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Amundsen M, Jaakola L, Aaby K, Martinussen I, Kelanne N, Tuominen S, Laaksonen O, Yang B, Hykkerud AL. Effect of ripening temperature on the chemical composition of lingonberries (Vaccinium vitis-idaea L.) of northern and southern origin. Food Res Int 2023; 167:112738. [PMID: 37087220 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2023.112738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Revised: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/28/2023]
Abstract
Lingonberries (Vaccinium vitis-idaea L.) from two locations, northern (69°N, 18°E) and southern (59°N, 10°E) Norway, were grown under controlled conditions in a phytotron at two temperatures (9 and 15 °C) to study the effects of the ripening temperature and origin on the chemical composition of the berries. The concentrations of phenolic compounds, sugars, and organic acids as well as the profile of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) were determined using chromatographic and mass spectrometric methods. Five anthocyanins, eleven flavonols, eight cinnamic acid derivatives, three flavan-3-ols, three sugars, three organic acids, and 77 VOCs were identified, of which 40 VOCs had not previously been reported in lingonberries. Berries from both locations, were found to have higher contents of anthocyanins and cinnamic acid derivatives when ripened at lower temperature (9 °C), compared to the higher temperature (15 °C). Lingonberries of northern origin had a different VOC profile and higher contents of anthocyanins and organic acids than berries originating from the south. Lingonberries from the northern location also had higher proportions of cyanidin-3-O-glucoside and cyanidin-3-O-arabinoside than lingonberries from the southern location. The results show that the composition of lingonberries is influenced by both the environment and the origin of the plants, with phenolic compounds mainly influenced by the growth temperature and VOCs mainly influenced by plant origin.
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Ke Z, Tan S, Shi S. Physicochemical characteristics, polyphenols and antioxidant activities of Dimocarpus longan grown in different geographical locations. ANAL SCI 2023:10.1007/s44211-023-00352-2. [PMID: 37106280 DOI: 10.1007/s44211-023-00352-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023]
Abstract
Longan is widely consumed due to its high nutritional value. The growing area has substantial effect on nutrient component and secondary metabolism of fruits. The aim of this study was to analyze the differences in physicochemical characteristics, polyphenol profiles, and antioxidant activity of longan fruits grown in four regions of China. Two representative cultivars 'Shixia' and 'Chuliang' located in Chongqing, Guanxi, Zhanjiang and Hainan were collected and analyzed. The results showed that the fruit weights, edible rates, and total soluble solids were 5.63-12.57 g, 52.7-68.7% and 17.54-23.68%, respectively. The titratable acids, reducing sugars, vitamin C contents were 0.22-0.62%, 2.27-5.55% and 68.29-157.34 mg/100 g, respectively. Interestingly, contents of total polyphenols and antioxidant activities in longan pericarps from Chongqing were higher than those from low-latitude regions for two cultivars. In addition, 10 polyphenols were detected by UPLC-QqQ-MS/MS which showed that the content of polyphenols was much higher in longan pericarps than in pulps. The content of polyphenol profiles in longan was mainly influenced by its tissue distribution. Cultivar type may also affect the polyphenol profile of longan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zunli Ke
- Basic Medical School, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, Guizhou, 550025, China
| | - Si Tan
- Tropical Crops Genetic Resources Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, Hainan, 571101, China.
- School of Advanced Agriculture and Bioengineering, Yangtze Normal University, Chongqing, 408100, China.
| | - Shengyou Shi
- Tropical Crops Genetic Resources Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, Hainan, 571101, China.
- School of Advanced Agriculture and Bioengineering, Yangtze Normal University, Chongqing, 408100, China.
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Elucidating Flavonoid and Antioxidant Activity in Edible and Medicinal Herbs Woodwardia japonica (L.f.) Sm. Based on HPLC-ESI-TOF-MS and Artificial Neural Network Model: Response to Climatic Factors. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28041985. [PMID: 36838973 PMCID: PMC9964229 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28041985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Revised: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Woodwardia japonica is a kind of great potential edible and medicinal fern. In a previous study, it was found that flavonoid and antioxidant activity of W. japonica from different sites were different. However, the cause of the differences has still been unclear, which has restricted the utilization of W. japonica. In this paper, flavonoid and antioxidant activity of W. japonica from nine different regions were determined with the method of a colorimetric assay with UV-VIS spectrophotometry and HPLC-ESI-TOF-MS, and the effects of climate factors on flavonoids and antioxidant activities were evaluated by mathematical modeling and statistical methods. The results showed: (1) total flavonoid content (TFC) of W. japonica from Wuyi Mountain (Jiangxi) was the highest, which might be related to the low temperature; (2) the differences of antioxidant activities of W. japonica might be related to precipitation; (3) five flavonols, two flavones and one isoflavone were tentatively identified in W. japonica; (4) flavonol and isoflavone might be affected by sunshine duration, and flavones were probably related to temperature. In conclusion, the effects of climate factors on flavonoids and antioxidants are significant, which would provide an important basis for further exploring the mechanism of climate affecting secondary metabolites.
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Mølmann JAB, Dalmannsdottir S, Hykkerud AL, Hytönen T, Samkumar A, Jaakola L. Influence of Arctic light conditions on crop production and quality. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2021; 172:1931-1940. [PMID: 33837963 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.13418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2017] [Revised: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
The natural light conditions above the Arctic Circle are unique in terms of annual variation creating special growth conditions for crop production. These include low solar elevations, very long daily photosynthetic light periods, midnight sun/absence of dark nights, and altered spectral distribution depending on solar elevation. All these factors are known to affect the growth and the metabolism of plants, although their influence on northern crop plants has not yet been reviewed. The ongoing global warming is especially affecting the temperature × light interactions in the Arctic, and understanding the impact on crop production and plant metabolism will be important for an Arctic contribution to global food production. Arctic light conditions have a strong influence on the timing of plant development, which together with temperature limits the number of cultivars suitable for Arctic agriculture. This review compiles information from the reports about the effects of light conditions at high latitudes on growth, biomass production, flowering and quality of the crop plants and discusses the gained knowledge and the key gaps to be addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jørgen A B Mølmann
- Division of Food Production and Society, Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research, Ås, Norway
| | - Sigridur Dalmannsdottir
- Division of Food Production and Society, Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research, Ås, Norway
| | - Anne Linn Hykkerud
- Division of Food Production and Society, Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research, Ås, Norway
| | - Timo Hytönen
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, Viikki Plant Science Centre, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Organismal and Evolutionary Biology Research Programme, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Viikki Plant Science Centre, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Genetics, Genomics and Breeding, NIAB EMR, East Malling, UK
| | - Amos Samkumar
- Climate Laboratory Holt, Department of Arctic and Marine Biology, UiT - The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Laura Jaakola
- Division of Food Production and Society, Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research, Ås, Norway
- Climate Laboratory Holt, Department of Arctic and Marine Biology, UiT - The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
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Apios Americana Medicus: A potential staple food candidate with versatile bioactivities. Trends Food Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2021.04.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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6
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Li Y, Sun H, Li J, Qin S, Niu Z, Qiao X, Yang B. Influence of genetic background, growth latitude and bagging treatment on phenolic compounds in fruits of commercial cultivars and wild types of apples (Malus sp.). Eur Food Res Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s00217-021-03695-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
AbstractPhenolic compounds in apples 17 cultivars (Malus domestica Borkh.) and 3 wild forms (Malus sp.) were analyzed to study the impact of genetic background, growth site, and fruit bagging. The impact of altitude was studied in nine cultivars by analyzing fruits collected from orchards at three altitudes. Procyanidin B2 (71–628 μg/g fresh weight), ( −)-epicatechin (35–357 μg/g), and chlorogenic acid (28–563 μg/g) were always the three most abundant phenolic compounds in the apple samples studied, except for the cultivar ‘Qinguan’, which had a very low content of ( −)-epicatechin (13 μg/g) and procyanidin B2 (8 μg/g). The wild apples of M. prunifolia (Willd.) Borkh were 5-times richer in epicatechin (278 μg/g) and procyanidin B2 (628 μg/g) than the commercial cultivars of M. domestica Borkh (86 and 54, respectively). Among the commercial cultivars, ‘Qinguan’ had the highest level of chlorogenic acid but the lowest content of flavan-3-ols, whereas ‘Liuyuehong’ was characterized by the highest content of quercetin glycosides. Procyanidin B2, and ( −)-epicatechin correlated negatively, while other phenolics positively, with altitude. The response of phenolic compounds to altitude variation depended on latitude variation and genetic backgrounds. Bagging treatment reduced the contents of most phenolic compounds, with the impact of cultivars and length of re-exposure before harvest. This is also the first report on phenolic compounds in several important new cultivars, adding new knowledge on the compositional characteristics of global apple resources.
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UV-C mediated accumulation of pharmacologically significant phytochemicals under light regimes in in vitro culture of Fagonia indica (L.). Sci Rep 2021; 11:679. [PMID: 33436717 PMCID: PMC7804141 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-79896-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Fagonia indica (L.) is an important medicinal plant with multitude of therapeutic potentials. Such application has been attributed to the presence of various pharmacological important phytochemicals. However, the inadequate biosynthesis of such metabolites in intact plants has hampered scalable production. Thus, herein, we have established an in vitro based elicitation strategy to enhance such metabolites in callus culture of F. indica. Cultures were exposed to various doses of UV radiation (UV-C) and grown in different photoperiod regimes and their impact was evaluated on biomass accumulation, biosynthesis of phytochemicals along antioxidant expression. Cultures grown under photoperiod (16L/8D h) after exposure to UV-C (5.4 kJ/m2) accumulated optimal biomass (438.3 g/L FW; 16.4 g/L DW), phenolics contents (TPC: 11.8 μgGAE/mg) and flavonoids contents (TFC: 4.05 μgQE/mg). Similarly, HPLC quantification revealed that total production (6.967 μg/mg DW) of phytochemicals wherein kaempferol (1.377 μg/mg DW), apigenin (1.057 μg/mg DW), myricetin (1.022 μg/mg DW) and isorhamnetin (1.022 μg/mg DW) were recorded highly accumulated compounds in cultures at UV-C (5.4 kJ/m2) dose than other UV-C radiations and light regimes.. The antioxidants activities examined as DPPH (92.8%), FRAP (182.3 µM TEAC) and ABTS (489.1 µM TEAC) were also recorded highly expressed by cultures under photoperiod after treatment with UV-C dose 5.4 kJ/m2. Moreover, same cultures also expressed maximum % inhibition towards phospholipase A2 (sPLA2: 35.8%), lipoxygenase (15-LOX: 43.3%) and cyclooxygenases (COX-1: 55.3% and COX-2: 39.9%) with 1.0-, 1.3-, 1.3- and 2.8-fold increased levels as compared with control, respectively. Hence, findings suggest that light and UV can synergistically improve the metabolism of F. indica and could be used to produce such valuable metabolites on commercial scale.
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Phenolic Compounds Content and Genetic Diversity at Population Level across the Natural Distribution Range of Bearberry ( Arctostaphylos uva-ursi, Ericaceae) in the Iberian Peninsula. PLANTS 2020; 9:plants9091250. [PMID: 32971908 PMCID: PMC7570137 DOI: 10.3390/plants9091250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2020] [Revised: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 09/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Bearberry (Arctostaphylos uva-ursi) is a medicinal plant traditionally employed for the treatment of urinary tract infections due to high contents of arbutin (hydroquinone β-D-glucoside), which is now mainly used as a natural skin-whitening agent in cosmetics. Bearberry has also been proposed as a natural antioxidant additive due to the high contents of phenolic compounds in leaves. We studied the variation on phenolic compounds in 42 wild populations of bearberry, aiming to elucidate if intrinsic biological, climatic, and/or geographic factors affect phenolic contents across its natural distribution in the Iberian Peninsula. Bearberry leaves were collected during autumn over a three-year period (2014-2016) in populations across a latitude and altitude gradient. Methanolic extracts showed a wide range of variation in total phenols content, and different phenolic profiles regarding arbutin (levels of this major constituent varied from 87 to 232 mg/g dr wt), but also catechin and myricetin contents, which were affected by geographic and climatic factors. Moderate levels of variation on genome size-assessed by flow cytometry-and on two plastid DNA regions were also detected among populations. Genetic and cytogenetic differentiation of populations was weakly but significantly associated to phytochemical diversity. Elite bearberry genotypes with higher antioxidant capacity were subsequently identified.
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Yang W, Ma X, Laaksonen O, He W, Kallio H, Yang B. Effects of Latitude and Weather Conditions on Proanthocyanidins in Blackcurrant ( Ribes nigrum) of Finnish Commercial Cultivars. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2019; 67:14038-14047. [PMID: 31730342 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.9b06031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Blackcurrants of three Finnish commercial cultivars 'Mortti', 'Ola', and 'Melalahti' cultivated in southern and northern Finland were compared on the basis of the content and composition of proanthocyanidins (PAs). Seventeen B-type PA oligomers (degree of polymerization 2-5 and 7) were detected by hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography and electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. Total PAs, dimers, trimers, and tetramers were quantified. Among the three cultivars, 'Ola' had the highest contents of both total PAs and PA oligomers. 'Melalahti' was separated from both 'Mortti' and 'Ola' by PA profiles in the partial least-squares discriminant analysis model. All three cultivars revealed distinct responses to latitude and weather conditions. The content of total PAs showed a positive correlation to latitude in 'Ola' and 'Melalahti'. Among the meteorological variables, high temperature and radiation correlated negatively with total PAs, while only specific variables showed a correlation with PA oligomers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Yang
- Food Chemistry and Food Development, Department of Biochemistry , University of Turku , FI-20014 Turku , Finland
| | - Xueying Ma
- Food Chemistry and Food Development, Department of Biochemistry , University of Turku , FI-20014 Turku , Finland
| | - Oskar Laaksonen
- Food Chemistry and Food Development, Department of Biochemistry , University of Turku , FI-20014 Turku , Finland
| | - Wenjia He
- Food Chemistry and Food Development, Department of Biochemistry , University of Turku , FI-20014 Turku , Finland
| | - Heikki Kallio
- Food Chemistry and Food Development, Department of Biochemistry , University of Turku , FI-20014 Turku , Finland
| | - Baoru Yang
- Food Chemistry and Food Development, Department of Biochemistry , University of Turku , FI-20014 Turku , Finland
- Institute of Quality, Safety of Agro-Products and Testing Technology , Shanxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Taiyuan 030031 , China
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10
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Benarfa A, Gourine N, Mahfoudi R, Harrat M, Yousfi M. Effect of Seasonal and Regional Variations on Phenolic Compounds of Deverra scoparia (Flowers/Seeds) Methanolic Extract and the Evaluation of Its in Vitro Antioxidant Activity. Chem Biodivers 2019; 16:e1900420. [PMID: 31529756 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.201900420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2019] [Accepted: 09/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The widespread use of Deverra scoparia Coss. & Durieu in Algerian folk-medicine as a remedy can be relatively attributed to its total phenolic compounds. The current study aimed to provide a scientific basis for optimal collection and usage of Deverra scoparia Coss. & Durieu plant. Hence, 37 samples were gathered from nine sites in Algeria during two seasons 2016 and 2017, then exposed to a green extraction. Total phenolic (TPC), flavonoid (FC) and condensed tannins (CTC) content were estimated spectrophotometrically. The antioxidant activity was measured using five different methods, DPPH. , ABTS.+ , FRAP, CUPRAC and Fe2+ -chelating. The results have revealed considerable amounts of TPC varied from 804 to 1544 mg GAE/100 g dry matter, FC started from 187 up to 410 mg QE/100 g dry matter and CTC varied from 111 to 394 mg CE/100 g dry matter. The best IC50 values (μg/mL) of DPPH. , ABTS•+ , FRAP, CUPRAC and Fe2+ -chelating tests were 56.62, 5.41, 21.26, 52.93 and 78.10, respectively. Moreover, high correlations were found between CTC and most of the antioxidant tests. Hence, CTC are suggested to be the principal group of antioxidant activity in Deverra scoparia Coss. & Durieu extracts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adel Benarfa
- Laboratory of Fundamental Sciences, University Amar Telidji of Laghouat, P.O. Box 37G, Road of Ghardaïa, 03000, Laghouat, Algeria
| | - Nadhir Gourine
- Laboratory of Fundamental Sciences, University Amar Telidji of Laghouat, P.O. Box 37G, Road of Ghardaïa, 03000, Laghouat, Algeria
| | - Reguia Mahfoudi
- Laboratory of Fundamental Sciences, University Amar Telidji of Laghouat, P.O. Box 37G, Road of Ghardaïa, 03000, Laghouat, Algeria
| | - Mohamed Harrat
- Laboratory of Fundamental Sciences, University Amar Telidji of Laghouat, P.O. Box 37G, Road of Ghardaïa, 03000, Laghouat, Algeria
| | - Mohamed Yousfi
- Laboratory of Fundamental Sciences, University Amar Telidji of Laghouat, P.O. Box 37G, Road of Ghardaïa, 03000, Laghouat, Algeria
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11
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Tian Y, Laaksonen O, Haikonen H, Vanag A, Ejaz H, Linderborg K, Karhu S, Yang B. Compositional Diversity among Blackcurrant ( Ribes nigrum) Cultivars Originating from European Countries. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2019; 67:5621-5633. [PMID: 31013088 PMCID: PMC6750745 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.9b00033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Berries representing 21 cultivars of blackcurrant were analyzed using liquid chromatographic, gas chromatographic, and mass spectrometric methods coupled with multivariate models. This study pinpointed compositional variation among cultivars of different origins cultivated in the same location during two seasons. The chemical profiles of blackcurrants varied significantly among cultivars and growing years. The key differences among cultivars of Scottish, Lithuanian, and Finnish origins were in the contents of phenolic acids (23 vs 16 vs 19 mg/100 g on average, respectively), mainly as 5- O-caffeoylquinic acid, 4- O-coumaroylglucose, ( E)-coumaroyloxymethylene-glucopyranosyloxy-( Z)-butenenitrile, and 1- O-feruloylglucose. The Scottish cultivars were grouped on the basis of the 3- O-glycosides of delphinidin and cyanidin, as were the Lithuanian cultivars. Among the Finnish samples, the content of myricetin 3- O-glycosides, 4- O-caffeoylglucose, 1- O-coumaroylglucose, and 4- O-coumaroylglucose were significantly different between the two green-fruited cultivars and the black-fruited cultivars. The samples from the studied years differed in the content of phenolic acid derivatives, quercetin glycosides, monosaccharides, and citric acid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Tian
- Food
Chemistry and Food Development, Department of Biochemistry, University of Turku, FI-20014 Turku, Finland
| | - Oskar Laaksonen
- Food
Chemistry and Food Development, Department of Biochemistry, University of Turku, FI-20014 Turku, Finland
| | - Heta Haikonen
- Food
Chemistry and Food Development, Department of Biochemistry, University of Turku, FI-20014 Turku, Finland
| | - Anita Vanag
- Food
Chemistry and Food Development, Department of Biochemistry, University of Turku, FI-20014 Turku, Finland
| | - Huma Ejaz
- Food
Chemistry and Food Development, Department of Biochemistry, University of Turku, FI-20014 Turku, Finland
| | - Kaisa Linderborg
- Food
Chemistry and Food Development, Department of Biochemistry, University of Turku, FI-20014 Turku, Finland
| | - Saila Karhu
- Natural
Resources Institute Finland (Luke), Itäinen Pitkäkatu 4a, FI-20520 Turku, Finland
| | - Baoru Yang
- Food
Chemistry and Food Development, Department of Biochemistry, University of Turku, FI-20014 Turku, Finland
- Institute
of Food Quality and Safety, Shanxi Academy
of Agricultural Sciences, Longcheng Street No. 81, 030031 Taiyuan, China
- E-mail: . Tel: +35823336844
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Jiménez-Aspee F, Theoduloz C, Gómez-Alonso S, Hermosín-Gutiérrez I, Reyes M, Schmeda-Hirschmann G. Polyphenolic profile and antioxidant activity of meristem and leaves from "chagual" (Puya chilensis Mol.), a salad from central Chile. Food Res Int 2018; 114:90-96. [PMID: 30361031 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2018.07.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2018] [Revised: 07/04/2018] [Accepted: 07/30/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
The Bromeliaceae Puya chilensis Mol. is a native monocotyledonous food plant that can be found in central Chile. It is traditionally known as chagual. The tender basal part of the leaves, just starting from the meristem, are consumed as a salad. The aim of this work was to describe the phenolic content and composition of the meristem and leaves of chagual, as well as their antioxidant capacity and inhibitory activity against metabolic syndrome-associated enzymes. Samples of chagual, including two cultivated and three wild growing plants, were analyzed and compared for composition and bioactivity. From the phenolic enriched extract of the plant (PEE), 26 compounds were tentatively identified by HPLC-DAD-ESI-MSn, including 12 hydroxycinnamic acids and 14 flavonoids. The main compounds were identified as diferuloyl hexaric acid isomers and 5-p-Coumaroylquinic acid. The compounds were quantified in both meristem and leaves. The PEE content was up to ten times higher in the meristem than in the leaves, ranging from 0.18 to 124.08 mg/g PEE. The samples inhibited α-glucosidase, but did not show effect on α-amylase and pancreatic lipase. This is the first report on the polyphenol composition and bioactivity of the edible components of the chagual food plant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felipe Jiménez-Aspee
- Departamento de Ciencias Básicas Biomédicas, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Talca, 3460000 Talca, Chile; Núcleo Científico Multidisciplinario, Dirección de Investigación, Universidad de Talca, 3460000 Talca, Chile; Programa de Investigación de Excelencia Interdisciplinaria en Química y Bio-orgánica de Recursos Naturales (PIEI-QUIM-BIO), Universidad de Talca, Chile.
| | - Cristina Theoduloz
- Programa de Investigación de Excelencia Interdisciplinaria en Química y Bio-orgánica de Recursos Naturales (PIEI-QUIM-BIO), Universidad de Talca, Chile; Laboratorio de Cultivo Celular, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Talca, 3460000 Talca, Chile
| | - Sergio Gómez-Alonso
- Instituto Regional de Investigación Científica Aplicada, Departamento de Química Analítica y Tecnología de Alimentos, Universidad Castilla- La Mancha, Campus Universitario s/n, Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Isidro Hermosín-Gutiérrez
- Instituto Regional de Investigación Científica Aplicada, Departamento de Química Analítica y Tecnología de Alimentos, Universidad Castilla- La Mancha, Campus Universitario s/n, Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Marisol Reyes
- Instituto Nacional de Investigación Agrícola, INIA-Raihuén, San Javier, Chile
| | - Guillermo Schmeda-Hirschmann
- Programa de Investigación de Excelencia Interdisciplinaria en Química y Bio-orgánica de Recursos Naturales (PIEI-QUIM-BIO), Universidad de Talca, Chile; Laboratorio de Química de Productos Naturales, Instituto de Química de Recursos Naturales, Universidad de Talca, 3460000 Talca, Chile.
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Pinela J, Prieto MA, Pereira E, Jabeur I, Barreiro MF, Barros L, Ferreira ICFR. Optimization of heat- and ultrasound-assisted extraction of anthocyanins from Hibiscus sabdariffa calyces for natural food colorants. Food Chem 2018; 275:309-321. [PMID: 30724201 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2018.09.118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2018] [Revised: 09/17/2018] [Accepted: 09/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Heat- and ultrasound-assisted extraction methods were applied to recover anthocyanins from Hibiscus sabdariffa calyces. The extraction variables, time (t), ethanol proportion (S), and temperature (T) or ultrasonic power (P), were combined in a 5-level experimental design and analysed by response surface methodology for process optimization. The delphinidin-3-O-sambubioside (C1) and cyanidin-3-O-sambubioside (C2) levels were monitored by LC-DAD-ESI/MSn and used as response criteria. The developed models were successfully fitted to the experimental data and used to determine optimal extraction conditions. UAE was the most efficient method yielding 51.76 mg C1 + C2/g R under optimal conditions (t = 26.1 min, P = 296.6 W and S = 39.1% ethanol, v/v). The dose-response effects of the solid/liquid ratio on the extraction rate were also determined. The anthocyanin levels herein reported are higher than those found in the literature, which support the potential use of H. sabdariffa as a sustainable source of natural colorants with application in different industrial sectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Pinela
- Centro de Investigação de Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal
| | - M A Prieto
- Centro de Investigação de Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal; Nutrition and Bromatology Group, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, University of Vigo, Ourense Campus, E32004 Ourense, Spain
| | - Eliana Pereira
- Centro de Investigação de Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal
| | - Inès Jabeur
- Centro de Investigação de Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal
| | - Maria Filomena Barreiro
- Centro de Investigação de Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal; Laboratory of Separation and Reaction Engineering - Laboratory of Catalysis and Materials (LSRE-LCM), Polytechnic Institute of Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal
| | - Lillian Barros
- Centro de Investigação de Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal
| | - Isabel C F R Ferreira
- Centro de Investigação de Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal.
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14
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Puganen A, Kallio HP, Schaich KM, Suomela JP, Yang B. Red/Green Currant and Sea Buckthorn Berry Press Residues as Potential Sources of Antioxidants for Food Use. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2018; 66:3426-3434. [PMID: 29529370 PMCID: PMC6203183 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.8b00177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2018] [Revised: 03/12/2018] [Accepted: 03/12/2018] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
The potential for using extracts of press residues from black, green, red, and white currants and from sea buckthorn berries as sources of antioxidants for foods use was investigated. Press residues were extracted with ethanol in four consecutive extractions, and total Folin-Ciocalteu (F-C) reactive material and authentic phenolic compounds were determined. Radical quenching capability and mechanisms were determined from total peroxyl radical-trapping antioxidant capacity (TRAP) and oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) assays and from diphenylpicrylhydrazyl (DPPH) kinetics, respectively; specific activities were normalized to F-C reactive concentrations. Levels of total F-C reactive materials in press residue extracts were higher than in many fruits and showed significant radical quenching activity. Black currant had the highest authentic phenol content and ORAC, TRAP, and DPPH reactivity. Sea buckthorn grown in northern Finland showed extremely high total specific DPPH reactivity. These results suggest that berry press residues offer attractive value-added products that can provide antioxidants for use in stabilizing and fortifying foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Puganen
- Food
Chemistry and Food Development, Department of Biochemistry, University of Turku, FI-20014 Turku, Finland
| | - Heikki P. Kallio
- Food
Chemistry and Food Development, Department of Biochemistry, University of Turku, FI-20014 Turku, Finland
- The
Kevo Subarctic Research Institute, University
of Turku, FI-20014 Turku, Finland
- E-mail: . Phone: +358 2 3336870. Fax: +358 29 450 5040
| | - Karen M. Schaich
- Department
of Food Science, Rutgers University, 65 Dudley Road, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08901-8520, United States
| | - Jukka-Pekka Suomela
- Food
Chemistry and Food Development, Department of Biochemistry, University of Turku, FI-20014 Turku, Finland
| | - Baoru Yang
- Food
Chemistry and Food Development, Department of Biochemistry, University of Turku, FI-20014 Turku, Finland
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15
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Yang L, Wen KS, Ruan X, Zhao YX, Wei F, Wang Q. Response of Plant Secondary Metabolites to Environmental Factors. Molecules 2018; 23:E762. [PMID: 29584636 PMCID: PMC6017249 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23040762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 492] [Impact Index Per Article: 82.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2018] [Revised: 03/21/2018] [Accepted: 03/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Plant secondary metabolites (SMs) are not only a useful array of natural products but also an important part of plant defense system against pathogenic attacks and environmental stresses. With remarkable biological activities, plant SMs are increasingly used as medicine ingredients and food additives for therapeutic, aromatic and culinary purposes. Various genetic, ontogenic, morphogenetic and environmental factors can influence the biosynthesis and accumulation of SMs. According to the literature reports, for example, SMs accumulation is strongly dependent on a variety of environmental factors such as light, temperature, soil water, soil fertility and salinity, and for most plants, a change in an individual factor may alter the content of SMs even if other factors remain constant. Here, we review with emphasis how each of single factors to affect the accumulation of plant secondary metabolites, and conduct a comparative analysis of relevant natural products in the stressed and unstressed plants. Expectantly, this documentary review will outline a general picture of environmental factors responsible for fluctuation in plant SMs, provide a practical way to obtain consistent quality and high quantity of bioactive compounds in vegetation, and present some suggestions for future research and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Yang
- Ningbo Institute of Technology, Zhejiang University, Ningbo 315100, China.
| | - Kui-Shan Wen
- Ningbo Institute of Technology, Zhejiang University, Ningbo 315100, China.
| | - Xiao Ruan
- Ningbo Institute of Technology, Zhejiang University, Ningbo 315100, China.
| | - Ying-Xian Zhao
- Ningbo Institute of Technology, Zhejiang University, Ningbo 315100, China.
| | - Feng Wei
- Ningbo Institute of Technology, Zhejiang University, Ningbo 315100, China.
| | - Qiang Wang
- Ningbo Institute of Technology, Zhejiang University, Ningbo 315100, China.
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16
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Ben Ahmed Z, Yousfi M, Viaene J, Dejaegher B, Demeyer K, Mangelings D, Vander Heyden Y. Seasonal, gender and regional variations in total phenolic, flavonoid, and condensed tannins contents and in antioxidant properties from Pistacia atlantica ssp. leaves. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2017; 55:1185-1194. [PMID: 28245729 PMCID: PMC6130636 DOI: 10.1080/13880209.2017.1291690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2016] [Revised: 11/21/2016] [Accepted: 01/31/2017] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT The widespread use of Pistacia atlantica Desf. ssp. (Anacardiaceae) in traditional medicine can be partly attributed to the content of its secondary metabolites, in particular, the phenolic compounds. OBJECTIVE The effects of harvest period, growing region and gender on the phenolic compounds, flavonoids and condensed tannins contents were studied, as well as on the antioxidant activities of P. atlantica leaves in order to provide a scientific basis for optimal collection. MATERIALS AND METHODS Leaves were collected monthly from April to October 2010 in two Algerian sites. The powdered leaves were used for preparing the ethyl acetate extract. Contents of total phenolics (TPC), flavonoids (FC) and condensed tannins (CTC) were determined spectrophotometrically. Antioxidant activity was evaluated through radical scavenging activity (RSA) of 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (250 μM) and the reducing power capacity (RPC) determination by K3Fe(CN)6 (1%). RESULTS The TPC was found to vary from 79 ± 13 to 259 ± 8 mg gallic acid equivalents/g of dry weight (DW) during the study period. The RSA and RPC varied between 262 ± 18 and 675 ± 21 mg Ascorbic Acid Equivalent (AAE)/g DW, and from 259 ± 16 to 983 ± 20 mg AAE/g DW, respectively. A seasonal pattern was observed consisting of a decrease in TPC content and RPC from spring to autumn. The FC, CTC and RSA did not show a seasonal pattern. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION Our findings showed that secondary metabolite content and antioxidant activities of P. atlantica leaves were more influenced by harvest time and growing region than by gender.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziyad Ben Ahmed
- Laboratory of Fundamental Science, University Amar Telidji, Laghouat, Algeria
- Department of Analytical Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Technology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Mohamed Yousfi
- Laboratory of Fundamental Science, University Amar Telidji, Laghouat, Algeria
| | - Johan Viaene
- Department of Analytical Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Technology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Bieke Dejaegher
- Department of Analytical Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Technology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Brussels, Belgium
- Laboratory of Instrumental Analysis and Bioelectrochemistry, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Bruxelles, Belgium
| | - Kristiaan Demeyer
- Department of Toxicology, Dermato-Cosmetology and Pharmacognosy, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Debby Mangelings
- Department of Analytical Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Technology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Yvan Vander Heyden
- Department of Analytical Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Technology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Brussels, Belgium
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17
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Castagna A, Csepregi K, Neugart S, Zipoli G, Večeřová K, Jakab G, Jug T, Llorens L, Martínez-Abaigar J, Martínez-Lüscher J, Núñez-Olivera E, Ranieri A, Schoedl-Hummel K, Schreiner M, Teszlák P, Tittmann S, Urban O, Verdaguer D, Jansen MAK, Hideg É. Environmental plasticity of Pinot noir grapevine leaves: A trans-European study of morphological and biochemical changes along a 1,500-km latitudinal climatic gradient. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2017; 40:2790-2805. [PMID: 28792065 DOI: 10.1111/pce.13054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2017] [Accepted: 07/30/2017] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
A 2-year study explored metabolic and phenotypic plasticity of sun-acclimated Vitis vinifera cv. Pinot noir leaves collected from 12 locations across a 36.69-49.98°N latitudinal gradient. Leaf morphological and biochemical parameters were analysed in the context of meteorological parameters and the latitudinal gradient. We found that leaf fresh weight and area were negatively correlated with both global and ultraviolet (UV) radiation, cumulated global radiation being a stronger correlator. Cumulative UV radiation (sumUVR) was the strongest correlator with most leaf metabolites and pigments. Leaf UV-absorbing pigments, total antioxidant capacities, and phenolic compounds increased with increasing sumUVR, whereas total carotenoids and xanthophylls decreased. Despite of this reallocation of metabolic resources from carotenoids to phenolics, an increase in xanthophyll-cycle pigments (the sum of the amounts of three xanthophylls: violaxanthin, antheraxanthin, and zeaxanthin) with increasing sumUVR indicates active, dynamic protection for the photosynthetic apparatus. In addition, increased amounts of flavonoids (quercetin glycosides) and constitutive β-carotene and α-tocopherol pools provide antioxidant protection against reactive oxygen species. However, rather than a continuum of plant acclimation responses, principal component analysis indicates clusters of metabolic states across the explored 1,500-km-long latitudinal gradient. This study emphasizes the physiological component of plant responses to latitudinal gradients and reveals the physiological plasticity that may act to complement genetic adaptations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonella Castagna
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, via del Borghetto 80, 56124, Pisa, Italy
| | - Kristóf Csepregi
- Department of Plant Biology, University of Pécs, Ifjúság u. 6, 7624, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Susanne Neugart
- Leibniz Institute of Vegetable and Ornamental Crops Großbeeren/Erfurt e.V, Theodor-Echtermeyer-Weg 1, 14979, Großbeeren, Germany
| | | | - Kristýna Večeřová
- Global Change Research Institute CAS, v.v.i, Bělidla 4a, 60300, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Gábor Jakab
- Department of Plant Biology, University of Pécs, Ifjúság u. 6, 7624, Pécs, Hungary
- Research Institute of Viticulture and Oenology, University of Pécs, Pázmány Péter u. 4, 7624, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Tjaša Jug
- Agricultural and Forestry Institute of Nova Gorica, Pri hrastu 18, 5270, Nova Gorica, Slovenia
| | - Laura Llorens
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, University of Girona, Av. Montilivi s/n, 17071, Girona, Spain
| | - Javier Martínez-Abaigar
- Facultad de Ciencia y Tecnología, Universidad de La Rioja, Madre de Dios 53, Logroño, La Rioja, 26006, Spain
| | - Johann Martínez-Lüscher
- Department of Viticulture and Enology, University of California Davis Oakville Experiment Station, 1380 Oakville Grade Road, Oakville, CA, 94562, USA
| | - Encarnación Núñez-Olivera
- Facultad de Ciencia y Tecnología, Universidad de La Rioja, Madre de Dios 53, Logroño, La Rioja, 26006, Spain
| | - Annamaria Ranieri
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, via del Borghetto 80, 56124, Pisa, Italy
| | - Katharina Schoedl-Hummel
- Department of Crop Sciences, BOKU-University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Konrad-Lorenz-Str. 24, 3430, Tulln, Austria
| | - Monika Schreiner
- Leibniz Institute of Vegetable and Ornamental Crops Großbeeren/Erfurt e.V, Theodor-Echtermeyer-Weg 1, 14979, Großbeeren, Germany
| | - Péter Teszlák
- Research Institute of Viticulture and Oenology, University of Pécs, Pázmány Péter u. 4, 7624, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Susanne Tittmann
- Institute for General and Organic Viticulture, Geisenheim University, Von-Lade-Straße 1, 65366, Geisenheim, Germany
| | - Otmar Urban
- Global Change Research Institute CAS, v.v.i, Bělidla 4a, 60300, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Dolors Verdaguer
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, University of Girona, Av. Montilivi s/n, 17071, Girona, Spain
| | - Marcel A K Jansen
- School of Biological, Environmental and Earth Sciences, University College Cork, College Road, T23 TK30, Cork, Ireland
| | - Éva Hideg
- Department of Plant Biology, University of Pécs, Ifjúság u. 6, 7624, Pécs, Hungary
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18
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Zorenc Z, Veberic R, Koron D, Miosic S, Hutabarat OS, Halbwirth H, Mikulic-Petkovsek M. Polyphenol metabolism in differently colored cultivars of red currant (Ribes rubrum L.) through fruit ripening. PLANTA 2017; 246:217-226. [PMID: 28315000 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-017-2670-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2017] [Accepted: 02/25/2017] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Rare red currants colors caused by low anthocyanin content in the pink and a lack of anthocyanins in the white cultivar correlated with low ANS gene expression, enzyme activity, and increased sugar/acid ratios. Changes in the contents of polyphenols, sugars, and organic acids in berries of the three differently colored Ribes rubrum L. cultivars ('Jonkheer van Tets', 'Pink Champagne', and 'Zitavia') were determined by LC-MS and HPLC at 4 sampling times during the last month of fruit ripening. The activities of the main flavonoid enzymes, chalcone synthase/chalcone isomerase (CHS/CHI), flavanone 3-hydroxylase (FHT), and dihydroflavonol 4-reductase (DFR), and the expression of anthocyanidin synthase (ANS) were additionally measured. Despite many attempts, activities of flavonol synthase and glycosyltransferase did not show reliable results, the reason of which they could not be demonstrated in this study. The pink fruited cultivar 'Pink Champagne' showed generally lower enzyme activity than the red cultivar 'Jonkheer van Tets'. The white cultivar 'Zitavia' showed very low CHS/CHI activity and ANS expression and no FHT and DFR activities were detected. The DFR of R. rubrum L. clearly preferred dihydromyricetin as substrate although no 3',4',5'-hydroxylated anthocyanins were present. The anthocyanin content of the red cultivar slightly increased during the last three weeks of ripening and reached a maximum of 890 mg kg-1 FW. Contrary to this, the pink cultivar showed low accumulation of anthocyanins; however, in the last three weeks of ripening, their content increased from 14 to 105 mg kg-1 FW. Simultaneously, the content of polyphenols slightly decreased in all 3 cultivars, while the sugar/acid ratio increased. The white cultivar had no anthocyanins, but the sugar/acid ratios were the highest. In the white and pink cultivars, reduction/lack of anthocyanins was mainly compensated by increased relative concentrations of hydroxycinnamic acids and flavonols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zala Zorenc
- University of Ljubljana, Biotechnical Faculty, Department of Agronomy, Chair for Fruit, Wine and Vegetable Growing, Jamnikarjeva 101, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
| | - Robert Veberic
- University of Ljubljana, Biotechnical Faculty, Department of Agronomy, Chair for Fruit, Wine and Vegetable Growing, Jamnikarjeva 101, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Darinka Koron
- Agricultural Institute of Slovenia, Hacquetova ulica 17, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Silvija Miosic
- Institute of Chemical Engineering, Technical University of Vienna, Getreidemarkt 9, 1060, Vienna, Austria
| | - Olly Sanny Hutabarat
- Institute of Chemical Engineering, Technical University of Vienna, Getreidemarkt 9, 1060, Vienna, Austria
| | - Heidi Halbwirth
- Institute of Chemical Engineering, Technical University of Vienna, Getreidemarkt 9, 1060, Vienna, Austria
| | - Maja Mikulic-Petkovsek
- University of Ljubljana, Biotechnical Faculty, Department of Agronomy, Chair for Fruit, Wine and Vegetable Growing, Jamnikarjeva 101, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
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19
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Senica M, Stampar F, Veberic R, Mikulic-Petkovsek M. The higher the better? Differences in phenolics and cyanogenic glycosides in Sambucus nigra leaves, flowers and berries from different altitudes. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2017; 97:2623-2632. [PMID: 27734518 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.8085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2016] [Revised: 10/06/2016] [Accepted: 10/06/2016] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Elderberry (Sambucus nigra L.) possesses high antioxidant activity and has been used to treat numerous medicinal disorders. In addition to their antioxidant properties, elderberry parts accumulate toxic cyanogenic glycosides (CGG). It has been proven that altitude influences the biosynthesis of many secondary metabolites. In the present study we investigated the change of phenolics and CGG in elder leaves, flowers, and berries induced by different altitudes and locations. RESULTS The data indicate that the accumulation of CGG and phenolics is affected by the altitude of the growing site. An increase of anthocyanin content was recorded in elder berries collected at higher elevations in both locations. Fruit collected at the foothills of location 2 contained 3343 µg g-1 anthocyanins as opposed to fruit from the hilltop, which contained 7729 µg g-1 . Elder berries contained the lowest levels of harmful CGG compared to other analysed plant parts. However, more cyanogenic glycosides were always present in plant parts collected at the hilltop. Accordingly, berries accumulated 0.11 µg g-1 CGG at the foothills and 0.59 µg g-1 CGG at the hilltop. CONCLUSION Elder berries and flowers collected at the foothill were characterised by the lowest levels of both beneficial (phenolics) and harmful compounds (CGG) and are suitable for moderate consumption. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mateja Senica
- Chair for Fruit Growing, Viticulture and Vegetable Growing, Department of Agronomy, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Jamnikarjeva 101, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Franci Stampar
- Chair for Fruit Growing, Viticulture and Vegetable Growing, Department of Agronomy, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Jamnikarjeva 101, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Robert Veberic
- Chair for Fruit Growing, Viticulture and Vegetable Growing, Department of Agronomy, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Jamnikarjeva 101, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Maja Mikulic-Petkovsek
- Chair for Fruit Growing, Viticulture and Vegetable Growing, Department of Agronomy, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Jamnikarjeva 101, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
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20
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Yang J, Ou X, Zhang X, Zhou Z, Ma L. Effect of Different Solvents on the Measurement of Phenolics and the Antioxidant Activity of Mulberry (Morus atropurpureaRoxb.) with Accelerated Solvent Extraction. J Food Sci 2017; 82:605-612. [DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.13638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2016] [Revised: 01/02/2017] [Accepted: 01/02/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jiufang Yang
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering; China Agricultural Univ.; P. O. Box 301 Beijing 100083 China
| | - XiaoQun Ou
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering; China Agricultural Univ.; P. O. Box 301 Beijing 100083 China
| | - Xiaoxu Zhang
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering; China Agricultural Univ.; P. O. Box 301 Beijing 100083 China
| | - ZiYing Zhou
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering; China Agricultural Univ.; P. O. Box 301 Beijing 100083 China
- Supervision, Inspection & Testing Center of Agricultural Products Quality; Ministry of Agriculture; Beijing 100083 China
| | - LiYan Ma
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering; China Agricultural Univ.; P. O. Box 301 Beijing 100083 China
- Supervision, Inspection & Testing Center of Agricultural Products Quality; Ministry of Agriculture; Beijing 100083 China
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21
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Effects of latitude and weather conditions on proanthocyanidins in berries of Finnish wild and cultivated sea buckthorn (Hippophaë rhamnoides L. ssp. rhamnoides). Food Chem 2017; 216:87-96. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2016.08.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2016] [Revised: 08/09/2016] [Accepted: 08/10/2016] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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22
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Del-Castillo-Alonso MÁ, Castagna A, Csepregi K, Hideg É, Jakab G, Jansen MAK, Jug T, Llorens L, Mátai A, Martínez-Lüscher J, Monforte L, Neugart S, Olejnickova J, Ranieri A, Schödl-Hummel K, Schreiner M, Soriano G, Teszlák P, Tittmann S, Urban O, Verdaguer D, Zipoli G, Martínez-Abaigar J, Núñez-Olivera E. Environmental Factors Correlated with the Metabolite Profile of Vitis vinifera cv. Pinot Noir Berry Skins along a European Latitudinal Gradient. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2016; 64:8722-8734. [PMID: 27794599 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.6b03272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Mature berries of Pinot Noir grapevines were sampled across a latitudinal gradient in Europe, from southern Spain to central Germany. Our aim was to study the influence of latitude-dependent environmental factors on the metabolite composition (mainly phenolic compounds) of berry skins. Solar radiation variables were positively correlated with flavonols and flavanonols and, to a lesser extent, with stilbenes and cinnamic acids. The daily means of global and erythematic UV solar radiation over long periods (bud break-veraison, bud break-harvest, and veraison-harvest), and the doses and daily means in shorter development periods (5-10 days before veraison and harvest) were the variables best correlated with the phenolic profile. The ratio between trihydroxylated and monohydroxylated flavonols, which was positively correlated with antioxidant capacity, was the berry skin variable best correlated with those radiation variables. Total flavanols and total anthocyanins did not show any correlation with radiation variables. Air temperature, degree days, rainfall, and aridity indices showed fewer correlations with metabolite contents than radiation. Moreover, the latter correlations were restricted to the period veraison-harvest, where radiation, temperature, and water availability variables were correlated, making it difficult to separate the possible individual effects of each type of variable. The data show that managing environmental factors, in particular global and UV radiation, through cultural practices during specific development periods, can be useful to promote the synthesis of valuable nutraceuticals and metabolites that influence wine quality.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Antonella Castagna
- Department of Agriculture - Food and Environment, and Interdepartmental Research Center Nutrafood "Nutraceuticals and Food for Health", University of Pisa , via del Borghetto 80, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Kristóf Csepregi
- Institute of Biology, University of Pécs , Ifjúság u. 6, 7624 Pécs, Hungary
| | - Éva Hideg
- Institute of Biology, University of Pécs , Ifjúság u. 6, 7624 Pécs, Hungary
| | - Gabor Jakab
- Institute of Biology, University of Pécs , Ifjúság u. 6, 7624 Pécs, Hungary
- Research Institute for Viticulture and Oenology, University of Pécs , Pázmány P. u. 4, 7634 Pécs, Hungary
| | - Marcel A K Jansen
- School of Biological, Environmental and Earth Sciences, University College Cork , College Road, Cork, Ireland
| | - Tjaša Jug
- Agricultural and Forestry Institute of Nova Gorica , Pri hrastu 18, 5270 Nova Gorica, Slovenia
| | - Laura Llorens
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, University of Girona, Campus Montilivi , Maria Aurèlia Capmany i Farnés 69, 17003 Girona, Spain
| | - Anikó Mátai
- Institute of Biology, University of Pécs , Ifjúság u. 6, 7624 Pécs, Hungary
| | - Johann Martínez-Lüscher
- UMR 1287 EGFV, Bordeaux Sciences Agro, INRA, Université de Bordeaux, ISVV , 33882 Villenave d'Ornon, France
| | - Laura Monforte
- Faculty of Science and Technology, University of La Rioja , Madre de Dios 53, 26006 Logroño (La Rioja), Spain
| | - Susanne Neugart
- Department Plant Quality, Leibniz-Institute of Vegetable and Ornamental Crops Grossbeeren/Erfurt e.V. , Theodor-Echtermeyer-Weg 1, 14979 Grossbeeren, Germany
| | - Julie Olejnickova
- Global Change Research Institute CAS , v.v.i, Bělidla 986/4a, 60300 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Annamaria Ranieri
- Department of Agriculture - Food and Environment, and Interdepartmental Research Center Nutrafood "Nutraceuticals and Food for Health", University of Pisa , via del Borghetto 80, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Katharina Schödl-Hummel
- Department of Crop Sciences, BOKU - University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences , Konrad-Lorenz-Strasse 24, 3430 Tulln, Austria
| | - Monika Schreiner
- Department Plant Quality, Leibniz-Institute of Vegetable and Ornamental Crops Grossbeeren/Erfurt e.V. , Theodor-Echtermeyer-Weg 1, 14979 Grossbeeren, Germany
| | - Gonzalo Soriano
- Faculty of Science and Technology, University of La Rioja , Madre de Dios 53, 26006 Logroño (La Rioja), Spain
| | - Péter Teszlák
- Research Institute for Viticulture and Oenology, University of Pécs , Pázmány P. u. 4, 7634 Pécs, Hungary
| | - Susanne Tittmann
- Institute for General and Organic Viticulture, Geisenheim University , Von-Lade-Strasse 1, 65366 Geisenheim, Germany
| | - Otmar Urban
- Global Change Research Institute CAS , v.v.i, Bělidla 986/4a, 60300 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Dolors Verdaguer
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, University of Girona, Campus Montilivi , Maria Aurèlia Capmany i Farnés 69, 17003 Girona, Spain
| | - Gaetano Zipoli
- Institute of Biometeorology - National Research Council , Via Caproni 8, 50144 Firenze, Italy
| | - Javier Martínez-Abaigar
- Faculty of Science and Technology, University of La Rioja , Madre de Dios 53, 26006 Logroño (La Rioja), Spain
| | - Encarnación Núñez-Olivera
- Faculty of Science and Technology, University of La Rioja , Madre de Dios 53, 26006 Logroño (La Rioja), Spain
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23
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Zheng J, Kallio H, Yang B. Sea Buckthorn (Hippophaë rhamnoides ssp. rhamnoides) Berries in Nordic Environment: Compositional Response to Latitude and Weather Conditions. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2016; 64:5031-44. [PMID: 27215398 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.6b00682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Flavonol glycosides (FGs) in sea buckthorn (Hippophaë rhamnoides ssp. rhamnoides) berries of varieties 'Tytti' and 'Terhi', cultivated in northern Finland (68°02' N) for six years and southern Finland (60°23' N) for seven years, were investigated and compared by HPLC-DAD-ESI-MS/MS. The average total content of 23 identified glycosides of isorhamnetin and quercetin was 103 ± 23 and 110 ± 21 mg/100 g fresh berries in 'Terhi' and 'Tytti', respectively. The total contents of FGs, flavonol diglycosides, and triglycosides in both varieties were higher in the north than in the south, whereas total flavonol monoglycoside content behaved vice versa (p < 0.05). Among the 89 weather variables studied, the sum of the daily mean temperatures that are 5 °C or higher from the start of growth season until the day of harvest was the most important variable which associated negatively with the accumulation of FGs in berries. Such influence was much stronger in berries from the north than from the south.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Zheng
- Food Chemistry and Food Development, Department of Biochemistry, University of Turku , FI-20014 Turku, Finland
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Jinan University , 510632 Guangzhou, China
| | - Heikki Kallio
- Food Chemistry and Food Development, Department of Biochemistry, University of Turku , FI-20014 Turku, Finland
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Jinan University , 510632 Guangzhou, China
| | - Baoru Yang
- Food Chemistry and Food Development, Department of Biochemistry, University of Turku , FI-20014 Turku, Finland
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24
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Vuorinen AL, Kalpio M, Linderborg KM, Hoppula KB, Karhu ST, Yang B, Kallio HP. Triacylglycerol biosynthesis in developing Ribes nigrum and Ribes rubrum seeds from gene expression to oil composition. Food Chem 2016; 196:976-87. [PMID: 26593580 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2015.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2014] [Revised: 09/10/2015] [Accepted: 10/03/2015] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Oils with sufficient contents of fatty acids, which can be metabolized into precursors of anti-inflammatory eicosanoids, have potential health effects. Ribes sp. seed oil is rich in α-linolenic, γ-linolenic and stearidonic acids belonging to this fatty acid group. Only a few previous studies exist on Ribes sp. gene expression. We followed the seed oil biosynthesis of four Ribes nigrum and two Ribes rubrum cultivars at different developmental stages over 2 years in Southern and Northern Finland with a 686 km latitudinal difference. The species and the developmental stage were the most important factors causing differences in gene expression levels and oil composition. Differences between cultivars were detected in some cases, but year and location had only small effects. However, expression of the gene encoding Δ(9)-desaturase in R. nigrum was affected by location. Triacylglycerol biosynthesis in Ribes sp. was distinctly buffered and typically followed a certain path, regardless of growth environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anssi L Vuorinen
- Food Chemistry and Food Development, Department of Biochemistry, University of Turku, FI-20014 Turku, Finland.
| | - Marika Kalpio
- Food Chemistry and Food Development, Department of Biochemistry, University of Turku, FI-20014 Turku, Finland
| | - Kaisa M Linderborg
- Food Chemistry and Food Development, Department of Biochemistry, University of Turku, FI-20014 Turku, Finland
| | - Kati B Hoppula
- Natural Resources Institute Finland, FI-88600 Sotkamo, Finland
| | - Saila T Karhu
- Natural Resources Institute Finland, FI-21500 Piikkiö, Finland
| | - Baoru Yang
- Food Chemistry and Food Development, Department of Biochemistry, University of Turku, FI-20014 Turku, Finland; Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Faculty of Public Health, Peking University, No. 38 Xueyuan Rd, Haidian District, 100191 Beijing, China
| | - Heikki P Kallio
- Food Chemistry and Food Development, Department of Biochemistry, University of Turku, FI-20014 Turku, Finland; The Kevo Subarctic Research Institute, University of Turku, Turku FI-20014, Finland
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25
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High variability in flavonoid contents and composition between different North-European currant (Ribes spp.) varieties. Food Chem 2016; 204:14-20. [PMID: 26988470 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2016.02.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2015] [Revised: 01/22/2016] [Accepted: 02/09/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
This study provides information on the variation of anthocyanin and flavonol contents and composition in 32 black and 12 redcurrant varieties, as well as flavonol contents and composition in two green-fruited blackcurrant (green currant) and one white currant varieties conserved in a national ex situ germplasm field collection in Finland, North Europe. Flavonols were analysed as aglycones and anthocyanins as authentic compounds using HPLC methods. In blackcurrants, total anthocyanin content varied 1260-2878mg/100g dry weight and total flavonol content 43.6-89.9mg/100g dry weight. In redcurrants, the content of anthocyanins and flavonols varied 138-462mg/100g dry weight and from not detectable to 17.7mg/100g dry weight, respectively. The green currants contained flavonols 26.1 and 15.4mg/100g dry weight, while in the white variety no flavonols were detected. A positive correlation was found between the total content of anthocyanins and flavonols in both black and redcurrants. Berry size was negatively related to the flavonoid content in redcurrants but not in blackcurrants. The results revealed that some old varieties may be of particular interest when high contents or special composition of flavonoids are desired.
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26
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Woznicki TL, Aaby K, Sønsteby A, Heide OM, Wold AB, Remberg SF. Influence of Controlled Postflowering Temperature and Daylength on Individual Phenolic Compounds in Four Black Currant Cultivars. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2016; 64:752-61. [PMID: 26758764 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.5b05966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The effects of postflowering temperature and daylength on the concentration of individual phenolic compounds were studied in black currant (Ribes nigrum L.) berries under controlled phytotron conditions. The four cultivars studied varied greatly in their concentrations of individual phenolic compounds and temperature stability for accumulation. The concentrations of a wide range of identified phenolic compounds were strongly influenced by temperature over the 12-24 °C range, often with opposite temperature gradient patterns for compounds within the same subclass. Accumulation of anthocyanins and flavonols increased under natural long day conditions, which provided an increased daily light integral, while under identical light energy conditions, photoperiod had little or no effect on the concentration of phenolic compounds. Furthermore, with the exception of members of the hydroxycinnamic acid subclass, the concentration of most phenolic compounds was higher in berries ripened outdoors than in the phytotron, apparently due to screening of UV-B radiation by the glass cover.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomasz L Woznicki
- Department of Plant Sciences, Norwegian University of Life Sciences , NO-1432 Ås, Akershus, Norway
| | - Kjersti Aaby
- Nofima, Norwegian Institute of Food, Fisheries and Aquaculture Research , NO-1430 Ås, Akershus, Norway
| | - Anita Sønsteby
- NIBIO, Norwegian Institute for Bioeconomy Research , NO-1431 Ås, Akershus, Norway
| | - Ola M Heide
- Department of Ecology and Natural Resource Management, Norwegian University of Life Sciences , NO-1432 Ås, Akershus, Norway
| | - Anne-Berit Wold
- Department of Plant Sciences, Norwegian University of Life Sciences , NO-1432 Ås, Akershus, Norway
| | - Siv F Remberg
- Department of Plant Sciences, Norwegian University of Life Sciences , NO-1432 Ås, Akershus, Norway
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27
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Marin A, Ferreres F, Barberá GG, Gil MI. Weather variability influences color and phenolic content of pigmented baby leaf lettuces throughout the season. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2015; 63:1673-81. [PMID: 25650715 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.5b00120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The lack of consistency in homogeneous color throughout the season of pigmented baby leaf lettuce is a problem for growers because of the rejection of the product and consequently the economic loss. Changes in color as well as individual and total phenolic composition and content as a response to the climatic variables were studied following the analysis of three pigmented baby leaf lettuces over 16 consecutive weeks from February to May, which corresponded to the most important production season in winter in Europe. Color and phenolic content were significantly (P ≤ 0.001) affected by cultivar, harvest week, and climatic variables that occurred in the last week before harvest. Radiation and temperature showed positive correlations with the content of phenolic acids and flavonoids that increased in all three cultivars as the season progressed. Cyanidin-3-O-(6''-O-malonyl)-glucoside content showed positive correlations with temperature and radiation but only in Batavia cultivars whereas in red oak leaf the correlation was with cold temperatures. Regarding hue angle, a positive correlation was shown with the number of hours at temperatures lower than 7 °C. A relationship between hue angle and the content of anthocyanins was not possible to establish. These results suggest that the colorimetric measurement of color cannot be used as a good indicator of anthocyanin accumulation because other pigments such as chlorophylls and carotenoids may contribute as well to the leaf color of pigmented lettuce. This study provides information about the impact of genotype and environment interactions on the biosynthesis of phenolic compounds to explain the variability in the leaf color and product appearance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alicia Marin
- Quality, Safety and Bioactivity of Plant Foods Group, Food Science and Technology Department and ‡Soil and Water Conservation and Organic Waste Management Department, CEBAS-CSIC , P.O. Box 164, Espinardo, Murcia E-30100, Spain
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28
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The Impact of Harvesting, Storage and Processing Factors on Health-Promoting Phytochemicals in Berries and Fruits. Processes (Basel) 2014. [DOI: 10.3390/pr2030596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
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29
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Zoratti L, Karppinen K, Luengo Escobar A, Häggman H, Jaakola L. Light-controlled flavonoid biosynthesis in fruits. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2014; 5:534. [PMID: 25346743 PMCID: PMC4191440 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2014.00534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 213] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2014] [Accepted: 09/19/2014] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Light is one of the most important environmental factors affecting flavonoid biosynthesis in plants. The absolute dependency of light to the plant development has driven evolvement of sophisticated mechanisms to sense and transduce multiple aspects of the light signal. Light effects can be categorized in photoperiod (duration), intensity (quantity), direction and quality (wavelength) including UV-light. Recently, new information has been achieved on the regulation of light-controlled flavonoid biosynthesis in fruits, in which flavonoids have a major contribution on quality. This review focuses on the effects of the different light conditions on the control of flavonoid biosynthesis in fruit producing plants. An overview of the currently known mechanisms of the light-controlled flavonoid accumulation is provided. R2R3 MYB transcription factors are known to regulate by differential expression the biosynthesis of distinct flavonoids in response to specific light wavelengths. Despite recent advances, many gaps remain to be understood in the mechanisms of the transduction pathway of light-controlled flavonoid biosynthesis. A better knowledge on these regulatory mechanisms is likely to be useful for breeding programs aiming to modify fruit flavonoid pattern.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Zoratti
- Department of Biology, University of OuluOulu, Finland
| | | | - Ana Luengo Escobar
- Programa de Doctorado en Ciencias de Recursos Naturales, Universidad de la FronteraTemuco, Chile
| | - Hely Häggman
- Department of Biology, University of OuluOulu, Finland
| | - Laura Jaakola
- Climate laboratory Holt, Department of Arctic and Marine Biology, UiT The Arctic University of NorwayTromsø, Norway
- Norwegian Institute for Agricultural and Environmental Research, Bioforsk Nord HoltTromsø, Norway
- *Correspondence: Laura Jaakola, Climate laboratory Holt, Department of Arctic and Marine Biology, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Holtveien 62, NO-9037 Tromsø, Norway e-mail:
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30
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Zoratti L, Karppinen K, Luengo Escobar A, Häggman H, Jaakola L. Light-controlled flavonoid biosynthesis in fruits. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2014; 5:534. [PMID: 25346743 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2014.005341996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2014] [Accepted: 09/19/2014] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Light is one of the most important environmental factors affecting flavonoid biosynthesis in plants. The absolute dependency of light to the plant development has driven evolvement of sophisticated mechanisms to sense and transduce multiple aspects of the light signal. Light effects can be categorized in photoperiod (duration), intensity (quantity), direction and quality (wavelength) including UV-light. Recently, new information has been achieved on the regulation of light-controlled flavonoid biosynthesis in fruits, in which flavonoids have a major contribution on quality. This review focuses on the effects of the different light conditions on the control of flavonoid biosynthesis in fruit producing plants. An overview of the currently known mechanisms of the light-controlled flavonoid accumulation is provided. R2R3 MYB transcription factors are known to regulate by differential expression the biosynthesis of distinct flavonoids in response to specific light wavelengths. Despite recent advances, many gaps remain to be understood in the mechanisms of the transduction pathway of light-controlled flavonoid biosynthesis. A better knowledge on these regulatory mechanisms is likely to be useful for breeding programs aiming to modify fruit flavonoid pattern.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Zoratti
- Department of Biology, University of Oulu Oulu, Finland
| | | | - Ana Luengo Escobar
- Programa de Doctorado en Ciencias de Recursos Naturales, Universidad de la Frontera Temuco, Chile
| | - Hely Häggman
- Department of Biology, University of Oulu Oulu, Finland
| | - Laura Jaakola
- Climate laboratory Holt, Department of Arctic and Marine Biology, UiT The Arctic University of Norway Tromsø, Norway ; Norwegian Institute for Agricultural and Environmental Research, Bioforsk Nord Holt Tromsø, Norway
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