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Li T, Deng S, Liu H, Chen J. Insights into Strain Engineering: From Ferroelectrics to Related Functional Materials and Beyond. Chem Rev 2024. [PMID: 38754042 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.3c00767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
Ferroelectrics have become indispensable components in various application fields, including information processing, energy harvesting, and electromechanical conversion, owing to their unique ability to exhibit electrically or mechanically switchable polarization. The distinct polar noncentrosymmetric lattices of ferroelectrics make them highly responsive to specific crystal structures. Even slight changes in the lattice can alter the polarization configuration and response to external fields. In this regard, strain engineering has emerged as a prevalent regulation approach that not only offers a versatile platform for structural and performance optimization within ferroelectrics but also unlocks boundless potential in various functional materials. In this review, we systematically summarize the breakthroughs in ferroelectric-based functional materials achieved through strain engineering and progress in method development. We cover research activities ranging from fundamental attributes to wide-ranging applications and novel functionalities ranging from electromechanical transformation in sensors and actuators to tunable dielectric materials and information technologies, such as transistors and nonvolatile memories. Building upon these achievements, we also explore the endeavors to uncover the unprecedented properties through strain engineering in related chemical functionalities, such as ferromagnetism, multiferroicity, and photoelectricity. Finally, through discussions on the prospects and challenges associated with strain engineering in the materials, this review aims to stimulate the development of new methods for strain regulation and performance boosting in functional materials, transcending the boundaries of ferroelectrics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianyu Li
- Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Materials Genome Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Shiqing Deng
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Materials Genome Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Hui Liu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Materials Genome Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Jun Chen
- Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Materials Genome Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
- Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
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2
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Bichurin M, Sokolov O, Ivanov S, Leontiev V, Lobekin V, Semenov G, Wang Y. Modeling the Converse Magnetoelectric Effect in the Low-Frequency Range. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 24:151. [PMID: 38203014 PMCID: PMC10781216 DOI: 10.3390/s24010151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Revised: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/25/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
This article is devoted to the theory of the converse magnetoelectric (CME) effect for the longitudinal, bending, longitudinal-shear, and torsional resonance modes and its quasi-static regime. In contrast to the direct ME effect (DME), these issues have not been studied in sufficient detail in the literature. However, in a number of cases, in particular in the study of low-frequency ME antennas, the results obtained are of interest. Detailed calculations with examples were carried out for the longitudinal mode on the symmetric and asymmetric structures based on Metglas/PZT (LN); the bending mode was considered for the asymmetric free structure and structure with rigidly fixed left-end Metglas/PZT (LN); the longitudinal-shear and torsional modes were investigated for the symmetric and asymmetric free structures based on Metglas/GaAs. For the identification of the torsion mode, it was suggested to perform an experiment on the ME structure based on Metglas/bimorphic LN. All calculation results are presented in the form of graphs for the CME coefficients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirza Bichurin
- Yaroslav-the-Wise Novgorod State University, 173003 Velikiy Novgorod, Russia; (O.S.); (S.I.); (V.L.); (V.L.); (G.S.)
| | - Oleg Sokolov
- Yaroslav-the-Wise Novgorod State University, 173003 Velikiy Novgorod, Russia; (O.S.); (S.I.); (V.L.); (V.L.); (G.S.)
| | - Sergey Ivanov
- Yaroslav-the-Wise Novgorod State University, 173003 Velikiy Novgorod, Russia; (O.S.); (S.I.); (V.L.); (V.L.); (G.S.)
| | - Viktor Leontiev
- Yaroslav-the-Wise Novgorod State University, 173003 Velikiy Novgorod, Russia; (O.S.); (S.I.); (V.L.); (V.L.); (G.S.)
| | - Vyacheslav Lobekin
- Yaroslav-the-Wise Novgorod State University, 173003 Velikiy Novgorod, Russia; (O.S.); (S.I.); (V.L.); (V.L.); (G.S.)
| | - Gennady Semenov
- Yaroslav-the-Wise Novgorod State University, 173003 Velikiy Novgorod, Russia; (O.S.); (S.I.); (V.L.); (V.L.); (G.S.)
| | - Yaojin Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China;
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3
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Cheng CC, Chen YJ, Lin SH, Wang HM, Lin GP, Chung TK. Magnetic-Field-Assisted Electric-Field-Induced Domain Switching of a Magnetic Single Domain in a Multiferroic/Magnetoelectric Ni Nanochevron/[Pb(Mg 1/3Nb 2/3)O 3] 0.68-[PbTiO 3] 0.32 (PMN-PT) Layered Structure. MICROMACHINES 2023; 15:36. [PMID: 38258155 PMCID: PMC10820072 DOI: 10.3390/mi15010036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2023] [Revised: 12/16/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
We report the magnetic-field-assisted electric-field-controlled domain switching of a magnetic single domain in a multiferroic/magnetoelectric Ni nanochevrons/[Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3]0.68-[PbTiO3]0.32 (PMN-PT) layered structure. Initially, a magnetic field was applied in the transverse direction across single-domain Ni nanochevrons to transform each of them into a two-domain state. Subsequently, an electric field was applied to the layered structure, exerting the converse magnetoelectric effect to transform/release the two-domain Ni nanochevrons into one of two possible single-domain states. Finally, the experimental results showed that approximately 50% of the single-domain Ni nanochevrons were switched permanently after applying our approach (i.e., the magnetization direction was permanently rotated by 180 degrees). These results mark important advancements for future nanoelectromagnetic systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Cheng Cheng
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan; (C.-C.C.); (G.-P.L.)
- Electronic and Optoelectronic System Research Laboratories, Industrial Technology Research Institute, Hsinchu 310401, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Jen Chen
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan; (C.-C.C.); (G.-P.L.)
| | - Shin-Hung Lin
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan; (C.-C.C.); (G.-P.L.)
| | - Hsin-Min Wang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan; (C.-C.C.); (G.-P.L.)
| | - Guang-Ping Lin
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan; (C.-C.C.); (G.-P.L.)
| | - Tien-Kan Chung
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan; (C.-C.C.); (G.-P.L.)
- International College of Semiconductor Technology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan
- Institute of Advanced Semiconductor, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan
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MacManus-Driscoll JL, Wu R, Li W. Interface-related phenomena in epitaxial complex oxide ferroics across different thin film platforms: opportunities and challenges. MATERIALS HORIZONS 2023; 10:1060-1086. [PMID: 36815609 PMCID: PMC10068909 DOI: 10.1039/d2mh01527g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Interfaces in complex oxides give rise to fascinating new physical phenomena arising from the interconnected spin, lattice, charge and orbital degrees of freedom. Most commonly, interfaces are engineered in epitaxial superlattice films. Of growing interest also are epitaxial vertically aligned nanocomposite films where interfaces form by self-assembly. These two thin film forms offer different capabilities for materials tuning and have been explored largely separately from one another. Ferroics (ferroelectric, ferromagnetic, multiferroic) are among the most fascinating phenomena to be manipulated using interface effects. Hence, in this review we compare and contrast the ferroic properties that arise in these two different film forms, highlighting exemplary materials combinations which demonstrate novel, enhanced and/or emergent ferroic functionalities. We discuss the origins of the observed functionalities and propose where knowledge can be translated from one materials form to another, to potentially produce new functionalities. Finally, for the two different film forms we present a perspective on underexplored/emerging research directions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rui Wu
- Department of Materials Science and Metallurgy, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB3 0FS, UK.
- Spin-X Institute, School of Physics and Optoelectronics, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory of Optoelectronic and Magnetic Functional Materials, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 511442, China
| | - Weiwei Li
- Department of Materials Science and Metallurgy, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB3 0FS, UK.
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Aerospace Information Materials and Physics, State Key Laboratory of Mechanics and Control of Mechanical Structures, College of Physics, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing 211106, China
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Shao PW, Wu YX, Chen WH, Zhang M, Dai M, Kuo YC, Hsieh SH, Tang YC, Liu PL, Yu P, Chen Y, Huang R, Chen CH, Hsu JH, Chen YC, Hu JM, Chu YH. Bicontinuous oxide heteroepitaxy with enhanced photoconductivity. Nat Commun 2023; 14:21. [PMID: 36596763 PMCID: PMC9810741 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-35385-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Self-assembled systems have recently attracted extensive attention because they can display a wide range of phase morphologies in nanocomposites, providing a new arena to explore novel phenomena. Among these morphologies, a bicontinuous structure is highly desirable based on its high interface-to-volume ratio and 3D interconnectivity. A bicontinuous nickel oxide (NiO) and tin dioxide (SnO2) heteroepitaxial nanocomposite is revealed here. By controlling their concentration, we fabricated tuneable self-assembled nanostructures from pillars to bicontinuous structures, as evidenced by TEM-energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy with a tortuous compositional distribution. The experimentally observed growth modes are consistent with predictions by first-principles calculations. Phase-field simulations are performed to understand 3D microstructure formation and extract key thermodynamic parameters for predicting microstructure morphologies in SnO2:NiO nanocomposites of other concentrations. Furthermore, we demonstrate significantly enhanced photovoltaic properties in a bicontinuous SnO2:NiO nanocomposite macroscopically and microscopically. This research shows a pathway to developing innovative solar cell and photodetector devices based on self-assembled oxides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pao-Wen Shao
- grid.260539.b0000 0001 2059 7017Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, 30010 Taiwan
| | - Yi-Xian Wu
- grid.260539.b0000 0001 2059 7017Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, 30010 Taiwan
| | - Wei-Han Chen
- grid.260539.b0000 0001 2059 7017Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, 30010 Taiwan
| | - Mojue Zhang
- grid.14003.360000 0001 2167 3675Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706 USA
| | - Minyi Dai
- grid.14003.360000 0001 2167 3675Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706 USA
| | - Yen-Chien Kuo
- grid.410766.20000 0001 0749 1496National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center, Hsinchu, 30076 Taiwan
| | - Shang-Hsien Hsieh
- grid.410766.20000 0001 0749 1496National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center, Hsinchu, 30076 Taiwan
| | - Yi-Cheng Tang
- grid.260542.70000 0004 0532 3749Graduate Institute of Precision Engineering, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, 402 Taiwan
| | - Po-Liang Liu
- grid.260542.70000 0004 0532 3749Graduate Institute of Precision Engineering, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, 402 Taiwan
| | - Pu Yu
- grid.12527.330000 0001 0662 3178State Key Laboratory of Low Dimensional Quantum Physics and Department of Physics, Tsinghua University, 100084 Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yuang Chen
- grid.22069.3f0000 0004 0369 6365Key Laboratory of Polar Materials and Devices, Ministry of Education, East China Normal University, 200241 Shanghai, China
| | - Rong Huang
- grid.22069.3f0000 0004 0369 6365Key Laboratory of Polar Materials and Devices, Ministry of Education, East China Normal University, 200241 Shanghai, China
| | - Chia-Hao Chen
- grid.410766.20000 0001 0749 1496National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center, Hsinchu, 30076 Taiwan
| | - Ju-Hung Hsu
- Integrated Service Technology, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Chun Chen
- grid.64523.360000 0004 0532 3255Department of Physics, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 70101 Taiwan
| | - Jia-Mian Hu
- grid.14003.360000 0001 2167 3675Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706 USA
| | - Ying-Hao Chu
- grid.260539.b0000 0001 2059 7017Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, 30010 Taiwan ,grid.38348.340000 0004 0532 0580Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, 30013 Taiwan
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6
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Twisted oxide lateral homostructures with conjunction tunability. Nat Commun 2022; 13:2565. [PMID: 35538081 PMCID: PMC9090740 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-30321-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Epitaxial growth is of significant importance over the past decades, given it has been the key process of modern technology for delivering high-quality thin films. For conventional heteroepitaxy, the selection of proper single crystal substrates not only facilitates the integration of different materials but also fulfills interface and strain engineering upon a wide spectrum of functionalities. Nevertheless, the lattice structure, regularity and crystalline orientation are determined once a specific substrate is chosen. Here, we reveal the growth of twisted oxide lateral homostructure with controllable in-plane conjunctions. The twisted lateral homostructures with atomically sharp interfaces can be composed of epitaxial “blocks” with different crystalline orientations, ferroic orders and phases. We further demonstrate that this approach is universal for fabricating various complex systems, in which the unconventional physical properties can be artificially manipulated. Our results establish an efficient pathway towards twisted lateral homostructures, adding additional degrees of freedom to design epitaxial films. It is challenging to construct lateral homostructures with controllable geometry and repeated alternating configurations. Here the authors develop a generic approach for fabricating twisted lateral homostructures with tunable crystal orientation, epitaxial constrain, and phase stability.
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Ramesh R. Materials for a Sustainable Microelectronics Future: Electric Field Control of Magnetism with Multiferroics. J Indian Inst Sci 2022; 102:489-511. [PMID: 35035127 PMCID: PMC8749116 DOI: 10.1007/s41745-021-00277-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
This article is written on behalf of many colleagues, collaborators, and researchers in the field of complex oxides as well as current and former students and postdocs who continue to enable and undertake cutting-edge research in the field of multiferroics, magnetoelectrics, and the pursuit of electric-field control of magnetism. What I present is something that is extremely exciting from both a fundamental science and applications perspective and has the potential to revolutionize our world, particularly from a sustainability perspective. To realize this potential will require numerous new innovations, both in the fundamental science arena as well as translating these scientific discoveries into real applications. Thus, this article will attempt to bridge the gap between fundamental materials physics and the actual manifestations of the physical concepts into real-life applications. I hope this article will help spur more translational research within the broad materials community.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Ramesh
- Department of Physics and Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, USA.,Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, USA
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8
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Abstract
Electric field control of magnetism is an extremely exciting area of research, from both a fundamental science and an applications perspective and has the potential to revolutionize the world of computing. To realize this will require numerous further innovations, both in the fundamental science arena as well as translating these scientific discoveries into real applications. Thus, this article will attempt to bridge the gap between condensed matter physics and the actual manifestations of the physical concepts into applications. We have attempted to paint a broad-stroke picture of the field, from the macroscale all the way down to the fundamentals of spin–orbit coupling that is a key enabler of the physics discussed. We hope it will help spur more translational research within the broad materials physics community. Needless to say, this article is written on behalf of a large number of colleagues, collaborators and researchers in the field of complex oxides as well as current and former students and postdocs who continue to pursue cutting-edge research in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramamoorthy Ramesh
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Sasikanth Manipatruni
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
- Kepler Computing, Portland, OR 97229, USA
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Nguyen T, Fleming Y, Bender P, Grysan P, Valle N, El Adib B, Adjeroud N, Arl D, Emo M, Ghanbaja J, Michels A, Polesel-Maris J. Low-Temperature Growth of AlN Films on Magnetostrictive Foils for High-Magnetoelectric-Response Thin-Film Composites. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:30874-30884. [PMID: 34157227 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c08399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
This study reports a strong ME effect in thin-film composites consisting of nickel, iron, or cobalt foils and 550 nm thick AlN films grown by PE-ALD at a (low) temperature of 250 °C and ensuring isotropic and highly conformal coating profiles. The AlN film quality and the interface between the film and the foils are meticulously investigated by means of high-resolution transmission electron microscopy and the adhesion test. An interface (transition) layer of partially amorphous AlxOy/AlOxNy with thicknesses of 10 and 20 nm, corresponding to the films grown on Ni, Fe, and Co foils, is revealed. The AlN film is found to be composed of a mixture of amorphous and nanocrystalline grains at the interface. However, its crystallinity is improved as the film grew and shows a highly preferred (002) orientation. High self-biased ME coefficients (αME at a zero-bias magnetic field) of 3.3, 2.7, and 3.1 V·cm-1·Oe-1 are achieved at an off-resonance frequency of 46 Hz in AlN/Ni thin-film composites with different Ni foil thicknesses of 7.5, 15, and 30 μm, respectively. In addition, magnetoelectric measurements have also been carried out in composites made of 550 nm thick films grown on 12.5 μm thick Fe and 15 μm thick Co foils. The maximum magnetoelectric coefficients of AlN/Fe and AlN/Co composites are 0.32 and 0.12 V·cm-1·Oe-1, measured at 46 Hz at a bias magnetic field (Hdc) of 6 and 200 Oe, respectively. The difference of magnetoelectric transducing responses of each composite is discussed according to interface analysis. We report a maximum delivered power density of 75 nW/cm3 for the AlN/Ni composite with a load resistance of 200 kΩ to address potential energy harvesting and electromagnetic sensor applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tai Nguyen
- Materials Research and Technology Department, Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology, 41 rue du Brill, L-4422 Belvaux, Luxembourg
- Department of Physics and Materials Science, University of Luxembourg, Campus Limpertsberg, 162 Avenue de la Faïencerie, L-1511 Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | - Yves Fleming
- Materials Research and Technology Department, Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology, 41 rue du Brill, L-4422 Belvaux, Luxembourg
| | - Philipp Bender
- Department of Physics and Materials Science, University of Luxembourg, Campus Limpertsberg, 162 Avenue de la Faïencerie, L-1511 Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | - Patrick Grysan
- Materials Research and Technology Department, Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology, 41 rue du Brill, L-4422 Belvaux, Luxembourg
| | - Nathalie Valle
- Materials Research and Technology Department, Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology, 41 rue du Brill, L-4422 Belvaux, Luxembourg
| | - Brahime El Adib
- Materials Research and Technology Department, Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology, 41 rue du Brill, L-4422 Belvaux, Luxembourg
| | - Noureddine Adjeroud
- Materials Research and Technology Department, Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology, 41 rue du Brill, L-4422 Belvaux, Luxembourg
| | - Didier Arl
- Materials Research and Technology Department, Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology, 41 rue du Brill, L-4422 Belvaux, Luxembourg
| | - Mélanie Emo
- Université de Lorraine, CNRS, Institut Jean Lamour, UMR 7198, F-54000 Nancy, France
| | - Jaafar Ghanbaja
- Université de Lorraine, CNRS, Institut Jean Lamour, UMR 7198, F-54000 Nancy, France
| | - Andreas Michels
- Department of Physics and Materials Science, University of Luxembourg, Campus Limpertsberg, 162 Avenue de la Faïencerie, L-1511 Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | - Jérôme Polesel-Maris
- Materials Research and Technology Department, Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology, 41 rue du Brill, L-4422 Belvaux, Luxembourg
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Andrei F, Ion V, Bîrjega R, Dinescu M, Enea N, Pantelica D, Mihai MD, Maraloiu VA, Teodorescu VS, Marcu IC, Scarisoreanu ND. Thickness-Dependent Photoelectrochemical Water Splitting Properties of Self-Assembled Nanostructured LaFeO 3 Perovskite Thin Films. NANOMATERIALS 2021; 11:nano11061371. [PMID: 34064298 PMCID: PMC8224280 DOI: 10.3390/nano11061371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Revised: 05/16/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Tuning the intrinsic structural and stoichiometric properties by different means is used for increasing the green energy production efficiency of complex oxide materials. Here, we report on the formation of self-assembled nanodomains and their effects on the photoelectrochemical (PEC) properties of LaFeO3 (LFO) epitaxial thin films as a function of layer’s thickness. The variation with the film’s thickness of the structural parameters such as in-plane and out-of-plane crystalline coherence length and the coexistence of different epitaxial orientation—<100>SrTiO3//<001> LFO, <100>SrTiO3//<110> LFO and [110] LFO//[10] STO, as well as the appearance of self-assembled nanodomains for film’s thicknesses higher than 14 nm, is presented. LFO thin films exhibit different epitaxial orientations depending on their thickness, and the appearance of self-assembled nanopyramids-like domains after a thickness threshold value has proven to have a detrimental effect on the PEC functional properties. Using Nb:SrTiO3 as conductive substrate and 0.5 M NaOH aqueous solution for PEC measurements, the dependence of the photocurrent density and the onset potential vs. RHE on the structural and stoichiometric features exhibited by the LFO photoelectrodes are unveiled by the X-ray diffraction, high-resolution transmission electron microscopy, ellipsometry, and Rutherford backscattering spectroscopy results. The potentiodynamic PEC analysis has revealed the highest photocurrent density Jphotocurrent values (up to 1.2 mA/cm2) with excellent stability over time, for the thinnest LFO/Nb:SrTiO3 sample, both cathodic and anodic behavior being noticed. Noticeably, the LFO thin film shows unbiased hydrogen evolution from water, as determined by gas chromatography in aqueous 0.5 M NaOH solution under constant illumination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florin Andrei
- National Institute for Laser, Plasma and Radiation Physics, 077125 Magurele, Romania; (F.A.); (V.I.); (R.B.); (M.D.); (N.E.)
- Laboratory of Chemical Technology & Catalysis, Department of Organic Chemistry, Biochemistry & Catalysis, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Bucharest, Blv. Regina Elisabeta, No. 4-12, 030018 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Valentin Ion
- National Institute for Laser, Plasma and Radiation Physics, 077125 Magurele, Romania; (F.A.); (V.I.); (R.B.); (M.D.); (N.E.)
| | - Ruxandra Bîrjega
- National Institute for Laser, Plasma and Radiation Physics, 077125 Magurele, Romania; (F.A.); (V.I.); (R.B.); (M.D.); (N.E.)
| | - Maria Dinescu
- National Institute for Laser, Plasma and Radiation Physics, 077125 Magurele, Romania; (F.A.); (V.I.); (R.B.); (M.D.); (N.E.)
| | - Nicoleta Enea
- National Institute for Laser, Plasma and Radiation Physics, 077125 Magurele, Romania; (F.A.); (V.I.); (R.B.); (M.D.); (N.E.)
- Faculty of Physics, University of Bucharest, 077125 Magurele, Romania
| | - Dan Pantelica
- Horia Hulubei National Institute for R&D in Physics and Nuclear Engineering, 077125 Magurele, Romania; (D.P.); (M.D.M.)
| | - Maria Diana Mihai
- Horia Hulubei National Institute for R&D in Physics and Nuclear Engineering, 077125 Magurele, Romania; (D.P.); (M.D.M.)
| | | | - Valentin Serban Teodorescu
- National Institute for Material Physics, 077125 Magurele, Romania; (V.-A.M.); (V.S.T.)
- Academy of Romanian Scientists, 050094 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Ioan-Cezar Marcu
- Laboratory of Chemical Technology & Catalysis, Department of Organic Chemistry, Biochemistry & Catalysis, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Bucharest, Blv. Regina Elisabeta, No. 4-12, 030018 Bucharest, Romania
- Research Center for Catalysts and Catalytic Processes, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Bucharest, Blv. Regina Elisabeta, No. 4-12, 030018 Bucharest, Romania
- Correspondence: (I.-C.M.); (N.D.S.); Tel.: +40-21-305-1464 (I.-C.M.); +40-74-314-7427 (N.D.S.)
| | - Nicu Doinel Scarisoreanu
- National Institute for Laser, Plasma and Radiation Physics, 077125 Magurele, Romania; (F.A.); (V.I.); (R.B.); (M.D.); (N.E.)
- Correspondence: (I.-C.M.); (N.D.S.); Tel.: +40-21-305-1464 (I.-C.M.); +40-74-314-7427 (N.D.S.)
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11
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The Synthesis and Characterization of Sol-Gel-Derived SrTiO3-BiMnO3 Solid Solutions. CRYSTALS 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/cryst10121125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In this study, the aqueous sol-gel method was employed for the synthesis of (1−x)SrTiO3-xBiMnO3 solid solutions. Powder X-ray diffraction analysis confirmed the formation of single-phase perovskites with a cubic structure up to x = 0.3. A further increase of the BiMnO3 content led to the formation of a negligible amount of neighboring Mn3O4 impurity, along with the major perovskite phase. Infrared (FT-IR) analysis of the synthesized specimens showed gradual spectral change associated with the superposition effect of Mn-O and Ti-O bond lengths. By introducing BiMnO3 into the SrTiO3 crystal structure, the size of the grains increased drastically, which was confirmed by means of scanning electron microscopy. Magnetization studies revealed that all solid solutions containing the BiMnO3 component can be characterized as paramagnetic materials. It was observed that magnetization values clearly correlate with the chemical composition of powders, and the gradual increase of the BiMnO3 content resulted in noticeably higher magnetization values.
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12
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Fan L, Gao X, Farmer TO, Lee D, Guo EJ, Mu S, Wang K, Fitzsimmons MR, Chisholm MF, Ward TZ, Eres G, Lee HN. Vertically Aligned Single-Crystalline CoFe 2O 4 Nanobrush Architectures with High Magnetization and Tailored Magnetic Anisotropy. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 10:nano10030472. [PMID: 32150990 PMCID: PMC7153250 DOI: 10.3390/nano10030472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2020] [Revised: 02/28/2020] [Accepted: 02/29/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Micrometer-tall vertically aligned single-crystalline CoFe2O4 nanobrush architectures with extraordinarily large aspect ratio have been achieved by the precise control of a kinetic and thermodynamic non-equilibrium pulsed laser epitaxy process. Direct observations by scanning transmission electron microscopy reveal that the nanobrush crystal is mostly defect-free by nature, and epitaxially connected to the substrate through a continuous 2D interface layer. In contrast, periodic dislocations and lattice defects such as anti-phase boundaries and twin boundaries are frequently observed in the 2D interface layer, suggesting that interface misfit strain relaxation under a non-equilibrium growth condition plays a critical role in the self-assembly of such artificial architectures. Magnetic property measurements have found that the nanobrushes exhibit a saturation magnetization value of 6.16 B/f.u., which is much higher than the bulk value. The discovery not only enables insights into an effective route for fabricating unconventional high-quality nanostructures, but also demonstrates a novel magnetic architecture with potential applications in nanomagnetic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisha Fan
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA; (L.F.); (X.G.); (T.O.F.); (D.L.); (E.-J.G.); (S.M.); (K.W.); (M.R.F.); (M.F.C.); (T.Z.W.); (G.E.)
- College of Mechanical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310023, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiang Gao
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA; (L.F.); (X.G.); (T.O.F.); (D.L.); (E.-J.G.); (S.M.); (K.W.); (M.R.F.); (M.F.C.); (T.Z.W.); (G.E.)
| | - Thomas O. Farmer
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA; (L.F.); (X.G.); (T.O.F.); (D.L.); (E.-J.G.); (S.M.); (K.W.); (M.R.F.); (M.F.C.); (T.Z.W.); (G.E.)
| | - Dongkyu Lee
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA; (L.F.); (X.G.); (T.O.F.); (D.L.); (E.-J.G.); (S.M.); (K.W.); (M.R.F.); (M.F.C.); (T.Z.W.); (G.E.)
| | - Er-Jia Guo
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA; (L.F.); (X.G.); (T.O.F.); (D.L.); (E.-J.G.); (S.M.); (K.W.); (M.R.F.); (M.F.C.); (T.Z.W.); (G.E.)
| | - Sai Mu
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA; (L.F.); (X.G.); (T.O.F.); (D.L.); (E.-J.G.); (S.M.); (K.W.); (M.R.F.); (M.F.C.); (T.Z.W.); (G.E.)
| | - Kai Wang
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA; (L.F.); (X.G.); (T.O.F.); (D.L.); (E.-J.G.); (S.M.); (K.W.); (M.R.F.); (M.F.C.); (T.Z.W.); (G.E.)
| | - Michael R. Fitzsimmons
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA; (L.F.); (X.G.); (T.O.F.); (D.L.); (E.-J.G.); (S.M.); (K.W.); (M.R.F.); (M.F.C.); (T.Z.W.); (G.E.)
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA
| | - Matthew F. Chisholm
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA; (L.F.); (X.G.); (T.O.F.); (D.L.); (E.-J.G.); (S.M.); (K.W.); (M.R.F.); (M.F.C.); (T.Z.W.); (G.E.)
| | - Thomas Z. Ward
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA; (L.F.); (X.G.); (T.O.F.); (D.L.); (E.-J.G.); (S.M.); (K.W.); (M.R.F.); (M.F.C.); (T.Z.W.); (G.E.)
| | - Gyula Eres
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA; (L.F.); (X.G.); (T.O.F.); (D.L.); (E.-J.G.); (S.M.); (K.W.); (M.R.F.); (M.F.C.); (T.Z.W.); (G.E.)
| | - Ho Nyung Lee
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA; (L.F.); (X.G.); (T.O.F.); (D.L.); (E.-J.G.); (S.M.); (K.W.); (M.R.F.); (M.F.C.); (T.Z.W.); (G.E.)
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13
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Jayachandran KP, Guedes JM, Rodrigues HC. Homogenization method for microscopic characterization of the composite magnetoelectric multiferroics. Sci Rep 2020; 10:1276. [PMID: 31992781 PMCID: PMC6987106 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-57977-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2019] [Accepted: 01/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Tuning of magnetization or electrical polarization using external fields other than their corresponding conjugate fields (i.e., magnetic field for the former or electric field for the latter response) attracts renewed interest due to its potential for applications. The magnetoelectric effect in multiferroic 1-3 composite composed of alternating magnetic and ferroelectric layers operating in linear regime consequent to external biasing fields is simulated and analysed theoretically. Two-scale homogenization procedure to arrive at the equilibrium overall physical properties of magnetoelectric multiferroic composite is formulated using variational analysis. This procedure is extended to quantify the underlying local (microscopic) electric, magnetic and elastic fields and thereby compute local distribution of stresses and strains, electrical and magnetic potentials, the electric and magnetic fields as well as the equivalent von Mises stresses. The computational model is implemented by modifying the software POSTMAT (material postprocessing). Computed local stress/strain profiles and the von Mises stresses consequent to biasing electrical and magnetic fields provide insightful information related to the magnetostriction and the ensuing electrical and magnetic polarization. Average polarization and magnetization against magnetic and electric fields respectively are computed and found to be in reasonable limits of the experimental results on similar composite systems. The homogenization model covers multiferroics and its composites regardless of crystallographic symmetry (with the caveat of assuming an ideal and semi-coherent interface connecting the constituent phases) and offer computational efficiency besides unveiling the nature of the underlying microscopic field characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- K P Jayachandran
- IDMEC, Iinstituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001, Lisboa, Portugal.
| | - J M Guedes
- IDMEC, Iinstituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - H C Rodrigues
- IDMEC, Iinstituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001, Lisboa, Portugal
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14
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Yin L, Mi W. Progress in BiFeO 3-based heterostructures: materials, properties and applications. NANOSCALE 2020; 12:477-523. [PMID: 31850428 DOI: 10.1039/c9nr08800h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
BiFeO3-based heterostructures have attracted much attention for potential applications due to their room-temperature multiferroic properties, proper band gaps and ultrahigh ferroelectric polarization of BiFeO3, such as data storage, optical utilization in visible light regions and synapse-like function. Here, this work aims to offer a systematic review on the progress of BiFeO3-based heterostructures. In the first part, the optical, electric, magnetic, and valley properties and their interactions in BiFeO3-based heterostructures are briefly reviewed. In the second part, the morphologies of BiFeO3 and medium materials in the heterostructures are discussed. Particularly, in the third part, the physical properties and underlying mechanism in BiFeO3-based heterostructures are discussed thoroughly, such as the photovoltaic effect, electric field control of magnetism, resistance switching, and two-dimensional electron gas and valley characteristics. The fourth part illustrates the applications of BiFeO3-based heterostructures based on the materials and physical properties discussed in the second and third parts. This review also includes a future prospect, which can provide guidance for exploring novel physical properties and designing multifunctional devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Yin
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Low Dimensional Materials Physics and Preparation Technology, School of Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300354, China.
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15
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Chen A, Dai Y, Eshghinejad A, Liu Z, Wang Z, Bowlan J, Knall E, Civale L, MacManus‐Driscoll JL, Taylor AJ, Prasankumar RP, Lookman T, Li J, Yarotski D, Jia Q. Competing Interface and Bulk Effect-Driven Magnetoelectric Coupling in Vertically Aligned Nanocomposites. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2019; 6:1901000. [PMID: 31592418 PMCID: PMC6774036 DOI: 10.1002/advs.201901000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2019] [Revised: 06/11/2019] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Room-temperature magnetoelectric (ME) coupling is developed in artificial multilayers and nanocomposites composed of magnetostrictive and electrostrictive materials. While the coupling mechanisms and strengths in multilayers are widely studied, they are largely unexplored in vertically aligned nanocomposites (VANs), even though theory has predicted that VANs exhibit much larger ME coupling coefficients than multilayer structures. Here, strong transverse and longitudinal ME coupling in epitaxial BaTiO3:CoFe2O4 VANs measured by both optical second harmonic generation and piezoresponse force microscopy under magnetic fields is reported. Phase field simulations have shown that the ME coupling strength strongly depends on the vertical interfacial area which is ultimately controlled by pillar size. The ME coupling in VANs is determined by the competition between the vertical interface coupling effect and the bulk volume conservation effect. The revealed mechanisms shed light on the physical insights of vertical interface coupling in VANs in general, which can be applied to a variety of nanocomposites with different functionalities beyond the studied ME coupling effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aiping Chen
- Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies (CINT)Los Alamos National LaboratoryLos AlamosNM87545USA
| | - Yaomin Dai
- Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies (CINT)Los Alamos National LaboratoryLos AlamosNM87545USA
| | - Ahmad Eshghinejad
- Department of Mechanical EngineeringUniversity of WashingtonSeattleWA98195USA
| | - Zhen Liu
- Theoretical DivisionLos Alamos National LaboratoryLos AlamosNM87545USA
| | - Zhongchang Wang
- Department of Quantum and Energy MaterialsInternational Iberian Nanotechnology LaboratoryBraga4715‐330Portugal
| | - John Bowlan
- Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies (CINT)Los Alamos National LaboratoryLos AlamosNM87545USA
| | - Erik Knall
- Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies (CINT)Los Alamos National LaboratoryLos AlamosNM87545USA
| | | | - Judith L. MacManus‐Driscoll
- Department of Materials Science and MetallurgyUniversity of Cambridge27 Charles Babbage Rd.CambridgeCB3 OFSUK
| | - Antoinette J. Taylor
- Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies (CINT)Los Alamos National LaboratoryLos AlamosNM87545USA
| | - Rohit P. Prasankumar
- Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies (CINT)Los Alamos National LaboratoryLos AlamosNM87545USA
| | - Turab Lookman
- Theoretical DivisionLos Alamos National LaboratoryLos AlamosNM87545USA
| | - Jiangyu Li
- Department of Mechanical EngineeringUniversity of WashingtonSeattleWA98195USA
| | - Dmitry Yarotski
- Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies (CINT)Los Alamos National LaboratoryLos AlamosNM87545USA
| | - Quanxi Jia
- Department of Materials Design and InnovationUniversity at Buffalo—The State University of New YorkBuffaloNY14260USA
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16
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Strkalj N, Gradauskaite E, Nordlander J, Trassin M. Design and Manipulation of Ferroic Domains in Complex Oxide Heterostructures. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2019; 12:E3108. [PMID: 31554210 PMCID: PMC6803956 DOI: 10.3390/ma12193108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2019] [Revised: 09/16/2019] [Accepted: 09/18/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The current burst of device concepts based on nanoscale domain-control in magnetically and electrically ordered systems motivates us to review the recent development in the design of domain engineered oxide heterostructures. The improved ability to design and control advanced ferroic domain architectures came hand in hand with major advances in investigation capacity of nanoscale ferroic states. The new avenues offered by prototypical multiferroic materials, in which electric and magnetic orders coexist, are expanding beyond the canonical low-energy-consuming electrical control of a net magnetization. Domain pattern inversion, for instance, holds promises of increased functionalities. In this review, we first describe the recent development in the creation of controlled ferroelectric and multiferroic domain architectures in thin films and multilayers. We then present techniques for probing the domain state with a particular focus on non-invasive tools allowing the determination of buried ferroic states. Finally, we discuss the switching events and their domain analysis, providing critical insight into the evolution of device concepts involving multiferroic thin films and heterostructures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nives Strkalj
- Department of Materials, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 4, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Elzbieta Gradauskaite
- Department of Materials, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 4, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Johanna Nordlander
- Department of Materials, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 4, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Morgan Trassin
- Department of Materials, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 4, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland.
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17
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Molinari A, Hahn H, Kruk R. Voltage-Control of Magnetism in All-Solid-State and Solid/Liquid Magnetoelectric Composites. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2019; 31:e1806662. [PMID: 30785649 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201806662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2018] [Revised: 12/20/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The control of magnetism by means of low-power electric fields, rather than dissipative flowing currents, has the potential to revolutionize conventional methods of data storage and processing, sensing, and actuation. A promising strategy relies on the utilization of magnetoelectric composites to finely tune the interplay between electric and magnetic degrees of freedom at the interface of two functional materials. Albeit early works predominantly focused on the magnetoelectric coupling at solid/solid interfaces; however, recently there has been an increased interest related to the opportunities offered by liquid-gating techniques. Here, a comparative overview on voltage control of magnetism in all-solid-state and solid/liquid composites is presented within the context of the principal coupling mediators, i.e., strain, charge carrier doping, and ionic intercalation. Further, an exhaustive and critical discussion is carried out, concerning the suitability of using the common definition of coupling coefficient α C = Δ M Δ E to compare the strength of the interaction between electricity and magnetism among different magnetoelectric systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan Molinari
- Institute of Nanotechnology (INT), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Horst Hahn
- Institute of Nanotechnology (INT), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
- KIT-TUD-Joint Research Laboratory Nanomaterials, Technical University Darmstadt, Jovanka-Bontschits-Strasse 2, 64287, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Robert Kruk
- Institute of Nanotechnology (INT), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
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18
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Shirsath SE, Liu X, Assadi MHN, Younis A, Yasukawa Y, Karan SK, Zhang J, Kim J, Wang D, Morisako A, Yamauchi Y, Li S. Au quantum dots engineered room temperature crystallization and magnetic anisotropy in CoFe 2O 4 thin films. NANOSCALE HORIZONS 2019; 4:434-444. [PMID: 32254095 DOI: 10.1039/c8nh00278a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
For the first time, this work presents a novel room temperature time-effective concept to manipulate the crystallization kinetics and magnetic responses of thin films grown on amorphous substrates. Conventionally, metal-induced crystallization is adopted to minimize the crystallization temperature of the upper-layer thin film. However, due to the limited surface area of the continuous metal under-layer, the degree of crystallization is insufficient and post-annealing is required. To expose a large surface area of the metal under-layer, we propose a simple and novel approach of using an Au nanodots array instead of a continuous metallic under-layer to obtain crystallization of upper-layer thin films. Spinel cobalt ferrite (CFO) thin film as a 'model' was deposited on an Au nano-dots array to realize this methodology. Our findings revealed that the addition of quantum-sized Au nano-dots as a metal under-layer dramatically enhanced the crystallization of the cobalt ferrite upper layer at room temperature. The appearance of major X-ray diffraction peaks with high intensity and well-defined crystallized lattice planes observed via transmission electron microscopy confirmed the crystallization of the CFO thin film deposited at room temperature on 4 nm-sized Au nano-dots. This crystallized CFO thin film exhibits 18-fold higher coercivity (Hc = 4150 Oe) and 4-fold higher saturation magnetization (Ms = 262 emu cm-3) compared to CFO deposited without the Au under-layer. The development of this novel concept of room-temperature crystallization without the aid of additives and solvents represents a crucial breakthrough that is highly significant for exploring the green and energy-efficient synthesis of a variety of oxide and metal thin films.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sagar E Shirsath
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2502, Australia.
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19
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Ullah R, Ke X, Malik IA, Gu Z, Wang C, Ahmad M, Yang Y, Zhang W, An X, Wang X, Zhang J. Controllable Ferroelastic Switching in Epitaxial Self-Assembled Aurivillius Nanobricks. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:7296-7302. [PMID: 30675776 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b22080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Layered perovskites with Aurivillius phase have drawn tremendous attention recently, owing to their high ferroelectric Curie temperatures, large spontaneous polarization, and fatigue-free and environment-friendly characteristics. Bi2WO6 is one of the simplest members in the Aurivillius family with superior ferroelastic and photo-electrochemical behaviors. The self-assembly fabrication of its nanoarchitectures and strategic modulation of their ferroelastic switching are crucial toward highly efficient nanoscale applications. In this work, Bi2WO6 nanobrick arrays were epitaxially grown along the orthorhombic direction in a self-assembled way. Such a nanoscale topology supports out-of-plane and in-plane vectors of ferroelectric polarizations, enabling a perpendicular voltage manipulation of these emerging ferroelectric/elastic domains. Combining the scanning probe technique and transmission electron microscopy, we confirmed the in-plane polarization vectors of 78.6 and 101.4° within the crystallographic axes of the nanobricks with respect to the (110) plane of the substrate. Thus, this work provides new opportunities for ferroelectric/elastic engineering in Bi2WO6 nanostructures for a wide range of applications, such as sensing, actuating, and catalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rizwan Ullah
- Department of Physics , Beijing Normal University , 100875 Beijing , China
| | - Xiaoxing Ke
- Institute of Microstructures and Properties of Advanced Materials , Beijing University of Technology , 100124 Beijing , China
| | | | - Zhenao Gu
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences , Chinese Academy of Sciences , 100085 Beijing , China
| | - Chuanshou Wang
- Department of Physics , Beijing Normal University , 100875 Beijing , China
| | - Munir Ahmad
- Department of Physics , Beijing Normal University , 100875 Beijing , China
| | - Yuben Yang
- Department of Physics , Beijing Normal University , 100875 Beijing , China
| | - Wenkai Zhang
- Department of Physics , Beijing Normal University , 100875 Beijing , China
| | - Xiaoqiang An
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences , Chinese Academy of Sciences , 100085 Beijing , China
| | - Xueyun Wang
- School of Aerospace Engineering , Beijing Institute of Technology , 100081 Beijing , China
| | - Jinxing Zhang
- Department of Physics , Beijing Normal University , 100875 Beijing , China
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20
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De Santis M, Bailly A, Coates I, Grenier S, Heckmann O, Hricovini K, Joly Y, Langlais V, Ramos AY, Richter C, Torrelles X, Garaudée S, Geaymond O, Ulrich O. Epitaxial growth and structure of cobalt ferrite thin films with large inversion parameter on Ag(001). ACTA CRYSTALLOGRAPHICA SECTION B, STRUCTURAL SCIENCE, CRYSTAL ENGINEERING AND MATERIALS 2019; 75:8-17. [PMID: 32830773 DOI: 10.1107/s2052520618016177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2018] [Accepted: 11/14/2018] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Cobalt ferrite ultrathin films with the inverse spinel structure are among the best candidates for spin filtering at room temperature. High-quality epitaxial CoFe2O4 films about 4 nm thick have been fabricated on Ag(001) following a three-step method: an ultrathin metallic CoFe2 alloy was first grown in coherent epitaxy on the substrate and then treated twice with O2, first at room temperature and then during annealing. The epitaxial orientation and the surface, interface and film structure were resolved using a combination of low-energy electron diffraction, scanning tunnelling microscopy, Auger electron spectroscopy and in situ grazing-incidence X-ray diffraction. A slight tetragonal distortion was observed, which should drive the easy magnetization axis in-plane due to the large magneto-elastic coupling of such a material. The so-called inversion parameter, i.e. the Co fraction occupying octahedral sites in the ferrite spinel structure, is a key element for its spin-dependent electronic gap. It was obtained through in situ resonant X-ray diffraction measurements collected at both the Co and Fe K edges. The data analysis was performed using FDMNES, an ab initio program already extensively used to simulate X-ray absorption spectroscopy, and shows that the Co ions are predominantly located on octahedral sites with an inversion parameter of 0.88 (5). Ex situ X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy gives an estimation in accordance with the values obtained through diffraction analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maurizio De Santis
- Institut Néel, Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble INP, Grenoble 38042, France
| | - Aude Bailly
- Institut Néel, Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble INP, Grenoble 38042, France
| | - Ian Coates
- Institut Néel, Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble INP, Grenoble 38042, France
| | - Stéphane Grenier
- Institut Néel, Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble INP, Grenoble 38042, France
| | - Olivier Heckmann
- LMPS, Université de Cergy-Pontoise, Neuville/Oise, Cergy-Pontoise 95031, France
| | - Karol Hricovini
- LMPS, Université de Cergy-Pontoise, Neuville/Oise, Cergy-Pontoise 95031, France
| | - Yves Joly
- Institut Néel, Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble INP, Grenoble 38042, France
| | | | - Aline Y Ramos
- Institut Néel, Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble INP, Grenoble 38042, France
| | - Christine Richter
- LMPS, Université de Cergy-Pontoise, Neuville/Oise, Cergy-Pontoise 95031, France
| | - Xavier Torrelles
- Institut de Ciència de Materials de Barcelona (ICMAB), CSIC, Bellaterra, Barcelona 08193, Spain
| | - Stéphanie Garaudée
- Institut Néel, Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble INP, Grenoble 38042, France
| | - Olivier Geaymond
- Institut Néel, Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble INP, Grenoble 38042, France
| | - Olivier Ulrich
- INAC/MEM, Université Grenoble Alpes, CEA, Grenoble 38054, France
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21
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Chen A, Su Q, Han H, Enriquez E, Jia Q. Metal Oxide Nanocomposites: A Perspective from Strain, Defect, and Interface. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2019; 31:e1803241. [PMID: 30368932 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201803241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2018] [Revised: 08/13/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Vertically aligned nanocomposite thin films with ordered two phases, grown epitaxially on substrates, have attracted tremendous interest in the past decade. These unique nanostructured composite thin films with large vertical interfacial area, controllable vertical lattice strain, and defects provide an intriguing playground, allowing for the manipulation of a variety of functional properties of the materials via the interplay among strain, defect, and interface. This field has evolved from basic growth and characterization to functionality tuning as well as potential applications in energy conversion and information technology. Here, the remarkable progress achieved in vertically aligned nanocomposite thin films from a perspective of tuning functionalities through control of strain, defect, and interface is summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aiping Chen
- Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies (CINT), Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, 87545, USA
| | - Qing Su
- Nebraska Center for Energy Sciences Research, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, 68583, USA
| | - Hyungkyu Han
- Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies (CINT), Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, 87545, USA
| | - Erik Enriquez
- Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies (CINT), Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, 87545, USA
| | - Quanxi Jia
- Department of Materials Design and Innovation, University at Buffalo-The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, 14260, USA
- Division of Quantum Phases and Devices, Department of Physics, Konkuk University, Seoul, 143-701, South Korea
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22
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Li T, Zeng K. Probing of Local Multifield Coupling Phenomena of Advanced Materials by Scanning Probe Microscopy Techniques. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2018; 30:e1803064. [PMID: 30306656 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201803064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2018] [Revised: 07/22/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The characterization of the local multifield coupling phenomenon (MCP) in various functional/structural materials by using scanning probe microscopy (SPM)-based techniques is comprehensively reviewed. Understanding MCP has great scientific and engineering significance in materials science and engineering, as in many practical applications, materials and devices are operated under a combination of multiple physical fields, such as electric, magnetic, optical, chemical and force fields, and working environments, such as different atmospheres, large temperature fluctuations, humidity, or acidic space. The materials' responses to the synergetic effects of the multifield (physical and environmental) determine the functionalities, performance, lifetime of the materials, and even the devices' manufacturing. SPM techniques are effective and powerful tools to characterize the local effects of MCP. Here, an introduction of the local MCP, the descriptions of several important SPM techniques, especially the electrical, mechanical, chemical, and optical related techniques, and the applications of SPM techniques to investigate the local phenomena and mechanisms in oxide materials, energy materials, biomaterials, and supramolecular materials are covered. Finally, an outlook of the MCP and SPM techniques in materials research is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Li
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, National University of Singapore, 9 Engineering Drive 1, Singapore, 117576, Singapore
- Center for Spintronics and Quantum System, State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Shaanxi, 710049, Xi'an, China
| | - Kaiyang Zeng
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, National University of Singapore, 9 Engineering Drive 1, Singapore, 117576, Singapore
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23
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Lauzier J, Sutton L, de la Venta J. Magnetic irreversibility in VO 2/Ni bilayers. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2018; 30:374004. [PMID: 30043758 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/aad5af] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
We studied the temperature dependence of the magnetic properties of VO2/Ni bilayers. The Ni films were deposited on either monoclinic or rutile phase VO2. The temperature induced VO2 transformation from a monoclinic to a rutile structure induces strain in the Ni film. Due to an inverse magnetoelastic effect the coercivity of the Ni films is strongly modified. Both Ni films show strong enhancement of the coercivity near the transition temperature. The coercivity enhancement of Ni is associated with the phase coexistence observed in the VO2 first order phase transition. Above the transition temperature, Ni deposited on monoclinic VO2 shows a coercivity enhancement whereas Ni deposited on rutile VO2 shows suppression of the coercivity. The samples were cycled several times to check if the changes in coercivity were reversible. While samples with Ni deposited on rutile VO2 show reversibility, samples with Ni deposited on monoclinic VO2 shown an irreversibility after the first structural phase transition. This irreversibility can be associated with cracking of the VO2 layer as it relieves stress due to the transition and has implications for the resistance versus temperature behavior of the VO2.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Lauzier
- Department of Physics, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, United States of America
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24
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Trivedi H, Shvartsman VV, Lupascu DC, Medeiros MSA, Pullar RC. Stress induced magnetic-domain evolution in magnetoelectric composites. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2018; 29:255702. [PMID: 29469056 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/aab181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Local observation of the stress mediated magnetoelectric (ME) effect in composites has gained a great deal of interest over the last decades. However, there is an apparent lack of rigorous methods for a quantitative characterization of the ME effect at the local scale, especially in polycrystalline microstructures. In the present work, we address this issue by locally probing the surface magnetic state of barium titante-hexagonal barium ferrite (BaTiO3-BaFe12O19) ceramic composites using magnetic force microscopy (MFM). The effect of the piezoelectrically induced local stress on the magnetostrictive component (BaFe12O19, BaM) was observed in the form of the evolution of the magnetic domains. The local piezoelectric stress was induced by applying a voltage to the neighboring BaTiO3 grains, using a conductive atomic force microscopy tip. The resulting stochastic evolution of magnetic domains was studied in the context of the induced magnetoelastic anisotropy. In order to overcome the ambiguity in the domain changes observed by MFM, certain generalizations about the observed MFM contrast are put forward, followed by application of an algorithm for extracting the average micromagnetic changes. An average change in domain wall thickness of 50 nm was extracted, giving a lower limit on the corresponding induced magnetoelastic anisotropy energy. Furthermore, we demonstrate that this induced magnetomechanical energy is approximately equal to the K1 magnetocrystalline anisotropy constant of BaM, and compare it with a modeled value of applied elastic energy density. The comparison allowed us to judge the quality of the interfaces in the composite system, by roughly gauging the energy conversion ratio.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harsh Trivedi
- Institute for Materials Science and Center for Nanointegration Duisburg-Essen (CENIDE), University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
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25
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Wu R, Kursumovic A, Gao X, Yun C, Vickers ME, Wang H, Cho S, MacManus-Driscoll JL. Design of a Vertical Composite Thin Film System with Ultralow Leakage To Yield Large Converse Magnetoelectric Effect. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2018; 10:18237-18245. [PMID: 29732880 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b03837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Electric field control of magnetism is a critical future technology for low-power, ultrahigh density memory. However, despite intensive research efforts, no practical material systems have emerged. Interface-coupled, composite systems containing ferroelectric and ferri-/ferromagnetic elements have been widely explored, but they have a range of problems, for example, substrate clamping, large leakage, and inability to miniaturize. In this work, through careful material selection, design, and nanoengineering, a high-performance room-temperature magnetoelectric system is demonstrated. The clamping problem is overcome by using a vertically aligned nanocomposite structure in which the strain coupling is independent of the substrate. To overcome the leakage problem, three key novel advances are introduced: a low leakage ferroelectric, Na0.5Bi0.5TiO3; ferroelectric-ferrimagnetic vertical interfaces which are not conducting; and current blockage via a rectifying interface between the film and the Nb-doped SrTiO3 substrate. The new multiferroic nanocomposite (Na0.5Bi0.5TiO3-CoFe2O4) thin-film system enables, for the first time, large-scale in situ electric field control of magnetic anisotropy at room temperature in a system applicable for magnetoelectric random access memory, with a magnetoelectric coefficient of 1.25 × 10-9 s m-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Wu
- Department of Materials Science and Metallurgy , University of Cambridge , 27 Charles Babbage Road , Cambridge CB3 0FS , United Kingdom
| | - Ahmed Kursumovic
- Department of Materials Science and Metallurgy , University of Cambridge , 27 Charles Babbage Road , Cambridge CB3 0FS , United Kingdom
| | - Xingyao Gao
- Materials Engineering , Purdue University , West Lafayette , Indiana 47907 , United States
| | - Chao Yun
- Department of Materials Science and Metallurgy , University of Cambridge , 27 Charles Babbage Road , Cambridge CB3 0FS , United Kingdom
| | - Mary E Vickers
- Department of Materials Science and Metallurgy , University of Cambridge , 27 Charles Babbage Road , Cambridge CB3 0FS , United Kingdom
| | - Haiyan Wang
- Materials Engineering , Purdue University , West Lafayette , Indiana 47907 , United States
| | - Seungho Cho
- Department of Materials Science and Metallurgy , University of Cambridge , 27 Charles Babbage Road , Cambridge CB3 0FS , United Kingdom
| | - Judith L MacManus-Driscoll
- Department of Materials Science and Metallurgy , University of Cambridge , 27 Charles Babbage Road , Cambridge CB3 0FS , United Kingdom
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26
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Huang C, Du Y, Wu H, Xiang H, Deng K, Kan E. Prediction of Intrinsic Ferromagnetic Ferroelectricity in a Transition-Metal Halide Monolayer. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2018; 120:147601. [PMID: 29694145 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.120.147601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2017] [Revised: 09/25/2017] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The realization of multiferroics in nanostructures, combined with a large electric dipole and ferromagnetic ordering, could lead to new applications, such as high-density multistate data storage. Although multiferroics have been broadly studied for decades, ferromagnetic ferroelectricity is rarely explored, especially in two-dimensional (2D) systems. Here we report the discovery of 2D ferromagnetic ferroelectricity in layered transition-metal halide systems. On the basis of first-principles calculations, we reveal that a charged CrBr_{3} monolayer exhibits in-plane multiferroicity, which is ensured by the combination of orbital and charge ordering as realized by the asymmetric Jahn-Teller distortions of octahedral Cr─Br_{6} units. As an example, we further show that (CrBr_{3})_{2}Li is a ferromagnetic ferroelectric multiferroic. The explored phenomena and mechanism of multiferroics in this 2D system not only are useful for fundamental research in multiferroics but also enable a wide range of applications in nanodevices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengxi Huang
- Department of Applied Physics and Institution of Energy and Microstructure, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210094, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Soft Chemistry and Functional Materials (Ministry of Education), Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210094, People's Republic of China
| | - Yongping Du
- Department of Applied Physics and Institution of Energy and Microstructure, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210094, People's Republic of China
| | - Haiping Wu
- Department of Applied Physics and Institution of Energy and Microstructure, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210094, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongjun Xiang
- Key Laboratory of Computational Physical Sciences (Ministry of Education), State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics, and Department of Physics, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, People's Republic of China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing 210093, People's Republic of China
| | - Kaiming Deng
- Department of Applied Physics and Institution of Energy and Microstructure, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210094, People's Republic of China
| | - Erjun Kan
- Department of Applied Physics and Institution of Energy and Microstructure, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210094, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Soft Chemistry and Functional Materials (Ministry of Education), Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210094, People's Republic of China
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27
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Nanopillars with E-field accessible multi-state (N ≥ 4) magnetization having giant magnetization changes in self-assembled BiFeO 3-CoFe 2O 4/Pb(Mg 1/3Nb 2/3)-38at%PbTiO 3 heterostructures. Sci Rep 2018; 8:1628. [PMID: 29374177 PMCID: PMC5786110 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-19673-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2017] [Accepted: 01/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
We have deposited self-assembled BiFeO3-CoFe2O4 (BFO-CFO) thin films on (100)-oriented SrRuO3-buffered Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)0.62Ti0.38O3 (PMN-38PT) single crystal substrates. These heterostructures were used for the study of real-time changes in the magnetization with applied DC electric field (EDC). With increasing EDC, a giant magnetization change was observed along the out-of-plane (easy) axis. The induced magnetization changes of the CFO nanopillars in the BFO/CFO layer were about ΔM/MrDC = 93% at EDC = −3 kv/cm. A giant converse magnetoelectric (CME) coefficient of 1.3 × 10−7 s/m was estimated from the data. By changing EDC, we found multiple(N ≥ 4) unique possible values of a stable magnetization with memory on the removal of the field.
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28
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Basov S, Elissalde C, Simon Q, Maglione M, Castro-Chavarria C, de Beauvoir TH, Payan S, Temst K, Lazenka V, Andrei Antohe V, de Sá PMP, Sallagoity D, Piraux L. Simple synthesis and characterization of vertically aligned Ba 0.7Sr 0.3TiO 3-CoFe 2O 4 multiferroic nanocomposites from CoFe 2 nanopillar arrays. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2017; 28:475707. [PMID: 28961144 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/aa9016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
A new strategy to elaborate (1-3) type multiferroic nanocomposites with controlled dimensions and vertical alignment is presented. The process involves a supported nanoporous alumina layer as a template for growth of free-standing and vertically aligned CoFe2 nanopillars using a room temperature pulsed electrodeposition process. Ba0.70Sr0.30TiO3-CoFe2O4 multiferroic nanocomposites were grown through direct deposition of Ba0.7Sr0.3TiO3 films by radio-frequency sputtering on the top surface of the pillar structure, with in situ simultaneous oxidation of CoFe2 nanopillars. The vertically aligned multiferroic nanocomposites were characterized using various techniques for their structural and physical properties. The large interfacial area between the ferrimagnetic and ferroelectric phases leads to a magnetoelectric voltage coefficient as large as ∼320 mV cm-1 Oe-1 at room temperature, reaching the highest values reported so far for vertically architectured nanocomposite systems. This simple method has great potential for large-scale synthesis of many other hybrid vertically aligned multiferroic heterostructures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergey Basov
- Institut de Chimie de la Matière Condensée de Bordeaux, Université de Bordeaux, UPR-CNRS 9048, Avenue du Docteur Schweitzer 87, F-33600 Pessac, France. Institute of Condensed Matter and Nanosciences, Université catholique de Louvain, Place Croix du Sud 1, B-1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
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29
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Hamieh M, Dorkenoo KD, Taupier G, Henry Y, Halley D. Evidence of a permanent electric polarisation in highly strained Cr 2O 3 clusters measured by a second harmonic generation technique. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2017; 29:205301. [PMID: 28338475 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/aa68f8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
We investigate the second harmonic generation (SHG) signal in strained Cr2O3 clusters. We show that the SHG signal generated by nanometric Cr2O3 clusters embedded in MgO varies under an applied electric field, at room temperature. The variation of the intensity follows a Langevin law as a function of the electric field, which is consistent with a super-paraelectric clusters assembly. This reveals the presence of a weak spontaneous electric dipole in Cr2O3 when in the shape of highly strained epitaxial clusters, whereas this material does not posses any permanent electric dipole in the bulk phase. These results indicate that the multiferroic state recently observed at low temperature in those clusters, which was associated to a giant magneto-electric effect, might still exist at room temperature: this opens the way to new applications based on chromium oxide strained nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Hamieh
- Institut de Physique et Chimie des Matériaux de Strasbourg, UMR, 7504, CNRS, 23 rue du Loess, BP 43, F-67034 Strasbourg Cedex 2, France
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30
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McDannald A, Ye L, Cantoni C, Gollapudi S, Srinivasan G, Huey BD, Jain M. Switchable 3-0 magnetoelectric nanocomposite thin film with high coupling. NANOSCALE 2017; 9:3246-3251. [PMID: 28225123 DOI: 10.1039/c6nr08674h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
A mixed precursor solution method was used to deposit 3-0 nanocomposite thin films of PbZr0.52Ti0.48O3 (PZT) and CoFe2O4 (CFO). The piezoelectric behavior of PZT and magnetostrictive behavior of CFO allow for magnetoelectric (ME) coupling through strain transfer between the respective phases. High ME coupling is desired for many applications including memory devices, magnetic field sensors, and energy harvesters. The spontaneous phase separation in the 3-0 nanocomposite film was observed, with 25 nm CFO particle or nanophases distributed in discrete layers through the thickness of the PZT matrix. Magnetic-force microscopy images of the nanocomposite thin film under opposite magnetic poling conditions revealed in-plane pancake-like regions of higher concentration of the CFO nanoparticles. The constraints on the size and distribution of the CFO nanoparticles created a unique distribution in a PZT matrix and achieved values of ME coupling of 3.07 V cm-1 Oe-1 at a DC bias of 250 Oe and 1 kHz, increasing up to 25.0 V cm-1 Oe-1 at 90 kHz. Piezo-force microscopy was used to investigate the ferroelectric domain structure before and after opposite magnetic poling directions. It was found that in this nanocomposite, the polarization of the ferroelectric domains switched direction as a result of switching the direction of the magnetization by magnetic fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Austin McDannald
- Institute of Materials Science, University of Connecticut, 97 N Eagleville Rd, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
| | - Linghan Ye
- Institute of Materials Science, University of Connecticut, 97 N Eagleville Rd, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
| | - Claudia Cantoni
- Materials Science & Technology Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, 1 Bethel Valley Rd, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA
| | - Sreenivasulu Gollapudi
- Department of Physics, Oakland University, 2200 N. Squirrel Road, Rochester, MI 48309, USA
| | - Gopalan Srinivasan
- Department of Physics, Oakland University, 2200 N. Squirrel Road, Rochester, MI 48309, USA
| | - Bryan D Huey
- Institute of Materials Science, University of Connecticut, 97 N Eagleville Rd, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
| | - Menka Jain
- Institute of Materials Science, University of Connecticut, 97 N Eagleville Rd, Storrs, CT 06269, USA and Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, 97 N Eagleville Rd, Storrs, CT 06269, USA.
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31
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Yourdkhani A, Caruntu D, Vopson M, Caruntu G. 1D core–shell magnetoelectric nanocomposites by template-assisted liquid phase deposition. CrystEngComm 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ce00101k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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32
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Tang D, Zeng Z, Zhou Q, Su S, Hu D, Li P, Lin X, Gao X, Lu X, Wang X, Jin M, Zhou G, Zhang Z, Liu J. Ordered multiferroic CoFe2O4–Pb(Zr0.52Ti0.48)O3coaxial nanotube arrays with enhanced magnetoelectric coupling. RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ra04183g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
In this paper, vertically free-standing multiferroic CoFe2O4–Pb(Zr0.52Ti0.48)O3(CFO–PZT) coaxial nanotube arrays with both good ordering and high density were prepared by a template-assisted sol–gel method.
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33
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Erdem D, Bingham NS, Heiligtag FJ, Pilet N, Warnicke P, Vaz CAF, Shi Y, Buzzi M, Rupp JLM, Heyderman LJ, Niederberger M. Nanoparticle-Based Magnetoelectric BaTiO 3-CoFe 2O 4 Thin Film Heterostructures for Voltage Control of Magnetism. ACS NANO 2016; 10:9840-9851. [PMID: 27704780 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.6b05469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Multiferroic composite materials combining ferroelectric and ferromagnetic order at room temperature have great potential for emerging applications such as four-state memories, magnetoelectric sensors, and microwave devices. In this paper, we report an effective and facile liquid phase deposition route to create multiferroic composite thin films involving the spin-coating of nanoparticle dispersions of BaTiO3, a well-known ferroelectric, and CoFe2O4, a highly magnetostrictive material. This approach offers great flexibility in terms of accessible film configurations (co-dispersed as well as layered films), thicknesses (from 100 nm to several μm) and composition (5-50 wt % CoFe2O4 with respect to BaTiO3) to address various potential applications. A detailed structural characterization proves that BaTiO3 and CoFe2O4 remain phase-separated with clear interfaces on the nanoscale after heat treatment, while electrical and magnetic studies indicate the simultaneous presence of both ferroelectric and ferromagnetic order. Furthermore, coupling between these orders within the films is demonstrated with voltage control of the magnetism at ambient temperatures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Derya Erdem
- Laboratory for Multifunctional Materials, Department of Materials, ETH Zurich , Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 5, 8093, Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Florian J Heiligtag
- Laboratory for Multifunctional Materials, Department of Materials, ETH Zurich , Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 5, 8093, Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Markus Niederberger
- Laboratory for Multifunctional Materials, Department of Materials, ETH Zurich , Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 5, 8093, Zurich, Switzerland
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34
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Ojha S, Nunes WC, Aimon NM, Ross CA. Magnetostatic Interactions in Self-Assembled CoxNi1-xFe2O4/BiFeO3 Multiferroic Nanocomposites. ACS NANO 2016; 10:7657-7664. [PMID: 27434047 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.6b02985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Self-assembled vertically aligned oxide nanocomposites consisting of magnetic pillars embedded in a ferroelectric matrix have been proposed for logic devices made from arrays of magnetostatically interacting pillars. To control the ratio between the nearest neighbor interaction field and the switching field of the pillars, the pillar composition CoxNi1-xFe2O4 was varied over the range 0 ≤ x ≤ 1, which alters the magnetoelastic and magnetocrystalline anisotropy and the saturation magnetization. Nanocomposites were templated into square arrays of pillars in which the formation of a "checkerboard" ground state after ac-demagnetization indicated dominant magnetostatic interactions. The effect of switching field distribution in disrupting the antiparallel nearest neighbor configuration was analyzed using an Ising model and compared with experimental results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuchi Ojha
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology , Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Wallace C Nunes
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology , Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Nicolas M Aimon
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology , Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Caroline A Ross
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology , Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
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35
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Switching of magnetic easy-axis using crystal orientation for large perpendicular coercivity in CoFe2O4 thin film. Sci Rep 2016; 6:30074. [PMID: 27435010 PMCID: PMC4951806 DOI: 10.1038/srep30074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2016] [Accepted: 06/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Perpendicular magnetization and precise control over the magnetic easy axis in magnetic thin film is necessary for a variety of applications, particularly in magnetic recording media. A strong (111) orientation is successfully achieved in the CoFe2O4 (CFO) thin film at relatively low substrate temperature of 100 °C, whereas the (311)-preferred randomly oriented CFO is prepared at room temperature by the DC magnetron sputtering technique. The oxygen-deficient porous CFO film after post-annealing gives rise to compressive strain perpendicular to the film surface, which induces large perpendicular coercivity. We observe the coercivity of 11.3 kOe in the 40-nm CFO thin film, which is the highest perpendicular coercivity ever achieved on an amorphous SiO2/Si substrate. The present approach can guide the systematic tuning of the magnetic easy axis and coercivity in the desired direction with respect to crystal orientation in the nanoscale regime. Importantly, this can be achieved on virtually any type of substrate.
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36
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Damodaran AR, Agar JC, Pandya S, Chen Z, Dedon L, Xu R, Apgar B, Saremi S, Martin LW. New modalities of strain-control of ferroelectric thin films. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2016; 28:263001. [PMID: 27187744 DOI: 10.1088/0953-8984/28/26/263001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Ferroelectrics, with their spontaneous switchable electric polarization and strong coupling between their electrical, mechanical, thermal, and optical responses, provide functionalities crucial for a diverse range of applications. Over the past decade, there has been significant progress in epitaxial strain engineering of oxide ferroelectric thin films to control and enhance the nature of ferroelectric order, alter ferroelectric susceptibilities, and to create new modes of response which can be harnessed for various applications. This review aims to cover some of the most important discoveries in strain engineering over the past decade and highlight some of the new and emerging approaches for strain control of ferroelectrics. We discuss how these new approaches to strain engineering provide promising routes to control and decouple ferroelectric susceptibilities and create new modes of response not possible in the confines of conventional strain engineering. To conclude, we will provide an overview and prospectus of these new and interesting modalities of strain engineering helping to accelerate their widespread development and implementation in future functional devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anoop R Damodaran
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California, USA
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37
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Halley D, Najjari N, Godel F, Hamieh M, Doudin B, Henry Y. Voltage-dependent magnetic phase transition in magneto-electric epitaxial Cr2O3 nanoclusters. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2016; 27:245706. [PMID: 27159190 DOI: 10.1088/0957-4484/27/24/245706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
We observe, as a function of temperature, a second order magnetic phase transition in nanometric Cr2O3 clusters that are epitaxially embedded in an insulating MgO matrix. They are investigated through their tunnel magneto-resistance signature, the MgO layer being used as a tunnel barrier. We infer the small magnetic dipoles carried by the Cr2O3 clusters and provide evidence of a magnetic phase transition at low temperature in those clusters: they evolve from an anti ferromagnetic state, with zero net moment close to 0 K, to a weak ferromagnetic state that saturates above about 10 K. The influence of magneto-electric effects on the weak ferromagnetic phase is also striking: the second order transition temperature turns out to be linearly dependent on the applied electric field.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Halley
- IPCMS, 23 rue du Loess, BP 43, F-67034 Strasbourg Cedex 2, France
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38
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The memory effect of magnetoelectric coupling in FeGaB/NiTi/PMN-PT multiferroic heterostructure. Sci Rep 2016; 6:20450. [PMID: 26847469 PMCID: PMC4742774 DOI: 10.1038/srep20450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2015] [Accepted: 01/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Magnetoelectric coupling effect has provided a power efficient approach in controlling the magnetic properties of ferromagnetic materials. However, one remaining issue of ferromagnetic/ferroelectric magnetoelectric bilayer composite is that the induced effective anisotropy disappears with the removal of the electric field. The introducing of the shape memory alloys may prevent such problem by taking the advantage of its shape memory effect. Additionally, the shape memory alloy can also “store” the magnetoelectric coupling before heat release, which introduces more functionality to the system. In this paper, we study a FeGaB/NiTi/PMN-PT multiferroic heterostructure, which can be operating in different states with electric field and temperature manipulation. Such phenomenon is promising for tunable multiferroic devices with multi-functionalities.
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39
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Tian G, Zhang F, Yao J, Fan H, Li P, Li Z, Song X, Zhang X, Qin M, Zeng M, Zhang Z, Yao J, Gao X, Liu J. Magnetoelectric Coupling in Well-Ordered Epitaxial BiFeO3/CoFe2O4/SrRuO3 Heterostructured Nanodot Array. ACS NANO 2016; 10:1025-1032. [PMID: 26651132 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.5b06339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Multiferroic magnetoelectric (ME) composites exhibit sizable ME coupling at room temperature, promising applications in a wide range of novel devices. For high density integrated devices, it is indispensable to achieve a well-ordered nanostructured array with reasonable ME coupling. For this purpose, we explored the well-ordered array of isolated epitaxial BiFeO3/CoFe2O4/SrRuO3 heterostructured nanodots fabricated by nanoporous anodic alumina (AAO) template method. The arrayed heterostructured nanodots demonstrate well-established epitaxial structures and coexistence of piezoelectric and ferromagnetic properties, as revealed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and peizoeresponse/magnetic force microscopy (PFM/MFM). It was found that the heterostructured nanodots yield apparent ME coupling, likely due to the effective transfer of interface couplings along with the substantial release of substrate clamping. A noticeable change in piezoelectric response of the nanodots can be triggered by magnetic field, indicating a substantial enhancement of ME coupling. Moreover, an electric field induced magnetization switching in these nanodots can be observed, showing a large reverse ME effect. These results offer good opportunities of the nanodots for applications in high-density ME devices, e.g., high density recording (>100 Gbit/in.(2)) or logic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guo Tian
- Institute for Advanced Materials and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Quantum Engineering and Quantum Materials, South China Normal University , Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Fengyuan Zhang
- Institute for Advanced Materials and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Quantum Engineering and Quantum Materials, South China Normal University , Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Junxiang Yao
- Institute for Advanced Materials and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Quantum Engineering and Quantum Materials, South China Normal University , Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Hua Fan
- Institute for Advanced Materials and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Quantum Engineering and Quantum Materials, South China Normal University , Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Peilian Li
- Institute for Advanced Materials and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Quantum Engineering and Quantum Materials, South China Normal University , Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Zhongwen Li
- Institute for Advanced Materials and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Quantum Engineering and Quantum Materials, South China Normal University , Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Xiao Song
- Institute for Advanced Materials and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Quantum Engineering and Quantum Materials, South China Normal University , Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Xiaoyan Zhang
- Institute for Advanced Materials and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Quantum Engineering and Quantum Materials, South China Normal University , Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Minghui Qin
- Institute for Advanced Materials and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Quantum Engineering and Quantum Materials, South China Normal University , Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Min Zeng
- Institute for Advanced Materials and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Quantum Engineering and Quantum Materials, South China Normal University , Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Zhang Zhang
- Institute for Advanced Materials and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Quantum Engineering and Quantum Materials, South China Normal University , Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Jianjun Yao
- Asylum Research , Santa Barbara, California 93117, United States
| | - Xingsen Gao
- Institute for Advanced Materials and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Quantum Engineering and Quantum Materials, South China Normal University , Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Junming Liu
- Institute for Advanced Materials and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Quantum Engineering and Quantum Materials, South China Normal University , Guangzhou 510006, China
- Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures and Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University , Nanjing 210093, China
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40
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Chen Y, Ojha S, Tsvetkov N, Kim DH, Yildiz B, Ross CA. Spinel/perovskite cobaltite nanocomposites synthesized by combinatorial pulsed laser deposition. CrystEngComm 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ce01445c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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41
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Taniyama T. Electric-field control of magnetism via strain transfer across ferromagnetic/ferroelectric interfaces. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2015; 27:504001. [PMID: 26613163 DOI: 10.1088/0953-8984/27/50/504001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
By taking advantage of the coupling between magnetism and ferroelectricity, ferromagnetic (FM)/ferroelectric (FE) multiferroic interfaces play a pivotal role in manipulating magnetism by electric fields. Integrating the multiferroic heterostructures into spintronic devices significantly reduces energy dissipation from Joule heating because only an electric field is required to switch the magnetic element. New concepts of storage and processing of information thus can be envisioned when the electric-field control of magnetism is a viable alternative to the traditional current based means of controlling magnetism. This article reviews some salient aspects of the electric-field effects on magnetism, providing a short overview of the mechanisms of magneto-electric (ME) coupling at the FM/FE interfaces. A particular emphasis is placed on the ME effect via interfacial magneto-elastic coupling arising from strain transfer from the FE to FM layer. Recent results that demonstrate the electric-field control of magnetic anisotropy, magnetic order, magnetic domain wall motion, and etc are described. Obstacles that need to be overcome are also discussed for making this a reality for future device applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoyasu Taniyama
- Materials and Structures Laboratory, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta, Yokohama 226-8503, Japan
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42
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Evans DM, Alexe M, Schilling A, Kumar A, Sanchez D, Ortega N, Katiyar RS, Scott JF, Gregg JM. The nature of magnetoelectric coupling in Pb(Zr,Ti)O3 -Pb(Fe,Ta)O3. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2015; 27:6068-6073. [PMID: 26351267 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201501749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2015] [Revised: 06/25/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The coupling between magnetization and polarization in a room temperature multiferroic (Pb(Zr,Ti)O3 -Pb(Fe,Ta)O3 ) is explored by monitoring the changes in capacitance that occur when a magnetic field is applied in each of three orthogonal directions. Magnetocapacitance effects, consistent with P(2) M(2) coupling, are strongest when fields are applied in the plane of the single crystal sheet investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donald M Evans
- Centre for Nanostructured Media, School of Maths and Physics, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast BT7 1NN, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Marin Alexe
- Department of Physics, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK
| | - Alina Schilling
- Centre for Nanostructured Media, School of Maths and Physics, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast BT7 1NN, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Ashok Kumar
- National Physical Laboratory, New Delhi, Delhi, 110012, India
| | - Dilsom Sanchez
- Institute for Functional Nanomaterials, University of Puerto Rico, PO Box 23334, San Juan, PR, 00931-3334, USA
| | - Nora Ortega
- Institute for Functional Nanomaterials, University of Puerto Rico, PO Box 23334, San Juan, PR, 00931-3334, USA
| | - Ram S Katiyar
- Institute for Functional Nanomaterials, University of Puerto Rico, PO Box 23334, San Juan, PR, 00931-3334, USA
| | - James F Scott
- School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, KY16 9ST, Scotland, UK
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of St Andrews, North Haugh, St Andrews, KY16 9SS, Scotland, UK
| | - J Marty Gregg
- Centre for Nanostructured Media, School of Maths and Physics, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast BT7 1NN, Northern Ireland, UK
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43
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Zhang W, Li L, Lu P, Fan M, Su Q, Khatkhatay F, Chen A, Jia Q, Zhang X, MacManus-Driscoll JL, Wang H. Perpendicular Exchange-Biased Magnetotransport at the Vertical Heterointerfaces in La(0.7)Sr(0.3)MnO3:NiO Nanocomposites. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2015; 7:21646-21651. [PMID: 26394548 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.5b06314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Heterointerfaces in manganite-based heterostructures in either layered or vertical geometry control their magnetotransport properties. Instead of using spin-polarized tunneling across the interface, a unique approach based on the magnetic exchange coupling along the vertical interface to control the magnetotransport properties has been demonstrated. By coupling ferromagnetic La0.7Sr0.3MnO3 and antiferromagnetic NiO in an epitaxial vertically aligned nanocomposite (VAN) architecture, a dynamic and reversible switch of the resistivity between two distinct exchange biased states has been achieved. This study explores the use of vertical interfacial exchange coupling to tailor magnetotransport properties, and demonstrates their viability for spintronic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ping Lu
- Sandia National Laboratories , Albuquerque, New Mexico 87185, United States
| | | | | | | | - Aiping Chen
- Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies, MS K771, Los Alamos National Laboratory , Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, United States
| | - Quanxi Jia
- Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies, MS K771, Los Alamos National Laboratory , Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, United States
| | | | - Judith L MacManus-Driscoll
- Department of Materials Science and Metallurgy, University of Cambridge , 27 Charles Babbage Road, Cambridge CB3 OFS, United Kingdom
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44
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Epitaxial growth of highly-crystalline spinel ferrite thin films on perovskite substrates for all-oxide devices. Sci Rep 2015; 5:10363. [PMID: 26030835 PMCID: PMC4450760 DOI: 10.1038/srep10363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2014] [Accepted: 04/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The potential growth modes for epitaxial growth of Fe3O4 on SrTiO3 (001) are investigated through control of the energetics of the pulsed-laser deposition growth process (via substrate temperature and laser fluence). We find that Fe3O4 grows epitaxially in three distinct growth modes: 2D-like, island, and 3D-to-2D, the last of which is characterized by films that begin growth in an island growth mode before progressing to a 2D growth mode. Films grown in the 2D-like and 3D-to-2D growth modes are atomically flat and partially strained, while films grown in the island growth mode are terminated in islands and fully relaxed. We find that the optimal structural, transport, and magnetic properties are obtained for films grown on the 2D-like/3D-to-2D growth regime boundary. The viability for including such thin films in perovskite-based all-oxide devices is demonstrated by growing a Fe3O4/La0.7Sr0.3MnO3 spin valve epitaxially on SrTiO3.
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45
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Chen X, Zhu X, Xiao W, Liu G, Feng YP, Ding J, Li RW. Nanoscale magnetization reversal caused by electric field-induced ion migration and redistribution in cobalt ferrite thin films. ACS NANO 2015; 9:4210-4218. [PMID: 25794422 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.5b00456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Reversible nanoscale magnetization reversal controlled merely by electric fields is still challenging at the moment. In this report, first-principles calculation indicates that electric field-induced magnetization reversal can be achieved by the appearance of unidirectional magnetic anisotropy along the (110) direction in Fe-deficient cobalt ferrite (CoFe(2-x)O4, CFO), as a result of the migration and local redistribution of the Co(2+) ions adjacent to the B-site Fe vacancies. In good agreement with the theoretical model, we experimentally observed that in the CFO thin films the nanoscale magnetization can be reversibly and nonvolatilely reversed at room temperature via an electrical ion-manipulation approach, wherein the application of electric fields with appropriate polarity and amplitude can modulate the size of magnetic domains with different magnetizations up to 70%. With the low power consumption (subpicojoule) characteristics and the elimination of external magnetic field, the observed electric field-induced magnetization reversal can be used for the construction of energy-efficient spintronic devices, e.g., low-power electric-write and magnetic-read memories.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Wen Xiao
- ‡Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National University of Singapore, 119260, Singapore
| | | | - Yuan Ping Feng
- §Department of Physics, National University of Singapore, 117542, Singapore
| | - Jun Ding
- ‡Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National University of Singapore, 119260, Singapore
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46
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Sone K, Naganuma H, Ito M, Miyazaki T, Nakajima T, Okamura S. 100-nm-sized magnetic domain reversal by the magneto-electric effect in self-assembled BiFeO3/CoFe2O4 bilayer films. Sci Rep 2015; 5:9348. [PMID: 25906339 PMCID: PMC5386112 DOI: 10.1038/srep09348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2014] [Accepted: 02/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
A (001)-epitaxial-BiFeO3/CoFe2O4 bilayer was grown by self-assembly on SrTiO3 (100) substrates by just coating a mixture precursor solution. The thickness ratio of the bilayer could be controlled by adjusting the composition ratio. For example, a BiFeOx:CoFe2Ox = 4:1 (namely Bi4CoFe6Ox) mixture solution could make a total thickness of 110nm divided into 85-nm-thick BiFeO3 and 25-nm-thick CoFe2O4. Self-assembly of the bilayer occurred because the perovskite BiFeO3 better matched the lattice constant (misfit approximately 1%) and crystal symmetry of the perovskite SrTiO3 than the spinel CoFe2O4 (misfit approximately 7%). The magnetic domains of the hard magnet CoFe2O4 were switched by the polarization change of BiFeO3 due to an applied vertical voltage, and the switched magnetic domain size was approximately 100nm in diameter. These results suggest that self-assembled BiFeO3/CoFe2O4 bilayers are interesting in voltage driven nonvolatile memory with a low manufacturing cost.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keita Sone
- Department of Applied Physics, Faculty of Science, Tokyo University of Science, 6-1-3 Niijuku, Katsushika, Tokyo 125-8585, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Naganuma
- Department of Applied Physics, Tohoku University, 6-6-05 Aoba, Aramaki, Aoba, Sendai 980-8579, Japan
| | - Masaki Ito
- Department of Applied Physics, Faculty of Science, Tokyo University of Science, 6-1-3 Niijuku, Katsushika, Tokyo 125-8585, Japan
| | - Takamichi Miyazaki
- Department of Instrumental Analysis, Tohoku University, 6-6-11 Aoba, Aramaki, Aoba, Sendai 980-8579, Japan
| | - Takashi Nakajima
- Department of Applied Physics, Faculty of Science, Tokyo University of Science, 6-1-3 Niijuku, Katsushika, Tokyo 125-8585, Japan
| | - Soichiro Okamura
- Department of Applied Physics, Faculty of Science, Tokyo University of Science, 6-1-3 Niijuku, Katsushika, Tokyo 125-8585, Japan
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47
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Lupascu DC, Wende H, Etier M, Nazrabi A, Anusca I, Trivedi H, Shvartsman VV, Landers J, Salamon S, Schmitz-Antoniak C. Measuring the magnetoelectric effect across scales. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/gamm.201510003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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48
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Trivedi H, Shvartsman VV, Lupascu DC, Medeiros MSA, Pullar RC, Kholkin AL, Zelenovskiy P, Sosnovskikh A, Shur VY. Local manifestations of a static magnetoelectric effect in nanostructured BaTiO3-BaFe12O9 composite multiferroics. NANOSCALE 2015; 7:4489-4496. [PMID: 25683862 DOI: 10.1039/c4nr05657d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
A study on magnetoelectric phenomena in the barium titanate-barium hexaferrite (BaTiO3-BaFe12O19) composite system, using high resolution techniques including switching spectroscopy piezoresponse force microscopy (SSPFM) and spatially resolved confocal Raman microscopy (CRM), is presented. It is found that both the local piezoelectric coefficient and polarization switching parameters change on the application of an external magnetic field. The latter effect is rationalized by the influence of magnetostrictive stress on the domain dynamics. Processing of the Raman spectral data using principal component analysis (PCA) and self-modelling curve resolution (SMCR) allowed us to achieve high resolution phase distribution maps along with separation of average and localized spectral components. A significant effect of the magnetic field on the Raman spectra of the BaTiO3 phase has been revealed. The observed changes are comparable with the classical pressure dependent studies on BaTiO3, confirming the strain mediated character of the magnetoelectric coupling in the studied composites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harsh Trivedi
- Institute for Materials Science and Centre for Nanointegration Duisburg-Essen (CeNIDE), University of Duisburg-Essen, 45141 Essen, Germany.
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49
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Ghidini M, Maccherozzi F, Moya X, Phillips LC, Yan W, Soussi J, Métallier N, Vickers ME, Steinke NJ, Mansell R, Barnes CHW, Dhesi SS, Mathur ND. Perpendicular local magnetization under voltage control in Ni films on ferroelectric BaTiO₃ substrates. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2015; 27:1460-5. [PMID: 25640672 PMCID: PMC4515098 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201404799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2014] [Revised: 11/18/2014] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
High-resolution magnetoelectric imaging is used to demonstrate electrical control of the perpendicular local magnetization associated with 125 nm-wide magnetic stripe domains in 100-nm-thick Ni films. This magnetoelectric coupling is achieved in zero magnetic field using strain from ferroelectric BaTiO3 substrates to control perpendicular anisotropy imposed by the growth stress. These findings may be exploited for perpendicular recording in nanopatterned hybrid media.
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Affiliation(s)
- Massimo Ghidini
- Department of Materials Science, University of CambridgeCambridge, CB3 0FS, UK
- DiFeST, University of Parmaviale G. P. Usberti 7/A, Parma, 43124, Italy
| | | | - Xavier Moya
- Department of Materials Science, University of CambridgeCambridge, CB3 0FS, UK
| | - Lee C Phillips
- Department of Materials Science, University of CambridgeCambridge, CB3 0FS, UK
| | - Wenjing Yan
- Department of Materials Science, University of CambridgeCambridge, CB3 0FS, UK
| | - Jordane Soussi
- Department of Materials Science, University of CambridgeCambridge, CB3 0FS, UK
| | - Nicolas Métallier
- Department of Materials Science, University of CambridgeCambridge, CB3 0FS, UK
| | - Mary E Vickers
- Department of Materials Science, University of CambridgeCambridge, CB3 0FS, UK
| | - Nina -J Steinke
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of CambridgeCambridge, CB3 0HE, UK
- ISIS, Harwell Science and Innovation CampusDidcot, Oxfordshire, OX11 0QX, UK
| | - Rhodri Mansell
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of CambridgeCambridge, CB3 0HE, UK
| | | | | | - Neil D Mathur
- Department of Materials Science, University of CambridgeCambridge, CB3 0FS, UK
- E-mail:
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50
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Kang DG, Kim DY, Park M, Choi YJ, Im P, Lee JH, Kang SW, Jeong KU. Hierarchical Striped Walls Constructed by the Photopolymerization of Discotic Reactive Building Blocks in the Anisotropic Liquid Crystal Solvents. Macromolecules 2015. [DOI: 10.1021/ma502517s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Gue Kang
- Polymer Materials Fusion Research Center & Department of Polymer-Nano Science and Technology, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju 561-756, Korea
| | - Dae-Yoon Kim
- Polymer Materials Fusion Research Center & Department of Polymer-Nano Science and Technology, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju 561-756, Korea
| | - Minwook Park
- Polymer Materials Fusion Research Center & Department of Polymer-Nano Science and Technology, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju 561-756, Korea
| | - Yu-Jin Choi
- Polymer Materials Fusion Research Center & Department of Polymer-Nano Science and Technology, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju 561-756, Korea
| | - Pureun Im
- Polymer Materials Fusion Research Center & Department of Polymer-Nano Science and Technology, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju 561-756, Korea
| | - Jong-Hoon Lee
- Polymer Materials Fusion Research Center & Department of Polymer-Nano Science and Technology, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju 561-756, Korea
| | - Shin-Woong Kang
- Department
of BIN Fusion Technology, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju 561-756, Korea
| | - Kwang-Un Jeong
- Polymer Materials Fusion Research Center & Department of Polymer-Nano Science and Technology, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju 561-756, Korea
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