1
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Li Z, Chen Z, Xiao L, Zhou X, Zhao C, Zhang Y. Extremely Enhanced Photoluminescence in MoS 2-Derived Quantum Sheets. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024. [PMID: 38470979 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c17934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
Molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) quantum sheets (QSs) are attractive for applications due to their tunable energy band structures and optical and electronic properties. The photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY) of MoS2 QSs achieved by mechanical and liquid exfoliation and chemical vapor deposition is low. Some studies have reported that chemical treatment and elemental doping can improve the PLQY of transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs), but this is limited by complex instruments and reactions. In this study, a heat treatment method based on a polar solvent is reported to improve the PLQY and photoluminescence (PL) intensity of MoS2 QSs at room temperature. The absolute PLQY of treated MoS2 QSs is increased to 18.5%, and the PL intensity is increased by a factor of 64. This method is also effective for tungsten disulfide (WS2) QSs. The PL enhancement of QSs is attributed to oxidation of the edges. Such passivation/deformation of MoS2 QSs facilitates the radiative route rather than the nonradiative route, resulting in extreme enhancement of the PL. Our work could provide novel insights/routes toward the PL enhancement of TMD QSs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhangqiang Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Zhexue Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Liuyang Xiao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Xuanping Zhou
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Ce Zhao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Yong Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
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2
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Liu M, Lai Y, Marquez M, Vetrone F, Liang J. Short-wave Infrared Photoluminescence Lifetime Mapping of Rare-Earth Doped Nanoparticles Using All-Optical Streak Imaging. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2305284. [PMID: 38183381 PMCID: PMC10953585 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202305284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Revised: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/08/2024]
Abstract
The short-wave infrared (SWIR) photoluminescence lifetimes of rare-earth doped nanoparticles (RENPs) have found diverse applications in fundamental and applied research. Despite dazzling progress in the novel design and synthesis of RENPs with attractive optical properties, existing optical systems for SWIR photoluminescence lifetime imaging are still considerably restricted by inefficient photon detection, limited imaging speed, and low sensitivity. To overcome these challenges, SWIR photoluminescence lifetime imaging microscopy using an all-optical streak camera (PLIMASC) is developed. Synergizing scanning optics and a high-sensitivity InGaAs CMOS camera, SWIR-PLIMASC has a 1D imaging speed of up to 138.9 kHz in the spectral range of 900-1700 nm, which quantifies the photoluminescence lifetime of RENPs in a single shot. A 2D photoluminescence lifetime map can be acquired by 1D scanning of the sample. To showcase the power of SWIR-PLIMASC, a series of core-shell RENPs with distinct SWIR photoluminescence lifetimes is synthesized. In particular, using Er3+ -doped RENPs, SWIR-PLIMASC enables multiplexed anti-counterfeiting. Leveraging Ho3+ -doped RENPs as temperature indicators, this system is applied to SWIR photoluminescence lifetime-based thermometry. Opening up a new avenue for efficient SWIR photoluminescence lifetime mapping, this work is envisaged to contribute to advanced materials characterization, information science, and biomedicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miao Liu
- Centre Énergie Matériaux Télécommunications, Institut National de la Recherche ScientifiqueUniversité du Québec1650 boulevard Lionel‐Boulet, VarennesQuébecJ3X1P7Canada
| | - Yingming Lai
- Centre Énergie Matériaux Télécommunications, Institut National de la Recherche ScientifiqueUniversité du Québec1650 boulevard Lionel‐Boulet, VarennesQuébecJ3X1P7Canada
| | - Miguel Marquez
- Centre Énergie Matériaux Télécommunications, Institut National de la Recherche ScientifiqueUniversité du Québec1650 boulevard Lionel‐Boulet, VarennesQuébecJ3X1P7Canada
| | - Fiorenzo Vetrone
- Centre Énergie Matériaux Télécommunications, Institut National de la Recherche ScientifiqueUniversité du Québec1650 boulevard Lionel‐Boulet, VarennesQuébecJ3X1P7Canada
| | - Jinyang Liang
- Centre Énergie Matériaux Télécommunications, Institut National de la Recherche ScientifiqueUniversité du Québec1650 boulevard Lionel‐Boulet, VarennesQuébecJ3X1P7Canada
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3
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Mangnus MJJ, Benning VRM, Baumgartner B, Prins PT, van Swieten TP, Dekker AJH, van Blaaderen A, Weckhuysen BM, Meijerink A, Rabouw FT. Probing nearby molecular vibrations with lanthanide-doped nanocrystals. NANOSCALE 2023; 15:16601-16611. [PMID: 37812063 PMCID: PMC10600830 DOI: 10.1039/d3nr02997b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/30/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
The photoluminescence (PL) of lanthanide-doped nanocrystals can be quenched by energy transfer to vibrations of molecules located within a few nanometers from the dopants. Such short-range electronic-to-vibrational energy transfer (EVET) is often undesired as it reduces the photoluminescence efficiency. On the other hand, EVET may be exploited to extract information about molecular vibrations in the local environment of the nanocrystals. Here, we investigate the influence of solvent and gas environments on the PL properties of NaYF4:Er3+,Yb3+ upconversion nanocrystals. We relate changes in the PL spectrum and excited-state lifetimes in different solvents and their deuterated analogues to quenching of specific lanthanide levels by EVET to molecular vibrations. Similar but weaker changes are induced when we expose a film of nanocrystals to a gas environment with different amounts of H2O or D2O vapor. Quenching of green- and red-emitting levels of Er3+ can be explained in terms of EVET-mediated quenching that involves molecular vibrations with energies resonant with the gap between the energy levels of the lanthanide. Quenching of the near-infrared-emitting level is more complex and may involve EVET to combination-vibrations or defect-mediated quenching. EVET-mediated quenching holds promise as a mechanism to probe the local chemical environment-both for nanocrystals dispersed in a liquid and for nanocrystals exposed to gaseous molecules that adsorb onto the nanocrystal surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark J J Mangnus
- Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis group, Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science and Institute for Sustainable and Circular Chemistry, Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 99, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands.
- Soft Condensed Matter group, Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science, Utrecht University, Princetonplein 1, 3584 CC Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Vincent R M Benning
- Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis group, Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science and Institute for Sustainable and Circular Chemistry, Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 99, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands.
- Soft Condensed Matter group, Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science, Utrecht University, Princetonplein 1, 3584 CC Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Bettina Baumgartner
- Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis group, Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science and Institute for Sustainable and Circular Chemistry, Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 99, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands.
| | - P Tim Prins
- Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis group, Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science and Institute for Sustainable and Circular Chemistry, Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 99, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands.
| | - Thomas P van Swieten
- Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis group, Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science and Institute for Sustainable and Circular Chemistry, Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 99, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands.
- Condensed Matter and Interfaces group, Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science, Utrecht University, Princetonplein 1, 3584 CC Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Ayla J H Dekker
- Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis group, Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science and Institute for Sustainable and Circular Chemistry, Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 99, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands.
- Soft Condensed Matter group, Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science, Utrecht University, Princetonplein 1, 3584 CC Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Alfons van Blaaderen
- Soft Condensed Matter group, Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science, Utrecht University, Princetonplein 1, 3584 CC Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Bert M Weckhuysen
- Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis group, Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science and Institute for Sustainable and Circular Chemistry, Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 99, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands.
| | - Andries Meijerink
- Condensed Matter and Interfaces group, Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science, Utrecht University, Princetonplein 1, 3584 CC Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Freddy T Rabouw
- Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis group, Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science and Institute for Sustainable and Circular Chemistry, Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 99, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands.
- Soft Condensed Matter group, Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science, Utrecht University, Princetonplein 1, 3584 CC Utrecht, The Netherlands
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4
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Romero M, Sánchez-Valencia JR, Lozano G, Míguez H. Effect of the effective refractive index on the radiative decay rate in nanoparticle thin films. NANOSCALE 2023; 15:15279-15287. [PMID: 37676237 DOI: 10.1039/d3nr03348a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/08/2023]
Abstract
In this work, we theoretically and experimentally study the influence of the optical environment on the radiative decay rate of rare-earth transitions in luminescent nanoparticles forming a thin film. We use electric dipole sources in finite-difference time-domain simulations to analyze the effect of modifying the effective refractive index of transparent layers made of phosphor nanocrystals doped with rare earth cations, and propose a correction to previously reported analytical models for calculating the radiative decay rate. Our predictions are tested against an experimental realization of such luminescent films, in which we manage to vary the effective refractive index in a gradual and controllable manner. Our model accurately accounts for the measurements attained, allows us to discriminate the radiative and non-radiative contributions to the time-resolved photoluminescence, and provides a way to rationally tune the spontaneous decay rate and hence the photoluminescence quantum yield in an ensemble of luminescent nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Romero
- Institute of Materials Science of Seville, Spanish National Research Council - University of Seville, C. Américo Vespucio 49, 41092, Seville, Spain.
| | - Juan Ramón Sánchez-Valencia
- Institute of Materials Science of Seville, Spanish National Research Council - University of Seville, C. Américo Vespucio 49, 41092, Seville, Spain.
| | - Gabriel Lozano
- Institute of Materials Science of Seville, Spanish National Research Council - University of Seville, C. Américo Vespucio 49, 41092, Seville, Spain.
| | - Hernán Míguez
- Institute of Materials Science of Seville, Spanish National Research Council - University of Seville, C. Américo Vespucio 49, 41092, Seville, Spain.
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5
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Brites CDS, Marin R, Suta M, Carneiro Neto AN, Ximendes E, Jaque D, Carlos LD. Spotlight on Luminescence Thermometry: Basics, Challenges, and Cutting-Edge Applications. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2302749. [PMID: 37480170 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202302749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Revised: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/23/2023]
Abstract
Luminescence (nano)thermometry is a remote sensing technique that relies on the temperature dependency of the luminescence features (e.g., bandshape, peak energy or intensity, and excited state lifetimes and risetimes) of a phosphor to measure temperature. This technique provides precise thermal readouts with superior spatial resolution in short acquisition times. Although luminescence thermometry is just starting to become a more mature subject, it exhibits enormous potential in several areas, e.g., optoelectronics, photonics, micro- and nanofluidics, and nanomedicine. This work reviews the latest trends in the field, including the establishment of a comprehensive theoretical background and standardized practices. The reliability, repeatability, and reproducibility of the technique are also discussed, along with the use of multiparametric analysis and artificial-intelligence algorithms to enhance thermal readouts. In addition, examples are provided to underscore the challenges that luminescence thermometry faces, alongside the need for a continuous search and design of new materials, experimental techniques, and analysis procedures to improve the competitiveness, accessibility, and popularity of the technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos D S Brites
- Phantom-g, CICECO, Departamento de Física, Universidade de Aveiro, Campus Santiago, Aveiro, 3810-193, Portugal
| | - Riccardo Marin
- Departamento de Física de Materiales, Nanomaterials for Bioimaging Group (NanoBIG), Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, 28049, Spain
- Institute for Advanced Research in Chemical Sciences (IAdChem), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, 28049, Spain
| | - Markus Suta
- Inorganic Photoactive Materials, Institute of Inorganic Chemistry and Structural Chemistry, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Universitätsstraße 1, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Albano N Carneiro Neto
- Phantom-g, CICECO, Departamento de Física, Universidade de Aveiro, Campus Santiago, Aveiro, 3810-193, Portugal
| | - Erving Ximendes
- Departamento de Física de Materiales, Nanomaterials for Bioimaging Group (NanoBIG), Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, 28049, Spain
- Nanomaterials for Bioimaging Group (NanoBIG), Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS), Hospital Ramón y Cajal, Madrid, 28034, Spain
| | - Daniel Jaque
- Departamento de Física de Materiales, Nanomaterials for Bioimaging Group (NanoBIG), Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, 28049, Spain
- Institute for Advanced Research in Chemical Sciences (IAdChem), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, 28049, Spain
- Nanomaterials for Bioimaging Group (NanoBIG), Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS), Hospital Ramón y Cajal, Madrid, 28034, Spain
| | - Luís D Carlos
- Phantom-g, CICECO, Departamento de Física, Universidade de Aveiro, Campus Santiago, Aveiro, 3810-193, Portugal
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6
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Tessitore G, Mandl GA, Maurizio SL, Kaur M, Capobianco JA. The role of lanthanide luminescence in advancing technology. RSC Adv 2023; 13:17787-17811. [PMID: 37323462 PMCID: PMC10263103 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra00991b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Our society is indebted to the numerous inventors and scientists who helped bring about the incredible technological advances in modern society that we all take for granted. The importance of knowing the history of these inventions is often underestimated, although our reliance on technology is escalating. Lanthanide luminescence has paved the way for many of these inventions, from lighting and displays to medical advancements and telecommunications. Given the significant role of these materials in our daily lives, knowingly or not, their past and present applications are reviewed. A majority of the discussion is devoted to pointing out the benefits of using lanthanides over other luminescent species. We aimed to give a short outlook outlines promising directions for the development of the considered field. This review aims to provide the reader enough content to further appreciate the benefits that these technologies have brought into our lives, with the perspective of travelling among the past and latest advances in lanthanide research, aiming for an even brighter future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriella Tessitore
- Concordia University, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry & Center for NanoScience Research 7141 Rue Sherbrooke Ouest Montreal QC Canada
- Department of Chemistry, Université Laval 1045 Av. de la Médecine Québec QC G1V 0A6 Canada
| | - Gabrielle A Mandl
- Concordia University, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry & Center for NanoScience Research 7141 Rue Sherbrooke Ouest Montreal QC Canada
| | - Steven L Maurizio
- Concordia University, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry & Center for NanoScience Research 7141 Rue Sherbrooke Ouest Montreal QC Canada
| | - Mannu Kaur
- Concordia University, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry & Center for NanoScience Research 7141 Rue Sherbrooke Ouest Montreal QC Canada
| | - John A Capobianco
- Concordia University, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry & Center for NanoScience Research 7141 Rue Sherbrooke Ouest Montreal QC Canada
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7
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Pini F, Francés-Soriano L, Andrigo V, Natile MM, Hildebrandt N. Optimizing Upconversion Nanoparticles for FRET Biosensing. ACS NANO 2023; 17:4971-4984. [PMID: 36867492 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.2c12523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs) are some of the most promising nanomaterials for bioanalytical and biomedical applications. One important challenge to be still solved is how UCNPs can be optimally implemented into Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) biosensing and bioimaging for highly sensitive, wash-free, multiplexed, accurate, and precise quantitative analysis of biomolecules and biomolecular interactions. The many possible UCNP architectures composed of a core and multiple shells doped with different lanthanoid ions at different ratios, the interaction with FRET acceptors at different possible distances and orientations via biomolecular interaction, and the many and long-lasting energy transfer pathways from the initial UCNP excitation to the final FRET process and acceptor emission make the experimental determination of the ideal UCNP-FRET configuration for optimal analytical performance a real challenge. To overcome this issue, we have developed a fully analytical model that requires only a few experimental configurations to determine the ideal UCNP-FRET system within a few minutes. We verified our model via experiments using nine different Nd-, Yb-, and Er-doped core-shell-shell UCNP architectures within a prototypical DNA hybridization assay using Cy3.5 as an acceptor dye. Using the selected experimental input, the model determined the optimal UCNP out of all theoretically possible combinatorial configurations. An extreme economy of time, effort, and material was accompanied by a significant sensitivity increase, which demonstrated the powerful feat of combining a few selected experiments with sophisticated but rapid modeling to accomplish an ideal FRET biosensor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federico Pini
- Laboratoire COBRA, Université de Rouen Normandie, CNRS, INSA Rouen, Normandie Université, 76000 Rouen, France
- Istituto di Chimica della Materia Condensata e Tecnologie per l'Energia (ICMATE), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), 35131 Padova, Italy
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università di Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Laura Francés-Soriano
- Laboratoire COBRA, Université de Rouen Normandie, CNRS, INSA Rouen, Normandie Université, 76000 Rouen, France
- Instituto de Ciencia Molecular (ICMol), University of Valencia, 46980 Valencia, Spain
| | - Vittoria Andrigo
- Istituto di Chimica della Materia Condensata e Tecnologie per l'Energia (ICMATE), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), 35131 Padova, Italy
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università di Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Marta Maria Natile
- Istituto di Chimica della Materia Condensata e Tecnologie per l'Energia (ICMATE), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), 35131 Padova, Italy
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università di Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Niko Hildebrandt
- Laboratoire COBRA, Université de Rouen Normandie, CNRS, INSA Rouen, Normandie Université, 76000 Rouen, France
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, South Korea
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8
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Mulder J, Meijer MS, van Blaaderen JJ, du Fossé I, Jenkinson K, Bals S, Manna L, Houtepen AJ. Understanding and Preventing Photoluminescence Quenching to Achieve Unity Photoluminescence Quantum Yield in Yb:YLF Nanocrystals. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:3274-3286. [PMID: 36608312 PMCID: PMC9869336 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c17888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 12/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Ytterbium-doped LiYF4 (Yb:YLF) is a commonly used material for laser applications, as a photon upconversion medium, and for optical refrigeration. As nanocrystals (NCs), the material is also of interest for biological and physical applications. Unfortunately, as with most phosphors, with the reduction in size comes a large reduction of the photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY), which is typically associated with an increase in surface-related PL quenching. Here, we report the synthesis of bipyramidal Yb:YLF NCs with a short axis of ∼60 nm. We systematically study and remove all sources of PL quenching in these NCs. By chemically removing all traces of water from the reaction mixture, we obtain NCs that exhibit a near-unity PLQY for an Yb3+ concentration below 20%. At higher Yb3+ concentrations, efficient concentration quenching occurs. The surface PL quenching is mitigated by growing an undoped YLF shell around the NC core, resulting in near-unity PLQY values even for fully Yb3+-based LiYbF4 cores. This unambiguously shows that the only remaining quenching sites in core-only Yb:YLF NCs reside on the surface and that concentration quenching is due to energy transfer to the surface. Monte Carlo simulations can reproduce the concentration dependence of the PLQY. Surprisingly, Förster resonance energy transfer does not give satisfactory agreement with the experimental data, whereas nearest-neighbor energy transfer does. This work demonstrates that Yb3+-based nanophosphors can be synthesized with a quality close to that of bulk single crystals. The high Yb3+ concentration in the LiYbF4/LiYF4 core/shell nanocrystals increases the weak Yb3+ absorption, making these materials highly promising for fundamental studies and increasing their effectiveness in bioapplications and optical refrigeration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jence
T. Mulder
- Optoelectronic
Materials Section, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Delft University of Technology, Van der Maasweg 9, 2629HZ Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Michael S. Meijer
- Optoelectronic
Materials Section, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Delft University of Technology, Van der Maasweg 9, 2629HZ Delft, The Netherlands
| | - J. Jasper van Blaaderen
- Optoelectronic
Materials Section, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Delft University of Technology, Van der Maasweg 9, 2629HZ Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Indy du Fossé
- Optoelectronic
Materials Section, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Delft University of Technology, Van der Maasweg 9, 2629HZ Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Kellie Jenkinson
- Electron
Microscopy for Materials Science (EMAT), Department of Physics, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Sara Bals
- Electron
Microscopy for Materials Science (EMAT), Department of Physics, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Liberato Manna
- Department
of Nanochemistry, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia
(IIT), Via Morego 30, 16163 Genova, Italy
| | - Arjan J. Houtepen
- Optoelectronic
Materials Section, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Delft University of Technology, Van der Maasweg 9, 2629HZ Delft, The Netherlands
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9
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Wang Y, An Z, Tao Z, Zhang S, Yang X, Kuang X, Ye S. Thermodynamics and Kinetics Accounting for Antithermal Quenching of Luminescence in Sc 2(MoO 4) 3: Yb/Er: Perspective beyond Negative Thermal Expansion. J Phys Chem Lett 2022; 13:12032-12040. [PMID: 36541874 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.2c03449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Defects are common in inorganic materials and not static upon annealing of the heat effect. Antithermal quenching of luminescence in phosphors may be ascribed to the migration of defects and/or ions, which has not been well-studied. Herein, we investigate the antithermal quenching mechanism of upconversion luminescence in Sc2(MoO4)3: 9%Yb1%Er with negative thermal expansion via a fresh perspective on thermodynamics and kinetics, concerning the thermally activated movement of defects and/or ions. Our results reveal a second-order phase transition taking place at ∼573 K induced by oxide-ion migration. The resulting variation of the thermodynamics and kinetics of the host lattice owing to the thermally induced oxide-ion movement contributes to a more suppressed nonradiative decay rate. The dynamic defects no longer act as quenching centers with regard to the time scale during which they stay nearby the Yb3+/Er3+ site in our proposed model. This research opens an avenue for understanding the antithermal quenching mechanism of luminescence via thermodynamics and kinetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinghan Wang
- State Key Lab of Luminescent Materials and Devices and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Fiber Laser Materials and Applied Techniques, School of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou510641, China
| | - Zhengce An
- State Key Lab of Luminescent Materials and Devices and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Fiber Laser Materials and Applied Techniques, School of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou510641, China
| | - Zhengren Tao
- State Key Lab of Luminescent Materials and Devices and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Fiber Laser Materials and Applied Techniques, School of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou510641, China
| | - Shuai Zhang
- State Key Lab of Luminescent Materials and Devices and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Fiber Laser Materials and Applied Techniques, School of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou510641, China
| | - Xiaoyan Yang
- Guangxi Ministry-Province Jointly-Constructed Cultivation Base for State Key Laboratory of Processing for Nonferrous Metal and Featured Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin541004, China
| | - Xiaojun Kuang
- Guangxi Ministry-Province Jointly-Constructed Cultivation Base for State Key Laboratory of Processing for Nonferrous Metal and Featured Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin541004, China
| | - Shi Ye
- State Key Lab of Luminescent Materials and Devices and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Fiber Laser Materials and Applied Techniques, School of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou510641, China
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10
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Li C, Lei Y, Li H, Ni M, Yang D, Xie X, Wang Y, Ma H, Xu W, Xia X. Suppressing Non‐Radiative Relaxation through Single‐Atom Metal Modification for Enhanced Fluorescence Efficiency in Molybdenum Disulfide Quantum Dots. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202207300. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202207300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chao‐Rui Li
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Nanjing University Nanjing 210023 P. R. China
| | - Yu‐Li Lei
- Key Laboratory of Mesoscopic Chemistry of MOE School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Nanjing University Nanjing 210023 P. R. China
| | - Hua Li
- Key Laboratory of Mesoscopic Chemistry of MOE School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Nanjing University Nanjing 210023 P. R. China
| | - Miao Ni
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Nanjing University Nanjing 210023 P. R. China
| | - Dong‐Rui Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Nanjing University Nanjing 210023 P. R. China
| | - Xiao‐Yu Xie
- Key Laboratory of Mesoscopic Chemistry of MOE School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Nanjing University Nanjing 210023 P. R. China
| | - Yuan‐Fan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Mesoscopic Chemistry of MOE School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Nanjing University Nanjing 210023 P. R. China
| | - Hai‐Bo Ma
- Key Laboratory of Mesoscopic Chemistry of MOE School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Nanjing University Nanjing 210023 P. R. China
| | - Wei‐Gao Xu
- Key Laboratory of Mesoscopic Chemistry of MOE School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Nanjing University Nanjing 210023 P. R. China
| | - Xing‐Hua Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Nanjing University Nanjing 210023 P. R. China
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11
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Li CR, Lei YL, Li H, Ni M, Yang DR, Xie XY, Wang YF, Ma HB, Xu WG, Xia X. Suppressing Non‐Radiative Relaxation through Single‐Atom Metal Modification for Enhanced Fluorescence Efficiency in Molybdenum Disulfide Quantum Dots. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202207300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chao-Rui Li
- Nanjing University School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering CHINA
| | - Yu-Li Lei
- Nanjing University School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering CHINA
| | - Hua Li
- Nanjing University School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering CHINA
| | - Miao Ni
- Nanjing University School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering CHINA
| | - Dong-Rui Yang
- Nanjing University School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering CHINA
| | - Xiao-Yu Xie
- Nanjing University School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering CHINA
| | - Yuan-Fan Wang
- Nanjing University School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering CHINA
| | - Hai-Bo Ma
- Nanjing University School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering CHINA
| | - Wei-Gao Xu
- Nanjing University School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering CHINA
| | - Xinghua Xia
- Nanjing University School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering 163 Xianlin Road 210093 Nanjing CHINA
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12
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Quintanilla M, Henriksen-Lacey M, Renero-Lecuna C, Liz-Marzán LM. Challenges for optical nanothermometry in biological environments. Chem Soc Rev 2022; 51:4223-4242. [PMID: 35587578 DOI: 10.1039/d2cs00069e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Temperature monitoring is useful in medical diagnosis, and essential during hyperthermia treatments to avoid undesired cytotoxic effects. Aiming to control heating doses, different temperature monitoring strategies have been developed, largely based on luminescent materials, a.k.a. nanothermometers. However, for such nanothermometers to work, both excitation and emission light beams must travel through tissue, making its optical properties a relevant aspect to be considered during the measurements. In complex tissues, heterogeneity, and real-time alterations as a result of therapeutic treatment may have an effect on light-tissue interaction, hindering accuracy in the thermal reading. In this Tutorial Review we discuss various methods in which nanothermometers can be used for temperature sensing within heterogeneous environments. We discuss recent developments in optical (nano)thermometry, focusing on the incorporation of luminescent nanoparticles into complex in vitro and in vivo models. Methods formulated to avoid thermal misreading are also discussed, considering their respective advantages and drawbacks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Quintanilla
- Materials Physics Department, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Avda. Francisco Tomás y Valiente, 7. 28049, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Malou Henriksen-Lacey
- CIC biomaGUNE, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Paseo de Miramón 194, 20014 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain. .,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red, Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), Paseo de Miramón 194, 20014 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Carlos Renero-Lecuna
- CIC biomaGUNE, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Paseo de Miramón 194, 20014 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain. .,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red, Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), Paseo de Miramón 194, 20014 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Luis M Liz-Marzán
- CIC biomaGUNE, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Paseo de Miramón 194, 20014 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain. .,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red, Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), Paseo de Miramón 194, 20014 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain.,Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, 48009 Bilbao, Spain
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13
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Cocina A, Brechbühler R, Vonk SJW, Cui J, Rossinelli AA, Rojo H, Rabouw FT, Norris DJ. Nanophotonic Approach to Study Excited-State Dynamics in Semiconductor Nanocrystals. J Phys Chem Lett 2022; 13:4145-4151. [PMID: 35506998 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.2c00599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
In semiconductor nanocrystals, excited electrons relax through multiple radiative and nonradiative pathways. This complexity complicates characterization of their decay processes with standard time- and temperature-dependent photoluminescence studies. Here, we exploit a simple nanophotonic approach to augment such measurements and to address open questions related to nanocrystal emission. We place nanocrystals at different distances from a gold reflector to affect radiative rates through variations in the local density of optical states. We apply this approach to spherical CdSe-based nanocrystals to probe the radiative efficiency and polarization properties of the lowest dark and bright excitons by analyzing temperature-dependent emission dynamics. For CdSe-based nanoplatelets, we identify the charge-carrier trapping mechanism responsible for strongly delayed emission. Our method, when combined with careful modeling of the influence of the nanophotonic environment on the relaxation dynamics, offers a versatile strategy to disentangle the complex excited-state decay pathways present in fluorescent nanocrystals as well as other emitters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ario Cocina
- Optical Materials Engineering Laboratory, Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering, ETH Zurich, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Raphael Brechbühler
- Optical Materials Engineering Laboratory, Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering, ETH Zurich, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
- Laboratory for Air Pollution and Environmental Technology, Empa, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Sander J W Vonk
- Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science, Utrecht University, 3584 CC Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Jian Cui
- Optical Materials Engineering Laboratory, Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering, ETH Zurich, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
- Helmholtz Pioneer Campus, Helmholtz Zentrum München, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Aurelio A Rossinelli
- Optical Materials Engineering Laboratory, Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering, ETH Zurich, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Henar Rojo
- Optical Materials Engineering Laboratory, Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering, ETH Zurich, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Freddy T Rabouw
- Optical Materials Engineering Laboratory, Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering, ETH Zurich, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
- Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science, Utrecht University, 3584 CC Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - David J Norris
- Optical Materials Engineering Laboratory, Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering, ETH Zurich, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
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14
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van Swieten T, Meijerink A, Rabouw FT. Impact of Noise and Background on Measurement Uncertainties in Luminescence Thermometry. ACS PHOTONICS 2022; 9:1366-1374. [PMID: 35480490 PMCID: PMC9026254 DOI: 10.1021/acsphotonics.2c00039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Materials with temperature-dependent luminescence can be used as local thermometers when incorporated in, for example, a biological environment or chemical reactor. Researchers have continuously developed new materials aiming for the highest sensitivity of luminescence to temperature. Although the comparison of luminescent materials based on their temperature sensitivity is convenient, this parameter gives an incomplete description of the potential performance of the materials in applications. Here, we demonstrate how the precision of a temperature measurement with luminescent nanocrystals depends not only on the temperature sensitivity of the nanocrystals but also on their luminescence strength compared to measurement noise and background signal. After first determining the noise characteristics of our instrumentation, we show how the uncertainty of a temperature measurement can be predicted quantitatively. Our predictions match the temperature uncertainties that we extract from repeated measurements, over a wide temperature range (303-473 K), for different CCD readout settings, and for different background levels. The work presented here is the first study that incorporates all of these practical issues to accurately calculate the uncertainty of luminescent nanothermometers. This method will be important for the optimization and development of luminescent nanothermometers.
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15
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Mangnus MJJ, Zom J, Welling TAJ, Meijerink A, Rabouw FT. Finite-Size Effects on Energy Transfer between Dopants in Nanocrystals. ACS NANOSCIENCE AU 2022; 2:111-118. [PMID: 35481224 PMCID: PMC9026268 DOI: 10.1021/acsnanoscienceau.1c00033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Revised: 10/30/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Many phosphor materials rely on energy transfer (ET) between optically active dopant ions. Typically, a donor species absorbs light of one color and transfers the energy to an acceptor species that emits light of a different color. For many applications, it is beneficial, or even crucial, that the phosphor is of nanocrystalline nature. Much unlike the widely recognized finite-size effects on the optical properties of quantum dots, the behavior of optically active ions is generally assumed to be independent of the size or shape of the optically inactive host material. Here, we demonstrate that ET between optically active dopants is also impacted by finite-size effects: Donor ions close to the surface of a nanocrystal (NC) are likely to have fewer acceptors in proximity compared to donors in a bulk-like coordination. As such, the rate and efficiency of ET in nanocrystalline phosphors are low in comparison to that of their bulk counterparts. Surprisingly, these undesired finite-size effects should be considered already for NCs with diameters as large as 12 nm. If we suppress radiative decay of the donor by embedding the NCs in media with low refractive indices, we can compensate for finite-size effects on the ET rate. Experimentally, we demonstrate these finite-size effects and how to compensate for them in YPO4 NCs co-doped with Tb3+ and Yb3+.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark J J Mangnus
- Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science, Utrecht University, Princetonplein 1, 3584 CC Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Jeffrey Zom
- Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science, Utrecht University, Princetonplein 1, 3584 CC Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Tom A J Welling
- Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science, Utrecht University, Princetonplein 1, 3584 CC Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Andries Meijerink
- Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science, Utrecht University, Princetonplein 1, 3584 CC Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Freddy T Rabouw
- Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science, Utrecht University, Princetonplein 1, 3584 CC Utrecht, The Netherlands
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16
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Pominova D, Romanishkin I, Proydakova V, Kuznetsov S, Grachev P, Ryabova A, Tabachkova NY, Fedorov P, Loschenov V. Study of synthesis temperature effect on β-NaGdF 4: Yb 3+, Er 3+upconversion luminescence efficiency and decay time using maximum entropy method. Methods Appl Fluoresc 2022; 10. [PMID: 35263723 DOI: 10.1088/2050-6120/ac5bdc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Upconversion materials have several advantages for many applications due to their great potential in converting infrared light to visible. For practical use, it is necessary to achieve high intensity of UC luminescence, so the studies of the optimal synthesis parameters for upconversion nanoparticles are still going on. In the present work, we analyzed the synthesis temperature effect on the efficiency and luminescence decay of β-NaGd0.78Yb0.20Er0.02F4 (15-25 nm) upconversion nanoparticles with hexagonal crystal structure synthesized by anhydrous solvothermal technique. The synthesis temperature was varied in the 290-320°C range. The synthesis temperature was shown to have a significant influence on the upconversion luminescence efficiency and decay time. The coherent scattering domain linearly depended on the synthesis temperature and was in the range 13.1-22.3 nm, while the efficiency of the upconversion luminescence increases exponentially from 0.02 to 0.10% under 1 W/cm2 excitation. For a fundamental analysis of the reasons for the upconversion luminescence intensity dependence on the synthesis temperature, it was proposed to use the maximum entropy method for luminescence decay kinetics processing. This method does not require a preliminary setting of the number of exponents and, due to this, makes it possible to estimate additional components in the luminescence decay kinetics, which are attributed to different populations of rare-earth ions in different conditions. Two components in the green luminescence and one component in the red luminescence decay kinetics were revealed for nanoparticles prepared at 290-300°C. An intense short and a weak long component in green luminescence decay kinetics could be associated with two different populations of ions in the surface quenching layer and the crystal core volume. With an increase in the synthesis temperature, the second component disappears, and the decay time increases due to an increase in the number of ions in the crystal core volume and a more uniform distribution of dopants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daria Pominova
- Prokhorov General Physics Institute RAS, Vavilova str., 38, Moskva, 119991, RUSSIAN FEDERATION
| | - Igor Romanishkin
- Prokhorov General Physics Institute RAS, Vavilova str 38, Moskva, 119991, RUSSIAN FEDERATION
| | - Vera Proydakova
- Prokhorov General Physics Institute RAS, Vavilova str 38, Moskva, 119991, RUSSIAN FEDERATION
| | - Sergei Kuznetsov
- Prokhorov General Physics Institute RAS, Vavilova str 38, Moskva, 119991, RUSSIAN FEDERATION
| | - Pavel Grachev
- Prokhorov General Physics Institute RAS, Vavilova str 38, Moskva, 119991, RUSSIAN FEDERATION
| | - Anastasia Ryabova
- Prokhorov General Physics Institute RAS, Vavilova str 38, Moskva, 119991, RUSSIAN FEDERATION
| | - Natalie Yu Tabachkova
- Prokhorov General Physics Institute RAS, Vavilova str. 38, Moskva, 119991, RUSSIAN FEDERATION
| | - Pavel Fedorov
- Prokhorov General Physics Institute RAS, Vavilova str 38, Moskva, 119991, RUSSIAN FEDERATION
| | - Victor Loschenov
- Prokhorov General Physics Institute RAS, Vavilova str 38, Moskva, 119991, RUSSIAN FEDERATION
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17
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Pini F, Francés-Soriano L, Peruffo N, Barbon A, Hildebrandt N, Natile MM. Spatial and Temporal Resolution of Luminescence Quenching in Small Upconversion Nanocrystals. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:11883-11894. [PMID: 35213132 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c23498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Luminescent upconversion nanocrystals (UCNCs) have become one of the most promising nanomaterials for biosensing, imaging, and theranostics. However, their ultimate translation into robust luminescent probes for daily use in biological and medical laboratories requires comprehension and control of the many possible deactivation pathways that cause upconversion luminescence (UCL) quenching. Here, we demonstrate that thorough modeling of UCL rise and decay kinetics using a freely accessible software can identify the UCL quenching mechanisms in small (<40 nm) UCNCs with spatial and temporal resolution. Applied to the most relevant β-NaYF4:Yb3+,Er3+ UCNCs, our model showed that only a few distinct nonradiative low-energy transitions were deactivated via specific solvent and ligand vibrations with a strong downstream effect on the population and depopulation dynamics of the emitting states. UCL quenching could penetrate ca. 4 nm inside the UCNC, which resulted in significant size-dependent changes of UCL intensities and spectra. Despite the large surface-to-volume ratios and UCL quenching via the UCNC surface, we found strong contributions of the outer layers to the overall UCL, which will be highly important for the design of UCNPs to investigate biomolecular interactions via distance-dependent energy transfer methods. Our advanced kinetic model is easily scalable to different UCNC architectures, environments, and energy transfer interactions such that relatively simple modeling of UCL kinetics can be used for efficiently optimizing UCNCs for their final application as practical luminescent probes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federico Pini
- nanofret.com, Laboratoire COBRA (Chimie Organique, Bioorganique, Reactivité et Analyse - UMR6014 & FR 3038), Université de Rouen Normandie, CNRS, INSA, Normandie Université, 76000 Rouen, France
- Istituto di Chimica della Materia Condensata e Tecnologie dell'Energia (ICMATE), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Via F. Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, PD, Italy
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università di Padova, Via F. Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, PD, Italy
| | - Laura Francés-Soriano
- nanofret.com, Laboratoire COBRA (Chimie Organique, Bioorganique, Reactivité et Analyse - UMR6014 & FR 3038), Université de Rouen Normandie, CNRS, INSA, Normandie Université, 76000 Rouen, France
| | - Nicola Peruffo
- Istituto di Chimica della Materia Condensata e Tecnologie dell'Energia (ICMATE), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Via F. Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, PD, Italy
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università di Padova, Via F. Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, PD, Italy
| | - Antonio Barbon
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università di Padova, Via F. Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, PD, Italy
| | - Niko Hildebrandt
- nanofret.com, Laboratoire COBRA (Chimie Organique, Bioorganique, Reactivité et Analyse - UMR6014 & FR 3038), Université de Rouen Normandie, CNRS, INSA, Normandie Université, 76000 Rouen, France
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, South Korea
- Université Paris-Saclay, 91405 Orsay Cedex, France
| | - Marta Maria Natile
- Istituto di Chimica della Materia Condensata e Tecnologie dell'Energia (ICMATE), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Via F. Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, PD, Italy
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università di Padova, Via F. Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, PD, Italy
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18
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Li R, Fang X, Ren J, Chen B, Yuan X, Pan X, Zhang P, Zhang L, Tu D, Fang Z, Chen X, Ju Q. The effect of surface-capping oleic acid on the optical properties of lanthanide-doped nanocrystals. NANOSCALE 2021; 13:12494-12504. [PMID: 34105534 DOI: 10.1039/d0nr08488c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The rapid development of nanotechnology has placed a higher demand on the synthesis of nanomaterials. Benefiting from its capability to keep nanoparticles away from aggregation, oleic acid (OA) has been routinely utilized as a capping agent in the synthesis of monodisperse nanocrystals. To satisfy downstream biological applications, hydrophobic OA capping on the surface should be removed or coated, but scarce attention has been paid to its influence on the optical properties of nanocrystals. In this work, the effect of surface-capping OA has been systematically explored on the optical properties of lanthanide-doped upconversion and downshifting nanocrystals, respectively. The emission intensity and lifetime of emissive lanthanides have been compared between OA-capped and ligand-free nanocrystals either in solid state or in colloidal solution. In solid state, surface-capping OA can significantly influence both emission intensity and radiative transition possibility of emissive lanthanides. However, in colloidal solution, a distinct variation between OA-capped and ligand-free nanocrystals is observed. Besides, the effect of OA on the luminescence dynamics of lanthanides with different energy gaps (emitting level to the next-lower-energy level) has been investigated in colloidal solution. The possible mechanism for the effect of OA on the optical properties of lanthanide-doped nanocrystals has been further proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renfu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, CAS Key Laboratory of Design and Assembly of Functional Nanostructures, Fujian Key Laboratory of Nanomaterials, Fujian Key Laboratory of Nanomaterials, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, P.R. China.
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19
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van
de Haar MA, Tachikirt M, Berends AC, Krames MR, Meijerink A, Rabouw FT. Saturation Mechanisms in Common LED Phosphors. ACS PHOTONICS 2021; 8:1784-1793. [PMID: 34164566 PMCID: PMC8212292 DOI: 10.1021/acsphotonics.1c00372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Commercial lighting for ambient and display applications is mostly based on blue light-emitting diodes (LEDs) combined with phosphor materials that convert some of the blue light into green, yellow, orange, and red. Not many phosphor materials can offer stable output under high incident light intensities for thousands of operating hours. Even the most promising LED phosphors saturate in high-power applications, that is, they show decreased light output. The saturation behavior is often poorly understood. Here, we review three popular commercial LED phosphor materials, Y3Al5O12 doped with Ce3+, CaAlSiN3 doped with Eu2+, and K2SiF6 doped with Mn4+, and unravel their saturation mechanisms. Experiments with square-wave-modulated laser excitation reveal the dynamics of absorption and decay of the luminescent centers. By modeling these dynamics and linking them to the saturation of the phosphor output intensity, we distinguish saturation by ground-state depletion, thermal quenching, and ionization of the centers. We discuss the implications of each of these processes for LED applications. Understanding the saturation mechanisms of popular LED phosphors could lead to strategies to improve their performance and efficiency or guide the development of new materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Anne van
de Haar
- Seaborough
Research BV, Matrix VII Innovation
Center, Science Park 106, 1098 XG, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- E-mail:
| | - Mohamed Tachikirt
- Seaborough
Research BV, Matrix VII Innovation
Center, Science Park 106, 1098 XG, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Anne C. Berends
- Seaborough
Research BV, Matrix VII Innovation
Center, Science Park 106, 1098 XG, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Michael R. Krames
- Seaborough
Research BV, Matrix VII Innovation
Center, Science Park 106, 1098 XG, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Arkesso
LLC, 2625 Middlefield
Rd, No 687, Palo Alto, California 94306, United States
| | - Andries Meijerink
- Utrecht
University, Princetonplein 1, 3584 CC Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Freddy T. Rabouw
- Utrecht
University, Princetonplein 1, 3584 CC Utrecht, The Netherlands
- E-mail:
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20
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Huang A, Pukhov KK, Wong KL, Tanner PA. Temperature dependence of the local field effect in YAG:Ce 3+ nanocomposites. NANOSCALE 2021; 13:10002-10009. [PMID: 34076009 DOI: 10.1039/d1nr01469b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The spontaneous emission rate (SER) of a chromophore in a nanoparticle (NP) is determined by the modification of the electric field by its environment. Previous studies of this local field effect have dispersed NPs in non-chemically interacting media of different refractive index (RI) and measured the emission lifetimes. Unfortunately, the applicable solvents cover only a small range of RI so that the test of a theoretical model is limited. We have utilized the variation of temperature to modify RI so that a more comprehensive test of a model can be achieved. Yttrium aluminium garnet (YAG) NPs doped with Ce3+ ions were immersed in different alcohols and the lifetime of the electric dipole allowed 5d1→ 4f1 transition was measured at different temperatures in each case. In order to clarify and confirm our results we have employed two different dopant concentrations of Ce/Y, near 1.3 at% and 0.13 at%. The Ce3+ lifetimes were well-fitted to a formula relating the decay rate to the dielectric parameters of the nanocomposite and the volumetric content of the NPs. Two parameters were derived: the SER of the bulk material (found to be effectively constant) and the nonradiative decay rate, which varied as the multiphonon relaxation rate for the more heavily-doped materials. The emission from the YAG:Ce3+ NPs was attributed to Ce3+ ions with 8-coordination to oxygen in addition to surface Ce3+ ions with lower coordination number. The bulk radiative lifetime was determined as 66 ± 3 ns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anjun Huang
- Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University, 224 Waterloo Road, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, P. R. China.
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21
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Exciton-Photon Interactions in Semiconductor Nanocrystals: Radiative Transitions, Non-Radiative Processes and Environment Effects. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/app11020497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
In this review, we discuss several fundamental processes taking place in semiconductor nanocrystals (quantum dots (QDs)) when their electron subsystem interacts with electromagnetic (EM) radiation. The physical phenomena of light emission and EM energy transfer from a QD exciton to other electronic systems such as neighbouring nanocrystals and polarisable 3D (semi-infinite dielectric or metal) and 2D (graphene) materials are considered. In particular, emission decay and FRET rates near a plane interface between two dielectrics or a dielectric and a metal are discussed and their dependence upon relevant parameters is demonstrated. The cases of direct (II–VI) and indirect (silicon) band gap semiconductors are compared. We cover the relevant non-radiative mechanisms such as the Auger process, electron capture on dangling bonds and interaction with phonons. Some further effects, such as multiple exciton generation, are also discussed. The emphasis is on explaining the underlying physics and illustrating it with calculated and experimental results in a comprehensive, tutorial manner.
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22
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Shi R, Martinez ED, Brites CDS, Carlos LD. Thermal enhancement of upconversion emission in nanocrystals: a comprehensive summary. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2021; 23:20-42. [PMID: 33305776 DOI: 10.1039/d0cp05069e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Luminescence thermal stability is a major figure of merit of lanthanide-doped nanoparticles playing an essential role in determining their potential applications in advanced optics. Unfortunately, considering the intensification of multiple electron-vibration interactions as temperature increases, luminescence thermal quenching of lanthanide-doped materials is generally considered to be inevitable. Recently, the emergence of thermally enhanced upconversion luminescence in lanthanide-doped nanoparticles seemed to challenge this stereotype, and the research on this topic rapidly aroused wide attention. While considerable efforts have been made to explore the origin of this phenomenon, the key mechanism of luminescence enhancement is still under debate. Here, to sort out the context of this intriguing finding, the reported results on this exciting topic are reviewed, and the corresponding enhancement mechanisms as proposed by different researchers are summarized. Detailed analyses are provided to evaluate the contribution of the most believed "surface-attached moisture desorption" process on the overall luminescence enhancement of lanthanide-doped nanoparticles at elevated temperatures. The impacts of other surface-related processes and shell passivation on the luminescence behaviour of the lanthanide-doped materials are also elaborated. Lack of standardization in the reported data and the absence of important experimental information, which greatly hinders the cross-checking and reanalysis of the results, is emphasized as well. On the foundation of these discussions, it is realized that the thermal-induced luminescence enhancement is a form of recovery process against the strong luminescence quenching in the system, and the enhancement degree is closely associated with the extent of luminescence loss induced by various quenching effects beforehand.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Shi
- Phantom-g, CICECO-Aveiro Institute of Materials, Physics Department, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
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Berends AC, van de Haar MA, Krames MR. YAG:Ce 3+ Phosphor: From Micron-Sized Workhorse for General Lighting to a Bright Future on the Nanoscale. Chem Rev 2020; 120:13461-13479. [PMID: 33164489 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.0c00618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The renowned yellow phosphor yttrium aluminum garnet (YAG) doped with trivalent cerium has found its way into applications in many forms: as powder of micron sized crystals, as a ceramic, and even as a single crystal. However, additional technological advancement requires providing this material in new form factors, especially in terms of particle size. Where many materials have been developed on the nanoscale with excellent optical properties (e.g., semiconductor quantum dots, perovskite nanocrystals, and rare earth doped phosphors), it is surprising that the development of nanocrystalline YAG:Ce is not as mature as for these other materials. Control over size and shape is still in its infancy, and optical properties are not yet at the same level as other materials on the nanoscale, even though YAG:Ce microcrystalline materials exceed the performance of most other materials. This review highlights developments in synthesis methods and mechanisms and gives an overview of the state of the art morphologies, particle sizes, and optical properties of YAG:Ce on the nanoscale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne C Berends
- Seaborough Research BV, Matrix VII Innovation Center, Science Park 106, 1098 XG Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marie Anne van de Haar
- Seaborough Research BV, Matrix VII Innovation Center, Science Park 106, 1098 XG Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Michael R Krames
- Seaborough Research BV, Matrix VII Innovation Center, Science Park 106, 1098 XG Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Arkesso LLC, 2625 Middlefield Road, No. 687, Palo Alto, California 94306, United States
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24
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Suta M, Meijerink A. A Theoretical Framework for Ratiometric Single Ion Luminescent Thermometers—Thermodynamic and Kinetic Guidelines for Optimized Performance. ADVANCED THEORY AND SIMULATIONS 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/adts.202000176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Markus Suta
- Condensed Matter and Interfaces Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science Department of Chemistry, Utrecht University Princetonplein 1 Utrecht 3584 CC The Netherlands
| | - Andries Meijerink
- Condensed Matter and Interfaces Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science Department of Chemistry, Utrecht University Princetonplein 1 Utrecht 3584 CC The Netherlands
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25
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Yang R, Cheng F, Zhao Y, Ye S. Probing the Dielectric Effects on the Colloidal 2D Perovskite Oxides by Eu 3+ Luminescence. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:44961-44969. [PMID: 32914954 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c12558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Solution-processing technique of two-dimensional (2D) materials requires the knowledge of the dielectric effects on mutual interaction of each component and the layer structure variation. This research uses the magnetic dipole (MD) transition of intentionally doped Eu3+, which is dependent on the dielectric environments, as an optical probe to study the dielectric effects on the colloidal charge-bearing [Ca1.8Eu0.1Na0.1Nb3O10]- perovskite nanosheets (NSs) in various solvents. Results reveal that the solvent molecules with longer alkyl chain could more easily impact the ligands on the surface of the NSs, leading to a weaker interaction between the ligands and the NSs as well as less distortion of Eu3+ site (Ca2+ site) at the inner layer of the NSs. The large-sized ligands would impede the stacking of the NSs, while H+ would make the H+-modified NSs restack more easily. With the assistance of density functional theory (DFT) simulation, it is found that the ligands or the dielectric solvents could distort or relax the surface covalent polyhedra [NbO6]7- to a larger extent than the inner polyhedra. Small-sized ligands and a large thickness with more atomic layers of the NSs can resist structural variation caused by solvents. The acquired knowledge in this research benefits the understanding of the solution-processing technique for industrial application of 2D materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruirui Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Fiber Laser Materials and Applied Techniques, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, China
| | - Fangrui Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Fiber Laser Materials and Applied Techniques, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, China
| | - Yifei Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Fiber Laser Materials and Applied Techniques, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, China
| | - Shi Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Fiber Laser Materials and Applied Techniques, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, China
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26
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Zhou J, Del Rosal B, Jaque D, Uchiyama S, Jin D. Advances and challenges for fluorescence nanothermometry. Nat Methods 2020; 17:967-980. [PMID: 32989319 DOI: 10.1038/s41592-020-0957-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 160] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Fluorescent nanothermometers can probe changes in local temperature in living cells and in vivo and reveal fundamental insights into biological properties. This field has attracted global efforts in developing both temperature-responsive materials and detection procedures to achieve sub-degree temperature resolution in biosystems. Recent generations of nanothermometers show superior performance to earlier ones and also offer multifunctionality, enabling state-of-the-art functional imaging with improved spatial, temporal and temperature resolutions for monitoring the metabolism of intracellular organelles and internal organs. Although progress in this field has been rapid, it has not been without controversy, as recent studies have shown possible biased sensing during fluorescence-based detection. Here, we introduce the design principles and advances in fluorescence nanothermometry, highlight application achievements, discuss scenarios that may lead to biased sensing, analyze the challenges ahead in terms of both fundamental issues and practical implementations, and point to new directions for improving this interdisciplinary field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiajia Zhou
- Institute for Biomedical Materials & Devices (IBMD), Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, Australia.
| | - Blanca Del Rosal
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Nanoscale Biophotonics, RMIT University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Daniel Jaque
- Nanobiology Group, Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria, IRYCIS, Madrid, Spain. .,Fluorescence Imaging Group, Departamento de Física de Materiales-Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Seiichi Uchiyama
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Dayong Jin
- Institute for Biomedical Materials & Devices (IBMD), Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, Australia.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Guangdong, China
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Jones CMS, Panov N, Skripka A, Gibbons J, Hesse F, Bos JWG, Wang X, Vetrone F, Chen G, Hemmer E, Marques-Hueso J. Effect of light scattering on upconversion photoluminescence quantum yield in microscale-to-nanoscale materials. OPTICS EXPRESS 2020; 28:22803-22818. [PMID: 32752535 DOI: 10.1364/oe.398353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2020] [Accepted: 06/28/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Scattering affects excitation power density, penetration depth and upconversion emission self-absorption, resulting in particle size -dependent modifications of the external photoluminescence quantum yield (ePLQY) and net emission. Micron-size NaYF4:Yb3+, Er3+ encapsulated phosphors (∼4.2 µm) showed ePLQY enhancements of >402%, with particle-media refractive index disparity (Δn): 0.4969, and net emission increases of >70%. In sub-micron phosphor encapsulants (∼406 nm), self-absorption limited ePLQY and emission as particle concentration increases, while appearing negligible in nanoparticle dispersions (∼31.8 nm). These dependencies are important for standardising PLQY measurements and optimising UC devices, since the encapsulant can drastically enhance UC emission.
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28
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Cai L, Huang Y, Sun P, Zheng W, Zhou S, Huang P, Wei J, Tu D, Chen X, Liang Z. Accurate detection of β-hCG in women's serum and cervical secretions for predicting early pregnancy viability based on time-resolved luminescent lanthanide nanoprobes. NANOSCALE 2020; 12:6729-6735. [PMID: 32163062 DOI: 10.1039/c9nr10973k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Sensitive and specific detection of β-hCG in women's serum and cervical secretions is of great significance for early pregnancy evaluation. However, the accurate detection of trace amounts of β-hCG in cervical secretions remains challenging because of its low level. Herein, we report a unique strategy for β-hCG detection in a heterogeneous sandwich-type bioassay by using LiLuF4:Ce,Tb nanoparticles as time-resolved photoluminescence (PL) nanoprobes. By taking advantage of the intense and long-lived PL of the nanoprobes, the short-lived background autofluorescence can be completely eliminated, which enables the sensitive detection of β-hCG with a linear range of 0-10 ng mL-1 and a detection limit down to 6.1 pg mL-1, approximately two orders of magnitude improvement relative to that of a commercial β-hCG assay kit. Furthermore, we demonstrate the application of the nanoprobes for accurate detection of β-hCG in clinical serum and cervical secretion samples and unveil that the ratio of β-hCG levels in cervical secretions and serum can be a good indicator of early pregnancy viability in unknown locations. These findings bring new opportunities in perinatal medicine by employing luminescent lanthanide nanoprobes, thus laying a foundation for future development of luminescent nanoprobes for versatile biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liangzhi Cai
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China.
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29
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Luo Y, Li L, Wong HT, Wong KL, Tanner PA. Importance of Volume Ratio in Photonic Effects of Lanthanide-Doped LaPO 4 Nanocrystals. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2020; 16:e1905234. [PMID: 31797530 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201905234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2019] [Revised: 11/10/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Experimental variation of the volume ratio (filling factor: i.e., volume of nanoparticles (NPs) compared with that of medium) of nanocomposite materials with doped lanthanide ions demonstrates that it has a significant affect upon local field effects. Lanthanum orthophosphate NPs are doped with Eu3+ and/or Tb3+ and immersed in organic solvents and lead borate glasses for Tb3+ 5 D4 lifetime measurements. For media with a refractive index (nmed ) less than that of LaPO4 (nnp = 1.79), the 5 D4 emission decay rate increases with increasing volume ratio of the NPs, whereas for nmed > 1.79, the decay rate decreases with increasing volume ratio. Fitting with the model of Pukhov provides an estimation of the radiative lifetime of 5 D4 and the quantum yield. Energy transfer (ET) from Tb3+ to Eu3+ occurs in co-doped LaPO4 NPs with excitation into a Tb3+ absorption band. The ET rate is independent on nmed and the energy transfer efficiency decreases with an increase in nmed . The behavior of ET rate with regard to the local field is consistent with the Dexter, but not Förster, equation for ET rate involving the electric dipole-electric dipole mechanism. This has consequences when using the spectroscopic ruler approach to measure distances between donor-acceptor chromophores.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxia Luo
- Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University, 224 Waterloo Road, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, P. R. China
| | - Liyi Li
- Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University, 224 Waterloo Road, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, P. R. China
| | - Hon Tung Wong
- Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University, 224 Waterloo Road, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, P. R. China
| | - Ka-Leung Wong
- Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University, 224 Waterloo Road, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, P. R. China
| | - Peter A Tanner
- Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University, 224 Waterloo Road, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, P. R. China
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Kolesnikov I, Golyeva E, Borisov E, Kolesnikov EY, Lähderanta E, Kurochkin A, Mikhailov M. Photoluminescence properties of Eu3+-doped MgAl2O4 nanoparticles in various surrounding media. J RARE EARTH 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jre.2018.10.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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31
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Wei J, Lian W, Zheng W, Shang X, Zhang M, Dai T, Chen X. Sub-10 nm lanthanide-doped SrFCl nanoprobes: Controlled synthesis, optical properties and bioimaging. J RARE EARTH 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jre.2018.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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32
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May PS, Berry M. Tutorial on the acquisition, analysis, and interpretation of upconversion luminescence data. Methods Appl Fluoresc 2019; 7:023001. [DOI: 10.1088/2050-6120/ab02c6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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33
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Aubret A, Orrit M, Kulzer F. Understanding Local‐Field Correction Factors in the Framework of the Onsager−Böttcher Model. Chemphyschem 2019; 20:345-355. [DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201800923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2018] [Revised: 12/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Antoine Aubret
- University of California San DiegoUCSD)Physics Department 9500 Gilman Dr. La Jolla, CA 92093-0319 USA
| | - Michel Orrit
- Molecular Nano-Optics and Spins (MoNOS)Huygens LaboratoryLeiden University P.O. Box 9504 2300 RA Leiden The Netherlands
| | - Florian Kulzer
- Institut Lumière MatièreCNRS UMR5306Université Lyon 1Université de Lyon 69622 Villeurbanne CEDEX France
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34
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Yang X, Pu C, Qin H, Liu S, Xu Z, Peng X. Temperature- and Mn2+ Concentration-Dependent Emission Properties of Mn2+-Doped ZnSe Nanocrystals. J Am Chem Soc 2019; 141:2288-2298. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b08480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoli Yang
- Center for Chemistry of High-Performance & Novel Materials, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chaodan Pu
- Center for Chemistry of High-Performance & Novel Materials, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, People’s Republic of China
| | - Haiyan Qin
- Center for Chemistry of High-Performance & Novel Materials, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shaojie Liu
- Center for Chemistry of High-Performance & Novel Materials, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhuan Xu
- Department of Physics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaogang Peng
- Center for Chemistry of High-Performance & Novel Materials, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, People’s Republic of China
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Miranda-Muñoz JM, Geng D, Calvo ME, Lozano G, Míguez H. Flexible nanophosphor films doped with Mie resonators for enhanced out-coupling of the emission. JOURNAL OF MATERIALS CHEMISTRY. C 2019; 7:267-274. [PMID: 30931128 PMCID: PMC6394886 DOI: 10.1039/c8tc05032e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2018] [Accepted: 11/20/2018] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Herein, we present a general method to prepare self-standing flexible photoluminescent coatings of controlled opacity for integration into light-emitting diodes (LEDs) employing cost-effective solution-processing methods. From colloidal suspensions of nano-sized phosphors, we fabricate light-emitting transparent films that can be doped with spherical scatterers, which act as Mie resonators that trigger a controlled photoluminescence enhancement, evidenced by the reduction of the guided light along the layer. This results in an enhanced emission compared to that extracted from a bare phosphor layer. We show not only that emission is visible under ultraviolet-LED illumination for both rigid and flexible versions of the coatings, but we also prove the feasibility of the integration of these flexible conversion layers into such devices. We believe these results can contribute to develop more efficient and cost-effective illumination sources by providing efficient and easy-to-handle conversion layers susceptible to excitation by LEDs emitting at wavelengths in the near UV region.
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Affiliation(s)
- José M Miranda-Muñoz
- Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Sevilla , Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas - Universidad de Sevilla (CSIC-US) , Américo Vespucio 49 , 41092 , Seville , Spain .
| | - Dongling Geng
- Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Sevilla , Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas - Universidad de Sevilla (CSIC-US) , Américo Vespucio 49 , 41092 , Seville , Spain .
| | - Mauricio E Calvo
- Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Sevilla , Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas - Universidad de Sevilla (CSIC-US) , Américo Vespucio 49 , 41092 , Seville , Spain .
| | - Gabriel Lozano
- Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Sevilla , Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas - Universidad de Sevilla (CSIC-US) , Américo Vespucio 49 , 41092 , Seville , Spain .
| | - Hernán Míguez
- Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Sevilla , Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas - Universidad de Sevilla (CSIC-US) , Américo Vespucio 49 , 41092 , Seville , Spain .
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Wang Z, Meijerink A. Concentration Quenching in Upconversion Nanocrystals. THE JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY. C, NANOMATERIALS AND INTERFACES 2018; 122:26298-26306. [PMID: 30774743 PMCID: PMC6369665 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcc.8b09371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2018] [Revised: 10/19/2018] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Despite considerable effort to improve upconversion (UC) in lanthanide-doped nanocrystals (NCs), the maximum reported efficiencies remain below 10%. Recently, we reported on low Er3+- and Yb3+-doped NaYF4 NCs giving insight into fundamental processes involved in quenching for isolated ions. In practice, high dopant concentrations are required and there is a trend toward bright UC in highly doped NCs. Here, additional quenching processes due to energy transfer and migration add to a reduction in UC efficiency. However, a fundamental understanding on how concentration quenching affects the quantum efficiency is lacking. Here, we report a systematic investigation on concentration-dependent decay dynamics for Er3+ or Yb3+ doped at various concentrations (1-100%) in core and core-shell NaYF4 NCs. The qualitative and quantitative analyses of luminescence decay curves and emission spectra show strong concentration quenching for the green-emitting Er3+ 4S3/2 and NIR-emitting 4I11/2 levels, whereas concentration quenching for the red-emitting 4F9/2 level and the IR-emitting 4I13/2 level is limited. The NIR emission of Yb3+ remains efficient even at concentration as high as 60% Yb3+, especially in core-shell NCs. Finally, the role of solvent quenching was investigated and reveals a much stronger quenching in aqueous media that can be explained by the high-energy O-H vibrations. The present study uncovers a more complete picture of quenching processes in highly doped UC NCs and serves to identify methods to further optimize the efficiency by careful tuning of lanthanide concentrations and core-shell design.
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May PS, Baride A, Hossan MY, Berry M. Measuring the internal quantum yield of upconversion luminescence for ytterbium-sensitized upconversion phosphors using the ytterbium(iii) emission as an internal standard. NANOSCALE 2018; 10:17212-17226. [PMID: 30191244 DOI: 10.1039/c8nr03538e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
A method is presented for estimating the internal quantum yield (IQY) of NIR-to-NIR and NIR-to-visible upconversion (UC) luminescence for Yb3+-sensitized energy-transfer upconversion (ETU) phosphors. The method does not require an integrating sphere or a secondary standard, but rather uses the 1 μm emission of the Yb3+ sensitizer as an internal standard. The method requires the acquisition of the 1 μm emission decay curve of the UC phosphor using low pulse-energy density, an estimation of the radiative decay constant of the 1 μm emission, and emission spectra corrected for instrument response. This method is valid for UC emission spectra acquired via pulsed or continuous wave (cw) excitation. The method is demonstrated for cw excitation to obtain IQY for UC and downshifted luminescence for β-phase NaYF4: 0.5%Tm, 25%Yb and NaYF4: 2%Er, 18%Yb nanocrystals (with and without a passivating NaYF4 shell) over a range of excitation irradiance. The corresponding results are consistent with those obtained using integrating spheres and numerical simulations, respectively. For pulsed excitation, an additional alternative method is described which requires acquisition of the 1 μm emission decay curve at each excitation pulse-energy density for which the IQY is to be determined. The proposed methods should be particularly useful for samples having very low absorbance at the excitation wavelength, for which direct determination methods are impractical.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Stanley May
- Department of Chemistry, University of South Dakota, Vermillion, SD 57069, USA.
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38
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Tanner PA, Zhou L, Duan C, Wong KL. Misconceptions in electronic energy transfer: bridging the gap between chemistry and physics. Chem Soc Rev 2018; 47:5234-5265. [PMID: 29938282 DOI: 10.1039/c8cs00002f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Many treatments of energy transfer (ET) phenomena in current literature employ incorrect arguments and formulae and are not quantitative enough. This is unfortunate because we witness important breakthroughs from ET experiments in nanoscience. This review aims to clarify basic principles by focusing upon Förster-Dexter electric dipole-electric dipole (ED-ED) ET. The roles of ET in upconversion, downconversion and the antenna effect are described and the clichés and simple formulae to be avoided in ET studies are highlighted with alternative treatments provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter A Tanner
- Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University, Waterloo Road, Kowloon, Hong Kong S.A.R., P. R. China.
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39
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Jalas D, Schulz KM, Petrov AY, Eich M. Emission enhancement in dielectric nanocomposites. OPTICS EXPRESS 2018; 26:16352-16364. [PMID: 30119468 DOI: 10.1364/oe.26.016352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2018] [Accepted: 05/23/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
We consider emitting nanoparticles in dielectric nanocomposites with varying refractive index contrast and geometry. For that we develop a simple and universal method to calculate the emission enhancement in nanocomposites that employs solely the calculation of the effective refractive index and electric field distributions from three quasistatic calculations with orthogonal polarizations. The method is exemplified for dilute nanocomposites without electromagnetic interaction between emitting particles as well as for dense nanocomposites with strong particle interaction. We show that the radiative decay in dielectric nanocomposites is greatly affected by the shape and arrangement of its constituents and give guidelines for larger enhancement.
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Rabouw F, Prins PT, Villanueva-Delgado P, Castelijns M, Geitenbeek RG, Meijerink A. Quenching Pathways in NaYF 4:Er 3+,Yb 3+ Upconversion Nanocrystals. ACS NANO 2018; 12:4812-4823. [PMID: 29648802 PMCID: PMC5968434 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.8b01545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2018] [Accepted: 04/12/2018] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Lanthanide-doped upconversion (UC) phosphors absorb low-energy infrared light and convert it into higher-energy visible light. Despite over 10 years of development, it has not been possible to synthesize nanocrystals (NCs) with UC efficiencies on a par with what can be achieved in bulk materials. To guide the design and realization of more efficient UC NCs, a better understanding is necessary of the loss pathways competing with UC. Here we study the excited-state dynamics of the workhorse UC material β-NaYF4 co-doped with Yb3+ and Er3+. For each of the energy levels involved in infrared-to-visible UC, we measure and model the competition between spontaneous emission, energy transfer between lanthanide ions, and other decay processes. An important quenching pathway is energy transfer to high-energy vibrations of solvent and/or ligand molecules surrounding the NCs, as evidenced by the effect of energy resonances between electronic transitions of the lanthanide ions and vibrations of the solvent molecules. We present a microscopic quantitative model for the quenching dynamics in UC NCs. It takes into account cross-relaxation at high lanthanide-doping concentration as well as Förster resonance energy transfer from lanthanide excited states to vibrational modes of molecules surrounding the UC NCs. Our model thereby provides insight in the inert-shell thickness required to prevent solvent quenching in NCs. Overall, the strongest contribution to reduced UC efficiencies in core-shell NCs comes from quenching of the near-infrared energy levels (Er3+: 4I11/2 and Yb3+: 2F5/2), which is likely due to vibrational coupling to OH- defects incorporated in the NCs during synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Freddy
T. Rabouw
- Debye Institute for Nanomaterials
Science, Utrecht University, Princetonplein 1, 3584 CC Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - P. Tim Prins
- Debye Institute for Nanomaterials
Science, Utrecht University, Princetonplein 1, 3584 CC Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Pedro Villanueva-Delgado
- Debye Institute for Nanomaterials
Science, Utrecht University, Princetonplein 1, 3584 CC Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Marieke Castelijns
- Debye Institute for Nanomaterials
Science, Utrecht University, Princetonplein 1, 3584 CC Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Robin G. Geitenbeek
- Debye Institute for Nanomaterials
Science, Utrecht University, Princetonplein 1, 3584 CC Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Andries Meijerink
- Debye Institute for Nanomaterials
Science, Utrecht University, Princetonplein 1, 3584 CC Utrecht, The Netherlands
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41
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Wang Z, Senden T, Meijerink A. Photonic Effects for Magnetic Dipole Transitions. J Phys Chem Lett 2017; 8:5689-5694. [PMID: 29111761 PMCID: PMC5724029 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.7b02558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2017] [Accepted: 11/06/2017] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
The radiative transition probability is a fundamental property for optical transitions. Extensive research, theoretical and experimental, has been conducted to establish the relation between the photonic environment and electric dipole (ED) transition probabilities. Recent work shows that the nanocrystal (NC)-cavity model accurately describes the influence of the refractive index n on ED transition rates for emitters in NCs. For magnetic dipole (MD) transitions, theory predicts a simple n3 dependence. However, experimental evidence is sparse and difficult to obtain. Here we report Eu3+-(with distinct ED+MD transitions) and Gd3+-(MD transitions) doped β-NaYF4 NC model systems to probe the influence of n on ED and MD transition probabilities through luminescence lifetime and ED/MD intensity ratio measurements. The results provide strong experimental evidence for an n3 dependence of MD transition probabilities. This insight is important for understanding and controlling the variation of spectral distribution in emission spectra by photonic effects.
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42
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van Hest JHA, Blab GA, Gerritsen HC, de Mello Donega C, Meijerink A. Probing the Influence of Disorder on Lanthanide Luminescence Using Eu-Doped LaPO 4 Nanoparticles. THE JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY. C, NANOMATERIALS AND INTERFACES 2017; 121:19373-19382. [PMID: 28919934 PMCID: PMC5592647 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcc.7b06549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2017] [Revised: 08/11/2017] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Lanthanide-doped nanocrystals (NCs) differ from their bulk counterparts due to their large surface to volume ratio. It is generally assumed that the optical properties are not affected by size effects as electronic transitions occur within the well-shielded 4f shell of the lanthanide dopant ions. However, defects and disorder in the surface layer can affect the luminescence properties. Trivalent europium is a suitable ion to investigate the subtle influence of the surface, because of its characteristic luminescence and high sensitivity to the local environment. Here, we investigate the influence of disorder in NCs on the optical properties of lanthanide dopants by studying the inhomogeneous linewidth, emission intensity ratios, and luminescence decay curves for LaPO4:Eu3+ samples of different sizes (4 nm to bulk) and core-shell configurations (core, core-isocrystalline shell, and core-silica shell). We show that the emission linewidths increase strongly for NCs. The ratio of the intensities of the forced electric dipole (ED) and magnetic dipole (MD) transitions, a measure for the local symmetry distortion around Eu3+ ions, is higher for samples with a large fraction of Eu3+ ions close to the surface. Finally, we present luminescence decay curves revealing an increased nonradiative decay rate for Eu3+ in NCs. The effects are strongest in core and core-silica shell NCs and can be reduced by growth of an isocrystalline LaPO4 shell. The present systematic study provides quantitative insight into the role of surface disorder on the optical properties of lanthanide-doped NCs. These insights are important in emerging applications of lanthanide-doped nanocrystals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacobine
J. H. A. van Hest
- Condensed Matter
and Interfaces, Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science, Utrecht University, Princetonplein 5, 3584 CC Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Molecular
Biophysics, Utrecht University, Princetonplein 5, 3584 CC Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Gerhard A. Blab
- Molecular
Biophysics, Utrecht University, Princetonplein 5, 3584 CC Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Hans C. Gerritsen
- Molecular
Biophysics, Utrecht University, Princetonplein 5, 3584 CC Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Celso de Mello Donega
- Condensed Matter
and Interfaces, Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science, Utrecht University, Princetonplein 5, 3584 CC Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Andries Meijerink
- Condensed Matter
and Interfaces, Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science, Utrecht University, Princetonplein 5, 3584 CC Utrecht, The Netherlands
- E-mail: . Phone: +31 30 253 2202
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43
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Dong H, Sun LD, Feng W, Gu Y, Li F, Yan CH. Versatile Spectral and Lifetime Multiplexing Nanoplatform with Excitation Orthogonalized Upconversion Luminescence. ACS NANO 2017; 11:3289-3297. [PMID: 28238259 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.7b00559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Optical encoding together with color multiplexing benefits on-site detection, and enriching the components with narrow emissions from lanthanide could greatly increase the coding density. Here, we show a typical example to combine emission color and lifetime that are simultaneously integrated in a single lanthanide nanoparticle. With the multicompartment core/shell structure, the nanoparticles can activate different emitting pathways under varied excitation. This enables the nanoparticles to generate versatile excitation orthogonalized upconversion luminescence in both emission colors and lifetimes. As a typical example, green emission of Er3+ and blue emission of Tm3+ can be triggered with 808 and 980 nm lasers, respectively. Moreover, with incorporation of Tb3+, not only is emission from Tb3+ introduced but also the lifetime difference of 0.13 ms (Er3+) and 3.6 ms (Tb3+) is yielded for the green emission, respectively. Multiplexed fingerprint imaging and time-gated luminescence imaging were achieved in wavelength and lifetime dimensions. The spectral and lifetime encoding ability from lanthanide luminescence greatly broadens the scope of luminescent materials for optical multiplexing studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Dong
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Materials Chemistry and Applications, PKU-HKU Joint Laboratory in Rare Earth Materials and Bioinorganic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University , Beijing 100871, China
| | - Ling-Dong Sun
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Materials Chemistry and Applications, PKU-HKU Joint Laboratory in Rare Earth Materials and Bioinorganic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University , Beijing 100871, China
| | - Wei Feng
- Department of Chemistry & Institutes of Biomedical Sciences & State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Fudan University , 220 Handan Road, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Yuyang Gu
- Department of Chemistry & Institutes of Biomedical Sciences & State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Fudan University , 220 Handan Road, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Fuyou Li
- Department of Chemistry & Institutes of Biomedical Sciences & State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Fudan University , 220 Handan Road, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Chun-Hua Yan
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Materials Chemistry and Applications, PKU-HKU Joint Laboratory in Rare Earth Materials and Bioinorganic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University , Beijing 100871, China
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44
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van Hest JJHA, Blab GA, Gerritsen HC, Donega CDM, Meijerink A. Incorporation of Ln-Doped LaPO4 Nanocrystals as Luminescent Markers in Silica Nanoparticles. NANOSCALE RESEARCH LETTERS 2016; 11:261. [PMID: 27209405 PMCID: PMC4875915 DOI: 10.1186/s11671-016-1465-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2016] [Accepted: 05/04/2016] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Lanthanide ions are promising for the labeling of silica nanoparticles with a specific luminescent fingerprint due to their sharp line emission at characteristic wavelengths. With the increasing use of silica nanoparticles in consumer products, it is important to label silica nanoparticles in order to trace the biodistribution, both in the environment and living organisms.In this work, we synthesized LaPO4 nanocrystals (NCs) with sizes ranging from 4 to 8 nm doped with europium or cerium and terbium. After silica growth using an inverse micelle method, monodisperse silica spheres were obtained with a single LaPO4 NC in the center. We demonstrate that the size of the silica spheres can be tuned in the 25-55 nm range by addition of small volumes of methanol during the silica growth reaction. Both the LaPO4 core and silica nanocrystal showed sharp line emission characteristic for europium and terbium providing unique optical labels in silica nanoparticles of variable sizes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacobine J H A van Hest
- Condensed Matter and Interfaces, Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science, Utrecht University, Princetonplein 5, 3584 CC, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Molecular Biophysics, Utrecht University, Princetonplein 5, 3584 CC, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Gerhard A Blab
- Molecular Biophysics, Utrecht University, Princetonplein 5, 3584 CC, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Hans C Gerritsen
- Molecular Biophysics, Utrecht University, Princetonplein 5, 3584 CC, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Celso de Mello Donega
- Condensed Matter and Interfaces, Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science, Utrecht University, Princetonplein 5, 3584 CC, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Andries Meijerink
- Condensed Matter and Interfaces, Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science, Utrecht University, Princetonplein 5, 3584 CC, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
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45
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Rabouw FT, Prins PT, Norris DJ. Europium-Doped NaYF 4 Nanocrystals as Probes for the Electric and Magnetic Local Density of Optical States throughout the Visible Spectral Range. NANO LETTERS 2016; 16:7254-7260. [PMID: 27786490 PMCID: PMC5389734 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.6b03730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2016] [Revised: 10/17/2016] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Absorption and emission in the ultraviolet, visible, and infrared spectral range are usually mediated by the electric-field component of light. Only some electronic transitions have significant "magnetic-dipole" character, meaning that they couple to the magnetic field of light. Nanophotonic control over magnetic-dipole emission has recently been demonstrated, and magnetic-dipole transitions have been used to probe the magnetic-field profiles of photonic structures. However, the library of available magnetic-dipole emitters is currently limited to red or infrared emitters and mostly doped solids. Here, we show that NaYF4 nanocrystals doped with Eu3+ have various electric- and magnetic-dipole emission lines throughout the visible spectral range from multiple excited states. At the same time, the colloidal nature of the nanocrystals allows easy handling. We demonstrate the use of these nanocrystals as probes for the radiative electric and magnetic local density of optical states in a planar mirror geometry. A single emission spectrum can reveal enhancement or suppression of the density of optical states at multiple frequencies simultaneously. Such nanocrystals may find application in the characterization of nanophotonic structures or as model emitters for studies into magnetic light-matter interaction at optical frequencies.
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46
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Wang ZJ, Zhang YL, Zhong JP, Yao HH, Wang J, Wu MM, Meijerink A. One-step synthesis and luminescence properties of tetragonal double tungstates nanocrystals. NANOSCALE 2016; 8:15486-15489. [PMID: 27524472 DOI: 10.1039/c6nr02715f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
A versatile one-step thermolysis protocol is demonstrated to produce a uniform dispersion of tetragonal double tungstates NaRE(WO4)2 (RE = rare earth) nanocrystals (NCs). Oriented attachment in the [001] direction occurred. Doping with luminescent RE(3+) ions resulted in highly luminescent NCs showing characteristic line emission of the dopant as well as a blue emission assigned to surface adsorbed organic species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z J Wang
- MOE Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, KLGHEI of Environment and Energy Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China. and Condensed Matter and Interfaces, Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science, Utrecht University, Princetonplein 1, 3584 CC Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Y L Zhang
- MOE Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, KLGHEI of Environment and Energy Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China.
| | - J P Zhong
- MOE Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, KLGHEI of Environment and Energy Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China.
| | - H H Yao
- MOE Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, KLGHEI of Environment and Energy Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China.
| | - J Wang
- MOE Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, KLGHEI of Environment and Energy Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China.
| | - M M Wu
- MOE Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, KLGHEI of Environment and Energy Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China.
| | - A Meijerink
- Condensed Matter and Interfaces, Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science, Utrecht University, Princetonplein 1, 3584 CC Utrecht, Netherlands
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47
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Rabouw FT, de Mello Donega C. Excited-State Dynamics in Colloidal Semiconductor Nanocrystals. Top Curr Chem (Cham) 2016; 374:58. [PMID: 27573500 PMCID: PMC5480409 DOI: 10.1007/s41061-016-0060-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2016] [Accepted: 07/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Colloidal semiconductor nanocrystals have attracted continuous worldwide interest over the last three decades owing to their remarkable and unique size- and shape-, dependent properties. The colloidal nature of these nanomaterials allows one to take full advantage of nanoscale effects to tailor their optoelectronic and physical–chemical properties, yielding materials that combine size-, shape-, and composition-dependent properties with easy surface manipulation and solution processing. These features have turned the study of colloidal semiconductor nanocrystals into a dynamic and multidisciplinary research field, with fascinating fundamental challenges and dazzling application prospects. This review focuses on the excited-state dynamics in these intriguing nanomaterials, covering a range of different relaxation mechanisms that span over 15 orders of magnitude, from a few femtoseconds to a few seconds after photoexcitation. In addition to reviewing the state of the art and highlighting the essential concepts in the field, we also discuss the relevance of the different relaxation processes to a number of potential applications, such as photovoltaics and LEDs. The fundamental physical and chemical principles needed to control and understand the properties of colloidal semiconductor nanocrystals are also addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Freddy T Rabouw
- Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis, Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science, Utrecht University, PO Box 80000, 3508 TA, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Soft Condensed Matter, Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science, Utrecht University, PO Box 80000, 3508 TA, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Optical Materials Engineering Laboratory, ETH Zurich, 8092, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Celso de Mello Donega
- Condensed Matter and Interfaces, Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science, Utrecht University, PO Box 80000, 3508 TA, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
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48
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Heo J, Hwang CS. Application of L-Aspartic Acid-Capped ZnS:Mn Colloidal Nanocrystals as a Photosensor for the Detection of Copper (II) Ions in Aqueous Solution. NANOMATERIALS 2016; 6:nano6050082. [PMID: 28335210 PMCID: PMC5302500 DOI: 10.3390/nano6050082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2016] [Revised: 04/14/2016] [Accepted: 04/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Water-dispersible ZnS:Mn nanocrystals (NCs) were synthesized by capping the surface with polar L-aspartic acid (Asp) molecules. The obtained ZnS:Mn-Asp NC product was optically and physically characterized using the corresponding spectroscopic methods. The ultra violet-visible (UV-VIS) absorption spectrum and photoluminescence (PL) emission spectrum of the NCs showed broad peaks at 320 and 590 nm, respectively. The average particle size measured from the obtained high resolution-transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM) image was 5.25 nm, which was also in accordance with the Debye-Scherrer calculations using the X-ray diffraction (XRD) data. Moreover, the surface charge and degree of aggregation of the ZnS:Mn-Asp NCs were determined by electrophoretic and hydrodynamic light scattering methods, respectively. These results indicated the formation of agglomerates in water with an average size of 19.8 nm, and a negative surface charge (−4.58 mV) in water at ambient temperature. The negatively-charged NCs were applied as a photosensor for the detection of specific cations in aqueous solution. Accordingly, the ZnS:Mn-Asp NCs showed an exclusive luminescence quenching upon addition of copper (II) cations. The kinetic mechanism study on the luminescence quenching of the NCs by the addition of the Cu2+ ions proposed an energy transfer through the ionic binding between the two oppositely-charged ZnS:Mn-Asp NCs and Cu2+ ions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jungho Heo
- Department of Chemistry, Dankook University, 152 Yongin-si, Suji-ku, Jukjeon-ro, Gyunggi-do 448-701, Korea.
| | - Cheong-Soo Hwang
- Department of Chemistry, Dankook University, 152 Yongin-si, Suji-ku, Jukjeon-ro, Gyunggi-do 448-701, Korea.
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49
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Inorganic Phosphor Materials for Lighting. Top Curr Chem (Cham) 2016; 374:21. [DOI: 10.1007/s41061-016-0023-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2015] [Accepted: 03/21/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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50
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Aubret A, Pillonnet A, Houel J, Dujardin C, Kulzer F. CdSe/ZnS quantum dots as sensors for the local refractive index. NANOSCALE 2016; 8:2317-2325. [PMID: 26750539 DOI: 10.1039/c5nr06998j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
We explore the potential of CdSe/ZnS colloidal quantum dots (QDs) as probes for their immediate dielectric environment, based on the influence of the local refractive index on the fluorescence dynamics of these nanoemitters. We first compare ensembles of quantum dots in homogeneous solutions with single quantum dots dispersed on various dielectric substrates, which allows us to test the viability of a conceptual framework based on a hard-sphere region-of-influence and the Bruggeman effective-medium approach. We find that all our measurements can be integrated into a coherent description, provided that the conceptualized point-dipole emitter is positioned at a distance from the substrate that corresponds to the geometry of the QD. Three theoretical models for the evolution of the fluorescence decay rate as a function of the local refractive index are compared, showing that the classical Lorentz approach (virtual cavity) is the most appropriate for describing the data. Finally, we use the observed sensitivity of the QDs to their environment to estimate the detection limit, expressed as the minimum number of traceable streptavidin molecules, of a potential QD-nanosensor based on fluorescence lifetime.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antoine Aubret
- Institut Lumière-Matière, CNRS UMR5306, Université Lyon 1, Université de Lyon, 69622 Villeurbanne CEDEX, France.
| | - Anne Pillonnet
- Institut Lumière-Matière, CNRS UMR5306, Université Lyon 1, Université de Lyon, 69622 Villeurbanne CEDEX, France.
| | - Julien Houel
- Institut Lumière-Matière, CNRS UMR5306, Université Lyon 1, Université de Lyon, 69622 Villeurbanne CEDEX, France.
| | - Christophe Dujardin
- Institut Lumière-Matière, CNRS UMR5306, Université Lyon 1, Université de Lyon, 69622 Villeurbanne CEDEX, France.
| | - Florian Kulzer
- Institut Lumière-Matière, CNRS UMR5306, Université Lyon 1, Université de Lyon, 69622 Villeurbanne CEDEX, France.
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