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Nandi S, Nag A, Khatua S, Sen S, Chakraborty N, Naskar A, Acharya K, Calina D, Sharifi-Rad J. Anticancer activity and other biomedical properties of β-sitosterol: Bridging phytochemistry and current pharmacological evidence for future translational approaches. Phytother Res 2024; 38:592-619. [PMID: 37929761 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.8061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Revised: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/15/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
Sterols, including β-sitosterol, are essential components of cellular membranes in both plant and animal cells. Despite being a major phytosterol in various plant materials, comprehensive scientific knowledge regarding the properties of β-sitosterol and its potential applications is essential for scholarly pursuits and utilization purposes. β-sitosterol shares similar chemical characteristics with cholesterol and exhibits several pharmacological activities without major toxicity. This study aims to bridge the gap between phytochemistry and current pharmacological evidence of β-sitosterol, focusing on its anticancer activity and other biomedical properties. The goal is to provide a comprehensive understanding of β-sitosterol's potential for future translational approaches. A thorough examination of the literature was conducted to gather relevant information on the biological properties of β-sitosterol, particularly its anticancer therapeutic potential. Various databases were searched, including PubMed/MedLine, Scopus, Google Scholar, and Web of Science using appropriate keywords. Studies investigating the effects of β-sitosterol on different types of cancer were analyzed, focusing on mechanisms of action, pharmacological screening, and chemosensitizing properties. Modern pharmacological screening studies have revealed the potential anticancer therapeutic properties of β-sitosterol against various types of cancer, including leukemia, lung, stomach, breast, colon, ovarian, and prostate cancer. β-sitosterol has demonstrated chemosensitizing effects on cancer cells, interfering with multiple cell signaling pathways involved in proliferation, cell cycle arrest, apoptosis, survival, metastasis invasion, angiogenesis, and inflammation. Structural derivatives of β-sitosterol have also shown anti-cancer effects. However, research in the field of drug delivery and the detailed mode of action of β-sitosterol-mediated anticancer activities remains limited. β-sitosterol, as a non-toxic compound with significant pharmacological potential, exhibits promising anticancer effects against various cancer types. Despite being relatively less potent than conventional cancer chemotherapeutics, β-sitosterol holds potential as a safe and effective nutraceutical against cancer. Further comprehensive studies are recommended to explore the biological properties of β-sitosterol, including its mode of action, and develop novel formulations for its potential use in cancer treatment. This review provides a foundation for future investigations and highlights the need for further research on β-sitosterol as a potent superfood in combating cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sudeshna Nandi
- Molecular and Applied Mycology and Plant Pathology Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of Calcutta, Kolkata, India
| | - Anish Nag
- Department of Life Sciences, CHRIST (Deemed to be University), Bangalore, India
| | - Somanjana Khatua
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, University of Allahabad, Prayagraj, India
| | - Surjit Sen
- Department of Botany, Fakir Chand College, Kolkata, India
| | | | - Arghya Naskar
- Molecular and Applied Mycology and Plant Pathology Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of Calcutta, Kolkata, India
| | - Krishnendu Acharya
- Molecular and Applied Mycology and Plant Pathology Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of Calcutta, Kolkata, India
| | - Daniela Calina
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, Craiova, Romania
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Yan C, Kwek E, Ding HF, He Z, Ma KY, Zhu H, Chen ZY. Dietary Oxidized Cholesterol Aggravates Chemically Induced Murine Colon Inflammation and Alters Gut Microbial Ecology. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2022; 70:13289-13301. [PMID: 36198042 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c05001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Western diet with a higher intake of fat and cholesterol has been claimed as an intestinal inflammation trigger. Human diet contains both cholesterol and oxidized cholesterol. Oxidized cholesterol has been claimed to be associated with various inflammation diseases, but its effects on colitis and gut microbiome remain largely unknown. The present study was the first time to investigate the effect of the oxidized cholesterol on gut microbiota and dextran sodium sulfate-induced colitis using mice as a model. The results showed that oxidized cholesterol promoted colitis by exacerbating bleeding, body weight decrease, colon shortening, gut barrier damage, oxidative stress, and gut inflammation, whereas non-oxidized cholesterol had no effect. Meanwhile, oxidized cholesterol could adversely modulate the gut microbiota by increasing the relative abundance of pro-inflammatory bacteria (including Escherichia-Shigella and Bacteroides) and decreasing that of beneficial bacteria (Lachnospiraceae_NK4A136_group and Odoribacter). In addition, oxidized cholesterol significantly reduced the production of fecal short-chain fatty acids in colitis mice. It was concluded that oxidized cholesterol was a potential dietary factor of gut dysbiosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi Yan
- Food and Nutritional Sciences Program, School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Erika Kwek
- Food and Nutritional Sciences Program, School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Hua-Fang Ding
- Food and Nutritional Sciences Program, School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Zouyan He
- Food and Nutritional Sciences Program, School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong 999077, China
- School of Public Health, Guanxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China
| | - Ka Ying Ma
- Food and Nutritional Sciences Program, School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Hanyue Zhu
- Food and Nutritional Sciences Program, School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong 999077, China
- School of Food Science and Engineering/South China Food Safety Research Center, Foshan University, Foshan 528000, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhen-Yu Chen
- Food and Nutritional Sciences Program, School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong 999077, China
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Song F, Chen J, Zheng A, Tian S. Effect of sterols on liposomes: Membrane characteristics and physicochemical changes during storage. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2022.113558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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4
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Akhter R, Masoodi F, Wani TA, Rather SA. Impact of microencapsulated natural antioxidants on the lipid profile and cholesterol oxidation of γ-irradiated meat emulsions. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2022.113155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Behaviour of Extractives in Norway Spruce ( Picea abies) Bark during Pile Storage. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27041186. [PMID: 35208976 PMCID: PMC8878638 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27041186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2022] [Revised: 02/04/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The current practices regarding the procurement chain of forest industry sidestreams, such as conifer bark, do not always lead to optimal conditions for preserving individual chemical compounds. This study investigates the standard way of storing bark in large piles in an open area. We mainly focus on the degradation of the most essential hydrophilic and hydrophobic extractives and carbohydrates. First, two large 450 m3 piles of bark from Norway spruce (Picea abies) were formed, one of which was covered with snow. The degradation of the bark extractives was monitored for 24 weeks. Samples were taken from the middle, side and top of the pile. Each sample was extracted at 120 °C with both n-hexane and water, and the extracts produced were then analysed chromatographically using gas chromatography with flame ionisation or mass selective detection and high-performance liquid chromatography. The carbohydrates were next analysed using acidic hydrolysis and acidic methanolysis, followed by chromatographic separation of the monosaccharides formed and their derivatives. The results showed that the most intensive degradation occurred during the first 4 weeks of storage. The levels of hydrophilic extractives were also found to decrease drastically (69% in normal pile and 73% in snow-covered pile) during storage, whereas the decrease in hydrophobic extractives was relatively stable (15% in normal pile and 8% in snow-covered pile). The top of the piles exhibited the most significant decrease in the total level of extractives (73% in normal and snow-covered pile), whereas the bark in the middle of the pile retained the highest amount of extractives (decreased by 51% in normal pile and 47% in snow-covered pile) after 24-week storage.
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Liu Y, Yang X, Xiao F, Jie F, Zhang Q, Liu Y, Xiao H, Lu B. Dietary cholesterol oxidation products: Perspectives linking food processing and storage with health implications. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2021; 21:738-779. [PMID: 34953101 DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.12880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Revised: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Dietary cholesterol oxidation products (COPs) are heterogeneous compounds formed during the processing and storage of cholesterol-rich foods, such as seafood, meat, eggs, and dairy products. With the increased intake of COPs-rich foods, the concern about health implications of dietary COPs is rising. Dietary COPs may exert deleterious effects on human health to induce several inflammatory diseases including atherosclerosis, neurodegenerative diseases, and inflammatory bowel diseases. Thus, knowledge regarding the effects of processing and storage conditions leading to formation of COPs is needed to reduce the levels of COPs in foods. Efficient methodologies to determine COPs in foods are also essential. More importantly, the biological roles of dietary COPs in human health and effects of phytochemicals on dietary COPs-induced diseases need to be established. This review summarizes the recent information on dietary COPs including their formation in foods during their processing and storage, analytical methods of determination of COPs, metabolic fate, implications for human health, and beneficial interventions by phytochemicals. The formation of COPs is largely dependent on the heating temperature, storage time, and food matrices. Alteration of food processing and storage conditions is one of the potent strategies to restrict hazardous dietary COPs from forming, including maintaining relatively low temperatures, shorter processing or storage time, and the appropriate addition of antioxidants. Once absorbed into the circulation, dietary COPs can contribute to the progression of several inflammatory diseases, where the absorbed dietary COPs may induce inflammation, apoptosis, and autophagy in cells in the target organs or tissues. Improved intake of phytochemicals may be an effective strategy to reduce the hazardous effects of dietary COPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Liu
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Key Laboratory for Agro-Products Nutritional Evaluation of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Postharvest Handling of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Zhejiang International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Health Food Manufacturing and Quality Control, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Fuli Institute of Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Ningbo Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Ningbo, China
| | - Xuan Yang
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Key Laboratory for Agro-Products Nutritional Evaluation of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Postharvest Handling of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Zhejiang International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Health Food Manufacturing and Quality Control, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Fuli Institute of Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Ningbo Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Ningbo, China
| | - Fan Xiao
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Key Laboratory for Agro-Products Nutritional Evaluation of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Postharvest Handling of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Zhejiang International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Health Food Manufacturing and Quality Control, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Fuli Institute of Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Ningbo Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Ningbo, China
| | - Fan Jie
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Key Laboratory for Agro-Products Nutritional Evaluation of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Postharvest Handling of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Zhejiang International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Health Food Manufacturing and Quality Control, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Fuli Institute of Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Ningbo Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Ningbo, China
| | - Qinjun Zhang
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Key Laboratory for Agro-Products Nutritional Evaluation of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Postharvest Handling of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Zhejiang International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Health Food Manufacturing and Quality Control, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Fuli Institute of Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Ningbo Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Ningbo, China
| | - Yuqi Liu
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Key Laboratory for Agro-Products Nutritional Evaluation of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Postharvest Handling of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Zhejiang International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Health Food Manufacturing and Quality Control, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Fuli Institute of Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Ningbo Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Ningbo, China
| | - Hang Xiao
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Key Laboratory for Agro-Products Nutritional Evaluation of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Postharvest Handling of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Zhejiang International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Health Food Manufacturing and Quality Control, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Baiyi Lu
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Key Laboratory for Agro-Products Nutritional Evaluation of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Postharvest Handling of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Zhejiang International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Health Food Manufacturing and Quality Control, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Fuli Institute of Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Ningbo Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Ningbo, China
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Follis RM, Tep C, Genaro-Mattos TC, Kim ML, Ryu JC, Morrison VE, Chan JR, Porter N, Carter BD, Yoon SO. Metabolic Control of Sensory Neuron Survival by the p75 Neurotrophin Receptor in Schwann Cells. J Neurosci 2021; 41:8710-8724. [PMID: 34507952 PMCID: PMC8528492 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.3243-20.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Revised: 08/28/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
We report that the neurotrophin receptor p75 contributes to sensory neuron survival through the regulation of cholesterol metabolism in Schwann cells. Selective deletion of p75 in mouse Schwann cells of either sex resulted in a 30% loss of dorsal root ganglia (DRG) neurons and diminished thermal sensitivity. P75 regulates Schwann cell cholesterol biosynthesis in response to BDNF, forming a co-receptor complex with ErbB2 and activating ErbB2-mediated stimulation of sterol regulatory element binding protein 2 (SREBP2), a master regulator of cholesterol synthesis. Schwann cells lacking p75 exhibited decreased activation of SREBP2 and a reduction in 7-dehydrocholesterol (7-DHC) reductase (DHCR7) expression, resulting in accumulation of the neurotoxic intermediate, 7-dehyrocholesterol in the sciatic nerve. Restoration of DHCR7 in p75 null Schwann cells in mice significantly attenuated DRG neuron loss. Together, these results reveal a mechanism by which the disruption of lipid metabolism in glial cells negatively influences sensory neuron survival, which has implications for a wide range of peripheral neuropathies.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Although expressed in Schwann cells, the role of p75 in myelination has remained unresolved in part because of its dual expression in sensory neurons that Schwann cells myelinate. When p75 was deleted selectively among Schwann cells, myelination was minimally affected, while sensory neuron survival was reduced by 30%. The phenotype is mainly due to dysregulation of cholesterol biosynthesis in p75-deficient Schwann cells, leading to an accumulation of neurotoxic cholesterol precursor, 7-dehydrocholesterol (7-DHC). Mechanism-wise, we discovered that in response to BDNF, p75 recruits and activates ErbB2 independently of ErbB3, thereby stimulating the master regulator, sterol regulatory element binding protein 2 (SREBP2). These results together highlight a novel role of p75 in Schwann cells in regulating DRG neuron survival by orchestrating proper cholesterol metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rose M Follis
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232
| | - Chhavy Tep
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Pharmacology, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Thiago C Genaro-Mattos
- Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University School of Arts and Sciences, Nashville, Tennessee 37232
| | - Mi Lyang Kim
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Pharmacology, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Jae Cheon Ryu
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Pharmacology, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Vivianne E Morrison
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232
| | - Jonah R Chan
- Department of Neurology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94158
| | - Ned Porter
- Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University School of Arts and Sciences, Nashville, Tennessee 37232
| | - Bruce D Carter
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232
| | - Sung Ok Yoon
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Pharmacology, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
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Gachumi G, Poudel A, Wasan KM, El-Aneed A. Analytical Strategies to Analyze the Oxidation Products of Phytosterols, and Formulation-Based Approaches to Reduce Their Generation. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13020268. [PMID: 33669349 PMCID: PMC7920278 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13020268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2021] [Revised: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Phytosterols are a class of lipid molecules present in plants that are structurally similar to cholesterol and have been widely utilized as cholesterol-lowering agents. However, the susceptibility of phytosterols to oxidation has led to concerns regarding their safety and tolerability. Phytosterol oxidation products (POPs) present in a variety of enriched and non-enriched foods can show pro-atherogenic and pro-inflammatory properties. Therefore, it is crucial to screen and analyze various phytosterol-containing products for the presence of POPs and ultimately design or modify phytosterols in such a way that prevents the generation of POPs and yet maintains their pharmacological activity. The main approaches for the analysis of POPs include the use of mass spectrometry (MS) linked to a suitable separation technique, notably gas chromatography (GC). However, liquid chromatography (LC)-MS has the potential to simplify the analysis due to the elimination of any derivatization step, usually required for GC-MS. To reduce the transformation of phytosterols to their oxidized counterparts, formulation strategies can theoretically be adopted, including the use of microemulsions, microcapsules, micelles, nanoparticles, and liposomes. In addition, co-formulation with antioxidants, such as tocopherols, may prove useful in substantially preventing POP generation. The main objectives of this review article are to evaluate the various analytical strategies that have been adopted for analyzing them. In addition, formulation approaches that can prevent the generation of these oxidation products are proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- George Gachumi
- Drug Discovery and Development Research Group, College of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E5, Canada; (G.G.); (A.P.)
| | - Asmita Poudel
- Drug Discovery and Development Research Group, College of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E5, Canada; (G.G.); (A.P.)
| | - Kishor M. Wasan
- iCo Therapeutics Inc., Vancouver, BC V6Z 2T3, Canada;
- Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
- Skymount Medical Group Inc., Calgary, AB T3C 0J8, Canada
| | - Anas El-Aneed
- Drug Discovery and Development Research Group, College of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E5, Canada; (G.G.); (A.P.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-306-966-2013
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9
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Li Y, Xie J, Li Y, Yang Y, Yang L. Literature data based systems pharmacology uncovers the essence of "body fire" in traditional Chinese medicine: A case by Huang-Lian-Jie-Du-Tang. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2019; 237:266-285. [PMID: 30922854 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2019.03.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2018] [Revised: 02/27/2019] [Accepted: 03/13/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY RELEVANCE Like other concepts in traditional Chinese medical theory, "body fire", a concept that has already been well-known and widely used in describing the symptoms and the treatment of corresponding diseases, is, however, still under suspicions in the western medicine due to its vague essence and symptoms. Presently, Huang-Lian-Jie-Du-Tang (HLJDT), a typical popular TCM formula in cleansing the "body fire", is studied as a probe by a systems pharmacology method we produced, with purpose to explore the mechanisms of the potion, as well as to interpret the essence of "body fire" disease. METHODS The systematic process includes a pharmacokinetics prescreening, pharmacodynamics targets and pathways identification, and candidate-target-pathway network construction. RESULTS Through this method, 145 chemicals and 91 proteins are identified as active ingredients and "body fire"-related targets. And we find that the mechanism of HLJDT prescription for cleansing "body fire" lies in three, i.e., anti-OS/NS, anti-inflammation and anti-infection function modules, which are mainly executed through four, i.e., PI3K-AKT, MAPK, VEGF as well as Calcium signaling pathways. CONCLUSIONS Accordingly, the essence of "body fire" is a gradual process which is an integration of OS/NS, inflammation and infection. This work, we hope, may not only offer a systemic methodology for exploring and elucidating TCM concepts from a multi-scale perspective, but also provide an efficient way for herbal drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Li
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (MOE), Faculty of Chemical, Environmental and Biological Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, Liaoning, 116024, PR China.
| | - Jing Xie
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (MOE), Faculty of Chemical, Environmental and Biological Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, Liaoning, 116024, PR China.
| | - Yaying Li
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (MOE), Faculty of Chemical, Environmental and Biological Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, Liaoning, 116024, PR China.
| | - Yinfeng Yang
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (MOE), Faculty of Chemical, Environmental and Biological Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, Liaoning, 116024, PR China
| | - Ling Yang
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China.
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de Oliveira VS, Ferreira FS, Cople MCR, Labre TDS, Augusta IM, Gamallo OD, Saldanha T. Use of Natural Antioxidants in the Inhibition of Cholesterol Oxidation: A Review. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2018; 17:1465-1483. [DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.12386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2018] [Revised: 05/07/2018] [Accepted: 09/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Sales de Oliveira
- Dept. of Food Technology, Inst. of Technology; Univ. Federal Rural of Rio de Janeiro (UFRRJ); Rodovia Br 465, km 7 Seropédica RJ 23890-000 Brazil
| | - Fernanda Silva Ferreira
- Dept. of Food Technology, Inst. of Technology; Univ. Federal Rural of Rio de Janeiro (UFRRJ); Rodovia Br 465, km 7 Seropédica RJ 23890-000 Brazil
| | - Maria Clara Ramos Cople
- Dept. of Food Technology, Inst. of Technology; Univ. Federal Rural of Rio de Janeiro (UFRRJ); Rodovia Br 465, km 7 Seropédica RJ 23890-000 Brazil
| | - Tatiana da Silva Labre
- Dept. of Food Technology, Inst. of Technology; Univ. Federal Rural of Rio de Janeiro (UFRRJ); Rodovia Br 465, km 7 Seropédica RJ 23890-000 Brazil
| | - Ivanilda Maria Augusta
- Dept. of Food Technology, Inst. of Technology; Univ. Federal Rural of Rio de Janeiro (UFRRJ); Rodovia Br 465, km 7 Seropédica RJ 23890-000 Brazil
| | - Ormindo Domingues Gamallo
- Dept. of Food Technology, Inst. of Technology; Univ. Federal Rural of Rio de Janeiro (UFRRJ); Rodovia Br 465, km 7 Seropédica RJ 23890-000 Brazil
| | - Tatiana Saldanha
- Dept. of Food Technology, Inst. of Technology; Univ. Federal Rural of Rio de Janeiro (UFRRJ); Rodovia Br 465, km 7 Seropédica RJ 23890-000 Brazil
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Dorado Achicanoy D, Hurtado Benavides A, Martínez-Correa HA. Study of supercritical CO 2 extraction of tamarillo (Cyphomandra Betacea) seed oil containing high added value compounds. Electrophoresis 2018; 39:1917-1925. [PMID: 29660149 DOI: 10.1002/elps.201700430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2017] [Revised: 03/23/2018] [Accepted: 04/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
In the present investigation, the extraction of tamarillo seed oil was conducted using supercritical carbon dioxide (SC-CO2), under different conditions of pressure (20-38.1 MPa) and temperature (40-64°C). In order to determine the effect that these extraction parameters have over the yield and composition of the oil, a central composite design was used. The optimum yield was 21.07% obtained at 38.1 MPa and 64°C. The fatty acids of the tamarillo seed oil obtained with SC-CO2 were identified: linoleic (70.12%), oleic (16.18%), palmitic (9.68%), stearic (2.12%), linolenic (1.70%), and palmitoleic (0.23%). Other components, such as squalene (2.96-19.75 mg/mL), β-sitosterol (2.05-3.68 mg/mL), cycloartenol (1,23-2.81 mg/mL) dihydrolanosterol (0.28-0.70 mg/mL) sterols and γ-tocopherol (0.89-2.10 mg/mL) were also noted. The extraction kinetic was studied at 27.5 MPa -50°C and 38.1 MPa -64°C. The semi-empirical model of Sovová et al. [24] described 99.21% of the experimental behavior of extraction kinetics. High yields of tamarillo seed oil, as well as its unique composition of unsaturated fatty acids and minor components, show the potential for its application in the food, cosmetic, and pharmaceutical industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Dorado Achicanoy
- Emerging Technologies in Agroindustry Research Group (TEA), Agroindustrial Engineering Faculty, Universidad de Nariño, Pasto, Colombia
| | - Andrés Hurtado Benavides
- Emerging Technologies in Agroindustry Research Group (TEA), Agroindustrial Engineering Faculty, Universidad de Nariño, Pasto, Colombia
| | - Hugo A Martínez-Correa
- Universidad Nacional de Colombia-sede Palmira-Departamento de Ingeniería-Palmira-Colombia
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Barriuso B, Ansorena D, Astiasarán I. Oxysterols formation: A review of a multifactorial process. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2017; 169:39-45. [PMID: 26921766 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2016.02.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2015] [Revised: 02/19/2016] [Accepted: 02/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Dietary sterols are nutritionally interesting compounds which can suffer oxidation reactions. In the case of plant sterols, they are being widely used for food enrichment due to their hypocholesterolemic properties. Besides, cholesterol and plant sterols oxidation products are associated with the development of cardiovascular and neurodegenerative diseases, among others. Therefore, the evaluation of the particular factors affecting sterol degradation and oxysterols formation in foods is of major importance. The present work summarizes the main results obtained in experiments which aimed to study four aspects in this context: the effect of the heating treatment, the unsaturation degree of the surrounding lipids, the presence of antioxidants on sterols degradation, and at last, oxides formation. The use of model systems allowed the isolation of some of these effects resulting in more accurate data. Thus, these results could be applied in real conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Blanca Barriuso
- Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Navarra, C/Irunlarrea s/n, IDISNA- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain.
| | - Diana Ansorena
- Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Navarra, C/Irunlarrea s/n, IDISNA- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain.
| | - Iciar Astiasarán
- Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Navarra, C/Irunlarrea s/n, IDISNA- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain.
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Tarvainen M, Quirin KW, Kallio H, Yang B. CO 2 Plant Extracts Reduce Cholesterol Oxidation in Fish Patties during Cooking and Storage. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2016; 64:9653-9662. [PMID: 27977183 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.6b03655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Cholesterol oxidation products (COPs) in foods may pose risks for human health. Suitable antioxidants can reduce the formation of COPs in industrial products. Consumer awareness of food additives has brought a need for more natural alternatives. This is the first study on the effects of supercritical CO2 extracts of rosemary, oregano, and an antimicrobial blend of seven herbs, tested at two levels (1 and 3 g/kg fish), against cholesterol oxidation in patties made of a widely consumed fish species, Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar), during baking and storage. Cholesterol oxidation was reduced by the extracts as indicated by lowered levels of 7α-hydroxycholesterol, 7β-hydroxycholesterol, and 7-ketocholesterol, which were quantified by GC-MS. The total amount of COPs was smaller in all of the cooked samples containing the plant extracts (<1 μg/g extracted fat) than in the cooked control (14 μg/g). Furthermore, the plant extracts exhibited protective effects also during cold storage for up to 14 days.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marko Tarvainen
- Food Chemistry and Food Development, Department of Biochemistry, University of Turku , FI-20014 Turku, Finland
| | - Karl-Werner Quirin
- Flavex Naturextrakte GmbH , Nordstraße 7, 66780 Rehlingen-Siersburg, Germany
| | - Heikki Kallio
- Food Chemistry and Food Development, Department of Biochemistry, University of Turku , FI-20014 Turku, Finland
| | - Baoru Yang
- Food Chemistry and Food Development, Department of Biochemistry, University of Turku , FI-20014 Turku, Finland
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Jinan University , 510632, Guangzhou, China
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Bin Sayeed MS, Karim SMR, Sharmin T, Morshed MM. Critical Analysis on Characterization, Systemic Effect, and Therapeutic Potential of Beta-Sitosterol: A Plant-Derived Orphan Phytosterol. MEDICINES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2016; 3:E29. [PMID: 28930139 PMCID: PMC5456237 DOI: 10.3390/medicines3040029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2016] [Revised: 10/27/2016] [Accepted: 11/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Beta-sitosterol (BS) is a phytosterol, widely distributed throughout the plant kingdom and known to be involved in the stabilization of cell membranes. To compile the sources, physical and chemical properties, spectral and chromatographic analytical methods, synthesis, systemic effects, pharmacokinetics, therapeutic potentials, toxicity, drug delivery and finally, to suggest future research with BS, classical as well as on-line literature were studied. Classical literature includes classical books on ethnomedicine and phytochemistry, and the electronic search included Pubmed, SciFinder, Scopus, the Web of Science, Google Scholar, and others. BS could be obtained from different plants, but the total biosynthetic pathway, as well as its exact physiological and structural function in plants, have not been fully understood. Different pharmacological effects have been studied, but most of the mechanisms of action have not been studied in detail. Clinical trials with BS have shown beneficial effects in different diseases, but long-term study results are not available. These have contributed to its current status as an "orphan phytosterol". Therefore, extensive research regarding its effect at cellular and molecular level in humans as well as addressing the claims made by commercial manufacturers such as the cholesterol lowering ability, immunological activity etc. are highly recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Selim Muhammad Rezaul Karim
- Department of Pharmacy, Daffodil International University, Dhaka-1207, Bangladesh.
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Dhaka, Dhaka-1000, Bangladesh.
| | - Tasnuva Sharmin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Dhaka, Dhaka-1000, Bangladesh.
| | - Mohammed Monzur Morshed
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular, Biology, University of Dhaka, Dhaka-1000, Bangladesh.
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Brzeska M, Szymczyk K, Szterk A. Current Knowledge about Oxysterols: A Review. J Food Sci 2016; 81:R2299-R2308. [PMID: 27561087 DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.13423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2016] [Revised: 06/30/2016] [Accepted: 07/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
For years food consumers have been warned that a cholesterol-rich diet may result in atherosclerosis. It is also well known that consumption of large amounts of phytosterols decreases concentration of low-density lipoproteins (LDLs) in blood (LDLs are regarded a key risk factor in development of cardiovascular diseases). However, no scientific evidence has unambiguously proved any direct connection between amount of consumed cholesterol and LDL level in blood. On the other hand, concentration of cholesterol oxidation products, oxysterols, seems to be indeed relevant; for example, they significantly impact appearance of atherosclerotic lesions (plaques). Phytosterols (like sitosterol or campasterol) decrease LDL level in blood, but on the other hand products of their oxidation are toxic. Therefore, it is worth to know influence of phytosterols on living organisms, processes which lead to their formation, and their levels in popular foodstuffs. This paper is an attempt to review literature data on the above aspects, as well as on impact on living organisms of oxidation products of popular sterols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Brzeska
- Dept. of Food Analysis, The Wacław Dąbrowski Inst. of Agricultural and Food Biotechnology, Rakowiecka 36, 02-532, Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Krystyna Szymczyk
- Dept. of Food Analysis, The Wacław Dąbrowski Inst. of Agricultural and Food Biotechnology, Rakowiecka 36, 02-532, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Arkadiusz Szterk
- National Medicines Inst, Dept. of Spectrometric Methods, 30/40 Chełmska, 00-725, Warsaw, Poland
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Barriuso B, Astiasarán I, Ansorena D. Unsaturated lipid matrices protect plant sterols from degradation during heating treatment. Food Chem 2016; 196:451-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2015.09.074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2015] [Revised: 08/20/2015] [Accepted: 09/21/2015] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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17
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Xu G, Liu D, Zhao G, Chen S, Wang J, Ye X. Effect of Eleven Antioxidants in Inhibiting Thermal Oxidation of Cholesterol. J AM OIL CHEM SOC 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s11746-015-2757-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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18
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Barriuso B, Mariutti LRB, Ansorena D, Astiasarán I, Bragagnolo N. Solanum sessiliflorum(mana-cubiu) antioxidant protective effect toward cholesterol oxidation: Influence of docosahexaenoic acid. EUR J LIPID SCI TECH 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ejlt.201500285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Blanca Barriuso
- Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy; University of Navarra, C/Irunlarrea s/n, IDISNA-Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra; Pamplona Spain
| | - Lilian Regina Barros Mariutti
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Food Engineering; University of Campinas, Rua Monteiro Lobato 80; Campinas (São Paulo) Brazil
| | - Diana Ansorena
- Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy; University of Navarra, C/Irunlarrea s/n, IDISNA-Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra; Pamplona Spain
| | - Iciar Astiasarán
- Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy; University of Navarra, C/Irunlarrea s/n, IDISNA-Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra; Pamplona Spain
| | - Neura Bragagnolo
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Food Engineering; University of Campinas, Rua Monteiro Lobato 80; Campinas (São Paulo) Brazil
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Barriuso B, Ansorena D, Poyato C, Astiasarán I. Cholesterol and stigmasterol within a sunflower oil matrix: Thermal degradation and oxysterols formation. Steroids 2015; 99:155-60. [PMID: 25697057 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2015.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2014] [Revised: 01/31/2015] [Accepted: 02/07/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The characteristics of the lipid matrix surrounding sterols exert a great influence in their thermal oxidation process. The objective of this work was to assess the oxidation susceptibility of equal amounts of cholesterol and stigmasterol within a sunflower oil lipid matrix (ratio 1:1:200) during heating (180°C, 0-180min). Remaining percentage of sterols was determined and seven sterol oxidation products (SOPs) were analysed for each type of sterol along the heating treatment. Evolution of the fatty acid profile and vitamin E content of the oil was also studied. Overall oxidation status of the model system was assessed by means of Peroxides Value (PV) and TBARS. PV remained constant from 30min onwards and TBARS continued increasing along the whole heating treatment. Degradation of both cholesterol and stigmasterol fitted a first order curve (R(2)=0.937 and 0.883, respectively), with very similar degradation constants (0.004min(-1) and 0.005min(-1), respectively). However, higher concentrations of oxidation products were found from cholesterol (79μg/mg) than from stigmasterol (53μg/mg) at the end of the heating treatment. Profile of individual oxidation products was similar for both sterols, except for the fact that no 25-hydroxystigmasterol was detected. 7α-Hydroxy and 7-keto-derivatives were the most abundant SOPs at the end of the treatment. PUFA and vitamin E suffered a significant degradation along the process, which was correlated to sterols oxidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Blanca Barriuso
- Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Navarra, C/Irunlarrea s/n, 31008 Pamplona, Spain.
| | - Diana Ansorena
- Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Navarra, C/Irunlarrea s/n, 31008 Pamplona, Spain.
| | - Candelaria Poyato
- Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Navarra, C/Irunlarrea s/n, 31008 Pamplona, Spain.
| | - Iciar Astiasarán
- Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Navarra, C/Irunlarrea s/n, 31008 Pamplona, Spain.
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Leal-Castañeda EJ, Inchingolo R, Cardenia V, Hernandez-Becerra JA, Romani S, Rodriguez-Estrada MT, Galindo HSG. Effect of Microwave Heating on Phytosterol Oxidation. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2015; 63:5539-5547. [PMID: 25973984 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.5b00961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The oxidative stability of phytosterols during microwave heating was evaluated. Two different model systems (a solid film made with a phytosterol mixture (PSF) and a liquid mixture of phytosterols and triolein (1:100, PS + TAG (triacylglycerol))) were heated for 1.5, 3, 6, 12, 20, and 30 min at 1000 W. PS degraded faster when they were microwaved alone than in the presence of TAG, following a first-order kinetic model. Up to 6 min, no phytosterol oxidation products (POPs) were generated in both systems. At 12 min of heating, the POP content reached a higher level in PSF (90.96 μg/mg of phytosterols) than in PS + TAG (22.66 μg/mg of phytosterols), but after 30 min of treatment, the opposite trend was observed. 7-Keto derivates were the most abundant POPs in both systems. The extent of phytosterol degradation depends on both the heating time and the surrounding medium, which can impact the quality and safety of the food product destined to microwave heating/cooking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Everth Jimena Leal-Castañeda
- †Unidad de Investigación y Desarrollo de Alimentos, Instituto Tecnológico de Veracruz, M.A. de Quevedo 2779, Colonia Formando Hogar, Veracruz 91897, México
| | - Raffaella Inchingolo
- ‡Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum-Università di Bologna, Viale G. Fanin 40, 40127 Bologna, Italy
| | | | - Josafat Alberto Hernandez-Becerra
- ⊥División de Tecnología de Alimentos, Universidad Tecnológica de Tabasco, Kilómetro 14.6 Carretera Villahermosa-Teapa, Villahermosa, Tabasco 86280, México
| | | | - María Teresa Rodriguez-Estrada
- ‡Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum-Università di Bologna, Viale G. Fanin 40, 40127 Bologna, Italy
| | - Hugo Sergio García Galindo
- †Unidad de Investigación y Desarrollo de Alimentos, Instituto Tecnológico de Veracruz, M.A. de Quevedo 2779, Colonia Formando Hogar, Veracruz 91897, México
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21
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Medina ME, Galano A, Trigos Á. Theoretical study on the oxidative damage to cholesterol induced by peroxyl radicals. J PHYS ORG CHEM 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/poc.3449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Manuel E. Medina
- Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas; Universidad Veracruzana; Av. Luis Castelazo s/n, Col. Industrial Animas Xalapa Veracruz 91190 Mexico
| | - Annia Galano
- Departamento de Química, División de Ciencias Básica e Ingeniería; Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa; Av. San Rafael Atlixco No. 186, Col. Vicentina México D. F. 09340 Mexico
| | - Ángel Trigos
- Laboratorio de Alta Tecnología de Xalapa; Universidad Veracruzana; Calle Médicos 5, Col. Unidad del Bosque Xalapa Veracruz 91010 Mexico
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22
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Barriuso B, Ansorena D, Calvo MI, Cavero RY, Astiasarán I. Role of Melissa officinalis in cholesterol oxidation: Antioxidant effect in model systems and application in beef patties. Food Res Int 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2014.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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23
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Vitamin E dietary supplementation improves neurological symptoms and decreases c-Abl/p73 activation in Niemann-Pick C mice. Nutrients 2014; 6:3000-17. [PMID: 25079853 PMCID: PMC4145291 DOI: 10.3390/nu6083000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2014] [Revised: 07/16/2014] [Accepted: 07/18/2014] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Niemann-Pick C (NPC) disease is a fatal neurodegenerative disorder characterized by the accumulation of free cholesterol in lysosomes. We have previously reported that oxidative stress is the main upstream stimulus activating the proapoptotic c-Abl/p73 pathway in NPC neurons. We have also observed accumulation of vitamin E in NPC lysosomes, which could lead to a potential decrease of its bioavailability. Our aim was to determine if dietary vitamin E supplementation could improve NPC disease in mice. NPC mice received an alpha-tocopherol (α-TOH) supplemented diet and neurological symptoms, survival, Purkinje cell loss, α-TOH and nitrotyrosine levels, astrogliosis, and the c-Abl/p73 pathway functions were evaluated. In addition, the effect of α-TOH on the c-Abl/p73 pathway was evaluated in an in vitro NPC neuron model. The α-TOH rich diet delayed loss of weight, improved coordination and locomotor function and increased the survival of NPC mice. We found increased Purkinje neurons and α-TOH levels and reduced astrogliosis, nitrotyrosine and phosphorylated p73 in cerebellum. A decrease of c-Abl/p73 activation was also observed in the in vitro NPC neurons treated with α-TOH. In conclusion, our results show that vitamin E can delay neurodegeneration in NPC mice and suggest that its supplementation in the diet could be useful for the treatment of NPC patients.
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Ansorena D, Barriuso B, Cardenia V, Astiasarán I, Lercker G, Rodriguez-Estrada MT. Thermo-oxidation of cholesterol: Effect of the unsaturation degree of the lipid matrix. Food Chem 2013; 141:2757-64. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2013.04.129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2012] [Revised: 03/18/2013] [Accepted: 04/30/2013] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Poirot M, Silvente-Poirot S. Cholesterol-5,6-epoxides: Chemistry, biochemistry, metabolic fate and cancer. Biochimie 2013; 95:622-31. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2012.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2012] [Accepted: 05/08/2012] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
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27
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Yang C, Chen ZY, Wong SL, Liu J, Liang YT, Lau CW, Lee HK, Huang Y, Tsang SY. β-Sitosterol oxidation products attenuate vasorelaxation by increasing reactive oxygen species and cyclooxygenase-2. Cardiovasc Res 2012; 97:520-32. [DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvs370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Racicot K, Craven A, Chen CYO. Bleaching augments lipid peroxidation products in pistachio oil and its cytotoxicity. EUR J LIPID SCI TECH 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/ejlt.201100403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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29
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Barriuso B, Otaegui-Arrazola A, Menéndez-Carreño M, Astiasarán I, Ansorena D. Sterols heating: Degradation and formation of their ring-structure polar oxidation products. Food Chem 2012; 135:706-12. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2012.05.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2012] [Revised: 03/30/2012] [Accepted: 05/02/2012] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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31
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Calderón-Santiago M, Peralbo-Molina Á, Priego-Capote F, Luque de Castro MD. Cholesterol oxidation products in milk: Processing formation and determination. EUR J LIPID SCI TECH 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/ejlt.201100139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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32
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González-Larena M, Cilla A, García-Llatas G, Barberá R, Lagarda MJ. Plant sterols and antioxidant parameters in enriched beverages: storage stability. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2012; 60:4725-4734. [PMID: 22509888 DOI: 10.1021/jf3002679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Plant sterols (PS) stability, antioxidant parameters, and color were studied during 6 months of storage at 4, 24, and 37 °C in three PS-enriched functional beverages. Beverages were skimmed milk with fruit juice and PS (MFJPS), fruit juice and PS (FJPS), and skimmed milk with PS (MPS). No loss in total PS content occurred during storage observing the same values at any given storage time point. Total carotenoids decreased 36% with storage at two months and then remained stable. Total polyphenols showed fluctuations throughout the storage, remaining stable at 6 months and reaching initial values. The antioxidant capacity (TEAC method) increased 18% at 6 months, and there was an increase in color over time and temperature, probably due to Maillard reaction compound formation. The increase in total antioxidant capacity might have helped PS maintenance throughout storage, these beverages being a good PS source even after 6 months of storage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina González-Larena
- Nutrition and Food Science Area, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Valencia, Avda. Vicente Andrés Estellés s/n, 46100-Burjassot, Valencia, Spain
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Antimicrobial properties, antioxidant activity and cytotoxicity of ethanol-soluble acidic components from Ganoderma atrum. Food Chem Toxicol 2012; 50:689-94. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2011.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2011] [Revised: 11/15/2011] [Accepted: 12/08/2011] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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34
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Li WJ, Nie SP, Peng XP, Liu XZ, Li C, Chen Y, Li JE, Song WR, Xie MY. Ganoderma atrum polysaccharide improves age-related oxidative stress and immune impairment in mice. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2012; 60:1413-1418. [PMID: 22264032 DOI: 10.1021/jf204748a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to investigate whether oxidative stress and immune dysfunction could be attenuated by Ganoderma atrum polysaccharide (PSG-1) in d-galactose (d-gal)-induced aging mice, and provide evidence for its effects. The results showed that PSG-1 significantly decreased lipid peroxidation in liver, brain, and spleen, but concomitantly increased the activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase compared with the d-gal group. Elevation of glutathione contents and attenuation of glutathione disulfide contents were also found in PSG-1-treated animals. Furthermore, the results showed that PSG-1 treatment increased basal lymphocyte proliferation as well as T cell and B cell proliferation and enhanced interleukin-2 production. Taken together, the results suggested that PSG-1 had potential as a novel agent to promote health and improve aging-associated pathologies, at least in part, via modification of the redox system and improvement of immune function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Juan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, No. 235 Nanjing East Road, Nanchang 330047, China
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35
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Effect of phytosterols and their oxidation products on lipoprotein profiles and vascular function in hamster fed a high cholesterol diet. Atherosclerosis 2011; 219:124-33. [PMID: 21719014 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2011.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2011] [Revised: 05/23/2011] [Accepted: 06/02/2011] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Human diets contain phytosterols and their oxidation products. We investigated effect of β-sitosterol (Si), stigmasterol (St), β-sitosterol oxidation products (SiOP) and stigmasterol oxidation products (StOP) on plasma total cholesterol and their interaction with the gene expression of enzymes, proteins and transporters involved in cholesterol absorption and metabolism. Sixty male hamsters were fed the control diet or one of four experimental diets containing 0.1% Si, 0.1% SiOP, 0.1% St and 0.1% StOP, respectively, for six weeks. SiOP and StOP groups had the relative liver weights greater than their corresponding non-oxidized forms, indicating they were possibly toxic. Results showed both Si and St groups reduced while SiOP and StOP hamsters lost the capacity of lowering plasma total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL) and triacylglycerols (TG) compared with the control group. Si and St but not SiOP and StOP were anti-atherosclerotic. RT-PCR analysis demonstrated Si and St but not SiOP and StOP down-regulated mRNA levels of intestinal acyl CoA: cholesterol acyltransferase (ACAT2) and microsomal triglyceride protein (MTP). Aortas from Si and St hamsters relaxed better than those from the control and their corresponding SiOP and StOP-treated hamsters. It was concluded that Si and St not SiOP and StOP were beneficial in improving lipoprotein profile and aortic function.
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36
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Current and new insights on phytosterol oxides in plant sterol-enriched food. Chem Phys Lipids 2011; 164:607-24. [PMID: 21699886 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphyslip.2011.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 147] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2011] [Revised: 06/05/2011] [Accepted: 06/06/2011] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Over the past 15 years, plant sterol-enriched foods have faced a great increase in the market, due to the asserted cholesterol-lowering effect of plant sterols. However, owing to their chemical structures, plant sterols can oxidize and produce a wide variety of oxidation products with controversial biological effects. Although oxyphytosterols can derive from dietary sources and endogenous formation, their single contribution should be better defined. The following review provides an overall and critical picture on the current knowledge and future perspectives of plant sterols-enriched food, particularly focused on occurrence of plant sterol oxidation products and their biological effects. The final objective of this overview is to evince the different aspects of plant sterols-enriched food that require further research, for a better understanding of the influence of plant sterols and their oxides on consumers' health.
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Li W, Nie S, Chen Y, Wang Y, Li C, Xie M. Enhancement of cyclophosphamide-induced antitumor effect by a novel polysaccharide from Ganoderma atrum in sarcoma 180-bearing mice. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2011; 59:3707-3716. [PMID: 21381781 DOI: 10.1021/jf1049497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the enhancement of Ganoderma atrum polysaccharide (PSG-1) on cyclophosphamide (CTX)-induced antitumor effect in sarcoma 180 (S-180)-bearing mice. Results showed that both CTX and PSG-1 delayed tumor growth and resulted in tumor apoptosis. The combined regimen was superior to either modality alone. Moreover, the combined treatment-induced apoptosis was mediated via mitochondrial pathway, as evidenced by alterations of Bcl-2 family proteins, loss of mitochondrial membrane potential (Δψ(m)), cytochrome c release, and caspases activation. Our results also showed that thymus and spleen indexes, lymphocytes proliferation, and concentrations of cytokine in the CTX group were decreased, which were alleviated by PSG-1. Additionally, the combined treatment ameliorated oxidative stress as compared with CTX alone. Taken together, we conclude that PSG-1 improved the antitumor effect of CTX, possibly in part mediated by enhancing the induction of apoptosis via mitochondrial pathways, activating host immune function, and modifying the redox system in S-180-bearing mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjuan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
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Li WJ, Chen Y, Nie SP, Xie MY, He M, Zhang SS, Zhu KX. Ganoderma atrum polysaccharide induces anti-tumor activity via the mitochondrial apoptotic pathway related to activation of host immune response. J Cell Biochem 2011; 112:860-71. [DOI: 10.1002/jcb.22993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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7-Ketocholesterol and 7-hydroxycholesterol in pork meat and its gravy thermally treated without additives and in the presence of onion and garlic. Meat Sci 2010; 86:976-84. [DOI: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2010.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2009] [Revised: 08/04/2010] [Accepted: 08/09/2010] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Chen LJ, Lu YF, Chien JT, Chen BH. Formation and inhibition of cholesterol oxidation products in tea-leaf eggs during marinating. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2010; 58:10467-10474. [PMID: 20828157 DOI: 10.1021/jf102487j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
The objectives of this study were to develop a GC-MS method for determination of cholesterol oxidation products (COPs) in tea-leaf eggs and study the formation and inhibition of COPs as affected by heating time and various ingredients in marinated juice. The various COPs in egg and juice samples were extracted by a solvent system of chloroform/methanol (2:1, v/v), followed by purification using a silica cartridge and GC-MS for subsequent separation and quantitation, with high recovery ranges from 85.9 to 98.3% and from 83.1-100.1% being obtained for egg and juice, respectively. 5α-Cholestane was shown to be an appropriate internal standard for quantitation. A total of five COPs, including 7-keto, 5,6 β-EP, 7α-OH, 7β-OH, and triol, were formed in tea-leaf eggs during marinating, but not in marinated juice. A peak level of total COPs (2272.2 ng/g) was generated in tea-leaf eggs after 24 h of heating, but reduced to 1068.2 ng/g in 48 h. Both the total phenolic and flavonoid compounds in tea-leaf eggs showed a time-dependent increase during marinating and so did the pH and browning index in tea-leaf eggs and juice. The incorporation of soy sauce or black tea leaf into juice was effective in inhibiting COPs formation in tea-leaf eggs, with the latter being more pronounced than the former. The formation of Maillard reaction products during marinating as well as the presence of total phenolic and total flavonoid in black tea leaf was mainly responsible for COPs reduction in tea-leaf eggs.
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Affiliation(s)
- L J Chen
- Department of Food Science, Fu Jen University, Taipei 242, Taiwan
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Otaegui-Arrazola A, Menéndez-Carreño M, Ansorena D, Astiasarán I. Oxysterols: A world to explore. Food Chem Toxicol 2010; 48:3289-303. [PMID: 20870006 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2010.09.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 178] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2010] [Revised: 09/15/2010] [Accepted: 09/16/2010] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Oxysterols (oxidized derivatives of cholesterol and phytosterols) can be generated in the human organism through different oxidation processes, some requiring enzymes. Furthermore, oxysterols are also present in food due to lipid oxidation reactions caused by heating treatments, contact with oxygen, exposure to sunlight, etc., and they could be absorbed from the diet, at different rates depending on their side chain length. In the organism, oxysterols can follow different routes: secreted into the intestinal lumen, esterified and distributed by lipoproteins to different tissues or degraded, mainly in the liver. Cholesterol oxidation products (COPs) have shown cytotoxicity, apoptotic and pro-inflammatory effects and they have also been linked with chronic diseases including atherosclerotic and neurodegenerative processess. In the case of phytosterol oxidation products (POPs), more research is needed on toxic effects. Nevertheless, current knowledge suggests they may also cause cytotoxic and pro-apoptotic effects, although at higher concentrations than COPs. Recently, new beneficial biological activities of oxysterols are being investigated. Whereas COPs are associated with cholesterol homeostasis mediated by different mechanisms, the implication of POPs is not clear yet. Available literature on sources of oxysterols in the organism, metabolism, toxicity and potential beneficial effects of these compounds are reviewed in this paper.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Otaegui-Arrazola
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Physiology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
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Chien JT, Hsu DJ, Inbaraj BS, Chen BH. Integral kinetic model for studying quercetin degradation and oxidation as affected by cholesterol during heating. Int J Mol Sci 2010; 11:2805-20. [PMID: 21152275 PMCID: PMC2996733 DOI: 10.3390/ijms11082805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2010] [Revised: 07/20/2010] [Accepted: 07/27/2010] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The degradation and oxidation of quercetin, as affected by cholesterol during heating at 150 °C, was kinetically studied using non-linear regression models. Both TLC and HPLC were used to monitor the changes of quercetin, cholesterol and cholesterol oxidation products (COPs) during heating. The formation of COPs, including triol, 7-keto, 7α-OH and 7β-OH, was completely inhibited during the initial 30 minute heating period in the presence of 0.02% quercetin, accompanied by reduction in cholesterol peroxidation and degradation. However, the quercetin degradation or oxidation proceeded fast, with the rate constants (h−1) in the presence of nitrogen, oxygen and the combination of oxygen and cholesterol being 0.253, 0.868 and 7.17, respectively. When cholesterol and quercetin were heated together, the rate constants (h−1) of cholesterol peroxidation, epoxidation and degradation were 1.8 × 10−4, 0.016 and 0.19, respectively. The correlation coefficients (r2) for all the oxidative and degradation reactions ranged from 0.82–0.99. The kinetic models developed in this study may be used to predict the degradation and oxidation of quercetin as affected by cholesterol during heating.
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Affiliation(s)
- John-Tung Chien
- Department of Food Science, Fu Jen University, Taipei 242, Taiwan; E-Mails: (J.T.C.); (B.S.I.)
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Jiao R, Guan L, Yang N, Peng C, Liang Y, Ma KY, Huang Y, Chen ZY. Frequent cholesterol intake up-regulates intestinal NPC1L1, ACAT2, and MTP. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2010; 58:5851-5857. [PMID: 20405839 DOI: 10.1021/jf100879y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Dietary cholesterol elevates plasma total cholesterol (TC) level. However, no study to date has examined how cholesterol intake frequency interacts with the gene of sterol transporters, receptors, and enzymes involved in cholesterol metabolism. Thirty-three hamsters were divided into three groups with the control hamsters being given daily 9 mg of cholesterol in the diet (CD), whereas the second group being gavage-administered 3 mg of cholesterol three times per day (C-3) and the third group being gavage-administered 9 mg of cholesterol one time per day (C-1). The experiment lasted for 6 weeks. The hamsters were killed under carbon dioxide suffocation. Data demonstrated that plasma TC, non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and triacylglycerols were elevated with the increasing cholesterol intake frequency. Western blotting analyses revealed that the intake frequency had no effect on protein mass of hepatic sterol regulatory element binding protein-2, liver X receptor-alpha, 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase, LDL receptor, and cholesterol-7alpha-hydroxylase. However, the frequent cholesterol intake down-regulated the mRNA level of hepatic LDL receptor. In contrast, the frequent cholesterol intake up-regulated the mRNA levels of intestinal Niemann-Pick C1-like 1 (NPC1L1), acyl coenzyme A:cholesterol acyltransferase 2 (ACAT2), and microsomal triacylglycerol transport protein (MTP). It was concluded that the cholesterol intake frequency-induced elevation in plasma TC was associated with greater cholesterol absorption, possibly mediated by up-regulation of NPC1L1, ACAT2, and MTP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Jiao
- Department of Biochemistry, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, NT, Hong Kong, China
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