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Xu Y, Stanko AM, Cerione CS, Lohrey TD, McLeod E, Stoltz BM, Su J. Low Part-Per-Trillion, Humidity Resistant Detection of Nitric Oxide Using Microtoroid Optical Resonators. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:5120-5128. [PMID: 38240231 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c16012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
The nitric oxide radical plays pivotal roles in physiological as well as atmospheric contexts. Although the detection of dissolved nitric oxide in vivo has been widely explored, highly sensitive (i.e., low part-per-trillion level), selective, and humidity-resistant detection of gaseous nitric oxide in air remains challenging. In the field, humidity can have dramatic effects on the accuracy and selectivity of gas sensors, confounding data, and leading to overestimation of gas concentration. Highly selective and humidity-resistant gaseous NO sensors based on laser-induced graphene were recently reported, displaying a limit of detection (LOD) of 8.3 ppb. Although highly sensitive (LOD = 590 ppq) single-wall carbon nanotube NO sensors have been reported, these sensors lack selectivity and humidity resistance. In this report, we disclose a highly sensitive (LOD = 2.34 ppt), selective, and humidity-resistant nitric oxide sensor based on a whispering-gallery mode microtoroid optical resonator. Excellent analyte selectivity was enabled via novel ferrocene-containing polymeric coatings synthesized via reversible addition-fragmentation chain-transfer polymerization. Utilizing a frequency locked optical whispering evanescent resonator system, the microtoroid's real-time resonance frequency shift response to nitric oxide was tracked with subfemtometer resolution. The lowest concentration experimentally detected was 6.4 ppt, which is the lowest reported to date. Additionally, the performance of the sensor remained consistent across different humidity environments. Lastly, the impact of the chemical composition and molecular weight of the novel ferrocene-containing polymeric coatings on sensing performance was evaluated. We anticipate that our results will have impact on a wide variety of fields where NO sensing is important such as medical diagnostics through exhaled breath, determination of planetary habitability, climate change, air quality monitoring, and treating cardiovascular and neurological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinchao Xu
- Wyant College of Optical Sciences, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
| | - Allison M Stanko
- The Warren and Catherine Schlinger Laboratory for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Chloe S Cerione
- The Warren and Catherine Schlinger Laboratory for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Trevor D Lohrey
- The Warren and Catherine Schlinger Laboratory for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Euan McLeod
- Wyant College of Optical Sciences, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
| | - Brian M Stoltz
- The Warren and Catherine Schlinger Laboratory for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Judith Su
- Wyant College of Optical Sciences, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
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2
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Tang Y, Liu Y, Zhang D, Zheng J. Perspectives on Theoretical Models and Molecular Simulations of Polymer Brushes. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2024; 40:1487-1502. [PMID: 38153400 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.3c03253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2023]
Abstract
Polymer brushes have witnessed extensive utilization and progress, driven by their distinct attributes in surface modification, tethered group functionality, and tailored interactions at the nanoscale, enabling them for various scientific and industrial applications of coatings, sensors, switchable/responsive materials, nanolithography, and lab-on-a-chips. Despite the wealth of experimental investigations into polymer brushes, this review primarily focuses on computational studies of antifouling polymer brushes with a strong emphasis on achieving a molecular-level understanding and structurally designing antifouling polymer brushes. Computational exploration covers three realms of thermotical models, molecular simulations, and machine-learning approaches to elucidate the intricate relationship between composition, structure, and properties concerning polymer brushes in the context of nanotribology, surface hydration, and packing conformation. Upon acknowledging the challenges currently faced, we extend our perspectives toward future research directions by delineating potential avenues and unexplored territories. Our overarching objective is to advance our foundational comprehension and practical utilization of polymer brushes for antifouling applications, leveraging the synergy between computational methods and materials design to drive innovation in this crucial field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yijing Tang
- Department of Chemical, Biomolecular, and Corrosion Engineering, The University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44325, United States
| | - Yonglan Liu
- Department of Chemical, Biomolecular, and Corrosion Engineering, The University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44325, United States
| | - Dong Zhang
- The Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering at Georgia Tech and Emory University, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Jie Zheng
- Department of Chemical, Biomolecular, and Corrosion Engineering, The University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44325, United States
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3
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Zorn E, Knaack JIH, Burmeister N, Scharnagl N, Rohnke M, Wicha SG, Maison W. Contact-Biocide TiO 2 Surfaces by Surface-Initiated Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization with Chemically Stable Phosphonate Initiators. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2023. [PMID: 37490748 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.3c01366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/27/2023]
Abstract
Surface-initiated atom transfer radical polymerization (SI-ATRP) is a powerful tool for grafting functional polymers from metal surfaces. It depends on the immobilization of suitable initiators on the surface before radical polymerization. Herein, we report a set of bifunctional initiators bearing a phosphonic acid group for surface binding and a bromoisobutyramide moiety for SI-ATRP. We have analyzed the impact of the connecting alkyl spacers on the grafting process of (vinylbenzyl)trimethylammonium chloride (VBTAC) from titanium as a base material. The thickness of the grafted polymer increased with the spacer length of the initiator. We obtained chemically stable polycationic surfaces with high charge densities of ∼1016 N+/cm2 leading to efficient contact activity of modified titanium coupons against S. aureus. Notably, SI-ATRP grafting was efficient with VBTAC as a styrene-derived ammonium compound. Thus, the reported protocol avoids post-grafting quaternization with toxic alkylating reagents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eilika Zorn
- Department of Chemistry, University of Hamburg, Bundesstraße 45, 20146 Hamburg, Germany
| | - J Iven H Knaack
- Department of Chemistry, University of Hamburg, Bundesstraße 45, 20146 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Nils Burmeister
- Department of Chemistry, University of Hamburg, Bundesstraße 45, 20146 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Nico Scharnagl
- Institute of Surface Science, Helmholtz-Zentrum Hereon GmbH, Max-Planck-Strasse 1, 21502 Geesthacht, Germany
| | - Marcus Rohnke
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Justus-Liebig-Universität Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 17, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Sebastian G Wicha
- Department of Chemistry, University of Hamburg, Bundesstraße 45, 20146 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Maison
- Department of Chemistry, University of Hamburg, Bundesstraße 45, 20146 Hamburg, Germany
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4
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Baldaguez Medina P, Ardila Contreras V, Hartmann F, Schmitt D, Klimek A, Elbert J, Gallei M, Su X. Investigating the Electrochemically Driven Capture and Release of Long-Chain PFAS by Redox Metallopolymer Sorbents. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:22112-22122. [PMID: 37114898 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c01670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
The remediation of perfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) is an urgent challenge due to their prevalence and persistence in the environment. Electrosorption is a promising approach for wastewater treatment and water purification, especially through the use of redox polymers to control the binding and release of target contaminants without additional external chemical inputs. However, the design of efficient redox electrosorbents for PFAS faces the significant challenge of balancing a high adsorption capacity while maintaining significant electrochemical regeneration. To overcome this challenge, we investigate redox-active metallopolymers as a versatile synthetic platform to enhance both electrochemical reversibility and electrosorption uptake capacity for PFAS removal. We selected and synthesized a series of metallopolymers bearing ferrocene and cobaltocenium units spanning a range of redox potentials to evaluate their performance for the capture and release of perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA). Our results demonstrate that PFOA uptake and regeneration efficiency increased with more negative formal potential of the redox polymers, indicating possible structural correlations with the electron density of the metallocenes. Poly(2-(methacryloyloxy)ethyl cobaltoceniumcarboxylate hexafluorophosphate) (PMAECoPF6) showed the highest affinity toward PFOA, with an uptake capacity of more than 90 mg PFOA/g adsorbent at 0.0 V vs Ag/AgCl and a regeneration efficiency of more than 85% at -0.4 V vs Ag/AgCl. Kinetics of PFOA release showed that electrochemical bias greatly enhanced the regeneration efficiency when compared to open-circuit desorption. In addition, electrosorption of PFAS from different wastewater matrices and a range of salt concentrations demonstrated the capability of PFAS remediation in complex water sources, even at ppb levels of contaminants. Our work showcases the synthetic tunability of redox metallopolymers for enhanced electrosorption capacity and regeneration of PFAS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Baldaguez Medina
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Valentina Ardila Contreras
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Frank Hartmann
- Chair in Polymer Chemistry, Saarland University, Campus C4 2, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Deborah Schmitt
- Chair in Polymer Chemistry, Saarland University, Campus C4 2, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Angelique Klimek
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Johannes Elbert
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Markus Gallei
- Chair in Polymer Chemistry, Saarland University, Campus C4 2, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
- Saarene, Saarland Center for Energy Materials and Sustainability, Campus C4 2, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Xiao Su
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
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5
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Dworakowska S, Lorandi F, Gorczyński A, Matyjaszewski K. Toward Green Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization: Current Status and Future Challenges. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2022; 9:e2106076. [PMID: 35175001 PMCID: PMC9259732 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202106076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Reversible-deactivation radical polymerizations (RDRPs) have revolutionized synthetic polymer chemistry. Nowadays, RDRPs facilitate design and preparation of materials with controlled architecture, composition, and functionality. Atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) has evolved beyond traditional polymer field, enabling synthesis of organic-inorganic hybrids, bioconjugates, advanced polymers for electronics, energy, and environmentally relevant polymeric materials for broad applications in various fields. This review focuses on the relation between ATRP technology and the 12 principles of green chemistry, which are paramount guidelines in sustainable research and implementation. The green features of ATRP are presented, discussing the environmental and/or health issues and the challenges that remain to be overcome. Key discoveries and recent developments in green ATRP are highlighted, while providing a perspective for future opportunities in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylwia Dworakowska
- Department of ChemistryCarnegie Mellon University4400 Fifth AvenuePittsburghPA15213USA
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering and TechnologyCracow University of TechnologyWarszawska 24Cracow31‐155Poland
| | - Francesca Lorandi
- Department of ChemistryCarnegie Mellon University4400 Fifth AvenuePittsburghPA15213USA
- Department of Industrial EngineeringUniversity of Padovavia Marzolo 9Padova35131Italy
| | - Adam Gorczyński
- Department of ChemistryCarnegie Mellon University4400 Fifth AvenuePittsburghPA15213USA
- Faculty of ChemistryAdam Mickiewicz UniversityUniwersytetu Poznańskiego 8Poznań61‐614Poland
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6
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Gubarev AS, Lezov AA, Mikusheva NG, Perevyazko I, Senchukova AS, Lezova AA, Podsevalnikova AN, Rogozhin VB, Enke M, Winter A, Schubert US, Tsvetkov NV. Hydrodynamic Characteristics and Conformational Parameters of Ferrocene-Terpyridine-Based Polymers. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14091776. [PMID: 35566943 PMCID: PMC9104623 DOI: 10.3390/polym14091776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Revised: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Nowadays, the study of metallopolymers is one of the fastest growing areas of polymer science. Metallopolymers have great potential for application in multiple technological and various biomedical processes. The macromolecules with the possibility of varying the number and type of metal ions along the entire length of the polymer chain are of particular interest. In this regard, this study presents results on two successfully synthesized homopolymers, random and block copolymers based on PMMA, containing ferrocene and terpyridine moieties in the side chain. Different architectures of copolymers may attribute interesting properties when creating complexes with various metal ions. A detailed hydrodynamic study of these structures was carried out, the consistency of hydrodynamic data was established using the concept of a hydrodynamic invariant, the absolute values of the molar masses of the studied objects were calculated, and the conformational parameters of macromolecules were determined. Using the Fixman-Stockmayer theory, the equilibrium rigidities of the studied systems were calculated and the relationship between the chemical structure and conformational characteristics was established. The studied copolymers can be attributed to the class of flexible-chain macromolecules. An increase in the equilibrium rigidity value with an increase of the side chain, which is characteristic of comb-shaped polymers, was determined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander S. Gubarev
- Department of Molecular Biophysics and Polymer Physics, St. Petersburg University, Universitetskaya Nab. 7/9, 199034 Saint-Petersburg, Russia; (A.S.G.); (A.A.L.); (N.G.M.); (I.P.); (A.S.S.); (A.A.L.); (A.N.P.); (V.B.R.)
| | - Alexey A. Lezov
- Department of Molecular Biophysics and Polymer Physics, St. Petersburg University, Universitetskaya Nab. 7/9, 199034 Saint-Petersburg, Russia; (A.S.G.); (A.A.L.); (N.G.M.); (I.P.); (A.S.S.); (A.A.L.); (A.N.P.); (V.B.R.)
| | - Nina G. Mikusheva
- Department of Molecular Biophysics and Polymer Physics, St. Petersburg University, Universitetskaya Nab. 7/9, 199034 Saint-Petersburg, Russia; (A.S.G.); (A.A.L.); (N.G.M.); (I.P.); (A.S.S.); (A.A.L.); (A.N.P.); (V.B.R.)
| | - Igor Perevyazko
- Department of Molecular Biophysics and Polymer Physics, St. Petersburg University, Universitetskaya Nab. 7/9, 199034 Saint-Petersburg, Russia; (A.S.G.); (A.A.L.); (N.G.M.); (I.P.); (A.S.S.); (A.A.L.); (A.N.P.); (V.B.R.)
| | - Anna S. Senchukova
- Department of Molecular Biophysics and Polymer Physics, St. Petersburg University, Universitetskaya Nab. 7/9, 199034 Saint-Petersburg, Russia; (A.S.G.); (A.A.L.); (N.G.M.); (I.P.); (A.S.S.); (A.A.L.); (A.N.P.); (V.B.R.)
| | - Alexandra A. Lezova
- Department of Molecular Biophysics and Polymer Physics, St. Petersburg University, Universitetskaya Nab. 7/9, 199034 Saint-Petersburg, Russia; (A.S.G.); (A.A.L.); (N.G.M.); (I.P.); (A.S.S.); (A.A.L.); (A.N.P.); (V.B.R.)
| | - Anna N. Podsevalnikova
- Department of Molecular Biophysics and Polymer Physics, St. Petersburg University, Universitetskaya Nab. 7/9, 199034 Saint-Petersburg, Russia; (A.S.G.); (A.A.L.); (N.G.M.); (I.P.); (A.S.S.); (A.A.L.); (A.N.P.); (V.B.R.)
| | - Vyacheslav B. Rogozhin
- Department of Molecular Biophysics and Polymer Physics, St. Petersburg University, Universitetskaya Nab. 7/9, 199034 Saint-Petersburg, Russia; (A.S.G.); (A.A.L.); (N.G.M.); (I.P.); (A.S.S.); (A.A.L.); (A.N.P.); (V.B.R.)
| | - Marcel Enke
- Laboratory of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Humboldtstr. 10, 07743 Jena, Germany; (M.E.); (A.W.)
- Jena Center for Soft Matter (JCSM), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Philosophenweg 7, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Andreas Winter
- Laboratory of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Humboldtstr. 10, 07743 Jena, Germany; (M.E.); (A.W.)
- Jena Center for Soft Matter (JCSM), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Philosophenweg 7, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Ulrich S. Schubert
- Laboratory of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Humboldtstr. 10, 07743 Jena, Germany; (M.E.); (A.W.)
- Jena Center for Soft Matter (JCSM), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Philosophenweg 7, 07743 Jena, Germany
- Correspondence: (U.S.S.); (N.V.T.)
| | - Nikolai V. Tsvetkov
- Department of Molecular Biophysics and Polymer Physics, St. Petersburg University, Universitetskaya Nab. 7/9, 199034 Saint-Petersburg, Russia; (A.S.G.); (A.A.L.); (N.G.M.); (I.P.); (A.S.S.); (A.A.L.); (A.N.P.); (V.B.R.)
- Correspondence: (U.S.S.); (N.V.T.)
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7
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Zhou Y, Ma J, Gao C, Fan X, Lashari NUR, Li J. Electrospun nanofibers from
ferrocene‐containing
multiblock copolymers prepared via
RAFT
polymerization with
F127
modified precursor. J Appl Polym Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/app.50984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yingxue Zhou
- Department of Polymeric Materials and Engineering College of Materials Science and Engineering, Xi'an Polytechnic University Xi'an China
| | - Jianhua Ma
- Department of Polymeric Materials and Engineering College of Materials Science and Engineering, Xi'an Polytechnic University Xi'an China
| | - Chaofeng Gao
- Shaanxi Research Design institute Petroleum and Chemical Industry Xi'an China
| | - Xiaodong Fan
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Science and Technology School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University Xi'an China
| | - Najeeb ur Rehman Lashari
- Department of Polymeric Materials and Engineering College of Materials Science and Engineering, Xi'an Polytechnic University Xi'an China
| | - Junpeng Li
- Department of Applied Chemistry School of Science, Xi'an University of Technology Xi'an China
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8
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Szuwarzyński M, Wolski K, Kruk T, Zapotoczny S. Macromolecular strategies for transporting electrons and excitation energy in ordered polymer layers. Prog Polym Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2021.101433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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9
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Hou X, Pan Y, Miraftab R, Huang Z, Xiao H. Redox- and Enzyme-Responsive Macrospheres Gatekept by Polysaccharides for Controlled Release of Agrochemicals. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2021; 69:11163-11170. [PMID: 34546756 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.1c01304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Stimuli-responsive materials afford researchers an opportunity to synthesize controlled-release carriers with various potential applications, especially for reducing the abuse of chemical reagents in farmland soil. To enhance the efficiency of agrochemical utilization, redox- and enzyme-responsive macrospheres were prepared by self-assembling β-cyclodextrin-modified zeolite and ferrocenecarboxylic acid (FcA)-grafted carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC). Scanning electron microscopy and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller analysis revealed that pores of zeolite were sealed by the surface coupling of FcA-modified CMC via the formation of an inclusion complex. Salicylic acid (SA) was loaded as a model agrochemical. The release of SA from macrospheres could be triggered in the presence of hydrogen peroxide (oxidant) and cellulase (enzyme); and the corresponding release percentages, 85.2 and 80.4%, were much higher than those of the control sample without responsive groups in water (12.6%) after 12 h. A release kinetic study showed that cellulase could promote carrier dissolution more effectively than the oxidant. The results demonstrate that the dual-responsive macrospheres are promising as a smart and effective carrier for the controlled release of agrochemicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaobang Hou
- Power Technology Center, State Grid Shandong Electric Power Research Institute, 2000 Wangyue Road, Jinan 250000, Shandong, China
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of New Brunswick, 15 Dineen Dr., Fredericton E3B 5A3, Canada
| | - Yuanfeng Pan
- Guangxi Key Lab of Petrochem. Resource Proc. & Process Intensification Tech., School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Guangxi University, 100 Daxue Road, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, China
| | - Roshanak Miraftab
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of New Brunswick, 15 Dineen Dr., Fredericton E3B 5A3, Canada
| | - Zhihong Huang
- Sheng Qing Environmental Protection Technology Co., Ltd, Kunming, Yunnan 650093, China
| | - Huining Xiao
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of New Brunswick, 15 Dineen Dr., Fredericton E3B 5A3, Canada
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10
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Fromel M, Li M, Pester CW. Surface Engineering with Polymer Brush Photolithography. Macromol Rapid Commun 2020; 41:e2000177. [DOI: 10.1002/marc.202000177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Revised: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michele Fromel
- Department of Chemical Engineering The Pennsylvania State University University Park PA 16802 USA
| | - Mingxiao Li
- Department of Chemical Engineering The Pennsylvania State University University Park PA 16802 USA
| | - Christian W. Pester
- Department of Chemical Engineering The Pennsylvania State University University Park PA 16802 USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering The Pennsylvania State University University Park PA 16802 USA
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11
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Sha Y, Zhu T, Rahman A, Cha Y, Hwang J, Luo Z, Tang C. Synthesis of Site-specific Charged Metallopolymers via Reversible Addition-Fragmentation Chain Transfer (RAFT) Polymerization. POLYMER 2020; 187:122095. [PMID: 32863439 PMCID: PMC7451713 DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2019.122095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Site-specific cobaltocenium-labeled polymers are synthesized by reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization using cobaltocenium-labeled chain transfer agents. These chain transfer agents show counterion-dependent solubility. Based on the chemical structure of the chain transfer agents, single cobaltocenium moieties are dictated to be in predetermined locations at either the center or terminals of the polymer chains. Polymerization of hydrophobic monomers (methyl methacrylate, methyl acrylate and styrene) and hydrophilic monomers (2-(dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate and methacrylic acid) is demonstrated to follow a controlled manner based on kinetic studies. Cobaltocenium-labeled polymers with molecular weights greater than 100,000 Da can be prepared by using a difunctional chain transfer agent. Photophysical properties, electrochemical properties, thermal properties and morphology of the cobaltocenium-labeled polymers are also investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Sha
- College of Science, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, PR China
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, United States
| | - Tianyu Zhu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, United States
| | - Anisur Rahman
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, United States
| | - Yujin Cha
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, United States
| | - Jihyeon Hwang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, United States
| | - Zhenyang Luo
- College of Science, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, PR China
| | - Chuanbing Tang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, United States
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12
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13
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Gallei M, Rüttiger C. Recent Trends in Metallopolymer Design: Redox-Controlled Surfaces, Porous Membranes, and Switchable Optical Materials Using Ferrocene-Containing Polymers. Chemistry 2018; 24:10006-10021. [PMID: 29532972 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201800412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2018] [Revised: 03/06/2018] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Metallopolymers with metal functionalities are a unique class of functional materials. Their redox-mediated optoelectronic and catalytic switching capabilities, their outstanding structure formation and separation capabilities have been reported recently. Within this Minireview, the scope and limitations of intriguing ferrocene-containing systems will be discussed. In the first section recent advances in metallopolymer design will be given leading to a plethora of novel metallopolymer architectures. Discussed synthetic pathways comprise controlled and living polymerization protocols as well as surface immobilization strategies. In the following sections, we focus on recent advances and new applications for side-chain and main-chain ferrocene-containing polymers as (i) remote-switchable materials, (ii) smart surfaces, (iii) redox-responsive membranes, and some recent trends in (iv) photonic structures and (v) other optical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus Gallei
- Ernst-Berl Institut für Technische und Makromolekulare Chemie, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Alarich-Weiss-Straße 4, 64287, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Christian Rüttiger
- Ernst-Berl Institut für Technische und Makromolekulare Chemie, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Alarich-Weiss-Straße 4, 64287, Darmstadt, Germany
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14
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Truong TNP, Randriamahazaka H, Ghilane J. Redox monomer ionic liquid based on quaternary ammonium: From electrochemistry to polymer brushes. Electrochem commun 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.elecom.2017.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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15
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Saleem M, Wang L, Yu H, Zain-ul-Abdin, Akram M, Ullah RS. Synthesis of amphiphilic block copolymers containing ferrocene–boronic acid and their micellization, redox-responsive properties and glucose sensing. Colloid Polym Sci 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s00396-017-4049-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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16
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Zoppe JO, Ataman NC, Mocny P, Wang J, Moraes J, Klok HA. Surface-Initiated Controlled Radical Polymerization: State-of-the-Art, Opportunities, and Challenges in Surface and Interface Engineering with Polymer Brushes. Chem Rev 2017; 117:1105-1318. [PMID: 28135076 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.6b00314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 578] [Impact Index Per Article: 82.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The generation of polymer brushes by surface-initiated controlled radical polymerization (SI-CRP) techniques has become a powerful approach to tailor the chemical and physical properties of interfaces and has given rise to great advances in surface and interface engineering. Polymer brushes are defined as thin polymer films in which the individual polymer chains are tethered by one chain end to a solid interface. Significant advances have been made over the past years in the field of polymer brushes. This includes novel developments in SI-CRP, as well as the emergence of novel applications such as catalysis, electronics, nanomaterial synthesis and biosensing. Additionally, polymer brushes prepared via SI-CRP have been utilized to modify the surface of novel substrates such as natural fibers, polymer nanofibers, mesoporous materials, graphene, viruses and protein nanoparticles. The last years have also seen exciting advances in the chemical and physical characterization of polymer brushes, as well as an ever increasing set of computational and simulation tools that allow understanding and predictions of these surface-grafted polymer architectures. The aim of this contribution is to provide a comprehensive review that critically assesses recent advances in the field and highlights the opportunities and challenges for future work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin O Zoppe
- Institut des Matériaux and Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, Laboratoire des Polymères Bâtiment MXD, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) , Station 12 CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Nariye Cavusoglu Ataman
- Institut des Matériaux and Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, Laboratoire des Polymères Bâtiment MXD, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) , Station 12 CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Piotr Mocny
- Institut des Matériaux and Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, Laboratoire des Polymères Bâtiment MXD, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) , Station 12 CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Jian Wang
- Institut des Matériaux and Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, Laboratoire des Polymères Bâtiment MXD, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) , Station 12 CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - John Moraes
- Institut des Matériaux and Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, Laboratoire des Polymères Bâtiment MXD, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) , Station 12 CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Harm-Anton Klok
- Institut des Matériaux and Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, Laboratoire des Polymères Bâtiment MXD, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) , Station 12 CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
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17
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Ghimire G, Coceancigh H, Yi Y, Ito T. Electrochemical Characterization and Catalytic Application of Gold-Supported Ferrocene-Containing Diblock Copolymer Thin Films in Ethanol Solution. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2017; 9:2906-2913. [PMID: 28019098 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.6b11181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
This paper reports the electrochemical behavior and catalytic property of electrode-supported thin films of polystyrene-block-poly(2-(acryloyloxy)ethyl ferrocenecarboxylate) (PS-b-PAEFc) in an ethanol (EtOH) solution. The electrochemical properties of PS-b-PAEFc films with different PAEFc volume fractions (fPAEFc = 0.47, 0.30, and 0.17) in 0.1 M ethanolic sodium hexafluorophosphate (NaPF6) were compared with those in an acetonitrile (MeCN) solution of 0.1 M tetrabutylammonium hexafluorophosphate. Pristine PS-b-PAEFc films did not afford significant faradaic currents in the EtOH solution because EtOH is a nonsolvent for both PS and PAEFc. However, the films could be rendered redox-active in the EtOH solution by applying potentials in the MeCN solution to induce the redox-associated incorporation of the supporting electrolytes into the films. Atomic force microscopy images verified the stability of PAEFc microdomains upon electrochemical measurements in these solutions. Cyclic voltammograms measured in the EtOH solution for PS-b-PAEFc with the larger fPAEFc were diffusion-controlled regardless of ellipsometric film thickness (23-152 nm) at relatively slow scan rates, in contrast to those in the MeCN solution that were controlled by surface-confined redox species. The electron propagation efficiency in the EtOH solution was significantly lower than that in the MeCN solution because of the poorer swelling of the films, which limited the migration of counterions and the collisional motions of the ferrocene moieties. PS-b-PAEFc films were applied as electrochemically responsive heterogeneous catalysts based on the ferrocenium moieties for Michael addition reaction between methyl vinyl ketone and ethyl 2-oxocyclopentanecarboxylate (E2OC) in 0.1 M NaPF6/EtOH. The catalytic activities of thin films were similar regardless of fPAEFc, suggesting that the catalytic reaction took place for the reactants that could penetrate through the film and reach PAEFc microdomains communicable with the underlying electrode. Interestingly, the permeability of PS-b-PAEFc films provided a means to control the reaction selectivity, as suggested by negligible reaction of E2OC with trans-4-phenyl-3-buten-2-one.
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Affiliation(s)
- Govinda Ghimire
- Department of Chemistry, Kansas State University , 213 CBC Building, Manhattan, Kansas 66506-0401, United States
| | - Herman Coceancigh
- Department of Chemistry, Kansas State University , 213 CBC Building, Manhattan, Kansas 66506-0401, United States
| | - Yi Yi
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University , 800 East Kirkwood Avenue, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United States
| | - Takashi Ito
- Department of Chemistry, Kansas State University , 213 CBC Building, Manhattan, Kansas 66506-0401, United States
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18
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Xu F, Cui ZM, Li H, Luo YL. Electrochemical determination of trace pesticide residues based on multiwalled carbon nanotube grafted acryloyloxy ferrocene carboxylates with different spacers. RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra26436k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
We report the preparation of nanohybrid composites with good electrochemical response for the detection of pesticide residues by combining esterification with ATRP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Xu
- Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Science of Shaanxi Province
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Shaanxi Normal University
- Xi'an 710062
- P. R. China
| | - Zhuo-Miao Cui
- Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Science of Shaanxi Province
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Shaanxi Normal University
- Xi'an 710062
- P. R. China
| | - He Li
- Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Science of Shaanxi Province
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Shaanxi Normal University
- Xi'an 710062
- P. R. China
| | - Yan-Ling Luo
- Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Science of Shaanxi Province
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Shaanxi Normal University
- Xi'an 710062
- P. R. China
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19
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Bui-Thi-Tuyet V, Trippé-Allard G, Ghilane J, Randriamahazaka H. Surface and Electrochemical Properties of Polymer Brush-Based Redox Poly(Ionic Liquid). ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2016; 8:28316-28324. [PMID: 27136186 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.6b02107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Redox-active poly(ionic liquid) poly(3-(2-methacryloyloxy ethyl)-1-(N-(ferrocenylmethyl) imidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide deposited onto electrode surfaces has been prepared using surface-initiated atom transfer radical polymerization SI-ATRP. The process starts by electrochemical immobilization of initiator layer, and then methacrylate monomer carrying ferrocene and imidazolium units is polymerized in ionic liquid media via SI-ATRP process. The surfaces analyses of the polymer exhibit a well-defined polymer brushlike structure and confirm the presence of ferrocene and ionic moieties within the film. Furthermore, the electrochemical investigations of poly(redox-active ionic liquid) in different media demonstrate that the electron transfer is not restricted by the rate of counterion migration into/out of the polymer. The attractive electrochemical performance of these materials is further demonstrated by performing electrochemical measurement, of poly(ferrocene ionic liquid), in solvent-free electrolyte. The facile synthesis of such highly ordered electroactive materials based ionic liquid could be useful for the fabrication of nanostructured electrode suitable for performing electrochemistry in solvent free electrolyte. We also demonstrate possible applications of the poly(FcIL) as electrochemically reversible surface wettability system and as electrochemical sensor for the catalytic activity toward the oxidation of tyrosine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Van Bui-Thi-Tuyet
- Nano-Electro-Chemistry Group, ITODYS, UMR 7086 CNRS, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité , 15 rue Jean-Antoine de Baïf, 75205 Paris, France
| | - Gaëlle Trippé-Allard
- Nano-Electro-Chemistry Group, ITODYS, UMR 7086 CNRS, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité , 15 rue Jean-Antoine de Baïf, 75205 Paris, France
| | - Jalal Ghilane
- Nano-Electro-Chemistry Group, ITODYS, UMR 7086 CNRS, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité , 15 rue Jean-Antoine de Baïf, 75205 Paris, France
| | - Hyacinthe Randriamahazaka
- Nano-Electro-Chemistry Group, ITODYS, UMR 7086 CNRS, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité , 15 rue Jean-Antoine de Baïf, 75205 Paris, France
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20
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Side chain effects in the packing structure and stiffness of redox-responsive ferrocene-containing polymer brushes. Eur Polym J 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2016.05.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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21
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Paniagua SA, Giordano AJ, Smith OL, Barlow S, Li H, Armstrong NR, Pemberton JE, Brédas JL, Ginger D, Marder SR. Phosphonic Acids for Interfacial Engineering of Transparent Conductive Oxides. Chem Rev 2016; 116:7117-58. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.6b00061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sergio A. Paniagua
- School
of Chemistry and Biochemistry and Center for Organic Photonics and
Electronics, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0400, United States
| | - Anthony J. Giordano
- School
of Chemistry and Biochemistry and Center for Organic Photonics and
Electronics, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0400, United States
| | - O’Neil L. Smith
- School
of Chemistry and Biochemistry and Center for Organic Photonics and
Electronics, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0400, United States
| | - Stephen Barlow
- School
of Chemistry and Biochemistry and Center for Organic Photonics and
Electronics, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0400, United States
| | - Hong Li
- School
of Chemistry and Biochemistry and Center for Organic Photonics and
Electronics, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0400, United States
- Division
of Physical Sciences and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, KAUST, Thuwal 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Neal R. Armstrong
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
| | - Jeanne E. Pemberton
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
| | - Jean-Luc Brédas
- School
of Chemistry and Biochemistry and Center for Organic Photonics and
Electronics, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0400, United States
- Division
of Physical Sciences and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, KAUST, Thuwal 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - David Ginger
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Seth R. Marder
- School
of Chemistry and Biochemistry and Center for Organic Photonics and
Electronics, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0400, United States
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22
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Strover LT, Malmström J, Travas-Sejdic J. Graft Copolymers with Conducting Polymer Backbones: A Versatile Route to Functional Materials. CHEM REC 2016; 16:393-418. [DOI: 10.1002/tcr.201500216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2015] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Lisa T. Strover
- School of Chemical Sciences; The University of Auckland; Auckland 1010 New Zealand
- The MacDiarmid Institute for Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology; Wellington New Zealand
| | - Jenny Malmström
- School of Chemical Sciences; The University of Auckland; Auckland 1010 New Zealand
- The MacDiarmid Institute for Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology; Wellington New Zealand
| | - Jadranka Travas-Sejdic
- School of Chemical Sciences; The University of Auckland; Auckland 1010 New Zealand
- The MacDiarmid Institute for Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology; Wellington New Zealand
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23
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Nagase K, Kobayashi J, Kikuchi A, Akiyama Y, Kanazawa H, Okano T. Thermoresponsive anionic block copolymer brushes with a strongly anionic bottom segment for effective interactions with biomolecules. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra20944k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Thermoresponsive anionic block copolymer brushes were prepared on silica bead surfaces by multistep surface-initiated atom-transfer radical polymerization. The anionic properties of the prepared brushes changed with temperature changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenichi Nagase
- Institute of Advanced Biomedical Engineering and Science
- Tokyo Women's Medical University
- TWIns
- Tokyo 162-8666
- Japan
| | - Jun Kobayashi
- Institute of Advanced Biomedical Engineering and Science
- Tokyo Women's Medical University
- TWIns
- Tokyo 162-8666
- Japan
| | - Akihiko Kikuchi
- Department of Materials Science and Technology
- Tokyo University of Science
- Tokyo 125-8585
- Japan
| | - Yoshikatsu Akiyama
- Institute of Advanced Biomedical Engineering and Science
- Tokyo Women's Medical University
- TWIns
- Tokyo 162-8666
- Japan
| | | | - Teruo Okano
- Institute of Advanced Biomedical Engineering and Science
- Tokyo Women's Medical University
- TWIns
- Tokyo 162-8666
- Japan
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24
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Nagase K, Kobayashi J, Kikuchi A, Akiyama Y, Kanazawa H, Okano T. Protein separations via thermally responsive ionic block copolymer brush layers. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra01061j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Thermoresponsive materials were prepared via multi-step surface-initiated ATRP. Because of the hydrophobic/hydrophilic transitions in the materials, proteins are adsorbed and eluted by simply changing the column temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenichi Nagase
- Institute of Advanced Biomedical Engineering and Science
- Tokyo Women's Medical University
- TWIns
- Tokyo 162-8666
- Japan
| | - Jun Kobayashi
- Institute of Advanced Biomedical Engineering and Science
- Tokyo Women's Medical University
- TWIns
- Tokyo 162-8666
- Japan
| | - Akihiko Kikuchi
- Department of Materials Science and Technology
- Tokyo University of Science
- Tokyo 125-8585
- Japan
| | - Yoshikatsu Akiyama
- Institute of Advanced Biomedical Engineering and Science
- Tokyo Women's Medical University
- TWIns
- Tokyo 162-8666
- Japan
| | | | - Teruo Okano
- Institute of Advanced Biomedical Engineering and Science
- Tokyo Women's Medical University
- TWIns
- Tokyo 162-8666
- Japan
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25
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Abstract
Charges make the difference in the arrangement of smart polymer chains and networks.
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26
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Ghimire G, Yi Y, Derylo MA, Baker LA, Ito T. Electron Propagation within Redox-Active Microdomains in Thin Films of Ferrocene-Containing Diblock Copolymers. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2015; 31:12307-12314. [PMID: 26485062 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.5b02996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
This paper reports the electrochemical behavior of redox-active microdomains in thin films of ferrocene-containing diblock copolymers, polystyrene-block-poly(2-(acryloyloxy)ethyl ferrocenecarboxylate) (PS-b-PAEFc). PS-b-PAEFc with different PAEFc volume fractions (PS154-b-PAEFc51, PS154-b-PAEFc26, and PS154-b-PAEFc12, where the subscripts represent the polymerization degree of each block; f(PAEFc) = 0.47, 0.30, and 0.17, respectively) was synthesized by sequential atom transfer radical polymerization. PS-b-PAEFc films of controlled thicknesses (20-160 nm) were prepared on gold substrates via spin-coating and characterized by ellipsometry. Microdomains were observed via atomic force microscopy on the surfaces of PS154-b-PAEFc51 and PS154-b-PAEFc26 thin films but not on the surfaces of PS154-b-PAEFc12 thin films. Electrochemical behavior of films was assessed by cyclic voltammetry and chronocoulometry in acetonitrile solution. The redox potential of ferrocene moieties was similar (ca. + 0.29 V vs Fc(+)/Fc) regardless of fPAEFc and film thickness. For PS154-b-PAEFc51 and PS154-b-PAEFc26, thicker films afforded larger faradaic peak currents and exhibited diffusion-controlled voltammograms at faster sweep rates. PS154-b-PAEFc26 produced voltammograms less influenced by solvent-induced swelling than PS154-b-PAEFc51, reflecting the improved morphological stability of PAEFc microdomains by redox-inert PS frameworks. In contrast, PS154-b-PAEFc12 films yielded similar faradaic peak currents regardless of film thickness and exhibited voltammograms indicative of surface-confined species. These observations suggest that PS154-b-PAEFc51 and PS154-b-PAEFc26 films contain continuous PAEFc microdomains extending from the electrode to the surface, in contrast to the PS154-b-PAEFc12 films which contain isolated PAEFc microdomains buried within the PS matrix. Electron propagation took place only through PAEFc microdomains that could electrically communicate with the underlying electrode. Apparent diffusion coefficients within PAEFc microdomains were similar (≈ 2 × 10(-11) cm(2)/s) for PS154-b-PAEFc51 and PS154-b-PAEFc26. The relatively low efficiency in electron propagation was attributable to ineffective electron self-exchange reaction within the PAEFc microdomains and/or limited counterion migration through the acetonitrile-swollen microdomains. These results provide guidance in design of redox-active metalloblock copolymers for various applications, which include electrocatalysis, electrochemical mediation in enzyme sensors, and redox-controlled molecular deposition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Govinda Ghimire
- Department of Chemistry, Kansas State University , 213 CBC Building, Manhattan, Kansas 66506-0401, United States
| | - Yi Yi
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University , 800 E Kirkwood Ave., Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United States
| | - Maksymilian A Derylo
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University , 800 E Kirkwood Ave., Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United States
| | - Lane A Baker
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University , 800 E Kirkwood Ave., Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United States
| | - Takashi Ito
- Department of Chemistry, Kansas State University , 213 CBC Building, Manhattan, Kansas 66506-0401, United States
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27
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Gao C, Liu C, Zhou H, Wang S, Zhang W. In situsynthesis of nano-assemblies of the high molecular weight ferrocene-containing block copolymerviadispersion RAFT polymerization. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.27947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Chengqiang Gao
- Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials of the Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Institute of Polymer Chemistry, Nankai University; Tianjin 300071 China
| | - Chonggao Liu
- Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials of the Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Institute of Polymer Chemistry, Nankai University; Tianjin 300071 China
| | - Heng Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials of the Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Institute of Polymer Chemistry, Nankai University; Tianjin 300071 China
| | - Shuang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials of the Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Institute of Polymer Chemistry, Nankai University; Tianjin 300071 China
| | - Wangqing Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials of the Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Institute of Polymer Chemistry, Nankai University; Tianjin 300071 China
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28
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Murugan P, Krishnamurthy M, Jaisankar SN, Samanta D, Mandal AB. Controlled decoration of the surface with macromolecules: polymerization on a self-assembled monolayer (SAM). Chem Soc Rev 2015; 44:3212-43. [PMID: 25839067 DOI: 10.1039/c4cs00378k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Polymer functionalized surfaces are important components of various sensors, solar cells and molecular electronic devices. In this context, the use of self-assembled monolayer (SAM) formation and subsequent reactions on the surface have attracted a lot of interest due to its stability, reliability and excellent control over orientation of functional groups. The chemical reactions to be employed on a SAM must ensure an effective functional group conversion while the reaction conditions must be mild enough to retain the structural integrity. This synthetic constraint has no universal solution; specific strategies such as "graft from", "graft to", "graft through" or "direct" immobilization approaches are employed depending on the nature of the substrate, polymer and its area of applications. We have reviewed current developments in the methodology of immobilization of a polymer in the first part of the article. Special emphasis has been given to the merits and demerits of certain methods. Another issue concerns the utility - demonstrated or perceived - of conjugated or non-conjugated macromolecules anchored on a functionally decorated SAM in the areas of material science and biotechnology. In the last part of the review article, we looked at the collective research efforts towards SAM-based polymer devices and identified major pointers of progress (236 references).
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Affiliation(s)
- P Murugan
- Polymer Division, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR)-CLRI, Adyar, Chennai-600020, India.
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29
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Wolski K, Szuwarzyński M, Kopeć M, Zapotoczny S. Ordered photo- and electroactive thin polymer layers. Eur Polym J 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2015.01.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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30
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Yan Y, Deaton TM, Zhang J, He H, Hayat J, Pageni P, Matyjaszewski K, Tang C. Syntheses of Monosubstituted Rhodocenium Derivatives, Monomers, and Polymers. Macromolecules 2015. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.5b00471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yi Yan
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, United States
| | - T. Maxwell Deaton
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, United States
| | - Jiuyang Zhang
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, United States
| | - Hongkun He
- Department
of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Jeffery Hayat
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, United States
| | - Parasmani Pageni
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, United States
| | - Krzysztof Matyjaszewski
- Department
of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Chuanbing Tang
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, United States
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31
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Li P, Kang H, Che N, Liu Z, Zhang C, Cao C, Li W, Liu R, Huang Y. Synthesis, self-assembly and redox-responsive properties of well-defined hydroxypropylcellulose-graft
-poly(2-acryloyloxyethyl ferrocenecarboxylate) copolymers. POLYM INT 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/pi.4879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pingping Li
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing 100190 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing 100049 China
| | - Hongliang Kang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing 100190 China
| | - Ning Che
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing 100190 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing 100049 China
| | - Zhijing Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing 100190 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing 100049 China
| | - Chao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing 100190 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing 100049 China
| | - Chun Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing 100190 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing 100049 China
| | - Weiwei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing 100190 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing 100049 China
| | - Ruigang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing 100190 China
| | - Yong Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing 100190 China
- National Research Center for Engineering Plastics, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing 100190 China
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32
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Yao B, Sun JZ, Qin A, Tang BZ. Click Chemistry: A Powerful and Versatile Methodology for Preparation of Ferrocene-Containing Polymers. J Inorg Organomet Polym Mater 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s10904-014-0106-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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33
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Hardy CG, Zhang J, Yan Y, Ren L, Tang C. Metallopolymers with transition metals in the side-chain by living and controlled polymerization techniques. Prog Polym Sci 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2014.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Barthélémy B, Maheux S, Devillers S, Kanoufi F, Combellas C, Delhalle J, Mekhalif Z. Synergistic effect on corrosion resistance of Phynox substrates grafted with surface-initiated ATRP (co)polymerization of 2-methacryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine (MPC) and 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA). ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2014; 6:10060-10071. [PMID: 24915233 DOI: 10.1021/am500725d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Phynox is of high interest for biomedical applications due to its biocompatibility and corrosion resistance. However, some Phynox applications require specific surface properties. These can be imparted with suitable surface functionalizations of its oxide layer. The present work investigates the surface-initiated atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) of 2-methacryloyoxyethyl phosphorylcholine (MPC), 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA), and ATRP copolymerization of (HEMA-co-MPC) (block and statistic copolymerization with different molar ratios) on grafted Phynox substrates modified with 11-(2-bromoisobutyrate)-undecyl-1-phosphonic acid (BUPA) as initiator. It is found that ATRP (co)polymerization of these monomers is feasible and forms hydrophilic layers, while improving the corrosion resistance of the system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bastien Barthélémy
- Laboratory of Chemistry and Electrochemistry of Surfaces (CES) University of Namur , 61 Rue de Bruxelles, B-5000 Namur, Belgium
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35
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Wang Y, Rapakousiou A, Astruc D. ROMP Synthesis of Cobalticenium–Enamine Polyelectrolytes. Macromolecules 2014. [DOI: 10.1021/ma5007864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yanlan Wang
- ISM, UMR
CNRS No. 5255, Université de Bordeaux, 33405 Talence Cedex, France
| | - Amalia Rapakousiou
- ISM, UMR
CNRS No. 5255, Université de Bordeaux, 33405 Talence Cedex, France
| | - Didier Astruc
- ISM, UMR
CNRS No. 5255, Université de Bordeaux, 33405 Talence Cedex, France
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36
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Fard MA, Khalili Najafabadi B, Hesari M, Workentin MS, Corrigan JF. New polydentate trimethylsilyl chalcogenide reagents for the assembly of polyferrocenyl architectures. Chemistry 2014; 20:7037-47. [PMID: 24806828 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201400185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2014] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
A series of polychalcogenotrimethylsilane complexes Ar(CH2ESiMe3)n, (Ar = aryl; E = S, Se; n = 2, 3, and 4) can be prepared from the corresponding polyorganobromide and M[ESiMe3] (M = Na, Li). These represent the first examples of the incorporation of such a large number of reactive -ESiMe3 moieties onto an organic molecular framework. They are shown to be convenient reagents for the preparation of the polyferrocenylseleno- and thioesters from ferrocenoyl chloride. The synthesis, structures, and spectroscopic properties of the new silyl chalcogen complexes 1,4-(Me3SiECH2)2(C6Me4) (E = S, 1; E = Se, 2), 1,3,5-(Me3SiECH2)3(C6Me3) (E = S, 3; E = Se, 4) and 1,2,4,5-(Me3SiECH2)4(C6H2) (E = S, 5; E = Se, 6) and the polyferrocenyl chalcogenoesters [1,4-{FcC(O)ECH2}2(C6Me4)] (E = S, 7; E = Se, 8), [1,3,5-{FcC(O)ECH2}3(C6Me3)] (E = S, 9; E = Se, 10) and [1,2,4,5-{FcC(O)ECH2}4(C6H2)] (E = S, 11 illustrated; E = Se, 12) are reported. The new polysilylated reagents and polyferrocenyl chalcogenoesters have been characterized by multinuclear NMR spectroscopy ((1)H, (13)C, (77)Se), electrospray ionization mass spectrometry and, for complexes 1, 2, 3, 4, 7, 8, and 11, single-crystal X-ray diffraction. The cyclic voltammograms of complexes 7-11 are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmood Azizpoor Fard
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON, N6A 5B7 (Canada), Fax: (+1)519-661-3022
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37
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Plamper FA. Changing Polymer Solvation by Electrochemical Means: Basics and Applications. POROUS CARBONS – HYPERBRANCHED POLYMERS – POLYMER SOLVATION 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/12_2014_284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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38
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Lillethorup M, Torbensen K, Ceccato M, Pedersen SU, Daasbjerg K. Electron transport through a diazonium-based initiator layer to covalently attached polymer brushes of ferrocenylmethyl methacrylate. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2013; 29:13595-13604. [PMID: 24144237 DOI: 10.1021/la402535u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
A versatile method based on electrografting of aryldiazonium salts was used to introduce covalently attached initiators for atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) on glassy carbon surfaces. Polymer brushes of ferrocenylmethyl methacrylate were prepared from the surface-attached initiators, and these films were thoroughly analyzed using various techniques, including X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), infrared reflection-absorption spectroscopy (IRRAS), ellipsometry, and electrochemistry. Of particular interest was the electrochemical characterization of the electron transfer through the diazonium-based initiator layer to the redox centers in the polymer brush films. It was found that the apparent rate constant of electron transfer decreases exponentially with the dry-state thickness of this layer. To investigate the electron transfer in the brushes themselves, scanning electrochemical microscopy (SECM) was applied, thereby allowing the effect from the initiator layer to be excluded. The unusual transition feature of the approach curves recorded suggests that an initial fast charge transfer to the outermost-situated ferrocenyl groups is followed by a slower electron transport involving the neighboring redox units.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mie Lillethorup
- Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University , Langelandsgade 140, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
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39
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Yan Y, Zhang J, Qiao Y, Tang C. Facile preparation of cobaltocenium-containing polyelectrolyte via click chemistry and RAFT polymerization. Macromol Rapid Commun 2013; 35:254-259. [PMID: 24023049 DOI: 10.1002/marc.201300558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2013] [Revised: 08/23/2013] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
A facile method to prepare cationic cobaltocenium-containing polyelectrolyte is reported. Cobaltocenium monomer with methacrylate is synthesized by copper-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAC) reaction between 2-azidoethyl methacrylate and ethynylcobaltocenium hexafluorophosphate. Further controlled polymerization is achieved by reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer polymerization (RAFT) by using cumyl dithiobenzoate (CDB) as a chain transfer agent. Kinetic study demonstrates the controlled/living process of polymerization. The obtained side-chain cobaltocenium-containing polymer is a metal-containing polyelectrolyte that shows characteristic redox behavior of cobaltocenium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Yan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, 631 Sumter Street, Columbia, South Carolina, 29208, USA
| | - Jiuyang Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, 631 Sumter Street, Columbia, South Carolina, 29208, USA
| | - Yali Qiao
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, 631 Sumter Street, Columbia, South Carolina, 29208, USA
| | - Chuanbing Tang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, 631 Sumter Street, Columbia, South Carolina, 29208, USA
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40
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Signal amplification strategy for sensitive immunoassay of prostate specific antigen (PSA) based on ferrocene incorporated polystyrene spheres. Anal Chim Acta 2013; 793:19-25. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2013.07.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2013] [Revised: 07/19/2013] [Accepted: 07/25/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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41
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Elbert J, Gallei M, Rüttiger C, Brunsen A, Didzoleit H, Stühn B, Rehahn M. Ferrocene Polymers for Switchable Surface Wettability. Organometallics 2013. [DOI: 10.1021/om400468p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Elbert
- Ernst-Berl Institute for Chemical
Engineering and Macromolecular Science, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Petersenstraße
22, D-64287 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Markus Gallei
- Ernst-Berl Institute for Chemical
Engineering and Macromolecular Science, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Petersenstraße
22, D-64287 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Christian Rüttiger
- Ernst-Berl Institute for Chemical
Engineering and Macromolecular Science, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Petersenstraße
22, D-64287 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Annette Brunsen
- Ernst-Berl Institute for Chemical
Engineering and Macromolecular Science, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Petersenstraße
22, D-64287 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Haiko Didzoleit
- Institute of Condensed Matter
Physics, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Hochschulstraße 8, D-64289 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Bernd Stühn
- Institute of Condensed Matter
Physics, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Hochschulstraße 8, D-64289 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Matthias Rehahn
- Ernst-Berl Institute for Chemical
Engineering and Macromolecular Science, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Petersenstraße
22, D-64287 Darmstadt, Germany
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42
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Magenau AJD, Bortolamei N, Frick E, Park S, Gennaro A, Matyjaszewski K. Investigation of Electrochemically Mediated Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization. Macromolecules 2013. [DOI: 10.1021/ma400869e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Andrew J. D. Magenau
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, 4400 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh,
Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Nicola Bortolamei
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università di Padova, Via Marzolo 1, Padova 35131, Italy
| | - Elena Frick
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, 4400 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh,
Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Sangwoo Park
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, 4400 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh,
Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Armando Gennaro
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università di Padova, Via Marzolo 1, Padova 35131, Italy
| | - Krzysztof Matyjaszewski
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, 4400 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh,
Pennsylvania 15213, United States
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43
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Lallana E, Tirelli N. Oxidation-Responsive Polymers: Which Groups to Use, How to Make Them, What to Expect From Them (Biomedical Applications). MACROMOL CHEM PHYS 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/macp.201200502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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44
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Mazurowski M, Gallei M, Li J, Didzoleit H, Stühn B, Rehahn M. Redox-Responsive Polymer Brushes Grafted from Polystyrene Nanoparticles by Means of Surface Initiated Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization. Macromolecules 2012. [DOI: 10.1021/ma3020195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Markus Mazurowski
- Ernst-Berl
Institute for Chemical Engineering and Macromolecular Science, Darmstadt University of Technology, Petersenstraße
22, D-64287 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Markus Gallei
- Ernst-Berl
Institute for Chemical Engineering and Macromolecular Science, Darmstadt University of Technology, Petersenstraße
22, D-64287 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Junyu Li
- Institute of Condensed Matter Physics, Darmstadt University of Technology, Hochschulstraße 8, D-64289 Darmstadt,
Germany
| | - Haiko Didzoleit
- Institute of Condensed Matter Physics, Darmstadt University of Technology, Hochschulstraße 8, D-64289 Darmstadt,
Germany
| | - Bernd Stühn
- Institute of Condensed Matter Physics, Darmstadt University of Technology, Hochschulstraße 8, D-64289 Darmstadt,
Germany
| | - Matthias Rehahn
- Ernst-Berl
Institute for Chemical Engineering and Macromolecular Science, Darmstadt University of Technology, Petersenstraße
22, D-64287 Darmstadt, Germany
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45
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Yuan L, Wei W, Liu S. Label-free electrochemical immunosensors based on surface-initiated atom radical polymerization. Biosens Bioelectron 2012; 38:79-85. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2012.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2012] [Revised: 05/05/2012] [Accepted: 05/07/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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46
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Li Y, Giesbers M, Gerth M, Zuilhof H. Generic top-functionalization of patterned antifouling zwitterionic polymers on indium tin oxide. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2012; 28:12509-12517. [PMID: 22888834 DOI: 10.1021/la3022563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
This paper presents a novel surface engineering approach that combines photochemical grafting and surface-initiated atom transfer radical polymerization (SI-ATRP) to attach zwitterionic polymer brushes onto indium tin oxide (ITO) substrates. The photochemically grafted hydroxyl-terminated organic layer serves as an excellent platform for initiator attachment, and the zwitterionic polymer generated via subsequent SI-ATRP exhibits very good antifouling properties. Patterned polymer coatings can be obtained when the surface with covalently attached initiator was subjected to photomasked UV-irradiation, in which the C-Br bond that is present in the initiator was broken upon exposure to UV light. A further, highly versatile top-functionalization of the zwitterionic polymer brush was achieved by a strain-promoted alkyne-azide cycloaddition, without compromising its antifouling property. The attached bioligand (here: biotin) enables the specific immobilization of target proteins in a spatially confined fashion, pointing to future applications of this approach in the design of micropatterned sensing platforms on ITO substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Li
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
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47
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Azzaroni O. Polymer brushes here, there, and everywhere: Recent advances in their practical applications and emerging opportunities in multiple research fields. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.26119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 306] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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48
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Li Y, Zuilhof H. Photochemical grafting and patterning of organic monolayers on indium tin oxide substrates. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2012; 28:5350-5359. [PMID: 22324432 DOI: 10.1021/la204980f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Covalently attached organic layers on indium tin oxide (ITO) surfaces were prepared by the photochemical grafting with 1-alkenes. The surface modification was monitored with static water contact angle, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and atomic force microscopy (AFM) measurements. Hydrophobic methyl-terminated ITO surfaces can be obtained via the grafting of tetradec-1-ene, whereas the attachment of ω-functionalized 1-alkenes leads to functionalized ITO surfaces. The use of a C≡C-Ge(CH(3))(3) terminus allows for facile tagging of the surface with an azido group via a one-pot deprotection/click reaction, resulting in bio/electronically active interfaces. The combination of nonaggressive chemicals (alkenes), mild reaction conditions (room temperature), and a light-induced grafting that facilitates the direct patterning of organic layers makes this simple approach highly promising for the development of ITO-based (bio)electronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Li
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Wageningen University, Dreijenplein 8, 6703 HB Wageningen, The Netherlands
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49
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Surface Intiated Atom Transfer Radical Polymerizations from Indium Tin Oxide Electrodes: Electrochemistry of Polymer Brushes. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1021/bk-2012-1101.ch013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
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50
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Hardy CG, Ren L, Zhang J, Tang C. Side-Chain Metallocene-Containing Polymers by Living and Controlled Polymerizations. Isr J Chem 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/ijch.201100110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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