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Wang RH, Li B, Gou MB, Luo ZQ, Liu B, Li Y, Kong X, He Q, He S, Li JF, Huang J, Wang J, Zhang J, Tang L. Redox-Neutral Coupling of Allyl Alcohols with Trifluoromethyl Ketones via Synergistic Ni-Ti Bimetallic Catalysis. Org Lett 2024; 26:7408-7413. [PMID: 39186015 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.4c02720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/27/2024]
Abstract
A redox-neutral coupling of allyl alcohols with trifluoromethyl ketones has been developed via Ni-Ti bimetallic catalysis. This innovative method allows for the efficient synthesis of various β-tertiary trifluoromethyl alcohol-substituted ketones with yields of up to 98%. The reaction is scalable and compatible with a wide range of substrates, including complex bioactive molecules. Mechanistic studies suggest that the rate-determining step involving β-H elimination and the presence of the Ti-based Lewis acid, as well as a hydroxyl group on the substrates, is crucial for driving the reactivity of this transformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong-Hua Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Guizhou Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Chemical Drug R&D, Guizhou Medical University, 561113 Guiyang, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Medcial University, 550014 Guiyang, P. R. China
| | - Bo Li
- School of Pharmacy, Guizhou Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Chemical Drug R&D, Guizhou Medical University, 561113 Guiyang, P. R. China
| | - Ming-Bai Gou
- School of Pharmacy, Guizhou Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Chemical Drug R&D, Guizhou Medical University, 561113 Guiyang, P. R. China
| | - Zhen-Qi Luo
- School of Pharmacy, Guizhou Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Chemical Drug R&D, Guizhou Medical University, 561113 Guiyang, P. R. China
| | - Bin Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Guizhou Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Chemical Drug R&D, Guizhou Medical University, 561113 Guiyang, P. R. China
| | - Yong Li
- School of Pharmacy, Guizhou Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Chemical Drug R&D, Guizhou Medical University, 561113 Guiyang, P. R. China
| | - Xiangkai Kong
- School of Pharmacy, Guizhou Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Chemical Drug R&D, Guizhou Medical University, 561113 Guiyang, P. R. China
| | - Qing He
- School of Pharmacy, Guizhou Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Chemical Drug R&D, Guizhou Medical University, 561113 Guiyang, P. R. China
| | - Siyu He
- School of Pharmacy, Guizhou Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Chemical Drug R&D, Guizhou Medical University, 561113 Guiyang, P. R. China
| | - Jiang-Fei Li
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Synthesis and Application of Medical Materials, Wannan Medical College, 241002 Wuhu, P. R. China
| | - Jiayu Huang
- School of Pharmacy, Guizhou Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Chemical Drug R&D, Guizhou Medical University, 561113 Guiyang, P. R. China
| | - Jianta Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Guizhou Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Chemical Drug R&D, Guizhou Medical University, 561113 Guiyang, P. R. China
| | - Jiquan Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Guizhou Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Chemical Drug R&D, Guizhou Medical University, 561113 Guiyang, P. R. China
| | - Lei Tang
- School of Pharmacy, Guizhou Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Chemical Drug R&D, Guizhou Medical University, 561113 Guiyang, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Medcial University, 550014 Guiyang, P. R. China
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Li C, Xu Y, Su W, He X, Li J, Li X, Xu HE, Yin W. Structural insights into ligand recognition, selectivity, and activation of bombesin receptor subtype-3. Cell Rep 2024; 43:114511. [PMID: 39024101 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2024.114511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2024] [Revised: 05/16/2024] [Accepted: 06/28/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Bombesin receptor subtype-3 (BRS3) is an important orphan G protein-coupled receptor that regulates energy homeostasis and insulin secretion. As a member of the bombesin receptor (BnR) family, the lack of known endogenous ligands and high-resolution structure has hindered the understanding of BRS3 signaling and function. We present two cryogenic electron microscopy (cryo-EM) structures of BRS3 in complex with the heterotrimeric Gq protein in its active states: one bound to the pan-BnR agonist BA1 and the other bound to the synthetic BRS3-specific agonist MK-5046. These structures reveal the architecture of the orthosteric ligand pocket underpinning molecular recognition and provide insights into the structural basis for BRS3's selectivity and low affinity for bombesin peptides. Examination of conserved micro-switches suggests a shared activation mechanism among BnRs. Our findings shed light on BRS3's ligand selectivity and signaling mechanisms, paving the way for exploring its therapeutic potential for diabetes, obesity, and related metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changyao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China; School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China; Lingang Laboratory, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Youwei Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Wenxin Su
- Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Zhongshan Institute for Drug Discovery, Guangdong 510000, China; Zhongshan Institute for Drug Discovery, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangdong 528400, China
| | - Xinheng He
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jingru Li
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Xinzhu Li
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - H Eric Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China; School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China; Lingang Laboratory, Shanghai 200031, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; School of Chinese Materia Medica, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Wanchao Yin
- Zhongshan Institute for Drug Discovery, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangdong 528400, China; State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China; Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Zhongshan Institute for Drug Discovery, Guangdong 510000, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
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Ahunovych V, Klipkov AA, Bugera M, Tarasenko K, Trofymchuk S, Stanko O, Boretskyi A, Zheludenko M, Sadkova IV, Mykhailiuk PK. General and Scalable Approach to Trifluoromethyl-Substituted Cyclopropanes. J Org Chem 2023; 88:3859-3870. [PMID: 36827631 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c00123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/26/2023]
Abstract
CF3-cyclopropanes with aliphatic, aromatic, and even heteroaromatic substituents were prepared on a multigram scale by deoxyfluorination of cyclopropane carboxylic acids or their salts with sulfur tetrafluoride. For labile α-pyridine acetic acids, only the use of their potassium salts allowed to obtain the needed products. Derivatization of CF3-cyclopropanes into building blocks ready for direct use in medicinal chemistry was performed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Volodymyr Ahunovych
- Enamine Ltd., Chervonotkatska 60, 02094 Kyiv, Ukraine.,V.P. Kukhar Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry and Petrochemistry, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Akademika Kukharya 1, 02094 Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Anton A Klipkov
- Enamine Ltd., Chervonotkatska 60, 02094 Kyiv, Ukraine.,V.P. Kukhar Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry and Petrochemistry, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Akademika Kukharya 1, 02094 Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Maksym Bugera
- Enamine Ltd., Chervonotkatska 60, 02094 Kyiv, Ukraine.,V.P. Kukhar Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry and Petrochemistry, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Akademika Kukharya 1, 02094 Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Karen Tarasenko
- Enamine Ltd., Chervonotkatska 60, 02094 Kyiv, Ukraine.,V.P. Kukhar Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry and Petrochemistry, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Akademika Kukharya 1, 02094 Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Serhii Trofymchuk
- Enamine Ltd., Chervonotkatska 60, 02094 Kyiv, Ukraine.,Institute of Organic Chemistry, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Akademika Kukharya 5, 02094 Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Oleh Stanko
- Enamine Ltd., Chervonotkatska 60, 02094 Kyiv, Ukraine
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Ramos-Alvarez I, Iordanskaia T, Mantey SA, Jensen RT. The Nonpeptide Agonist MK-5046 Functions As an Allosteric Agonist for the Bombesin Receptor Subtype-3. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2022; 382:66-78. [PMID: 35644465 PMCID: PMC9341266 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.121.001033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 08/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Allosteric ligands of various G-protein-coupled receptors are being increasingly described and are providing important advances in the development of ligands with novel selectivity and efficacy. These unusual properties allow expanded opportunities for pharmacologic studies and treatment. Unfortunately, no allosteric ligands are yet described for the bombesin receptor family (BnRs), which are proposed to be involved in numerous physiologic/pathophysiological processes in both the central nervous system and peripheral tissues. In this study, we investigate the possibility that the bombesin receptor subtype-3 (BRS-3) specific nonpeptide receptor agonist MK-5046 [(2S)-1,1,1-trifluoro-2-[4-(1H-pyrazol-1-yl)phenyl]-3-(4-[[1-(trifluoromethyl)cyclopropyl]methyl]-1H-imidazol-2-yl)propan-2-ol] functions as a BRS-3 allosteric receptor ligand. We find that in BRS-3 cells, MK-5046 only partially inhibits iodine-125 radionuclide (125I)-Bantag-1 [Boc-Phe-His-4-amino-5-cyclohexyl-2,4,5-trideoxypentonyl-Leu-(3-dimethylamino) benzylamide N-methylammonium trifluoroacetate] binding and that both peptide-1 (a universal BnR-agonist) and MK-5046 activate phospholipase C; however, the specific BRS-3 peptide antagonist Bantag-1 inhibits the action of peptide-1 competitively, whereas for MK-5046 the inhibition is noncompetitive and yields a curvilinear Schild plot. Furthermore, MK-5046 shows other allosteric behaviors, including slowing dissociation of the BRS-3 receptor ligand 125I-Bantag-1, dose-inhibition curves being markedly affected by increasing ligand concentration, and MK-5046 leftward shifting the peptide-1 agonist dose-response curve. Lastly, receptor chimeric studies and site-directed mutagenesis provide evidence that MK-5046 and Bantag-1 have different binding sites determining their receptor high affinity/selectivity. These results provide evidence that MK-5046 is functioning as an allosteric agonist at the BRS-3 receptor, which is the first allosteric ligand described for this family of receptors. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: G-protein-coupled receptor allosteric ligands providing higher selectivity, selective efficacy, and safety that cannot be obtained using usual orthosteric receptor-based strategies are being increasingly described, resulting in enhanced usefulness in exploring receptor function and in treatment. No allosteric ligands exist for any of the mammalian bombesin receptor (BnR) family. Here we provide evidence for the first such example of a BnR allosteric ligand by showing that MK-5046, a nonpeptide agonist for bombesin receptor subtype-3, is functioning as an allosteric agonist.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Ramos-Alvarez
- Digestive Diseases Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Tatiana Iordanskaia
- Digestive Diseases Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Samuel A Mantey
- Digestive Diseases Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Robert T Jensen
- Digestive Diseases Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
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5
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Zhu Y, Wu L, Zhao Y, Wang Z, Lu J, Yu Y, Xiao H, Zhang Y. Discovery of oridonin as a novel agonist for BRS-3. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 100:154085. [PMID: 35405616 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2022.154085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Revised: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bombesin Receptor Subtype-3 (BRS-3, Bombesin-like receptor, BB3) is an orphan G-protein coupled receptor (GPCR). Recent studies have shown that BRS-3 played a vital role in glucose regulation, insulin secretion, and energy homeostasis. Therefore, discovering more novel exogenous ligands with diverse structures for BRS-3 will be of great importance for target validation and drug development. PURPOSE In this study, we aim to discover new agonists of BRS-3 from our natural compound libraries, providing a new probe to study the function of BRS-3. STUDY DESIGN Multiple cell-based assays and in vivo experiments were performed to identify the new ligand. METHODS BRS-3 overexpression cells were coupled with FLIPR assay, homogeneous time-resolved fluorescence (HTRF) IP-ONE assay, dynamic mass redistribution (DMR) assay, β-arrestin2 recruitment assay, and western blot to determine receptor activation and downstream signaling events. To further validate the target of BRS-3, a series of in vitro and in vivo experiences were conducted, including glucose uptake, glucose transporter type 4 (GLUT4) transportation in C2C12, and oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) in mice. RESULTS We discovered and identified oridonin as a novel small molecule agonist of BRS-3, with a moderate affinity (EC50 of 2.236 × 10-7 M in calcium mobilization assay), specificity, and subtype selectivity. Further in vitro and in vivo tests demonstrated that oridonin exerted beneficial effects in glucose homeostasis through activating BRS-3. CONCLUSIONS Oridonin, as the discovered new ligand of BRS-3, provides a valuable tool compound to investigate BRS-3's function, especially for target validation in type 2 diabetes and obesity. Oridonin is promising as a lead compound in the treatment of metabolic disorders. Compared to the known agonists of BRS-3, we can take advantage of the multiple reported pharmacological activities of ODN as a natural product and assess whether these pharmacological activities are regulated by BRS-3. This may facilitate the discovery of novel functions of BRS-3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanan Zhu
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Lehao Wu
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China; State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Joint International Research Laboratory Metabolic & Developmental Sciences, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Yaxue Zhao
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Zeyuan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Joint International Research Laboratory Metabolic & Developmental Sciences, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Jihong Lu
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Yang Yu
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Hua Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Joint International Research Laboratory Metabolic & Developmental Sciences, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China.
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Liu T, Beck JP, Hao J. A concise review on hPXR ligand-recognizing residues and structure-based strategies to alleviate hPXR transactivation risk. RSC Med Chem 2022; 13:129-137. [PMID: 35308029 PMCID: PMC8864553 DOI: 10.1039/d1md00348h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The human pregnane X receptor (hPXR) regulates the expression of major drug metabolizing enzymes. A wide range of drug candidates bind and activate hPXR, and hence are at risk of increasing drug-drug interactions and reducing clinical efficacy. hPXR structural features that function as hot spots for ligand binding are identified and highlighted in this concise review. Based on literature structure-activity relationship data as case studies, structure-based strategies to mitigate hPXR transactivation are summarized for medicinal chemists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Liu
- Discovery Chemistry Research & Technologies, Eli Lilly and Company, Lilly Biotechnology Center 10290 Campus Point Drive San Diego CA 92121 USA
| | - James P Beck
- Discovery Chemistry Research & Technologies, Eli Lilly and Company, Lilly Biotechnology Center 10290 Campus Point Drive San Diego CA 92121 USA
| | - Junliang Hao
- Discovery Chemistry Research & Technologies, Eli Lilly and Company, Lilly Biotechnology Center 10290 Campus Point Drive San Diego CA 92121 USA
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Piñol RA, Mogul AS, Hadley CK, Saha A, Li C, Škop V, Province HS, Xiao C, Gavrilova O, Krashes MJ, Reitman ML. Preoptic BRS3 neurons increase body temperature and heart rate via multiple pathways. Cell Metab 2021; 33:1389-1403.e6. [PMID: 34038711 PMCID: PMC8266747 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2021.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Revised: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The preoptic area (POA) is a key brain region for regulation of body temperature (Tb), dictating thermogenic, cardiovascular, and behavioral responses that control Tb. Previously characterized POA neuronal populations all reduced Tb when activated. Using mice, we now identify POA neurons expressing bombesin-like receptor 3 (POABRS3) as a population whose activation increased Tb; inversely, acute inhibition of these neurons reduced Tb. POABRS3 neurons that project to either the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus or the dorsomedial hypothalamus increased Tb, heart rate, and blood pressure via the sympathetic nervous system. Long-term inactivation of POABRS3 neurons caused increased Tb variability, overshooting both increases and decreases in Tb set point, with RNA expression profiles suggesting multiple types of POABRS3 neurons. Thus, POABRS3 neuronal populations regulate Tb and heart rate, contribute to cold defense, and fine-tune feedback control of Tb. These findings advance understanding of homeothermy, a defining feature of mammalian biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramón A Piñol
- Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Obesity Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
| | - Allison S Mogul
- Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Obesity Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Colleen K Hadley
- Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Obesity Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Atreyi Saha
- Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Obesity Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Chia Li
- Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Obesity Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Vojtěch Škop
- Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Obesity Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Haley S Province
- Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Obesity Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Cuiying Xiao
- Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Obesity Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Oksana Gavrilova
- Mouse Metabolism Core, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Michael J Krashes
- Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Obesity Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Marc L Reitman
- Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Obesity Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
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Kumar A, Jamali MF, Thomas S, Ahamad S, Kant R, Mohanan K. Additive‐Free Synthesis of Trifluoromethylated Spiro Cyclopropanes and Their Transformation into Trifluoromethylated Building Blocks. ASIAN J ORG CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ajoc.202100207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Anuj Kumar
- Medicinal & Process Chemistry Division CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute Lucknow 226031 India
| | - Muhammad Fahad Jamali
- Medicinal & Process Chemistry Division CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute Lucknow 226031 India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR) Ghaziabad 201002 India
| | - Shilpa Thomas
- Medicinal & Process Chemistry Division CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute Lucknow 226031 India
| | - Shakir Ahamad
- Medicinal & Process Chemistry Division CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute Lucknow 226031 India
- Department of Chemistry Aligarh Muslim University Aligarh 202002, UP India
| | - Ruchir Kant
- Molecular and Structural Biology Division CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute Lucknow 226031 India
| | - Kishor Mohanan
- Medicinal & Process Chemistry Division CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute Lucknow 226031 India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR) Ghaziabad 201002 India
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9
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Moody TW, Lee L, Ramos-Alvarez I, Iordanskaia T, Mantey SA, Jensen RT. Bombesin Receptor Family Activation and CNS/Neural Tumors: Review of Evidence Supporting Possible Role for Novel Targeted Therapy. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:728088. [PMID: 34539578 PMCID: PMC8441013 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.728088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are increasingly being considered as possible therapeutic targets in cancers. Activation of GPCR on tumors can have prominent growth effects, and GPCRs are frequently over-/ectopically expressed on tumors and thus can be used for targeted therapy. CNS/neural tumors are receiving increasing attention using this approach. Gliomas are the most frequent primary malignant brain/CNS tumor with glioblastoma having a 10-year survival <1%; neuroblastomas are the most common extracranial solid tumor in children with long-term survival<40%, and medulloblastomas are less common, but one subgroup has a 5-year survival <60%. Thus, there is an increased need for more effective treatments of these tumors. The Bombesin-receptor family (BnRs) is one of the GPCRs that are most frequently over/ectopically expressed by common tumors and is receiving particular attention as a possible therapeutic target in several tumors, particularly in prostate, breast, and lung cancer. We review in this paper evidence suggesting why a similar approach in some CNS/neural tumors (gliomas, neuroblastomas, medulloblastomas) should also be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Terry W. Moody
- Department of Health and Human Services, National Cancer Institute, Center for Cancer Training, Office of the Director, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Lingaku Lee
- Digestive Diseases Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
- Department of Gastroenterology, National Hospital Organization Kyushu Cancer Center, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Irene Ramos-Alvarez
- Digestive Diseases Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Tatiana Iordanskaia
- Digestive Diseases Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Samuel A. Mantey
- Digestive Diseases Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Robert T. Jensen
- Digestive Diseases Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
- *Correspondence: Robert T. Jensen,
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10
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Chen GS, Yan XX, Chen SJ, Mao XY, Li ZD, Liu YL. Diastereoselective Synthesis of 1,3-Diyne-Tethered Trifluoromethylcyclopropanes through a Sulfur Ylide Mediated Cyclopropanation/DBU-Mediated Epimerization Sequence. J Org Chem 2020; 85:6252-6260. [PMID: 32298579 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.0c00162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
A one-pot synthesis of 1,3-diyne-tethered trifluoromethylcyclopropanes starting from 2-CF3-3,5-diyne-1-enes and sulfur ylides via a sulfur ylide mediated cyclopropanation and a DBU-mediated epimerization sequence is described in this work. This process is highly diastereoselective with broad substrate scope. Moreover, a series of synthetic transformations based on the diyne moieties were conducted smoothly, affording cyclopropanes featuring trifluoromethyl-substituted all-carbon quaternary centers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guo-Shu Chen
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangzhou University, 230 Wai Huan Xi Road, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou 510006, P.R. China
| | - Xiao-Xue Yan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangzhou University, 230 Wai Huan Xi Road, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou 510006, P.R. China
| | - Shu-Jie Chen
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangzhou University, 230 Wai Huan Xi Road, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou 510006, P.R. China.,Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Engineering of Guangdong Province, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, P.R. China
| | - Xiang-Yu Mao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangzhou University, 230 Wai Huan Xi Road, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou 510006, P.R. China
| | - Zhao-Dong Li
- Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Materials and Energy, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Yun-Lin Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangzhou University, 230 Wai Huan Xi Road, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou 510006, P.R. China
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11
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Xiao C, Liu N, Province H, Piñol RA, Gavrilova O, Reitman ML. BRS3 in both MC4R- and SIM1-expressing neurons regulates energy homeostasis in mice. Mol Metab 2020; 36:100969. [PMID: 32229422 PMCID: PMC7113433 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2020.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2020] [Revised: 02/13/2020] [Accepted: 02/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Bombesin-like receptor 3 (BRS3) is an orphan receptor and Brs3 knockout mice develop obesity with increased food intake and reduced resting metabolic rate and body temperature. The neuronal populations contributing to these effects were examined. METHODS We studied energy metabolism in mice with Cre-mediated recombination causing 1) loss of BRS3 selectively in SIM1- or MC4R-expressing neurons or 2) selective re-expression of BRS3 from a null background in these neurons. RESULTS The deletion of BRS3 in MC4R neurons increased body weight/adiposity, metabolic efficiency, and food intake, and reduced insulin sensitivity. BRS3 re-expression in these neurons caused partial or no reversal of these traits. However, these observations were confounded by an obesity phenotype caused by the Mc4r-Cre allele, independent of its recombinase activity. The deletion of BRS3 in SIM1 neurons increased body weight/adiposity and food intake, but not to the levels of the global null. The re-expression of BRS3 in SIM1 neurons reduced body weight/adiposity and food intake, but not to wild type levels. The deletion of BRS3 in either MC4R- or SIM1-expressing neurons affected body temperature, with re-expression in either population reversing the null phenotype. MK-5046, a BRS3 agonist, increases light phase body temperature in wild type, but not Brs3 null, mice and BRS3 re-expression in either population restored response to MK-5046. CONCLUSIONS BRS3 in both MC4R- and SIM1-expressing neurons contributes to regulation of body weight/adiposity, insulin sensitivity, food intake, and body temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cuiying Xiao
- Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Obesity Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Naili Liu
- Mouse Metabolism Core, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Haley Province
- Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Obesity Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Ramón A Piñol
- Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Obesity Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Oksana Gavrilova
- Mouse Metabolism Core, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Marc L Reitman
- Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Obesity Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
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12
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Bombesin Receptor Subtype-3 in Human Diseases. Arch Med Res 2020; 50:463-467. [PMID: 31911345 DOI: 10.1016/j.arcmed.2019.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2019] [Revised: 11/11/2019] [Accepted: 11/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
This review summarizes the recent findings of the roles of bombesin receptor subtype-3 (BRS-3) in various patho-physiological conditions. Studies have demonstrated that two mammalians bombesin-like peptides, GRP and NMB, exhibit a large range of functions by binding to three receptors. Knockout studies showed that the mice BRS-3 has important effects on tumor growth, energy homeostasis, glucose regulation, satiety, and lung development (1,7). BRS-3 is an orphan receptor whose natural ligand is unknown. However, several agonists and antagonists have been synthesized which facilitate its characterization, (D-Tyr6, β-Ala11, Phe13, Nle14) Bn-(6-14) and MK-5046 are agonists, whereas ML-18 and Bantag-1 are antagonists. With the development of several selective, high-affinity BRS-3 agonists and antagonists, recent studies provided some insights into the biological effects of BRS-3 in several disease states including lung cancer, obesity, diabetes mellitus, asthma, and kidney diseases.
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13
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Chen T, Zhang Y, Fu Z, Huang W. Cyclopropanation of Fluorinated Sulfur Ylides with 1‐Azadienes: Facile Synthesis of CF
3
‐Substituted Spiro Scaffolds. ASIAN J ORG CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ajoc.201900651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Tao Chen
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics & Institute of Advanced Materials Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced MaterialsNanjing Tech University 30 South Puzhu Road Nanjing 211816 China
| | - Ye Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics & Institute of Advanced Materials Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced MaterialsNanjing Tech University 30 South Puzhu Road Nanjing 211816 China
| | - Zhenqian Fu
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics & Institute of Advanced Materials Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced MaterialsNanjing Tech University 30 South Puzhu Road Nanjing 211816 China
- Shaanxi Institute of Flexible Electronics (SIFE)Northwestern Polytechnical University (NPU) 127 West Youyi Road Xi'an 710072 China
| | - Wei Huang
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics & Institute of Advanced Materials Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced MaterialsNanjing Tech University 30 South Puzhu Road Nanjing 211816 China
- Shaanxi Institute of Flexible Electronics (SIFE)Northwestern Polytechnical University (NPU) 127 West Youyi Road Xi'an 710072 China
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14
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Ramos-Alvarez I, Lee L, Mantey SA, Jensen RT. Development and Characterization of a Novel, High-Affinity, Specific, Radiolabeled Ligand for BRS-3 Receptors. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2019; 369:454-465. [PMID: 30971479 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.118.255141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2018] [Accepted: 04/05/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Bombesin (Bn) receptor subtype 3(BRS-3) is an orphan G-protein-coupled receptor of the Bn family, which does not bind any natural Bn peptide with high affinity. Receptor knockout studies show that the animals develop diabetes, obesity, altered temperature control, and other central nervous system (CNS)/endocrine/gastrointestinal changes. It is present in CNS, peripheral tissues, and tumors; however, its role in normal physiology/pathophysiology, as well as its receptor localization/pharmacology is largely unknown, in part due to the lack of a convenient, specific, direct radiolabeled ligand. This study was designed to address this problem and to develop and characterize a specific radiolabeled ligand for BRS-3. The peptide antagonist Bantag-1 had >10,000-fold selectivity for human BRS-3 (hBRS-3) over other mammalian Bn receptors (BnRs) [i.e., gastrin-releasing peptide receptor (GRPR) and neuromedin B receptor (NMBR)]. Using iodogen and basic conditions, it was radiolabeled to high specific activity (2200 Ci/mmol) and found to bind with high affinity/specificity to hBRS-3. Binding was saturable, rapid, and reversible. The ligand only interacted with known BRS-3 ligands, and not with other specific GRPR/NMBR ligands or ligands for unrelated receptors. The magnitude of 125I-Bantag-1 binding correlated with BRS-3 mRNA expression and the magnitude of activation of phospholipase C in lung cancer cells, as well as readily identifying BRS-3 in lung cancer cells and normal tissues, allowing the direct assessment of BRS-3 receptor pharmacology/numbers on cells containing BRS-3 with other BnRs, which is usually the case. This circumvents the need for subtraction assays, which are now frequently used to assess BRS-3 indirectly using radiolabeled pan-ligands, which interact with all BnRs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Ramos-Alvarez
- Digestive Diseases Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Lingaku Lee
- Digestive Diseases Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Samuel A Mantey
- Digestive Diseases Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Robert T Jensen
- Digestive Diseases Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
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15
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Cyr P, Flynn-Robitaille J, Boissarie P, Marinier A. Mild and Diazo-Free Synthesis of Trifluoromethyl-Cyclopropanes Using Sulfonium Ylides. Org Lett 2019; 21:2265-2268. [PMID: 30883143 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.9b00557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The synthesis of several 1,1-disubstituted trifluoromethyl-cyclopropanes (TFCPs), known as tert-butyl bioisosteres, has been achieved from the reaction between trifluoromethylalkenes and unstabilized sulfonium ylides in yields of ≤97%. This method offers practical access to this cyclopropyl moiety of pharmacological interest, employing a commercially available reagent at low temperatures. The synthesis of cyclopropanes bearing other electron-withdrawing groups as well as trisubstituted TFCPs was also accomplished.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Cyr
- Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Research in Immunology and Cancer , Université de Montréal , Montreal , QC H3C 3J7 , Canada
| | - Joël Flynn-Robitaille
- Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Research in Immunology and Cancer , Université de Montréal , Montreal , QC H3C 3J7 , Canada
| | - Patrick Boissarie
- Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Research in Immunology and Cancer , Université de Montréal , Montreal , QC H3C 3J7 , Canada
| | - Anne Marinier
- Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Research in Immunology and Cancer , Université de Montréal , Montreal , QC H3C 3J7 , Canada.,Département de chimie, Faculté des Arts et Sciences , Université de Montréal , Montreal , QC H3C 3J7 , Canada.,Département de pharmacologie, Faculté de Médecine , Université de Montréal , Montreal , QC H3C 3J7 , Canada
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16
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Piñol RA, Zahler SH, Li C, Saha A, Tan BK, Škop V, Gavrilova O, Xiao C, Krashes MJ, Reitman ML. Brs3 neurons in the mouse dorsomedial hypothalamus regulate body temperature, energy expenditure, and heart rate, but not food intake. Nat Neurosci 2018; 21:1530-1540. [PMID: 30349101 PMCID: PMC6203600 DOI: 10.1038/s41593-018-0249-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2017] [Accepted: 08/28/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Bombesin-like receptor 3 (BRS3) is an orphan G protein-coupled receptor that regulates energy homeostasis and heart rate. We report that acute activation of Brs3-expressing neurons in the dorsomedial hypothalamus (DMHBrs3) increased body temperature (Tb), brown adipose tissue temperature, energy expenditure, heart rate and blood pressure, with no effect on food intake or physical activity. Conversely, activation of Brs3 neurons in the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus (PVHBrs3) had no effect on Tb or energy expenditure, but suppressed food intake. Inhibition of DMHBrs3 neurons decreased Tb and energy expenditure, suggesting a necessary role in Tb regulation. We found that the preoptic area provides major input (excitatory and inhibitory) to DMHBrs3 neurons. Optogenetic stimulation of DMHBrs3 projections to the raphe pallidus (RPa) increased Tb. Thus, DMHBrs3→RPa neurons regulate Tb, energy expenditure and heart rate, and PVHBrs3 neurons regulate food intake. Brs3 expression is a useful marker for delineating energy metabolism regulatory circuitry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramón A Piñol
- Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Obesity Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
| | - Sebastian H Zahler
- Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Obesity Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Chia Li
- Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Obesity Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Atreyi Saha
- Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Obesity Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Brandon K Tan
- Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Obesity Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Vojtěch Škop
- Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Obesity Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Oksana Gavrilova
- Mouse Metabolism Core, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Cuiying Xiao
- Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Obesity Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Michael J Krashes
- Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Obesity Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Marc L Reitman
- Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Obesity Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
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17
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Moreno-Villegas Z, Martín-Duce A, Aparicio C, Portal-Núñez S, Sanz R, Mantey SA, Jensen RT, Lorenzo O, Egido J, González N. Activation of bombesin receptor Subtype-3 by [D-Tyr 6,β-Ala 11,Phe 13,Nle 14]bombesin 6-14 increased glucose uptake and lipogenesis in human and rat adipocytes. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2018; 474:10-19. [PMID: 29402494 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2018.01.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2017] [Revised: 12/20/2017] [Accepted: 01/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BRS-3 has an important role in glucose homeostasis. Its expression was reduced in skeletal muscle from obese and/or diabetic patients, and BRS-3 KO-mice developed obesity. In this work, focused on rat/human adipose tissue, BRS-3 gene-expression was lower than normal-levels in hyperlipidemic, type-2-diabetic (T2D), and type-1-diabetic rats and also in obese (OB) and T2D patients. Moreover, BRS-3 protein levels were decreased in diabetic rat and in obese and diabetic human fat pieces; but neither mutation nor even polymorphism in the BRS-3-gene was found in OB or T2D patients. Interestingly, in rat and human adipocytes, without metabolic alterations, [D-Tyr6,β-Ala11,Phe13,Nle14]bombesin6-14 -BRS-3-agonist-, as insulin, enhanced BRS-3 gene/protein expression, increased, PKB, p70s6K, MAPKs and p90RSK1 phosphorylation-levels, and induced a concentration-related stimulation of glucose transport, GLUT-4 membrane translocation and lipogenesis, exclusively mediated by BRS-3, and abolished by wortmannin, PD98059 or rapamacyn. These results confirm that BRS-3 and/or its agonist are a potential therapeutic tool for obesity/diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zaida Moreno-Villegas
- Renal, Vascular and Diabetes Research Laboratory, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria-Fundación Jiménez Díaz (IIS-FJD), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Antonio Martín-Duce
- Department of Nursery, Unit of Surgery, Universidad de Alcalá, Madrid, Spain
| | - César Aparicio
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Hospital Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Madrid, Spain
| | - Sergio Portal-Núñez
- Bone and Joint Research Unit, IIS-FJD, Madrid, Spain; Applied Molecular Medicine Institute, School of Medicine, Universidad San Pablo CEU, CEU Universities, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Samuel A Mantey
- National Institutes of Health, Cell Biology Section, NIDDK, Digestive Disease Branch, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Robert T Jensen
- National Institutes of Health, Cell Biology Section, NIDDK, Digestive Disease Branch, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Oscar Lorenzo
- Renal, Vascular and Diabetes Research Laboratory, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria-Fundación Jiménez Díaz (IIS-FJD), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain; Spanish Biomedical Research Network in Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Disorders (CIBERDEM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Jesús Egido
- Renal, Vascular and Diabetes Research Laboratory, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria-Fundación Jiménez Díaz (IIS-FJD), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain; Spanish Biomedical Research Network in Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Disorders (CIBERDEM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Nieves González
- Renal, Vascular and Diabetes Research Laboratory, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria-Fundación Jiménez Díaz (IIS-FJD), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain; Spanish Biomedical Research Network in Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Disorders (CIBERDEM), Madrid, Spain.
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18
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Moreno P, Mantey SA, Lee SH, Ramos-Álvarez I, Moody TW, Jensen RT. A possible new target in lung-cancer cells: The orphan receptor, bombesin receptor subtype-3. Peptides 2018; 101:213-226. [PMID: 29410320 PMCID: PMC6159918 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2018.01.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2017] [Revised: 01/27/2018] [Accepted: 01/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Human bombesin receptors, GRPR and NMBR, are two of the most frequently overexpressed G-protein-coupled-receptors by lung-cancers. Recently, GRPR/NMBR are receiving considerable attention because they act as growth factor receptors often in an autocrine manner in different lung-cancers, affect tumor angiogenesis, their inhibition increases the cytotoxic potency of tyrosine-kinase inhibitors reducing lung-cancer cellular resistance/survival and their overexpression can be used for sensitive tumor localization as well as to target cytotoxic agents to the cancer. The orphan BRS-3-receptor, because of homology is classified as a bombesin receptor but has received little attention, despite the fact that it is also reported in a number of studies in lung-cancer cells and has growth effects in these cells. To address its potential importance, in this study, we examined the frequency/relative quantitative expression of human BRS-3 compared to GRPR/NMBR and the effects of its activation on cell-signaling/growth in 13 different human lung-cancer cell-lines. Our results showed that BRS-3 receptor is expressed in 92% of the cell-lines and that it is functional in these cells, because its activation stimulates phospholipase-C with breakdown of phosphoinositides and changes in cytosolic calcium, stimulates ERK/MAPK and stimulates cell growth by EGFR transactivation in some, but not all, the lung-cancer cell-lines. These results suggest that human BRS-3, similar to GRPR/NMBR, is frequently ectopically-expressed by lung-cancer cells in which, it is functional, affecting cell signaling/growth. These results suggest that similar to GRPR/NMBR, BRS-3 should receive increased attention as possible approach for the development of novel treatments and/or diagnosis in lung-cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Moreno
- Department of Health and Human Services, Digestive Diseases Branch, NIDDK, United States
| | - Samuel A Mantey
- Department of Health and Human Services, Digestive Diseases Branch, NIDDK, United States
| | - Suk H Lee
- Department of Health and Human Services, Digestive Diseases Branch, NIDDK, United States
| | - Irene Ramos-Álvarez
- Department of Health and Human Services, Digestive Diseases Branch, NIDDK, United States
| | - Terry W Moody
- Center for Cancer Research, Office of the Director, NCI, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892-1804, United States
| | - Robert T Jensen
- Department of Health and Human Services, Digestive Diseases Branch, NIDDK, United States.
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19
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Meanwell NA. Fluorine and Fluorinated Motifs in the Design and Application of Bioisosteres for Drug Design. J Med Chem 2018; 61:5822-5880. [PMID: 29400967 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.7b01788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1358] [Impact Index Per Article: 226.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The electronic properties and relatively small size of fluorine endow it with considerable versatility as a bioisostere and it has found application as a substitute for lone pairs of electrons, the hydrogen atom, and the methyl group while also acting as a functional mimetic of the carbonyl, carbinol, and nitrile moieties. In this context, fluorine substitution can influence the potency, conformation, metabolism, membrane permeability, and P-gp recognition of a molecule and temper inhibition of the hERG channel by basic amines. However, as a consequence of the unique properties of fluorine, it features prominently in the design of higher order structural metaphors that are more esoteric in their conception and which reflect a more sophisticated molecular construction that broadens biological mimesis. In this Perspective, applications of fluorine in the construction of bioisosteric elements designed to enhance the in vitro and in vivo properties of a molecule are summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas A Meanwell
- Discovery Chemistry and Molecular Technologies Bristol-Myers Squibb Research and Development P.O. Box 4000, Princeton , New Jersey 08543-4000 , United States
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20
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Xu X, Min QQ, Li N, Liu F. Visible light-promoted umpolung coupling of aryl tri-/difluoroethanones with 2-alkenylpyridines. Chem Commun (Camb) 2018; 54:11017-11020. [DOI: 10.1039/c8cc06748a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
A metal-free, mild, and simple protocol is developed for the synthesis of tertiary alcohols bearing tri-/difluoromethyl groups upon visible-light irradiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Xu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases and Department of Medicinal Chemistry
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Soochow University
- Suzhou
- People's Republic of China
| | - Qing-Qiang Min
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases and Department of Medicinal Chemistry
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Soochow University
- Suzhou
- People's Republic of China
| | - Na Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases and Department of Medicinal Chemistry
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Soochow University
- Suzhou
- People's Republic of China
| | - Feng Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases and Department of Medicinal Chemistry
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Soochow University
- Suzhou
- People's Republic of China
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21
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Maruyama M, Hotta N, Nio Y, Hamagami K, Nagi T, Funata M, Sakamoto J, Nakakariya M, Amano N, Nishida M, Okawa T, Arikawa Y, Sasaki S, Kasai S, Nagisa Y, Habata Y, Mori M. Bombesin receptor subtype-3-expressing neurons regulate energy homeostasis through a novel neuronal pathway in the hypothalamus. Brain Behav 2018; 8:e00881. [PMID: 29568682 PMCID: PMC5853643 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2017] [Revised: 10/16/2017] [Accepted: 10/19/2017] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Bombesin receptor subtype-3 (BRS-3) has been suggested to play a potential role in energy homeostasis. However, the physiological mechanism of BRS-3 on energy homeostasis remains unknown. Thus, we investigated the BRS-3-mediated neuronal pathway involved in food intake and energy expenditure. MATERIALS AND METHODS Expression of BRS-3 in the rat brain was histologically examined. The BRS-3 neurons activated by refeeding-induced satiety or a BRS-3 agonist were identified by c-Fos immunostaining. We also analyzed expression changes in feeding-relating peptides in the brain of fasted rats administered with the BRS-3 agonist. RESULTS In the paraventricular hypothalamic nucleus (PVH), dorsomedial hypothalamic nucleus (DMH), and medial preoptic area (MPA), strong c-Fos induction was observed in the BRS-3 neurons especially in PVH after refeeding. However, the BRS-3 neurons in the PVH did not express feeding-regulating peptides, while the BRS-3 agonist administration induced c-Fos expression in the DMH and MPA, which were not refeeding-sensitive, as well as in the PVH. The BRS-3 agonist administration changed the Pomc and Cart mRNA level in several brain regions of fasted rats. CONCLUSION These results suggest that BRS-3 neurons in the PVH are a novel functional subdivision in the PVH that regulates feeding behavior. As the MPA and DMH are reportedly involved in thermoregulation and energy metabolism, the BRS-3 neurons in the MPA/DMH might mediate the energy expenditure control. POMC and CART may contribute to BRS-3 neuron-mediated energy homeostasis regulation. In summary, BRS-3-expressing neurons could regulate energy homeostasis through a novel neuronal pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minoru Maruyama
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Drug Discovery Unit Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited Kanagawa Japan
| | - Natsu Hotta
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Drug Discovery Unit Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited Kanagawa Japan
| | - Yasunori Nio
- Extra Value Generation & General Medicine Drug Discovery Unit Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited Kanagawa Japan
| | - Kenichi Hamagami
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Drug Discovery Unit Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited Kanagawa Japan
| | - Toshimi Nagi
- Central Nervous System Drug Discovery Unit Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited Kanagawa Japan
| | - Masaaki Funata
- Biomolecular Research Laboratories Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited Kanagawa Japan
| | - Junichi Sakamoto
- Biomolecular Research Laboratories Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited Kanagawa Japan
| | - Masanori Nakakariya
- Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics Research LaboratoriesTakeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited Kanagawa Japan
| | - Nobuyuki Amano
- Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics Research LaboratoriesTakeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited Kanagawa Japan
| | - Mayumi Nishida
- Integrated Technology Research Laboratories Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited Kanagawa Japan
| | - Tomohiro Okawa
- Central Nervous System Drug Discovery Unit Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited Kanagawa Japan
| | - Yasuyoshi Arikawa
- Central Nervous System Drug Discovery Unit Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited Kanagawa Japan
| | - Shinobu Sasaki
- Medicinal Chemistry Research Laboratories Pharmaceutical Research Division Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited Kanagawa Japan
| | - Shizuo Kasai
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Drug Discovery Unit Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited Kanagawa Japan
| | - Yasutaka Nagisa
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Drug Discovery Unit Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited Kanagawa Japan.,Present address: CVM Marketing Japan Pharma Business UnitTakeda Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd.12-10, Nihonbashi 2-Chome, Chuo-ku Tokyo 103-8686 Japan
| | - Yugo Habata
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Drug Discovery Unit Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited Kanagawa Japan.,Present address: Foods & Nutrients Yamanashi Gakuin Junior College Sakaori 2-4-5, Kofu Yamanashi 400-8575 Japan
| | - Masaaki Mori
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Drug Discovery Unit Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited Kanagawa Japan
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22
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Bombesin-like receptor 3 (Brs3) expression in glutamatergic, but not GABAergic, neurons is required for regulation of energy metabolism. Mol Metab 2017; 6:1540-1550. [PMID: 29107299 PMCID: PMC5681273 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2017.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2017] [Revised: 08/24/2017] [Accepted: 08/28/2017] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Bombesin-like receptor 3 (BRS-3) is an orphan G protein-coupled receptor. Brs3 null mice have reduced resting metabolic rate and body temperature, increased food intake, and obesity. Here we study the role of Brs3 in different neuron types. Methods Mice able to undergo Cre recombinase-dependent inactivation or re-expression of Brs3 were generated, respectively Brs3fl/y and Brs3loxTB/y. We then studied four groups of mice with Brs3 selectively inactivated or re-expressed in cells expressing Vglut2-Cre or Vgat-Cre. Results Deletion of Brs3 in glutamatergic neurons expressing Vglut2 reproduced the global null phenotype for regulation of food intake, metabolic rate, body temperature, adiposity, and insulin resistance. These mice also no longer responded to a BRS-3 agonist, MK-5046. In contrast, deletion of Brs3 in GABAergic neurons produced no detectable phenotype. Conversely, the wild type phenotype was restored by selective re-expression of Brs3 in glutamatergic neurons, with no normalization achieved by re-expressing Brs3 in GABAergic neurons. Conclusions Brs3 expression in glutamatergic neurons is both necessary and sufficient for full Brs3 function in energy metabolism. In these experiments, no function was identified for Brs3 in GABAergic neurons. The data suggest that the anti-obesity pharmacologic actions of BRS-3 agonists occur via agonism of receptors on glutamatergic neurons. Brs3 in glutamatergic neurons regulates food intake, metabolic rate, and body weight. Brs3 in glutamatergic neurons is both necessary and sufficient for these functions. No phenotypes were identified by Brs3 loss or re-expression in GABAergic neurons. BRS-3 agonists likely act on glutamatergic neurons for their anti-obesity effects.
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Kiyotsuka Y, Shimada K, Kobayashi S, Suzuki M, Akiu M, Asano M, Sogawa Y, Hara T, Konishi M, Abe-Ohya R, Izumi M, Nagai Y, Yoshida K, Abe Y, Takamori H, Takahashi H. Synthesis and biological evaluation of novel imidazol-1-ylacetic acid derivatives as non-brain penetrant bombesin receptor subtype-3 (BRS-3) agonists. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2016; 26:4205-10. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2016.07.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2016] [Revised: 06/21/2016] [Accepted: 07/23/2016] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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Nakamura T, Ramos-Álvarez I, Iordanskaia T, Moreno P, Mantey SA, Jensen RT. Molecular basis for high affinity and selectivity of peptide antagonist, Bantag-1, for the orphan BB3 receptor. Biochem Pharmacol 2016; 115:64-76. [PMID: 27346274 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2016.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2016] [Accepted: 06/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Bombesin-receptor-subtype-3 (BB3 receptor) is a G-protein-coupled-orphan-receptor classified in the mammalian Bombesin-family because of high homology to gastrin-releasing peptide (BB2 receptor)/neuromedin-B receptors (BB1 receptor). There is increased interest in BB3 receptor because studies primarily from knockout-mice suggest it plays roles in energy/glucose metabolism, insulin-secretion, as well as motility and tumor-growth. Investigations into its roles in physiological/pathophysiological processes are limited because of lack of selective ligands. Recently, a selective, peptide-antagonist, Bantag-1, was described. However, because BB3 receptor has low-affinity for all natural, Bn-related peptides, little is known of the molecular basis of its high-affinity/selectivity. This was systematically investigated in this study for Bantag-1 using a chimeric-approach making both Bantag-1 loss-/gain-of-affinity-chimeras, by exchanging extracellular (EC) domains of BB3/BB2 receptor, and using site-directed-mutagenesis. Receptors were transiently expressed and affinities determined by binding studies. Bantag-1 had >5000-fold selectivity for BB3 receptor over BB2/BB1 receptors and substitution of the first EC-domain (EC1) in loss-/gain-of affinity-chimeras greatly affected affinity. Mutagenesis of each amino acid difference in EC1 between BB3 receptor/BB2 receptor showed replacement of His(107) in BB3 receptor by Lys(107) (H107K-BB3 receptor-mutant) from BB2 receptor, decreased affinity 60-fold, and three replacements [H107K, E11D, G112R] decreased affinity 500-fold. Mutagenesis in EC1's surrounding transmembrane-regions (TMs) demonstrated TM2 differences were not important, but R127Q in TM3 alone decreased affinity 400-fold. Additional mutants in EC1/TM3 explored the molecular basis for these changes demonstrated in EC1, particularly important is the presence of aromatic-interactions by His(107), rather than hydrogen-bonding or charge-charge interactions, for determining Bantag-1 high affinity/selectivity. In regard to Arg(127) in TM3, both hydrogen-bonding and charge-charge interactions contribute to the high-affinity/selectivity for Bantag-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taichi Nakamura
- Digestive Diseases Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892-1804, USA
| | - Irene Ramos-Álvarez
- Digestive Diseases Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892-1804, USA
| | - Tatiana Iordanskaia
- Digestive Diseases Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892-1804, USA
| | - Paola Moreno
- Digestive Diseases Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892-1804, USA
| | - Samuel A Mantey
- Digestive Diseases Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892-1804, USA
| | - R T Jensen
- Digestive Diseases Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892-1804, USA.
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Nowroozi A, Shahlaei M. A coupling of homology modeling with multiple molecular dynamics simulation for identifying representative conformation of GPCR structures: a case study on human bombesin receptor subtype-3. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2016; 35:250-272. [DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2016.1140593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Amin Nowroozi
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, School of Pharmacy, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Mohsen Shahlaei
- Nano Drug Delivery Research Center, School of Pharmacy, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
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Lateef DM, Xiao C, Brychta RJ, Diedrich A, Schnermann J, Reitman ML. Bombesin-like receptor 3 regulates blood pressure and heart rate via a central sympathetic mechanism. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2016; 310:H891-8. [PMID: 26801314 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00963.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2015] [Accepted: 01/22/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Bombesin-like receptor 3 (BRS-3) is an orphan G protein-coupled receptor that regulates energy expenditure, food intake, and body weight. We examined the effects of BRS-3 deletion and activation on blood pressure and heart rate. In free-living, telemetered Brs3 null mice the resting heart rate was 10% lower than wild-type controls, while the resting mean arterial pressure was unchanged. During physical activity, the heart rate and blood pressure increased more in Brs3 null mice, reaching a similar heart rate and higher mean arterial pressure than control mice. When sympathetic input was blocked with propranolol, the heart rate of Brs3 null mice was unchanged, while the heart rate in control mice was reduced to the level of the null mice. The intrinsic heart rate, measured after both sympathetic and parasympathetic blockade, was similar in Brs3 null and control mice. Intravenous infusion of the BRS-3 agonist MK-5046 increased mean arterial pressure and heart rate in wild-type but not in Brs3 null mice, and this increase was blocked by pretreatment with clonidine, a sympatholytic, centrally acting α2-adrenergic agonist. In anesthetized mice, hypothalamic infusion of MK-5046 also increased both mean arterial pressure and heart rate. Taken together, these data demonstrate that BRS-3 contributes to resting cardiac sympathetic tone, but is not required for activity-induced increases in heart rate and blood pressure. The data suggest that BRS-3 activation increases heart rate and blood pressure via a central sympathetic mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dalya M Lateef
- Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Obesity Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Cuiying Xiao
- Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Obesity Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Robert J Brychta
- Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Obesity Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - André Diedrich
- Autonomic Dysfunction Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee; and
| | - Jurgen Schnermann
- Kidney Diseases Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Marc L Reitman
- Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Obesity Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland;
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Ramos-Álvarez I, Nakamura T, Mantey SA, Moreno P, Nuche-Berenguer B, Jensen RT. Novel chiral-diazepines function as specific, selective receptor agonists with variable coupling and species variability in human, mouse and rat BRS-3 receptor cells. Peptides 2016; 75:8-17. [PMID: 26524625 PMCID: PMC5461819 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2015.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2015] [Revised: 10/11/2015] [Accepted: 10/26/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Bombesin receptor subtype-3 (BRS-3) is an orphan G-protein coupled receptor which is classified in the bombesin receptor (BnR) family with which it shares high homology. It is present widely in the central nervous system and peripheral tissues and primarily receptor-knockout studies suggest it is involved in metabolic-glucose-insulin homeostasis, feeding and other CNS behaviors, gastrointestinal motility and cancer growth. However, the role of BRS-3 physiologically or in pathologic disorders has been not well defined because the natural ligand is unknown. Until recently, no selective agonists/antagonists were available; however, recently synthetic high-affinity agonists, chiral-diazepines nonpeptide-analogs (3F, 9D, 9F, 9G) with low CNS penetrance, were described, but are not well-categorized pharmacologically or in different labarotory species. The present study characterizes the affinities, potencies, selectivities of the chiral-diazepine BRS-3 agonists in human and rodents (mice,rat). In human BRS-3 receptors, the relative affinities of the chiral-diazepines was 9G>9D>9F>3F; each was selective for BRS-3. For stimulating PLC activity, in h-BRS-3 each of the four chiral diazepine analogs was fully efficacious and their relative potencies were: 9G (EC50: 9 nM)>9D (EC50: 9.4 nM)>9F (EC50: 39 nM)>3F (EC50: 48 nM). None of the four chiral diazepine analogs activated r,m,h-GRPR/NMBR. The nonpeptide agonists showed marked differences from each other and a peptide agonist in receptor-coupling-stiochiometry and in affinities/potencies in different species. These results demonstrate that chiral diazepine analogs (9G, 9D, 9F, 3F) have high/affinity/potency for the BRS-3 receptor in human and rodent cells, but different coupling-relationships and species differences from a peptide agonist.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Ramos-Álvarez
- Digestive Diseases Branch, NIDDK, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892-1804, United States
| | - Taichi Nakamura
- Digestive Diseases Branch, NIDDK, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892-1804, United States
| | - Samuel A Mantey
- Digestive Diseases Branch, NIDDK, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892-1804, United States
| | - Paola Moreno
- Digestive Diseases Branch, NIDDK, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892-1804, United States
| | - Bernardo Nuche-Berenguer
- Digestive Diseases Branch, NIDDK, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892-1804, United States
| | - Robert T Jensen
- Digestive Diseases Branch, NIDDK, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892-1804, United States.
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Ramos-Álvarez I, Moreno P, Mantey SA, Nakamura T, Nuche-Berenguer B, Moody TW, Coy DH, Jensen RT. Insights into bombesin receptors and ligands: Highlighting recent advances. Peptides 2015; 72:128-44. [PMID: 25976083 PMCID: PMC4641779 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2015.04.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2015] [Revised: 04/29/2015] [Accepted: 04/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
This following article is written for Prof. Abba Kastin's Festschrift, to add to the tribute to his important role in the advancement of the role of peptides in physiological, as well as pathophysiological processes. There have been many advances during the 35 years of his prominent role in the Peptide field, not only as editor of the journal Peptides, but also as a scientific investigator and editor of two volumes of the Handbook of Biological Active Peptides [146,147]. Similar to the advances with many different peptides, during this 35 year period, there have been much progress made in the understanding of the pharmacology, cell biology and the role of (bombesin) Bn receptors and their ligands in various disease states, since the original isolation of bombesin from skin of the European frog Bombina bombina in 1970 [76]. This paper will briefly review some of these advances over the time period of Prof. Kastin 35 years in the peptide field concentrating on the advances since 2007 when many of the results from earlier studies were summarized [128,129]. It is appropriate to do this because there have been 280 articles published in Peptides during this time on bombesin-related peptides and it accounts for almost 5% of all publications. Furthermore, 22 Bn publications we have been involved in have been published in either Peptides [14,39,55,58,81,92,93,119,152,216,225,226,231,280,302,309,355,361,362] or in Prof. Kastin's Handbook of Biological Active Peptides [137,138,331].
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Ramos-Álvarez
- Digestive Diseases Branch, NIDDK, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892-1804, United States
| | - Paola Moreno
- Digestive Diseases Branch, NIDDK, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892-1804, United States
| | - Samuel A Mantey
- Digestive Diseases Branch, NIDDK, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892-1804, United States
| | - Taichi Nakamura
- Digestive Diseases Branch, NIDDK, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892-1804, United States
| | - Bernardo Nuche-Berenguer
- Digestive Diseases Branch, NIDDK, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892-1804, United States
| | - Terry W Moody
- Center for Cancer Research, Office of the Director, NCI, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892-1804, United States
| | - David H Coy
- Peptide Research Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Tulane University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA 70112-2699, United States
| | - Robert T Jensen
- Digestive Diseases Branch, NIDDK, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892-1804, United States.
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González N, Moreno P, Jensen RT. Bombesin receptor subtype 3 as a potential target for obesity and diabetes. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2015; 19:1153-70. [PMID: 26066663 DOI: 10.1517/14728222.2015.1056154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Diabetes mellitus and obesity are important health issues; increasing in prevalence, both in the USA and globally. There are only limited pharmacological treatments, and although bariatric surgery is effective, new effective pharmacologic treatments would be of great value. This review covers one area of increasing interest that could yield new novel treatments of obesity/diabetes mellitus. It involves recognition of the central role the G-protein-coupled receptor, bombesin receptor subtype 3 (BRS-3) plays in energy/glucose metabolism. AREAS COVERED Since the initial observation that BRS-3 knockout mice develop obesity, hypertension, impaired glucose metabolism and hyperphagia, there have been numerous studies of the mechanisms involved and the development of selective BRS-3 agonists/antagonists, which have marked effects on body weight, feeding and glucose/insulin homeostasis. In this review, each of these areas is briefly reviewed. EXPERT OPINION BRS-3 plays an important role in glucose/energy homeostasis. The development of potent, selective BRS-3 agonists demonstrates promise as a novel approach to treat obesity/diabetic states. One important question that needs to be addressed is whether BRS-3 agonists need to be centrally acting. This is particularly important in light of recent animal and human studies that report transient cardiovascular side effects with centrally acting oral BRS agonists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nieves González
- The Autonomous University of Madrid, IIS-Jiménez Díaz Foundation, Renal, Vascular and Diabetes Research Laboratory, Spanish Biomedical Research Network in Diabetes and, Associated Metabolic Disorders (CIBERDEM) , Madrid , Spain
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30
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Matsufuji T, Shimada K, Kobayashi S, Ichikawa M, Kawamura A, Fujimoto T, Arita T, Hara T, Konishi M, Abe-Ohya R, Izumi M, Sogawa Y, Nagai Y, Yoshida K, Abe Y, Kimura T, Takahashi H. Synthesis and biological evaluation of novel chiral diazepine derivatives as bombesin receptor subtype-3 (BRS-3) agonists incorporating an antedrug approach. Bioorg Med Chem 2014; 23:89-104. [PMID: 25497965 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2014.11.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2014] [Revised: 11/13/2014] [Accepted: 11/14/2014] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Novel compounds based on the lead BRS-3 agonists from our HTS compounds 2a and 2b have been synthesized with the focus on obtaining peripheral BRS-3 agonists. To identify potent anti-obesity compounds without adverse effects on the central nerve system, a labile carboxylic ester with an antedrug functionality was introduced onto the terminal position. Through the extensive synthetic exploration and the pharmacokinetic studies of oral administration in mice, the phenol ester 17c was selected due to the most suitable pharmacological profile. In the evaluation of food intake suppression in B6 mice, 17c showed significant in vivo efficacy and no clear adverse effect on heart rate and blood pressure change in dog iv infusion. Our study paved the way for development of anti-diabetes and obesity drugs with a safer profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tetsuyoshi Matsufuji
- Medicinal Chemistry Research Laboratories, Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd, 1-2-58 Hiromachi, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 140-8710, Japan.
| | - Kousei Shimada
- Medicinal Chemistry Research Laboratories, Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd, 1-2-58 Hiromachi, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 140-8710, Japan
| | - Shozo Kobayashi
- Medicinal Chemistry Research Laboratories, Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd, 1-2-58 Hiromachi, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 140-8710, Japan
| | - Masanori Ichikawa
- Medicinal Chemistry Research Laboratories, Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd, 1-2-58 Hiromachi, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 140-8710, Japan
| | - Asuka Kawamura
- Medicinal Chemistry Research Laboratories, Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd, 1-2-58 Hiromachi, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 140-8710, Japan
| | - Teppei Fujimoto
- Medicinal Chemistry Research Laboratories, Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd, 1-2-58 Hiromachi, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 140-8710, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Arita
- Medicinal Chemistry Research Laboratories, Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd, 1-2-58 Hiromachi, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 140-8710, Japan
| | - Takashi Hara
- Cardiovascular Metabolics Research Laboratories, Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd, 1-2-58 Hiromachi, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 140-8710, Japan
| | - Masahiro Konishi
- Cardiovascular Metabolics Research Laboratories, Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd, 1-2-58 Hiromachi, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 140-8710, Japan
| | - Rie Abe-Ohya
- Cardiovascular Metabolics Research Laboratories, Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd, 1-2-58 Hiromachi, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 140-8710, Japan
| | - Masanori Izumi
- Cardiovascular Metabolics Research Laboratories, Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd, 1-2-58 Hiromachi, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 140-8710, Japan
| | - Yoshitaka Sogawa
- Cardiovascular Metabolics Research Laboratories, Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd, 1-2-58 Hiromachi, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 140-8710, Japan
| | - Yoko Nagai
- Drug Metabolism & Pharmacokinetics Research Laboratories, Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd, 1-2-58 Hiromachi, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 140-8710, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Yoshida
- Drug Metabolism & Pharmacokinetics Research Laboratories, Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd, 1-2-58 Hiromachi, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 140-8710, Japan
| | - Yasuyuki Abe
- Medicinal Safety Research Laboratories, Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd, 1-16-13 Kitakasai, Edogawa-ku, Tokyo 134-8630, Japan
| | - Takako Kimura
- Drug Discovery and Biomedical Technology Unit, Daiichi Sankyo RD NOVARE Co., Ltd, 1-16-13 Kitakasai, Edogawa-ku, Tokyo 134-8630, Japan
| | - Hisashi Takahashi
- Medicinal Chemistry Research Laboratories, Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd, 1-2-58 Hiromachi, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 140-8710, Japan
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Mercadante MA, Kelly CB, Hamlin TA, Delle Chiaie KR, Drago MD, Duffy KK, Dumas MT, Fager DC, Glod BLC, Hansen KE, Hill CR, Leising RM, Lynes CL, MacInnis AE, McGohey MR, Murray SA, Piquette MC, Roy SL, Smith RM, Sullivan KR, Truong BH, Vailonis KM, Gorbatyuk V, Leadbeater NE, Tilley LJ. 1,3-γ-Silyl-elimination in electron-deficient cationic systems. Chem Sci 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4sc01732c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
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32
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Lateef DM, Abreu-Vieira G, Xiao C, Reitman ML. Regulation of body temperature and brown adipose tissue thermogenesis by bombesin receptor subtype-3. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2014; 306:E681-7. [PMID: 24452453 PMCID: PMC3948979 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00615.2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Bombesin receptor subtype-3 (BRS-3) regulates energy homeostasis, with Brs3 knockout (Brs3(-/y)) mice being hypometabolic, hypothermic, and hyperphagic and developing obesity. We now report that the reduced body temperature is more readily detected if body temperature is analyzed as a function of physical activity level and light/dark phase. Physical activity level correlated best with body temperature 4 min later. The Brs3(-/y) metabolic phenotype is not due to intrinsically impaired brown adipose tissue function or in the communication of sympathetic signals from the brain to brown adipose tissue, since Brs3(-/y) mice have intact thermogenic responses to stress, acute cold exposure, and β3-adrenergic activation, and Brs3(-/y) mice prefer a cooler environment. Treatment with the BRS-3 agonist MK-5046 increased brown adipose tissue temperature and body temperature in wild-type but not Brs3(-/y) mice. Intrahypothalamic infusion of MK-5046 increased body temperature. These data indicate that the BRS-3 regulation of body temperature is via a central mechanism, upstream of sympathetic efferents. The reduced body temperature in Brs3(-/y) mice is due to altered regulation of energy homeostasis affecting higher center regulation of body temperature, rather than an intrinsic defect in brown adipose tissue.
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MESH Headings
- Adipose Tissue, Brown/cytology
- Adipose Tissue, Brown/drug effects
- Adipose Tissue, Brown/innervation
- Adipose Tissue, Brown/metabolism
- Adrenergic beta-3 Receptor Agonists/administration & dosage
- Adrenergic beta-3 Receptor Agonists/pharmacology
- Animals
- Body Temperature Regulation/drug effects
- Cold-Shock Response/drug effects
- Crosses, Genetic
- Dioxoles/administration & dosage
- Dioxoles/pharmacology
- Efferent Pathways/drug effects
- Efferent Pathways/metabolism
- Energy Metabolism/drug effects
- Hypothalamus/drug effects
- Hypothalamus/metabolism
- Imidazoles/administration & dosage
- Imidazoles/pharmacology
- Infusions, Intravenous
- Infusions, Intraventricular
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Knockout
- Motor Activity
- Nerve Tissue Proteins/agonists
- Nerve Tissue Proteins/genetics
- Nerve Tissue Proteins/metabolism
- Neurons/drug effects
- Neurons/metabolism
- Pyrazoles/administration & dosage
- Pyrazoles/pharmacology
- Receptors, Bombesin/agonists
- Receptors, Bombesin/genetics
- Receptors, Bombesin/metabolism
- Sympathetic Nervous System/drug effects
- Sympathetic Nervous System/metabolism
- Thermogenesis/drug effects
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Affiliation(s)
- Dalya M Lateef
- Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Obesity Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland; and
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Matsufuji T, Shimada K, Kobayashi S, Kawamura A, Fujimoto T, Arita T, Hara T, Konishi M, Abe-Ohya R, Izumi M, Sogawa Y, Nagai Y, Yoshida K, Takahashi H. Discovery of novel chiral diazepines as bombesin receptor subtype-3 (BRS-3) agonists with low brain penetration. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2014; 24:750-5. [PMID: 24412111 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2013.12.106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2013] [Revised: 12/17/2013] [Accepted: 12/25/2013] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
The discovery and optimization of a novel series of BRS-3 agonists are described. We explored a potent BRS-3 agonist with low brain penetration to avoid an adverse effect derived from central nervous system exposure. Through the derivatization process, chiral diazepines 9f and 9g were identified as possessing low brain penetration as well as potent in vitro activity against human and mouse BRS-3s.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tetsuyoshi Matsufuji
- Medicinal Chemistry Research Laboratories, Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd, 1-2-58 Hiromachi, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 140-8710, Japan.
| | - Kousei Shimada
- Medicinal Chemistry Research Laboratories, Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd, 1-2-58 Hiromachi, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 140-8710, Japan
| | - Shozo Kobayashi
- Medicinal Chemistry Research Laboratories, Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd, 1-2-58 Hiromachi, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 140-8710, Japan
| | - Asuka Kawamura
- Medicinal Chemistry Research Laboratories, Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd, 1-2-58 Hiromachi, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 140-8710, Japan
| | - Teppei Fujimoto
- Medicinal Chemistry Research Laboratories, Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd, 1-2-58 Hiromachi, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 140-8710, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Arita
- Medicinal Chemistry Research Laboratories, Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd, 1-2-58 Hiromachi, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 140-8710, Japan
| | - Takashi Hara
- Cardiovascular Metabolics Research Laboratories, Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd, 1-2-58 Hiromachi, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 140-8710, Japan
| | - Masahiro Konishi
- Cardiovascular Metabolics Research Laboratories, Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd, 1-2-58 Hiromachi, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 140-8710, Japan
| | - Rie Abe-Ohya
- Cardiovascular Metabolics Research Laboratories, Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd, 1-2-58 Hiromachi, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 140-8710, Japan
| | - Masanori Izumi
- Cardiovascular Metabolics Research Laboratories, Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd, 1-2-58 Hiromachi, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 140-8710, Japan
| | - Yoshitaka Sogawa
- Cardiovascular Metabolics Research Laboratories, Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd, 1-2-58 Hiromachi, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 140-8710, Japan
| | - Youko Nagai
- Drug Metabolism & Pharmacokinetics Research Laboratories, Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd, 1-2-58 Hiromachi, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 140-8710, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Yoshida
- Drug Metabolism & Pharmacokinetics Research Laboratories, Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd, 1-2-58 Hiromachi, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 140-8710, Japan
| | - Hisashi Takahashi
- Medicinal Chemistry Research Laboratories, Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd, 1-2-58 Hiromachi, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 140-8710, Japan
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34
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Moreno P, Mantey SA, Nuche-Berenguer B, Reitman ML, González N, Coy DH, Jensen RT. Comparative pharmacology of bombesin receptor subtype-3, nonpeptide agonist MK-5046, a universal peptide agonist, and peptide antagonist Bantag-1 for human bombesin receptors. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2013; 347:100-16. [PMID: 23892571 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.113.206896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Bombesin-receptor-subtype-3 (BRS-3) is an orphan G-protein-coupled receptor of the bombesin (Bn) family whose natural ligand is unknown and which does not bind any natural Bn-peptide with high affinity. It is present in the central nervous system, peripheral tissues, and tumors; however, its role in normal physiology/pathophysiology is largely unknown because of the lack of selective ligands. Recently, MK-5046 [(2S)-1,1,1-trifluoro-2-[4-(1H-pyrazol-1-yl)phenyl]-3-(4-{[1-(trifluoromethyl)cyclopropyl]methyl}-1H-imidazol-2-yl)propan-2-ol] and Bantag-1 [Boc-Phe-His-4-amino-5-cyclohexyl-2,4,5-trideoxypentonyl-Leu-(3-dimethylamino) benzylamide N-methylammonium trifluoroacetate], a nonpeptide agonist and a peptide antagonist, respectively, for BRS-3 have been described, but there have been limited studies on their pharmacology. We studied MK-5046 and Bantag-1 interactions with human Bn-receptors-human bombesin receptor subtype-3 (hBRS-3), gastrin-releasing peptide receptor (GRP-R), and neuromedin B receptor (NMB-R)-and compared them with the nonselective, peptide-agonist [d-Tyr6,βAla11,Phe13,Nle14]Bn-(6-14) (peptide #1). Receptor activation was detected by activation of phospholipase C (PLC), mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), focal adhesion kinase (FAK), paxillin, and Akt. In hBRS-3 cells, the relative affinities were Bantag-1 (1.3 nM) > peptide #1 (2 nM) > MK-5046 (37-160 nM) > GRP, NMB (>10 μM), and the binding-dose-inhibition curves were broad (>4 logs), with Hill coefficients differing significantly from unity. Curve-fitting demonstrated high-affinity (MK-5046, Ki = 0.08 nM) and low-affinity (MK-5046, Ki = 11-29 nM) binding sites. For PLC activation in hBRS-3 cells, the relative potencies were MK-5046 (0.02 nM) > peptide #1 (6 nM) > GRP, NMB, Bantag-1 (>10 μM), and MK-5046 had a biphasic dose response, whereas peptide #1 was monophasic. Bantag-1 was a specific hBRS-3-antagonist. In hBRS-3 cells, MK-5046 was a full agonist for activation of MAPK, FAK, Akt, and paxillin; however, it was a partial agonist for phospholipase A2 (PLA2) activation. The kinetics of activation/duration of action for PLC/MAPK activation of MK-5046 and peptide #1 differed, with peptide #1 causing more rapid stimulation; however, MK-5046 had more prolonged activity. Our study finds that MK-5046 and Bantag-1 have high affinity/selectivity for hBRS-3. The nonpeptide MK-5046 and peptide #1 agonists differ markedly in their receptor coupling, ability to activate different signaling cascades, and kinetics/duration of action. These results show that their hBRS-3 receptor activation is not always concordant and could lead to markedly different cellular responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Moreno
- Digestive Diseases Branch (P.M., S.M., B.N.-B., R.T.J.) and Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Obesity Branch (M.L.R.), National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland; Department of Metabolism, Nutrition and Hormones (N.G.), IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Madrid, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Madrid, Spain; and Peptide Research Laboratories, Department of Medicine, Tulane Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana (D.H.C.)
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35
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Kim S, Lim C, Lee S, Lee S, Cho H, Lee JY, Shim DS, Park HD, Kim S. Column chromatography-free solution-phase synthesis of a natural piper-amide-like compound library. ACS COMBINATORIAL SCIENCE 2013; 15:208-15. [PMID: 23458110 DOI: 10.1021/co400003d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
We have achieved an efficient solution-phase parallel synthesis of a library of natural piper-amide-like compounds from the bifunctional β-phosphono-N-hydroxy-succinimidyl ester intermediate. The primary important feature in our study is the construction of natural-product-like molecules through the adaptation of sophisticated organic reactions that create water-soluble byproducts for a chromatography-free purification. This simple and efficient method rapidly provides a combinatorial library of high yield and purity. The library was evaluated against GPCR targets to demonstrate its potential use as a tool for drug discovery and in chemical biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumin Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu,
Seoul 151-742, Korea
| | - Chaemin Lim
- College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu,
Seoul 151-742, Korea
| | - Sukjin Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu,
Seoul 151-742, Korea
| | - Seokwoo Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu,
Seoul 151-742, Korea
| | - Hyunkyung Cho
- College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu,
Seoul 151-742, Korea
| | - Joo-Youn Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu,
Seoul 151-742, Korea
- Drug Discovery Department, LG Life Sciences, Ltd., R&D Park, 104-1, Munji-dong, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 305-380, Korea
| | - Dong Sup Shim
- Drug Discovery Department, LG Life Sciences, Ltd., R&D Park, 104-1, Munji-dong, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 305-380, Korea
| | - Hee Dong Park
- Drug Discovery Department, LG Life Sciences, Ltd., R&D Park, 104-1, Munji-dong, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 305-380, Korea
| | - Sanghee Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu,
Seoul 151-742, Korea
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36
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Chobanian HR, Guo Y, Liu P, Chioda M, Lanza TJ, Chang L, Kelly TM, Kan Y, Palyha O, Guan XM, Marsh DJ, Metzger JM, Gorski JN, Raustad K, Wang SP, Strack AM, Miller R, Pang J, Madeira M, Lyons K, Dragovic J, Reitman ML, Nargund RP, Lin LS. Discovery of MK-7725, A Potent, Selective Bombesin Receptor Subtype-3 Agonist for the Treatment of Obesity. ACS Med Chem Lett 2012; 3:252-6. [PMID: 24900461 DOI: 10.1021/ml200304j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2011] [Accepted: 01/21/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Extensive structure-activity relationship studies of a series derived from atropisomer 1, a previously described chiral benzodiazepine sulfonamide series, led to a potent, brain penetrant and selective compound with excellent preclinical pharmacokinetic across species. We also describe the utilization of a high throughput mouse pharmacodynamic assay which allowed for expedient assessment of pharmacokinetic and brain distribution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harry R. Chobanian
- Departments
of Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Metabolic Disorders, §Pharmacology, and ∥Drug Metabolism, Merck Research Laboratories, Rahway, New Jersey 07065,
United States
| | - Yan Guo
- Departments
of Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Metabolic Disorders, §Pharmacology, and ∥Drug Metabolism, Merck Research Laboratories, Rahway, New Jersey 07065,
United States
| | - Ping Liu
- Departments
of Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Metabolic Disorders, §Pharmacology, and ∥Drug Metabolism, Merck Research Laboratories, Rahway, New Jersey 07065,
United States
| | - Marc Chioda
- Departments
of Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Metabolic Disorders, §Pharmacology, and ∥Drug Metabolism, Merck Research Laboratories, Rahway, New Jersey 07065,
United States
| | - Thomas J. Lanza
- Departments
of Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Metabolic Disorders, §Pharmacology, and ∥Drug Metabolism, Merck Research Laboratories, Rahway, New Jersey 07065,
United States
| | - Linda Chang
- Departments
of Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Metabolic Disorders, §Pharmacology, and ∥Drug Metabolism, Merck Research Laboratories, Rahway, New Jersey 07065,
United States
| | - Theresa M. Kelly
- Departments
of Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Metabolic Disorders, §Pharmacology, and ∥Drug Metabolism, Merck Research Laboratories, Rahway, New Jersey 07065,
United States
| | - Yanqing Kan
- Departments
of Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Metabolic Disorders, §Pharmacology, and ∥Drug Metabolism, Merck Research Laboratories, Rahway, New Jersey 07065,
United States
| | - Oksana Palyha
- Departments
of Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Metabolic Disorders, §Pharmacology, and ∥Drug Metabolism, Merck Research Laboratories, Rahway, New Jersey 07065,
United States
| | - Xiao-Ming Guan
- Departments
of Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Metabolic Disorders, §Pharmacology, and ∥Drug Metabolism, Merck Research Laboratories, Rahway, New Jersey 07065,
United States
| | - Donald J. Marsh
- Departments
of Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Metabolic Disorders, §Pharmacology, and ∥Drug Metabolism, Merck Research Laboratories, Rahway, New Jersey 07065,
United States
| | - Joseph M. Metzger
- Departments
of Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Metabolic Disorders, §Pharmacology, and ∥Drug Metabolism, Merck Research Laboratories, Rahway, New Jersey 07065,
United States
| | - Judith N. Gorski
- Departments
of Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Metabolic Disorders, §Pharmacology, and ∥Drug Metabolism, Merck Research Laboratories, Rahway, New Jersey 07065,
United States
| | - Kate Raustad
- Departments
of Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Metabolic Disorders, §Pharmacology, and ∥Drug Metabolism, Merck Research Laboratories, Rahway, New Jersey 07065,
United States
| | - Sheng-Ping Wang
- Departments
of Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Metabolic Disorders, §Pharmacology, and ∥Drug Metabolism, Merck Research Laboratories, Rahway, New Jersey 07065,
United States
| | - Alison M. Strack
- Departments
of Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Metabolic Disorders, §Pharmacology, and ∥Drug Metabolism, Merck Research Laboratories, Rahway, New Jersey 07065,
United States
| | - Randy Miller
- Departments
of Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Metabolic Disorders, §Pharmacology, and ∥Drug Metabolism, Merck Research Laboratories, Rahway, New Jersey 07065,
United States
| | - Jianmei Pang
- Departments
of Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Metabolic Disorders, §Pharmacology, and ∥Drug Metabolism, Merck Research Laboratories, Rahway, New Jersey 07065,
United States
| | - Maria Madeira
- Departments
of Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Metabolic Disorders, §Pharmacology, and ∥Drug Metabolism, Merck Research Laboratories, Rahway, New Jersey 07065,
United States
| | - Kathy Lyons
- Departments
of Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Metabolic Disorders, §Pharmacology, and ∥Drug Metabolism, Merck Research Laboratories, Rahway, New Jersey 07065,
United States
| | - Jasminka Dragovic
- Departments
of Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Metabolic Disorders, §Pharmacology, and ∥Drug Metabolism, Merck Research Laboratories, Rahway, New Jersey 07065,
United States
| | - Marc L. Reitman
- Departments
of Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Metabolic Disorders, §Pharmacology, and ∥Drug Metabolism, Merck Research Laboratories, Rahway, New Jersey 07065,
United States
| | - Ravi P. Nargund
- Departments
of Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Metabolic Disorders, §Pharmacology, and ∥Drug Metabolism, Merck Research Laboratories, Rahway, New Jersey 07065,
United States
| | - Linus S. Lin
- Departments
of Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Metabolic Disorders, §Pharmacology, and ∥Drug Metabolism, Merck Research Laboratories, Rahway, New Jersey 07065,
United States
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37
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Kokotos CG. Construction of Tertiary Alcohols Bearing Perfluoroalkyl Chains Catalyzed by Prolinamide-Thioureas. J Org Chem 2012; 77:1131-5. [DOI: 10.1021/jo2020104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Christoforos G. Kokotos
- Laboratory
of Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis, Athens 15771,
Greece
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38
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Reitman ML, Dishy V, Moreau A, Denney WS, Liu C, Kraft WK, Mejia AV, Matson MA, Stoch SA, Wagner JA, Lai E. Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of MK-5046, a bombesin receptor subtype-3 (BRS-3) agonist, in healthy patients. J Clin Pharmacol 2011; 52:1306-16. [PMID: 22162541 DOI: 10.1177/0091270011419854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
MK-5046 is an orally active, potent, selective agonist of the orphan G protein-coupled receptor bombesin receptor subtype-3 (BRS-3) that is under evaluation for treatment of obesity. We report the safety, tolerability, pharmacokinetics, and pharmacodynamics of oral doses of MK-5046 (10-160 mg) in a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled study in healthy and obese male volunteers. MK-5046 exposure increased dose proportionally, and MK-5046 was eliminated with an apparent terminal half-life of 1.5 to 3.5 hours. Single doses transiently increased blood pressure. Patients reported adverse events (erections and feeling hot, cold, and/or jittery) that coincided with time of occurrence (T(max)) and increased with increasing dose. No changes were observed in body temperature, heart rate, plasma glucose levels, or feelings of hunger/satiety. The blood pressure and thermal experiences attenuated with a second dose 6 hours after the first. Additionally, the erections suggest a possible, unanticipated, role for BRS-3 in reproductive physiology. Oral administration of MK-5046 achieves plasma concentrations that are projected to activate BRS-3 and therefore should be suitable for exploring its biological role in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc L Reitman
- Clinical Pharmacology, Merck Research Laboratories, Rahway, New Jersey 07065-0900, USA
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39
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Liu P, Lanza TJ, Chioda M, Jones C, Chobanian HR, Guo Y, Chang L, Kelly TM, Kan Y, Palyha O, Guan XM, Marsh DJ, Metzger JM, Ramsay K, Wang SP, Strack AM, Miller R, Pang J, Lyons K, Dragovic J, Ning JG, Schafer WA, Welch CJ, Gong X, Gao YD, Hornak V, Ball RG, Tsou N, Reitman ML, Wyvratt MJ, Nargund RP, Lin LS. Discovery of benzodiazepine sulfonamide-based bombesin receptor subtype 3 agonists and their unusual chirality. ACS Med Chem Lett 2011; 2:933-7. [PMID: 24900283 DOI: 10.1021/ml200207w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2011] [Accepted: 10/03/2011] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
We report herein the discovery of benzodiazepine sulfonamide-based bombesin receptor subtype 3 (BRS-3) agonists and their unusual chirality. Starting from a high-throughput screening lead, we prepared a series of BRS-3 agonists with improved potency and pharmacokinetic properties, of which compound 8a caused mechanism-based, dose-dependent food intake reduction and body weight loss after oral dosing in diet-induced obese mice. This effort also led to the discovery of a novel family of chiral molecules originated from the conformationally constrained seven-membered diazepine ring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Liu
- Departments of †Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Metabolic Disorders, §Pharmacology, ∥Drug Metabolism, ⊥Analytic Chemistry, #Chemistry Modeling & Informatics, and ∇Process Research, Merck Research Laboratories, Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Thomas J. Lanza
- Departments of †Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Metabolic Disorders, §Pharmacology, ∥Drug Metabolism, ⊥Analytic Chemistry, #Chemistry Modeling & Informatics, and ∇Process Research, Merck Research Laboratories, Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Marc Chioda
- Departments of †Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Metabolic Disorders, §Pharmacology, ∥Drug Metabolism, ⊥Analytic Chemistry, #Chemistry Modeling & Informatics, and ∇Process Research, Merck Research Laboratories, Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Carrie Jones
- Departments of †Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Metabolic Disorders, §Pharmacology, ∥Drug Metabolism, ⊥Analytic Chemistry, #Chemistry Modeling & Informatics, and ∇Process Research, Merck Research Laboratories, Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Harry R. Chobanian
- Departments of †Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Metabolic Disorders, §Pharmacology, ∥Drug Metabolism, ⊥Analytic Chemistry, #Chemistry Modeling & Informatics, and ∇Process Research, Merck Research Laboratories, Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Yan Guo
- Departments of †Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Metabolic Disorders, §Pharmacology, ∥Drug Metabolism, ⊥Analytic Chemistry, #Chemistry Modeling & Informatics, and ∇Process Research, Merck Research Laboratories, Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Linda Chang
- Departments of †Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Metabolic Disorders, §Pharmacology, ∥Drug Metabolism, ⊥Analytic Chemistry, #Chemistry Modeling & Informatics, and ∇Process Research, Merck Research Laboratories, Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Theresa M. Kelly
- Departments of †Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Metabolic Disorders, §Pharmacology, ∥Drug Metabolism, ⊥Analytic Chemistry, #Chemistry Modeling & Informatics, and ∇Process Research, Merck Research Laboratories, Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Yanqing Kan
- Departments of †Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Metabolic Disorders, §Pharmacology, ∥Drug Metabolism, ⊥Analytic Chemistry, #Chemistry Modeling & Informatics, and ∇Process Research, Merck Research Laboratories, Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Oksana Palyha
- Departments of †Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Metabolic Disorders, §Pharmacology, ∥Drug Metabolism, ⊥Analytic Chemistry, #Chemistry Modeling & Informatics, and ∇Process Research, Merck Research Laboratories, Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Xiao-Ming Guan
- Departments of †Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Metabolic Disorders, §Pharmacology, ∥Drug Metabolism, ⊥Analytic Chemistry, #Chemistry Modeling & Informatics, and ∇Process Research, Merck Research Laboratories, Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Donald J. Marsh
- Departments of †Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Metabolic Disorders, §Pharmacology, ∥Drug Metabolism, ⊥Analytic Chemistry, #Chemistry Modeling & Informatics, and ∇Process Research, Merck Research Laboratories, Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Joseph M. Metzger
- Departments of †Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Metabolic Disorders, §Pharmacology, ∥Drug Metabolism, ⊥Analytic Chemistry, #Chemistry Modeling & Informatics, and ∇Process Research, Merck Research Laboratories, Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Katie Ramsay
- Departments of †Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Metabolic Disorders, §Pharmacology, ∥Drug Metabolism, ⊥Analytic Chemistry, #Chemistry Modeling & Informatics, and ∇Process Research, Merck Research Laboratories, Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Sheng-Ping Wang
- Departments of †Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Metabolic Disorders, §Pharmacology, ∥Drug Metabolism, ⊥Analytic Chemistry, #Chemistry Modeling & Informatics, and ∇Process Research, Merck Research Laboratories, Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Alison M. Strack
- Departments of †Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Metabolic Disorders, §Pharmacology, ∥Drug Metabolism, ⊥Analytic Chemistry, #Chemistry Modeling & Informatics, and ∇Process Research, Merck Research Laboratories, Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Randy Miller
- Departments of †Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Metabolic Disorders, §Pharmacology, ∥Drug Metabolism, ⊥Analytic Chemistry, #Chemistry Modeling & Informatics, and ∇Process Research, Merck Research Laboratories, Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Jianmei Pang
- Departments of †Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Metabolic Disorders, §Pharmacology, ∥Drug Metabolism, ⊥Analytic Chemistry, #Chemistry Modeling & Informatics, and ∇Process Research, Merck Research Laboratories, Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Kathy Lyons
- Departments of †Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Metabolic Disorders, §Pharmacology, ∥Drug Metabolism, ⊥Analytic Chemistry, #Chemistry Modeling & Informatics, and ∇Process Research, Merck Research Laboratories, Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Jasminka Dragovic
- Departments of †Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Metabolic Disorders, §Pharmacology, ∥Drug Metabolism, ⊥Analytic Chemistry, #Chemistry Modeling & Informatics, and ∇Process Research, Merck Research Laboratories, Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Jian G. Ning
- Departments of †Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Metabolic Disorders, §Pharmacology, ∥Drug Metabolism, ⊥Analytic Chemistry, #Chemistry Modeling & Informatics, and ∇Process Research, Merck Research Laboratories, Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Wes A. Schafer
- Departments of †Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Metabolic Disorders, §Pharmacology, ∥Drug Metabolism, ⊥Analytic Chemistry, #Chemistry Modeling & Informatics, and ∇Process Research, Merck Research Laboratories, Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Christopher J. Welch
- Departments of †Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Metabolic Disorders, §Pharmacology, ∥Drug Metabolism, ⊥Analytic Chemistry, #Chemistry Modeling & Informatics, and ∇Process Research, Merck Research Laboratories, Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Xiaoyi Gong
- Departments of †Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Metabolic Disorders, §Pharmacology, ∥Drug Metabolism, ⊥Analytic Chemistry, #Chemistry Modeling & Informatics, and ∇Process Research, Merck Research Laboratories, Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Ying-Duo Gao
- Departments of †Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Metabolic Disorders, §Pharmacology, ∥Drug Metabolism, ⊥Analytic Chemistry, #Chemistry Modeling & Informatics, and ∇Process Research, Merck Research Laboratories, Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Viktor Hornak
- Departments of †Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Metabolic Disorders, §Pharmacology, ∥Drug Metabolism, ⊥Analytic Chemistry, #Chemistry Modeling & Informatics, and ∇Process Research, Merck Research Laboratories, Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Richard G. Ball
- Departments of †Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Metabolic Disorders, §Pharmacology, ∥Drug Metabolism, ⊥Analytic Chemistry, #Chemistry Modeling & Informatics, and ∇Process Research, Merck Research Laboratories, Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Nancy Tsou
- Departments of †Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Metabolic Disorders, §Pharmacology, ∥Drug Metabolism, ⊥Analytic Chemistry, #Chemistry Modeling & Informatics, and ∇Process Research, Merck Research Laboratories, Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Marc L. Reitman
- Departments of †Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Metabolic Disorders, §Pharmacology, ∥Drug Metabolism, ⊥Analytic Chemistry, #Chemistry Modeling & Informatics, and ∇Process Research, Merck Research Laboratories, Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Matthew J. Wyvratt
- Departments of †Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Metabolic Disorders, §Pharmacology, ∥Drug Metabolism, ⊥Analytic Chemistry, #Chemistry Modeling & Informatics, and ∇Process Research, Merck Research Laboratories, Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Ravi P. Nargund
- Departments of †Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Metabolic Disorders, §Pharmacology, ∥Drug Metabolism, ⊥Analytic Chemistry, #Chemistry Modeling & Informatics, and ∇Process Research, Merck Research Laboratories, Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Linus S. Lin
- Departments of †Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Metabolic Disorders, §Pharmacology, ∥Drug Metabolism, ⊥Analytic Chemistry, #Chemistry Modeling & Informatics, and ∇Process Research, Merck Research Laboratories, Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
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40
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Feng Y, Guan XM, Li J, Metzger JM, Zhu Y, Juhl K, Zhang BB, Thornberry NA, Reitman ML, Zhou YP. Bombesin receptor subtype-3 (BRS-3) regulates glucose-stimulated insulin secretion in pancreatic islets across multiple species. Endocrinology 2011; 152:4106-15. [PMID: 21878513 DOI: 10.1210/en.2011-1440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Bombesin receptor subtype-3 (BRS-3) regulates energy homeostasis, and BRS-3 agonism is being explored as a possible therapy for obesity. Here we study the role of BRS-3 in the regulation of glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS) and glucose homeostasis. We quantified BRS-3 mRNA in pancreatic islets from multiple species and examined the acute effects of Bag-1, a selective BRS-3 agonist, on GSIS in mouse, rat, and human islets, and on oral glucose tolerance in mice. BRS-3 is highly expressed in human, mouse, rhesus, and dog (but not rat) pancreatic islets and in rodent insulinoma cell lines (INS-1 832/3 and MIN6). Silencing BRS-3 with small interfering RNA or pharmacological blockade with a BRS-3 antagonist, Bantag-1, reduced GSIS in 832/3 cells. In contrast, the BRS-3 agonist (Bag-1) increased GSIS in 832/3 and MIN6 cells. The augmentation of GSIS by Bag-1 was completely blocked by U73122, a phospholipase C inhibitor. Bag-1 also enhanced GSIS in islets isolated from wild-type, but not Brs3 knockout mice. In vivo, Bag-1 reduced glucose levels during oral glucose tolerance test in a BRS-3-dependent manner. BRS-3 agonists also increased GSIS in human islets. These results identify a potential role for BRS-3 in islet physiology, with agonism directly promoting GSIS. Thus, in addition to its potential role in the treatment of obesity, BRS-3 may also regulate blood glucose levels and have a role in the treatment of diabetes mellitus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Feng
- Department of Diabetes and Obesity, Merck Research Laboratories, Rahway, New Jersey 07065, USA
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41
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Pyridinesulfonylureas and pyridinesulfonamides as selective bombesin receptor subtype-3 (BRS-3) agonists. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2011; 21:2040-3. [PMID: 21354793 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2011.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2010] [Revised: 02/02/2011] [Accepted: 02/03/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Bombesin receptor subtype-3 (BRS-3) is an orphan G-protein coupled receptor belonging to the subfamily of bombesin-like receptors. BRS-3 is implicated in the development of obesity and diabetes. We report here small-molecule agonists that are based on a 4-(alkylamino)pyridine-3-sulfonamide core. We describe the discovery of 2a, which has mid-nanomolar potency, selectivity for human BRS-3 versus the other bombesin-like receptors, and good bioavailability.
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42
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Guan XM, Metzger JM, Yang L, Raustad KA, Wang SP, Spann SK, Kosinski JA, Yu H, Shearman LP, Faidley TD, Palyha O, Kan Y, Kelly TM, Sebhat I, Lin LS, Dragovic J, Lyons KA, Craw S, Nargund RP, Marsh DJ, Strack AM, Reitman ML. Antiobesity effect of MK-5046, a novel bombesin receptor subtype-3 agonist. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2010; 336:356-64. [PMID: 21036912 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.110.174763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Bombesin receptor subtype-3 (BRS-3) is an orphan G protein-coupled receptor implicated in the regulation of energy homeostasis. Here, we report the biologic effects of a highly optimized BRS-3 agonist, (2S)-1,1,1-trifluoro-2-[4-(1H-pyrazol-1-yl)phenyl]-3-(4-{[1-(trifluoromethyl)cyclopropyl]methyl}-1H-imidazol-2-yl)propan-2-ol (MK-5046). Single oral doses of MK-5046 inhibited 2-h and overnight food intake and increased fasting metabolic rate in wild-type but not Brs3 knockout mice. Upon dosing for 14 days, MK-5046 at 25 mg · kg(-1) · day(-1) reduced body weight of diet-induced obese mouse by 9% compared with vehicle-dosed controls. In mice, 50% brain receptor occupancy was achieved at a plasma concentration of 0.34 ± 0.23 μM. With chronic dosing, effects on metabolic rate, rather than food intake, seem to be the predominant mechanism for weight reduction by MK-5046. The compound also effectively reduced body weight in rats and caused modest increases in body temperature, heart rate, and blood pressure. These latter effects on temperature, heart rate, and blood pressure were transient in nature and desensitized with continued dosing. MK-5046 is the first BRS-3 agonist with properties suitable for use in larger mammals. In dogs, MK-5046 treatment produced statistically significant and persistent weight loss, which was initially accompanied by increases in body temperature and heart rate that abated with continued dosing. Our results demonstrate antiobesity efficacy for MK-5046 in rodents and dogs and further support BRS-3 agonism as a new approach to the treatment of obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Ming Guan
- Department of Metabolic Disorders, Merck Research Laboratories, Rahway, New Jersey 07065-0900, USA.
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