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Isenmann E, Yuliandra T, Touvleliou K, Broekmann M, de la Torre X, Botrè F, Diel P, Parr MK. Quinoa as phytopharmaceutical? Urinary elimination of ecdysterone after consumption of quinoa alone and in combination with spinach. Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 2024; 357:e2300689. [PMID: 38400693 DOI: 10.1002/ardp.202300689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2023] [Revised: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
The phytosteroid ecdysterone is classified as an anabolic agent and has been included on the monitoring list of the World Anti-Doping Agency since 2020. Therefore, the consumption of food rich in ecdysterone, such as quinoa and spinach, is the focus of a lively debate. Thus, the urinary excretion of ecdysterone and its metabolites in humans was investigated following quinoa consumption alone and in combination with spinach. Eight participants (four male and four female) were included, and they ingested 368 ± 61 g cooked quinoa alone and in combination with 809 ± 115 g spinach after a washout. Post-administration urines were analyzed by LC-MS/MS. After intake of both preparations, ecdysterone and two metabolites were excreted in the urine. The maximum concentration of ecdysterone ranged from 0.44 to 5.5 µg/mL after quinoa and from 0.34 to 4.1 µg/mL after quinoa with spinach. The total urinary excreted amount as parent drug plus metabolites was 2.61 ± 1.1% following quinoa intake and 1.7 ± 0.9% in combination with spinach. Significant differences were found in the total urinary excreted amount of ecdysterone, 14-deoxy-ecdysterone, and 14-deoxy-poststerone. Only small portions of ecdysterone from quinoa and the combination with spinach were excreted in the urine, suggesting that both quinoa and spinach are poor sources of ecdysterone in terms of bioavailability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduard Isenmann
- Department for Molecular and Cellular Sports Medicine, Institute for Cardiovascular Research and Sports Medicine, German Sport University Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Department of Fitness and Health, IST University of Applied Sciences, Dusseldorf, Germany
| | - Tasha Yuliandra
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy, Freie Universitaet Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Konstantina Touvleliou
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy, Freie Universitaet Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Matthias Broekmann
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy, Freie Universitaet Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | | | - Francesco Botrè
- Laboratorio Antidoping FMSI, Rome, Italy
- REDs-Research and Expertise in Anti-Doping Sciences, ISSUL-Institute of Sport Sciences, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Patrick Diel
- Department for Molecular and Cellular Sports Medicine, Institute for Cardiovascular Research and Sports Medicine, German Sport University Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Maria Kristina Parr
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy, Freie Universitaet Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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Todorova V, Ivanova S, Chakarov D, Kraev K, Ivanov K. Ecdysterone and Turkesterone-Compounds with Prominent Potential in Sport and Healthy Nutrition. Nutrients 2024; 16:1382. [PMID: 38732627 PMCID: PMC11085066 DOI: 10.3390/nu16091382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2024] [Revised: 04/12/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
The naturally occurring compounds ecdysterone and turkesterone, which are present in plants, including Rhaponticum carthamoides Willd. (Iljin), Spinacia oleracea L., Chenopodium quinoa Willd., and Ajuga turkestanica (Regel) Briq, are widely recognized due to their possible advantages for both general health and athletic performance. The current review investigates the beneficial biological effects of ecdysterone and turkesterone in nutrition, highlighting their roles not only in enhancing athletic performance but also in the management of various health problems. Plant-based diets, associated with various health benefits and environmental sustainability, often include sources rich in phytoecdysteroids. However, the therapeutic potential of phytoecdysteroid-rich extracts extends beyond sports nutrition, with promising applications in treating chronic fatigue, cardiovascular diseases, and neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Velislava Todorova
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University-Plovdiv, 4002 Plovdiv, Bulgaria
- Research Institute, Medical University-Plovdiv, 4002 Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Stanislava Ivanova
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University-Plovdiv, 4002 Plovdiv, Bulgaria
- Research Institute, Medical University-Plovdiv, 4002 Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Dzhevdet Chakarov
- Department of Propedeutics of Surgical Diseases, Section of General Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University-Plovdiv, 4002 Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Krasimir Kraev
- Department of Propedeutics of Internal Diseases, Medical Faculty, Medical University-Plovdiv, 4002 Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Kalin Ivanov
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University-Plovdiv, 4002 Plovdiv, Bulgaria
- Research Institute, Medical University-Plovdiv, 4002 Plovdiv, Bulgaria
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Zhu X, Yang G, Shen Y, Niu L, Peng Y, Chen H, Li H, Yang X. Physicochemical Properties and Biological Activities of Quinoa Polysaccharides. Molecules 2024; 29:1576. [PMID: 38611855 PMCID: PMC11013414 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29071576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Revised: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Quinoa, known as the "golden grain" for its high nutritional value, has polysaccharides as one of its sources of important nutrients. However, the biological functions of quinoa polysaccharides remain understudied. In this study, two crude polysaccharide extracts of quinoa (Q-40 and Q-60) were obtained through sequential precipitation with 40% and 60% ethanol, with purities of 58.29% (HPLC) and 62.15% (HPLC) and a protein content of 8.27% and 9.60%, respectively. Monosaccharide analysis revealed that Q-40 contained glucose (Glc), galacturonic acid (GalA), and arabinose (Ara) in a molar ratio of 0.967:0.027:0.006. Q-60 was composed of xylose (xyl), arabinose (Ara), galactose, and galacturonic acid (GalA) with a molar ratio of 0.889:0.036:0.034:0.020. The average molecular weight of Q-40 ranged from 47,484 to 626,488 Da, while Q-60 showed a range of 10,025 to 47,990 Da. Rheological experiments showed that Q-40 exhibited higher viscosity, while Q-60 demonstrated more elastic properties. Remarkably, Q-60 showed potent antioxidant abilities, with scavenging rates of 98.49% for DPPH and 57.5% for ABTS. Antibacterial experiments using the microdilution method revealed that Q-40 inhibited the growth of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and Escherichia coli (E. coli), while Q-60 specifically inhibited MRSA. At lower concentrations, both polysaccharides inhibited MDA (MD Anderson Cancer Center) cell proliferation, but at higher concentrations, they promoted proliferation. Similar proliferation-promoting effects were observed in HepG2 cells. The research provides important information in the application of quinoa in the food and functional food industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xucheng Zhu
- School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China; (X.Z.); (Y.S.); (L.N.); (Y.P.); (H.C.)
| | - Guiyan Yang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China;
| | - Yingbin Shen
- School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China; (X.Z.); (Y.S.); (L.N.); (Y.P.); (H.C.)
| | - Liqiong Niu
- School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China; (X.Z.); (Y.S.); (L.N.); (Y.P.); (H.C.)
| | - Yao Peng
- School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China; (X.Z.); (Y.S.); (L.N.); (Y.P.); (H.C.)
| | - Haiting Chen
- School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China; (X.Z.); (Y.S.); (L.N.); (Y.P.); (H.C.)
| | - Haimei Li
- School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China; (X.Z.); (Y.S.); (L.N.); (Y.P.); (H.C.)
| | - Xinquan Yang
- School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China; (X.Z.); (Y.S.); (L.N.); (Y.P.); (H.C.)
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Tatapudi KK, Bandi S, Nagendla NK, Solipeta DR, Mudiam MKR, Katragadda SB. Chemical profiling and simultaneous quantification of major bioactive constituents from Cocculus hirsutus by UPLC-QqQ-MS. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2023; 235:115675. [PMID: 37633166 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2023.115675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Revised: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/28/2023]
Abstract
Cocculus hirsutus is a widely used herb in traditional systems of medicine for the treatment of various diseases. In the present study, five alkaloids (1-5), two flavonoids (6-7), one triterpenoid (8), and three steroids (9-10) were isolated from the roots of Cocculus hirsutus and further crude extract was analyzed by LC-Q-Tof-MS/MS in positive ionization mode leading to the identification of ten metabolites through comparison of exact molecular masses from their MS/MS spectra, mass fragmentation studies and with literature data. In addition, a method was developed and validated for the quantification of four bio-active compounds [Sinococuline (1), Magnoflorine (2), (E)-N-feruloyltyramine (3), and 20-Hydroxyecdysone (10)] using UPLC-QqQ-MS in multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) mode for the first time. The method has shown good linearity with correlation coefficients (r2) higher than 0.9916 for all four compounds. The intra- and inter-day precision were in the range of 0.3-6.1% and from 0.7% to 8.8%, respectively. The matrix effects of all the four analytes were found in the range of 94.7 ± 2.8-112.7 ± 3.7%. Overall, our study provides a reliable and rapid approach by hyphenated LC-MS/MS using high-resolution mass spectrometers for identification and quantification of bioactive constituents from the root extracts of Cocculus hirsutus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiran Kumar Tatapudi
- Department of Natural Products & Medicinal Chemistry, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Uppal Road, Tarnaka, Hyderabad 500 007, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Siva Bandi
- Department of Natural Products & Medicinal Chemistry, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Uppal Road, Tarnaka, Hyderabad 500 007, India.
| | - Narendra Kumar Nagendla
- Department of Analytical and Structural Chemistry, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Uppal Road, Tarnaka, Hyderabad 500 007, India
| | - Divya Reddy Solipeta
- Department of Natural Products & Medicinal Chemistry, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Uppal Road, Tarnaka, Hyderabad 500 007, India
| | - Mohana Krishna Reddy Mudiam
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India; Department of Analytical and Structural Chemistry, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Uppal Road, Tarnaka, Hyderabad 500 007, India
| | - Suresh Babu Katragadda
- Department of Natural Products & Medicinal Chemistry, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Uppal Road, Tarnaka, Hyderabad 500 007, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India.
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Kakumu Y, Thi Nguyen MT, Mitsunaga T, Hattori H. Identification of Ecdysteroid Sinapate Esters with COX-2 Inhibitory Effects from Fibraurea recisa Using Molecular Networking and MS2LDA. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2023; 86:1960-1967. [PMID: 37530540 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.3c00371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/03/2023]
Abstract
The roots of Fibraurea recisa are recognized as a rich source of protoberberine and aporphine alkaloids, but the non-alkaloidal metabolites in this plant are underexplored. The present study investigated the chemical composition of the plant roots using untargeted metabolomics-based molecular networking and MS2LDA motif annotation, revealing the presence of a characteristic fragment motif related to several sinapoyl-functionalized metabolites. Guided by the targeted motif, two new sinapic acid-ecdysteroid hybrids, named 3-O-sinapoyl makisterone A (1) and 2-O-sinapoyl makisterone A (2), were isolated. The structures of these compounds, including their absolute configuration, were elucidated by HR-ESIQTOFMS, MS2 fragmentation, NMR spectroscopy, and chemical degradation coupled with optical rotation measurements. Although neither compound inhibited nitric oxide (NO) production or inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) protein expression on lipopolysaccharide-induced RAW 264 cells, 2 significantly suppressed cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2) protein expression at 1-30 μM. Additionally, decreased expression of COX-2 protein was barely observed after treatment with methyl sinapate or makisterone A, the steroid skeleton of 1 and 2. These results indicated that the presence of the sinapoyl moiety at C-2 on the C28-ecdysteroid skeleton played a key role in the selectivity for the suppression of the COX-2 protein expression.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Minh Tu Thi Nguyen
- School of Biotechnology and Food Technology, Hanoi University of Science and Technology, 1 Dai Co Viet Road, Hanoi 11615, Vietnam
- New Industry Creation Hatchery Center (NICHe), Tohoku University, 6-6-10 Aramaki Aza-Aoba, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8579, Japan
| | | | - Hiroyuki Hattori
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, 468-1 Aramaki Aza Aoba, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8572, Japan
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Huang ZH, Liang X, Gu Q, Ma X, Qi SH. Punicesterones A-G, polyhydroxylated mycoecdysteroids from the deep-sea-derived fungus Aspergillus puniceus SCSIO z021. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2023; 205:113511. [PMID: 36372238 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2022.113511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Revised: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Seven undescribed polyhydroxylated mycoecdysteroids, punicesterones A-G, along with two known analogues, were isolated from the deep-sea-derived fungal strain Aspergillus puniceus SCSIO z021 (Trichocomaceae). Their structures with absolute configurations were elucidated by a combination of extensive NMR spectroscopic analysis, HRESIMS data, and single-crystal X-ray diffraction experiments. Punicesterone An unexpectedly possessed a nicotinoyl unit substituted at C-22 of a typical ecdysteroid skeleton. All of the isolated compounds were evaluated for their anti-inflammatory, lipid-lowering, and antibacterial activities. Punicesterones B and C showed the activity of reducing triglyceride in 3T3-L1 adipocytes in a dosage-dependent manner, and also exhibited antibacterial activity against five pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhong-Hui Huang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Marine Materia Medica, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, China
| | - Xiao Liang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Marine Materia Medica, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, China
| | - Qiong Gu
- Research Center for Drug Discovery, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Xuan Ma
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Marine Materia Medica, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, China
| | - Shu-Hua Qi
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Marine Materia Medica, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, China; Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Guangzhou 511458, China.
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7
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He X, Wang B, Zhao B, Yang F. Ultrasonic Assisted Extraction of Quinoa ( Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) Protein and Effect of Heat Treatment on Its In Vitro Digestion Characteristics. Foods 2022; 11:foods11050771. [PMID: 35267403 PMCID: PMC8909454 DOI: 10.3390/foods11050771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Revised: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
To extract and utilise the protein in quinoa efficiently, we investigated the effect of rate of quinoa protein isolate (QPI) extraction by ultrasound-assisted alkaline extraction and traditional alkaline extraction methods using single-factor experiments and Box-Behnken design. The effect of different heat treatment temperature and time on QPI functional properties and in vitro digestion characteristics were also investigated. The results showed that the optimal conditions of ultrasound- assisted alkaline extraction process were: ultrasonic time 99 min, solid-liquid ratio 1:20 w:v, ultrasonic temperature 47 °C, and pH 10, and its extraction rate and purity were 74.67 ± 1.08% and 87.17 ± 0.58%, respectively. It was 10.18% and 5.49% higher than that of the alkali-soluble acid precipitation method, respectively. The isoelectric point (pI) of QPI obtained by this method was 4.5. The flexibility and turbidity of QPI had maximum values at 90 °C, 30 min, and 121 °C, 30 min, which were 0.42 and 0.94, respectively. In addition, heat treatment changed the 1.77–2.79 ppm protein characteristic region in QPI’s nuclear magnetic resonance hydrogen spectroscopy (1H NMR). After heating at 90 °C and 121 °C for 30 min, the hydrolysis degree and total amino acid content at the end of digestion (121 °C, 30 min) were significantly lower than those of untreated QPI by 20.64% and 27.85%. Our study provides basic data for the efficient extraction and utilisation of QPI.
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Otterbach SL, Khoury H, Rupasinghe T, Mendis H, Kwan KH, Lui V, Natera SHA, Klaiber I, Allen NM, Jarvis DE, Tester M, Roessner U, Schmöckel SM. Characterization of epidermal bladder cells in Chenopodium quinoa. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2021; 44:3606-3622. [PMID: 34510479 DOI: 10.1111/pce.14181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Revised: 08/01/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Chenopodium quinoa (quinoa) is considered a superfood with its favourable nutrient composition and being gluten free. Quinoa has high tolerance to abiotic stresses, such as salinity, water deficit (drought) and cold. The tolerance mechanisms are yet to be elucidated. Quinoa has epidermal bladder cells (EBCs) that densely cover the shoot surface, particularly the younger parts of the plant. Here, we report on the EBC's primary and secondary metabolomes, as well as the lipidome in control conditions and in response to abiotic stresses. EBCs were isolated from plants after cold, heat, high-light, water deficit and salt treatments. We used untargeted gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) to analyse metabolites and untargeted and targeted liquid chromatography-MS (LC-MS) for lipids and secondary metabolite analyses. We identified 64 primary metabolites, including sugars, organic acids and amino acids, 19 secondary metabolites, including phenolic compounds, betanin and saponins and 240 lipids categorized in five groups including glycerolipids and phospholipids. We found only few changes in the metabolic composition of EBCs in response to abiotic stresses; these were metabolites related with heat, cold and high-light treatments but not salt stress. Na+ concentrations were low in EBCs with all treatments and approximately two orders of magnitude lower than K+ concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie L Otterbach
- Department Physiology of Yield Stability, Institute Crop Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Holly Khoury
- School of BioSciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Thusitha Rupasinghe
- School of BioSciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Himasha Mendis
- School of BioSciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Kim H Kwan
- Metabolomics Australia, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Veronica Lui
- Metabolomics Australia, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Siria H A Natera
- Metabolomics Australia, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Iris Klaiber
- Core Facility Hohenheim (640). Mass Spectrometry Unit, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Nathaniel M Allen
- Department Physiology of Yield Stability, Institute Crop Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - David E Jarvis
- Department of Plant and Wildlife Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah, USA
| | - Mark Tester
- Center for Desert Agriculture, Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ute Roessner
- School of BioSciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Sandra M Schmöckel
- Department Physiology of Yield Stability, Institute Crop Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
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Dinan L, Balducci C, Guibout L, Lafont R. Small-scale analysis of phytoecdysteroids in seeds by HPLC-DAD-MS for the identification and quantification of specific analogues, dereplication and chemotaxonomy. PHYTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS : PCA 2020; 31:643-661. [PMID: 32182633 DOI: 10.1002/pca.2930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2019] [Revised: 02/17/2020] [Accepted: 02/17/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Phytoecdysteroids are analogues of arthropod steroids occurring in plants. They contribute to invertebrate deterrence. A wide diversity of ecdysteroids occurs in phytoecdysteroid-containing plant species, sometimes in high amounts. Ecdysteroids demonstrate potentially useful pharmaceutical actions in mammals. OBJECTIVES Establish reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry (RP-HPLC-MS/MS) and RP-HPLC-DAD-MS (diode array detector mass spectrometry) methods for the separation, identification and quantification of ecdysteroids to screen for species containing significant amounts of 20-hydroxyecdysone (20E) and other useful ecdysteroids. MATERIALS AND METHODS Micro-extracts of seed samples (ca. 30 mg) in 50% ethanol were subjected to RP-SPE (solid-phase extraction) purification prior to analysis by RP-HPLC-MS/MS and RP-HPLC-DAD-MS. The method was initially applied to genera (Amaranthus, Centaurea, Lychnis, Ourisia, Serratula, Silene and Trollius) where high-accumulating species had been previously encountered. Seeds of 160 randomly selected species, many of which have not previously been assessed, were then analysed. HPLC-MS/MS with a short analysis time initially identifies ecdysteroid-positive extracts and quantifies 20E. The positive extracts (20 ng 20E) are then analysed by HPLC-MS/MS with a longer analysis time to identify and quantify 17 common phytoecdysteroids and, finally, HPLC-DAD-MS (0.1-0.25 μg 20E) is used to obtain UV- and MS-spectra to confirm identifications or as a basis for characterisation of partially identified or novel analogues. RESULTS Lychnis coronaria, Silene fimbriata and Silene hookeri ecdysteroids are characterised for the first time and those of Cucubalus baccifer and Ipheion uniflorum are more extensively characterised. CONCLUSIONS The procedure provides a rapid/sensitive method for screening small plant samples for the presence, quantification and identification of ecdysteroids. It permits ready dereplication of samples, identifying extracts containing large amounts or novel analogues.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - René Lafont
- Biophytis, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
- Paris-Seine Biology Institute (BIOSIPE), CNRS, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
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Akinwumi IA, Sonibare MA, Yeye EO, Khan M. Bioassay-guided isolation and identification of anti-ulcer ecdysteroids from the seeds of Sphenocentrum jollyanum Pierre (Menispermaceae). Steroids 2020; 159:108636. [PMID: 32165210 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2020.108636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2020] [Revised: 02/20/2020] [Accepted: 03/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Sphenocentrum jollyanum seeds (MeOH extract and n butanol fraction) exhibited urease inhibitory activity (IC50 40.0 ± 0.92, 28.6 ± 0.41). The Ethyl acetate (EtOAc) fraction gave significant antacid activity with an increase in the baseline pH value of 1.2 to 1.61 ± 0.00 and 1.53 ± 0.00 at 50 and 100 mg, respectively, compared to the antacid activity of sodium bicarbonate (1.53 ± 0.00, 1.47 ± 0.00). Five known ecdysteroid compounds isolated from S. jollyanum ethyl acetate and n butanol fractions are Pinnatasterone (1), Polypodine B (2), 20-hydroxyecdysone (3), 20, 26-dihydroxyecdysone, (4) and Atrotosterone A (5). The compounds' structures were determined using extensive 1D and 2D NMR experiments, and the molecular mass for each of the compounds was confirmed by FAB-MS. Compounds 1-5 were evaluated for their urease inhibitory and antacid activities. Fractions were active in comparison with the standard drug acetohydroxamic acid, and sodium bicarbonate, respectively. Compounds 2, 3 and 1 showed significant urease inhibitory activity (IC50 7.0 ± 0.56, 13.8 ± 0.49 and 14.1 ± 0.59), respectively. The activity of compounds 4 and 5 were moderate compared to that of acetohydroxamic acid (IC50 value 20.3 ± 0.43). Very few compounds have been isolated from this plant despite the numerous biological activities reported for it. The antacid and urease inhibitory activities of this plant and isolated compounds are described for the first time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Idayat A Akinwumi
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria; H.E.J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Science (ICCBS), University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan.
| | - Mubo A Sonibare
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria.
| | - Emmanuel O Yeye
- H.E.J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Science (ICCBS), University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan
| | - Majid Khan
- H.E.J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Science (ICCBS), University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan
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11
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Lin M, Han P, Li Y, Wang W, Lai D, Zhou L. Quinoa Secondary Metabolites and Their Biological Activities or Functions. Molecules 2019; 24:E2512. [PMID: 31324047 PMCID: PMC6651730 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24132512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2019] [Revised: 07/03/2019] [Accepted: 07/03/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) was known as the "golden grain" by the native Andean people in South America, and has been a source of valuable food over thousands of years. It can produce a variety of secondary metabolites with broad spectra of bioactivities. At least 193 secondary metabolites from quinoa have been identified in the past 40 years. They mainly include phenolic acids, flavonoids, terpenoids, steroids, and nitrogen-containing compounds. These metabolites exhibit many physiological functions, such as insecticidal, molluscicidal and antimicrobial activities, as well as various kinds of biological activities such as antioxidant, cytotoxic, anti-diabetic and anti-inflammatory properties. This review focuses on our knowledge of the structures, biological activities and functions of quinoa secondary metabolites. Biosynthesis, development and utilization of the secondary metabolites especially from quinoa bran were prospected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minyi Lin
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Peipei Han
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yuying Li
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Weixuan Wang
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Daowan Lai
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Ligang Zhou
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
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Di Gioia F, Petropoulos SA. Phytoestrogens, phytosteroids and saponins in vegetables: Biosynthesis, functions, health effects and practical applications. ADVANCES IN FOOD AND NUTRITION RESEARCH 2019; 90:351-421. [PMID: 31445599 DOI: 10.1016/bs.afnr.2019.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Phytoestrogens are non-steroidal secondary metabolites with similarities in structure and biological activities with human estrogens divided into various classes of compounds, including lignans, isoflavones, ellagitannins, coumestans and stilbenes. Similarly, phytosteroids are steroidal compounds of plant origin which have estrogenic effects and can act as agonists, antagonists, or have a mixed agonistic/antagonistic activity to animal steroid receptors. On the other hand, saponins are widely distributed plant glucosides divided into triterpenoid and steroidal saponins that contribute to plant defense mechanism against herbivores. They present a great variation from a structural point of view, including compounds from different classes. In this chapter, the main vegetable sources of these compounds will be presented, while details regarding their biosynthesis and plant functions will be also discussed. Moreover, considering the significant bioactive properties that these compounds exhibit, special focus will be given on their health effects, either beneficial or adverse. The practical applications of these compounds in agriculture and phytomedicine will be also demonstrated, as well as the future prospects for related research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Di Gioia
- Department of Plant Science, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States
| | - Spyridon A Petropoulos
- Department of Crop Production and Rural Environment, University of Thessaly, Volos, Greece.
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Ribeiro PR, Ferraz CG, Cruz FG. New steroid and other compounds from non-polar extracts of Clusia burle-marxii and their chemotaxonomic significance. BIOCHEM SYST ECOL 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bse.2018.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Wang H, Tan J, Shang X, Zheng X, Liu X, Wang J, Hou X, Du Y. Porous organic cage incorporated monoliths for solid-phase extraction coupled with liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry for identification of ecdysteroids from Chenopodium quinoa Willd. J Chromatogr A 2018; 1583:55-62. [PMID: 30477713 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2018.11.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2018] [Revised: 11/09/2018] [Accepted: 11/14/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Here, a porous organic cage (POC)-incorporated polymeric monolith was fabricated in a syringe through the introduction of the POC into poly(ethylene glycol dimethacrylate) monolith in a one-step traditional free-radical polymerization proceess. The resulting monolithic phases were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD), nitrogen adsorption/desorption experiments and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), which confirmed the successful incorporation of the POC in the monolithic matrix. The functionality of the POC-incorporated poly(EDMA) monolith facilitated for the solid phase extraction (SPE) of 20-hydroxecdysone (an ecdysteroid) from Chenopodium quinoa Willd. extract coupled with UPLC-QqQ-MS/MS, exhibiting satisfactory accuracy (93-106%), precision (< 6.5%) and reusability. In addition, UPLC-Q-Exactive-Orbitrap-MS/MS analysis of the quinoa sample after SPE by POC-incorporated monolith provided the identification of 20-hydroxecdysone and three other ecdysteroids. These results demonstrate the potential of POC-incorporated monoliths for the SPE of ecdysteroids from complex plant systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongwei Wang
- Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, Shandong 266101, China; Key Laboratory of Agri-Food Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Quality Standard and Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Jianeng Tan
- Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, Shandong 266101, China
| | - Xianchao Shang
- Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, Shandong 266101, China; Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Xuan Zheng
- Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, Shandong 266101, China; Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Xinmin Liu
- Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, Shandong 266101, China; Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Key Laboratory of Agri-Food Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Quality Standard and Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Xiaodong Hou
- Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, Shandong 266101, China
| | - Yongmei Du
- Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, Shandong 266101, China; Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China.
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Lee JC, Chang FR, Chen SR, Wu YH, Hu HC, Wu YC, Backlund A, Cheng YB. Anti-Dengue Virus Constituents from Formosan Zoanthid Palythoa mutuki. Mar Drugs 2016; 14:md14080151. [PMID: 27517937 PMCID: PMC4999912 DOI: 10.3390/md14080151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2016] [Revised: 07/21/2016] [Accepted: 07/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
A new marine ecdysteroid with an α-hydroxy group attaching at C-4 instead of attaching at C-2 and C-3, named palythone A (1), together with eight known compounds (2–9) were obtained from the ethanolic extract of the Formosan zoanthid Palythoa mutuki. The structures of those compounds were mainly determined by NMR spectroscopic data analyses. The absolute configuration of 1 was further confirmed by comparing experimental and calculated circular dichroism (CD) spectra. Anti-dengue virus 2 activity and cytotoxicity of five isolated compounds were evaluated using virus infectious system and [3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-5-(3-carboxymethoxyphenyl)-2-(4-sulfophenyl)-2H-tetrazolium, inner salt (MTS) assays, respectively. As a result, peridinin (9) exhibited strong antiviral activity (IC50 = 4.50 ± 0.46 μg/mL), which is better than that of the positive control, 2′CMC. It is the first carotene-like substance possessing anti-dengue virus activity. In addition, the structural diversity and bioactivity of the isolates were compared by using a ChemGPS–NP computational analysis. The ChemGPS–NP data suggested natural products with anti-dengue virus activity locate closely in the chemical space.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Ching Lee
- Graduate Institute of Natural Products, College of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan.
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan.
- Research Center for Natural Products and Drug Development, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan.
| | - Fang-Rong Chang
- Graduate Institute of Natural Products, College of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan.
- Department of Marine Biotechnology and Resources, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 804, Taiwan.
- Cancer Center, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan.
| | - Shu-Rong Chen
- Graduate Institute of Natural Products, College of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan.
| | - Yu-Hsuan Wu
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan.
- Center of Infectious Disease and Signaling Research, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan.
| | - Hao-Chun Hu
- Graduate Institute of Natural Products, College of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan.
| | - Yang-Chang Wu
- School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan.
- Chinese Medicine Research and Development Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 404, Taiwan.
- Center for Molecular Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 404, Taiwan.
- Research Center for Chinese Herbal Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan.
| | - Anders Backlund
- Division of Pharmacognosy, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Uppsala University, BMC Box 574, S-751 23 Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Yuan-Bin Cheng
- Graduate Institute of Natural Products, College of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan.
- Research Center for Natural Products and Drug Development, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan.
- Center for Infectious Disease and Cancer Research, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan.
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16
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Ecdysones from Zoanthus spp. with inhibitory activity against dengue virus 2. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2016; 26:2344-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2016.03.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2016] [Revised: 03/05/2016] [Accepted: 03/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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17
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Graf B, Rojo LE, Delatorre-Herrera J, Poulev A, Calfio C, Raskin I. Phytoecdysteroids and flavonoid glycosides among Chilean and commercial sources of Chenopodium quinoa: variation and correlation to physico-chemical characteristics. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2016; 96:633-643. [PMID: 25683633 PMCID: PMC4534356 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.7134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2014] [Revised: 02/02/2015] [Accepted: 02/08/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Little is known about varietal differences in the content of bioactive phytoecdysteroids (PE) and flavonoid glycosides (FG) from quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.). The aim of this study was to determine the variation in PE and FG content among 17 distinct quinoa sources and identify correlations to genotypic (highland vs. lowland) and physico-chemical characteristics (seed color, 100-seed weight, protein content, oil content). RESULTS PE and FG concentrations exhibited over four-fold differences across quinoa sources, ranging from 138 ± 11 µg g(-1) to 570 ± 124 µg g(-1) total PE content and 192 ± 24 µg g(-1) to 804 ± 91 µg g(-1) total FG content. Mean FG content was significantly higher in highland Chilean varieties (583.6 ± 148.9 µg g(-1)) versus lowland varieties (228.2 ± 63.1 µg g(-1)) grown under the same environmental conditions (P = 0.0046; t-test). Meanwhile, PE content was positively and significantly correlated with oil content across all quinoa sources (r = 0.707, P = 0.002; Pearson correlation). CONCLUSION FG content may be genotypically regulated in quinoa. PE content may be increased via enhancement of oil content. These findings may open new avenues for the improvement and development of quinoa as a functional food.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brittany Graf
- Department of Plant Biology and Pathology, Rutgers University, 59 Dudley Rd, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
| | - Leonel E. Rojo
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Arturo Prat, Casilla 121, Iquique, Chile
| | - Jose Delatorre-Herrera
- Facultad de Recursos Naturales Renovables, Universidad Arturo Prat, Casilla 121, Iquique, Chile
| | - Alexander Poulev
- Department of Plant Biology and Pathology, Rutgers University, 59 Dudley Rd, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
| | - Camila Calfio
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Arturo Prat, Casilla 121, Iquique, Chile
| | - Ilya Raskin
- Department of Plant Biology and Pathology, Rutgers University, 59 Dudley Rd, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
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18
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Graf BL, Rojas-Silva P, Rojo LE, Delatorre-Herrera J, Baldeón ME, Raskin I. Innovations in Health Value and Functional Food Development of Quinoa ( Chenopodium quinoa Willd.). Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2015; 14:431-445. [PMID: 27453695 DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.12135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd., Amaranthaceae) is a grain-like, stress-tolerant food crop that has provided subsistence, nutrition, and medicine for Andean indigenous cultures for thousands of years. Quinoa contains a high content of health-beneficial phytochemicals, including amino acids, fiber, polyunsaturated fatty acids, vitamins, minerals, saponins, phytosterols, phytoecdysteroids, phenolics, betalains, and glycine betaine. Over the past 2 decades, numerous food and nutraceutical products and processes have been developed from quinoa. Furthermore, 4 clinical studies have demonstrated that quinoa supplementation exerts significant, positive effects on metabolic, cardiovascular, and gastrointestinal health in humans. However, vast challenges and opportunities remain within the scientific, agricultural, and development sectors to optimize quinoa's role in the promotion of global human health and nutrition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brittany L Graf
- Dept. of Plant Biology and Pathology, Rutgers Univ., 59 Dudley Rd., New Brunswick, NJ 08901, U.S.A
| | - Patricio Rojas-Silva
- Dept. of Plant Biology and Pathology, Rutgers Univ., 59 Dudley Rd., New Brunswick, NJ 08901, U.S.A
| | - Leonel E Rojo
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Univ. Arturo Prat, Casilla 121, Iquique, Chile
| | - Jose Delatorre-Herrera
- Facultad de Recursos Naturales Renovables, Univ. Arturo Prat, Casilla 121, Iquique, Chile
| | - Manuel E Baldeón
- Centro de Investigación Traslacional, Univ. de Las Américas, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Ilya Raskin
- Dept. of Plant Biology and Pathology, Rutgers Univ., 59 Dudley Rd., New Brunswick, NJ 08901, U.S.A
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19
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Graf BL, Poulev A, Kuhn P, Grace MH, Lila MA, Raskin I. Quinoa seeds leach phytoecdysteroids and other compounds with anti-diabetic properties. Food Chem 2014; 163:178-85. [PMID: 24912714 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2014.04.088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2013] [Revised: 03/10/2014] [Accepted: 04/23/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) contains high levels of biologically active phytoecdysteroids, which have been implicated in plant defense from insects, and have shown a range of beneficial pharmacological effects in mammals. We demonstrated that the most prevalent phytoecdysteroid, 20-hydroxyecdysone (20HE), was secreted (leached) from intact quinoa seeds into water during the initial stages of seed germination. Leaching efficiency was optimized by ethanol concentration (70% ethanol), temperature (80°C), time (4h), and solvent ratio (5 ml/g seed). When compared to extraction of macerated seeds, the leaching procedure released essentially all the 20HE available in the seeds (491 μg/g seed). The optimized quinoa leachate (QL), containing 0.86% 20HE, 1.00% total phytoecdysteroids, 2.59% flavonoid glycosides, 11.9% oil, and 20.4% protein, significantly lowered fasting blood glucose in obese, hyperglycemic mice. Leaching effectively releases and concentrates bioactive phytochemicals from quinoa seeds, providing an efficient means to produce a food-grade mixture that may be useful for anti-diabetic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brittany L Graf
- Department of Plant Biology & Pathology, Rutgers University, 59 Dudley Rd, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA.
| | - Alexander Poulev
- Department of Plant Biology & Pathology, Rutgers University, 59 Dudley Rd, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
| | - Peter Kuhn
- Department of Plant Biology & Pathology, Rutgers University, 59 Dudley Rd, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
| | - Mary H Grace
- Plants for Human Health Institute, North Carolina State University, 600 Laureate Way, Kannapolis, NC 28081, USA
| | - Mary Ann Lila
- Plants for Human Health Institute, North Carolina State University, 600 Laureate Way, Kannapolis, NC 28081, USA
| | - Ilya Raskin
- Department of Plant Biology & Pathology, Rutgers University, 59 Dudley Rd, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA.
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Saleem M, Musaddiq S, Riaz N, Zubair M, Ashraf M, Nasar R, Jabbar A. Ecdysteroids from the flowers of Aerva javanica. Steroids 2013; 78:1098-102. [PMID: 23933119 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2013.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2013] [Revised: 06/26/2013] [Accepted: 07/30/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Four new ecdysteroids (1-4), along with three known steroids, β-ecdysone (5), 5-β-2-deoxyintegristerone A (6) and 24-epi-makisterone A (7) (Fig. 1), were isolated from the methanolic extract of the flowers of Aerva javanica by using normal and reverse phase chromatography. The structures of the new compounds (1-4) were determined due to 1D ((1)H and (13)C), 2D NMR (HSQC, HMBC, COSY, NOESY) techniques and high resolution mass spectrometry (HREIMS). The known compounds (5-7) were characterized based on the 1D NMR spectroscopy and mass spectrometry and by comparison with the literature values. All isolates were evaluated for their inhibitory activities against enzymes acetylcholinesterase (AChE), butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) and lipoxygenase (LOX).
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Saleem
- Department of Chemistry, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Baghdad-ul-Jadeed Campus, Bahawalpur 63100, Pakistan.
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Das N, Achari B, Harigaya Y, Dinda B. A new flavonol glucoside from the aerial parts of Sida glutinosa. JOURNAL OF ASIAN NATURAL PRODUCTS RESEARCH 2011; 13:965-971. [PMID: 21972814 DOI: 10.1080/10286020.2011.602343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Phytochemical investigation on the dried aerial parts of Sida glutinosa has led to the isolation of a new flavonol glucoside, glutinoside (1), along with seven known compounds, 24(28)-dehydromakisterone A (2), 1,2,3,9-tetrahydropyrrolo[2,1-b]-quinazolin-3-amine (3), docosanoic acid, 1-triacontanol, campesterol, stigmasterol, and β-sitosterol. The structures of these compounds were elucidated by means of extensive spectroscopic techniques as well as GC/MS analysis (for sterols) and comparison with the literature data. All these seven known compounds are reported from this plant for the first time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niranjan Das
- Department of Chemistry, Netaji Subhash Mahavidyalaya, Udaipur 799120, South Tripura, India
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Kumpun S, Maria A, Crouzet S, Evrard-Todeschi N, Girault JP, Lafont R. Ecdysteroids from Chenopodium quinoa Willd., an ancient Andean crop of high nutritional value. Food Chem 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2010.10.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Wang P, Li S, Ownby S, Zhang Z, Yuan W, Zhang W, Scott Beasley R. Ecdysteroids and a sucrose phenylpropanoid ester from Froelichia floridana. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2009; 70:430-436. [PMID: 19254799 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2009.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2008] [Revised: 12/12/2008] [Accepted: 01/25/2009] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Phytoecdysteroid glycosides (1-5) and a phenylpropanoid ester of sucrose (6) were isolated from the whole plant of Froelichia floridana, along with eight known compounds including three ecdysteroids (7-9), four flavonoids (10-13), and one phenolic compound (14). Structures were determined using a combination of spectroscopic techniques. Compounds 1, 2 and 6-14 were tested in vitro for their activity against human DNA topoisomerase I. Compound 13 (diosmetin) showed marginal inhibition against topoisomerase I with IC(50) of 130 microM in conjunction with low intercalation ability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Wang
- National Center for Pharmaceutical Crops, Arthur Temple College of Forestry and Agriculture, Stephen F. Austin State University, Nacogdoches, TX 75962, USA
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24
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Nsimba RY, Kikuzaki H, Konishi Y. Ecdysteroids act as inhibitors of calf skin collagenase and oxidative stress. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2008; 22:240-50. [PMID: 18752310 DOI: 10.1002/jbt.20234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Three new phytoecdysteroids have been isolated from the seeds of Chenopodium quinoa and structurally identified as 20,26-dihydroxy, 28-methyl ecdysone, 20,26-dihydroxy, 24(28)-dehydro ecdysone, and 20-hydroxyecdysone 22-glycolate using serial chromatographic and spectroscopic methods. Both previously reported compounds and newly identified phytoecdysteroids were evaluated for their inhibitory effect on calf skin collagenase, as this enzyme is involved in aging skin diseases. Their effectiveness on scavenging 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radicals, as well as in chelating the iron metal ions was also investigated. All isolated compounds demonstrated a higher potency to inhibit this matrix metalloproteinase and to chelate the iron ion, both with respect to the number of carbonyl groups bearing their carbon skeleton, suggesting that their mechanism of action involves their ability to coordinate both ions (either the zinc ion of the catalytic domain of collagenase or the iron ion), acting as an electron donor. The DPPH-scavenging ability was hydroxyl dependent. Satisfactory results obtained from the enzyme in vitro experiment were further supported by the gel electrophoresis. These results indicate that ecdysteroids might be considered as potent chemical agents to prevent or delay both collagenase-related skin damages and oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Yawadio Nsimba
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry, Graduate School of Human Life Science, Osaka City University, Sumiyoshi-ku, Osaka 558-8585, Japan
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Su CR, Chen YF, Liou MJ, Tsai HY, Chang WS, Wu TS. Anti-inflammatory activities of furanoditerpenoids and other constituents from Fibraurea tinctoria. Bioorg Med Chem 2008; 16:9603-9. [PMID: 18829331 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2008.09.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2008] [Revised: 09/07/2008] [Accepted: 09/09/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Five new furanoditerpenoids, epi-8-hydroxycolumbin (1), fibaruretin B (2), C (3), E (5), and F (6), were isolated from the stems of Fibraurea tinctoria, as well as fibaruretin D (4) from the natural source for the first time, and 39 known compounds. The structures (1-6) were elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic analysis. All the isolated furanoditerpenoids (1-16) were examined for their in vitro activity and some were in vivo anti-inflammatory activity. Compounds 8 and 9 showed significant anti-inflammatory action administered at a dose of 100mg/kg of reducing carrageenan mice paw edema, whereas compound 7, 9, 10, 14, and 16 were more potent to inhibit NO production. The inhibitory effects of these compounds are dose-dependent (1-4 microg/ml).
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Affiliation(s)
- Chung-Ren Su
- Department of Chemistry, National Cheng Kung University, No.1, University Road, Tainan 701, Taiwan
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26
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Su CR, Ueng YF, Dung NX, Vijaya Bhaskar Reddy M, Wu TS. Cytochrome P3A4 inhibitors and other constituents of Fibraurea tinctoria. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2007; 70:1930-1933. [PMID: 17994701 DOI: 10.1021/np0704248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Four new furanoditerpenoids, fibrauretin A ( 1), fibrauretinoside A ( 2), epi-fibrauretinoside A ( 3), and epi-12-palmatoside G ( 4), and a new ecdysteroid glucoside, fibraurecdyside A ( 5), together with seven known compounds including two furanoditerpenoids ( 6 and 7), an ecdysteroid ( 8), and four quaternary protoberberine alkaloids ( 9- 12) were isolated from the stems of Fibraurea tinctoria. The structures of 1- 5 were established on the basis of spectroscopic evidence. Among these compounds, palmatine ( 9) and jatrorrhizine ( 10) showed inhibitory effects against cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4) with IC 50 values of 0.9 and 2.1 microM, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chung-Ren Su
- Department of Chemistry, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan, ROC
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