellent yields (up to 79%). 1H NMR studies reveal the exclusion of homocoupling defects, which further verifies the excellent stability of Cu(phen)(PPh3)Br compared to CuI. Furthermore, we were able to decrease the catalyst loading from 15 mol % to only 5 mol % (Mn of 11.8 kDa, 64% yield), which is unprecedented when aryl bromides are employed for Cu-DArP. Significantly, 5-BTz was shown to be inactive under various of Pd-DArP conditions, which demonstrates the high compatibility of Cu-DArP as the only pathway for the C-H activation of the 5-BTz unit and a clear case demonstrating an advantage of Cu-DArP relative to Pd-DArP.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liwei Ye
- Department of Chemistry and Loker Hydrocarbon Research Institute, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089-1661, United States
| | - Alexander Schmitt
- Department of Chemistry and Loker Hydrocarbon Research Institute, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089-1661, United States
| | - Robert M. Pankow
- Department of Chemistry and Loker Hydrocarbon Research Institute, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089-1661, United States
| | - Barry C. Thompson
- Department of Chemistry and Loker Hydrocarbon Research Institute, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089-1661, United States
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Pankow RM, Thompson BC. The development of conjugated polymers as the cornerstone of organic electronics. POLYMER 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2020.122874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
|
27
|
Jones AL, De Keersmaecker M, Pelse I, Reynolds JR. Curious Case of BiEDOT: MALDI-TOF Mass Spectrometry Reveals Unbalanced Monomer Incorporation with Direct (Hetero)arylation Polymerization. Macromolecules 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.0c01093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Austin L. Jones
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Center for Organic Photonics and Electronics, and Georgia Tech Polymer Network, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Michel De Keersmaecker
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Center for Organic Photonics and Electronics, and Georgia Tech Polymer Network, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Ian Pelse
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Center for Organic Photonics and Electronics, and Georgia Tech Polymer Network, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - John R. Reynolds
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Center for Organic Photonics and Electronics, and Georgia Tech Polymer Network, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Zhu W, Spencer AP, Mukherjee S, Alzola JM, Sangwan VK, Amsterdam SH, Swick SM, Jones LO, Heiber MC, Herzing AA, Li G, Stern CL, DeLongchamp DM, Kohlstedt KL, Hersam MC, Schatz GC, Wasielewski MR, Chen LX, Facchetti A, Marks TJ. Crystallography, Morphology, Electronic Structure, and Transport in Non-Fullerene/Non-Indacenodithienothiophene Polymer:Y6 Solar Cells. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:14532-14547. [PMID: 32698577 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c05560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Emerging nonfullerene acceptors (NFAs) with crystalline domains enable high-performance bulk heterojunction (BHJ) solar cells. Thermal annealing is known to enhance the BHJ photoactive layer morphology and performance. However, the microscopic mechanism of annealing-induced performance enhancement is poorly understood in emerging NFAs, especially regarding competing factors. Here, optimized thermal annealing of model system PBDB-TF:Y6 (Y6 = 2,2'-((2Z,2'Z)-((12,13-bis(2-ethylhexyl)-3,9-diundecyl-12,13-dihydro-[1,2,5]thiadiazolo[3,4-e]thieno[2″,3'':4',5']thieno[2',3':4,5]pyrrolo[3,2-g]thieno[2',3':4,5]-thieno[3,2-b]indole-2,10-diyl)bis(methanylylidene))bis(5,6-difluoro-3-oxo-2,3-dihydro-1H-indene-2,1-diylidene))dimalononitrile) decreases the open circuit voltage (VOC) but increases the short circuit current (JSC) and fill factor (FF) such that the resulting power conversion efficiency (PCE) increases from 14 to 15% in the ambient environment. Here we systematically investigate these thermal annealing effects through in-depth characterizations of carrier mobility, film morphology, charge photogeneration, and recombination using SCLC, GIXRD, AFM, XPS, NEXAFS, R-SoXS, TEM, STEM, fs/ns TA spectroscopy, 2DES, and impedance spectroscopy. Surprisingly, thermal annealing does not alter the film crystallinity, R-SoXS characteristic size scale, relative average phase purity, or TEM-imaged phase separation but rather facilitates Y6 migration to the BHJ film top surface, changes the PBDB-TF/Y6 vertical phase separation and intermixing, and reduces the bottom surface roughness. While these morphology changes increase bimolecular recombination (BR) and lower the free charge (FC) yield, they also increase the average electron and hole mobility by at least 2-fold. Importantly, the increased μh dominates and underlies the increased FF and PCE. Single-crystal X-ray diffraction reveals that Y6 molecules cofacially pack via their end groups/cores, with the shortest π-π distance as close as 3.34 Å, clarifying out-of-plane π-face-on molecular orientation in the nanocrystalline BHJ domains. DFT analysis of Y6 crystals reveals hole/electron reorganization energies of as low as 160/150 meV, large intermolecular electronic coupling integrals of 12.1-37.9 meV rationalizing the 3D electron transport, and relatively high μe of 10-4 cm2 V-1 s-1. Taken together, this work clarifies the richness of thermal annealing effects in high-efficiency NFA solar cells and tasks for future materials design.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Subhrangsu Mukherjee
- Material Measurement Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Michael C Heiber
- Material Measurement Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
| | - Andrew A Herzing
- Material Measurement Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
| | | | | | - Dean M DeLongchamp
- Material Measurement Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
| | | | | | | | | | - Lin X Chen
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Antonio Facchetti
- Flexterra Corporation, 8025 Lamon Avenue, Skokie, Illinois 60077, United States
| | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Conelli D, Grisorio R, Suranna GP. Optimization of the Reaction Conditions for Direct Arylation Polymerizations in a Sustainable Solvent. MACROMOL CHEM PHYS 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/macp.202000041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Daniele Conelli
- Edile e di Chimica (DICATECh)Politecnico di Bari Via Orabona 4 Bari 70125 Italy
| | - Roberto Grisorio
- Edile e di Chimica (DICATECh)Politecnico di Bari Via Orabona 4 Bari 70125 Italy
| | - Gian Paolo Suranna
- Edile e di Chimica (DICATECh)Politecnico di Bari Via Orabona 4 Bari 70125 Italy
- CNR NANOTEC − Istituto di Nanotecnologia Via Monteroni Lecce 73100 Italy
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Rangel M, Güizado-Rodríguez M, Maldonado JL, Olayo-Valles R, Barba V, Reveles JU. Eco-friendly synthesis of regioregular poly(3-hexylthiophene) by direct arylation polymerization: Analysis of the properties that determine its performance in BHJ solar cells. POLYMER 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2020.122348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
|
31
|
Keller T, Gahlmann T, Riedl T, Scherf U. Direct Arylation Polycondensation (DAP) Synthesis of Alternating Quaterthiophene-Benzothiadiazole Copolymers for Organic Solar Cell Applications. Chempluschem 2020; 84:1249-1252. [PMID: 31944056 DOI: 10.1002/cplu.201900260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2019] [Revised: 06/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Poly[(2,1,3-benzothiadiazole-4,7-diyl)-alt-4',3''-difluoro-3,3'''-di(2-octyldodecyl)-2,2';5',2'';5'',2'''-quaterthiophene-5,5'''-diyl)] (PBTff4T-2OD) and poly[(5,6-difluoro-2,1,3-benzothiadiazol-4,7-diyl)-alt-3,3'''-di(2-octyldodecyl)-2,2';5',2'';5'',2'''-quaterthiophene-5,5'''-diyl)] (PffBT4T-2OD) for use as the p-donor component of high-efficiency fullerene-based organic solar cells are usually synthesized in established C-C cross-coupling reactions, preferably using the Stille procedure. This report describes how PBTff4T-2OD and PffBT4T-2OD are generated in a direct arylation polycondensation (DAP) approach with molecular weights up to Mn =19.4 kDa and 21.1 kDa, respectively, and how structural defects in the copolymers (e. g., homocoupling defects) show a strong impact on the pre-aggregation behavior. The optimized reaction conditions allow for a distinct reduction of the amount of such defects in the resulting copolymers. When the Stille-type products are used in the active layer of organic solar cells (OCSs) together with fullerene acceptors, high power-conversion efficiencies (PCEs) in the range of 8.6-10.8 % have been reported. The high PCEs are particularly related to the pre-aggregation of the conjugated copolymers prior to film formation. Despite quite similar characterization data, non-optimized OCSs with the DAP polymers as replacement for the Stille products afforded a relatively low power-conversion efficiency of up to 2.4 %.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tina Keller
- Macromolecular Chemistry Group and Institute for Polymer Technology, Bergische Universität Wuppertal, Gaußstr. 20, 42119, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Tobias Gahlmann
- Institute of Electronic Devices, Bergische Universität Wuppertal, Rainer-Gruenter-Str. 21, 42199, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Thomas Riedl
- Institute of Electronic Devices, Bergische Universität Wuppertal, Rainer-Gruenter-Str. 21, 42199, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Ullrich Scherf
- Macromolecular Chemistry Group and Institute for Polymer Technology, Bergische Universität Wuppertal, Gaußstr. 20, 42119, Wuppertal, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Pankow RM, Thompson BC. Approaches for improving the sustainability of conjugated polymer synthesis using direct arylation polymerization (DArP). Polym Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/c9py01534e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Emerging strategies to enhance the sustainability of Direct Arylation Polymerization (DArP) are discussed, illustrating the great potential of this method.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Robert M. Pankow
- Department of Chemistry and Loker Hydrocarbon Research Institute
- University of Southern California
- Los Angeles
- USA
| | - Barry C. Thompson
- Department of Chemistry and Loker Hydrocarbon Research Institute
- University of Southern California
- Los Angeles
- USA
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Zhao C, Yang F, Xia D, Zhang Z, Zhang Y, Yan N, You S, Li W. Thieno[3,4-c]pyrrole-4,6-dione-based conjugated polymers for organic solar cells. Chem Commun (Camb) 2020; 56:10394-10408. [DOI: 10.1039/d0cc04150e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Thieno[3,4-c]pyrrole-4,6-dione (TPD) based conjugated polymers as an electron donor, acceptor and single-component for application in organic solar cells in the past ten years have been intensively reviewed in this Feature Article.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chaowei Zhao
- Institute of Applied Chemistry
- Jiangxi Academy of Sciences
- Nanchang 330096
- P. R. China
| | - Fan Yang
- College of Chemistry
- Chemical Engineering and Materials Science
- Collaborative Innovation Centre of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong
- Shandong Normal University
- Jinan 250014
| | - Dongdong Xia
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences
- CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing
- P. R. China
| | - Zhou Zhang
- Institute of Applied Chemistry
- Jiangxi Academy of Sciences
- Nanchang 330096
- P. R. China
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Science
| | - Yuefeng Zhang
- Institute of Applied Chemistry
- Jiangxi Academy of Sciences
- Nanchang 330096
- P. R. China
| | - Nanfu Yan
- Institute of Applied Chemistry
- Jiangxi Academy of Sciences
- Nanchang 330096
- P. R. China
| | - Shengyong You
- Institute of Applied Chemistry
- Jiangxi Academy of Sciences
- Nanchang 330096
- P. R. China
| | - Weiwei Li
- Institute of Applied Chemistry
- Jiangxi Academy of Sciences
- Nanchang 330096
- P. R. China
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering & State Key Laboratory of Organic–Inorganic Composites
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Wakioka M, Morita H, Ichihara N, Saito M, Osaka I, Ozawa F. Mixed-Ligand Approach to Palladium-Catalyzed Direct Arylation Polymerization: Synthesis of Donor–Acceptor Polymers Containing Unsubstituted Bithiophene Units. Macromolecules 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.9b02298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Masayuki Wakioka
- International Research Center for Elements Science (IRCELS), Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
| | - Hazuki Morita
- International Research Center for Elements Science (IRCELS), Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
| | - Nobuko Ichihara
- International Research Center for Elements Science (IRCELS), Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
| | - Masahiko Saito
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Hiroshima University, 1-4-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8527, Japan
| | - Itaru Osaka
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Hiroshima University, 1-4-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8527, Japan
| | - Fumiyuki Ozawa
- International Research Center for Elements Science (IRCELS), Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Ye L, Pankow RM, Horikawa M, Melenbrink EL, Liu K, Thompson BC. Green-Solvent-Processed Amide-Functionalized Conjugated Polymers Prepared via Direct Arylation Polymerization (DArP). Macromolecules 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.9b02014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Liwei Ye
- Department of Chemistry and Loker Hydrocarbon Research Institute, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089-1661, United States
| | - Robert M. Pankow
- Department of Chemistry and Loker Hydrocarbon Research Institute, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089-1661, United States
| | - Mami Horikawa
- Department of Chemistry and Loker Hydrocarbon Research Institute, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089-1661, United States
| | - Elizabeth L. Melenbrink
- Department of Chemistry and Loker Hydrocarbon Research Institute, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089-1661, United States
| | - Kangying Liu
- Department of Chemistry and Loker Hydrocarbon Research Institute, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089-1661, United States
| | - Barry C. Thompson
- Department of Chemistry and Loker Hydrocarbon Research Institute, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089-1661, United States
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Phan S, Luscombe CK. Recent Advances in the Green, Sustainable Synthesis of Semiconducting Polymers. TRENDS IN CHEMISTRY 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trechm.2019.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
|
37
|
|
38
|
Wen K, Xu X, Chen J, Lv L, Wu L, Hu Y, Wu X, Liu G, Peng A, Huang H. Triplet Tellurophene-Based Semiconducting Polymer Nanoparticles for Near-Infrared-Mediated Cancer Theranostics. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:17884-17893. [PMID: 30998309 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b05196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Semiconducting polymer (SP) nanoparticles (NPs) have recently emerged as one of the most promising agents for photoacoustic imaging (PAI)-guided photothermal/photodynamic therapy (PTT/PDT). Herein, a triplet tellurophene-based SP (PNDI-2T) was synthesized with efficient tin-free direct heteroarylation polycondensation. The PNDI-2T NPs display remarkable near-infrared absorption and low cytotoxicity. In addition, PNDI-2T NPs can generate abundant reactive oxygen species (ROS) since tellurophene facilitates the intersystem crossing to generate triplet excited states. Remarkably, PNDI-2T NPs present a high photothermal conversion efficiency (η = 45%) and a high ROS yield (ΦΔ = 38.7%) under 808 nm laser irradiation. Furthermore, we showed that PNDI-2T NPs could be excellent PAI-guided PTT/PDT agents for cancer theranostics. This study provides a new route to developing highly efficient and low cytotoxic agents for PAI-guided PTT/PDT.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kaikai Wen
- College of Materials Science and Opto-Electronic Technology & Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering & CAS Center for Excellence in Topological Quantum Computation & CAS Key Laboratory of Vacuum Physic , University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , P. R. China
| | - Xiaozhou Xu
- College of Materials Science and Opto-Electronic Technology & Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering & CAS Center for Excellence in Topological Quantum Computation & CAS Key Laboratory of Vacuum Physic , University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , P. R. China
| | - Jun Chen
- Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety , Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Lv
- College of Materials Science and Opto-Electronic Technology & Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering & CAS Center for Excellence in Topological Quantum Computation & CAS Key Laboratory of Vacuum Physic , University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , P. R. China
| | - Lifen Wu
- College of Materials Science and Opto-Electronic Technology & Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering & CAS Center for Excellence in Topological Quantum Computation & CAS Key Laboratory of Vacuum Physic , University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , P. R. China
| | - Yi Hu
- Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety , Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoxi Wu
- College of Materials Science and Opto-Electronic Technology & Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering & CAS Center for Excellence in Topological Quantum Computation & CAS Key Laboratory of Vacuum Physic , University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , P. R. China
| | | | - Aidong Peng
- College of Materials Science and Opto-Electronic Technology & Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering & CAS Center for Excellence in Topological Quantum Computation & CAS Key Laboratory of Vacuum Physic , University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , P. R. China
| | - Hui Huang
- College of Materials Science and Opto-Electronic Technology & Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering & CAS Center for Excellence in Topological Quantum Computation & CAS Key Laboratory of Vacuum Physic , University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
UEGAKI K, NAKABAYASHI K, YAMAMOTO SI, HAYASHI S, KOIZUMI T. Optoelectronic Properties of Alternating Copolymers Based on 3,4-Ethylenedioxythiophene and Various Dibromoarenes and Organic Solar Cells Prepared Thereof. KOBUNSHI RONBUNSHU 2019. [DOI: 10.1295/koron.2018-0060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kaoru UEGAKI
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Defense Academy
| | | | | | | | - Toshio KOIZUMI
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Defense Academy
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Ni Z, Wang H, Zhao Q, Zhang J, Wei Z, Dong H, Hu W. Ambipolar Conjugated Polymers with Ultrahigh Balanced Hole and Electron Mobility for Printed Organic Complementary Logic via a Two-Step CH Activation Strategy. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2019; 31:e1806010. [PMID: 30656763 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201806010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2018] [Revised: 11/13/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
High mobility ambipolar conjugated polymers are seriously absent regardless their great potential for flexible and printed plastic devices and circuits. Here, ambipolar polymers with ultrahigh balanced hole and electron mobility are developed via a two-step CH activation strategy. Diketopyrrolopyrrole-benzothiadiazole-diketopyrrolopyrrole (DBD) and its copolymers with thiophene/selenophene units (short as PDBD-T and PDBD-Se) are used as examples. PDBD-Se exhibits highly efficient ambipolar transport with hole and electron mobility up to 8.90 and 7.71 cm2 V-1 s-1 in flexible organic field-effect transistors, presenting a milestone for ambipolar copolymer screening. Based on this performance metrics and good solubility, PDBD-Se is investigated as inkjet-printable semiconductor ink for organic complementary logic circuits. Under ambient processing, maximum hole and electron mobilities reach 6.70 and 4.30 cm2 V-1 s-1 , respectively. Printed complementary inverter and NAND gates with transition voltages near VDD /2 are fabricated, providing an easy-handling, general material for printed electronics and logic.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhenjie Ni
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tianjin University, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin, 300072, P. R. China
| | - Hanlin Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Qiang Zhao
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Jianqi Zhang
- National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, P.R. China
| | - Zhixiang Wei
- National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, P.R. China
| | - Huanli Dong
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Wenping Hu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tianjin University, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin, 300072, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Wang G, Melkonyan FS, Facchetti A, Marks TJ. All‐Polymer Solar Cells: Recent Progress, Challenges, and Prospects. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:4129-4142. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201808976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 321] [Impact Index Per Article: 64.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gang Wang
- Department of Chemistry the Materials Research Center the Argonne-Northwestern Solar Energy Research Center Northwestern University 2145 Sheridan Road Evanston IL 60208 USA
| | - Ferdinand S. Melkonyan
- Department of Chemistry the Materials Research Center the Argonne-Northwestern Solar Energy Research Center Northwestern University 2145 Sheridan Road Evanston IL 60208 USA
| | - Antonio Facchetti
- Department of Chemistry the Materials Research Center the Argonne-Northwestern Solar Energy Research Center Northwestern University 2145 Sheridan Road Evanston IL 60208 USA
- Flexterra Corporation 8025 Lamon Avenue Skokie IL 60077 USA
| | - Tobin J. Marks
- Department of Chemistry the Materials Research Center the Argonne-Northwestern Solar Energy Research Center Northwestern University 2145 Sheridan Road Evanston IL 60208 USA
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Wang G, Melkonyan FS, Facchetti A, Marks TJ. Polymersolarzellen: Fortschritt, Herausforderungen und Perspektiven. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201808976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gang Wang
- Department of Chemistry the Materials Research Center the Argonne-Northwestern Solar Energy Research Center Northwestern University 2145 Sheridan Road Evanston IL 60208 USA
| | - Ferdinand S. Melkonyan
- Department of Chemistry the Materials Research Center the Argonne-Northwestern Solar Energy Research Center Northwestern University 2145 Sheridan Road Evanston IL 60208 USA
| | - Antonio Facchetti
- Department of Chemistry the Materials Research Center the Argonne-Northwestern Solar Energy Research Center Northwestern University 2145 Sheridan Road Evanston IL 60208 USA
- Flexterra Corporation 8025 Lamon Avenue Skokie IL 60077 USA
| | - Tobin J. Marks
- Department of Chemistry the Materials Research Center the Argonne-Northwestern Solar Energy Research Center Northwestern University 2145 Sheridan Road Evanston IL 60208 USA
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Mesopolymer synthesis by ligand-modulated direct arylation polycondensation towards n-type and ambipolar conjugated systems. Nat Chem 2019; 11:271-277. [PMID: 30692659 DOI: 10.1038/s41557-018-0200-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2018] [Accepted: 11/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Conjugated polymers are attractive components for plastic electronics, but their structural defects, low solubility and batch-to-batch variation-mainly in terms of molecular weight and dispersity-hinder practical applications. Here, we demonstrate that these issues can be circumvented by using conjugated mesopolymers, which have the advantages of both oligomers and polymers. A diketopyrrolopyrrole monomer and a benzothiadiazole derivative react through direct arylation polycondensation, promoted by sterically hindered adamantyl ligand coordinated palladium catalysts, to form mesopolymers. The reaction is facile, environmentally benign (it does not require tin or boron reagents) and occurs in high yields. The resulting mesopolymers have a strictly alternating donor-acceptor structure, without detectable homocoupling and β-arylation defects, and exhibit number-averaged molecular weights (Mn) between 1 and 10 kDa. They also show good solution processability and have significantly enhanced electron mobilities, which makes them n-type and ambipolar semiconductors, with advantages over their polymer counterparts.
Collapse
|
44
|
Huang Y, Luscombe CK. Towards Green Synthesis and Processing of Organic Solar Cells. CHEM REC 2019; 19:1039-1049. [DOI: 10.1002/tcr.201800145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2018] [Revised: 12/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yunping Huang
- Department of Material Science & Engineering University of Washington Seattle WA 98195
| | - Christine K. Luscombe
- Department of Material Science & Engineering University of Washington Seattle WA 98195
- Department of Chemistry University of Washington Seattle WA 98195
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Kuwabara J, Kanbara T. Facile Synthesis of π-Conjugated Polymers via Direct Arylation Polycondensation. BULLETIN OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN 2019. [DOI: 10.1246/bcsj.20180249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Junpei Kuwabara
- Tsukuba Research Center for Energy Materials Science (TREMS), Graduate School of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan
| | - Takaki Kanbara
- Tsukuba Research Center for Energy Materials Science (TREMS), Graduate School of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Kuwabara J, Tsuchida W, Guo S, Hu Z, Yasuda T, Kanbara T. Synthesis of conjugated polymers via direct C–H/C–Cl coupling reactions using a Pd/Cu binary catalytic system. Polym Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c9py00232d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Selective C–H/C–Br coupling and polycondensation with C–H/C–Cl coupling afforded conjugated polymers in a short synthetic step.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Junpei Kuwabara
- Tsukuba Research Center for Energy Materials Science (TREMS)
- Graduate School of Pure and Applied Sciences
- University of Tsukuba
- Tsukuba
- Japan
| | - Wataru Tsuchida
- Tsukuba Research Center for Energy Materials Science (TREMS)
- Graduate School of Pure and Applied Sciences
- University of Tsukuba
- Tsukuba
- Japan
| | - Shuyang Guo
- Tsukuba Research Center for Energy Materials Science (TREMS)
- Graduate School of Pure and Applied Sciences
- University of Tsukuba
- Tsukuba
- Japan
| | - Ziwei Hu
- Tsukuba Research Center for Energy Materials Science (TREMS)
- Graduate School of Pure and Applied Sciences
- University of Tsukuba
- Tsukuba
- Japan
| | - Takeshi Yasuda
- Research Center for Functional Materials
- National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS)
- Tsukuba
- Japan
| | - Takaki Kanbara
- Tsukuba Research Center for Energy Materials Science (TREMS)
- Graduate School of Pure and Applied Sciences
- University of Tsukuba
- Tsukuba
- Japan
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Ye L, Pankow RM, Schmitt A, Thompson BC. Synthesis of conjugated polymers using aryl-bromides via Cu-catalyzed direct arylation polymerization (Cu-DArP). Polym Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c9py01478k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The first report on direct arylation polymerization with copper catalysts and aryl-bromide monomers expands the sustainability and practicality of DArP.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liwei Ye
- Department of Chemistry and Loker Hydrocarbon Research Institute
- University of Southern California
- Los Angeles
- USA
| | - Robert M. Pankow
- Department of Chemistry and Loker Hydrocarbon Research Institute
- University of Southern California
- Los Angeles
- USA
| | - Alexander Schmitt
- Department of Chemistry and Loker Hydrocarbon Research Institute
- University of Southern California
- Los Angeles
- USA
| | - Barry C. Thompson
- Department of Chemistry and Loker Hydrocarbon Research Institute
- University of Southern California
- Los Angeles
- USA
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Hemavathi B, Kesavan AV, Chandrashekara G, Ramamurthy PC, Pai RK, Ahipa T, Geetha Balakrishna R. Polycondensation of thiophene-flanked cyanopyridine and carbazole via direct arylation polymerization for solar cell application. REACT FUNCT POLYM 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2018.09.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
|
49
|
Facchetti A. Across the Board: Antonio Facchetti. CHEMSUSCHEM 2018; 11:3829-3833. [PMID: 30362260 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.201802343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
In this series of articles, the board members of ChemSusChem discuss recent research articles that they consider of exceptional quality and importance for sustainability. This entry features Prof. Dr. Antonio Facchetti, who discusses the use of organic photovoltaic (OPV) devices as a source of renewable energy, and challenges that must be met for OPVs to serve as a viable fully sustainable technology for future energy production, taking into account the components used in such devices and their stability and durability.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Facchetti
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Aldrich TJ, Dudnik AS, Eastham ND, Manley EF, Chen LX, Chang RPH, Melkonyan FS, Facchetti A, Marks TJ. Suppressing Defect Formation Pathways in the Direct C–H Arylation Polymerization of Photovoltaic Copolymers. Macromolecules 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.8b02297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Lin X. Chen
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 South Cass Avenue, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
| | | | | | - Antonio Facchetti
- Flexterra Corporation, 8025 Lamon Avenue, Skokie, Illinois 60077, United States
| | | |
Collapse
|