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Wilke N, Frias C, Berkessel A, Prokop A. (2,6-Dimethylphenyl)arsonic Acid Induces Apoptosis through the Mitochondrial Pathway, Downregulates XIAP, and Overcomes Multidrug Resistance to Cytostatic Drugs in Leukemia and Lymphoma Cells In Vitro. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:4713. [PMID: 38731935 PMCID: PMC11083614 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25094713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2024] [Revised: 04/13/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Cancer treatment is greatly challenged by drug resistance, highlighting the need for novel drug discoveries. Here, we investigated novel organoarsenic compounds regarding their resistance-breaking and apoptosis-inducing properties in leukemia and lymphoma. Notably, the compound (2,6-dimethylphenyl)arsonic acid (As2) demonstrated significant inhibition of cell proliferation and induction of apoptosis in leukemia and lymphoma cells while sparing healthy leukocytes. As2 reached half of its maximum activity (AC50) against leukemia cells at around 6.3 µM. Further experiments showed that As2 overcomes multidrug resistance and sensitizes drug-resistant leukemia and lymphoma cell lines to treatments with the common cytostatic drugs vincristine, daunorubicin, and cytarabine at low micromolar concentrations. Mechanistic investigations of As2-mediated apoptosis involving FADD (FAS-associated death domain)-deficient or Smac (second mitochondria-derived activator of caspases)/DIABLO (direct IAP binding protein with low pI)-overexpressing cell lines, western blot analysis of caspase-9 cleavage, and measurements of mitochondrial membrane integrity identified the mitochondrial apoptosis pathway as the main mode of action. Downregulation of XIAP (x-linked inhibitor of apoptosis protein) and apoptosis induction independent of Bcl-2 (B-cell lymphoma 2) and caspase-3 expression levels suggest the activation of additional apoptosis-promoting mechanisms. Due to the selective apoptosis induction, the synergistic effects with common anti-cancer drugs, and the ability to overcome multidrug resistance in vitro, As2 represents a promising candidate for further preclinical investigations with respect to refractory malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathalie Wilke
- Department of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Children’s Hospital Cologne, Amsterdamer Straße 59, 50735 Cologne, Germany
| | - Corazon Frias
- Department of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Children’s Hospital Cologne, Amsterdamer Straße 59, 50735 Cologne, Germany
- Department of Pediatric Oncology/Hematology, Helios Clinics Schwerin, Wismarsche Straße 393–397, 19049 Schwerin, Germany
- Medical School Hamburg (MSH), University of Applied Sciences and Medical University, Am Kaiserkai 1, 20457 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Albrecht Berkessel
- Department of Chemistry, Organic Chemistry, University of Cologne, Greinstraße 4, 50939 Cologne, Germany
| | - Aram Prokop
- Department of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Children’s Hospital Cologne, Amsterdamer Straße 59, 50735 Cologne, Germany
- Department of Pediatric Oncology/Hematology, Helios Clinics Schwerin, Wismarsche Straße 393–397, 19049 Schwerin, Germany
- Medical School Hamburg (MSH), University of Applied Sciences and Medical University, Am Kaiserkai 1, 20457 Hamburg, Germany
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2
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Kidd SR, Zhou W, Warren JJ, Leznoff DB. Inducing ring distortions in unsubstituted metallophthalocyanines using axial N-heterocyclic carbenes. Dalton Trans 2024; 53:6537-6546. [PMID: 38498318 DOI: 10.1039/d4dt00528g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
A series of metallophthalocyanine (PcM) complexes with axial N-heterocyclic carbene ligands (NHC; 1,3-diisopropylimidazol-2-ylidene (DIP) and 1,3-dimethylbenzimidazol-2-ylidene (DMB)) were prepared and structurally characterized. PcCoII(DIP), PcZnII(DIP), and PcZnII(DMB) are five-coordinate complexes with mild dome-type Pc-ring distortions, while PcFeII(DIP)2 is six-coordinate and has a very large ruffle-type ring-distortion with respect to typical PcM(L)2 systems. The distortion is induced by the highly steric axial DIP ligands. The distortions were quantified and classified by their bond lengths and torsion angles, and according to the normal-coordinate structural decomposition (NSD) analysis. Upon ligation of the NHC, the insoluble PcM materials were solublized in common organic solvents, with typical UV-visible Q-band maxima observable between 658 and 677 nm; the increased solubility is rationalized in terms of the reduced solid-state aggregation of the complexes, attributable to the axial ligation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven R Kidd
- Simon Fraser University, Department of Chemistry, 8888 University Drive, Burnaby BC V5A 1S6, Canada.
| | - Wen Zhou
- Simon Fraser University, Department of Chemistry, 8888 University Drive, Burnaby BC V5A 1S6, Canada.
| | - Jeffrey J Warren
- Simon Fraser University, Department of Chemistry, 8888 University Drive, Burnaby BC V5A 1S6, Canada.
| | - Daniel B Leznoff
- Simon Fraser University, Department of Chemistry, 8888 University Drive, Burnaby BC V5A 1S6, Canada.
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3
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Varna D, Geromichalos G, Gioftsidou DK, Tzimopoulos D, Hatzidimitriou AG, Dalezis P, Papi R, Trafalis D, Angaridis PA. N-heterocyclic-carbene vs diphosphine auxiliary ligands in thioamidato Cu(I) and Ag(I) complexes towards the development of potent and dual-activity antibacterial and apoptosis-inducing anticancer agents. J Inorg Biochem 2024; 252:112472. [PMID: 38215535 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2023.112472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Revised: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/14/2024]
Abstract
Group 11 metal complexes exhibit promising antibacterial and anticancer properties which can be further enhanced by appropriate ligands. Herein, a series of mononuclear thioamidato Cu(I) and Ag(I) complexes bearing either a diphosphine (P^P) or a N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) auxiliary ligand (L) was synthesized, and the impact of the co-ligand L on the in vitro antibacterial and anticancer properties of their complexes was assessed. All complexes effectively inhibited the growth of various bacterial strains, with the NHC-Cu(I) complex found to be particularly effective against the Gram (+) bacteria (IC50 = 1-4 μg mL-1). Cytotoxicity studies against various human cancer cells revealed their high anticancer potency and the superior activity of the NHC-Ag(I) complex (IC50 = 0.95-4.5 μΜ). Flow cytometric analysis on lung and breast cancer cells treated with the NHC-Ag(I) complex suggested an apoptotic cell-death pathway; molecular docking calculations provided mechanistic insights, proving the capacity of the complex to bind on apoptosis-regulating proteins and affect their functionalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Despoina Varna
- Laboratory of Inorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - George Geromichalos
- Laboratory of Inorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Dimitra K Gioftsidou
- Laboratory of Inorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Demetrios Tzimopoulos
- Laboratory of Inorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Antonios G Hatzidimitriou
- Laboratory of Inorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Panagiotis Dalezis
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 75 Mikras Asias Street, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Rigini Papi
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki 54124, Greece
| | - Dimitrios Trafalis
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 75 Mikras Asias Street, 11527 Athens, Greece.
| | - Panagiotis A Angaridis
- Laboratory of Inorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece.
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Dube NP, Thatyana M, Mokgalaka-Fleischmann NS, Mansour AM, Tembu VJ, Manicum ALE. Review on the Applications of Selected Metal-Based Complexes on Infectious Diseases. Molecules 2024; 29:406. [PMID: 38257319 PMCID: PMC10819944 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29020406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Revised: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Fatalities caused by infectious diseases (i.e., diseases caused by parasite, bacteria, and viruses) have become reinstated as a major public health threat globally. Factors such as antimicrobial resistance and viral complications are the key contributors to the death numbers. As a result, new compounds with structural diversity classes are critical for controlling the virulence of pathogens that are multi-drug resistant. Derivatization of bio-active organic molecules with organometallic synthons is a promising strategy for modifying the inherent and enhanced properties of biomolecules. Due to their redox chemistry, bioactivity, and structural diversity, organometallic moieties make excellent candidates for lead structures in drug development. Furthermore, organometallic compounds open an array of potential in therapy that existing organic molecules lack, i.e., their ability to fulfill drug availability and resolve the frequent succumbing of organic molecules to drug resistance. Additionally, metal complexes have the potential towards metal-specific modes of action, preventing bacteria from developing resistance mechanisms. This review's main contribution is to provide a thorough account of the biological efficacy (in vitro and in vitro) of metal-based complexes against infectious diseases. This resource can also be utilized in conjunction with corresponding journals on metal-based complexes investigated against infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nondumiso P. Dube
- Department of Chemistry, Tshwane University of Technology, 175 Nelson Mandela Drive, Private Bag X680, Pretoria 0001, South Africa; (N.P.D.); (M.T.); (N.S.M.-F.); (V.J.T.)
| | - Maxwell Thatyana
- Department of Chemistry, Tshwane University of Technology, 175 Nelson Mandela Drive, Private Bag X680, Pretoria 0001, South Africa; (N.P.D.); (M.T.); (N.S.M.-F.); (V.J.T.)
| | - Ntebogeng S. Mokgalaka-Fleischmann
- Department of Chemistry, Tshwane University of Technology, 175 Nelson Mandela Drive, Private Bag X680, Pretoria 0001, South Africa; (N.P.D.); (M.T.); (N.S.M.-F.); (V.J.T.)
| | - Ahmed M. Mansour
- Department of Chemistry, United Arab Emirates University, Al-Ain 15551, United Arab Emirates;
| | - Vuyelwa J. Tembu
- Department of Chemistry, Tshwane University of Technology, 175 Nelson Mandela Drive, Private Bag X680, Pretoria 0001, South Africa; (N.P.D.); (M.T.); (N.S.M.-F.); (V.J.T.)
| | - Amanda-Lee E. Manicum
- Department of Chemistry, Tshwane University of Technology, 175 Nelson Mandela Drive, Private Bag X680, Pretoria 0001, South Africa; (N.P.D.); (M.T.); (N.S.M.-F.); (V.J.T.)
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5
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Khan HA, Isab AA, Alhomida AS, Gatasheh MK, Alhoshani AR, Aldhafeeri BA, Prasad NR. Synthesis of a Novel Gold(I) Complex and Evaluation of Its Anticancer Properties in Breast Cancer Cells. Anticancer Agents Med Chem 2024; 24:379-388. [PMID: 38305390 PMCID: PMC11092555 DOI: 10.2174/0118715206281182231127113608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Revised: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Platinum complexes are commonly used for cancer chemotherapy; however, they are not only highly-priced but also have various side effects. It is, therefore, important to design affordable anticancer drugs with minimal side effects. METHODS We synthesized a new gold(I) complex, PF6{(BDPEA)(TPPMS) digold(I)} (abbreviated as PBTDG) and tested its cytotoxicity in MCF-7 breast cancer cells. We also evaluated the effects of PBTDG on mitochondrial membrane potential, generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and apoptosis in breast cancer cells. RESULTS The IC50 values for PBTDG and sorafenib were found to be 1.48 μM and 4.45 μM, respectively. Exposure to PBTDG caused significant and concentration-dependent depletion of ATP and disruption of mitochondrial membrane potential. PBTDG induced 2.6, 3.6, and 5.7-fold apoptosis for 1 μM, 3 μM, and 10 μM concentrations, respectively. The induction of apoptosis by the same concentrations of sorafenib was 1.2, 1.3, and 1.6-fold, respectively. The low concentration of PBTDG (1 μM) induced the generation of ROS by 99.83%, which was significantly higher than the ROS generation caused by the same concentration of sorafenib (73.76%). The ROS induction caused by higher concentrations (5 μM) of PBTDG and sorafenib were 104.95% and 122.11%, respectively. CONCLUSION The lower concentration of PBTDG produced similar cytotoxicity and apoptotic effects that were caused by a comparatively higher concentration of known anticancer drug (sorafenib). The anticancer effects of PBTDG are attributed to its tendency to disrupt mitochondrial membrane potential, induction of apoptosis and generation of ROS. Further studies are warranted to test the anticancer effects of PBTDG in animal models of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haseeb Ahmad Khan
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Anvarhusein Abdulkadir Isab
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah Saleh Alhomida
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mansour Khalil Gatasheh
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ali Rashid Alhoshani
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Bashayr Ahmed Aldhafeeri
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - N Rajendra Prasad
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Annamalai University, Annamalai Nagar, India
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Yuan J, Liu Z, Dong Y, Gao F, Xia X, Wang P, Luo Y, Zhang Z, Yan D, Zhang W. Pioneering 4,11-Dioxo-4,11-dihydro-1 H-anthra[2,3- d]imidazol-3-ium Compounds as Promising Survivin Inhibitors by Targeting ILF3/NF110 for Cancer Therapy. J Med Chem 2023; 66:16843-16868. [PMID: 38079530 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.3c01551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2023]
Abstract
Survivin is a novel attractive target for cancer therapy; however, it is considered undruggable because it lacks enzymatic activities. Herein, we describe our efforts toward the discovery of a novel series of 4,11-dioxo-4,11-dihydro-1H-anthra[2,3-d]imidazol-3-ium derivatives as survivin inhibitors by targeting ILF3/NF110. Intensive structural modifications led us to identify a lead compound AQIM-I, which remarkably inhibited nonsmall cell lung cancer cells A549 with an IC50 value of 9 nM and solid tumor cell proliferation with more than 700-fold selectivity against human normal cells. Further biological studies revealed that compound AQIM-I significantly inhibited survivin expression and colony formation and induced ROS production, apoptosis, cell cycle arrest, DNA damage, and autophagy. Furthermore, the promoter-luciferase reporter assay showed that AQIM-I attenuated the survivin promoter activity enhanced by the overexpression of ILF3/NF110 in a concentration-dependent manner, and specific binding (KD = 163 nM) of AQIM-I to ILF3/NF110 was detected by surface plasmon resonance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Yuan
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Chiral Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China
| | - Zhanxiong Liu
- Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China
| | - Yachun Dong
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Chiral Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China
| | - Feng Gao
- Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China
| | - Xuelin Xia
- Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China
| | - Penghui Wang
- Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China
| | - Yanli Luo
- Department of Pathology, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200233, P. R. China
| | - Zhenfeng Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Chiral Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China
| | - Deyue Yan
- Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China
| | - Wanbin Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Chiral Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China
- Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China
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7
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Casagrande N, Borghese C, Corona G, Aldinucci D, Altaf M, Sulaiman AAA, Isab AA, Ahmad S, Peedikakkal AMP. Dinuclear gold(I) complexes based on carbene and diphosphane ligands: bis[2-(dicyclohexylphosphano)ethyl]amine complex inhibits the proteasome activity, decreases stem cell markers and spheroid viability in lung cancer cells. J Biol Inorg Chem 2023; 28:751-766. [PMID: 37955736 DOI: 10.1007/s00775-023-02025-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023]
Abstract
Three new dinuclear gold(I) complexes (1-3) containing a carbene (1,3-Bis(2,6-di-isopropylphenyl)imidazol-2-ylidene (IPr)) and diphosphane ligands [bis(1,2-diphenylphosphano)ethane (Dppe), bis(1,3-diphenylphosphano)propane (Dppp) and bis[2-(dicyclohexylphosphano)ethyl]amine (DCyPA)], were synthesized and characterized by elemental analysis and, ESI-MS, mid FT-IR and NMR spectroscopic methods. The structures of complexes 2 and 3 were determined by X-ray crystallography, which revealed that the complexes are dinuclear having gold(I) ions linearly coordinated. The anticancer activities of the complexes (1-3) were evaluated in lung (A549), breast (MC-F7), prostate (PC-3), osteosarcoma (MG-63) and ovarian (A2780 and A2780cis) cancer models. Growth inhibition by the new complexes was higher than cisplatin in all cell lines tested. The mechanism of action of complex 3 was investigated in A549 cells using 2-dimensional (2D) models and 3D-multicellular tumor spheroids. Treatment of A549 cells with complex 3 caused: the induction of apoptosis and the generation of reactive oxygen species; the cell cycle arrest in the G0/G1 phase; the inhibition of both the proteasome and the NF-kB activity; the down-regulation of lung cancer stem cell markers (NOTCH1, CD133, ALDH1 and CD44). Complex 3 was more active than cisplatin also in 3D models of A549 lung cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naike Casagrande
- Molecular Oncology, Centro Di Riferimento Oncologico Di Aviano (CRO) IRCCS, 33081, Aviano, Italy
| | - Cinzia Borghese
- Molecular Oncology, Centro Di Riferimento Oncologico Di Aviano (CRO) IRCCS, 33081, Aviano, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Corona
- Immunopathology and Cancer Biomarkers Unit, Centro Di Riferimento Oncologico Di Aviano (CRO), IRCCS, 33081, Aviano, Italy
| | - Donatella Aldinucci
- Molecular Oncology, Centro Di Riferimento Oncologico Di Aviano (CRO) IRCCS, 33081, Aviano, Italy.
| | - Muhammad Altaf
- Department of Chemistry, Government College University Lahore, Lahore, 54000, Pakistan
| | - Adam A A Sulaiman
- Core Research Facilities (CRF), King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, 31261, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia.
- Department of Chemistry, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, 31261, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Anvarhusein A Isab
- Department of Chemistry, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, 31261, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia.
- Interdisciplinary Research Center for Advanced Materials, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, 31261, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Saeed Ahmad
- Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences and Humanities, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, 11942, Al-Kharj, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdul Malik P Peedikakkal
- Department of Chemistry, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, 31261, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia
- Interdisciplinary Research Center for Hydrogen and Energy Storage, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, 31261, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia
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Żyro D, Sikora J, Szynkowska-Jóźwik MI, Ochocki J. Silver, Its Salts and Application in Medicine and Pharmacy. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:15723. [PMID: 37958707 PMCID: PMC10650883 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242115723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2023] [Revised: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/28/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The healing properties of silver have been used since ancient times. The main aim of the study was to collect and review the literature on the clinical potential of silver, its salts and complex compounds. The second goal was to present an outline of the historical use of silver in medicine and pharmacy, taking into account the possibility of producing pharmaceutical drug forms on the premises of pharmacies. In the context of the growing resistance of microorganisms to available, widely used antibiotics, silver plays a key role. There is only one known case of bacterial resistance to silver-the Pseudomonas stutzeri strain, which naturally occurs in silver mines. The development of research in the field of coordination chemistry offers great opportunities in the design of new substances in which silver ions can be incorporated. These substances exhibit increased potency and often an extended antimicrobial spectrum. Silver-based compounds are, however, only limited to external applications, as opposed to their historic oral administration. Advanced studies of their physicochemical, microbiological, cytotoxic and genotoxic properties are ongoing and full of challenges. The improvement of the methods of synthesis gives the possibility of applying the newly synthesized compounds ex tempore, as was the case with the complex of metronidazole with silver (I) nitrate. Some of these experimental efforts performed in vitro are followed with clinical trials. The third and final goal of this study was to present the possibility of obtaining an ointment under the conditions of an actual pharmacy using silver (I) salts and a ligand, both of which are active substances with antimicrobial properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominik Żyro
- Department of Bioinorganic Chemistry, Medical University of Lodz, Muszynskiego 1, 90-151 Lodz, Poland;
| | - Joanna Sikora
- Department of Bioinorganic Chemistry, Medical University of Lodz, Muszynskiego 1, 90-151 Lodz, Poland;
| | - Małgorzata Iwona Szynkowska-Jóźwik
- Faculty of Chemistry, Institute of General and Ecological Chemistry, Lodz University of Technology, Zeromskiego 116, 90-543 Lodz, Poland;
| | - Justyn Ochocki
- Medical University of Lodz, Muszynskiego 1, 90-151 Lodz, Poland
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9
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Salmain M, Gaschard M, Baroud M, Lepeltier E, Jaouen G, Passirani C, Vessières A. Thioredoxin Reductase and Organometallic Complexes: A Pivotal System to Tackle Multidrug Resistant Tumors? Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:4448. [PMID: 37760418 PMCID: PMC10526406 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15184448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Revised: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancers classified as multidrug-resistant (MDR) are a family of diseases with poor prognosis despite access to increasingly sophisticated treatments. Several mechanisms explain these resistances involving both tumor cells and their microenvironment. It is now recognized that a multi-targeting approach offers a promising strategy to treat these MDR tumors. Inhibition of thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), a key enzyme in maintaining redox balance in cells, is a well-identified target for this approach. Auranofin was the first inorganic gold complex to be described as a powerful inhibitor of TrxR. In this review, we will first recall the main results obtained with this metallodrug. Then, we will focus on organometallic complexes reported as TrxR inhibitors. These include gold(I), gold(III) complexes and metallocifens, i.e., organometallic complexes of Fe and Os derived from tamoxifen. In these families of complexes, similarities and differences in the molecular mechanisms of TrxR inhibition will be highlighted. Finally, the possible relationship between TrxR inhibition and cytotoxicity will be discussed and put into perspective with their mode of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michèle Salmain
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Institut Parisien de Chimie Moléculaire (IPCM), 4 Place Jussieu, F-75005 Paris, France; (M.S.); (M.G.); (G.J.); (A.V.)
| | - Marie Gaschard
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Institut Parisien de Chimie Moléculaire (IPCM), 4 Place Jussieu, F-75005 Paris, France; (M.S.); (M.G.); (G.J.); (A.V.)
| | - Milad Baroud
- Micro & Nanomedecines Translationnelles (MINT), University of Angers, Inserm, The National Center for Scientific Research (CNRS), SFR ICAT, F-49000 Angers, France; (M.B.); (E.L.)
| | - Elise Lepeltier
- Micro & Nanomedecines Translationnelles (MINT), University of Angers, Inserm, The National Center for Scientific Research (CNRS), SFR ICAT, F-49000 Angers, France; (M.B.); (E.L.)
| | - Gérard Jaouen
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Institut Parisien de Chimie Moléculaire (IPCM), 4 Place Jussieu, F-75005 Paris, France; (M.S.); (M.G.); (G.J.); (A.V.)
| | - Catherine Passirani
- Micro & Nanomedecines Translationnelles (MINT), University of Angers, Inserm, The National Center for Scientific Research (CNRS), SFR ICAT, F-49000 Angers, France; (M.B.); (E.L.)
| | - Anne Vessières
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Institut Parisien de Chimie Moléculaire (IPCM), 4 Place Jussieu, F-75005 Paris, France; (M.S.); (M.G.); (G.J.); (A.V.)
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10
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König P, Zhulenko R, Suparman E, Hoffmeister H, Bückreiß N, Ott I, Bendas G. A biscarbene gold(I)-NHC-complex overcomes cisplatin-resistance in A2780 and W1 ovarian cancer cells highlighting pERK as regulator of apoptosis. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 2023; 92:57-69. [PMID: 37272932 PMCID: PMC10261188 DOI: 10.1007/s00280-023-04548-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Cisplatin resistance is the major obstacle in the clinical treatment of ovarian cancer patients. Molecular mechanisms of cisplatin resistance are multifaceted. Gold(I)-compounds, i.e. N-heterocyclic carbene-gold(I)-complexes (NHC-Au(I)) has been regarded as promising cytotoxic drug candidates. However, their potential to overcome cisplatin resistance has hardly been addressed yet. Here we investigated the activity of the gold(I) drug auranofin and the NHC-Au(I)-compound MC3 in W1CR and A2780cis cisplatin-resistant ovarian cancer cells. METHODS Cytotoxicity of auranofin and MC3 was detected by MTT assay, correlated with intracellular gold(I) content, analyzed by AAS, and with flow cytometric detection of the cell cycle. Insight into cellular redox balance was provided by fluorimetric ROS-formation assay and western blotting thioredoxin (Trx) and Nrf2. The role of ERK was elucidated by using the inhibitor SCH772984 and its impact on cytotoxicity upon co-treatment with cisplatin and Au(I)-compounds, respectively. RESULTS MC3 overcomes cisplatin resistance in A2780cis and W1CR, and auranofin in W1CR cells completely, which is neither reflected by intracellular gold levels nor cell cycle changes. Upregulated redox balance appears as a basis for resistance. W1CR cells possess higher Trx levels, whereas A2780cis cells display strong Nrf2 expression as anti-oxidative protection. Nevertheless, overcoming redox balance appears not primary mode of activity comparing cisplatin and gold(I)-compounds. pERK emerges as a critical component and thus a promising target for overcoming resistance, regulating apoptosis differently in response to either gold(I) or cisplatin in A2780 cells. CONCLUSION These data reflect the complexity of cisplatin resistance in cell models and emphasize NHC-Au(I)-complexes as prospective cytotoxic agents for further investigations in that respect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philipp König
- Department of Pharmacy, University Bonn, An der Immenburg 4, 53121, Bonn, Germany
| | - Roman Zhulenko
- Department of Pharmacy, University Bonn, An der Immenburg 4, 53121, Bonn, Germany
| | - Eloy Suparman
- Department of Pharmacy, University Bonn, An der Immenburg 4, 53121, Bonn, Germany
| | - Henrik Hoffmeister
- Institute of Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Technische Universität Braunschweig, 38106, Brunswick, Germany
| | - Nico Bückreiß
- Department of Pharmacy, University Bonn, An der Immenburg 4, 53121, Bonn, Germany
| | - Ingo Ott
- Institute of Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Technische Universität Braunschweig, 38106, Brunswick, Germany
| | - Gerd Bendas
- Department of Pharmacy, University Bonn, An der Immenburg 4, 53121, Bonn, Germany.
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11
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Thimes RL, Santos AVB, Chen R, Kaur G, Jensen L, Jenkins DM, Camden JP. Using Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy to Unravel the Wingtip-Dependent Orientation of N-Heterocyclic Carbenes on Gold Nanoparticles. J Phys Chem Lett 2023; 14:4219-4224. [PMID: 37125787 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.3c00588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
N-Heterocyclic carbenes (NHCs) are an attractive alternative to thiol ligands when forming self-assembled monolayers on noble-metal surfaces; however, relative to the well-studied thiol monolayers, comparatively little is known about the binding, orientation, and packing of NHC monolayers. Herein, we combine surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) and first-principles theory to investigate how the alkyl "wingtip" groups, i.e., those attached to the nitrogens of N-heterocyclic carbenes, affect the NHC orientation on gold nanoparticles. Consistent with previous literature, smaller wingtip groups lead to stable flat configurations; surprisingly, bulkier wingtips also have stable flat configurations likely due to the presence of an adatom. Comparison of experimental SERS results with the theoretically calculated spectra for flat and vertical configurations shows that we are simultaneously detecting both NHC configurations. In addition to providing information on the adsorbate geometry, this study highlights the extreme SERS enhancement of vibrational modes perpendicular to the surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebekah L Thimes
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
| | - Alyssa V B Santos
- Department of Chemistry, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Ran Chen
- Department of Chemistry, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Gurkiran Kaur
- Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, United States
| | - Lasse Jensen
- Department of Chemistry, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - David M Jenkins
- Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, United States
| | - Jon P Camden
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
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12
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Ahrweiler-Sawaryn MC, Biswas A, Frias C, Frias J, Wilke NL, Wilke N, Berkessel A, Prokop A. Novel gold(I) complexes induce apoptosis in leukemia cells via the ROS-induced mitochondrial pathway with an upregulation of Harakiri and overcome multi drug resistances in leukemia and lymphoma cells and sensitize drug resistant tumor cells to apoptosis in vitro. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 161:114507. [PMID: 36958194 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.114507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Revised: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Gold complexes could be promising for tumor therapy because of their cytotoxic and cytostatic properties. We present novel gold(I) complexes and clarify whether they also show antitumor activity by studying apoptosis induction in different tumor cell lines in vitro, comparing the compounds on resistant cells and analyzing the mechanism of action. We particularly highlight one gold complex that shows cytostatic and cytotoxic effects on leukemia and lymphoma cells already in the nanomolar range, induces apoptosis via the intrinsic signaling pathway, and plays a role in the production of reactive oxygen species. Furthermore, not only did we demonstrate a large number of resistance overcomes on resistant cell lines, but some of these cell lines were significantly more sensitive to the new gold compound. Our results show promising properties for the gold compound as anti-tumor drug and suggest that it can subvert resistance mechanisms and thus targets resistant cells for killing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie-C Ahrweiler-Sawaryn
- Department of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Helios Clinic Schwerin, Wismarsche Straße 393-397, 19055 Schwerin, Germany; Department of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Children's Hospital Cologne, Amsterdamer Straße 59, 50735 Cologne, Germany.
| | - Animesh Biswas
- Department of Chemistry, Organic Chemistry, University of Cologne, Greinstrasse 4, 50939 Cologne, Germany
| | - Corazon Frias
- Department of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Helios Clinic Schwerin, Wismarsche Straße 393-397, 19055 Schwerin, Germany; Department of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Children's Hospital Cologne, Amsterdamer Straße 59, 50735 Cologne, Germany
| | - Jerico Frias
- Department of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Helios Clinic Schwerin, Wismarsche Straße 393-397, 19055 Schwerin, Germany; Department of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Children's Hospital Cologne, Amsterdamer Straße 59, 50735 Cologne, Germany
| | - Nicola L Wilke
- Department of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Helios Clinic Schwerin, Wismarsche Straße 393-397, 19055 Schwerin, Germany; Department of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Children's Hospital Cologne, Amsterdamer Straße 59, 50735 Cologne, Germany
| | - Nathalie Wilke
- Department of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Helios Clinic Schwerin, Wismarsche Straße 393-397, 19055 Schwerin, Germany; Department of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Children's Hospital Cologne, Amsterdamer Straße 59, 50735 Cologne, Germany
| | - Albrecht Berkessel
- Department of Chemistry, Organic Chemistry, University of Cologne, Greinstrasse 4, 50939 Cologne, Germany
| | - Aram Prokop
- Department of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Helios Clinic Schwerin, Wismarsche Straße 393-397, 19055 Schwerin, Germany; Department of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Children's Hospital Cologne, Amsterdamer Straße 59, 50735 Cologne, Germany; Department of Research, Medical School Hamburg (MSH), University of Applied Sciences and Medical University, Am Kaiserkai 1, 20457, Germany
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13
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Babu T, Ghareeb H, Basu U, Schueffl H, Theiner S, Heffeter P, Koellensperger G, Metanis N, Gandin V, Ott I, Schmidt C, Gibson D. Oral Anticancer Heterobimetallic Pt IV -Au I Complexes Show High In Vivo Activity and Low Toxicity. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202217233. [PMID: 36628505 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202217233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 01/01/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
AuI -carbene and PtIV -AuI -carbene prodrugs display low to sub-μM activity against several cancer cell lines and overcome cisplatin (cisPt) resistance. Linking a cisPt-derived PtIV (phenylbutyrate) complex to a AuI -phenylimidazolylidene complex 2, yielded the most potent prodrug. While in vivo tests against Lewis Lung Carcinoma showed that the prodrug PtIV (phenylbutyrate)-AuI -carbene (7) and the 1 : 1 : 1 co-administration of cisPt: phenylbutyrate:2 efficiently inhibited tumor growth (≈95 %), much better than 2 (75 %) or cisPt (84 %), 7 exhibited only 5 % body weight loss compared to 14 % for 2, 20 % for cisPt and >30 % for the co-administration. 7 was much more efficient than 2 at inhibiting TrxR activity in the isolated enzyme, in cells and in the tumor, even though it was much less efficient than 2 at binding to selenocysteine peptides modeling the active site of TrxR. Organ distribution and laser-ablation (LA)-ICP-TOFMS imaging suggest that 7 arrives intact at the tumor and is activated there.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomer Babu
- Institute for Drug Research, School of Pharmacy, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, 91120, Israel
| | - Hiba Ghareeb
- Institute of Chemistry, The Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Casali Center for Applied Chemistry, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, 9190401, Israel
| | - Uttara Basu
- Institute of Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Technische Universität Braunschweig, 38106, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Hemma Schueffl
- Center for Cancer Research and Comprehensive Cancer Center, Austria
| | - Sarah Theiner
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Waehringer Strasse 38, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Petra Heffeter
- Center for Cancer Research and Comprehensive Cancer Center, Austria
| | | | - Norman Metanis
- Institute of Chemistry, The Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Casali Center for Applied Chemistry, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, 9190401, Israel
| | - Valentina Gandin
- Dipartimento di Scienze del Farmaco, Universita di Padova, 35131, Padova, Italy
| | - Ingo Ott
- Institute of Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Technische Universität Braunschweig, 38106, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Claudia Schmidt
- Institute for Drug Research, School of Pharmacy, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, 91120, Israel
| | - Dan Gibson
- Institute for Drug Research, School of Pharmacy, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, 91120, Israel
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14
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Dominique NL, Jensen IM, Kaur G, Kotseos CQ, Boggess WC, Jenkins DM, Camden JP. Giving Gold Wings: Ultrabright and Fragmentation Free Mass Spectrometry Reporters for Barcoding, Bioconjugation Monitoring, and Data Storage. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202219182. [PMID: 36853583 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202219182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Revised: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/01/2023]
Abstract
The widespread application of laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry (LDI-MS) highlights the need for a bright and multiplexable labeling platform. While ligand-capped Au nanoparticles (AuNPs) have emerged as a promising LDI-MS contrast agent, the predominant thiol ligands suffer from low ion yields and extensive fragmentation. In this work, we develop a N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) ligand platform that enhances AuNP LDI-MS performance. NHC scaffolds are tuned to generate barcoded AuNPs which, when benchmarked against thiol-AuNPs, are bright mass tags and form unfragmented ions in high yield. To illustrate the transformative potential of NHC ligands, the mass tags were employed in three orthogonal applications: monitoring a bioconjugation reaction, performing multiplexed imaging, and storing and reading encoded information. These results demonstrate that NHC-nanoparticle systems are an ideal platform for LDI-MS and greatly broaden the scope of nanoparticle contrast agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathaniel L Dominique
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, 46556, USA
| | - Isabel M Jensen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Knoxville, TN, 37996, USA
| | - Gurkiran Kaur
- Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Knoxville, TN, 37996, USA
| | - Chandler Q Kotseos
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, 46556, USA
| | - William C Boggess
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, 46556, USA
| | - David M Jenkins
- Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Knoxville, TN, 37996, USA
| | - Jon P Camden
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, 46556, USA
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15
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Sun MC, Chen YF, Liu D, Xu XL, You YC, Lu W, Shi YJ, Ren MY, Fan YB, Du YZ, Tao XH. Effective decolonization strategy for mupirocin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus by TPGS-modified mupirocin-silver complex. Mater Today Bio 2023; 18:100534. [PMID: 36686036 PMCID: PMC9850068 DOI: 10.1016/j.mtbio.2022.100534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Revised: 12/11/2022] [Accepted: 12/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The widespread utilization of mupirocin to treat methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA)-caused infectious diseases has led to the emergence of mupirocin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MuRSA), posing a serious global medical threat. In order to counteract MuRSA, we develop a d-α-tocopherol polyethylene glycol 1000 succinate (TPGS) modified mupirocin and silver complex (TPGS/Mup-Ag) to combat MuRSA. The surfactivity of TPGS endows Mup-Ag with a homogeneous and small particle size (∼16 nm), which significantly enhances bacterial internalization. Silver ions are released from the mupirocin-Ag complex (Mup-Ag) to exert a synergistic antibacterial activity with mupirocin. Results manifest that our strategy reduces the concentration of mupirocin that induces 50% bacterial death from about 1000 μmol/mL to about 16 μmol/mL. In vitro bacterial infection model suggests that TPGS/Mup-Ag can not only eliminate both intracellular and inhibit bacterial adhesion, but also living cells are not affected. Results of in vivo experiments demonstrate that TPGS/Mup-Ag can effectively inhibit the progression of skin infection and accelerate wound healing, as well as alleviate systemic inflammation in both the subcutaneous infection model and the wound infection model. Furthermore, this study may contribute to the development of therapeutic agents for antibiotic-resistant bacteria and offer ideas for silver-based bactericides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Chen Sun
- Center for Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Dermatology, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital (Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College), Hangzhou, 310014, China,Institute of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Ying-Fang Chen
- HangZhou Xiaoshan District Skin Disease Hospital, Hangzhou, 311200, China
| | - Di Liu
- Institute of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Xiao-Ling Xu
- Shulan International Medical College, Zhejiang Shuren University, Hangzhou, 310015, China
| | - Yu-Chan You
- Institute of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Wei Lu
- Center for Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Dermatology, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital (Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College), Hangzhou, 310014, China
| | - Yun-Juan Shi
- Department of Graduate School, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, 233030, China
| | - Ming-Yang Ren
- Department of Graduate School, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, 233030, China
| | - Yi-Bin Fan
- Center for Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Dermatology, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital (Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College), Hangzhou, 310014, China
| | - Yong-Zhong Du
- Institute of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China,Corresponding author. Institute of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, 866 Yu-Hang-Tang Road, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
| | - Xiao-Hua Tao
- Center for Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Dermatology, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital (Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College), Hangzhou, 310014, China,Corresponding author. Center for Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Dermatology, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital, 158 Shangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310014, China.
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16
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The gallium complex KP46 sensitizes resistant leukemia cells and overcomes Bcl-2-induced multidrug resistance in lymphoma cells via upregulation of Harakiri and downregulation of XIAP in vitro. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 156:113974. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Revised: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
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17
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Hamdi N, Mansour L, Al-Tamimi J, Al-Hazmy SM, Gurbuz N, Özdemir I. Synthesis and Investigation of Antimicrobial, Antioxidant, Enzymatic Inhibitory, and Antiproliferative Activities of Ruthenium (II) Complexes Bearing Benzimidazole-Based N-Heterocyclic Carbene (NHC) Ligands. Polycycl Aromat Compd 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/10406638.2022.2150659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Naceur Hamdi
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science and Arts at ArRass, Qassim University, ArRass, Saudi Arabia
| | - Lamjed Mansour
- Zoology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jameel Al-Tamimi
- Zoology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sadeq M. Al-Hazmy
- Chemistry Department, College of Science, Qassim University, Buraidah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nevin Gurbuz
- Faculty of Science and Art, Department of Chemistry, İnönü University, Malatya, Turkey
- İnönü University, Catalysis Research and Application Center, Malatya, Turkey
| | - Ismail Özdemir
- Faculty of Science and Art, Department of Chemistry, İnönü University, Malatya, Turkey
- İnönü University, Catalysis Research and Application Center, Malatya, Turkey
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18
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Infante-Tadeo S, Rodríguez-Fanjul V, Vequi-Suplicy CC, Pizarro AM. Fast Hydrolysis and Strongly Basic Water Adducts Lead to Potent Os(II) Half-Sandwich Anticancer Complexes. Inorg Chem 2022; 61:18970-18978. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.2c03246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Infante-Tadeo
- IMDEA Nanociencia, Ciudad Universitaria de Cantoblanco, Faraday 9, Madrid 28049, Spain
| | | | | | - Ana M. Pizarro
- IMDEA Nanociencia, Ciudad Universitaria de Cantoblanco, Faraday 9, Madrid 28049, Spain
- Unidad Asociada de Nanobiotecnología CNB-CSIC-IMDEA, 28049 Madrid, Spain
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19
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Sulaiman AAA, Casagrande N, Borghese C, Corona G, Isab AA, Ahmad S, Aldinucci D, Altaf M. Design, Synthesis, and Preclinical Activity in Ovarian Cancer Models of New Phosphanegold(I)-N-heterocyclic Carbene Complexes. J Med Chem 2022; 65:14424-14440. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.2c00737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Adam A. A. Sulaiman
- Department of Chemistry, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran 31261, Saudi Arabia
| | - Naike Casagrande
- Molecular Oncology Unit, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO), IRCCS, Aviano 33081, Italy
| | - Cinzia Borghese
- Molecular Oncology Unit, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO), IRCCS, Aviano 33081, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Corona
- Immunopathology and Cancer Biomarkers Unit, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO), IRCCS, Aviano 33081, Italy
| | - Anvarhusein A. Isab
- Department of Chemistry, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran 31261, Saudi Arabia
- Interdisciplinary Research Center for Advanced Materials, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran 31261, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saeed Ahmad
- Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences and Humanities, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia
| | - Donatella Aldinucci
- Molecular Oncology Unit, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO), IRCCS, Aviano 33081, Italy
| | - Muhammad Altaf
- Department of Chemistry, Government College University Lahore, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
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20
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Ekinci O, Akkoç M, Khan S, Yasar S, Gürses C, Noma S, Balcıoğlu S, Sen B, Aygün M, Yılmaz İ. Synthesis and biological evaluation of Au‐NHC complexes. Appl Organomet Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/aoc.6811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Orhan Ekinci
- Faculty of Arts and Science, Department of Chemistry İnönü University Malatya Turkey
| | - Mitat Akkoç
- Hekimhan Vocational College, Department of Property Protection and Security, Hekimhan Malatya Turgut Özal University Malatya Turkey
| | - Siraj Khan
- Quaid‐i‐Azam University, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Department of Pharmacy Islamabad Pakistan
| | - Sedat Yasar
- Faculty of Arts and Science, Department of Chemistry İnönü University Malatya Turkey
| | - Canbolat Gürses
- Faculty of Arts and Science, Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics İnönü University Malatya Turkey
| | - Samir Noma
- Faculty of Arts and Science, Department of Chemistry İnönü University Malatya Turkey
- Faculty of Arts and Science, Department of Chemistry Bursa Uludağ University Bursa Turkey
| | - Sevgi Balcıoğlu
- Faculty of Arts and Science, Department of Chemistry İnönü University Malatya Turkey
- Vocational School of Health Services at Akyazı, Department of Medical Laboratory Techniques Sakarya University of Applied Sciences Sakarya Turkey
| | - Betül Sen
- Faculty of Science, Department of Physics Dokuz Eylül University İzmir Turkey
| | - Muhittin Aygün
- Faculty of Science, Department of Physics Dokuz Eylül University İzmir Turkey
| | - İsmet Yılmaz
- Faculty of Arts and Science, Department of Chemistry İnönü University Malatya Turkey
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21
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22
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Yang Z, Huang S, Liu Y, Chang X, Liang Y, Li X, Xu Z, Wang S, Lu Y, Liu Y, Liu W. Biotin-Targeted Au(I) Radiosensitizer for Cancer Synergistic Therapy by Intervening with Redox Homeostasis and Inducing Ferroptosis. J Med Chem 2022; 65:8401-8415. [PMID: 35687871 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.2c00300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The search for highly selective sensitizers with a novel mechanism for tumor targeting therapy is of considerable interest. In this work, we have developed a series of new biotin-targeted Au(I) complexes. Through systematic biological evaluation and comparison, biotinylated Au(I) complex 3a containing a triphenylphosphine ligand was screened, as it realized both prominent efficient inhibition and selective cytotoxicity to cancer cells, and the effect was better than that of popularly used auranofin. Meanwhile, complex 3a, as a potent radiosensitizer, enhances anticancer effects in vitro and in vivo and has sensitization selectivity. From the action mechanism study, we provide evidence that complex 3a could intervene in redox homeostasis through targeted binding and strong suppression of thioredoxin reductase (TrxR) and induce the ferroptosis death process, enabling it to sensitize tumor cells to radiotherapy. Thus, complex 3a has enormous potential as an efficient and specific radiosensitizing agent in cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhibin Yang
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, School of Medicine & Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China.,Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Entomological Biopharmaceutical R&D, Dali University, Dali 671000, P. R. China
| | - Sheng Huang
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, School of Medicine & Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China
| | - Yu Liu
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, School of Medicine & Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China
| | - Xingyu Chang
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, School of Medicine & Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China
| | - Yanshan Liang
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, School of Medicine & Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China
| | - Xi Li
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, P. R. China
| | - Zhongren Xu
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, School of Medicine & Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China
| | - Shiyu Wang
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, P. R. China
| | - Yunlong Lu
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, School of Medicine & Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China
| | - Yuan Liu
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, P. R. China
| | - Wukun Liu
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, School of Medicine & Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China.,State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China
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23
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Lu Y, Ma X, Chang X, Liang Z, Lv L, Shan M, Lu Q, Wen Z, Gust R, Liu W. Recent development of gold(I) and gold(III) complexes as therapeutic agents for cancer diseases. Chem Soc Rev 2022; 51:5518-5556. [PMID: 35699475 DOI: 10.1039/d1cs00933h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Metal complexes have demonstrated significant antitumor activities and platinum complexes are well established in the clinical application of cancer chemotherapy. However, the platinum-based treatment of different types of cancers is massively hampered by severe side effects and resistance development. Consequently, the development of novel metal-based drugs with different mechanism of action and pharmaceutical profile attracts modern medicinal chemists to design and synthesize novel metal-based agents. Among non-platinum anticancer drugs, gold complexes have gained considerable attention due to their significant antiproliferative potency and efficacy. In most situations, the gold complexes exhibit anticancer activities by targeting thioredoxin reductase (TrxR) or other thiol-rich proteins and enzymes and trigger cell death via reactive oxygen species (ROS). Interestingly, gold complexes were recently reported to elicit biochemical hallmarks of immunogenic cell death (ICD) as an ICD inducer. In this review, the recent progress of gold(I) and gold(III) complexes is comprehensively summarized, and their activities and mechanism of action are documented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunlong Lu
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, School of Medicine & Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China.
| | - Xiaoyan Ma
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, School of Medicine & Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China.
| | - Xingyu Chang
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, School of Medicine & Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China.
| | - Zhenlin Liang
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, School of Medicine & Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China.
| | - Lin Lv
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, School of Medicine & Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China.
| | - Min Shan
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, School of Medicine & Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China.
| | - Qiuyue Lu
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, School of Medicine & Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China.
| | - Zhenfan Wen
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, School of Medicine & Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China.
| | - Ronald Gust
- Institute of Pharmacy/Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Innsbruck, Center for Chemistry and Biomedicine, Innsbruck, Austria.
| | - Wukun Liu
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, School of Medicine & Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China. .,State key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
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24
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Pinto A, Echeverri M, Gómez-Lor B, Rodríguez L. Highly emissive supramolecular gold(I)-BTD materials. Dalton Trans 2022; 51:8340-8349. [PMID: 35583157 DOI: 10.1039/d2dt00950a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Herein we report the synthesis of three light emitting rod-shaped gold(I) complexes by combining ethynyl-functionalized 2,1,3-benzothiadiazole (BTD), with different N-heterocyclic (imidazole, benzimidazole and phenantroimidazole) carbene gold(I) complexes. As could be determined by single crystal structure determination, the size of the N-heterocyclic carbene affects the relative disposition of the two ligands in the linear gold complexes (nearly perpendicular in the benzimidazole vs. planar in the phenantroimidazole derivative) which translates to different types of interactions between neighbouring units. In fact, the planar conformation in the more π-extended phenantroimidazole carbene allows Au(I) atoms to get sufficiently closer favouring aurophilic interactions. This compound is obtained as two different colour emitting solids which is ascribed to changes in packing modes probably leading to differences in the strength of aurophilic interactions. Interestingly, while the emission in the solid state is almost quenched, the incorporation of the compounds in polymer matrixes enhances the emissive properties of the compounds reaching near unity quantum yields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Pinto
- Departament de Química Inorgànica i Orgànica, Secció de Química Inorgànica, Universitat de Barcelona, Martí i Franquès 1-11, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain. .,Institut de Nanociència i Nanotecnologia (IN2UB), Universitat de Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marcelo Echeverri
- Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid, CSIC Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Berta Gómez-Lor
- Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid, CSIC Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Laura Rodríguez
- Departament de Química Inorgànica i Orgànica, Secció de Química Inorgànica, Universitat de Barcelona, Martí i Franquès 1-11, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain. .,Institut de Nanociència i Nanotecnologia (IN2UB), Universitat de Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
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25
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Goetzfried SK, Kapitza P, Gallati CM, Nindl A, Cziferszky M, Hermann M, Wurst K, Kircher B, Gust R. Investigations of the reactivity, stability and biological activity of halido (NHC)gold(I) complexes. Dalton Trans 2022; 51:1395-1406. [PMID: 34989741 DOI: 10.1039/d1dt03528b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The significance of the halido ligand (Cl-, Br-, I-) in halido[3-ethyl-4-phenyl-5-(2-methoxypyridin-5-yl)-1-propyl-1,3-dihydro-2H-imidazol-2-ylidene]gold(I) complexes (2-4) in terms of ligand exchange reactions, including the ligand scrambling to the bis[3-ethyl-4-phenyl-5-(2-methoxypyridin-5-yl)-1-propyl-1,3-dihydro-2H-imidazol-2-ylidene]gold(I) complex (5), was evaluated by HPLC in acetonitrile/water = 50:50 (v/v) mixtures. In the presence of 0.9% NaCl, the bromido (NHC)gold(I) complex 3 was immediately transformed into the chlorido (NHC)gold(I) complex 2. The iodido (NHC)gold(I) complex 4 converted under the same conditions during 0.5 h of incubation by 52.83% to 2 and by 8.77% to 5. This proportion remained nearly constant for 72 h. The halido (NHC)gold(I) complexes also reacted very rapidly with 1 eq. of model nucleophiles, e.g., iodide or selenocysteine (Sec). For instance, Sec transformed 3 in the proportion 73.03% to the (NHC)Au(I)Sec complex during 5 min of incubation. This high reactivity against this amino acid, present in the active site of the thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), correlates with the complete inhibition of the isolated TrxR enzyme at 1 μM. Interestingly, in cellular systems (A2780cis cells), even at a 5-fold higher concentration, no increased ROS levels were detected. The concentration required for ROS generation was about 20 μM. Superficially considered, the antiproliferative and antimetabolic activities of the halido (NHC)Au(I) complexes correlate with the reactivity of the Au(I)-X bond (2 < 3 < 4). However, it is very likely that degradation products formed during the incubation in cell culture medium participated in the biological activity. In particular, the high-cytotoxic [(NHC)2Au(I)]+ complex (5) distorts the results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sina Katharina Goetzfried
- Institute of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80-82, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Paul Kapitza
- Institute of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80-82, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Caroline Marie Gallati
- Institute of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80-82, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Anna Nindl
- Department of Internal Medicine V (Hematology and Oncology), Medical University Innsbruck, Anichstraße 35, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria.,Tyrolean Cancer Research Institute, Innrain 66, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Monika Cziferszky
- Institute of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80-82, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Martin Hermann
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Medical University Innsbruck, Anichstraße 35, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Klaus Wurst
- Institute for General, Inorganic and Theoretical Chemistry, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80/82, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Brigitte Kircher
- Department of Internal Medicine V (Hematology and Oncology), Medical University Innsbruck, Anichstraße 35, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria.,Tyrolean Cancer Research Institute, Innrain 66, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Ronald Gust
- Institute of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80-82, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
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26
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Annunziata A, Ferraro G, Cucciolito ME, Imbimbo P, Tuzi A, Monti DM, Merlino A, Ruffo F. Halo complexes of gold( i) containing glycoconjugate carbene ligands: synthesis, characterization, cytotoxicity and interaction with proteins and DNA model systems. Dalton Trans 2022; 51:10475-10485. [DOI: 10.1039/d2dt00423b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
New neutral Au(i) glycoconjugate carbene complexes show stability in aqueous solutions and interact with both DNA and protein model systems. Cytotoxicity studies demonstrate that the activity depends on the halide ancillary ligand.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alfonso Annunziata
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università di Napoli Federico II, Complesso Universitario di Monte Sant'Angelo, Via Cintia 21, 80126, Napoli, Italy
- Consorzio Interuniversitario di Reattività Chimica e Catalisi (CIRCC), Via Celso Ulpiani 27, 70126, Bari, Italy
| | - Giarita Ferraro
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università di Napoli Federico II, Complesso Universitario di Monte Sant'Angelo, Via Cintia 21, 80126, Napoli, Italy
| | - Maria Elena Cucciolito
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università di Napoli Federico II, Complesso Universitario di Monte Sant'Angelo, Via Cintia 21, 80126, Napoli, Italy
- Consorzio Interuniversitario di Reattività Chimica e Catalisi (CIRCC), Via Celso Ulpiani 27, 70126, Bari, Italy
| | - Paola Imbimbo
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università di Napoli Federico II, Complesso Universitario di Monte Sant'Angelo, Via Cintia 21, 80126, Napoli, Italy
| | - Angela Tuzi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università di Napoli Federico II, Complesso Universitario di Monte Sant'Angelo, Via Cintia 21, 80126, Napoli, Italy
| | - Daria Maria Monti
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università di Napoli Federico II, Complesso Universitario di Monte Sant'Angelo, Via Cintia 21, 80126, Napoli, Italy
| | - Antonello Merlino
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università di Napoli Federico II, Complesso Universitario di Monte Sant'Angelo, Via Cintia 21, 80126, Napoli, Italy
| | - Francesco Ruffo
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università di Napoli Federico II, Complesso Universitario di Monte Sant'Angelo, Via Cintia 21, 80126, Napoli, Italy
- Consorzio Interuniversitario di Reattività Chimica e Catalisi (CIRCC), Via Celso Ulpiani 27, 70126, Bari, Italy
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27
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Gil‐Moles M, Türck S, Basu U, Pettenuzzo A, Bhattacharya S, Rajan A, Ma X, Büssing R, Wölker J, Burmeister H, Hoffmeister H, Schneeberg P, Prause A, Lippmann P, Kusi‐Nimarko J, Hassell‐Hart S, McGown A, Guest D, Lin Y, Notaro A, Vinck R, Karges J, Cariou K, Peng K, Qin X, Wang X, Skiba J, Szczupak Ł, Kowalski K, Schatzschneider U, Hemmert C, Gornitzka H, Milaeva ER, Nazarov AA, Gasser G, Spencer J, Ronconi L, Kortz U, Cinatl J, Bojkova D, Ott I. Metallodrug Profiling against SARS-CoV-2 Target Proteins Identifies Highly Potent Inhibitors of the S/ACE2 interaction and the Papain-like Protease PL pro. Chemistry 2021; 27:17928-17940. [PMID: 34714566 PMCID: PMC8653295 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202103258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The global spread of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has called for an urgent need for dedicated antiviral therapeutics. Metal complexes are commonly underrepresented in compound libraries that are used for screening in drug discovery campaigns, however, there is growing evidence for their role in medicinal chemistry. Based on previous results, we have selected more than 100 structurally diverse metal complexes for profiling as inhibitors of two relevant SARS-CoV-2 replication mechanisms, namely the interaction of the spike (S) protein with the ACE2 receptor and the papain-like protease PLpro . In addition to many well-established types of mononuclear experimental metallodrugs, the pool of compounds tested was extended to approved metal-based therapeutics such as silver sulfadiazine and thiomersal, as well as polyoxometalates (POMs). Among the mononuclear metal complexes, only a small number of active inhibitors of the S/ACE2 interaction was identified, with titanocene dichloride as the only strong inhibitor. However, among the gold and silver containing complexes many turned out to be very potent inhibitors of PLpro activity. Highly promising activity against both targets was noted for many POMs. Selected complexes were evaluated in antiviral SARS-CoV-2 assays confirming activity for gold complexes with N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) or dithiocarbamato ligands, a silver NHC complex, titanocene dichloride as well as a POM compound. These studies might provide starting points for the design of metal-based SARS-CoV-2 antiviral agents.
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28
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One-pot synthesis of binaphthyl-based phosphines via direct modification of BINAP. Tetrahedron Lett 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2021.153489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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29
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Gold(I) Complexes with P-Donor Ligands and Their Biological Evaluation. Processes (Basel) 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/pr9122100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Gold(I) complexes with phosphine ligands—[Au(TrippyPhos)Cl] (1) (TrippyPhos = 1-[2-[bis(tert-butyl)phosphino]phenyl]-3,5-diphenyl-1H-pyrazole), [Au(BippyPhos)Cl]0.5CH2Cl2 (2) (BippyPhos = 5-(di-tert-butylphosphino)-1′, 3′, 5′-triphenyl-1′H-[1,4′]bipyrazole), and [Au(meCgPPh)Cl] (3) (meCgPPh = 1,3,5,7-tetramethyl-6-phenyl-2,4,8-trioxa-6-phosphaadamantane—were investigated as types of bioactive gold metallodrugs. Complexes (1)–(3) were characterized using IR, 1H, 13C, 31P NMR spectroscopy, elemental analysis and mass spectrometry (FAB-MS). Complexes of (1) and (2) exhibited substantial in vitro cytotoxicity (IC50 = 0.5–7.0 μM) against both the cisplatin-sensitive and -resistant variants of the A2780 human ovarian carcinoma cell line, as well as against the A549 human lung carcinoma, K562 chronic myelogenous leukemia, and HeLa (human cervix carcinoma) cells. However, among the compounds studied, complex (2) showed the most promising biological properties: the highest stability in biologically relevant media, selectivity towards cancer cells over the non-cancer cells (HUVEC, human umbilical vein endothelial cells), and the highest inhibitory effect on cytosolic NADPH-dependent reductases in A2780 and A2780cis cells among the gold complexes under analysis.
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30
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Schlagintweit JF, Jakob CHG, Wilke NL, Ahrweiler M, Frias C, Frias J, König M, Esslinger EMHJ, Marques F, Machado JF, Reich RM, Morais TS, Correia JDG, Prokop A, Kühn FE. Gold(I) Bis(1,2,3-triazol-5-ylidene) Complexes as Promising Selective Anticancer Compounds. J Med Chem 2021; 64:15747-15757. [PMID: 34670090 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.1c01021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The synthesis and antiproliferative activity of Mes- and iPr-substituted gold(I) bis(1,2,3-triazol-5-ylidene) complexes in various cancer cell lines are reported, showing nanomolar IC50 values of 50 nM (lymphoma cells) and 500 nM (leukemia cells), respectively (Mes < iPr). The compounds exclusively induce apoptosis (50 nM to 5 μM) instead of necrosis in common malignant blood cells (leukemia cells) and do not affect non-malignant leucocytes. Remarkably, the complexes not only overcome resistances against the well-established cytostatic etoposide, cytarabine, daunorubicin, and cisplatin but also promote a synergistic effect of up to 182% when used with daunorubicin. The present results demonstrate that gold(I) bis(1,2,3-triazol-5-ylidene) complexes are highly promising and easily modifiable anticancer metallodrugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonas F Schlagintweit
- Molecular Catalysis, Catalysis Research Center and Department of Chemistry, Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstraße 4, Garching bei München D-85748, Germany
| | - Christian H G Jakob
- Molecular Catalysis, Catalysis Research Center and Department of Chemistry, Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstraße 4, Garching bei München D-85748, Germany
| | - Nicola L Wilke
- Department of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Children's Hospital Cologne, Amsterdamer Straße 59, Cologne 50735, Germany.,Department of Pediatric Oncology/Hematology, Helios Clinics Schwerin, Wismarsche Straße 393-397, 19049 Schwerin, Germany.,MSH Medical School Hamburg, Am Kaiserkai 1, 20457 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Marie Ahrweiler
- Department of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Children's Hospital Cologne, Amsterdamer Straße 59, Cologne 50735, Germany.,Department of Pediatric Oncology/Hematology, Helios Clinics Schwerin, Wismarsche Straße 393-397, 19049 Schwerin, Germany
| | - Corazon Frias
- Department of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Children's Hospital Cologne, Amsterdamer Straße 59, Cologne 50735, Germany.,Department of Pediatric Oncology/Hematology, Helios Clinics Schwerin, Wismarsche Straße 393-397, 19049 Schwerin, Germany.,MSH Medical School Hamburg, Am Kaiserkai 1, 20457 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Jerico Frias
- Department of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Children's Hospital Cologne, Amsterdamer Straße 59, Cologne 50735, Germany.,Department of Pediatric Oncology/Hematology, Helios Clinics Schwerin, Wismarsche Straße 393-397, 19049 Schwerin, Germany.,MSH Medical School Hamburg, Am Kaiserkai 1, 20457 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Marcel König
- Department of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Children's Hospital Cologne, Amsterdamer Straße 59, Cologne 50735, Germany
| | - Eva-Maria H J Esslinger
- Molecular Catalysis, Catalysis Research Center and Department of Chemistry, Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstraße 4, Garching bei München D-85748, Germany
| | - Fernanda Marques
- Centro de Ciências e Tecnologias Nucleares and Departamento de Engenharia e Ciências Nucleares, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, CTN, Estrada Nacional 10 (km 139,7), Bobadela LRS 2695-066, Portugal
| | - João F Machado
- Centro de Ciências e Tecnologias Nucleares and Departamento de Engenharia e Ciências Nucleares, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, CTN, Estrada Nacional 10 (km 139,7), Bobadela LRS 2695-066, Portugal.,Centro de Química Estrutural, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, Lisboa 1749-016, Portugal
| | - Robert M Reich
- Molecular Catalysis, Catalysis Research Center and Department of Chemistry, Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstraße 4, Garching bei München D-85748, Germany
| | - Tânia S Morais
- Centro de Química Estrutural, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, Lisboa 1749-016, Portugal
| | - João D G Correia
- Centro de Ciências e Tecnologias Nucleares and Departamento de Engenharia e Ciências Nucleares, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, CTN, Estrada Nacional 10 (km 139,7), Bobadela LRS 2695-066, Portugal
| | - Aram Prokop
- Department of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Children's Hospital Cologne, Amsterdamer Straße 59, Cologne 50735, Germany.,Department of Pediatric Oncology/Hematology, Helios Clinics Schwerin, Wismarsche Straße 393-397, 19049 Schwerin, Germany.,MSH Medical School Hamburg, Am Kaiserkai 1, 20457 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Fritz E Kühn
- Molecular Catalysis, Catalysis Research Center and Department of Chemistry, Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstraße 4, Garching bei München D-85748, Germany
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31
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Pradhan AK, Shyam A, Mondal P. Quantum Chemical Investigations on the Hydrolysis of Gold(III)-Based Anticancer Drugs and Their Interaction with Amino Acid Residues. ACS OMEGA 2021; 6:28084-28097. [PMID: 34723008 PMCID: PMC8552358 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c04168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
A comprehensive hydrolysis mechanism of the promising class of Au(III) anticancer drugs [Au(DMDT)Cl2] (DMDT = N,N-dimethyldithiocarbamate) (R) and [Au(damp)Cl2] (damp = 2-[(dimethylamino)methyl]phenyl) (R') was done by means of density functional theory (DFT) in combination with the CPCM solvation model to explore the solution behavior and stability under physiological conditions. The activation free energies (ΔG) for the second hydrolysis, R (13.7 kcal/mol) and R' (10.0 kcal/mol) are found to be relatively lower in comparison to the first hydrolysis, and their rate constant values are computed to be 5.62 × 102 and 2.90 × 105 s-1, respectively. Besides these, the interaction mechanisms of aquated R and R' with the potential protein-binding sites cysteine (Cys) and selenocysteine (Sec) were also investigated in detail. The kinetic study and activation Gibbs free energy profiles reveal that the aquated complexes of R and R' bind more effectively to the Se site of Sec than to the S site of Cys. Intra- and intermolecular hydrogen bonding play a pivotal role in stabilizing the intermediates and transition states involved in the ligand substitution reactions of R and R'. Natural population analysis (NPA) was done to determine the charge distributions on important atoms during the hydrolysis and ligand substitution reactions.
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32
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van der Westhuizen D, Bezuidenhout DI, Munro OQ. Cancer molecular biology and strategies for the design of cytotoxic gold(I) and gold(III) complexes: a tutorial review. Dalton Trans 2021; 50:17413-17437. [PMID: 34693422 DOI: 10.1039/d1dt02783b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
This tutorial review highlights key principles underpinning the design of selected metallodrugs to target specific biological macromolecules (DNA and proteins). The review commences with a descriptive overview of the eukaryotic cell cycle and the molecular biology of cancer, particularly apoptosis, which is provided as a necessary foundation for the discovery, design, and targeting of metal-based anticancer agents. Drugs which target DNA have been highlighted and clinically approved metallodrugs discussed. A brief history of the development of mainly gold-based metallodrugs is presented prior to addressing ligand systems for stabilizing and adding functionality to bio-active gold(I) and gold(III) complexes, particularly in the burgeoning field of anticancer metallodrugs. Concepts such as multi-modal and selective cytotoxic agents are covered where necessary for selected compounds. The emerging role of carbenes as the ligand system of choice to achieve these goals for gold-based metallodrug candidates is highlighted prior to closing the review with comments on some future directions that this research field might follow. The latter section ultimately emphasizes the importance of understanding the fate of metal complexes in cells to garner key mechanistic insights.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle van der Westhuizen
- Molecular Sciences Institute, School of Chemistry, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg 2050, South Africa.
| | - Daniela I Bezuidenhout
- Laboratory of Inorganic Chemistry, Environmental and Chemical Engineering, University of Oulu, P. O. Box 3000, 90014 Oulu, Finland.
| | - Orde Q Munro
- Molecular Sciences Institute, School of Chemistry, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg 2050, South Africa.
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33
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Kou L, Wei S, Kou P. Current Progress and Perspectives on Using Gold Compounds for the Modulation of Tumor Cell Metabolism. Front Chem 2021; 9:733463. [PMID: 34434922 PMCID: PMC8382570 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2021.733463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Altered cellular metabolism, which is essential for the growth and survival of tumor cells in a specific microenvironment, is one of the hallmarks of cancer. Among the most significant changes in the metabolic pattern of tumor cells is the shift from oxidative phosphorylation to aerobic glycolysis for glucose utilization. Tumor cells also exhibit changes in patterns of protein and nucleic acid metabolism. Recently, gold compounds have been shown to target several metabolic pathways and a number of metabolites in tumor cells. In this review, we summarize how gold compounds modulate glucose, protein, and nucleic acid metabolism in tumor cells, resulting in anti-tumor effects. We also discuss the rationale underlying the anti-tumor effects of these gold compounds and highlight how to effectively utilize against various types of tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leiya Kou
- The First Clinical College, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China
| | - Shuang Wei
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Key Laboratory of Pulmonary Diseases of Health Ministry, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Pei Kou
- The First Clinical College, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China.,Department of Medical Record, Wuhan No. 1 Hospital, Wuhan, China
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34
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Francisco MAS, Fantuzzi F, Cardozo TM, Esteves PM, Engels B, Oliveira RR. Taming the Antiferromagnetic Beast: Computational Design of Ultrashort Mn-Mn Bonds Stabilized by N-Heterocyclic Carbenes. Chemistry 2021; 27:12126-12136. [PMID: 34114702 PMCID: PMC8456913 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202101116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The development of complexes featuring low-valent, multiply bonded metal centers is an exciting field with several potential applications. In this work, we describe the design principles and extensive computational investigation of new organometallic platforms featuring the elusive manganese-manganese bond stabilized by experimentally realized N-heterocyclic carbenes (NHCs). By using DFT computations benchmarked against multireference calculations, as well as MO- and VB-based bonding analyses, we could disentangle the various electronic and structural effects contributing to the thermodynamic and kinetic stability, as well as the experimental feasibility, of the systems. In particular, we explored the nature of the metal-carbene interaction and the role of the ancillary η6 coordination to the generation of Mn2 systems featuring ultrashort metal-metal bonds, closed-shell singlet multiplicities, and positive adiabatic singlet-triplet gaps. Our analysis identifies two distinct classes of viable synthetic targets, whose electrostructural properties are thoroughly investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcos A. S. Francisco
- Instituto de QuímicaUniversidade Federal do Rio de JaneiroAv. Athos da Silveira Ramos 14921941909Rio de JaneiroBrazil
| | - Felipe Fantuzzi
- Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische ChemieJulius-Maximilians-Universität WürzburgEmil-Fischer-Straße 4297074WürzburgGermany
- Institut für Anorganische ChemieJulius-Maximilians-Universität WürzburgAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany
- Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with BoronJulius-Maximilians-Universität WürzburgAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany
| | - Thiago M. Cardozo
- Instituto de QuímicaUniversidade Federal do Rio de JaneiroAv. Athos da Silveira Ramos 14921941909Rio de JaneiroBrazil
| | - Pierre M. Esteves
- Instituto de QuímicaUniversidade Federal do Rio de JaneiroAv. Athos da Silveira Ramos 14921941909Rio de JaneiroBrazil
| | - Bernd Engels
- Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische ChemieJulius-Maximilians-Universität WürzburgEmil-Fischer-Straße 4297074WürzburgGermany
| | - Ricardo R. Oliveira
- Instituto de QuímicaUniversidade Federal do Rio de JaneiroAv. Athos da Silveira Ramos 14921941909Rio de JaneiroBrazil
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35
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Büssing R, Karge B, Lippmann P, Jones PG, Brönstrup M, Ott I. Gold(I) and Gold(III) N-Heterocyclic Carbene Complexes as Antibacterial Agents and Inhibitors of Bacterial Thioredoxin Reductase. ChemMedChem 2021; 16:3402-3409. [PMID: 34268875 PMCID: PMC9290826 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.202100381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Revised: 07/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
A series of (NHC)Au(I)Cl monocarbene complexes and their gold(III) analogues (NHC)Au(III)Cl3 were prepared and investigated as antibacterial agents and inhibitors of bacterial TrxR. The complexes showed stronger antibacterial effects against the Gram-positive MRSA and E. faecium strains than against several Gram-negative bacteria. All complexes were efficient inhibitors of bacterial thioredoxin reductase, indicating that inhibition of this enzyme might be involved in their mechanism of action. The efficacy of gold(I) and gold(III) analogues was comparable in most of the assays. The cytotoxicity of the gold NHC compounds against cancer and human cells was overall weaker than the activity against the Gram-positive bacteria, suggesting that their optimization as antibacterials warrants further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rolf Büssing
- Institute of Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Beethovenstrasse 55, 38106, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Bianka Karge
- Department of Chemical Biology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research and German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Inhoffenstrasse 7, 38124, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Petra Lippmann
- Institute of Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Beethovenstrasse 55, 38106, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Peter G Jones
- Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Hagenring 30, 38106, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Mark Brönstrup
- Department of Chemical Biology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research and German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Inhoffenstrasse 7, 38124, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Ingo Ott
- Institute of Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Beethovenstrasse 55, 38106, Braunschweig, Germany
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36
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Burmeister H, Dietze P, Preu L, Bandow JE, Ott I. Evaluation of Ruthenium(II) N-Heterocyclic Carbene Complexes as Antibacterial Agents and Inhibitors of Bacterial Thioredoxin Reductase. Molecules 2021; 26:4282. [PMID: 34299558 PMCID: PMC8303947 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26144282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Revised: 07/03/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
A series of ruthenium(II) complexes with N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) ligands of the general type (arene)(NHC)Ru(II)X2 (where X = halide) was prepared, characterized, and evaluated as antibacterial agents in comparison to the respective metal free benzimidazolium cations. The ruthenium(II) NHC complexes generally triggered stronger bacterial growth inhibition than the metal free benzimidazolium cations. The effects were much stronger against Gram-positive bacteria (Bacillus subtilis and Staphylococcus aureus) than against Gram-negative bacteria (Escherichia coli, Acinetobacter baumannii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa), and all complexes were inactive against the fungus Candida albicans. Moderate inhibition of bacterial thioredoxin reductase was confirmed for selected complexes, indicating that inhibition of this enzyme might be a contributing factor to the antibacterial effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hilke Burmeister
- Institute of Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Beethovenstr. 55, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany; (H.B.); (L.P.)
| | - Pascal Dietze
- Applied Microbiology, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Ruhr University Bochum, Universitätsstr. 150, 44801 Bochum, Germany; (P.D.); (J.E.B.)
| | - Lutz Preu
- Institute of Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Beethovenstr. 55, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany; (H.B.); (L.P.)
| | - Julia E. Bandow
- Applied Microbiology, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Ruhr University Bochum, Universitätsstr. 150, 44801 Bochum, Germany; (P.D.); (J.E.B.)
| | - Ingo Ott
- Institute of Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Beethovenstr. 55, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany; (H.B.); (L.P.)
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37
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Hopff SM, Wang Q, Frias C, Ahrweiler M, Wilke N, Wilke N, Berkessel A, Prokop A. A metal-free salalen ligand with anti-tumor and synergistic activity in resistant leukemia and solid tumor cells via mitochondrial pathway. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2021; 147:2591-2607. [PMID: 34213662 PMCID: PMC8310854 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-021-03679-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Since the discovery of the well-known cis-platin, transition metal complexes are highly recognized as cytostatic agents. However, toxic side effects of the metal ions present in the complexes may pose significant problems for their future development. Therefore, we investigated the metal-free salalen ligand WQF 044. METHODS DNA fragmentations in leukemia (Nalm6) and solid tumor cells (BJAB, MelHO, MCF-7, RM82) proved the apoptotic effects of WQF 044, its overcoming of resistances and the cellular pathways that are affected by the substance. The apoptotic mechanisms finding were supported by western blot analysis, measurement of the mitochondrial membrane potential and polymerase chain reactions. RESULTS A complex intervention in the mitochondrial pathway of apoptosis with a Bcl-2 and caspase dependence was observed. Additionally, a wide range of tumors were affected by the ligand in a low micromolar range in-vitro. The compound overcame multidrug resistances in P-gp over-expressed acute lymphoblastic leukemia and CD95-downregulated Ewing's sarcoma cells. Quite remarkable synergistic effects with vincristine were observed in Burkitt-like lymphoma cells. CONCLUSION The investigation of a metal-free salalen ligand as a potential anti-cancer drug revealed in promising results for a future clinical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sina M Hopff
- Department of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Municipal Clinics of Cologne, Children's Hospital of the City Cologne, Amsterdamer Straße 59, 50735, Cologne, Germany.
| | - Qifang Wang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cologne, Greinstraße 4, 50939, Cologne, Germany
| | - Corazon Frias
- Department of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Municipal Clinics of Cologne, Children's Hospital of the City Cologne, Amsterdamer Straße 59, 50735, Cologne, Germany
| | - Marie Ahrweiler
- Department of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Municipal Clinics of Cologne, Children's Hospital of the City Cologne, Amsterdamer Straße 59, 50735, Cologne, Germany
| | - Nicola Wilke
- Department of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Municipal Clinics of Cologne, Children's Hospital of the City Cologne, Amsterdamer Straße 59, 50735, Cologne, Germany
| | - Nathalie Wilke
- Department of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Municipal Clinics of Cologne, Children's Hospital of the City Cologne, Amsterdamer Straße 59, 50735, Cologne, Germany
| | - Albrecht Berkessel
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cologne, Greinstraße 4, 50939, Cologne, Germany
| | - Aram Prokop
- Department of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Municipal Clinics of Cologne, Children's Hospital of the City Cologne, Amsterdamer Straße 59, 50735, Cologne, Germany
- Department of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Helios Clinic Schwerin, Wismarsche Straße 393-397, 19055, Schwerin, Germany
- Medical School Hamburg (MSH), University of Applied Sciences and Medical University, Am Kaiserkai 1, 20457, Hamburg, Germany
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38
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Tong KKH, Hanif M, Movassaghi S, Sullivan MP, Lovett JH, Hummitzsch K, Söhnel T, Jamieson SMF, Bhargava SK, Harris HH, Hartinger CG. Triazolyl-Functionalized N-Heterocyclic Carbene Half-Sandwich Compounds: Coordination Mode, Reactivity and in vitro Anticancer Activity. ChemMedChem 2021; 16:3017-3026. [PMID: 34196118 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.202100311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Revised: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
We report investigations on the anticancer activity of organometallic [MII/III (η6 -p-cymene/η5 -pentamethylcyclopentadienyl)] (M=Ru, Os, Rh, and Ir) complexes of N-heterocyclic carbenes (NHCs) substituted with a triazolyl moiety. Depending on the precursors, the NHC ligands displayed either mono- or bidentate coordination via the NHC carbon atom or as N,C-donors. The metal complexes were investigated for their stability in aqueous solution, with the interpretation supported by density functional theory calculations, and reactivity to biomolecules. In vitro cytotoxicity studies suggested that the nature of both the metal center and the lipophilicity of the ligand determine the biological properties of this class of compounds. The IrIII complex 5 d bearing a benzimidazole-derived ligand was the most cytotoxic with an IC50 value of 10 μM against NCI-H460 non-small cell lung carcinoma cells. Cell uptake and distribution studies using X-ray fluorescence microscopy revealed localization of 5 d in the cytoplasm of cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelvin K H Tong
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand.,Maurice Wilkins Centre, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand
| | - Muhammad Hanif
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand.,Maurice Wilkins Centre, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand
| | - Sanam Movassaghi
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand
| | - Matthew P Sullivan
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand.,Maurice Wilkins Centre, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand.,School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand
| | - James H Lovett
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia
| | - Katja Hummitzsch
- Discipline of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The University of Adelaide, Robinson Research Institute, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia
| | - Tilo Söhnel
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand
| | - Stephen M F Jamieson
- Maurice Wilkins Centre, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand.,Auckland Cancer Society Research Centre, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand
| | - Suresh K Bhargava
- Centre for Advanced Materials and Industrial Chemistry, School of Science, RMIT University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Hugh H Harris
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia
| | - Christian G Hartinger
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand.,Maurice Wilkins Centre, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand
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39
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Mirzadeh N, Telukutla SR, Luwor R, Privér S, Velma GR, Jakku RK, Andrew N S, Plebanski M, Christian H, Bhargava S. Dinuclear orthometallated gold(I)-gold(III) anticancer complexes with potent in vivo activity through an ROS-dependent mechanism. Metallomics 2021; 13:6308826. [PMID: 34165566 DOI: 10.1093/mtomcs/mfab039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Revised: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Increasingly explored over the last decade, gold complexes have shown great promise in the field of cancer therapeutics. A major obstacle to their clinical progression has been their lack of in vivo stability, particularly for gold(III) complexes, which often undergo a facile reduction in the presence of biomolecules such as glutathione. Herein, we report a new class of promising anticancer gold(I)-gold(III) complexes with the general formula [XAuI(μ-2-C6F4PPh2)(κ2-2-C6F4PPh2)AuIIIX] [X = Cl (1), Br (2), NO3 (3)] which feature two gold atoms in different oxidation states (I and III) in a single molecule. Interestingly, gold(I)-gold(III) complexes (1-3) are stable against glutathione reduction under physiological-like conditions. In addition, complexes 1-3 exhibit significant cytotoxicity (276-fold greater than cisplatin) toward the tested cancer cells compared to the noncancerous cells. Moreover, the gold(I)-gold(III) complexes do not interact with DNA-like cisplatin but target cellular thioredoxin reductase, an enzyme linked to the development of cisplatin drug resistance. Complexes 1-3 also showed potential to inhibit cancer and endothelial cell migration, as well as tube formation during angiogenesis. In vivo studies in a murine HeLa xenograft model further showed the gold compounds may inhibit tumor growth on par clinically used cisplatin, supporting the significant potential this new compound class has for further development as cancer therapeutic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nedaossadat Mirzadeh
- Centre for Advanced Materials and Industrial Chemistry (CAMIC), School of Science, RMIT University, GPO Box 2476, Melbourne, Victoria, 3001, Australia
| | - Srinivasa Reddy Telukutla
- Centre for Advanced Materials and Industrial Chemistry (CAMIC), School of Science, RMIT University, GPO Box 2476, Melbourne, Victoria, 3001, Australia
| | - Rodney Luwor
- Department of Surgery, Royal Melbourne Hospital, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, 3010, Australia
| | - Steven Privér
- Centre for Advanced Materials and Industrial Chemistry (CAMIC), School of Science, RMIT University, GPO Box 2476, Melbourne, Victoria, 3001, Australia
| | - Ganga Reddy Velma
- Centre for Advanced Materials and Industrial Chemistry (CAMIC), School of Science, RMIT University, GPO Box 2476, Melbourne, Victoria, 3001, Australia
| | - Ranjith Kumar Jakku
- Centre for Advanced Materials and Industrial Chemistry (CAMIC), School of Science, RMIT University, GPO Box 2476, Melbourne, Victoria, 3001, Australia
| | - Stephens Andrew N
- Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, Victoria, 3168, Australia
| | | | - Hartinger Christian
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand
| | - Suresh Bhargava
- Centre for Advanced Materials and Industrial Chemistry (CAMIC), School of Science, RMIT University, GPO Box 2476, Melbourne, Victoria, 3001, Australia
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40
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Goetzfried SK, Koenig SMC, Gallati CM, Gust R. Internal and External Influences on Stability and Ligand Exchange Reactions in Bromido[3-ethyl-4-aryl-5-(2-methoxypyridin-5-yl)-1-propyl-1,3-dihydro-2 H-imidazol-2-ylidene]gold(I) Complexes. Inorg Chem 2021; 60:8546-8553. [PMID: 34097405 PMCID: PMC8277168 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.1c00325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
![]()
The ligand scrambling
reaction of gold(I) complexes is a phenomenon
occurring primarily in L–AuI–X (L = phosphine, N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC), and thiol; X = halide and
thiol) complexes and has been observed among others for e.g., the
bromido[3-ethyl-4-(4-methoxyphenyl)-5-(2-methoxypyridin-5-yl)-1-propyl-1,3-dihydro-2H-imidazol-2-ylidene]gold(I) complex (7a),
which underwent ligand rearrangement in aqueous solutions. In this
study, we investigated the influence of substituents on the 4-aryl
ring of the related (NHC)AuIBr complexes (1a–9a) in terms of the conversion to the [(NHC)2AuI]+ (1b–9b) and [(NHC)2AuIIIBr2]+ (1c–9c) species. Furthermore,
the influence of external factors such as solvent, temperature, concentration,
and presence of halides (Cl–, Br–, and I–) or hydroxyl ions was studied to gain
a deeper understanding of the ligand rearrangement reaction. The substituent
on the 4-aryl ring has a marginal impact on the scrambling reaction.
Out of the investigated organic solvents (dimethylformamide (DMF),
dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), ethanol (EtOH), methanol (MeOH), and acetonitrile
(ACN)), only ACN separates single complex molecules. In all other
solvents, relatively stable ((NHC)AuIBr)2 dimers
are present. The addition of water to ACN solutions forces the formation
of such dimeric units, starting the transformation to [(NHC)2AuI]+ and [(NHC)2AuIIIBr2]+. The rate-determining step is the release
of Br– from a T-shape intermediate because an excess
of KBr terminates this reaction. Furthermore, it is obvious that only
single molecules react with halides. The aurophilic interactions between
two (NHC)AuIBr molecules are too strong in the presence
of water and largely impeded reaction with halides. As a single molecule,
the reaction with Cl– (e.g., in a 0.9% NaCl solution)
is notable, while I– even leads to a fast and quantitative
conversion to (NHC)AuII and finally to [(NHC)2AuI]+. Internal
and external factors of the ligand scrambling reaction
in (NHC)AuIBr complexes were investigated by the means
of HPLC. The data represent the impact of substituents, temperature,
solvent, concentration and addition of halides on the conversion to
the respective [(NHC)2AuI]+ and the
oxidation to the [(NHC)2AuIIIBr2]+ complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sina Katharina Goetzfried
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy, Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80/82, Innsbruck A-6020, Austria
| | - Sophie Marie Charlotte Koenig
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy, Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80/82, Innsbruck A-6020, Austria
| | - Caroline Marie Gallati
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy, Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80/82, Innsbruck A-6020, Austria
| | - Ronald Gust
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy, Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80/82, Innsbruck A-6020, Austria
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In-vitro and in-vivo investigations into the carbene-gold anticancer drug candidates NHC*-Au-SCSNMe2 and NHC*-Au-S-GLUC against advanced prostate cancer PC3. Anticancer Drugs 2021; 31:672-683. [PMID: 32282370 DOI: 10.1097/cad.0000000000000930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The anticancer drug candidates 1,3-dibenzyl-4,5-diphenyl-imidazol-2-ylidene gold(I) dimethylamino dithiocarbamate and 2,3,4,6-tetra-O-acetyl-α-D-glucopyranosyl-1-thiolate derivative exhibited nanomolar in-vitro activity against prostate cancer cells advanced prostate cancer (PC3) and micromolar inhibition of mammalian thioredoxin reductase. Encouraging maximum tolerable dose experiments led to human prostate cancer subcutaneous xenograft experiments; 1,3-dibenzyl-4,5-diphenyl-imidazol-2-ylidene gold(I) dimethylamino dithiocarbamate and 2,3,4,6-tetra-O-acetyl-α-D-glucopyranosyl-1-thiolate derivative were applied twelve times at two doses in groups of n = 5 PC3 to tumor-bearing NMRI:nu/nu mice. 1,3-dibenzyl-4,5-diphenyl-imidazol-2-ylidene gold(I) dimethylamino dithiocarbamate and 2,3,4,6-tetra-O-acetyl-α-D-glucopyranosyl-1-thiolate derivative at the dose of 10 and 20 mg/kg showed good tolerability, while no significant body weight loss was seen in both groups. In particular, for the drug 1,3-dibenzyl-4,5-diphenyl-imidazol-2-ylidene gold(I) dimethylamino dithiocarbamate the tumor growth inhibition suggested to be dose dependent, reflected by the respective optimal T/C values of 0.45 at the dose of 10 mg/kg and of 0.31 at the dose of 20 mg/kg. By contrast, the 2,3,4,6-tetra-O-acetyl-α-D-glucopyranosyl-1-thiolate derivative treated groups showed no indication for dose-dependent antitumoral activity, as reflected by the optimal T/C values of 0.44 for the 10 mg/kg and for the 20 mg/kg treated mice. Immunohistochemical experiments involving Ki67 staining of tumor tissue showed that both compounds reduced PC3 cell proliferation against the difficult to treat advanced human prostate tumors derived from PC3.
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42
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Evans A, Kavanagh KA. Evaluation of metal-based antimicrobial compounds for the treatment of bacterial pathogens. J Med Microbiol 2021; 70:001363. [PMID: 33961541 PMCID: PMC8289199 DOI: 10.1099/jmm.0.001363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is one of the greatest global health challenges of modern times and its prevalence is rising worldwide. AMR within bacteria reduces the efficacy of antibiotics and increases both the morbidity and the mortality associated with bacterial infections. Despite this growing risk, few antibiotics with a novel mode of action are being produced, leading to a lack of antibiotics that can effectively treat bacterial infections with AMR. Metals have a history of antibacterial use but upon the discovery of antibiotics, often became overlooked as antibacterial agents. Meanwhile, metal-based complexes have been used as treatments for other diseases, such as the gold-containing drug auranofin, used to treat rheumatoid arthritis. Metal-based antibacterial compounds have novel modes of action that provide an advantage for the treatment of bacterial infections with resistance to conventional antibiotics. In this review, the antibacterial activity, mode of action, and potential for systemic use of a number of metal-based antibacterial complexes are discussed. The current limitations of these compounds are highlighted to determine if metal-based agents are a potential solution for the treatment of bacterial infections, especially those resistant to conventional antibiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andris Evans
- SSPC Pharma Research Centre, Department of Biology, Maynooth University, Co. Kildare, Ireland
| | - Kevin A. Kavanagh
- SSPC Pharma Research Centre, Department of Biology, Maynooth University, Co. Kildare, Ireland
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43
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Mazars F, Hrubaru M, Tumanov N, Wouters J, Delaude L. Synthesis of Azolium‐2‐dithiocarboxylate Zwitterions under Mild, Aerobic Conditions. European J Org Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202100274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- François Mazars
- Laboratory of Catalysis MolSys Research Unit Université de Liège Institut de Chimie Organique (B6a) Allée du six Août 13 4000 Liège Belgium
| | - Madalina Hrubaru
- Center for Organic Chemistry “Costin D. Nenitescu” Romanian Academy Spl Independentei Bucureşti, 202B 060023 Bucharest Romania
| | - Nikolay Tumanov
- Department of Chemistry Université de Namur Rue de Bruxelles 61 5000 Namur Belgium
| | - Johan Wouters
- Department of Chemistry Université de Namur Rue de Bruxelles 61 5000 Namur Belgium
| | - Lionel Delaude
- Laboratory of Catalysis MolSys Research Unit Université de Liège Institut de Chimie Organique (B6a) Allée du six Août 13 4000 Liège Belgium
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44
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Gallati CM, Goetzfried SK, Ortmeier A, Sagasser J, Wurst K, Hermann M, Baecker D, Kircher B, Gust R. Synthesis, characterization and biological activity of bis[3-ethyl-4-aryl-5-(2-methoxypyridin-5-yl)-1-propyl-1,3-dihydro-2H-imidazol-2-ylidene]gold(i) complexes. Dalton Trans 2021; 50:4270-4279. [PMID: 33688890 DOI: 10.1039/d0dt03902k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
A series of bis[3-ethyl-4-aryl-5-(2-methoxypyridin-5-yl)-1-propyl-1,3-dihydro-2H-imidazol-2-ylidene]gold(i) complexes (2a-f) containing methyl, fluoro or methoxy substituents at various positions in the 4-aryl ring was synthesized and evaluated for their anti-cancer properties in A2780 (wild-type and Cisplatin-resistant) ovarian carcinoma as well as LAMA 84 (imatinib-sensitive and -resistant) and HL-60 leukemia cell lines. The bis-NHC gold(i) complexes were more active compared to their related mono-NHC gold(i) analogues and reduced proliferation and metabolic activity in a low micromolar range. With the exception of 2d (3-F), the compounds displayed higher potency than the established drugs Auranofin and Cisplatin. The lack of effects against non-cancerous lung fibroblast SV-80 cells indicated a high selectivity towards tumor cells. All tested complexes generated reactive oxygen species in A2780cis cells; however, the induction of apoptosis was very low. Furthermore, thioredoxin reductase is not the main target of these complexes, because its inhibition pattern did not correlate with their biological activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Marie Gallati
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy, Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80/82, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria.
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45
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Petrucci R, Feroci M, Mattiello L, Chiarotto I. Xanthine Scaffold: Available Synthesis Routes to Deliver Diversity by Derivatization. MINI-REV ORG CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.2174/1570193x17999200507103141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The functionalization of the skeletal systems of heterocycles represents a significant goal
for the development of new compounds. The heterocyclic molecule xanthine (3,7-dihydro-1Hpurine-
2,6-dione) is a purine base with a bicyclic ring skeleton and four different nitrogen atoms,
three of them are -NH groups. The principal derivatives are the well known natural methylxanthines
(e.g., caffeine, theophylline and theobromine) that have prominent physiological effects at a very low
dose. The natural methylated xanthines, theophylline, theobromine and caffeine, are present in different
plants such as the tea, cocoa and coffee species. For this reason natural xanthines can be considered
as bio-based and renewable starting materials; their use in organic synthesis is strongly recommended
in order to carry out sustainable chemistry. Essentially, the xanthine scaffold led to the
preparation of numerous compounds very attractive in the pharmaceutical field, and these drugs are
commercialized for a wide range of biological activities. The scope of this mini-review is to consider
the use of natural xanthines as starting material in chemical transformations carried out in organic
solvents, without the intent to be exhaustive of all the synthetically chemical applications. More information
on the chemical and electrochemical reactivity of this structural core in an organic solvent
can be useful for the scientific community. The effectiveness of natural xanthines can be improved
by modifying the structures of these already biologically active compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rita Petrucci
- Dept. Basic and Applied Sciences for Engineering (SBAI), Sapienza University of Rome, via del Castro Laurenziano, 7, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Marta Feroci
- Dept. Basic and Applied Sciences for Engineering (SBAI), Sapienza University of Rome, via del Castro Laurenziano, 7, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Leonardo Mattiello
- Dept. Basic and Applied Sciences for Engineering (SBAI), Sapienza University of Rome, via del Castro Laurenziano, 7, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Isabella Chiarotto
- Dept. Basic and Applied Sciences for Engineering (SBAI), Sapienza University of Rome, via del Castro Laurenziano, 7, 00161, Rome, Italy
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46
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Rosa LB, Aires RL, Oliveira LS, Fontes JV, Miguel DC, Abbehausen C. A "Golden Age" for the discovery of new antileishmanial agents: Current status of leishmanicidal gold complexes and prospective targets beyond the trypanothione system. ChemMedChem 2021; 16:1681-1695. [PMID: 33615725 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.202100022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Leishmaniasis is one of the most neglected diseases worldwide and is considered a serious public health issue. The current therapeutic options have several disadvantages that make the search for new therapeutics urgent. Gold compounds are emerging as promising candidates based on encouraging in vitro and limited in vivo results for several AuI and AuIII complexes. The antiparasitic mechanisms of these molecules remain only partially understood. However, a few studies have proposed the trypanothione redox system as a target, similar to the mammalian thioredoxin system, pointed out as the main target for several gold compounds with significant antitumor activity. In this review, we present the current status of the investigation and design of gold compounds directed at treating leishmaniasis. In addition, we explore potential targets in Leishmania parasites beyond the trypanothione system, taking into account previous studies and structure modulation performed for gold-based compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leticia B Rosa
- Institute of Biology, University of Campinas UNICAMP, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Rochanna L Aires
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Campinas, PO Box 6154, 13083-970, Campinas, SP, Brazil)
| | - Laiane S Oliveira
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Campinas, PO Box 6154, 13083-970, Campinas, SP, Brazil)
| | - Josielle V Fontes
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Campinas, PO Box 6154, 13083-970, Campinas, SP, Brazil)
| | - Danilo C Miguel
- Institute of Biology, University of Campinas UNICAMP, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Camilla Abbehausen
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Campinas, PO Box 6154, 13083-970, Campinas, SP, Brazil)
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47
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Rousselle B, Bouyer F, Bayardon J, Laly M, Ghiringhelli F, Rousselin Y, Bodio E, Malacea-Kabbara R. Development of a novel highly anti-proliferative family of gold complexes: Au(i)-phosphonium-phosphines. Dalton Trans 2021; 50:4880-4889. [PMID: 33877185 DOI: 10.1039/d0dt03708g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A family of gold(i)-phosphonium-phosphine complexes was synthesized thanks to an efficient 5-step strategy, which involves a phospha-Fries rearrangement. It enables the facile variation of the phosphonium moiety. All the complexes along with a synthetic intermediate were fully characterized (a crystal structure was obtained for two of them). The antiproliferative properties of the six novel complexes were evaluated on three human cancer cell lines (A549, MDA-MB-231, and SW480) and compared to those of three benchmark anticancer drugs used in clinics (oxaliplatin, 5-fluorouracil, and paclitaxel) and to a phosphonium-free gold(i) complex [Au(PPh3)Br]. All the gold(i) complexes, containing a phosphonium, displayed strong anti-proliferative properties. They were more efficient than oxaliplatin and 5-fluorouracil, and one of the complexes was even more efficient than paclitaxel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Rousselle
- ICMUB UMR6302, CNRS, Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté, F-21000 Dijon, France.
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48
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Proetto MT, Alexander K, Melaimi M, Bertrand G, Gianneschi NC. Cyclic (Alkyl)(Amino)Carbene (CAAC) Gold(I) Complexes as Chemotherapeutic Agents. Chemistry 2021; 27:3772-3778. [PMID: 33090571 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202004317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Cyclic (Alkyl)(Amino)Carbenes (CAACs) have become forceful ligands for gold due to their ability to form very strong ligand-metal bonds. Inspired by the success of Auranofin and other gold complexes as antitumor agents, we have studied the cytotoxicity of bis- and mono-CAAC-gold complexes on different cancer cell lines: HeLa (cervical cancer), A549 (lung cancer), HT1080 (fibrosarcoma) and Caov-3 (ovarian cancer). Further investigations aimed at elucidating their mechanism of action are described. This includes quantification of affinities for TrxR, evaluation of their bioavailability and determination of associated cell death process. Moreover, Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) was used to study morphological changes upon exposure. Noticeably, a significant reduction in non-specific binding to serum proteins was observed with CAAC complexes when compared to Auranofin. These results confirm the potential of CAAC-gold complexes in biological environments, which may result in more specific drug-target interactions and decreased side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria T Proetto
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA.,Department of Chemistry, Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Department of Biomedical Engineering and Department of Pharmacology, International Institute for Nanotechnology, Simpson Querrey Institute, Chemistry of Life Processes Institute and Lurie Cancer Center, Northwestern University, Evanston, Il, 60208, USA
| | - Kelsey Alexander
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Mohand Melaimi
- UCSD-CNRS Joint Research Laboratory (UMI 3555), Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093-0358, USA
| | - Guy Bertrand
- UCSD-CNRS Joint Research Laboratory (UMI 3555), Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093-0358, USA
| | - Nathan C Gianneschi
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA.,Department of Chemistry, Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Department of Biomedical Engineering and Department of Pharmacology, International Institute for Nanotechnology, Simpson Querrey Institute, Chemistry of Life Processes Institute and Lurie Cancer Center, Northwestern University, Evanston, Il, 60208, USA
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49
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Parsekar SU, Haldar P, Antharjanam PS, Kumar M, Koley AP. Synthesis, characterization, crystal structure, DNA and human serum albumin interactions, as well as antiproliferative activity of a Cu(II) complex containing a Schiff base ligand formed in situ from the Cu(II)‐induced cyclization of 1,5‐bis(salicylidene)thiocarbohydrazide. Appl Organomet Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/aoc.6152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sidhali U. Parsekar
- Department of Chemical Engineering Birla Institute of Technology and Science‐Pilani, K.K. Birla Goa Campus Zuarinagar India
| | - Paramita Haldar
- Department of Chemical Engineering Birla Institute of Technology and Science‐Pilani, K.K. Birla Goa Campus Zuarinagar India
| | | | - Manjuri Kumar
- Department of Chemical Engineering Birla Institute of Technology and Science‐Pilani, K.K. Birla Goa Campus Zuarinagar India
| | - Aditya P. Koley
- Department of Chemistry Birla Institute of Technology and Science‐Pilani, K.K. Birla Goa Campus Zuarinagar India
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50
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Gil‐Moles M, Basu U, Büssing R, Hoffmeister H, Türck S, Varchmin A, Ott I. Gold Metallodrugs to Target Coronavirus Proteins: Inhibitory Effects on the Spike-ACE2 Interaction and on PLpro Protease Activity by Auranofin and Gold Organometallics*. Chemistry 2020; 26:15140-15144. [PMID: 32915473 PMCID: PMC7756435 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202004112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Gold complexes have a long tradition in medicine and for many examples antirheumatic, anticancer or anti-infective effects have been confirmed. Herein, we evaluated the lead compound Auranofin and five selected gold organometallics as inhibitors of two relevant drug targets of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronaviruses (SARS-CoV). The gold metallodrugs were effective inhibitors of the interaction of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein with the angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) host receptor and might thus interfere with the viral entry process. The gold metallodrugs were also efficient inhibitors of the papain-like protease (PLpro) of SARS-CoV-1 and SARS-CoV-2, which is a key enzyme in the viral replication. Regarding PLpro from SARS-CoV-2, the here reported inhibitors are among the very first experimentally confirmed examples with activity against this target enzyme. Importantly, the activity of the complexes against both PLpro enzymes correlated with the ability of the inhibitors to remove zinc ions from the labile zinc center of the enzyme. Taken together, the results of this pilot study suggest further evaluation of gold complexes as SARS-CoV antiviral drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Gil‐Moles
- Institute of Medicinal and Pharmaceutical ChemistryTechnische Universität BraunschweigBeethovenstrasse 5538106BraunschweigGermany
| | - Uttara Basu
- Institute of Medicinal and Pharmaceutical ChemistryTechnische Universität BraunschweigBeethovenstrasse 5538106BraunschweigGermany
| | - Rolf Büssing
- Institute of Medicinal and Pharmaceutical ChemistryTechnische Universität BraunschweigBeethovenstrasse 5538106BraunschweigGermany
| | - Henrik Hoffmeister
- Institute of Medicinal and Pharmaceutical ChemistryTechnische Universität BraunschweigBeethovenstrasse 5538106BraunschweigGermany
| | - Sebastian Türck
- Institute of Medicinal and Pharmaceutical ChemistryTechnische Universität BraunschweigBeethovenstrasse 5538106BraunschweigGermany
| | - Agnieszka Varchmin
- Institute of Medicinal and Pharmaceutical ChemistryTechnische Universität BraunschweigBeethovenstrasse 5538106BraunschweigGermany
| | - Ingo Ott
- Institute of Medicinal and Pharmaceutical ChemistryTechnische Universität BraunschweigBeethovenstrasse 5538106BraunschweigGermany
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