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Ma B, Shi J, Zhang Y, Li Z, Yong H, Zhou YN, Liu S, A S, Zhou D. Enzymatically Activatable Polymers for Disease Diagnosis and Treatment. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023:e2306358. [PMID: 37992728 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202306358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/24/2023]
Abstract
The irregular expression or activity of enzymes in the human body leads to various pathological disorders and can therefore be used as an intrinsic trigger for more precise identification of disease foci and controlled release of diagnostics and therapeutics, leading to improved diagnostic accuracy, sensitivity, and therapeutic efficacy while reducing systemic toxicity. Advanced synthesis strategies enable the preparation of polymers with enzymatically activatable skeletons or side chains, while understanding enzymatically responsive mechanisms promotes rational incorporation of activatable units and predictions of the release profile of diagnostics and therapeutics, ultimately leading to promising applications in disease diagnosis and treatment with superior biocompatibility and efficiency. By overcoming the challenges, new opportunities will emerge to inspire researchers to develop more efficient, safer, and clinically reliable enzymatically activatable polymeric carriers as well as prodrugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Ma
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
| | - Jiahao Shi
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
| | - Yuhe Zhang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
| | - Zhili Li
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
| | - Haiyang Yong
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
| | - Ya-Nan Zhou
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
| | - Shuai Liu
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Sigen A
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
- School of Medicine, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan, 232001, China
| | - Dezhong Zhou
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
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Bhagchandani SH, Vohidov F, Milling LE, Tong EY, Brown CM, Ramseier ML, Liu B, Fessenden TB, Nguyen HVT, Kiel GR, Won L, Langer RS, Spranger S, Shalek AK, Irvine DJ, Johnson JA. Engineering kinetics of TLR7/8 agonist release from bottlebrush prodrugs enables tumor-focused immune stimulation. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eadg2239. [PMID: 37075115 PMCID: PMC10115420 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adg2239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Imidazoquinolines (IMDs), such as resiquimod (R848), are of great interest as potential cancer immunotherapies because of their ability to activate Toll-like receptor 7 (TLR7) and/or TLR8 on innate immune cells. Nevertheless, intravenous administration of IMDs causes severe immune-related toxicities, and attempts to improve their tissue-selective exposure while minimizing acute systemic inflammation have proven difficult. Here, using a library of R848 "bottlebrush prodrugs" (BPDs) that differ only by their R848 release kinetics, we explore how the timing of R848 exposure affects immune stimulation in vitro and in vivo. These studies led to the discovery of R848-BPDs that exhibit optimal activation kinetics to achieve potent stimulation of myeloid cells in tumors and substantial reductions in tumor growth following systemic administration in mouse syngeneic tumor models without any observable systemic toxicity. These results suggest that release kinetics can be tuned at the molecular level to provide safe yet effective systemically administered immunostimulant prodrugs for next-generation cancer immunotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sachin H. Bhagchandani
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 500 Main Street, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Farrukh Vohidov
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Lauren E. Milling
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Evelyn Yuzhou Tong
- Institute for Medical Engineering and Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
| | - Christopher M. Brown
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Michelle L. Ramseier
- Institute for Medical Engineering and Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
| | - Bin Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Timothy B. Fessenden
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 500 Main Street, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Hung V.-T. Nguyen
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Gavin R. Kiel
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Lori Won
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Robert S. Langer
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 500 Main Street, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Stefani Spranger
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 500 Main Street, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Alex K. Shalek
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 500 Main Street, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Institute for Medical Engineering and Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
| | - Darrell J. Irvine
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 500 Main Street, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD 20815, USA
| | - Jeremiah A. Johnson
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 500 Main Street, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
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3
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Jeon SI, Kim HJ, Lee JH, Ahn CH. Development of a Hypoxia-Sensitive Material Producing Fluorescence and Ultrasound Signals. Macromol Res 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s13233-022-0100-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Amphotericin B-PEG Conjugates of ZnO Nanoparticles: Enhancement Antifungal Activity with Minimal Toxicity. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14081646. [PMID: 36015271 PMCID: PMC9415822 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14081646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Revised: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Amphotericin B (AMB) is commonly used to treat life-threatening systemic fungal infections. AMB formulations that are more efficient and less nephrotoxic are currently unmet needs. In the current study, new ZnO-PEGylated AMB (ZnO-AMB-PEG) nanoparticles (NPs) were synthesized and their antifungal effects on the Candida spp. were investigated. The size and zeta potential values of AMB-PEG and ZnO-AMB-PEG NPs were 216.2 ± 26.9 to 662.3 ± 24.7 nm and −11.8 ± 2.02 to −14.2 ± 0.94 mV, respectively. The FTIR, XRD, and EDX spectra indicated that the PEG-enclosed AMB was capped by ZnO, and SEM images revealed the ZnO distribution on the surface NPs. In comparison to ZnO-AMB NPs and free AMB against C.albicans and C.neoformans, ZnO-AMB-PEG NPs significantly reduced the MIC and MFC. After a week of single and multiple dosage, the toxicity was investigated utilizing in vitro blood hemolysis, in vivo nephrotoxicity, and hepatic functions. ZnO-AMB-PEG significantly lowered WBC count and hematocrit concentrations when compared to AMB and ZnO-AMB. RBC count and hemoglobulin content, on the other hand, were unaltered. ZnO-AMB-PEG considerably lowered creatinine and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) levels when compared to AMB and ZnO-AMB. The difference in liver function indicators was determined to be minor by all formulae. These findings imply that ZnO-AMB-PEG could be utilized in the clinic with little nephrotoxicity, although more research is needed to determine the formulation’s in vivo efficacy.
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Abdelghafour MM, Deák Á, Szabó D, Dékány I, Rovó L, Janovák L. Use of Self-Assembled Colloidal Prodrug Nanoparticles for Controlled Drug Delivery of Anticancer, Antifibrotic and Antibacterial Mitomycin. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23126807. [PMID: 35743251 PMCID: PMC9224153 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23126807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Revised: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Herein we present the synthesis of a polymeric prodrug nanomaterial capable of spontaneous, self-assembled nanoparticle formation and of the conjugation (encapsulation) of drugs with amino and/or carboxyl and/or hydroxyl groups via ester and/or amide linkage. Mitomycin C (MMC) a versatile drug with antibiotic, antibacterial and antineoplastic properties, was used to prove this concept. The in vitro drug release experiments showed a fast release for the pure MMC (k = 49.59 h-n); however, a significantly lower MMC dissolution rate (k = 2.25, 1.46, and 1.35 h-n) was obtained for the nanoparticles with increased cross-link density (3, 10, 21%). The successful modification and conjugation reactions were confirmed using FTIR and EDX measurements, while the mucoadhesive properties of the self-assembled particles synthesized in a simple one-pot reaction were proved by rheological measurement. The prepared biocompatible polymeric prodrugs are very promising and applicable as a drug delivery system (DDS) and useful in the area of cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed M. Abdelghafour
- Department of Physical Chemistry and Materials Science, University of Szeged, Rerrich Béla tér 1, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary; (M.M.A.); (Á.D.); (I.D.)
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt
| | - Ágota Deák
- Department of Physical Chemistry and Materials Science, University of Szeged, Rerrich Béla tér 1, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary; (M.M.A.); (Á.D.); (I.D.)
| | - Diána Szabó
- Department of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology and Head & Neck Surgery, University of Szeged, Tisza Lajos krt. 111, H-6724 Szeged, Hungary; (D.S.); (L.R.)
| | - Imre Dékány
- Department of Physical Chemistry and Materials Science, University of Szeged, Rerrich Béla tér 1, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary; (M.M.A.); (Á.D.); (I.D.)
| | - László Rovó
- Department of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology and Head & Neck Surgery, University of Szeged, Tisza Lajos krt. 111, H-6724 Szeged, Hungary; (D.S.); (L.R.)
| | - László Janovák
- Department of Physical Chemistry and Materials Science, University of Szeged, Rerrich Béla tér 1, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary; (M.M.A.); (Á.D.); (I.D.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +36-62-544-210; Fax: +36-62-544-042
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6
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Dart A, Roy D, Vlaskin V, Limqueco E, Lowe NM, Srinivasan S, Ratner DM, Bhave M, Stayton P, Kingshott P. A nanofiber based antiviral (TAF) prodrug delivery system. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2022; 133:112626. [PMID: 35039198 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2021.112626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Revised: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
HIV and hepatitis B are two of the most prevalent viruses globally, and despite readily available preventive treatments unforgiving treatment regimens still exist, such as daily doses of medicine that are challenging to maintain especially in poorer countries. More advanced and longer-lasting delivery vehicles can potentially overcome this problem by reducing maintenance requirements and significantly increase access to medicine. Here, we designed a technology to control the delivery of an antiviral drug over a long timeframe via a nanofiber based delivery scaffold that is both easy to produce and use. An antiviral prodrug containing tenofovir alafenamide (TAF) was synthesized by initial conjugation to glycerol monomethacrylate followed by polymerization to form a diblock copolymer (pTAF) using reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT). In order to generate an efficient drug delivery system this copolymer was fabricated into an electrospun nanofiber (ESF) scaffold using blend electrospinning with poly(caprolactone) (PCL) as the carrier polymer. SEM images revealed that the pTAF-PCL ESFs were uniform with an average diameter of (787 ± 0.212 nm), while XPS analysis demonstrated that the pTAF was overrepresented at the surface of the ESFs. Additionally, the pTAF exhibited a sustained release profile over a 2 month period in human serum (HS), suggesting that these types of copolymer-based drugamers can be used in conjunction with electrospinning to produce long-lasting drug delivery systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Dart
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, School of Science, Computing and Engineering Technologies, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, Victoria 3122, Australia
| | - Debashish Roy
- Molecular Engineering & Sciences Institute, Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Vladimir Vlaskin
- Molecular Engineering & Sciences Institute, Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Elaine Limqueco
- Molecular Engineering & Sciences Institute, Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Neona M Lowe
- Molecular Engineering & Sciences Institute, Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Selvi Srinivasan
- Molecular Engineering & Sciences Institute, Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Daniel M Ratner
- Molecular Engineering & Sciences Institute, Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Mrinal Bhave
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, School of Science, Computing and Engineering Technologies, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, Victoria 3122, Australia
| | - Patrick Stayton
- Molecular Engineering & Sciences Institute, Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA.
| | - Peter Kingshott
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, School of Science, Computing and Engineering Technologies, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, Victoria 3122, Australia; ARC Training Centre Training Centre in Surface Engineering for Advanced Materials (SEAM), Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, Victoria 3122, Australia.
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7
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Kang J, Mun SK, Choi EJ, Kim JJ, Yee ST, Chang DJ. A preliminary study for the development of cleavable linkers using activatable fluorescent probes targeting leucine aminopeptidase. Analyst 2022; 147:5386-5394. [DOI: 10.1039/d2an01145j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
The Kinetic and ex vivo stability studies of LAP-responsive fluorescent probes demonstrated that the stability and intrinsic drug releasing activity of the cleavalbe linker can be evaluated by a peptidase-responsive activatable fluorescent probe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Kang
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Life and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sunchon National University, 255 Jungang-ro, Suncheon 57922, Korea
| | - Seul-Ki Mun
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Life and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sunchon National University, 255 Jungang-ro, Suncheon 57922, Korea
| | - Eu-Jin Choi
- Department of Biology, Sunchon National University, 255 Jungang-ro, Suncheon 57922, Korea
| | - Jong-Jin Kim
- Gwangju Center, Korea Basic Science Institute (KBSI), Gwangju 61186, Korea
| | - Sung-Tae Yee
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Life and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sunchon National University, 255 Jungang-ro, Suncheon 57922, Korea
| | - Dong-Jo Chang
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Life and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sunchon National University, 255 Jungang-ro, Suncheon 57922, Korea
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8
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Vohidov F, Andersen JN, Economides KD, Shipitsin MV, Burenkova O, Ackley JC, Vangamudi B, Nguyen HVT, Gallagher NM, Shieh P, Golder MR, Liu J, Dahlberg WK, Ehrlich DJC, Kim J, Kristufek SL, Huh SJ, Neenan AM, Baddour J, Paramasivan S, de Stanchina E, Kc G, Turnquist DJ, Saucier-Sawyer JK, Kopesky PW, Brady SW, Jessel MJ, Reiter LA, Chickering DE, Johnson JA, Blume-Jensen P. Design of BET Inhibitor Bottlebrush Prodrugs with Superior Efficacy and Devoid of Systemic Toxicities. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:4714-4724. [PMID: 33739832 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c00312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Prodrugs engineered for preferential activation in diseased versus normal tissues offer immense potential to improve the therapeutic indexes (TIs) of preclinical and clinical-stage active pharmaceutical ingredients that either cannot be developed otherwise or whose efficacy or tolerability it is highly desirable to improve. Such approaches, however, often suffer from trial-and-error design, precluding predictive synthesis and optimization. Here, using bromodomain and extra-terminal (BET) protein inhibitors (BETi)-a class of epigenetic regulators with proven anticancer potential but clinical development hindered in large part by narrow TIs-we introduce a macromolecular prodrug platform that overcomes these challenges. Through tuning of traceless linkers appended to a "bottlebrush prodrug" scaffold, we demonstrate correlation of in vitro prodrug activation kinetics with in vivo tumor pharmacokinetics, enabling the predictive design of novel BETi prodrugs with enhanced antitumor efficacies and devoid of dose-limiting toxicities in a syngeneic triple-negative breast cancer murine model. This work may have immediate clinical implications, introducing a platform for predictive prodrug design and potentially overcoming hurdles in drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farrukh Vohidov
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Jannik N Andersen
- XTuit Pharmaceuticals, 35 Gatehouse Drive, Waltham, Massachusetts 02451, United States
| | - Kyriakos D Economides
- XTuit Pharmaceuticals, 35 Gatehouse Drive, Waltham, Massachusetts 02451, United States
| | - Michail V Shipitsin
- XTuit Pharmaceuticals, 35 Gatehouse Drive, Waltham, Massachusetts 02451, United States
| | - Olga Burenkova
- XTuit Pharmaceuticals, 35 Gatehouse Drive, Waltham, Massachusetts 02451, United States
| | - James C Ackley
- XTuit Pharmaceuticals, 35 Gatehouse Drive, Waltham, Massachusetts 02451, United States
| | - Bhavatarini Vangamudi
- XTuit Pharmaceuticals, 35 Gatehouse Drive, Waltham, Massachusetts 02451, United States
| | - Hung V-T Nguyen
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Nolan M Gallagher
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Peyton Shieh
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Matthew R Golder
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Jenny Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States.,XTuit Pharmaceuticals, 35 Gatehouse Drive, Waltham, Massachusetts 02451, United States
| | - William K Dahlberg
- XTuit Pharmaceuticals, 35 Gatehouse Drive, Waltham, Massachusetts 02451, United States
| | - Deborah J C Ehrlich
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Julie Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Samantha L Kristufek
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Sung Jin Huh
- XTuit Pharmaceuticals, 35 Gatehouse Drive, Waltham, Massachusetts 02451, United States
| | - Allison M Neenan
- XTuit Pharmaceuticals, 35 Gatehouse Drive, Waltham, Massachusetts 02451, United States
| | - Joelle Baddour
- XTuit Pharmaceuticals, 35 Gatehouse Drive, Waltham, Massachusetts 02451, United States
| | | | - Elisa de Stanchina
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 417 E 68th St, New York, New York 10065, United States
| | - Gaurab Kc
- XTuit Pharmaceuticals, 35 Gatehouse Drive, Waltham, Massachusetts 02451, United States
| | - David J Turnquist
- XTuit Pharmaceuticals, 35 Gatehouse Drive, Waltham, Massachusetts 02451, United States
| | | | - Paul W Kopesky
- XTuit Pharmaceuticals, 35 Gatehouse Drive, Waltham, Massachusetts 02451, United States
| | - Samantha W Brady
- XTuit Pharmaceuticals, 35 Gatehouse Drive, Waltham, Massachusetts 02451, United States
| | - Michael J Jessel
- XTuit Pharmaceuticals, 35 Gatehouse Drive, Waltham, Massachusetts 02451, United States
| | - Lawrence A Reiter
- XTuit Pharmaceuticals, 35 Gatehouse Drive, Waltham, Massachusetts 02451, United States
| | - Donald E Chickering
- XTuit Pharmaceuticals, 35 Gatehouse Drive, Waltham, Massachusetts 02451, United States
| | - Jeremiah A Johnson
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Peter Blume-Jensen
- XTuit Pharmaceuticals, 35 Gatehouse Drive, Waltham, Massachusetts 02451, United States
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9
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Liver-targeted polymeric prodrugs of 8-aminoquinolines for malaria radical cure. J Control Release 2020; 331:213-227. [PMID: 33378692 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2020.12.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Revised: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Primaquine and tafenoquine are the two 8-aminoquinoline (8-AQ) antimalarial drugs approved for malarial radical cure - the elimination of liver stage hypnozoites after infection with Plasmodium vivax. A single oral dose of tafenoquine leads to high efficacy against intra-hepatocyte hypnozoites after efficient first pass liver uptake and metabolism. Unfortunately, both drugs cause hemolytic anemia in G6PD-deficient humans. This toxicity prevents their mass administration without G6PD testing given the approximately 400 million G6PD deficient people across malarial endemic regions of the world. We hypothesized that liver-targeted delivery of 8-AQ prodrugs could maximize liver exposure and minimize erythrocyte exposure to increase their therapeutic window. Primaquine and tafenoquine were first synthesized as prodrug vinyl monomers with self-immolative hydrolytic linkers or cathepsin-cleavable valine-citrulline peptide linkers. RAFT polymerization was exploited to copolymerize these prodrug monomers with hepatocyte-targeting GalNAc monomers. Pharmacokinetic studies of released drugs after intravenous administration showed that the liver-to-plasma AUC ratios could be significantly improved, compared to parent drug administered orally. Single doses of the liver-targeted, enzyme-cleavable tafenoquine polymer were found to be as efficacious as an equivalent dose of the oral parent drug in the P. berghei causal prophylaxis model. They also elicited significantly milder hemotoxicity in the humanized NOD/SCID mouse model engrafted with red blood cells from G6PD deficient donors. The clinical application is envisioned as a single subcutaneous administration, and the lead tafenoquine polymer also showed excellent bioavailability and liver-to-blood ratios exceeding the IV administered polymer. The liver-targeted tafenoquine polymers warrant further development as a single-dose therapeutic via the subcutaneous route with the potential for broader patient administration without a requirement for G6PD diagnosis.
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Ho DK, LeGuyader C, Srinivasan S, Roy D, Vlaskin V, Chavas TEJ, Lopez CL, Snyder JM, Postma A, Chiefari J, Stayton PS. Fully synthetic injectable depots with high drug content and tunable pharmacokinetics for long-acting drug delivery. J Control Release 2020; 329:257-269. [PMID: 33217474 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2020.11.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2020] [Revised: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Clinical studies have validated that antiretroviral (ARV) drugs can serve as an HIV pre-exposure prophylactic (PrEP) strategy. Dosing adherence remains a crucial factor determining the final efficacy outcomes, and both long-acting implants and injectable depot systems are being developed to improve patient adherence. Here, we describe an injectable depot platform that exploits a new mechanism for both formation and controlled release. The depot is a polymeric prodrug synthesized from monomers that incorporate an ARV drug tenofovir alafenamide (TAF) with degradable linkers that can be designed to control release rates. The prodrug monomers are synthetically incorporated into homopolymer or block designs that exhibit high drug weight percent (wt%) and also are hydrophobized in these prodrug segments to drive depot formation upon injection. Drug release converts those monomers to more hydrophilic pendant groups via linker cleavage, and as this drug release proceeds, the polymer chains losing hydrophobicity are then disassociated from the depot and released over time to provide a depot dissolution mechanism. We show that long-acting TAF depots can be designed as block copolymers or as homopolymers. They can also be designed with different linkers, for example with faster or slower degrading p-hydroxybenzyloxycarbonyl (Benzyl) and ethyloxycarbonyl (Alkyl) linkers, respectively. Diblock designs of p(glycerol monomethacrylate)-b-p(Alkyl-TAF-methacrylate) and p(glycerol monomethacrylate)-b-p(Benzyl-TAF-methacrylate) were first characterized in a mouse subcutaneous injection model. The alkylcarbamate linker design (TAF 51 wt%) showed excellent sustained release profiles of the key metabolite tenofovir (TFV) in skin and plasma over a 50-day period. Next, the homopolymer design with a high TAF drug wt% of 73% was characterized in the same model. The homopolymer depots with p(Alkyl-TAFMA) exhibited sustained TFV and TAF release profiles in skin and blood over 60 days, and TFV-DP concentrations in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) were found to be at least 10-fold higher than the clinically suggested minimally EC90 protective concentration of 24 fmol/106 cells. These are the first reports of sustained parent TAF dosing observed in mouse and TFV-DP in mouse PBMC. IVIS imaging of rhodamine labeled homopolymer depots showed that degradation and release of the depot coincided with the sustained TAF release. Finally, these polymers showed excellent stability in accelerated stability studies over a six-month time period, and exceptional solubility of over 700 mg/mL in the DMSO formulation solvent. The homopolymer designs have a drug reservoir potential of well over a year at mg/day dosing and may not require cold chain storage for global health and developed world long-acting drug delivery applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duy-Khiet Ho
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, United States
| | - Clare LeGuyader
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, United States
| | - Selvi Srinivasan
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, United States
| | - Debashish Roy
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, United States
| | - Vladimir Vlaskin
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, United States
| | - Thomas E J Chavas
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, United States
| | - Ciana L Lopez
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, United States
| | - Jessica M Snyder
- Department of Comparative Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, United States
| | - Almar Postma
- CSIRO Manufacturing, Bag 10, Clayton South MDC, Victoria 3169, Australia
| | - John Chiefari
- CSIRO Manufacturing, Bag 10, Clayton South MDC, Victoria 3169, Australia
| | - Patrick S Stayton
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, United States.
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11
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He M, Li J, Han H, Borges CA, Neiman G, Røise JJ, Hadaczek P, Mendonsa R, Holm VR, Wilson RC, Bankiewicz K, Zhang Y, Sadlowski CM, Healy K, Riley LW, Murthy N. A traceless linker for aliphatic amines that rapidly and quantitatively fragments after reduction. Chem Sci 2020; 11:8973-8980. [PMID: 34123152 PMCID: PMC8163433 DOI: 10.1039/d0sc00929f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Reduction sensitive linkers (RSLs) have the potential to transform the field of drug delivery due to their ease of use and selective cleavage in intracellular environments. However, despite their compelling attributes, developing reduction sensitive self-immolative linkers for aliphatic amines has been challenging due to their poor leaving group ability and high pKa values. Here a traceless self-immolative linker composed of a dithiol-ethyl carbonate connected to a benzyl carbamate (DEC) is presented, which can modify aliphatic amines and release them rapidly and quantitatively after disulfide reduction. DEC was able to reversibly modify the lysine residues on CRISPR–Cas9 with either PEG, the cell penetrating peptide Arg10, or donor DNA, and generated Cas9 conjugates with significantly improved biological properties. In particular, Cas9–DEC–PEG was able to diffuse through brain tissue significantly better than unmodified Cas9, making it a more suitable candidate for genome editing in animals. Furthermore, conjugation of Arg10 to Cas9 with DEC was able to generate a self-delivering Cas9 RNP that could edit cells without transfection reagents. Finally, conjugation of donor DNA to Cas9 with DEC increased the homology directed DNA repair (HDR) rate of the Cas9 RNP by 50% in HEK 293T cell line. We anticipate that DEC will have numerous applications in biotechnology, given the ubiquitous presence of aliphatic amines on small molecule and protein therapeutics. Reduction sensitive linkers (RSLs) have the potential to transform the field of drug delivery due to their ease of use and selective cleavage in intracellular environments.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Maomao He
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California Berkeley University Avenue Berkeley CA 94720 USA
| | - Jie Li
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California Berkeley University Avenue Berkeley CA 94720 USA
| | - Hesong Han
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California Berkeley University Avenue Berkeley CA 94720 USA
| | - Clarissa Araujo Borges
- Department of Public Health, University of California Berkeley University Avenue Berkeley CA 94720 USA
| | - Gabriel Neiman
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California Berkeley University Avenue Berkeley CA 94720 USA
| | - Joachim Justad Røise
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California Berkeley University Avenue Berkeley CA 94720 USA .,Department of Chemistry, University of California Berkeley University Avenue Berkeley CA 94720 USA
| | - Piotr Hadaczek
- Department of Neurological Surgery, The Ohio State University Columbus OH 43210 USA
| | - Rima Mendonsa
- Innovative Genomics Institute, University of California Berkeley CA 94704 USA
| | - Victoria R Holm
- Innovative Genomics Institute, University of California Berkeley CA 94704 USA
| | - Ross C Wilson
- Innovative Genomics Institute, University of California Berkeley CA 94704 USA
| | - Krystof Bankiewicz
- Department of Neurological Surgery, The Ohio State University Columbus OH 43210 USA
| | - Yumiao Zhang
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California Berkeley University Avenue Berkeley CA 94720 USA .,School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University 300350 China
| | - Corinne M Sadlowski
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California Berkeley University Avenue Berkeley CA 94720 USA
| | - Kevin Healy
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California Berkeley University Avenue Berkeley CA 94720 USA
| | - Lee W Riley
- Department of Public Health, University of California Berkeley University Avenue Berkeley CA 94720 USA
| | - Niren Murthy
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California Berkeley University Avenue Berkeley CA 94720 USA .,Innovative Genomics Institute, University of California Berkeley CA 94704 USA
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12
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Nguyen HVT, Detappe A, Harvey P, Gallagher N, Mathieu C, Agius MP, Zavidij O, Wang W, Jiang Y, Rajca A, Jasanoff A, Ghobrial IM, Ghoroghchian PP, Johnson JA. Pro-organic radical contrast agents ("pro-ORCAs") for real-time MRI of pro-drug activation in biological systems. Polym Chem 2020; 11:4768-4779. [PMID: 33790990 PMCID: PMC8009311 DOI: 10.1039/d0py00558d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Nitroxide-based organic-radical contrast agents (ORCAs) are promising as safe, next-generation magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) tools. Nevertheless, stimuli-responsive ORCAs that enable MRI monitoring of prodrug activation have not been reported; such systems could open new avenues for prodrug validation and image-guided drug delivery. Here, we introduce a novel "pro-ORCA" concept that addresses this challenge. By covalent conjugation of nitroxides and drug molecules (doxorubicin, DOX) to the same brush-arm star polymer (BASP) through chemically identical cleavable linkers, we demonstrate that pro-ORCA and prodrug activation, i.e., ORCA and DOX release, leads to significant changes in MRI contrast that correlate with cytotoxicity. This approach is shown to be general for a range of commonly used linker cleavage mechanisms (e.g., photolysis and hydrolysis) and release rates. Pro-ORCAs could find applications as research tools or clinically viable "reporter theranostics" for in vitro and in vivo MRI-correlated prodrug activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hung V.-T. Nguyen
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, MIT, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, 450 Brookline Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
- Harvard Medical School, 25 Shattuck Street, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
- These authors contributed equally
| | - Alexandre Detappe
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, MIT, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, 450 Brookline Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
- Harvard Medical School, 25 Shattuck Street, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
- Centre Paul Strauss, 3 Rue de la Porte de l’Hopital, 67000 Strasbourg, France
- These authors contributed equally
| | | | - Nolan Gallagher
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)
| | - Clelia Mathieu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, 450 Brookline Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
- Harvard Medical School, 25 Shattuck Street, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Michael P. Agius
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, 450 Brookline Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
- Harvard Medical School, 25 Shattuck Street, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Oksana Zavidij
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, 450 Brookline Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
- Harvard Medical School, 25 Shattuck Street, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Wencong Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)
| | - Yivan Jiang
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)
| | - Andrzej Rajca
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588, United States
| | - Alan Jasanoff
- Department of Biological Engineering, MIT
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, MIT
- Department of Nuclear Science and Engineering, MIT
| | - Irene M. Ghobrial
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, 450 Brookline Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
- Harvard Medical School, 25 Shattuck Street, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - P. Peter Ghoroghchian
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, MIT, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, 450 Brookline Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
- Harvard Medical School, 25 Shattuck Street, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Jeremiah A. Johnson
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, MIT, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
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13
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Prodrugs of PKC modulators show enhanced HIV latency reversal and an expanded therapeutic window. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:10688-10698. [PMID: 32371485 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1919408117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
AIDS is a pandemic disease caused by HIV that affects 37 million people worldwide. Current antiretroviral therapy slows disease progression but does not eliminate latently infected cells, which resupply active virus, thus necessitating lifelong treatment with associated compliance, cost, and chemoexposure issues. Latency-reversing agents (LRAs) activate these cells, allowing for their potential clearance, thus presenting a strategy to eradicate the infection. Protein kinase C (PKC) modulators-including prostratin, ingenol esters, bryostatin, and their analogs-are potent LRAs in various stages of development for several clinical indications. While LRAs are promising, a major challenge associated with their clinical use is sustaining therapeutically meaningful levels of the active agent while minimizing side effects. Here we describe a strategy to address this problem based on LRA prodrugs, designed for controllable release of the active LRA after a single injection. As intended, these prodrugs exhibit comparable or superior in vitro activity relative to the parent compounds. Selected compounds induced higher in vivo expression of CD69, an activation biomarker, and, by releasing free agent over time, significantly improved tolerability when compared to the parent LRAs. More generally, selected prodrugs of PKC modulators avoid the bolus toxicities of the parent drug and exhibit greater efficacy and expanded tolerability, thereby addressing a longstanding objective for many clinical applications.
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14
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Nguyen A, Ando H, Böttger R, DurgaRao Viswanadham KK, Rouhollahi E, Ishida T, Li SD. Utilization of click chemistry to study the effect of poly(ethylene)glycol molecular weight on the self-assembly of PEGylated gambogic acid nanoparticles for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. Biomater Sci 2020; 8:4626-4637. [DOI: 10.1039/d0bm00711k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Click chemistry was used to study the effect of varied PEG molecular weights on the self-assembly of PEG-gambogic acid (GA) conjugates into nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Nguyen
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- University of British Columbia
- Vancouver
- Canada
| | - Hidenori Ando
- Department of Pharmacokinetics and Biopharmaceutics
- Subdivision of Biopharmaceutical Sciences
- Institute of Health Biosciences
- The University of Tokushima
- Tokushima
| | - Roland Böttger
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- University of British Columbia
- Vancouver
- Canada
| | | | - Elham Rouhollahi
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- University of British Columbia
- Vancouver
- Canada
| | - Tatsuhiro Ishida
- Department of Pharmacokinetics and Biopharmaceutics
- Subdivision of Biopharmaceutical Sciences
- Institute of Health Biosciences
- The University of Tokushima
- Tokushima
| | - Shyh-Dar Li
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- University of British Columbia
- Vancouver
- Canada
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15
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Eden BD, Rice AJ, Lovett TD, Toner OM, Geissler EP, Bowman WE, Young SC. Microwave-assisted synthesis and in vitro stability of N-benzylamide non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug conjugates for CNS delivery. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2019; 29:1487-1491. [PMID: 30987893 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2019.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2018] [Revised: 03/27/2019] [Accepted: 04/08/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
More effective delivery of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) to the brain could treat the underlying inflammatory pathology of a range of CNS diseases and conditions. Use of a blood-brain barrier shuttle such as the N-benzylamide moiety, which has been largely unexplored for this purpose, could improve the brain bioavailabilities of NSAIDs. A series of novel N-benzylamide NSAID conjugates was synthesized via a three-step process with a microwave-assisted bimolecular nucleophilic substitution as the final step. We explored conditions to promote substitution over a competing elimination reaction, which was successfully suppressed with isopropyl alcohol solvent. All molecules exhibit physicochemical properties consistent with those of brain-penetrant molecules. Furthermore, they exhibit long (>48 h) half-lives in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS; pH 7.4) and short to moderate half-lives in human plasma. N-Benzylamide NSAID conjugates represent promising CNS drug discovery leads.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brandon D Eden
- Department of Chemistry, Muhlenberg College, 2400 Chew Street, Allentown, PA 18104, United States
| | - Andrew J Rice
- Department of Chemistry, Muhlenberg College, 2400 Chew Street, Allentown, PA 18104, United States
| | - Troy D Lovett
- Department of Chemistry, Muhlenberg College, 2400 Chew Street, Allentown, PA 18104, United States
| | - Olivia M Toner
- Department of Chemistry, Muhlenberg College, 2400 Chew Street, Allentown, PA 18104, United States
| | - Evan P Geissler
- Department of Chemistry, Muhlenberg College, 2400 Chew Street, Allentown, PA 18104, United States
| | - William E Bowman
- Department of Chemistry, Muhlenberg College, 2400 Chew Street, Allentown, PA 18104, United States
| | - Sherri C Young
- Department of Chemistry, Muhlenberg College, 2400 Chew Street, Allentown, PA 18104, United States.
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16
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Mathew JP, Greer A. Cyanine Modification Tuned for Amine Photorelease. Photochem Photobiol 2019; 95:1280-1282. [PMID: 30927440 DOI: 10.1111/php.13102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2019] [Accepted: 03/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Cyanines are emerging as useful agents for photoreleasing biological compounds because of their capability of utilizing near-infrared (NIR) light. Another benefit is their ability to self-sensitize to produce singlet oxygen for the release of aryl amines, a process that has not been as feasible in the past. Here, we highlight the paper by Schnermann et al. (https://doi.org/10.1111/php.13090), which reports on a cyanine conjugate for heterolytic photocleavage of aryl amines. This paper is timely-delving into a photorelease mechanism involving a domino rearrangement and β-elimination triggered by NIR light.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joel P Mathew
- Department of Chemistry, Brooklyn College of the City University of New York, Brooklyn, NY
| | - Alexander Greer
- Department of Chemistry, Brooklyn College of the City University of New York, Brooklyn, NY.,Ph.D. Program in Chemistry, The Graduate Center of the City University of New York, New York, NY
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17
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Mondal D, Ford J, Pinney KG. Improved Methodology for the Synthesis of a Cathepsin B Cleavable Dipeptide Linker, Widely Used in Antibody-Drug Conjugate Research. Tetrahedron Lett 2018; 59:3594-3599. [PMID: 31156276 PMCID: PMC6541422 DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2018.08.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) represent an emerging class of biopharmaceutical agents that deliver highly potent anticancer agents (payloads) selectively to tumors or components associated with the tumor microenvironment. The linker, responsible for the connection between the antibody and payload, is a crucial component of ADCs. In certain examples the linker is composed of a cleavable short peptide which imparts an additional aspect of selectivity. Especially prevalent is the cathepsin B cleavable Mc-Val-Cit-PABOH linker utilized in many pre-clinical ADC candidates, as well as the FDA approved ADC ADCETRIS® (brentuximab vedotin). An alternative route for the synthesis of the cathepsin B cleavable Mc-Val-Cit-PABOH linker is reported herein that involved six steps from l-Citrulline and proceeded with a 50% overall yield. In this modified route, the spacer (a para-aminobenzyl alcohol moiety) was incorporated via HATU coupling followed by dipeptide formation. Importantly, this route avoided undesirable epimerization and proceeded with improved overall yield. Utilizing this methodology, a drug-linker construct incorporating a potent small-molecule inhibitor of tubulin polymerization (referred to as KGP05), was synthesized as a representative example.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deboprosad Mondal
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Baylor University, One Bear Place # 97348, Waco, Texas 76798-7438, United States
| | - Jacob Ford
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Baylor University, One Bear Place # 97348, Waco, Texas 76798-7438, United States
| | - Kevin G. Pinney
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Baylor University, One Bear Place # 97348, Waco, Texas 76798-7438, United States
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18
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Herceg V, Adriouach S, Janikowska K, Allémann E, Lange N, Babič A. Design, synthesis and in vitro evaluation of β-glucuronidase-sensitive prodrug of 5-aminolevulinic acid for photodiagnosis of breast cancer cells. Bioorg Chem 2018; 78:372-380. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2018.03.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2018] [Revised: 03/14/2018] [Accepted: 03/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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19
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Turecek PL, Bossard MJ, Schoetens F, Ivens IA. PEGylation of Biopharmaceuticals: A Review of Chemistry and Nonclinical Safety Information of Approved Drugs. J Pharm Sci 2016; 105:460-475. [PMID: 26869412 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2015.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 444] [Impact Index Per Article: 55.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2015] [Revised: 10/01/2015] [Accepted: 10/30/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Modification of biopharmaceutical molecules by covalent conjugation of polyethylene glycol (PEG) molecules is known to enhance pharmacologic and pharmaceutical properties of proteins and other large molecules and has been used successfully in 12 approved drugs. Both linear and branched-chain PEG reagents with molecular sizes of up to 40 kDa have been used with a variety of different PEG derivatives with different linker chemistries. This review describes the properties of PEG itself, the history and evolution of PEGylation chemistry, and provides examples of PEGylated drugs with an established medical history. A trend toward the use of complex PEG architectures and larger PEG polymers, but with very pure and well-characterized PEG reagents is described. Nonclinical toxicology findings related to PEG in approved PEGylated biopharmaceuticals are summarized. The effect attributed to the PEG part of the molecules as observed in 5 of the 12 marketed products was cellular vacuolation seen microscopically mainly in phagocytic cells which is likely related to their biological function to absorb and remove particles and macromolecules from blood and tissues. Experience with marketed PEGylated products indicates that adverse effects in toxicology studies are usually related to the active part of the drug but not to the PEG moiety.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mary J Bossard
- Nektar Therapeutics, Department of Polymer Chemistry, Huntsville, Alabama 35801-5914
| | | | - Inge A Ivens
- Bayer, Toxicology, San Francisco, California 94158
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20
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Xu L, Packer LE, Qian MG, Wu JT. Rapid quantification of a cleavable antibody-conjugated drug by liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry with microwave-assisted enzymatic cleavage. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2016; 128:226-235. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2016.05.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2016] [Revised: 05/20/2016] [Accepted: 05/24/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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21
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Collins J, Kempe K, Wilson P, Blindauer CA, McIntosh MP, Davis TP, Whittaker MR, Haddleton DM. Stability Enhancing N-Terminal PEGylation of Oxytocin Exploiting Different Polymer Architectures and Conjugation Approaches. Biomacromolecules 2016; 17:2755-66. [PMID: 27419537 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.6b00919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Oxytocin, a cyclic nine amino acid neurohypophyseal hormone therapeutic, is effectively used in the control of postpartum hemorrhaging (PPH) and is on the WHO List of Essential Medicines. However, oxytocin has limited shelf life stability in aqueous solutions, particularly at temperatures in excess of 25 °C and injectable aqueous oxytocin formulations require refrigeration (<8 °C). This is particularly problematic in the hot climates often found in many developing countries where daytime temperatures can exceed 40 °C and where reliable cold-chain storage is not always achievable. The purpose of this study was to develop N-terminal amine targeted PEGylation strategies utilizing both linear PEG and polyPEG "comb" polymers as an effective method for stabilizing solution formulations of this peptide for prolonged storage in the absence of efficient cold-chain storage. The conjugation chemistries investigated herein include irreversible amine targeted conjugation methods utilizing NHS ester and aldehyde reductive amination chemistry. Additionally, one reversible conjugation method using a Schiff base approach was explored to allow for the release of the native peptide, thus, ensuring that biological activity remains unaffected. The reversibility of this approach was investigated for the different polymer architectures, alongside a nonpolymer oxytocin analogue to monitor how pH can tune native peptide release. Elevated temperature degradation studies of the polymer conjugates were evaluated to assess the stability of the PEGylated analogues in comparison to the native peptide in aqueous formulations to mimic storage conditions in developing nations and regions where storage under appropriate conditions is challenging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Collins
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick , CV4 7AL, Coventry, United Kingdom
| | - Kristian Kempe
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick , CV4 7AL, Coventry, United Kingdom.,ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University , Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Paul Wilson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick , CV4 7AL, Coventry, United Kingdom.,ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University , Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Claudia A Blindauer
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick , CV4 7AL, Coventry, United Kingdom
| | - Michelle P McIntosh
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University , Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Thomas P Davis
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University , Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Michael R Whittaker
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University , Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - David M Haddleton
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick , CV4 7AL, Coventry, United Kingdom.,ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University , Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
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22
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Steiger AK, Pardue S, Kevil CG, Pluth MD. Self-Immolative Thiocarbamates Provide Access to Triggered H2S Donors and Analyte Replacement Fluorescent Probes. J Am Chem Soc 2016; 138:7256-9. [PMID: 27218691 PMCID: PMC4911618 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.6b03780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 140] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
![]()
Hydrogen sulfide
(H2S) is an important biological signaling
molecule, and chemical tools for H2S delivery and detection
have emerged as important investigative methods. Key challenges in
these fields include developing donors that are triggered to release
H2S in response to stimuli and developing probes that do
not irreversibly consume H2S. Here we report a new strategy
for H2S donation based on self-immolation of benzyl thiocarbamates
to release carbonyl sulfide, which is rapidly converted to H2S by carbonic anhydrase. We leverage this chemistry to develop easily
modifiable donors that can be triggered to release H2S.
We also demonstrate that this approach can be coupled with common
H2S-sensing motifs to generate scaffolds which, upon reaction
with H2S, generate a fluorescence response and also release
caged H2S, thus addressing challenges of analyte homeostasis
in reaction-based probes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea K Steiger
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Materials Science Institute, Institute of Molecular Biology, University of Oregon , Eugene, Oregon 97403, United States
| | - Sibile Pardue
- Department of Pathology, Louisiana State University Health Science Center , Shreveport, Louisiana 71130, United States
| | - Christopher G Kevil
- Department of Pathology, Louisiana State University Health Science Center , Shreveport, Louisiana 71130, United States
| | - Michael D Pluth
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Materials Science Institute, Institute of Molecular Biology, University of Oregon , Eugene, Oregon 97403, United States
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23
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Narayanaswamy N, Narra S, Nair RR, Saini DK, Kondaiah P, Govindaraju T. Stimuli-responsive colorimetric and NIR fluorescence combination probe for selective reporting of cellular hydrogen peroxide. Chem Sci 2016; 7:2832-2841. [PMID: 30090277 PMCID: PMC6054040 DOI: 10.1039/c5sc03488d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2015] [Accepted: 01/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) is a key reactive oxygen species and a messenger in cellular signal transduction apart from playing a vital role in many biological processes in living organisms. In this article, we present phenyl boronic acid-functionalized quinone-cyanine (QCy-BA) in combination with AT-rich DNA (exogenous or endogenous cellular DNA), i.e., QCy-BA⊂DNA as a stimuli-responsive NIR fluorescence probe for measuring in vitro levels of H2O2. In response to cellular H2O2 stimulus, QCy-BA converts into QCy-DT, a one-donor-two-acceptor (D2A) system that exhibits switch-on NIR fluorescence upon binding to the DNA minor groove. Fluorescence studies on the combination probe QCy-BA⊂DNA showed strong NIR fluorescence selectively in the presence of H2O2. Furthermore, glucose oxidase (GOx) assay confirmed the high efficiency of the combination probe QCy-BA⊂DNA for probing H2O2 generated in situ through GOx-mediated glucose oxidation. Quantitative analysis through fluorescence plate reader, flow cytometry and live imaging approaches showed that QCy-BA is a promising probe to detect the normal as well as elevated levels of H2O2 produced by EGF/Nox pathways and post-genotoxic stress in both primary and senescent cells. Overall, QCy-BA, in combination with exogenous or cellular DNA, is a versatile probe to quantify and image H2O2 in normal and disease-associated cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nagarjun Narayanaswamy
- Bioorganic Chemistry Laboratory , New Chemistry Unit , Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research , Jakkur P.O. , Bengaluru 560064 , India .
| | - Sivakrishna Narra
- Department of Molecular Reproduction, Development and Genetics , Indian Institute of Science , Bengaluru 560012 , India
| | - Raji R Nair
- Department of Molecular Reproduction, Development and Genetics , Indian Institute of Science , Bengaluru 560012 , India
| | - Deepak Kumar Saini
- Department of Molecular Reproduction, Development and Genetics , Indian Institute of Science , Bengaluru 560012 , India
| | - Paturu Kondaiah
- Department of Molecular Reproduction, Development and Genetics , Indian Institute of Science , Bengaluru 560012 , India
| | - T Govindaraju
- Bioorganic Chemistry Laboratory , New Chemistry Unit , Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research , Jakkur P.O. , Bengaluru 560064 , India .
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24
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Halperin A, Shadkchan Y, Pisarevsky E, Szpilman AM, Sandovsky H, Osherov N, Benhar I. Novel Water-Soluble Amphotericin B-PEG Conjugates with Low Toxicity and Potent in Vivo Efficacy. J Med Chem 2016; 59:1197-206. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.5b01862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Evgeni Pisarevsky
- Schulich
Faculty of Chemistry, Israel Institute of Technology, 3200008 Technion-City, Haifa, Israel
| | - Alex M. Szpilman
- Schulich
Faculty of Chemistry, Israel Institute of Technology, 3200008 Technion-City, Haifa, Israel
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25
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Wang CE, Stayton PS, Pun SH, Convertine AJ. Polymer nanostructures synthesized by controlled living polymerization for tumor-targeted drug delivery. J Control Release 2015; 219:345-354. [PMID: 26342661 PMCID: PMC4656053 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2015.08.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2015] [Revised: 08/27/2015] [Accepted: 08/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The development of drug delivery systems based on well-defined polymer nanostructures could lead to significant improvements in the treatment of cancer. The design of these therapeutic nanosystems must account for numerous systemic and circulation obstacles as well as the specific pathophysiology of the tumor. Nanoparticle size and surface charge must also be carefully selected in order to maintain long circulation times, allow tumor penetration, and avoid clearance by the reticuloendothelial system (RES). Targeting ligands such as vitamins, peptides, and antibodies can improve the accumulation of nanoparticle-based therapies in tumor tissue but must be optimized to allow for intratumoral penetration. In this review, we will highlight factors influencing the design of nanoparticle therapies as well as the development of modern controlled "living" polymerization techniques (e.g. ATRP, RAFT, ROMP) that are leading to the creation of sophisticated new polymer architectures with discrete spatially-defined functional modules. These innovative materials (e.g. star polymers, polymer brushes, macrocyclic polymers, and hyperbranched polymers) combine many of the desirable properties of traditional nanoparticle therapies while substantially reducing or eliminating the need for complex formulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine E Wang
- Department of Bioengineering and Molecular Engineering and Sciences Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Patrick S Stayton
- Department of Bioengineering and Molecular Engineering and Sciences Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Suzie H Pun
- Department of Bioengineering and Molecular Engineering and Sciences Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA.
| | - Anthony J Convertine
- Department of Bioengineering and Molecular Engineering and Sciences Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA.
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26
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Gong Y, Leroux JC, Gauthier MA. Releasable Conjugation of Polymers to Proteins. Bioconjug Chem 2015; 26:1172-81. [DOI: 10.1021/bc500611k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuhui Gong
- Swiss
Federal Institute of Technology Zurich (ETHZ), Department of Chemistry
and Applied Biosciences, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg
1−5/10, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Jean-Christophe Leroux
- Swiss
Federal Institute of Technology Zurich (ETHZ), Department of Chemistry
and Applied Biosciences, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg
1−5/10, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Marc A. Gauthier
- Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique (INRS), EMT Research Centre, 1650 boul. Lionel-Boulet, Varennes, J3X 1S2, Canada
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27
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Gao A, Liao L, Johnson JA. Synthesis of Acid-Labile PEG and PEG-Doxorubicin-Conjugate Nanoparticles via Brush-First ROMP. ACS Macro Lett 2014; 3:854-857. [PMID: 25243099 PMCID: PMC4165536 DOI: 10.1021/mz5004097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2014] [Accepted: 08/08/2014] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
A panel of acid-labile bis-norbornene cross-linkers was synthesized and evaluated for the formation of acid-degradable brush-arm star polymers (BASPs) via the brush-first ring-opening metathesis polymerization (ROMP) method. An acetal-based cross-linker was identified that, when employed in conjunction with a poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) macromonomer, provided highly controlled BASP formation reactions. A combination of this new cross-linker with a novel doxorubicin (DOX)-branch-PEG macromonomer provided BASPs that simultaneously degrade and release cytotoxic DOX in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela
X. Gao
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Longyan Liao
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Jeremiah A. Johnson
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States
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28
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Cleavable carbamate linkers for controlled protein delivery from hydrogels. J Control Release 2014; 183:67-76. [PMID: 24680687 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2014.03.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2013] [Revised: 03/17/2014] [Accepted: 03/18/2014] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The reversible attachment of proteins to polymers is one potential strategy to control protein release from hydrogels. In this study, we report the reversible attachment of lysozyme to poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) by degradable carbamate linkers. Phenyl groups with different substituents were used to control the rate of carbamate hydrolysis and the resulting protein release. Sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis showed modification with 1-3 PEG chains per lysozyme molecule. Protein PEGylation and PEG chain elimination occurred without changes in secondary protein structure, as demonstrated by circular dichroism spectroscopy. The lytic activity of lysozyme was restored to 73.4±1.7%-92.5±1.2% during PEG chain elimination. Attached PEG chains were eliminated within 24h to 28days, depending on the used linker molecule. When formulated into hydrogels, a maximum of about 60% of the initial dose was released within 7days to 21days. Linker elimination occurs 'traceless', so that the protein is released in its native, unmodified form. Altogether, we believe that tethering proteins by degradable carbamate linkers is a promising strategy to control their release from hydrogels.
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29
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Karaman R. Prodrugs Design Based on Inter- and Intramolecular Chemical Processes. Chem Biol Drug Des 2013; 82:643-68. [DOI: 10.1111/cbdd.12224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2013] [Revised: 08/13/2013] [Accepted: 08/16/2013] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Rafik Karaman
- Bioorganic Chemistry Department; Faculty of Pharmacy; Al-Quds University; P.O. Box 20002 Jerusalem Palestine
- Department of Science; University of Basilicata; Via dell'Ateneo Lucano 10 85100 Potenza Italy
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30
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Zhang Q, Milliken P, Kulczynska A, Slawin AMZ, Gordon A, Kirkby NS, Webb DJ, Botting NP, Megson IL. Development and characterization of glutamyl-protected N-hydroxyguanidines as reno-active nitric oxide donor drugs with therapeutic potential in acute renal failure. J Med Chem 2013; 56:5321-34. [PMID: 23782349 DOI: 10.1021/jm400146r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Acute renal failure (ARF) has high mortality and no effective treatment. Nitric oxide (NO) delivery represents a credible means of preventing the damaging effects of vasoconstriction, central to ARF, but design of drugs with the necessary renoselectivity is challenging. Here, we developed N-hydroxyguanidine NO donor drugs that were protected against spontaneous NO release by linkage to glutamyl adducts that could be cleaved by γ-glutamyl transpeptidase (γ-GT), found predominantly in renal tissue. Parent NO donor drug activity was optimized in advance of glutamyl adduct prodrug design. A lead compound that was a suitable substrate for γ-GT-mediated deprotection was identified. Metabolism of this prodrug to the active parent compound was confirmed in rat kidney homogenates, and the prodrug was shown to be an active vasodilator in rat isolated perfused kidneys (EC50 ~50 μM). The data confirm that glutamate protection of N-hydroxyguanidines is an approach that might hold promise in ARF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingzhi Zhang
- EASTChem, School of Chemistry and Centre for Biomolecular Sciences, The University of St. Andrews , North Haugh, St. Andrews KY16 9ST, U.K
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31
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Gediya LK, Njar VC. Promise and challenges in drug discovery and development of hybrid anticancer drugs. Expert Opin Drug Discov 2013; 4:1099-111. [PMID: 23480431 DOI: 10.1517/17460440903341705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Because cancer is a complex disease, it is unlikely that a single mono functional 'targeted' drug will be effective for treating this most advanced disease. Combined drugs that impact multiple targets simultaneously are better at controlling complex disease systems, are less prone to drug resistance and are the standard of care in cancer treatment. In order to improve the efficiency of using a two-drug cocktail, one approach involves the use of the so-called hybrid drugs, which comprises the incorporation of two drugs in a single molecule with the intention of exerting dual drug action. OBJECTIVE In the present article, we discuss the design, synthesis and various applications of anticancer hybrid agents and the developments in this field during the last few decades. Additionally, we describe different types of linkers and their role in contributing towards biological effects and the in vivo mechanism of drug release. We also depict some challenges from scientific and regulatory perspectives in the hybrid drug development process. CONCLUSION In the era of increasing drug resistance in cancer patients, the discovery of hybrid drugs could provide an effective strategy to create chemical entities likely to be more efficacious and less prone to resistance. However, some technical and regulatory challenges will have to be surmounted before hybrid drugs succeed in the clinical settings and justify the considerable promise of this novel concept.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lalji K Gediya
- Research Instructor, Thomas Jefferson University, Jefferson School of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 130 South 9th Street, Edison Building, Suite 1510 F, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
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32
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Tian X, Baek KH, Shin I. Dual-targeting delivery system for selective cancer cell death and imaging. Chem Sci 2013. [DOI: 10.1039/c2sc21777e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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33
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Zelzer M, Todd SJ, Hirst AR, McDonald TO, Ulijn RV. Enzyme responsive materials: design strategies and future developments. Biomater Sci 2012; 1:11-39. [PMID: 32481995 DOI: 10.1039/c2bm00041e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 227] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Enzyme responsive materials (ERMs) are a class of stimuli responsive materials with broad application potential in biological settings. This review highlights current and potential future design strategies for ERMs and provides an overview of the present state of the art in the area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mischa Zelzer
- WestCHEM, Thomas Graham Building, 295 Cathedral Street, Glasgow, G1 1XL, U.K..
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34
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Low SA, Kopeček J. Targeting polymer therapeutics to bone. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2012; 64:1189-204. [PMID: 22316530 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2012.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2011] [Revised: 01/16/2012] [Accepted: 01/18/2012] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
An aging population in the developing world has led to an increase in musculoskeletal diseases such as osteoporosis and bone metastases. Left untreated many bone diseases cause debilitating pain and in the case of cancer, death. Many potential drugs are effective in treating diseases but result in side effects preventing their efficacy in the clinic. Bone, however, provides a unique environment of inorganic solids, which can be exploited in order to effectively target drugs to diseased tissue. By integration of bone targeting moieties to drug-carrying water-soluble polymers, the payload to diseased area can be increased while side effects decreased. The realization of clinically relevant bone targeted polymer therapeutics depends on (1) understanding bone targeting moiety interactions, (2) development of controlled drug delivery systems, as well as (3) understanding drug interactions. The latter makes it possible to develop bone targeted synergistic drug delivery systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stewart A Low
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
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35
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Amplified release through the stimulus triggered degradation of self-immolative oligomers, dendrimers, and linear polymers. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2012; 64:1031-45. [PMID: 21996055 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2011.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2011] [Revised: 08/18/2011] [Accepted: 09/01/2011] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, numerous delivery systems based on polymers, dendrimers, and nano-scale assemblies have been developed to improve the properties of drug molecules. In general, for the drug molecules to be active, they must be released from these delivery systems, ideally in a selective manner at the therapeutic target. As the changes in physiological conditions are relatively subtle from one tissue to another and the concentrations of specific enzymes are often quite low, a release strategy involving the amplification of a biological signal is particularly attractive. This article describes the development of oligomers, dendrimers, and linear polymers based on self-immolative spacers. This new class of molecules is designed to undergo a cascade of intramolecular reactions in response to the cleavage of a trigger moiety, resulting in molecular fragmentation and the release of multiple reporter or drug molecules. Progress in the development of these materials as drug delivery vehicles and sensors will be highlighted.
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36
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Dong Y, Zhu Y, Li J, Zhou QH, Wu C, Oupický D. Synthesis of bisethylnorspermine lipid prodrug as gene delivery vector targeting polyamine metabolism in breast cancer. Mol Pharm 2012; 9:1654-64. [PMID: 22545813 DOI: 10.1021/mp300001m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Progress in the development of nonviral gene delivery vectors continues to be hampered by low transfection activity and toxicity. Here we proposed to develop a lipid prodrug based on a polyamine analogue bisethylnorspermine (BSP) that can function dually as gene delivery vector and, after intracellular degradation, as active anticancer agent targeting dysregulated polyamine metabolism. We synthesized a prodrug of BSP (LS-BSP) capable of intracellular release of BSP using thiolytically sensitive dithiobenzyl carbamate linker. Biodegradability of LS-BSP contributed to decreased toxicity compared with nondegradable control L-BSP. BSP showed a strong synergistic enhancement of cytotoxic activity of TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) in human breast cancer cells. Decreased enhancement of TRAIL activity was observed for LS-BSP when compared with BSP. LS-BSP formed complexes with plasmid DNA and mediated transfection activity comparable to DOTAP and L-BSP. Our results show that BSP-based vectors are promising candidates for combination drug/gene delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanmei Dong
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48202, United States
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37
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Kevwitch RM, Shanahan CS, McGrath DV. Vanillin and o-vanillin oligomers as models for dendrimer disassembly. NEW J CHEM 2012. [DOI: 10.1039/c1nj20841a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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38
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Dash R, Ragauskas AJ. Synthesis of a novel cellulose nanowhisker-based drug delivery system. RSC Adv 2012. [DOI: 10.1039/c2ra01071b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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39
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Vacondio F, Silva C, Mor M, Testa B. Qualitative structure-metabolism relationships in the hydrolysis of carbamates. Drug Metab Rev 2011; 42:551-89. [PMID: 20441444 DOI: 10.3109/03602531003745960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
The aims of this review were 1) to compile a large number of reliable literature data on the metabolic hydrolysis of medicinal carbamates and 2) to extract from such data a qualitative relation between molecular structure and lability to metabolic hydrolysis. The compounds were classified according to the nature of their substituents (R³OCONR¹R²), and a metabolic lability score was calculated for each class. A trend emerged, such that the metabolic lability of carbamates decreased (i.e., their metabolic stability increased), in the following series: Aryl-OCO-NHAlkyl >> Alkyl-OCO-NHAlkyl ~ Alkyl-OCO-N(Alkyl)₂ ≥ Alkyl-OCO-N(endocyclic) ≥ Aryl-OCO-N(Alkyl)₂ ~ Aryl-OCO-N(endocyclic) ≥ Alkyl-OCO-NHAryl ~ Alkyl-OCO-NHAcyl >> Alkyl-OCO-NH₂ > Cyclic carbamates. This trend should prove useful in the design of carbamates as drugs or prodrugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Vacondio
- Dipartimento Farmaceutico, Università degli Studi di Parma, Parma, Italy.
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40
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Niculescu-Duvaz D, Negoita-Giras G, Niculescu-Duvaz I, Hedley D, Springer CJ. Directed Enzyme Prodrug Therapies. PRODRUGS AND TARGETED DELIVERY 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/9783527633166.ch12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
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41
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Bildstein L, Dubernet C, Couvreur P. Prodrug-based intracellular delivery of anticancer agents. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2011; 63:3-23. [PMID: 21237228 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2010.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 216] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2010] [Revised: 12/15/2010] [Accepted: 12/21/2010] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
There are numerous anticancer agents based on a prodrug approach. However, no attempt has been made to review the ample available literature with a specific focus on the altered cell uptake pathways enabled by the conjugation and on the intracellular drug-release mechanisms. This article focuses on the cellular interactions of a broad selection of parenterally administered anticancer prodrugs based on synthetic polymers, proteins or lipids. The report also aims to highlight the prodrug design issues, which are key points to obtain an efficient intracellular drug delivery. The chemical basis of these molecular concepts is put into perspective with the uptake and intracellular activation mechanisms, the in vitro and in vivo proofs of concepts and the clinical results. Several active targeting strategies and stimuli-responsive architectures are discussed throughout the article.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Bildstein
- UMR CNRS 8612, IFR 141-ITFM, Faculté de Pharmacie, University Paris-Sud, Châtenay-Malabry 92296, France
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42
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Blencowe CA, Russell AT, Greco F, Hayes W, Thornthwaite DW. Self-immolative linkers in polymeric delivery systems. Polym Chem 2011. [DOI: 10.1039/c0py00324g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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43
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Magnusson JP, Saeed AO, Fernández-Trillo F, Alexander C. Synthetic polymers for biopharmaceutical delivery. Polym Chem 2011. [DOI: 10.1039/c0py00210k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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44
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Müller IA, Kratz F, Jung M, Warnecke A. Schiff bases derived from p-aminobenzyl alcohol as trigger groups for pH-dependent prodrug activation. Tetrahedron Lett 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2010.06.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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45
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Volmer AA, Szpilman AM, Carreira EM. Synthesis and biological evaluation of amphotericin B derivatives. Nat Prod Rep 2010; 27:1329-49. [DOI: 10.1039/b820743g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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46
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Zhao YJ, Wei W, Su ZG, Ma GH. Poly (ethylene glycol) prodrug for anthracyclines via N-Mannich base linker: Design, synthesis and biological evaluation. Int J Pharm 2009; 379:90-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2009.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2009] [Revised: 05/31/2009] [Accepted: 06/11/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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47
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Pla D, Francesch A, Calvo P, Cuevas C, Aligué R, Albericio F, Álvarez M. Lamellarin D Bioconjugates I: Synthesis and Cellular Internalization of PEG-Derivatives. Bioconjug Chem 2009; 20:1100-11. [DOI: 10.1021/bc800503k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Pla
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Barcelona Science Park-University of Barcelona, and CIBER-BBN Networking Centre on Bioengineering, Biomaterials, and Nanomedicine, Baldiri Reixac 10, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain, Pharma Mar S. A., Avda de los Reyes 1, E-28770 Colmenar Viejo, Madrid, Spain, and Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Casanova 143, E-08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Andrés Francesch
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Barcelona Science Park-University of Barcelona, and CIBER-BBN Networking Centre on Bioengineering, Biomaterials, and Nanomedicine, Baldiri Reixac 10, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain, Pharma Mar S. A., Avda de los Reyes 1, E-28770 Colmenar Viejo, Madrid, Spain, and Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Casanova 143, E-08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Pilar Calvo
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Barcelona Science Park-University of Barcelona, and CIBER-BBN Networking Centre on Bioengineering, Biomaterials, and Nanomedicine, Baldiri Reixac 10, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain, Pharma Mar S. A., Avda de los Reyes 1, E-28770 Colmenar Viejo, Madrid, Spain, and Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Casanova 143, E-08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carmen Cuevas
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Barcelona Science Park-University of Barcelona, and CIBER-BBN Networking Centre on Bioengineering, Biomaterials, and Nanomedicine, Baldiri Reixac 10, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain, Pharma Mar S. A., Avda de los Reyes 1, E-28770 Colmenar Viejo, Madrid, Spain, and Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Casanova 143, E-08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rosa Aligué
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Barcelona Science Park-University of Barcelona, and CIBER-BBN Networking Centre on Bioengineering, Biomaterials, and Nanomedicine, Baldiri Reixac 10, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain, Pharma Mar S. A., Avda de los Reyes 1, E-28770 Colmenar Viejo, Madrid, Spain, and Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Casanova 143, E-08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Fernando Albericio
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Barcelona Science Park-University of Barcelona, and CIBER-BBN Networking Centre on Bioengineering, Biomaterials, and Nanomedicine, Baldiri Reixac 10, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain, Pharma Mar S. A., Avda de los Reyes 1, E-28770 Colmenar Viejo, Madrid, Spain, and Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Casanova 143, E-08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mercedes Álvarez
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Barcelona Science Park-University of Barcelona, and CIBER-BBN Networking Centre on Bioengineering, Biomaterials, and Nanomedicine, Baldiri Reixac 10, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain, Pharma Mar S. A., Avda de los Reyes 1, E-28770 Colmenar Viejo, Madrid, Spain, and Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Casanova 143, E-08036 Barcelona, Spain
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48
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Pla D, Martí M, Farrera-Sinfreu J, Pulido D, Francesch A, Calvo P, Cuevas C, Royo M, Aligué R, Albericio F, Álvarez M. Lamellarin D Bioconjugates II: Synthesis and Cellular Internalization of Dendrimer and Nuclear Location Signal Derivatives. Bioconjug Chem 2009; 20:1112-21. [DOI: 10.1021/bc800504t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Pla
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Barcelona Science Park-University of Barcelona, Baldiri Reixac 10, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain, CIBER-BBN Networking Centre on Bioengineering, Biomaterials, and Nanomedicine, Combinatorial Chemistry Unit - Barcelona Science Park (UQC-PCB), Pharma Mar S. A., Avda de los Reyes 1, E-28770 Colmenar Viejo, Madrid, Spain, and Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Casanova 143, E-08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marc Martí
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Barcelona Science Park-University of Barcelona, Baldiri Reixac 10, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain, CIBER-BBN Networking Centre on Bioengineering, Biomaterials, and Nanomedicine, Combinatorial Chemistry Unit - Barcelona Science Park (UQC-PCB), Pharma Mar S. A., Avda de los Reyes 1, E-28770 Colmenar Viejo, Madrid, Spain, and Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Casanova 143, E-08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Josep Farrera-Sinfreu
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Barcelona Science Park-University of Barcelona, Baldiri Reixac 10, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain, CIBER-BBN Networking Centre on Bioengineering, Biomaterials, and Nanomedicine, Combinatorial Chemistry Unit - Barcelona Science Park (UQC-PCB), Pharma Mar S. A., Avda de los Reyes 1, E-28770 Colmenar Viejo, Madrid, Spain, and Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Casanova 143, E-08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Daniel Pulido
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Barcelona Science Park-University of Barcelona, Baldiri Reixac 10, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain, CIBER-BBN Networking Centre on Bioengineering, Biomaterials, and Nanomedicine, Combinatorial Chemistry Unit - Barcelona Science Park (UQC-PCB), Pharma Mar S. A., Avda de los Reyes 1, E-28770 Colmenar Viejo, Madrid, Spain, and Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Casanova 143, E-08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Andrés Francesch
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Barcelona Science Park-University of Barcelona, Baldiri Reixac 10, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain, CIBER-BBN Networking Centre on Bioengineering, Biomaterials, and Nanomedicine, Combinatorial Chemistry Unit - Barcelona Science Park (UQC-PCB), Pharma Mar S. A., Avda de los Reyes 1, E-28770 Colmenar Viejo, Madrid, Spain, and Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Casanova 143, E-08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Pilar Calvo
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Barcelona Science Park-University of Barcelona, Baldiri Reixac 10, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain, CIBER-BBN Networking Centre on Bioengineering, Biomaterials, and Nanomedicine, Combinatorial Chemistry Unit - Barcelona Science Park (UQC-PCB), Pharma Mar S. A., Avda de los Reyes 1, E-28770 Colmenar Viejo, Madrid, Spain, and Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Casanova 143, E-08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carmen Cuevas
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Barcelona Science Park-University of Barcelona, Baldiri Reixac 10, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain, CIBER-BBN Networking Centre on Bioengineering, Biomaterials, and Nanomedicine, Combinatorial Chemistry Unit - Barcelona Science Park (UQC-PCB), Pharma Mar S. A., Avda de los Reyes 1, E-28770 Colmenar Viejo, Madrid, Spain, and Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Casanova 143, E-08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Miriam Royo
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Barcelona Science Park-University of Barcelona, Baldiri Reixac 10, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain, CIBER-BBN Networking Centre on Bioengineering, Biomaterials, and Nanomedicine, Combinatorial Chemistry Unit - Barcelona Science Park (UQC-PCB), Pharma Mar S. A., Avda de los Reyes 1, E-28770 Colmenar Viejo, Madrid, Spain, and Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Casanova 143, E-08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rosa Aligué
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Barcelona Science Park-University of Barcelona, Baldiri Reixac 10, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain, CIBER-BBN Networking Centre on Bioengineering, Biomaterials, and Nanomedicine, Combinatorial Chemistry Unit - Barcelona Science Park (UQC-PCB), Pharma Mar S. A., Avda de los Reyes 1, E-28770 Colmenar Viejo, Madrid, Spain, and Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Casanova 143, E-08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Fernando Albericio
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Barcelona Science Park-University of Barcelona, Baldiri Reixac 10, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain, CIBER-BBN Networking Centre on Bioengineering, Biomaterials, and Nanomedicine, Combinatorial Chemistry Unit - Barcelona Science Park (UQC-PCB), Pharma Mar S. A., Avda de los Reyes 1, E-28770 Colmenar Viejo, Madrid, Spain, and Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Casanova 143, E-08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mercedes Álvarez
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Barcelona Science Park-University of Barcelona, Baldiri Reixac 10, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain, CIBER-BBN Networking Centre on Bioengineering, Biomaterials, and Nanomedicine, Combinatorial Chemistry Unit - Barcelona Science Park (UQC-PCB), Pharma Mar S. A., Avda de los Reyes 1, E-28770 Colmenar Viejo, Madrid, Spain, and Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Casanova 143, E-08036 Barcelona, Spain
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El Alaoui A, Schmidt F, Sarr M, Decaudin D, Florent JC, Johannes L. Synthesis and properties of a mitochondrial peripheral benzodiazepine receptor conjugate. ChemMedChem 2009; 3:1687-95. [PMID: 18846592 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.200800249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Peripheral benzodiazepine receptors are potential targets for cancer therapeutics through the use of specific ligands such as the pro-apoptotic benzodiazepine RO5-4864. However, the poor water solubility of this compound has been a limitation to its application in vivo. Herein we describe an efficient synthesis for the conjugation, via a cleavable linker arm, of RO5-4864 to a novel tumour-delivery tool, the B-subunit of Shiga toxin (STxB). The conjugate is water soluble and specifically targets cancer cells that overexpress the glycolipid Gb3, the cellular Shiga toxin receptor that is found on several human tumours. After internalisation via retrograde transport, the prodrug is cleaved inside cells to release the active principle. Delivery by STxB therefore increases the cytotoxic activity of RO5-4864 and its tumour specificity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdessamad El Alaoui
- Institut Curie, Centre de Recherche, Conception, Synthèse et Vectorisation de Biomolécules, 26 rue d'Ulm, 75248 Paris, France
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50
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Alajarin M, Marin-Luna M, Ortin MM, Sanchez-Andrada P, Vidal A. Benzylic Newman–Kwart rearrangement of O-azidobenzyl thiocarbamates triggered by phosphines: pseudopericyclic [1,3] shifts via uncoupled concerted mechanisms. Tetrahedron 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2009.01.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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