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Patel AM, Willingham A, Cheng AC, Tomazela D, Bowman E, Kofman E, Zhang F, Bao J, Sanzone JR, Choy JW, Flygare JA, Han JH, Pradhan K, Kieffer M, Chernyak N, Akbari P, Liu P, Mehmood R, Naravula S, Hollingsworth SA, Bhagwat B, Lang SB, Seganish WM. Design and Optimization of Selectivity-Tunable Toll-like Receptor 7/8 Agonists as Novel Antibody-Drug Conjugate Payloads. J Med Chem 2024; 67:15756-15779. [PMID: 39172064 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.4c01384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/23/2024]
Abstract
Toll-like receptors 7 and 8 are involved in modulating the adaptive and innate immune responses, and their activation has shown promise as a therapeutic strategy in the field of immuno-oncology. While systemic exposure to TLR7/8 agonists can result in poor tolerance, combination therapies and targeted delivery through antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) can help mitigate adverse effects. Described herein is the identification of a novel and potent series of pyrazolopyrimidine-based TLR7/8 agonists with tunable receptor selectivity. Representative agonists from this series were successfully able to induce the production of various proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines from human peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Anti-HER2-25 and anti-HER2-26 ADCs made from this class of payloads demonstrated mechanism-based activation of TLR7/8 in a THP1/N87 coculture system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akash M Patel
- Discovery Chemistry, Merck & Co. Inc., South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Aarron Willingham
- Discovery Biologics, Merck & Co. Inc., South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Alan C Cheng
- Modeling and Informatics, Merck & Co. Inc., South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Daniela Tomazela
- Discovery Biologics, Merck & Co. Inc., South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Eddie Bowman
- Discovery Oncology, Merck & Co. Inc., South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Esther Kofman
- Discovery Biologics, Merck & Co. Inc., South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Fan Zhang
- Discovery Biologics, Merck & Co. Inc., South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Jianming Bao
- External Discovery Chemistry, Merck & Co. Inc., South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Jillian R Sanzone
- External Discovery Chemistry, Merck & Co. Inc., South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Jonathan W Choy
- Discovery Oncology, Merck & Co. Inc., South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - John A Flygare
- Discovery Chemistry, Merck & Co. Inc., South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Jin-Hwan Han
- Discovery Oncology, Merck & Co. Inc., South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Komal Pradhan
- Discovery Oncology, Merck & Co. Inc., South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Madeleine Kieffer
- Discovery Chemistry, Merck & Co. Inc., South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Natalia Chernyak
- Discovery Chemistry, Merck & Co. Inc., South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Peyman Akbari
- Discovery Oncology, Merck & Co. Inc., South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Ping Liu
- External Discovery Chemistry, Merck & Co. Inc., South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Rimsha Mehmood
- Modeling and Informatics, Merck & Co. Inc., South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Saraswathi Naravula
- Discovery Biologics, Merck & Co. Inc., South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Scott A Hollingsworth
- Modeling and Informatics, Merck & Co. Inc., South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Bhagyashree Bhagwat
- Discovery Biologics, Merck & Co. Inc., South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Simon B Lang
- Discovery Chemistry, Merck & Co. Inc., South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - W Michael Seganish
- Discovery Chemistry, Merck & Co. Inc., South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
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2
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Taylor RP, Lindorfer MA. Antibody-drug conjugate adverse effects can be understood and addressed based on immune complex clearance mechanisms. Blood 2024; 144:137-144. [PMID: 38643493 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2024024442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2024] [Revised: 04/10/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/23/2024] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT Numerous antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) are being developed for cancer immunotherapy. Although several of these agents have demonstrated considerable clinical efficacy and have won Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approval, in many instances, they have been characterized by adverse side effects (ASEs), which can be quite severe in a fraction of treated patients. The key hypothesis in this perspective is that many of the most serious ASEs associated with the use of ADCs in the treatment of cancer can be most readily explained and understood due to the inappropriate processing of these ADCs via pathways normally followed for immune complex clearance, which include phagocytosis and trogocytosis. We review the key published basic science experiments and clinical observations that support this idea. We propose that it is the interaction of the ADC with Fcγ receptors expressed on off-target cells and tissues that can most readily explain ADC-mediated pathologies, which therefore provides a rationale for the design of protocols to minimize ASEs. We describe measurements that should help identify those patients most likely to experience ASE due to ADC, and we propose readily available treatments as well as therapies under development for other indications that should substantially reduce ASE associated with ADC. Our focus will be on the following FDA-approved ADC for which there are substantial literatures: gemtuzumab ozogamicin and inotuzumab ozogamicin; and trastuzumab emtansine and trastuzumab deruxtecan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronald P Taylor
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA
| | - Margaret A Lindorfer
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA
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3
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Journeaux T, Bernardes GJL. Homogeneous multi-payload antibody-drug conjugates. Nat Chem 2024; 16:854-870. [PMID: 38760431 DOI: 10.1038/s41557-024-01507-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/19/2024]
Abstract
Many systemic cancer chemotherapies comprise a combination of drugs, yet all clinically used antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) contain a single-drug payload. These combination regimens improve treatment outcomes by producing synergistic anticancer effects and slowing the development of drug-resistant cell populations. In an attempt to replicate these regimens and improve the efficacy of targeted therapy, the field of ADCs has moved towards developing techniques that allow for multiple unique payloads to be attached to a single antibody molecule with high homogeneity. However, the methods for generating such constructs-homogeneous multi-payload ADCs-are both numerous and complex owing to the plethora of reactive functional groups that make up the surface of an antibody. Here, by summarizing and comparing the methods of both single- and multi-payload ADC generation and their key preclinical and clinical results, we provide a timely overview of this relatively new area of research. The methods discussed range from branched linker installation to the incorporation of unnatural amino acids, with a generalized comparison tool of the most promising modification strategies also provided. Finally, the successes and challenges of this rapidly growing field are critically evaluated, and from this, future areas of research and development are proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toby Journeaux
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Gonçalo J L Bernardes
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal.
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4
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Pottenger AE, Roy D, Srinivasan S, Chavas TEJ, Vlaskin V, Ho DK, Livingston VC, Maktabi M, Lin H, Zhang J, Pybus B, Kudyba K, Roth A, Senter P, Tyson G, Huber HE, Wesche D, Rochford R, Burke PA, Stayton PS. Liver-targeted polymeric prodrugs delivered subcutaneously improve tafenoquine therapeutic window for malaria radical cure. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2024; 10:eadk4492. [PMID: 38640243 PMCID: PMC11029812 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adk4492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/21/2024]
Abstract
Approximately 3.3 billion people live with the threat of Plasmodium vivax malaria. Infection can result in liver-localized hypnozoites, which when reactivated cause relapsing malaria. This work demonstrates that an enzyme-cleavable polymeric prodrug of tafenoquine addresses key requirements for a mass administration, eradication campaign: excellent subcutaneous bioavailability, complete parasite control after a single dose, improved therapeutic window compared to the parent oral drug, and low cost of goods sold (COGS) at less than $1.50 per dose. Liver targeting and subcutaneous dosing resulted in improved liver:plasma exposure profiles, with increased efficacy and reduced glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase-dependent hemotoxicity in validated preclinical models. A COGS and manufacturability analysis demonstrated global scalability, affordability, and the ability to redesign this fully synthetic polymeric prodrug specifically to increase global equity and access. Together, this polymer prodrug platform is a candidate for evaluation in human patients and shows potential for P. vivax eradication campaigns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayumi E. Pottenger
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Debashish Roy
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Selvi Srinivasan
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Thomas E. J. Chavas
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Vladmir Vlaskin
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Duy-Khiet Ho
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | | | - Mahdi Maktabi
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado Anschutz School of Medicine, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Hsiuling Lin
- Department of Drug Discovery, Experimental Therapeutics Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD 20910, USA
| | - Jing Zhang
- Department of Drug Discovery, Experimental Therapeutics Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD 20910, USA
| | - Brandon Pybus
- Department of Drug Discovery, Experimental Therapeutics Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD 20910, USA
| | - Karl Kudyba
- Department of Drug Discovery, Experimental Therapeutics Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD 20910, USA
| | - Alison Roth
- Department of Drug Discovery, Experimental Therapeutics Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD 20910, USA
| | | | - George Tyson
- George Tyson Consulting, Los Altos Hills, CA 94022, USA
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Hans E. Huber
- BioTD Strategies LLC, 213 Abbey Ln., Lansdale, PA 19446, USA
| | | | - Rosemary Rochford
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado Anschutz School of Medicine, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Paul A. Burke
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
- Burke Bioventures LLC, 1 Broadway 14th Floor, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Patrick S. Stayton
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
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Babbar R, Vanya, Bassi A, Arora R, Aggarwal A, Wal P, Dwivedi SK, Alolayan S, Gulati M, Vargas-De-La-Cruz C, Behl T, Ojha S. Understanding the promising role of antibody drug conjugates in breast and ovarian cancer. Heliyon 2023; 9:e21425. [PMID: 38027672 PMCID: PMC10660083 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e21425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Revised: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
A nascent category of anticancer therapeutic drugs called antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) relate selectivity of aimed therapy using chemotherapeutic medicines with high cytotoxic power. Progressive linker technology led to the advancement of more efficacious and safer treatments. It offers neoteric as well as encouraging therapeutic strategies for treating cancer. ADCs selectively administer a medication by targeting antigens which are abundantly articulated on the membrane surface of tumor cells. Tumor-specific antigens are differently expressed in breast and ovarian cancers and can be utilized to direct ADCs. Compared to conventional chemotherapeutic drugs, this approach enables optimal tumor targeting while minimizing systemic damage. A cleavable linker improves the ADCs because it allows the toxic payload to be distributed to nearby cells that do not express the target protein, operating on assorted tumors with dissimilar cell aggregation. Presently fifteen ADCs are being studied in breast and ovarian carcinoma preclinically, and assortment of few have already undergone promising early-phase clinical trial testing. Furthermore, Phase I and II studies are investigating a wide variety of ADCs, and preliminary findings are encouraging. An expanding sum of ADCs will probably become feasible therapeutic choices as solo agents or in conjunction with chemotherapeutic agents. This review accentuates the most recent preclinical findings, pharmacodynamics, and upcoming applications of ADCs in breast and ovarian carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ritchu Babbar
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Rajpura, Punjab, 140401, India
| | - Vanya
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Rajpura, Punjab, 140401, India
| | - Aarti Bassi
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Rajpura, Punjab, 140401, India
| | - Rashmi Arora
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Rajpura, Punjab, 140401, India
| | - Ankur Aggarwal
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, Gwalior, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Pranay Wal
- Pranveer Singh Institute of Technology, Pharmacy, NH-19 Bhauti, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | | | - Salma Alolayan
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, College of Pharmacy, Qassim University, Buraidah, 51452, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Monica Gulati
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, 1444411, India
- ARCCIM, Faculty of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW, 20227, Australia
| | - Celia Vargas-De-La-Cruz
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Bromatology and Toxicology, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Lima, 150001, Peru
- E-Health Research Center, Universidad de Ciencias y Humanidades, Lima, 15001, Peru
| | - Tapan Behl
- Amity School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Amity University, Punjab, 140306, India
| | - Shreesh Ojha
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, P.O. Box 15551, United Arab Emirates
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6
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Mitry MMA, Greco F, Osborn HMI. In Vivo Applications of Bioorthogonal Reactions: Chemistry and Targeting Mechanisms. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202203942. [PMID: 36656616 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202203942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Revised: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Bioorthogonal chemistry involves selective biocompatible reactions between functional groups that are not normally present in biology. It has been used to probe biomolecules in living systems, and has advanced biomedical strategies such as diagnostics and therapeutics. In this review, the challenges and opportunities encountered when translating in vitro bioorthogonal approaches to in vivo settings are presented, with a focus on methods to deliver the bioorthogonal reaction components. These methods include metabolic bioengineering, active targeting, passive targeting, and simultaneously used strategies. The suitability of bioorthogonal ligation reactions and bond cleavage reactions for in vivo applications is critically appraised, and practical considerations such as the optimum scheduling regimen in pretargeting approaches are discussed. Finally, we present our own perspectives for this area and identify what, in our view, are the key challenges that must be overcome to maximise the impact of these approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madonna M A Mitry
- Reading School of Pharmacy, University of Reading Whiteknights, Reading, RG6 6AD, UK.,Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo, 11566, Egypt
| | - Francesca Greco
- Reading School of Pharmacy, University of Reading Whiteknights, Reading, RG6 6AD, UK
| | - Helen M I Osborn
- Reading School of Pharmacy, University of Reading Whiteknights, Reading, RG6 6AD, UK
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7
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Akbarian M, Chen SH. Instability Challenges and Stabilization Strategies of Pharmaceutical Proteins. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:2533. [PMID: 36432723 PMCID: PMC9699111 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14112533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Revised: 11/13/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Maintaining the structure of protein and peptide drugs has become one of the most important goals of scientists in recent decades. Cold and thermal denaturation conditions, lyophilization and freeze drying, different pH conditions, concentrations, ionic strength, environmental agitation, the interaction between the surface of liquid and air as well as liquid and solid, and even the architectural structure of storage containers are among the factors that affect the stability of these therapeutic biomacromolecules. The use of genetic engineering, side-directed mutagenesis, fusion strategies, solvent engineering, the addition of various preservatives, surfactants, and additives are some of the solutions to overcome these problems. This article will discuss the types of stress that lead to instabilities of different proteins used in pharmaceutics including regulatory proteins, antibodies, and antibody-drug conjugates, and then all the methods for fighting these stresses will be reviewed. New and existing analytical methods that are used to detect the instabilities, mainly changes in their primary and higher order structures, are briefly summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Shu-Hui Chen
- Department of Chemistry, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan
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8
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D'Angelo A, Chapman R, Sirico M, Sobhani N, Catalano M, Mini E, Roviello G. An update on antibody-drug conjugates in urothelial carcinoma: state of the art strategies and what comes next. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 2022; 90:191-205. [PMID: 35953604 PMCID: PMC9402760 DOI: 10.1007/s00280-022-04459-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, considerable progress has been made in increasing the knowledge of tumour biology and drug resistance mechanisms in urothelial cancer. Therapeutic strategies have significantly advanced with the introduction of novel approaches such as immune checkpoint inhibitors and Fibroblast Growth Factor Receptor inhibitors. However, despite these novel agents, advanced urothelial cancer is often still progressive in spite of treatment and correlates with a poor prognosis. The introduction of antibody–drug conjugates consisting of a target-specific monoclonal antibody covalently linked to a payload (cytotoxic agent) is a novel and promising therapeutic strategy. In December 2019, the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) granted accelerated approval to the nectin-4-targeting antibody–drug conjugate, enfortumab vedotin, for the treatment of advanced or metastatic urothelial carcinomas that are refractory to both immune checkpoint inhibitors and platinum-based treatment. Heavily pre-treated urothelial cancer patients reported a significant, 40% response to enfortumab vedotin while other antibody–drug conjugates are currently still under investigation in several clinical trials. We have comprehensively reviewed the available treatment strategies for advanced urothelial carcinoma and outlined the mechanism of action of antibody–drug conjugate agents, their clinical applications, resistance mechanisms and future strategies for urothelial cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto D'Angelo
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Bath, Bath, BA2 7AY, UK.
| | - Robert Chapman
- Department of Medicine, Princess Alexandra Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Harlow, CM20 1QX, UK
| | - Marianna Sirico
- Department of Medical Oncology, IRCCS Istituto Romagnolo per lo Studio dei Tumori (IRST) "Dino Amadori", Meldola, Italy
| | - Navid Sobhani
- Section of Epidemiology and Population Science, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Martina Catalano
- School of Human Health Sciences, University of Florence, Largo Brambilla 3, 50134, Florence, Italy
| | - Enrico Mini
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Florence, vialePieraccini, 6, 50139, Florence, Italy
| | - Giandomenico Roviello
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Florence, vialePieraccini, 6, 50139, Florence, Italy
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Thapaliya ER, Usama SM, Patel NL, Feng Y, Kalen JD, St Croix B, Schnermann MJ. Cyanine Masking: A Strategy to Test Functional Group Effects on Antibody Conjugate Targeting. Bioconjug Chem 2022; 33:718-725. [PMID: 35389618 PMCID: PMC10506421 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.2c00083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Conjugates of small molecules and antibodies are broadly employed diagnostic and therapeutic agents. Appending a small molecule to an antibody often significantly impacts the properties of the resulting conjugate. Here, we detail a systematic study investigating the effect of various functional groups on the properties of antibody-fluorophore conjugates. This was done through the preparation and analysis of a series of masked heptamethine cyanines (CyMasks)-bearing amides with varied functional groups. These were designed to exhibit a broad range of physical properties, and include hydrophobic (-NMe2), pegylated (NH-PEG-8 or NH-PEG-24), cationic (NH-(CH2)2NMe3+), anionic (NH-(CH2)2SO3-), and zwitterionic (N-(CH2)2NMe3+)-(CH2)3SO3-) variants. The CyMask series was appended to monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) and analyzed for the effects on tumor targeting, clearance, and non-specific organ uptake. Among the series, zwitterionic and pegylated dye conjugates had the highest tumor-to-background ratio (TBR) and a low liver-to-background ratio. By contrast, the cationic and zwitterionic probes had high tumor signal and high TBR, although the latter also exhibited an elevated liver-to-background ratio (LBR). Overall, these studies provide a strategy to test the functional group effects and suggest that zwitterionic substituents possess an optimal combination of high tumor signal, TBR, and low LBR. These results suggest an appealing strategy to mask hydrophobic payloads, with the potential to improve the properties of bioconjugates in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ek Raj Thapaliya
- Chemical Biology Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, Maryland 21702, United States
| | - Syed Muhammad Usama
- Chemical Biology Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, Maryland 21702, United States
| | - Nimit L Patel
- Small Animal Imaging Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Leidos Biomedical Research Inc., Frederick, Maryland 21702, United States
| | - Yang Feng
- Tumor Angiogenesis Unit, Mouse Cancer Genetics Program (MCGP), National Cancer Institute, NIH, Frederick, Maryland 21702, United States
| | - Joseph D Kalen
- Small Animal Imaging Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Leidos Biomedical Research Inc., Frederick, Maryland 21702, United States
| | - Brad St Croix
- Tumor Angiogenesis Unit, Mouse Cancer Genetics Program (MCGP), National Cancer Institute, NIH, Frederick, Maryland 21702, United States
| | - Martin J Schnermann
- Chemical Biology Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, Maryland 21702, United States
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Hui X, Yuan C, Cao W, Ge W, Zhang D, Dan M, Zhao Q, Liu B, Yao B. An Innovative Site-Specific Anti-HER2 Antibody-Drug Conjugate with High Homogeneity and Improved Therapeutic Index. Onco Targets Ther 2022; 15:331-343. [PMID: 35422630 PMCID: PMC9005139 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s357326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) have emerged as a potent cancer therapeutic option in recent years. DP303c is a HER2-targeting ADC with a cleavable linker-MMAE payload. The current study aimed to evaluate the therapeutic potentials of DP303c in vitro as well as in vivo. Materials and Methods Size exclusion chromatography (SEC), reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC), and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) were used to analyze the physicochemical characterization of DP303c. An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), a cell-based assay, and bio-layer interferometry (BLI) were used to evaluate DP303c’s affinity with HER2 and Fc receptors. A confocal laser scanning microscopy was used to observe the internalization of DP303c. Antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC) and cytotoxicity assays were used to investigate the activity of DP303c in vitro. The antitumor activity of DP303c was assessed in vivo in the HER2-positive cell-derived xenograft model. Results DP303c was a site-specific anti-HER2 antibody-drug conjugate with a monomethyl auristatin E (MMAE) with an average drug-to-antibody ratio (DAR) of 2.0. DP303c showed a high affinity with HER2 and could be effectively internalized. In vitro and in vivo, DP303c showed stronger antitumor activity as compared to trastuzumab-DM1 (T-DM1) in a series of HER2-positive cancer cells and cell-derived xenograft (CDX) models, especially in the lower HER2-expressing cells. DP303c also exhibited high serum stability and a good PK profile. Conclusion DP303c was a steady and homogenous DAR 2 ADC that was predicted to deliver MMAE inhibitor to tumor cells. DP303c demonstrated remarkable anticancer efficacy against T-DM1 in xenograft models. DP303c was a strong candidate for the treatment of patients with HER2-positive cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiwu Hui
- Institute of Quality Analysis, CSPC Megalith Biopharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Shijiazhuang, Hebei, People’s Republic of China
| | - Can Yuan
- Institute of Quality Analysis, CSPC Megalith Biopharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Shijiazhuang, Hebei, People’s Republic of China
| | - Weirong Cao
- Institute of Quality Analysis, CSPC Megalith Biopharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Shijiazhuang, Hebei, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wenli Ge
- Institute of Quality Analysis, CSPC Megalith Biopharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Shijiazhuang, Hebei, People’s Republic of China
| | - Di Zhang
- Institute of Quality Analysis, CSPC Megalith Biopharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Shijiazhuang, Hebei, People’s Republic of China
| | - Mo Dan
- Pharmacology Center, CSPC Pharmaceutical Group Co., Ltd., Shijiazhuang, Hebei, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qian Zhao
- Pharmacology Center, CSPC Pharmaceutical Group Co., Ltd., Shijiazhuang, Hebei, People’s Republic of China
| | - Boning Liu
- Institute of Quality Analysis, CSPC Megalith Biopharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Shijiazhuang, Hebei, People’s Republic of China
- Correspondence: Boning Liu; Bing Yao, Institute of Quality Analysis, CSPC Megalith Biopharmaceutical Co., Ltd., No. 226 Huanghe Street, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, People’s Republic of China, Tel +8613284452520; +8613930148328, Fax +86031169085667, Email ;
| | - Bing Yao
- Institute of Quality Analysis, CSPC Megalith Biopharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Shijiazhuang, Hebei, People’s Republic of China
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11
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Polli JR, Chen P, Bordeau BM, Balthasar JP. Targeted Delivery of Endosomal Escape Peptides to Enhance Immunotoxin Potency and Anti-cancer Efficacy. AAPS J 2022; 24:47. [PMID: 35338415 PMCID: PMC9044403 DOI: 10.1208/s12248-022-00698-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2022] [Accepted: 03/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
This work describes use of anti-carcinoembryonic antigen antibodies (10H6, T84.66) for targeted delivery of an endosomal escape peptide (H6CM18) and gelonin, a type I ribosome inactivating protein. The viability of colorectal cancer cells (LS174T, LoVo) was assessed following treatment with gelonin or gelonin immunotoxins, with or without co-treatment with T84.66-H6CM18. Fluorescent microscopy was used to visualize the escape of immunoconjugates from endosomes of treated cells, and efficacy and toxicity were assessed in vivo in xenograft tumor-bearing mice following single- and multiple-dose regimens. Application of 25 pM T84.66-H6CM18 combined with T84.66-gelonin increased gelonin potency by ~ 1,000-fold and by ~ 6,000-fold in LS174T and LoVo cells. Intravenous 10H6-gelonin at 1.0 mg/kg was well tolerated by LS174T tumor-bearing mice, while 10 and 25 mg/kg doses led to signs of toxicity. Single-dose administration of PBS, gelonin conjugated to T84.66 or 10H6, T84.66-H6CM18, or gelonin immunotoxins co-administered with T84.66-H6CM18 were evaluated. The combinations of T84.66-gelonin + 1.0 mg/kg T84.66-H6CM18 and 10H6-gelonin + 0.1 mg/kg T84.66-H6CM18 led to significant delays in LS174T growth. Use of a multiple-dose regimen allowed further anti-tumor effects, significantly extending median survival time by 33% and by 69%, for mice receiving 1 mg/kg 10H6-gelonin + 0.1 mg/kg T84.66-H6CM18 (p = 0.0072) and 1 mg/kg 10H6-gelonin + 1 mg/kg T84.66-H6CM18 (p = 0.0017). Combined administration of gelonin immunoconjugates with antibody-targeted endosomal escape peptides increased the delivery of gelonin to the cytoplasm of targeted cells, increased gelonin cell killing in vitro by 1,000-6,000 fold, and significantly increased in vivo efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Ryan Polli
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, 14214, USA
| | - Ping Chen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, 14214, USA
| | - Brandon M Bordeau
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, 14214, USA
| | - Joseph P Balthasar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, 14214, USA.
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12
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Ungaro A, Tucci M, Audisio A, Di Prima L, Pisano C, Turco F, Delcuratolo MD, Di Maio M, Scagliotti GV, Buttigliero C. Antibody-Drug Conjugates in Urothelial Carcinoma: A New Therapeutic Opportunity Moves from Bench to Bedside. Cells 2022; 11:803. [PMID: 35269424 PMCID: PMC8909578 DOI: 10.3390/cells11050803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2022] [Revised: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Significant progress has been achieved over the last decades in understanding the biology and mechanisms of tumor progression in urothelial carcinoma (UC). Although the therapeutic landscape has dramatically changed in recent years with the introduction of immune checkpoint inhibitors, advanced UC is still associated with rapidly progressing disease and poor survival. The increasing knowledge of the pathogenesis and molecular pathways underlying cancer development and progression is leading the introduction of target therapies, such as the recently approved FGFR inhibitor Erdafitinib, or the anti-nectin 4 antibody drug-conjugate Enfortumab vedotin. Antibody drug conjugates represent an innovative therapeutic approach that allows the combination of a tar get-specific monoclonal antibody covalently conjugated via a linker to a cytotoxic agent (payload). UC is a perfect candidate for this therapeutic approach since it is particularly enriched in antigen expression on its surface and each specific antigen can represent a potential therapeutic target. In this review we summarize the mechanism of action of ADCs, their applications in localized and metastatic UC, the main mechanisms of resistance, and future perspectives for their use in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Ungaro
- Department of Oncology, University of Turin, San Luigi Gonzaga Hospital, Orbassano, 10124 Turin, Italy; (A.U.); (A.A.); (L.D.P.); (C.P.); (F.T.); (M.D.D.); (G.V.S.)
| | - Marcello Tucci
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cardinal Massaia Hospital, 14100 Asti, Italy;
| | - Alessandro Audisio
- Department of Oncology, University of Turin, San Luigi Gonzaga Hospital, Orbassano, 10124 Turin, Italy; (A.U.); (A.A.); (L.D.P.); (C.P.); (F.T.); (M.D.D.); (G.V.S.)
| | - Lavinia Di Prima
- Department of Oncology, University of Turin, San Luigi Gonzaga Hospital, Orbassano, 10124 Turin, Italy; (A.U.); (A.A.); (L.D.P.); (C.P.); (F.T.); (M.D.D.); (G.V.S.)
| | - Chiara Pisano
- Department of Oncology, University of Turin, San Luigi Gonzaga Hospital, Orbassano, 10124 Turin, Italy; (A.U.); (A.A.); (L.D.P.); (C.P.); (F.T.); (M.D.D.); (G.V.S.)
| | - Fabio Turco
- Department of Oncology, University of Turin, San Luigi Gonzaga Hospital, Orbassano, 10124 Turin, Italy; (A.U.); (A.A.); (L.D.P.); (C.P.); (F.T.); (M.D.D.); (G.V.S.)
| | - Marco Donatello Delcuratolo
- Department of Oncology, University of Turin, San Luigi Gonzaga Hospital, Orbassano, 10124 Turin, Italy; (A.U.); (A.A.); (L.D.P.); (C.P.); (F.T.); (M.D.D.); (G.V.S.)
| | - Massimo Di Maio
- Department of Oncology, University of Turin, A.O. Ordine Mauriziano, 10124 Turin, Italy;
| | - Giorgio Vittorio Scagliotti
- Department of Oncology, University of Turin, San Luigi Gonzaga Hospital, Orbassano, 10124 Turin, Italy; (A.U.); (A.A.); (L.D.P.); (C.P.); (F.T.); (M.D.D.); (G.V.S.)
| | - Consuelo Buttigliero
- Department of Oncology, University of Turin, San Luigi Gonzaga Hospital, Orbassano, 10124 Turin, Italy; (A.U.); (A.A.); (L.D.P.); (C.P.); (F.T.); (M.D.D.); (G.V.S.)
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13
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Popova V, Poletaeva Y, Pyshnaya I, Pyshnyi D, Dmitrienko E. Designing pH-Dependent Systems Based on Nanoscale Calcium Carbonate for the Delivery of an Antitumor Drug. NANOMATERIALS 2021; 11:nano11112794. [PMID: 34835558 PMCID: PMC8625994 DOI: 10.3390/nano11112794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2021] [Revised: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Materials based on calcium carbonate (CaCO3) are widely used in biomedical research (e.g., as carriers of bioactive substances). The biocompatibility of CaCO3 and dependence of its stability on pH make these materials promising transporters of therapeutic agents to sites with low pH such as a tumor tissue. In this work, we developed an approach to the preparation of nanoscale particles based on CaCO3 (CaNPs) up to 200 nm in size by coprecipitation and analyzed the interaction of the nanoparticles with an anticancer drug: DOXorubicin (DOX). We also showed a prolonged pH-dependent release of DOX from a CaNP nanocarrier and effective inhibition of cancer cell growth by a CaCO3-and-DOX–based composite (CaNP7-DOX) in in vitro models.
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14
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Singh D, Dheer D, Samykutty A, Shankar R. Antibody drug conjugates in gastrointestinal cancer: From lab to clinical development. J Control Release 2021; 340:1-34. [PMID: 34673122 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2021.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Revised: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) are one the fastest growing biotherapeutics in oncology and are still in their infancy in gastrointestinal (GI) cancer for clinical applications to improve patient survival. The ADC based approach is developed with tumor specific antigen, antibody carrying cytotoxic agents to precisely target and deliver chemotherapeutics at the tumor site. To date, 11 ADCs have been approved by US-FDA, and more than 80 are in the clinical development phase for different oncological indications. However, The ADCs based therapies in GI cancers are still far from having high-efficient clinical outcomes. The limited success of these ADCs and lessons learned from the past are now being used to develop a newer generation of ADC against GI cancers. In this review, we did a comprehensive assessment of the key components of ADCs, including tumor marker, antibody, cytotoxic payload, and linkage strategy, with a focus on technical improvement and some future trends in the pipeline for clinical translation. The various preclinical and clinical ADCs used in gastrointestinal malignancies, their target, composition and bioconjugation, along with preclinical and clinical outcomes, are discussed. The emphasis is also given to new generation ADCs employing novel mAb, payload, linker, and bioconjugation methods are also included.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davinder Singh
- Natural Products and Medicinal Chemistry Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu 180001, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Divya Dheer
- Natural Products and Medicinal Chemistry Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu 180001, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Abhilash Samykutty
- Stephenson Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA.
| | - Ravi Shankar
- Natural Products and Medicinal Chemistry Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu 180001, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India.
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15
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Lucas AT, Moody A, Schorzman AN, Zamboni WC. Importance and Considerations of Antibody Engineering in Antibody-Drug Conjugates Development from a Clinical Pharmacologist's Perspective. Antibodies (Basel) 2021; 10:30. [PMID: 34449544 PMCID: PMC8395454 DOI: 10.3390/antib10030030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Revised: 07/04/2021] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) appear to be in a developmental boom, with five FDA approvals in the last two years and a projected market value of over $4 billion by 2024. Major advancements in the engineering of these novel cytotoxic drug carriers have provided a few early success stories. Although the use of these immunoconjugate agents are still in their infancy, valuable lessons in the engineering of these agents have been learned from both preclinical and clinical failures. It is essential to appreciate how the various mechanisms used to engineer changes in ADCs can alter the complex pharmacology of these agents and allow the ADCs to navigate the modern-day therapeutic challenges within oncology. This review provides a global overview of ADC characteristics which can be engineered to alter the interaction with the immune system, pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic profiles, and therapeutic index of ADCs. In addition, this review will highlight some of the engineering approaches being explored in the creation of the next generation of ADCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew T. Lucas
- Division of Pharmacotherapy and Experimental Therapeutics, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; (A.T.L.); (A.N.S.)
- Carolina Center of Cancer Nanotechnology Excellence, UNC Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA;
| | - Amber Moody
- Carolina Center of Cancer Nanotechnology Excellence, UNC Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA;
| | - Allison N. Schorzman
- Division of Pharmacotherapy and Experimental Therapeutics, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; (A.T.L.); (A.N.S.)
| | - William C. Zamboni
- Division of Pharmacotherapy and Experimental Therapeutics, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; (A.T.L.); (A.N.S.)
- Carolina Center of Cancer Nanotechnology Excellence, UNC Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA;
- Glolytics, LLC, Chapel Hill, NC 27517, USA
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16
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An antibody-drug conjugate with intracellular drug release properties showing specific cytotoxicity against CD7-positive cells. Leuk Res 2021; 108:106626. [PMID: 34062328 PMCID: PMC8443841 DOI: 10.1016/j.leukres.2021.106626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2021] [Revised: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The CD7 surface protein is highly expressed on T cell acute leukaemias. CD7 bound by antibody is rapidly processed and internalised into cells. The novel antibody-drug conjugate kills CD7 expressing leukaemias. The ADC linker is only cleaved in cells. CD7 ADCs are a treatment option for CD7-expressing cancers.
Refractory T cell acute leukaemias that no longer respond to treatment would benefit from new modalities that target T cell-specific surface proteins. T cell associated surface proteins (the surfaceome) offer possible therapy targets to reduce tumour burden but also target the leukaemia-initiating cells from which tumours recur. Recent studies of the T cell leukaemia surfaceome confirmed that CD7 is highly expressed in overt disease. We have used an anti-CD7 antibody drug conjugate (ADC) to show that the binding of antibody to surface CD7 protein results in rapid internalization of the antigen together with the ADC. As a consequence, cell killing was observed via induction of apoptosis and was dependent on cell surface CD7. The in vitro cytotoxic activity (EC50) of the anti-CD7 ADC on T cell acute leukaemia (T-ALL) cells Jurkat and KOPT-K1 was found to be in the range of 5−8 ng/mL. In a pre-clinical xenograft model of human tumour growth expressing CD7 antigen, growth was curtailed by a single dose of ADC. The data indicate that CD7 targeting ADCs may be developed into an important second stage therapy for T cell acute leukaemia, for refractory CD7-positive leukaemias and for subsets of acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) expressing CD7.
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17
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Jabbour E, Paul S, Kantarjian H. The clinical development of antibody-drug conjugates - lessons from leukaemia. Nat Rev Clin Oncol 2021; 18:418-433. [PMID: 33758376 DOI: 10.1038/s41571-021-00484-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Advances in our understanding of cancer biology have enabled drug development to progress towards better targeted therapies that are both more effective and safer owing to their lack of off-target toxicities. In this regard, antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs), which have the potential to combine the selectivity of therapeutic antibodies with the cytotoxicity of highly toxic small molecules, are a rapidly developing drug class. The complex and unique structure of an ADC, composed of a monoclonal antibody conjugated to a potent cytotoxic payload via a chemical linker, is designed to selectively target a specific tumour antigen. The success of an ADC is highly dependent on the specific properties of its components, all of which have implications for the stability, cytotoxicity, pharmacokinetics and antitumour activity of the ADC. The development of therapeutic ADCs, including gemtuzumab ozogamicin and inotuzumab ozogamicin, provided great knowledge of the refinements needed for the optimization of such agents. In this Review, we describe the key components of ADC structure and function and focus on the clinical development and subsequent utilization of two leukaemia-directed ADCs - gemtuzumab ozogamicin and inotuzumab ozogamicin - as well as on the mechanisms of resistance and predictors of response to these two agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elias Jabbour
- Department of Leukemia, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.
| | - Shilpa Paul
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Hagop Kantarjian
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
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18
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Jendryczko K, Chudzian J, Skinder N, Opaliński Ł, Rzeszótko J, Wiedlocha A, Otlewski J, Szlachcic A. FGF2-Derived PeptibodyF2-MMAE Conjugate for Targeted Delivery of Cytotoxic Drugs into Cancer Cells Overexpressing FGFR1. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:E2992. [PMID: 33076489 PMCID: PMC7602595 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12102992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2020] [Accepted: 10/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Fibroblast growth factor receptors (FGFRs) are emerging targets for directed cancer therapy. Presented here is a new FGFR1-targeting conjugate, the peptibodyF2, which employs peptibody, a fusion of peptide and the Fc fragment of human IgG as a selective targeting agent and drug carrier. Short peptide based on FGF2 sequence was used to construct a FGFR1-targeting peptibody. We have shown that this peptide ensures specific delivery of peptibodyF2 into FGFR1-expressing cells. In order to use peptibodyF2 as a delivery vehicle for cytotoxic drugs, we have conjugated it with MMAE, a drug widely used in antibody-drug conjugates for targeted therapy. Resulting conjugate shows high and specific cytotoxicity towards FGFR1-positive cells, i.e., squamous cell lung carcinoma NCI-H520, while remaining non-toxic for FGFR1-negative cells. Such peptibody-drug conjugate can serve as a basis for development of therapy for tumors with overexpressed or malfunctioning FGFRs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karolina Jendryczko
- Department of Protein Engineering, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wroclaw, 50383 Wroclaw, Poland; (K.J.); (J.C.); (N.S.); (Ł.O.); (J.R.); (J.O.)
| | - Julia Chudzian
- Department of Protein Engineering, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wroclaw, 50383 Wroclaw, Poland; (K.J.); (J.C.); (N.S.); (Ł.O.); (J.R.); (J.O.)
| | - Natalia Skinder
- Department of Protein Engineering, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wroclaw, 50383 Wroclaw, Poland; (K.J.); (J.C.); (N.S.); (Ł.O.); (J.R.); (J.O.)
| | - Łukasz Opaliński
- Department of Protein Engineering, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wroclaw, 50383 Wroclaw, Poland; (K.J.); (J.C.); (N.S.); (Ł.O.); (J.R.); (J.O.)
| | - Jakub Rzeszótko
- Department of Protein Engineering, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wroclaw, 50383 Wroclaw, Poland; (K.J.); (J.C.); (N.S.); (Ł.O.); (J.R.); (J.O.)
| | - Antoni Wiedlocha
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, 0379 Oslo, Norway;
- Department of Radiobiology and Radiation Protection, Military Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, 01163 Warsaw, Poland
- Center for Cancer Cell Reprogramming, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, 0379 Oslo, Norway
| | - Jacek Otlewski
- Department of Protein Engineering, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wroclaw, 50383 Wroclaw, Poland; (K.J.); (J.C.); (N.S.); (Ł.O.); (J.R.); (J.O.)
| | - Anna Szlachcic
- Department of Protein Engineering, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wroclaw, 50383 Wroclaw, Poland; (K.J.); (J.C.); (N.S.); (Ł.O.); (J.R.); (J.O.)
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19
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Nittoli T, Delfino F, Kelly M, Carosso S, Markotan T, Kunz A, Chen Z, Mao S, Shan J, Navarro E, Zhao F, Makonnen S, Hickey C, Spink J, Olson W, Kirshner JR, Thurston G, Papadopoulos N. Antibody drug conjugates of cleavable amino-benzoyl-maytansinoids. Bioorg Med Chem 2020; 28:115785. [PMID: 33099182 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2020.115785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2020] [Revised: 09/09/2020] [Accepted: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
ADCs based on the natural product maytansine have been successfully employed clinically. In a previous report, ADCs based on hydrophilic non-cell permeable maytansinoids was presented. The authors in this report further explore the maytansine scaffold to develop tubulin inhibitors capable of cell permeation. The research resulted in amino-benzoyl-maytansinoid payloads that were further elaborated with linkers for conjugating to antibodies. This approach was applied to MUC16 tumor targeting antibodies for ovarian cancers. A positive control ADC was evaluated alongside the amino-benzoyl-maytansinoid ADC and the efficacy observed was equivalent while the isotype control ADCs had no effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Nittoli
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 777 Old Saw Mill River Road, Tarrytown, NY 10591, United States.
| | - Frank Delfino
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 777 Old Saw Mill River Road, Tarrytown, NY 10591, United States
| | - Marcus Kelly
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 777 Old Saw Mill River Road, Tarrytown, NY 10591, United States
| | - Serena Carosso
- Abzena, 360 George Patterson Blvd, Bristol, PA 19007, United States
| | - Thomas Markotan
- Abzena, 360 George Patterson Blvd, Bristol, PA 19007, United States
| | - Arthur Kunz
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 777 Old Saw Mill River Road, Tarrytown, NY 10591, United States
| | - Zhaoyuan Chen
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 777 Old Saw Mill River Road, Tarrytown, NY 10591, United States
| | - Shu Mao
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 777 Old Saw Mill River Road, Tarrytown, NY 10591, United States
| | - Jing Shan
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 777 Old Saw Mill River Road, Tarrytown, NY 10591, United States
| | - Elizabeth Navarro
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 777 Old Saw Mill River Road, Tarrytown, NY 10591, United States
| | - Feng Zhao
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 777 Old Saw Mill River Road, Tarrytown, NY 10591, United States
| | - Sosina Makonnen
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 777 Old Saw Mill River Road, Tarrytown, NY 10591, United States
| | - Carlos Hickey
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 777 Old Saw Mill River Road, Tarrytown, NY 10591, United States
| | - Jan Spink
- Abzena, 360 George Patterson Blvd, Bristol, PA 19007, United States
| | - William Olson
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 777 Old Saw Mill River Road, Tarrytown, NY 10591, United States
| | - Jessica R Kirshner
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 777 Old Saw Mill River Road, Tarrytown, NY 10591, United States
| | - Gavin Thurston
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 777 Old Saw Mill River Road, Tarrytown, NY 10591, United States
| | - Nicholas Papadopoulos
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 777 Old Saw Mill River Road, Tarrytown, NY 10591, United States
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20
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Randárová E, Kudláčová J, Etrych T. HPMA copolymer-antibody constructs in neoplastic treatment: an overview of therapeutics, targeted diagnostics, and drug-free systems. J Control Release 2020; 325:304-322. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2020.06.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2020] [Revised: 06/23/2020] [Accepted: 06/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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21
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Coumans RGE, Ariaans GJA, Spijker HJ, Renart Verkerk P, Beusker PH, Kokke BPA, Schouten J, Blomenröhr M, van der Lee MMC, Groothuis PG, Ubink R, Dokter WHA, Timmers CM. A Platform for the Generation of Site-Specific Antibody-Drug Conjugates That Allows for Selective Reduction of Engineered Cysteines. Bioconjug Chem 2020; 31:2136-2146. [PMID: 32697078 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.0c00337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Engineering cysteines at specific sites in antibodies to create well-defined ADCs for the treatment of cancer is a promising approach to increase the therapeutic index and helps to streamline the manufacturing process. Here, we report the development of an in silico screening procedure to select for optimal sites in an antibody to which a hydrophobic linker-drug can be conjugated. Sites were identified inside the cavity that is naturally present in the Fab part of the antibody. Conjugating a linker-drug to these sites demonstrated the ability of the antibody to shield the hydrophobic character of the linker-drug while resulting ADCs maintained their cytotoxic potency in vitro. Comparison of site-specific ADCs versus randomly conjugated ADCs in an in vivo xenograft model revealed improved efficacy and exposure. We also report a selective reducing agent that is able to reduce the engineered cysteines while leaving the interchain disulfides in the oxidized state. This enables us to manufacture site-specific ADCs without introducing impurities associated with the conventional reduction/oxidation procedure for site-specific conjugation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Henri J Spijker
- Byondis B.V., Microweg 22, 6545 CM Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | | | | | - Bas P A Kokke
- Byondis B.V., Microweg 22, 6545 CM Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Jan Schouten
- Byondis B.V., Microweg 22, 6545 CM Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | | | | | | | - Ruud Ubink
- Byondis B.V., Microweg 22, 6545 CM Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Wim H A Dokter
- Byondis B.V., Microweg 22, 6545 CM Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - C Marco Timmers
- Byondis B.V., Microweg 22, 6545 CM Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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22
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Makita S, Maruyama D, Tobinai K. Safety and Efficacy of Brentuximab Vedotin in the Treatment of Classic Hodgkin Lymphoma. Onco Targets Ther 2020; 13:5993-6009. [PMID: 32606807 PMCID: PMC7320890 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s193951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2019] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Classical Hodgkin lymphoma (cHL) is a B-cell-derived lymphoid malignancy with the most favorable prognosis among various adult malignancies. However, once it becomes refractory disease to chemotherapy or relapses after high-dose chemotherapy (HDC) with autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT), it is difficult to manage with conventional cytotoxic chemotherapy. The introduction of brentuximab vedotin (BV) has changed the treatment landscape of cHL in the past decade. Several studies demonstrated high efficacy of BV monotherapy in heavily treated patients with cHL relapsed or refractory after HDC/ASCT. Recent studies also reported high efficacy of concurrent or sequential combination of BV and chemotherapy in patients with transplant-eligible relapsed/refractory cHL at the second-line setting. In addition, a randomized phase III trial ECHELON-1 reported a positive result of BV in combination with AVD (doxorubicin, vinblastine, and dacarbazine) in patients with newly diagnosed advanced-stage cHL. In this review, we summarize available data of BV for cHL and discuss the current and future role of BV in the management of cHL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinichi Makita
- Department of Hematology, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Dai Maruyama
- Department of Hematology, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kensei Tobinai
- Department of Hematology, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
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Abstract
INTRODUCTION Ovarian cancer typically presents at an advanced stage and while initial chemotherapy response rates are favorable, a majority of patients experience recurrence with the subsequent development of chemoresistance. Recurrent, platinum-resistant disease is associated with a very poor prognosis as treatment in this setting is often limited by systemic toxicity. Antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) are novel therapeutic agents designed to target antigens specific to ovarian tumor cells with direct delivery of cytotoxic agents to combat recurrent, platinum-resistant disease while limiting systemic toxicity. AREAS COVERED The basic structure and function of ADCs will be reviewed as well as the current data on ADCs under investigation in ovarian cancer. EXPERT OPINION ADCs represent a promising class of targeted therapy in recurrent ovarian cancer with excellent response rates particularly when utilized as combination therapy. While mirvetuximab soravtansine is the only ADC that has been evaluated in a phase 3 trial, many other ADCs and trials are on the horizon. As the field of targeted therapy continues to evolve, continued development of target antigens and ADCs are likely to represent a key development in treatment of recurrent, platinum-resistant disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corinne A Calo
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - David M O'Malley
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
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Anami Y, Tsuchikama K. Next-generation Antibody-drug Conjugates (ADCs): Exploring New Frontiers with Chemical Approaches. J SYN ORG CHEM JPN 2020. [DOI: 10.5059/yukigoseikyokaishi.78.503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Kyoji Tsuchikama
- Texas Therapeutics Institute, The Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston
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25
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Akaiwa M, Dugal-Tessier J, Mendelsohn BA. Antibody-Drug Conjugate Payloads; Study of Auristatin Derivatives. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 2020; 68:201-211. [PMID: 32115527 DOI: 10.1248/cpb.c19-00853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Auristatins are important payloads used in antibody drug conjugates (ADCs), and the most well-known compound family member, monomethyl auristatin (MMAE), is used in two Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved ADCs, Adcetris® and Polivy®. Multiple other auristatin-based ADCs are currently being evaluated in human clinical trials and further studies on this class of molecule are underway by several academic and industrial research groups. Our group's main focus is to investigate the structure-activity relationships (SAR) of novel auristatins with the goal of applying these to next generation ADCs. Modifications of the auristatin backbone scaffold have been widely reported in the chemical literature focusing on the terminal subunits: P1 (N-terminus) and P5 (C-terminus). Our approach was to modulate the activity and hydrophilic character through modifications of the central subunits P2-P3-P4 and thorough SAR study on the P5 subunit. Novel hydrophilic auristatins were observed to have greater potency in vitro and displayed enhanced in vivo antitumor activity when conjugated via protease-cleavable linkers and delivered intracellularly. Analysis of ADC aggregation also indicated that novel hydrophilic payloads enabled the synthesis of high-drug-to-antibody ratio (DAR) ADCs that were resistant to aggregation. Modification of the central peptide subunits also resulted in auristatins with potent cytotoxic activity in vitro and these azide-modified auristatins contain a handle for linker attachment from the central portion of the auristatin backbone.
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26
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Elkhoury K, Russell C, Sanchez-Gonzalez L, Mostafavi A, Williams T, Kahn C, Peppas NA, Arab-Tehrany E, Tamayol A. Soft-Nanoparticle Functionalization of Natural Hydrogels for Tissue Engineering Applications. Adv Healthc Mater 2019; 8:e1900506. [PMID: 31402589 PMCID: PMC6752977 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201900506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2019] [Revised: 06/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Tissue engineering has emerged as an important research area that provides numerous research tools for the fabrication of biologically functional constructs that can be used in drug discovery, disease modeling, and the treatment of diseased or injured organs. From a materials point of view, scaffolds have become an important part of tissue engineering activities and are usually used to form an environment supporting cellular growth, differentiation, and maturation. Among various materials used as scaffolds, hydrogels based on natural polymers are considered one of the most suitable groups of materials for creating tissue engineering scaffolds. Natural hydrogels, however, do not always provide the physicochemical and biological characteristics and properties required for optimal cell growth. This review discusses the properties and tissue engineering applications of widely used natural hydrogels. In addition, methods of modulation of their physicochemical and biological properties using soft nanoparticles as fillers or reinforcing agents are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Carina Russell
- Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE, 68508, USA
| | | | | | - Tyrell Williams
- Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE, 68508, USA
| | - Cyril Kahn
- LIBio, Université de Lorraine, F-54000 Nancy, France
| | - Nicholas A. Peppas
- Departments of Biomedical and Chemical Engineering, Departments of Pediatrics and Surgery, Dell Medical School, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
| | | | - Ali Tamayol
- Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE, 68508, USA
- Mary and Dick Holland Regenerative Medicine Program University of Nebraska-Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198
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27
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Fulcher JA, Tamshen K, Wollenberg AL, Kickhoefer VA, Mrazek J, Elliott J, Ibarrondo FJ, Anton PA, Rome LH, Maynard HD, Deming T, Yang OO. Human Vault Nanoparticle Targeted Delivery of Antiretroviral Drugs to Inhibit Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Infection. Bioconjug Chem 2019; 30:2216-2227. [PMID: 31265254 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.9b00451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
"Vaults" are ubiquitously expressed endogenous ribonucleoprotein nanoparticles with potential utility for targeted drug delivery. Here, we show that recombinant human vault nanoparticles are readily engulfed by certain key human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC), predominately dendritic cells, monocytes/macrophages, and activated T cells. As these cell types are the primary targets for human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection, we examined the utility of recombinant human vaults for targeted delivery of antiretroviral drugs. We chemically modified three different antiretroviral drugs, zidovudine, tenofovir, and elvitegravir, for direct conjugation to vaults. Tested in infection assays, drug-conjugated vaults inhibited HIV-1 infection of PBMC with equivalent activity to free drugs, indicating vault delivery and drug release in the cytoplasm of HIV-1-susceptible cells. The ability to deliver functional drugs via vault nanoparticle conjugates suggests their potential utility for targeted drug delivery against HIV-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer A Fulcher
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine , David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA , Los Angeles , California , United States
| | - Kyle Tamshen
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of California , Los Angeles , California , United States
| | - Alexander L Wollenberg
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of California , Los Angeles , California , United States
| | - Valerie A Kickhoefer
- Department of Biological Chemistry , David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA , Los Angeles , California , United States
| | - Jan Mrazek
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine , David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA , Los Angeles , California , United States
| | - Julie Elliott
- Vatche and Tamar Manoukian Division of Digestive Diseases , David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA , Los Angeles , California , United States
| | - F Javier Ibarrondo
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine , David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA , Los Angeles , California , United States
| | - Peter A Anton
- Vatche and Tamar Manoukian Division of Digestive Diseases , David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA , Los Angeles , California , United States.,AIDS Healthcare Foundation , Los Angeles , California , United States
| | - Leonard H Rome
- Department of Biological Chemistry , David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA , Los Angeles , California , United States.,California NanoSystems Institute , University of California , Los Angeles , California , United States
| | - Heather D Maynard
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of California , Los Angeles , California , United States.,California NanoSystems Institute , University of California , Los Angeles , California , United States.,Department of Bioengineering , University of California , Los Angeles , California , United States
| | - Timothy Deming
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of California , Los Angeles , California , United States.,California NanoSystems Institute , University of California , Los Angeles , California , United States.,Department of Bioengineering , University of California , Los Angeles , California , United States
| | - Otto O Yang
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine , David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA , Los Angeles , California , United States.,AIDS Healthcare Foundation , Los Angeles , California , United States
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28
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O’Mara B, Gao Z, Kuruganti M, Mallett R, Nayar G, Smith L, Meyer JD, Therriault J, Miller C, Cisney J, Fann J. Impact of depth filtration on disulfide bond reduction during downstream processing of monoclonal antibodies from CHO cell cultures. Biotechnol Bioeng 2019; 116:1669-1683. [DOI: 10.1002/bit.26964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2018] [Revised: 03/05/2019] [Accepted: 03/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Brian O’Mara
- BioProcess DevelopmentBristol‐Myers Squibb Co.Seattle Washington
| | - Zhong‐Hua Gao
- BioProcess DevelopmentBristol‐Myers Squibb Co.Seattle Washington
| | - Manju Kuruganti
- BioProcess DevelopmentBristol‐Myers Squibb Co.Seattle Washington
| | - Robert Mallett
- BioProcess DevelopmentBristol‐Myers Squibb Co.Seattle Washington
| | - Gautam Nayar
- BioProcess DevelopmentBristol‐Myers Squibb Co.Seattle Washington
| | - Laura Smith
- BioProcess DevelopmentBristol‐Myers Squibb Co.Seattle Washington
| | - Jeffrey D. Meyer
- BioProcess DevelopmentBristol‐Myers Squibb Co.Seattle Washington
| | - Jon Therriault
- BioProcess DevelopmentBristol‐Myers Squibb Co.Seattle Washington
| | - Cameron Miller
- BioProcess DevelopmentBristol‐Myers Squibb Co.Seattle Washington
| | - John Cisney
- BioProcess DevelopmentBristol‐Myers Squibb Co.Seattle Washington
| | - John Fann
- BioProcess DevelopmentBristol‐Myers Squibb Co.Seattle Washington
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29
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Dong W, Shi J, Yuan T, Qi B, Yu J, Dai J, He L. Antibody-drug conjugates of 7-ethyl-10-hydroxycamptothecin: Sacituzumab govitecan and labetuzumab govitecan. Eur J Med Chem 2019; 167:583-593. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2019.02.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2018] [Revised: 02/01/2019] [Accepted: 02/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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30
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Alves NJ. Antibody conjugation and formulation. Antib Ther 2019; 2:33-39. [PMID: 33928219 PMCID: PMC7990145 DOI: 10.1093/abt/tbz002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2018] [Revised: 01/31/2019] [Accepted: 02/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
In an era where ultra-high antibody concentrations, high viscosities, low volumes, auto-injectors and long storage requirements are already complex problems with the current unconjugated monoclonal antibodies on the market, the formulation demands for antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) are significant. Antibodies have historically been administered at relatively low concentrations through intravenous (IV) infusion due to their large size and the inability to formulate for oral delivery. Due to the high demands associated with IV infusion and the development of novel antibody targets and unique antibody conjugates, more accessible routes of administration such as intramuscular and subcutaneous are being explored. This review will summarize various site-specific and non-site-specific antibody conjugation techniques in the context of ADCs and the demands of formulation for high concentration clinical implementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan J Alves
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
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31
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Tsuchikama K. [Novel Chemical Linkers for Next-generation Antibody-drug Conjugates(ADCs)]. YAKUGAKU ZASSHI 2019; 139:209-219. [PMID: 30713230 DOI: 10.1248/yakushi.18-00169-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs), monoclonal antibodies conjugated with highly potent drugs (payloads) through chemical linkers, are an emerging class of therapeutic agents for cancer chemotherapy. Their clinical success has been demonstrated by the 4 ADCs already approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA), and more than 60 promising ADCs now in clinical trials. Further advancement of this novel molecular platform could potentially revolutionize current strategies and regimens for treating cancers. The linker structure and antibody-linker conjugation modality critically contribute to ADC homogeneity, circulation stability, pharmacokinetic profiles, tolerability, and overall treatment efficacy. Despite extensive efforts to improve these parameters, most ADC linkers used to date possess linear structures, and therefore accommodate only single payloads. The clinical potential of branched ADC linkers, enabling the installation of two payload molecules, remains unexplored because of the lack of efficient conjugation methods. In addition, according to a recent report, the stability of enzymatically cleavable linkers in mouse circulation is another crucial factor for the successful evaluation of ADCs in preclinical studies. In this review, I present my research group's effort to develop both branched linkers and efficient conjugation methods for constructing dual-loading ADCs with high homogeneity and enhanced potency. I also present a novel tripeptide ADC linker with enhanced stability in mouse circulation. Multidisciplinary experience, approaches, and collaboration are key to successfully advancing our ADC research programs. I herein describe how my experience in the U.S. has helped to develop and manage complex biomedical research projects in a small academic laboratory setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyoji Tsuchikama
- Texas Therapeutics Institute, The Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston
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32
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Lucas AT, Robinson R, Schorzman AN, Piscitelli JA, Razo JF, Zamboni WC. Pharmacologic Considerations in the Disposition of Antibodies and Antibody-Drug Conjugates in Preclinical Models and in Patients. Antibodies (Basel) 2019; 8:E3. [PMID: 31544809 PMCID: PMC6640706 DOI: 10.3390/antib8010003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2018] [Revised: 12/21/2018] [Accepted: 12/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The rapid advancement in the development of therapeutic proteins, including monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) and antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs), has created a novel mechanism to selectively deliver highly potent cytotoxic agents in the treatment of cancer. These agents provide numerous benefits compared to traditional small molecule drugs, though their clinical use still requires optimization. The pharmacology of mAbs/ADCs is complex and because ADCs are comprised of multiple components, individual agent characteristics and patient variables can affect their disposition. To further improve the clinical use and rational development of these agents, it is imperative to comprehend the complex mechanisms employed by antibody-based agents in traversing numerous biological barriers and how agent/patient factors affect tumor delivery, toxicities, efficacy, and ultimately, biodistribution. This review provides an updated summary of factors known to affect the disposition of mAbs/ADCs in development and in clinical use, as well as how these factors should be considered in the selection and design of preclinical studies of ADC agents in development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew T Lucas
- University of North Carolina (UNC), Eshelman School of Pharmacy, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA.
- Division of Pharmacotherapy and Experimental Therapeutics, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA.
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA.
| | - Ryan Robinson
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA.
| | - Allison N Schorzman
- Division of Pharmacotherapy and Experimental Therapeutics, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA.
| | - Joseph A Piscitelli
- University of North Carolina (UNC), Eshelman School of Pharmacy, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA.
| | - Juan F Razo
- University of North Carolina (UNC), Eshelman School of Pharmacy, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA.
| | - William C Zamboni
- University of North Carolina (UNC), Eshelman School of Pharmacy, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA.
- Division of Pharmacotherapy and Experimental Therapeutics, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA.
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA.
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33
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Vance N, Zacharias N, Ultsch M, Li G, Fourie A, Liu P, LaFrance-Vanasse J, Ernst JA, Sandoval W, Kozak KR, Phillips G, Wang W, Sadowsky J. Development, Optimization, and Structural Characterization of an Efficient Peptide-Based Photoaffinity Cross-Linking Reaction for Generation of Homogeneous Conjugates from Wild-Type Antibodies. Bioconjug Chem 2018; 30:148-160. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.8b00809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas Vance
- Research & Early Development, Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Neelie Zacharias
- Research & Early Development, Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Mark Ultsch
- Research & Early Development, Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Guangmin Li
- Research & Early Development, Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Aimee Fourie
- Research & Early Development, Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Peter Liu
- Research & Early Development, Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Julien LaFrance-Vanasse
- Research & Early Development, Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - James A. Ernst
- Research & Early Development, Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Wendy Sandoval
- Research & Early Development, Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Katherine R. Kozak
- Research & Early Development, Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Gail Phillips
- Research & Early Development, Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Weiru Wang
- Research & Early Development, Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Jack Sadowsky
- Research & Early Development, Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
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34
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Nittoli T, Kelly MP, Delfino F, Rudge J, Kunz A, Markotan T, Spink J, Chen Z, Shan J, Navarro E, Tait M, Provoncha K, Giurleo J, Zhao F, Jiang X, Hylton D, Makonnen S, Hickey C, Kirshner JR, Thurston G, Papadopoulos N. Antibody drug conjugates of cleavable amino-alkyl and aryl maytansinoids. Bioorg Med Chem 2018; 26:2271-2279. [PMID: 29605304 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2018.02.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2017] [Revised: 02/09/2018] [Accepted: 02/15/2018] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Natural products have been used for many medicinal purposes for centuries. Antibody drug conjugates (ADCs) have utilized this rich source of small molecule therapeutics to produce several clinically useful treatments. ADCs based on the natural product maytansine have been successful clinically. The authors further the utility of the anti-cancer natural product maytansine by developing efficacious payloads and linker-payloads for conjugating to antibodies. The success of our approach was realized in the EGFRvIII targeting ADC EGFRvIII-16. The ADC was able to regress tumors in 2 tumor models (U251/EGFRvIII and MMT/EGFRvIII). When compared to a positive control ADC, the efficacy observed was similar or improved while the isotype control ADCs had no effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Nittoli
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 777 Old Saw Mill River Road, Tarrytown, NY 10591, United States.
| | - Marcus P Kelly
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 777 Old Saw Mill River Road, Tarrytown, NY 10591, United States
| | - Frank Delfino
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 777 Old Saw Mill River Road, Tarrytown, NY 10591, United States
| | - John Rudge
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 777 Old Saw Mill River Road, Tarrytown, NY 10591, United States
| | - Arthur Kunz
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 777 Old Saw Mill River Road, Tarrytown, NY 10591, United States
| | - Thomas Markotan
- Abzena, 360 George Patterson Blvd, Bristol, PA 19007, United States
| | - Jan Spink
- Abzena, 360 George Patterson Blvd, Bristol, PA 19007, United States
| | - Zhaoyuan Chen
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 777 Old Saw Mill River Road, Tarrytown, NY 10591, United States
| | - Jing Shan
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 777 Old Saw Mill River Road, Tarrytown, NY 10591, United States
| | - Elizabeth Navarro
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 777 Old Saw Mill River Road, Tarrytown, NY 10591, United States
| | - Michele Tait
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 777 Old Saw Mill River Road, Tarrytown, NY 10591, United States
| | - Kathleen Provoncha
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 777 Old Saw Mill River Road, Tarrytown, NY 10591, United States
| | - Jason Giurleo
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 777 Old Saw Mill River Road, Tarrytown, NY 10591, United States
| | - Feng Zhao
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 777 Old Saw Mill River Road, Tarrytown, NY 10591, United States
| | - Xiaobo Jiang
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 777 Old Saw Mill River Road, Tarrytown, NY 10591, United States
| | - Donna Hylton
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 777 Old Saw Mill River Road, Tarrytown, NY 10591, United States
| | - Sosina Makonnen
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 777 Old Saw Mill River Road, Tarrytown, NY 10591, United States
| | - Carlos Hickey
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 777 Old Saw Mill River Road, Tarrytown, NY 10591, United States
| | - Jessica R Kirshner
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 777 Old Saw Mill River Road, Tarrytown, NY 10591, United States
| | - Gavin Thurston
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 777 Old Saw Mill River Road, Tarrytown, NY 10591, United States
| | - Nicholas Papadopoulos
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 777 Old Saw Mill River Road, Tarrytown, NY 10591, United States
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35
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Challenges of Antibody Drug Conjugates in Cancer Therapy: Current Understanding of Mechanisms and Future Strategies. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s40495-018-0122-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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36
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Lucas AT, Price LSL, Schorzman AN, Storrie M, Piscitelli JA, Razo J, Zamboni WC. Factors Affecting the Pharmacology of Antibody-Drug Conjugates. Antibodies (Basel) 2018; 7:E10. [PMID: 31544862 PMCID: PMC6698819 DOI: 10.3390/antib7010010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2017] [Revised: 01/30/2018] [Accepted: 02/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Major advances in therapeutic proteins, including antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs), have created revolutionary drug delivery systems in cancer over the past decade. While these immunoconjugate agents provide several advantages compared to their small-molecule counterparts, their clinical use is still in its infancy. The considerations in their development and clinical use are complex, and consist of multiple components and variables that can affect the pharmacologic characteristics. It is critical to understand the mechanisms employed by ADCs in navigating biological barriers and how these factors affect their biodistribution, delivery to tumors, efficacy, and toxicity. Thus, future studies are warranted to better understand the complex pharmacology and interaction between ADC carriers and biological systems, such as the mononuclear phagocyte system (MPS) and tumor microenvironment. This review provides an overview of factors that affect the pharmacologic profiles of ADC therapies that are currently in clinical use and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew T Lucas
- Division of Pharmacotherapy and Experimental Therapeutics, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA.
- UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA.
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA.
| | - Lauren S L Price
- Division of Pharmacotherapy and Experimental Therapeutics, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA.
| | - Allison N Schorzman
- Division of Pharmacotherapy and Experimental Therapeutics, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA.
| | - Mallory Storrie
- UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA.
| | | | - Juan Razo
- UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA.
| | - William C Zamboni
- Division of Pharmacotherapy and Experimental Therapeutics, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA.
- UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA.
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA.
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37
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Modulation of Macropinocytosis-Mediated Internalization Decreases Ocular Toxicity of Antibody–Drug Conjugates. Cancer Res 2018; 78:2115-2126. [DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-17-3202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2017] [Revised: 12/19/2017] [Accepted: 01/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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38
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Källsten M, Hartmann R, Artemenko K, Lind SB, Lehmann F, Bergquist J. Qualitative analysis of antibody–drug conjugates (ADCs): an experimental comparison of analytical techniques of cysteine-linked ADCs. Analyst 2018; 143:5487-5496. [DOI: 10.1039/c8an01178h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Four different cysteine linked antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) consisting of Trastuzumab-vc-MMAE were analysed with four common analytical techniques with respect to drug-to-antibody ratio (DAR) and molecular weight.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malin Källsten
- Department of Chemistry-BMC
- Analytical Chemistry
- Uppsala University
- Uppsala
- Sweden
| | - Rafael Hartmann
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry
- Organic Pharmaceutical Chemistry
- BMC
- Uppsala University
- SE-751 23 Uppsala
| | | | - Sara Bergström Lind
- Department of Chemistry-BMC
- Analytical Chemistry
- Uppsala University
- Uppsala
- Sweden
| | | | - Jonas Bergquist
- Department of Chemistry-BMC
- Analytical Chemistry
- Uppsala University
- Uppsala
- Sweden
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39
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Bryden F, Martin C, Letast S, Lles E, Viéitez-Villemin I, Rousseau A, Colas C, Brachet-Botineau M, Allard-Vannier E, Larbouret C, Viaud-Massuard MC, Joubert N. Impact of cathepsin B-sensitive triggers and hydrophilic linkers onin vitroefficacy of novel site-specific antibody–drug conjugates. Org Biomol Chem 2018; 16:1882-1889. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ob02780j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Promising anti-HER2 site-specific ADCs with anin vitroefficacy equivalent to Kadcyla®.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Camille Martin
- UMR7292 GICC CNRS-Université de Tours
- Team IMT
- 37200 Tours
- France
| | | | - Eva Lles
- U1194 INSERM
- IRCM
- Team Immunociblage et radiobiologie en Oncologie
- ICM
- 34298 Montpellier
| | | | - Anaïs Rousseau
- UMR7292 GICC CNRS-Université de Tours
- Team IMT
- 37200 Tours
- France
| | - Cyril Colas
- UMR7311 ICOA CNRS-Université d'Orléans
- France
| | - Marie Brachet-Botineau
- UMR7292 GICC CNRS-Université de Tours
- Team LNOx
- Faculté de Médecine
- Bâtiment Dutrochet
- 37032 Tours
| | | | - Christel Larbouret
- U1194 INSERM
- IRCM
- Team Immunociblage et radiobiologie en Oncologie
- ICM
- 34298 Montpellier
| | | | - Nicolas Joubert
- UMR7292 GICC CNRS-Université de Tours
- Team IMT
- 37200 Tours
- France
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40
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Immunoprecipitation middle-up LC–MS for in vivo drug-to-antibody ratio determination for antibody–drug conjugates. Bioanalysis 2017; 9:1535-1549. [DOI: 10.4155/bio-2017-0148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim: Drug-to-antibody ratio (DAR) determination is critical for development of antibody–drug conjugates (ADCs). This work presents a middle-up LC–MS approach for DAR analysis using prelabeled capture beads and in-house fabricated slit-plates. Methodology & Results: Cysteine, engineered cysteine and disulfide-linked ADCs, each with two different linker payloads, were immunocaptured and digested to scFc and F(ab′)2 fragments. At this point, disulfide-linked ADCs were analyzed while cysteine and engineered cysteine ADCs were reduced to LC and Fd′ fragments for analysis. Results were precise, accurate and sensitive, allowing DAR to be determined out to 21 days. Conclusion: This work describes a method that is easily implemented, amenable to high-throughput analysis and does not require specialized reagents or equipment.
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41
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Wang S, Zhou R, Sun F, Li R, Wang M, Wu M. The two novel DLL4-targeting antibody-drug conjugates MvM03 and MGD03 show potent anti-tumour activity in breast cancer xenograft models. Cancer Lett 2017; 409:125-136. [PMID: 28923397 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2017.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2017] [Revised: 08/28/2017] [Accepted: 09/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The anti-human Delta-like 4 (DLL4) monoclonal antibody MMGZ01 has a high affinity to hrDLL4 and arrests the DLL4-mediated human umbilical vein endothelial cell (HUVEC) phenotype, promotes immature vessels, and effectively reduces breast cancer cell growth in vivo. To develop a much more effective therapy, we conjugated MMGZ01 with two small-molecule cytotoxic agents, i.e., monomethyl auristatin E (MMAE) and doxorubicin (DOX), with different linkers to generate antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs), i.e., MMGZ01-vc-MMAE (named MvM03) and MMGZ01-GMBS-DOX (named MGD03), that are more potent therapeutic agents than naked antibody therapeutic agents. The produced anti-DLL4 ADCs can be effectively directed against DLL4 and internalized. Then, the release of MMAE or DOX into the cytosol can induce G2/M or G0/G1 phase growth arrest and cell death through the induction of apoptosis. In vitro, MvM03 was highly potent and selective against DLL4 cell lines. The anti-DLL4 ADCs, particularly MvM03, showed more potent anti-tumour activity than Docetaxel, which is an inhibitor of the depolymerisation of microtubules, in two xenograft breast cancer tumour models. Our findings indicate that anti-DLL4 ADCs have promising potential as an effective therapy for breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shijing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Rihong Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Fumou Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Renjie Li
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Min Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China.
| | - Min Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China.
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42
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Targeting of Tumor Neovasculature with GrB/VEGF 121, a Novel Cytotoxic Fusion Protein. Biomedicines 2017; 5:biomedicines5030042. [PMID: 28714916 PMCID: PMC5618300 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines5030042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2017] [Revised: 07/07/2017] [Accepted: 07/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Angiogenesis is a critical process in numerous diseases, and intervention in neovascularization has therapeutic value in several disease settings, including ocular diseases, arthritis, and in tumor progression and metastatic spread. Various vascular targeting agents have been developed, including those that inhibit growth factor receptor tyrosine kinases, blocking antibodies that interfere with receptor signal transduction, and strategies that trap growth factor ligands. Limited anti-tumor efficacy studies have suggested that the targeted delivery of the human pro-apoptotic molecule Granzyme B to tumor cells has significant potential for cancer treatment. Here, we review biological vascular targeting agents, and describe a unique vascular targeting agent composed of Granzyme B and the VEGF receptor ligand VEGF121. The fusion protein GrB/VEGF121 demonstrates cytotoxicity at nanomolar or sub-nanomolar levels, excellent pharmacokinetic and efficacy profiles, and has significant therapeutic potential targeting tumor vasculature.
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43
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Sun X, Ponte JF, Yoder NC, Laleau R, Coccia J, Lanieri L, Qiu Q, Wu R, Hong E, Bogalhas M, Wang L, Dong L, Setiady Y, Maloney EK, Ab O, Zhang X, Pinkas J, Keating TA, Chari R, Erickson HK, Lambert JM. Effects of Drug–Antibody Ratio on Pharmacokinetics, Biodistribution, Efficacy, and Tolerability of Antibody–Maytansinoid Conjugates. Bioconjug Chem 2017; 28:1371-1381. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.7b00062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiuxia Sun
- ImmunoGen, Inc., 830 Winter Street, Waltham, Massachusetts 02451, United States
| | - Jose F. Ponte
- ImmunoGen, Inc., 830 Winter Street, Waltham, Massachusetts 02451, United States
| | - Nicholas C. Yoder
- ImmunoGen, Inc., 830 Winter Street, Waltham, Massachusetts 02451, United States
| | - Rassol Laleau
- ImmunoGen, Inc., 830 Winter Street, Waltham, Massachusetts 02451, United States
| | - Jennifer Coccia
- ImmunoGen, Inc., 830 Winter Street, Waltham, Massachusetts 02451, United States
| | - Leanne Lanieri
- ImmunoGen, Inc., 830 Winter Street, Waltham, Massachusetts 02451, United States
| | - Qifeng Qiu
- ImmunoGen, Inc., 830 Winter Street, Waltham, Massachusetts 02451, United States
| | - Rui Wu
- ImmunoGen, Inc., 830 Winter Street, Waltham, Massachusetts 02451, United States
| | - Erica Hong
- ImmunoGen, Inc., 830 Winter Street, Waltham, Massachusetts 02451, United States
| | - Megan Bogalhas
- ImmunoGen, Inc., 830 Winter Street, Waltham, Massachusetts 02451, United States
| | - Lintao Wang
- ImmunoGen, Inc., 830 Winter Street, Waltham, Massachusetts 02451, United States
| | - Ling Dong
- ImmunoGen, Inc., 830 Winter Street, Waltham, Massachusetts 02451, United States
| | - Yulius Setiady
- ImmunoGen, Inc., 830 Winter Street, Waltham, Massachusetts 02451, United States
| | - Erin K. Maloney
- ImmunoGen, Inc., 830 Winter Street, Waltham, Massachusetts 02451, United States
| | - Olga Ab
- ImmunoGen, Inc., 830 Winter Street, Waltham, Massachusetts 02451, United States
| | - Xiaoyan Zhang
- ImmunoGen, Inc., 830 Winter Street, Waltham, Massachusetts 02451, United States
| | - Jan Pinkas
- ImmunoGen, Inc., 830 Winter Street, Waltham, Massachusetts 02451, United States
| | - Thomas A. Keating
- ImmunoGen, Inc., 830 Winter Street, Waltham, Massachusetts 02451, United States
| | - Ravi Chari
- ImmunoGen, Inc., 830 Winter Street, Waltham, Massachusetts 02451, United States
| | - Hans K. Erickson
- ImmunoGen, Inc., 830 Winter Street, Waltham, Massachusetts 02451, United States
| | - John M. Lambert
- ImmunoGen, Inc., 830 Winter Street, Waltham, Massachusetts 02451, United States
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44
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Mendelsohn BA, Barnscher SD, Snyder JT, An Z, Dodd JM, Dugal-Tessier J. Investigation of Hydrophilic Auristatin Derivatives for Use in Antibody Drug Conjugates. Bioconjug Chem 2017; 28:371-381. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.6b00530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Brian A. Mendelsohn
- Agensys Inc. an affiliate
of Astellas Pharma Inc., 1800 Stewart
Street, Santa Monica, California 90404, United States
| | - Stuart D. Barnscher
- Agensys Inc. an affiliate
of Astellas Pharma Inc., 1800 Stewart
Street, Santa Monica, California 90404, United States
| | - Josh T. Snyder
- Agensys Inc. an affiliate
of Astellas Pharma Inc., 1800 Stewart
Street, Santa Monica, California 90404, United States
| | - Zili An
- Agensys Inc. an affiliate
of Astellas Pharma Inc., 1800 Stewart
Street, Santa Monica, California 90404, United States
| | - Jennifer M. Dodd
- Agensys Inc. an affiliate
of Astellas Pharma Inc., 1800 Stewart
Street, Santa Monica, California 90404, United States
| | - Julien Dugal-Tessier
- Agensys Inc. an affiliate
of Astellas Pharma Inc., 1800 Stewart
Street, Santa Monica, California 90404, United States
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45
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Anami Y, Xiong W, Gui X, Deng M, Zhang CC, Zhang N, An Z, Tsuchikama K. Enzymatic conjugation using branched linkers for constructing homogeneous antibody–drug conjugates with high potency. Org Biomol Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ob01027c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
An efficient enzymatic method using branched linkers was developed for the construction of potent homogeneous antibody–drug conjugates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuaki Anami
- Texas Therapeutics Institute
- The Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine
- The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston
- 1881 East Road
- Houston
| | - Wei Xiong
- Texas Therapeutics Institute
- The Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine
- The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston
- 1881 East Road
- Houston
| | - Xun Gui
- Texas Therapeutics Institute
- The Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine
- The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston
- 1881 East Road
- Houston
| | - Mi Deng
- Departments of Physiology and Developmental Biology
- The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center
- 6001 Forest Park Road
- Dallas
- USA
| | - Cheng Cheng Zhang
- Departments of Physiology and Developmental Biology
- The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center
- 6001 Forest Park Road
- Dallas
- USA
| | - Ningyan Zhang
- Texas Therapeutics Institute
- The Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine
- The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston
- 1881 East Road
- Houston
| | - Zhiqiang An
- Texas Therapeutics Institute
- The Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine
- The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston
- 1881 East Road
- Houston
| | - Kyoji Tsuchikama
- Texas Therapeutics Institute
- The Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine
- The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston
- 1881 East Road
- Houston
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46
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Calculated conjugated payload from immunoassay and LC–MS intact protein analysis measurements of antibody-drug conjugate. Bioanalysis 2016; 8:2205-2217. [DOI: 10.4155/bio-2016-0160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim: Complex nature of bioconjugates require multiple bioanalytical approaches to support PK and absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion characterization. For antibody-drug conjugate (ADC) bioanalysis both LC–MS and ligand-binding assays (LBAs) are employed. Results: A method consisting of immunocapture extraction of ADC from biomatrices followed by LC–MS analysis of light and heavy chain is described. Drug antibody ratio (DAR) profiles of ADC Tras-mcVC-PF06380101 dosed at 0.3, 1 and 3 mg/kg in Sprague Dawley rats were obtained. Combined with total antibody (monoclonal antibody) measurement by LBA, conjugated payload concentration was calculated. Conclusion: PK profiles from LBA, ADC and calculated conjugated payload (DAR × monoclonal antibody) were in good agreement. We present a new tool for PK assessment of ADCs while also exploring ADC metabolism and DAR sensitivity of LBA ADC assay.
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47
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Tsuchikama K, An Z. Antibody-drug conjugates: recent advances in conjugation and linker chemistries. Protein Cell 2016; 9:33-46. [PMID: 27743348 PMCID: PMC5777969 DOI: 10.1007/s13238-016-0323-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 453] [Impact Index Per Article: 56.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2016] [Accepted: 08/06/2016] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The antibody-drug conjugate (ADC), a humanized or human monoclonal antibody conjugated with highly cytotoxic small molecules (payloads) through chemical linkers, is a novel therapeutic format and has great potential to make a paradigm shift in cancer chemotherapy. This new antibody-based molecular platform enables selective delivery of a potent cytotoxic payload to target cancer cells, resulting in improved efficacy, reduced systemic toxicity, and preferable pharmacokinetics (PK)/pharmacodynamics (PD) and biodistribution compared to traditional chemotherapy. Boosted by the successes of FDA-approved Adcetris® and Kadcyla®, this drug class has been rapidly growing along with about 60 ADCs currently in clinical trials. In this article, we briefly review molecular aspects of each component (the antibody, payload, and linker) of ADCs, and then mainly discuss traditional and new technologies of the conjugation and linker chemistries for successful construction of clinically effective ADCs. Current efforts in the conjugation and linker chemistries will provide greater insights into molecular design and strategies for clinically effective ADCs from medicinal chemistry and pharmacology standpoints. The development of site-specific conjugation methodologies for constructing homogeneous ADCs is an especially promising path to improving ADC design, which will open the way for novel cancer therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyoji Tsuchikama
- Texas Therapeutics Institute, The Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, 77054, USA.
| | - Zhiqiang An
- Texas Therapeutics Institute, The Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, 77054, USA
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48
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Bobály B, Sipkó E, Fekete J. Challenges in liquid chromatographic characterization of proteins. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2016; 1032:3-22. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2016.04.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2016] [Revised: 04/07/2016] [Accepted: 04/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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49
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Büyüktimkin B, Stewart J, Tabanor K, Kiptoo P, Siahaan TJ. Protein and Peptide Conjugates for Targeting Therapeutics and Diagnostics to Specific Cells. Drug Deliv 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/9781118833322.ch20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
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50
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Yao H, Jiang F, Lu A, Zhang G. Methods to Design and Synthesize Antibody-Drug Conjugates (ADCs). Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:E194. [PMID: 26848651 PMCID: PMC4783928 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17020194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2016] [Revised: 01/28/2016] [Accepted: 01/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) have become a promising targeted therapy strategy that combines the specificity, favorable pharmacokinetics and biodistributions of antibodies with the destructive potential of highly potent drugs. One of the biggest challenges in the development of ADCs is the application of suitable linkers for conjugating drugs to antibodies. Recently, the design and synthesis of linkers are making great progress. In this review, we present the methods that are currently used to synthesize antibody-drug conjugates by using thiols, amines, alcohols, aldehydes and azides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Houzong Yao
- Institute for Advancing Translational Medicine in Bone & Joint Diseases, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Feng Jiang
- Institute for Advancing Translational Medicine in Bone & Joint Diseases, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China.
- Faculty of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, the State Key Laboratory Base of Novel Functional Materials and Preparation Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Aiping Lu
- Institute for Advancing Translational Medicine in Bone & Joint Diseases, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Ge Zhang
- Institute for Advancing Translational Medicine in Bone & Joint Diseases, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China.
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