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Bouissane L, Bailly C. Withania frutescens (L.) Pauquy, a valuable Mediterranean shrub containing bioactive withanolides. Steroids 2024; 207:109439. [PMID: 38740121 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2024.109439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Revised: 04/23/2024] [Accepted: 05/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
The bushy plant Withania frutescens (L.) Pauquy is well distributed in the West-Mediterranean area, notably in the south of Spain, Algeria and Morocco where is it is used traditionally for the treatment of various human diseases, including diabetes. Unlike the two major species W. somnifera and W. coagulans extensively studied, the genomically close species W. frutescens has been much less investigated. Nevertheless, this shrub species displays a comparable phytochemical profile and marked antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, at the origin of reported pharmacological effects and its traditional uses. Here we have analyzed the diversity of biological effects reported with leaves and root extracts of W. frutescens. Hydroalcoholic extracts prepared from the aerial parts of the plant have revealed antihyperglycemic and cell-protective activities along with antimicrobial and anticorrosive effects. The extracts contained diverse polyphenolic compounds and a few alkaloids (calystegines) but most of the observed effects have been attributed to the presence of withanolides which are modified C28 ergostane-type steroids. Our analysis focused in part on specific withanolides found in W. frutescens, in particular an unusual 3-O-sulfated withanolide considered as a potential pro-drug of the major active compound withaferin A (WA) and a lead compound for the development of a potential drug candidate. The mechanism of action of this sulfated WA analogue is discussed. Altogether, our unprecedented extensive analysis of W. frutescens highlighted the pharmacological potential of this atypical medicinal plant. By analogy with the major cultivated Withania species, the market potential of little-known plant is underlined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Latifa Bouissane
- Molecular Chemistry, Materials and Catalysis Laboratory, Faculty of Sciences and Technologies, Sultan Moulay Slimane University, BP 523, Beni-Mellal 23000, Morocco.
| | - Christian Bailly
- OncoWitan, Scientific Consulting Office, Wasquehal, F-59290 Lille, France; Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry Albert Lespagnol (ICPAL), Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Lille, Rue Du Professeur Laguesse, BP-83, F-59006 Lille, France.
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2
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Xiang K, Liu Y, Zhu R, Xu Y, Sun D, Yang Y, Yan Y, Yang B, Li H, Chen L. Cytotoxic withanolides from the stems and leaves of Physalis ixocarpa. Food Chem 2024; 439:138136. [PMID: 38064840 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2023.138136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Revised: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024]
Abstract
The stems and leaves of the tomatillo (Physalis ixocarpa or Physalis philadelphica) were considered agricultural waste during the processing of tomatillo fruits. However, their potential value for utilization has not yet been explored. The investigation resulted in the isolation of a total of 29 withanolides, out of which 15 never reported. These newly discovered withanolides were then tested for their cytotoxicity against eight different human tumor cell lines. Compounds 2-3, 6-7, 17, 19, and 25-27 displayed encouraging cytotoxic effects. Given the potent inhibitory activity of physagulin C (25) on the proliferation of HepG2 cells in vitro, further investigation was conducted to determine its molecular mechanism. Physagulin C inhibited epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) process through the down-regulation of the JAK2/STAT3 and PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathways. Withanolides presenting in the stems and leaves of tomatillo make the plant possess potential commercial importance. Therefore, tomatillos could be commercialized worldwide in the food and pharmaceutical industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Xiang
- Wuya College of Innovation, Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery, Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Yan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Basic and Application Research of Beiyao, Ministry of Education, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Rui Zhu
- Wuya College of Innovation, Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery, Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Yang Xu
- Wuya College of Innovation, Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery, Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Dejuan Sun
- Wuya College of Innovation, Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery, Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Yueying Yang
- Wuya College of Innovation, Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery, Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Yushu Yan
- Wuya College of Innovation, Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery, Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Bingyou Yang
- Key Laboratory of Basic and Application Research of Beiyao, Ministry of Education, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin 150040, China.
| | - Hua Li
- Wuya College of Innovation, Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery, Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China; Institute of Structural Pharmacology & TCM Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou 350122, China.
| | - Lixia Chen
- Wuya College of Innovation, Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery, Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China.
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Zhang JF, Wu SF, Zhu L, Cai YX, Yu ZP, Kong LY, Luo JG. Withanolides from Physalis angulata var. villosa and the Relative Configurational Revision of Some Known Analogs. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2024; 87:38-49. [PMID: 38207331 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.3c00725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2024]
Abstract
Physalis angulata var. villosa is a plant possessing abundant withanolides, but in-depth research is lacking. In our ongoing study of P. angulata var. villosa, 15 previously undescribed withanolides (1-15), along with 21 known analogs (16-36), were isolated from the whole plant. The structures of the withanolides (1-15) were elucidated based on analysis of their 1D and 2D NMR, HRESIMS, and ECD data. Additionally, the application of γ-gauche effects with the help of ROESY correlations led to the formulation of empirical rules for withanolides with 14-OH/15-OAc to rapidly determine the 14-OH orientations, making it possible to propose configurational revisions of 19 previously reported analogs (1'-19'). Withanolides 1, 4-6, and 10 showed potent cytotoxic activities against three human cancer cell lines (HCT-116, MDA-MB-231, and A549).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Fei Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bioactive Natural Product Research, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Si-Fang Wu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bioactive Natural Product Research, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Ling Zhu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bioactive Natural Product Research, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu-Xing Cai
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bioactive Natural Product Research, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhan-Peng Yu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bioactive Natural Product Research, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Ling-Yi Kong
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bioactive Natural Product Research, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian-Guang Luo
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bioactive Natural Product Research, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, People's Republic of China
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Almeida AA, Lima GDA, Eiterer M, Rodrigues LA, A do Vale JA, Zanatta AC, Bressan GC, de Oliveira LL, Leite JPV. A Withanolide-rich Fraction of Athenaea velutina Induces Apoptosis and Cell Cycle Arrest in Melanoma B16F10 Cells. PLANTA MEDICA 2022; 88:429-439. [PMID: 33853120 DOI: 10.1055/a-1395-9046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Athenaea velutina is a promising Brazilian shrub with cytotoxic and antimigratory properties against cancer cells. However, the mechanism of induction of cancer cell death and the compounds involved remain unknown. To ascertain these bioactive compounds, bioassay-guided fractionation was performed, alongside the appropriate in vitro tests. A withanolide-rich fraction (FAv_5) from the dichloromethane extract increased cytotoxic activity by 1.5-fold (IC50 = 2.1 µg/mL). Fourteen withanolide steroids were tentatively identified for the first time for this species by mass spectrometry coupled to liquid chromatography (LC MS/MS), including withanolide A, aurelianolide A, and aurelianolide B. FAv_5 significantly decreased cell proliferation, migration, and invasion with a selectivity index greater than 8 for B16F10 cells. Furthermore, flow cytometry with annexin V fluorescein isothiocyanate/propidium iodide (V-FITC/PI) staining showed FAv_5 to promote cell cycle arrest at the G0/G1-phase as well as apoptotic cell death. Overall, these findings highlight A. velutina as a source of withanolide-steroids that inhibit cancer cell proliferation through apoptosis and cell cycle blockade mechanisms. Details on the geographic distribution of A. velutina and species conservation strategies have also been highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alisson A Almeida
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Brazil
| | - Graziela D A Lima
- Departamento de Biologia Geral, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | | | - Laís A Rodrigues
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Brazil
| | - Juliana A A do Vale
- Departamento de Biologia Geral, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Ana C Zanatta
- Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp), Instituto de Química, Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Gustavo C Bressan
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Brazil
| | - Leandro L de Oliveira
- Departamento de Biologia Geral, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - João P V Leite
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Brazil
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Shou P, Li J, Zhang P, Wei Y, Yan M, Zhang M, Feng K, Lin N, Zhao H, Yang B. Pharmacophore-probe reaction guided purification to precisely identify electrophilic withanolides from Tubocapsicum anomalum Makino and their anti-TNBC activity. Fitoterapia 2022; 158:105169. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2022.105169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Revised: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Recent Advances in the Chemistry and Therapeutic Evaluation of Naturally Occurring and Synthetic Withanolides. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27030886. [PMID: 35164150 PMCID: PMC8840339 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27030886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Revised: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural products are a major source of biologically active compounds that make promising lead molecules for developing efficacious drug-like molecules. Natural withanolides are found in many flora and fauna, including plants, algae, and corals, that traditionally have shown multiple health benefits and are known for their anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory, anti-bacterial, anti-leishmaniasis, and many other medicinal properties. Structures of these withanolides possess a few reactive sites that can be exploited to design and synthesize more potent and safe analogs. In this review, we discuss the literature evidence related to the medicinal implications, particularly anticancer properties of natural withanolides and their synthetic analogs, and provide perspectives on the translational potential of these promising compounds.
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Sultana T, Okla MK, Ahmed M, Akhtar N, Al-Hashimi A, Abdelgawad H, Haq IU. Withaferin A: From Ancient Remedy to Potential Drug Candidate. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26247696. [PMID: 34946778 PMCID: PMC8705790 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26247696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2021] [Revised: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Withaferin A (WA) is a pivotal withanolide that has conquered a conspicuous place in research, owning to its multidimensional biological properties. It is an abundant constituent in Withania somnifera Dunal. (Ashwagandha, WS) that is one of the prehistoric pivotal remedies in Ayurveda. This article reviews the literature about the pharmacological profile of WA with special emphasis on its anticancer aspect. We reviewed research publications concerning WA through four databases and provided a descriptive analysis of literature without statistical or qualitative analysis. WA has been found as an effective remedy with multifaceted mechanisms and a broad spectrum of pharmacological profiles. It has anticancer, anti-inflammatory, antiherpetic, antifibrotic, antiplatelet, profibrinolytic, immunosuppressive, antipigmentation, antileishmanial, and healing potentials. Evidence for wide pharmacological actions of WA has been established by both in vivo and in vitro studies. Further, the scientific literature accentuates the role of WA harboring a variable therapeutic spectrum for integrative cancer chemoprevention and cure. WA is a modern drug from traditional medicine that is necessary to be advanced to clinical trials for advocating its utility as a commercial drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tahira Sultana
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan;
| | - Mohammad K. Okla
- Botany and Microbiology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (M.K.O.); (A.A.-H.)
| | - Madiha Ahmed
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan;
- Shifa College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shifa Tameer-e-Millat University, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan
- Correspondence: (M.A.); (I.-u.-H.)
| | - Nosheen Akhtar
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Medical Sciences, Rawalpindi 43600, Pakistan;
| | - Abdulrahman Al-Hashimi
- Botany and Microbiology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (M.K.O.); (A.A.-H.)
| | - Hamada Abdelgawad
- Integrated Molecular Plant Physiology Research, Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, 2020 Antwerpen, Belgium;
| | - Ihsan-ul- Haq
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan;
- Correspondence: (M.A.); (I.-u.-H.)
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Abstract
Covering: March 2010 to December 2020. Previous review: Nat. Prod. Rep., 2011, 28, 705This review summarizes the latest progress and perspectives on the structural classification, biological activities and mechanisms, metabolism and pharmacokinetic investigations, biosynthesis, chemical synthesis and structural modifications, as well as future research directions of the promising natural withanolides. The literature from March 2010 to December 2020 is reviewed, and 287 references are cited.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gui-Yang Xia
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, Jinghai District, Tianjin, 301617, China. .,Wuya College of Innovation, Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery, Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China.
| | - Shi-Jie Cao
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, Jinghai District, Tianjin, 301617, China.
| | - Li-Xia Chen
- Wuya College of Innovation, Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery, Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China.
| | - Feng Qiu
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, Jinghai District, Tianjin, 301617, China.
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Xiang K, Li C, Li MX, Song ZR, Ma XX, Sun DJ, Li H, Chen LX. Withanolides isolated from Tubocapsicum anomalum and their antiproliferative activity. Bioorg Chem 2021; 110:104809. [PMID: 33752145 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2021.104809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2021] [Revised: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Seven undescribed withanolides (1-7) and six artificial withanolides (8-13), along with 20 known compounds (14-33) were isolated from the aerial parts of Tubocapsicum anomalum. Their structures were confirmed by comprehensive spectroscopic analyses. The absolute configuration of compound 1 was defined by single-crystal X-ray crystallography. All isolates were evaluated for their antiproliferative effects against five human tumor cell lines (Hep3B, MDA-MB-231, SW480, HCT116 and A549), among which compound 24 (tubocapsanolide A) exhibited the highest activities against the MDA-MB-231 cells with an IC50 value of 1.89 ± 1.03 μM. Further studies showed that 24 exhibited significant damage to mitochondria in MDA-MB-231 cells, including excess reactive oxygen species, decreased mitochondrial membrane potential, and apoptosis initiation. In addition, compound 24 also inhibited cell migration. These findings show that tubocapsanolide A may be a promising molecule for triple-negative breast cancer treatment and merit further evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Xiang
- Wuya College of Innovation, Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery, Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Chen Li
- Wuya College of Innovation, Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery, Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Ming-Xue Li
- Wuya College of Innovation, Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery, Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Zhuo-Rui Song
- Wuya College of Innovation, Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery, Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Xiao-Xin Ma
- Wuya College of Innovation, Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery, Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - De-Juan Sun
- Wuya College of Innovation, Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery, Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China.
| | - Hua Li
- Wuya College of Innovation, Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery, Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China.
| | - Li-Xia Chen
- Wuya College of Innovation, Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery, Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China.
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Zhang M, Jiang B, He X, Cao S, Ding L, Kang N, Chen L, Qiu F. New cytotoxic withanolides from Physalis minima. Fitoterapia 2020; 146:104728. [PMID: 32949648 DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2020.104728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Revised: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Phytochemical investigation of Physalis minima led to the isolation of six new withanolides, including physaminilides HK (1-4), two artificial withanolides (5-6), and 19 known ones (7-25). Their structures were elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic analysis, including NMR and electronic circular dichroism (ECD) data. The isolates were evaluated for their cytotoxic activities against A375 human melanoma cells. Compounds 1, 8-9, 12-13, 15-17 and 19 exhibited significant cytotoxic activities with IC50 values in the range of 1.2-7.5 μM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Zhang
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Wuya College of Innovation, Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery, Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, People's Republic of China; School of Chinese Materia Medica and Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, West Area, Tuanbo New Town, Jinghai District, Tianjin 301617, People's Republic of China
| | - Benke Jiang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica and Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, West Area, Tuanbo New Town, Jinghai District, Tianjin 301617, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinya He
- School of Chinese Materia Medica and Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, West Area, Tuanbo New Town, Jinghai District, Tianjin 301617, People's Republic of China
| | - Shijie Cao
- School of Chinese Materia Medica and Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, West Area, Tuanbo New Town, Jinghai District, Tianjin 301617, People's Republic of China
| | - Liqin Ding
- School of Chinese Materia Medica and Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, West Area, Tuanbo New Town, Jinghai District, Tianjin 301617, People's Republic of China
| | - Ning Kang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica and Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, West Area, Tuanbo New Town, Jinghai District, Tianjin 301617, People's Republic of China
| | - Lixia Chen
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Wuya College of Innovation, Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery, Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, People's Republic of China.
| | - Feng Qiu
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Wuya College of Innovation, Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery, Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, People's Republic of China; School of Chinese Materia Medica and Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, West Area, Tuanbo New Town, Jinghai District, Tianjin 301617, People's Republic of China.
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Zhang JL, Zhou FF, Li YZ, Feng T, Jiang LL, Jiang RW, Zhang XX, Li XD. New sesquiterpenoids with COX-2 inhibitory activity from the medical plant Physalis. alkekengi L. var. franchetii. Fitoterapia 2020; 141:104470. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2020.104470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2019] [Revised: 12/30/2019] [Accepted: 01/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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12
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Tan J, Liu Y, Cheng Y, Sun Y, Pan J, Guan W, Li X, Huang J, Jiang P, Guo S, Kuang H, Yang B. New withanolides with anti-inflammatory activity from the leaves of Datura metel L. Bioorg Chem 2020; 95:103541. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2019.103541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2019] [Revised: 12/02/2019] [Accepted: 12/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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Zhang M, Zhang B, Guang C, Jiang B, He X, Cao S, Ding L, Kang N, Chen L, Qiu F. New withanolides from Physalis minima and their cytotoxicity against A375 human melanoma cells. RSC Adv 2020; 10:22819-22827. [PMID: 35514550 PMCID: PMC9054647 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra04106h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Accepted: 05/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The new withanolides physaminilide A–G (1–7), and two artificial withanolides (8–9) were isolated from Physalis minima. Compounds 2, 5 and 8 exhibited significant cytotoxicity towards human tumor cells.
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Luan F, Han K, Li M, Zhang T, Liu D, Yu L, Lv H. Ethnomedicinal Uses, Phytochemistry, Pharmacology, and Toxicology of Species from the GenusAjugaL.: A Systematic Review. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CHINESE MEDICINE 2019; 47:959-1003. [PMID: 31416340 DOI: 10.1142/s0192415x19500502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The present review is aimed at providing a comprehensive summary of the botanical characteristics, ethnomedicinal uses, phytochemical, pharmacological, and toxicological studies of the genus Ajuga L. The extensive literature survey revealed Ajuga L. species to be a group of important medicinal plants used for the ethnomedical treatment of rheumatism, fever, gout, sclerosis, analgesia, inflammation, hypertension, hyperglycemia, joint pain, palsy, amenorrhea, etc., although only a few reports address the clinical use and toxicity of these plants. Currently, more than 280 chemical constituents have been isolated and characterized from these plants. Among these constituents, neo-clerodane diterpenes and diterpenoids, phytoecdysteroids, flavonoids, and iridoids are the major bioactive compounds, possessing wide-reaching biological activities both in vivo and in vitro, including anti-inflammatory, antinociceptive, antitumor, anti-oxidant, antidiabetic, antimicrobial, antifeedant, antidiarrhoeal, hypolipidemic, diuretic, hypoglycaemic, immunomodulatory, vasorelaxant, larvicidal, antimutagenic, and neuroprotective activity. This review is aimed at summarizing the current knowledge of the ethnomedicinal uses, phytochemistry, biological activities, and toxicities of the genus Ajuga L. to reveal its therapeutic potentials, offering opportunities for future researches. Therefore, more focus should be paid to gathering information about their toxicology data, quality-control measures, and the clinical application of the bioactive ingredients from Ajuga L. species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Luan
- Department of Pharmacy, Shaanxi Provincial Hospital of Tuberculosis Prevention and Treatment, Xi’an 710100, P. R. China
| | - Keqing Han
- Department of Pharmacy, Shaanxi Provincial Hospital of Tuberculosis Prevention and Treatment, Xi’an 710100, P. R. China
| | - Maoxing Li
- Department of Pharmacy, The 940th Hospital of Joint Logistic Support Force of PLA, Key Laboratory of the Prevention and Treatment for Injury in Plateau of PLA, Lanzhou 730050, P. R. China
| | - Ting Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Shaanxi Provincial Hospital of Tuberculosis Prevention and Treatment, Xi’an 710100, P. R. China
| | - Daoheng Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, Shaanxi Provincial Hospital of Tuberculosis Prevention and Treatment, Xi’an 710100, P. R. China
| | - Linhong Yu
- Department of Pharmacy, Shaanxi Provincial Hospital of Tuberculosis Prevention and Treatment, Xi’an 710100, P. R. China
| | - Haizhen Lv
- Department of Pharmacy, Shaanxi Provincial Hospital of Tuberculosis Prevention and Treatment, Xi’an 710100, P. R. China
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Sonar VP, Fois B, Distinto S, Maccioni E, Meleddu R, Cottiglia F, Acquas E, Kasture S, Floris C, Colombo D, Sissi C, Sanna E, Talani G. Ferulic Acid Esters and Withanolides: In Search of Withania somnifera GABA A Receptor Modulators. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2019; 82:1250-1257. [PMID: 30998355 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.8b01023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Nine compounds, including two undescribed withanolides, withasomniferolides A and B (1 and 2), three known withanolides (3-5), a ferulic acid dimeric ester (6), and an inseparable mixture of three long alkyl chain ferulic acid esters (7-9), were isolated from a GABAA receptor positive activator methanol extract of the roots of Withania somnifera. The structures of the isolated compounds were elucidated based on NMR, MS, and ECD data analysis. In order to bioassay the single ferulic acid derivatives, compounds 6-9 were also synthesized. The most active compound, docosanyl ferulate (9), was able to enhance the GABAA receptor inhibitory postsynaptic currents with an IC50 value of 7.9 μM. These results, by showing an ability to modulate the GABAA receptor function, cast fresh light on the biological activities of the secondary metabolites of W. somnifera roots.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vijay P Sonar
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences , University of Cagliari , 09124 Cagliari , Italy
- R. C. Patel Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research , Shirpur , 425404 India
| | - Benedetta Fois
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences , University of Cagliari , 09124 Cagliari , Italy
| | - Simona Distinto
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences , University of Cagliari , 09124 Cagliari , Italy
| | - Elias Maccioni
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences , University of Cagliari , 09124 Cagliari , Italy
| | - Rita Meleddu
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences , University of Cagliari , 09124 Cagliari , Italy
| | - Filippo Cottiglia
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences , University of Cagliari , 09124 Cagliari , Italy
| | - Elio Acquas
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences , University of Cagliari , 09124 Cagliari , Italy
- Centre of Excellence on Neurobiology of Addiction , University of Cagliari , 09042 Cagliari , Italy
| | - Sanjay Kasture
- Department of Pharmacology , Sanjivani College of Pharmaceutical Education & Research , Kopargaon , 423603 India
| | - Costantino Floris
- Department of Chemical and Geological Sciences , University of Cagliari , 09042 Monserrato , Italy
| | - Daniele Colombo
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences , University of Cagliari , 09124 Cagliari , Italy
| | - Claudia Sissi
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences , University of Padova , 35131 Padova , Italy
| | - Enrico Sanna
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences , University of Cagliari , 09124 Cagliari , Italy
- Centre of Excellence on Neurobiology of Addiction , University of Cagliari , 09042 Cagliari , Italy
| | - Giuseppe Talani
- National Research Council (CNR) , Institute of Neuroscience , 09042 Monserrato , Italy
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Subramanian C, White PT, Kuai R, Kalidindi A, Castle VP, Moon JJ, Timmermann BN, Schwendeman A, Cohen MS. Synthetic high-density lipoprotein nanoconjugate targets neuroblastoma stem cells, blocking migration and self-renewal. Surgery 2018; 164:S0039-6060(18)30080-1. [PMID: 29753460 PMCID: PMC6814450 DOI: 10.1016/j.surg.2018.01.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2017] [Accepted: 01/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pathways critical for neuroblastoma cancer stem cell function are targeted by 4,19,27-triacetyl withalongolide A (WGA-TA). Because neuroblastoma cells and their cancer stem cells highly overexpress the scavenger receptor class B type 1 receptor that binds to synthetic high-density lipoprotein, we hypothesized that a novel mimetic synthetic high-density lipoprotein nanoparticle would be an ideal carrier for the delivery of 4,19,27-triacetyl withalongolide to neuroblastoma and neuroblastoma cancer stem cells. METHODS Expression of scavenger receptor class B type 1 in validated human neuroblastoma cells was evaluated by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) and Western blot. In vitro cellular uptake of synthetic high-density lipoprotein nanoparticles was observed with a fluorescence microscope. In vivo biodistribution of synthetic high-density lipoprotein nanoparticles was investigated with IVIS imaging. Self-renewal and migration/invasion were assessed by sphere formation and Boyden chamber assays, respectively. Viability was analyzed by CellTiter-Glo assay. Cancer stem cell markers were evaluated by flow cytometry. RESULTS qPCR and Western blot analysis revealed a higher level of scavenger receptor class B type 1 expression and drug uptake in N-myc amplified neuroblastoma cells. In vitro uptake of synthetic high-density lipoprotein was almost completely blocked by excess synthetic high-density lipoprotein. The synthetic high-density lipoprotein nanoparticles mainly accumulated in the tumor and liver, but not in other organs. Synthetic HDL-4,19,27-triacetyl withalongolide showed a 1,000-fold higher potency than the carrier (synthetic high-density lipoprotein) alone (P < .01) to kill neuroblastoma cells. Additionally, a dose-dependent decrease in sphere formation, invasion, migration, and cancer stem cell markers was observed after treatment of neuroblastoma cells with synthetic high-density lipoprotein-4,19,27-triacetyl withalongolide A. CONCLUSION Synthetic high-density lipoprotein is a promising platform to improve the delivery of anticancer drug 4,19,27-triacetyl withalongolide A to neuroblastomas and neuroblastoma cancer stem cells through SR-B1 targeting in vitro and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Peter T White
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Rui Kuai
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI; Biointerfaces Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | | | | | - James J Moon
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI; Biointerfaces Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | | | - Anna Schwendeman
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI; Biointerfaces Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Mark S Cohen
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI; Department of Pharmacology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI.
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Zhang Y, Chen C, Zhang YL, Kong LY, Luo JG. Target discovery of cytotoxic withanolides from Physalis angulata var. villosa via reactivity-based screening. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2018; 151:194-199. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2017.12.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2017] [Revised: 11/09/2017] [Accepted: 12/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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18
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Structure-based design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of withaferin A-analogues as potent apoptotic inducers. Eur J Med Chem 2017; 140:52-64. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2017.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2017] [Revised: 09/01/2017] [Accepted: 09/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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19
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Natural Withanolides in the Treatment of Chronic Diseases. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2017; 928:329-373. [PMID: 27671823 PMCID: PMC7121644 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-41334-1_14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Withanolides, and in particular extracts from Withania somnifera, have been used for over 3,000 years in traditional Ayurvedic and Unani Indian medical systems as well as within several other Asian countries. Traditionally, the extracts were ascribed a wide range of pharmacologic properties with corresponding medical uses, including adaptogenic, diuretic, anti-inflammatory, sedative/anxiolytic, cytotoxic, antitussive, and immunomodulatory. Since the discovery of the archetype withaferin A in 1965, approximately 900 of these naturally occurring, polyoxygenated steroidal lactones with 28-carbon ergostane skeletons have been discovered across 24 diverse structural types. Subsequently, extensive pharmacologic research has identified multiple mechanisms of action across key inflammatory pathways. In this chapter we identify and describe the major withanolides with anti-inflammatory properties, illustrate their role within essential and supportive inflammatory pathways (including NF-κB, JAK/STAT, AP-1, PPARγ, Hsp90 Nrf2, and HIF-1), and then discuss the clinical application of these withanolides in inflammation-mediated chronic diseases (including arthritis, autoimmune, cancer, neurodegenerative, and neurobehavioral). These naturally derived compounds exhibit remarkable biologic activity across these complex disease processes, while showing minimal adverse effects. As novel compounds and analogs continue to be discovered, characterized, and clinically evaluated, the interest in withanolides as a novel therapeutic only continues to grow.
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Xia G, Li Y, Sun J, Wang L, Tang X, Lin B, Kang N, Huang J, Chen L, Qiu F. Withanolides from the stems and leaves of Physalis pubescens and their cytotoxic activity. Steroids 2016; 115:136-146. [PMID: 27623060 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2016.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2016] [Revised: 08/17/2016] [Accepted: 09/07/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
A phytochemical study of Physalis pubescens L. afforded twelve compounds, including six new withanolides (1, 4, and 6i-9), four new withanolide glucosides (2, 3, 5, and 6), and two known withanolides (10 and 11). Their structures were established via extensive spectroscopic analysis. The absolute configuration of 3 was assigned using X-ray crystallography, and the absolute configurations of the 1,2-diol moiety in 1 were determined using the in situ dimolybdenum electronic circular dichroism method. Compounds 7, 9, and 10 exhibited significant cytotoxicity against human prostate cancer cells (C4-2B and 22Rvl), human renal carcinoma cells (786-O, A-498, Caki-2, and ACHN), human melanoma cells (A375 and A375-S2), and human normal hepatic cell line (L02) with IC50 values in the range of 0.17-5.30μM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guiyang Xia
- Department of Natural Products Chemistry, School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery, Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, People's Republic of China; Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine and School of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 312 Anshanxi Road, Nankai District, Tianjin 300193, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Li
- Department of Natural Products Chemistry, School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery, Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiawen Sun
- Department of Natural Products Chemistry, School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery, Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, People's Republic of China
| | - Liqing Wang
- Department of Natural Products Chemistry, School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery, Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaolong Tang
- Department of Natural Products Chemistry, School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery, Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, People's Republic of China
| | - Bin Lin
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery, Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, People's Republic of China
| | - Ning Kang
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine and School of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 312 Anshanxi Road, Nankai District, Tianjin 300193, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian Huang
- Department of Natural Products Chemistry, School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery, Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, People's Republic of China
| | - Lixia Chen
- Department of Natural Products Chemistry, School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery, Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, People's Republic of China.
| | - Feng Qiu
- Department of Natural Products Chemistry, School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery, Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, People's Republic of China; Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine and School of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 312 Anshanxi Road, Nankai District, Tianjin 300193, People's Republic of China.
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21
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Chen LX, Xia GY, He H, Huang J, Qiu F, Zi XL. New withanolides with TRAIL-sensitizing effect from Physalis pubescens L. RSC Adv 2016; 6:52925-52936. [PMID: 27822364 PMCID: PMC5095689 DOI: 10.1039/c6ra07031k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Physalis pubescens L. plant produces nutritious and healthy fruits, called husk tomato or hairy ground cherry. However, its bioactive components are largely unknown. Four new withanolide steroids (1-4) together with one known withanolide (5) were isolated from the extract of P. pubescens L. and their chemical structures were established by extensive spectroscopic analyses. Compounds 1, 3 and 5 showed potent growth inhibitory effects against four human renal cell carcinoma (RCC) cell lines (i.e. 786-O, A-498, Caki-2 and ACHN). Among them, compound 1 was the most potent one with IC50s ranged from 0.30 to 0.77 μM. Further experiment showed that 1 sensitized human RCC cells 786-O to the tumor necrosis factor related apoptosis ligand (TRAIL)-induced apoptosis and increased the expression of C/EBP-homologous protein (CHOP) and death receptor-5 (DR5), leading to activation of the DR5 and caspase-8/3 mediated apoptosis pathway. Molecular docking analysis revealed that compound 1 could bind stably to the TRAIL/DR5 complex through hydrogen bonds. These results suggest that the new withanolide (1) is a lead anti-cancer compound existing in P. pubescens L. and deserves further investigation for RCC prevention and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Xia Chen
- Department of Natural Products Chemistry, School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery, Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, People's Republic of China; Department of Urology, University of California, Irvine, Orange, CA 92868, USA
| | - Gui-Yang Xia
- Department of Natural Products Chemistry, School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery, Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, People's Republic of China; School of Chinese Materia Medica and Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300193, People's Republic of China
| | - Hao He
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Xi' an Medical University, Xi' an 710021, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian Huang
- Department of Natural Products Chemistry, School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery, Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, People's Republic of China
| | - Feng Qiu
- Department of Natural Products Chemistry, School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery, Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, People's Republic of China; School of Chinese Materia Medica and Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300193, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Lin Zi
- Department of Urology, University of California, Irvine, Orange, CA 92868, USA
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22
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Xu YM, Bunting DP, Liu MX, Bandaranayake HA, Gunatilaka AAL. 17β-Hydroxy-18-acetoxywithanolides from Aeroponically Grown Physalis crassifolia and Their Potent and Selective Cytotoxicity for Prostate Cancer Cells. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2016; 79:821-830. [PMID: 27071003 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.5b00911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
When cultivated under aeroponic growth conditions, Physalis crassifolia produced 11 new withanolides (1-11) and seven known withanolides (12-18) including those obtained from the wild-crafted plant. The structures of the new withanolides were elucidated by the application of spectroscopic techniques, and the known withanolides were identified by comparison of their spectroscopic data with those reported. Withanolides 1-11 and 16 were evaluated for their potential anticancer activity using five tumor cell lines. Of these, the 17β-hydroxy-18-acetoxywithanolides 1, 2, 6, 7, and 16 showed potent antiproliferative activity, with some having selectivity for prostate adenocarcinoma (LNCaP and PC-3M) compared to the breast adenocarcinoma (MCF-7), non-small-cell lung cancer (NCI-H460), and CNS glioma (SF-268) cell lines used. The cytotoxicity data obtained for 12-15, 17, and 19 have provided additional structure-activity relationship information for the 17β-hydroxy-18-acetoxywithanolides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-ming Xu
- Natural Products Center, School of Natural Resources and the Environment, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, University of Arizona , 250 E. Valencia Road, Tucson, Arizona 85706, United States
| | - Daniel P Bunting
- Natural Products Center, School of Natural Resources and the Environment, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, University of Arizona , 250 E. Valencia Road, Tucson, Arizona 85706, United States
| | - Manping X Liu
- Natural Products Center, School of Natural Resources and the Environment, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, University of Arizona , 250 E. Valencia Road, Tucson, Arizona 85706, United States
| | - Hema A Bandaranayake
- Natural Products Center, School of Natural Resources and the Environment, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, University of Arizona , 250 E. Valencia Road, Tucson, Arizona 85706, United States
| | - A A Leslie Gunatilaka
- Natural Products Center, School of Natural Resources and the Environment, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, University of Arizona , 250 E. Valencia Road, Tucson, Arizona 85706, United States
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23
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Zhang H, Timmermann BN. Withanolide Structural Revisions by (13)C NMR Spectroscopic Analysis Inclusive of the γ-Gauche Effect. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2016; 79:732-742. [PMID: 26894655 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.5b00648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
A classic withanolide is defined as a highly oxygenated C28 ergostane-type steroid that is characterized by a C22-hydroxy-C26-oic acid δ-lactone in the nine-carbon side chain. Analysis of the reported (13)C NMR data of classic withanolides with hydroxy groups (C-14, C-17, and C-20) revealed that (1) a hydroxy (C-14 or C-17) substituent significantly alters the chemical shifts (C-7, C-9, C-12, and C-21) via the γ-gauche effect; (2) the chemical shift values (C-9, C-12, and C-21) reflect the orientation (α or β) of the hydroxy moiety (C-14 or C-17); (3) a double-bond positional change in ring A (Δ(2) to Δ(3)), or hydroxylation (C-27), results in a minuscule effect on the chemical shifts of carbons in rings C and D (from C-12 to C-18); and (4) the (13)C NMR γ-gauche effect method is more convenient and reliable than the traditional approach ((1)H NMR shift comparisons in C5D5N versus CDCl3) to probe the orientation of the hydroxy substituent (C-14 and C-17). Utilization of these rules demonstrated that the reported (13)C NMR data of withanolides 1a-29a were inconsistent with their published structures, which were subsequently revised as 1-16 and 12 and 18-29, respectively. When combined, this strongly supports the application of these methods to determine the relative configuration of steroidal substituents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huaping Zhang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Kansas , Lawrence, Kansas 66045, United States
| | - Barbara N Timmermann
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Kansas , Lawrence, Kansas 66045, United States
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24
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Zhang WN, Tong WY. Chemical Constituents and Biological Activities of Plants from the GenusPhysalis. Chem Biodivers 2016; 13:48-65. [DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.201400435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2014] [Accepted: 03/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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25
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Ma T, Zhang WN, Yang L, Zhang C, Lin R, Shan SM, Zhu MD, Luo JG, Kong LY. Cytotoxic withanolides from Physalis angulata var. villosa and the apoptosis-inducing effect via ROS generation and the activation of MAPK in human osteosarcoma cells. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra08574a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Physagulide I induced apoptosis and cell cycle arrest via ROS generation and the activation of MAPK in human osteosarcoma cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines
- Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry
- China Pharmaceutical University
- Nanjing 210009
- People's Republic of China
| | - Wen-Na Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines
- Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry
- China Pharmaceutical University
- Nanjing 210009
- People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines
- Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry
- China Pharmaceutical University
- Nanjing 210009
- People's Republic of China
| | - Chao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines
- Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry
- China Pharmaceutical University
- Nanjing 210009
- People's Republic of China
| | - Ru Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines
- Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry
- China Pharmaceutical University
- Nanjing 210009
- People's Republic of China
| | - Si-Ming Shan
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines
- Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry
- China Pharmaceutical University
- Nanjing 210009
- People's Republic of China
| | - Meng-Di Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines
- Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry
- China Pharmaceutical University
- Nanjing 210009
- People's Republic of China
| | - Jian-Guang Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines
- Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry
- China Pharmaceutical University
- Nanjing 210009
- People's Republic of China
| | - Ling-Yi Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines
- Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry
- China Pharmaceutical University
- Nanjing 210009
- People's Republic of China
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26
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Gao CY, Ma T, Luo J, Kong LY. Three New Cytotoxic Withanolides from the Chinese Folk Medicine Physalis angulata. Nat Prod Commun 2015. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x1501001211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Physagulides M-O, three new withanolides (1–3), were isolated from the aerial parts of Physalis angulata L. Their structures were elucidated through extensive spectroscopic techniques, including 1D and 2D NMR, and HRESIMS. The absolute configurations (22- R) of these new compounds were determined by CD analysis. Compounds 1 and 3 showed significant selective cytotoxic activities on the MG-63 cell line, with IC50 values of 4.28 and 5.44 μM, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cai-Yun Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tong Jia Xiang, Nanjing, 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Ting Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tong Jia Xiang, Nanjing, 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tong Jia Xiang, Nanjing, 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Ling-Yi Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tong Jia Xiang, Nanjing, 210009, People's Republic of China
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27
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Devkar ST, Kandhare AD, Sloley BD, Jagtap SD, Lin J, Tam YK, Katyare SS, Bodhankar SL, Hegde MV. Evaluation of the bioavailability of major withanolides of Withania somnifera using an in vitro absorption model system. J Adv Pharm Technol Res 2015; 6:159-64. [PMID: 26605156 PMCID: PMC4630722 DOI: 10.4103/2231-4040.165023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Withania somnifera (L.) Dunal, shows several pharmacological properties which are attributed mainly to the withanolides present in the root. The efficacy of medicinally active withanolides constituents depends on the absorption and transportation through the intestinal epithelium. We examined these characteristics by employing the Sino-Veda Madin-Darby canine kidney cells culture system, which under in vitro condition shows the absorption characteristics similar to the human intestinal epithelium. Thus, the aim of the present investigation was to assess the bioavailability of individual withanolides. Withanolides were diluted in Hank's buffered saline at a concentration of 2 μg/ml were tested for permeability studies carried out for 1 h duration. Permeability was measured in terms of efflux pump (Peff) in cm/s. Peff values of withanolide A (WN A), withanone (WNN), 1,2-deoxywithastramonolide (1,2 DWM), withanolide B (WN B), withanoside IV-V (WS IV-V), and withaferin A were 4.05 × 10−5, 2.06 × 10−5, 1.97 × 10−5, 1.80 × 10−5, 3.19 × 10−6, 3.03 × 10−6 and 3.30 × 10−7 respectively. In conclusion, the nonpolar and low molecular weight compounds (WN A, WNN, 1,2 DWM, and WN B) were highly permeable. As against this, the glycosylated and polar WS IV and WS V showed low permeability. Surprisingly and paradoxically, the highly biologically active withaferin A was completely impermeable, suggesting that further studies possibly using human epithelial colorectal adenocarcinoma (Caco-2) cells may be needed to delineate the absorption characteristics of withanolides, especially withaferin A.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santosh T Devkar
- Centre for Innovation Nutrition Health Disease - Interactive Research School for Health Affairs, Bharati Vidyapeeth University, Medical College Campus, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Amit D Kandhare
- Department of Pharmacology, Poona College of Pharmacy, Bharati Vidyapeeth Deemed University, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Brian D Sloley
- SinoVeda Canada Inc. Suite 100, BBDC 2011-94 Street Edmonton, AB T6N 1H1 Canada
| | - Suresh D Jagtap
- Interactive Research School for Health Affairs, Herbal Biotechnology Research Laboratory, Bharati Vidyapeeth University, Medical College Campus, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - James Lin
- SinoVeda Canada Inc. Suite 100, BBDC 2011-94 Street Edmonton, AB T6N 1H1 Canada
| | - Yun K Tam
- SinoVeda Canada Inc. Suite 100, BBDC 2011-94 Street Edmonton, AB T6N 1H1 Canada
| | - Surendra S Katyare
- Centre for Innovation Nutrition Health Disease - Interactive Research School for Health Affairs, Bharati Vidyapeeth University, Medical College Campus, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Subhash L Bodhankar
- Department of Pharmacology, Poona College of Pharmacy, Bharati Vidyapeeth Deemed University, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Mahabaleshwar V Hegde
- Centre for Innovation Nutrition Health Disease - Interactive Research School for Health Affairs, Bharati Vidyapeeth University, Medical College Campus, Pune, Maharashtra, India
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Novel HSP90 inhibitors effectively target functions of thyroid cancer stem cell preventing migration and invasion. Surgery 2015; 159:142-51. [PMID: 26542767 DOI: 10.1016/j.surg.2015.07.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2015] [Revised: 05/16/2015] [Accepted: 07/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Thyroid cancer stem cells (CSCs) with ALDH and CD44 markers contribute to tumor growth and aggressiveness. We hypothesized that novel HSP90 inhibitors (KU711, WGA-TA) and 17-AAG can effectively target the function of thyroid CSCs in vitro and prevent migration and invasion. METHODS Validated papillary (TPC1), follicular (FTC238,WRO), and anaplastic (ACT1) human thyroid cancer cell lines were treated with 3 HSP90 inhibitors. CSCs were quantified for aldehyde dehydrogenase by flow cytometry, CD44 expression by Western blot, and thyrosphere formation assay. Cellular pathway proteins were analyzed by Western blot and migration/invasion by Boyden-chambers. RESULTS WGA-TA and 17-AAG induced HSP70 compensation (not observed with KU711) on Western blot in all cell lines (>1,000 fold vs controls). Only WGA-TA degraded HSP90-Cdc37 complexing by 60-70% versus controls. Expression of HSP90 clients β-catenin, BRAF, Akt, and phospho-Akt were significantly inhibited by WGA-TA treatment (50-80%, 50-90%, >80%, and >90%) compared with controls, KU711, and 17-AAG treatment. KU711 and WGA-TA decreased CD44 expression in all cell lines (25-60% vs controls/17-AAG), decreased ALDEFLOR activity by 69-98% (P < .005), and decreased sphere formation by 64-99% (P < .05 each). Finally, cell migration was decreased by 31-98%, 100%, and 30-38%, and invasion by 75-100%, 100%, and 47% by KU711,WGA-TA, and 17-AAG treatment (P < .05) each, respectively. CONCLUSION KU711 and WGA-TA are novel HSP90 inhibitors targeting CSC function and inhibiting cell migration/invasion in differentiated and anaplastic thyroid cancers, warranting further translational evaluation in vivo.
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29
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Cao CM, Wu X, Kindscher K, Xu L, Timmermann BN. Withanolides and Sucrose Esters from Physalis neomexicana. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2015; 78:2488-2493. [PMID: 26492982 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.5b00698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Four withanolides (1-4) and two sucrose esters (5, 6) were isolated from the aerial parts of Physalis neomexicana. The structures of 1-6 were elucidated through a variety of spectroscopic techniques. Cytotoxicity studies of the isolates revealed that 2 inhibited human breast cancer cell lines (MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7) with IC50 values of 1.7 and 6.3 μM, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Kelly Kindscher
- Kansas Biological Survey, University of Kansas , Lawrence, Kansas 66047, United States
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30
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Gallagher RJ, Subramanian C, Grogan PT, Kindscher K, Cao CM, Zhang H, Cohen MS, Timmermann BN. The therapeutic potential of Physalis longifolia against various carcinomas. PHARMANUTRITION 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.phanu.2015.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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31
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Yoneyama T, Arai MA, Sadhu SK, Ahmed F, Ishibashi M. Hedgehog inhibitors from Withania somnifera. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2015; 25:3541-4. [PMID: 26169123 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2015.06.081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2015] [Revised: 06/23/2015] [Accepted: 06/24/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The hedgehog (Hh) signaling pathway performs an important role in embryonic development and in cellular proliferation and differentiation. However, aberrant activation of the Hh signaling pathway is associated with tumorigenesis. Hh signal inhibition was evaluated using a cell-based assay system that targets GLI1-mediated transcription. Activity-guided isolation of the Withania somnifera MeOH extract led to the isolation of six compounds: withaferin A (1) and its derivatives (2-6). Compounds 1 and 2 showed strong inhibition of Hh/GLI1-mediated transcriptional activity with IC50 values of 0.5 and 0.6 μM, respectively. Compounds 1, 2, 3, and 6 were cytotoxic toward human pancreatic (PANC-1), prostate (DU145) and breast (MCF7) cancer cells. Furthermore, 1 also inhibited GLI1-DNA complex formation in EMSA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatsuro Yoneyama
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-8675, Japan
| | - Midori A Arai
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-8675, Japan.
| | - Samir K Sadhu
- Pharmacy Discipline, Life Science School, Khulna University, Khulna 9208, Bangladesh
| | - Firoj Ahmed
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Dhaka, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh
| | - Masami Ishibashi
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-8675, Japan.
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32
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Zhang H, Cao CM, Gallagher RJ, Day VW, Kindscher K, Timmermann BN. Withanolides from Physalis coztomatl. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2015; 109:147-153. [PMID: 25457493 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2014.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2014] [Revised: 09/30/2014] [Accepted: 10/14/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Six withanolides (1-6), as well as two known withanolides (physachenolide D 7 and withanoside VI 8), were isolated from the aerial parts of Physalis coztomatl (Solanaceae). Structural elucidations of 1-6 were achieved through 2D NMR and other spectroscopic techniques, while the structure of 1 was confirmed by X-ray crystallographic analysis. In addition, the stereochemical orientation of the 17-hydroxy group in withanolides was discussed in relation to (13)C NMR shifts of C-12, 13, 14 and 16. Such analysis established that coagulansin A contains a 17α-hydroxy moiety rather than the reported 17β-hydroxy functionality, and has been revised accordingly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huaping Zhang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA
| | - Cong-Mei Cao
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA
| | - Robert J Gallagher
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA
| | - Victor W Day
- The Small-Molecule X-ray Crystallography Laboratory, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66047, USA
| | - Kelly Kindscher
- Kansas Biological Survey, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66047, USA
| | - Barbara N Timmermann
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA.
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33
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Chen BW, Chen YY, Lin YC, Huang CY, Uvarani C, Hwang TL, Chiang MY, Liu HY, Sheu JH. Capsisteroids A–F, withanolides from the leaves of Solanum capsicoides. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra12014d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A known withanolide steroid cilistol G (1) and six new withanolides, capsisteroids A–F (2–7), were isolated from the EtOAc extract of the leaves of Solanum capsicoides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo-Wei Chen
- Department of Marine Biotechnology and Resources
- National Sun Yat-sen University
- Kaohsiung 804
- Taiwan
| | - Yang-Yih Chen
- Department of Marine Environment and Engineering
- National Sun Yat-sen University
- Kaohsiung 804
- Taiwan
- Department of Hydraulic and Ocean Engineering
| | - You-Cheng Lin
- Department of Marine Biotechnology and Resources
- National Sun Yat-sen University
- Kaohsiung 804
- Taiwan
| | - Chiung-Yao Huang
- Department of Marine Biotechnology and Resources
- National Sun Yat-sen University
- Kaohsiung 804
- Taiwan
| | - Chokkalingam Uvarani
- Department of Marine Biotechnology and Resources
- National Sun Yat-sen University
- Kaohsiung 804
- Taiwan
- National Museum of Marine Biology and Aquarium
| | - Tsong-Long Hwang
- Graduate Institute of Natural Products
- Chang Gung University
- Taoyuan 333
- Taiwan
| | - Michael Y. Chiang
- Department of Chemistry
- National Sun Yat-sen University
- Kaohsiung 804
- Taiwan
| | - Ho-Yih Liu
- Department of Biological Sciences
- National Sun Yat-sen University
- Kaohsiung 804
- Taiwan
| | - Jyh-Horng Sheu
- Department of Marine Biotechnology and Resources
- National Sun Yat-sen University
- Kaohsiung 804
- Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research
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34
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Cao CM, Kindscher K, Gallagher RJ, Zhang H, Timmermann BN. Analysis of Major Withanolides in Physalis longifolia Nutt. by HPLC-PDA. J Chromatogr Sci 2014; 53:1044-7. [PMID: 25466231 DOI: 10.1093/chromsci/bmu162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2014] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
An analytical method based on high-performance liquid chromatography-photodiode array detection was developed for the simultaneous determination of three anti-proliferative withanolides [withalongolide A ( 1: ), withaferin A ( 2: ) and withalongolide B ( 3: )] present in the aboveground biomass of the long-leaf groundcherry, Physalis longifolia. This method was achieved by biomass extraction followed by chromatographic separation on C18 column eluted with a gradient acetonitrile-water mobile phase. Calibration curves produced satisfactory linear regression (r(2) > 0.9995) for each examined sample. The method was also validated for accuracy, precision and limits of detection and quantification. Such an approach is applicable for the rapid detection and quantitative assessment of withanolides in various P. longifolia accessions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cong-Mei Cao
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, USA
| | - Kelly Kindscher
- Kansas Biological Survey, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, USA
| | - Robert J Gallagher
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, USA
| | - Huaping Zhang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, USA
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35
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Zhang H, Cao CM, Gallagher RJ, Timmermann BN. Antiproliferative withanolides from several solanaceous species. Nat Prod Res 2014; 28:1941-51. [PMID: 24871278 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2014.919286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
To date, our work on solanaceous species (Datura wrightii, Jaborosa caulescens, Physalis hispida, Physalis longifolia, Vassobia breviflora and Withania somnifera) has resulted in the isolation of 65 withanolides, 31 of which were new, as well as the semi-synthesis of a further 30 withanolides. Structure identification and MTS assay-based antiproliferative evaluation of these 95 compounds revealed that a Δ(2)-1-oxo functionality in ring A, in conjunction with either a 5β,6β-epoxy or 5α-chloro-6β-hydroxy moiety in ring B, is the minimum structural requirement for withanolides to produce potent cytotoxic activity. Such structure-activity relationship analysis also revealed that oxygenation (the -OH or -OR groups) at C-4, 7, 11 and 12, as well as C-14 to C-28, did not contribute towards the observed antiproliferative activity. Herein, we present a complete overview of our work as it relates to the withanolides reported from 1965 to 2013.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huaping Zhang
- a Department of Medicinal Chemistry , School of Pharmacy, University of Kansas , Lawrence , KS 66045 , USA
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36
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Subramanian C, Zhang H, Gallagher R, Hammer G, Timmermann B, Cohen M. Withanolides are Potent Novel Targeted Therapeutic Agents Against Adrenocortical Carcinomas. World J Surg 2014; 38:1343-52. [DOI: 10.1007/s00268-014-2532-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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37
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Yang BY, Guo R, Li T, Liu Y, Wang CF, Shu ZP, Wang ZB, Zhang J, Xia YG, Jiang H, Wang QH, Kuang HX. Five withanolides from the leaves of Datura metel L. and their inhibitory effects on nitric oxide production. Molecules 2014; 19:4548-59. [PMID: 24731984 PMCID: PMC6271864 DOI: 10.3390/molecules19044548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2014] [Revised: 04/04/2014] [Accepted: 04/08/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Four new withanolides named dmetelins A–D (compounds 1–4), along with the known compound 7α,27-dihydroxy-1-oxo-witha-2,5,24-trienolide (5) were isolated from the leaves of Datura metel L. (Solanaceae). Their structures were elucidated on the basis of detailed analysis of 1D and 2D NMR and mass spectrometry data. All the compounds were evaluated for their inhibitory effects on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced nitric oxide (NO) production in RAW 264.7 cells. Compounds 1, 4 and 5 showed significant inhibitory activities, and compounds 2 and 3 showed moderate inhibitory activities with IC50 values of 17.8, 11.6, 14.9, 33.3 and 28.6 μM, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing-You Yang
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Materia Medica (Ministry of Education), Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Education, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Rui Guo
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Materia Medica (Ministry of Education), Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Education, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Ting Li
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Materia Medica (Ministry of Education), Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Education, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Yan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Materia Medica (Ministry of Education), Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Education, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Chang-Fu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Materia Medica (Ministry of Education), Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Education, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Zun-Peng Shu
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Materia Medica (Ministry of Education), Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Education, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Zhi-Bin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Materia Medica (Ministry of Education), Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Education, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Materia Medica (Ministry of Education), Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Education, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Yong-Gang Xia
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Materia Medica (Ministry of Education), Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Education, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Hai Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Materia Medica (Ministry of Education), Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Education, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Qiu-Hong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Materia Medica (Ministry of Education), Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Education, Harbin 150040, China.
| | - Hai-Xue Kuang
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Materia Medica (Ministry of Education), Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Education, Harbin 150040, China.
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38
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Cao CM, Zhang H, Gallagher RJ, Day VW, Kindscher K, Grogan P, Cohen MS, Timmermann BN. Withanolides from Physalis hispida. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2014; 77:631-639. [PMID: 24456028 DOI: 10.1021/np400953n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Nine new withanolides (1-9), withahisolides A-I, were isolated along with nine known compounds (10-18) from the aerial parts of Physalis hispida. The structures of 1-9 were elucidated through a variety of spectroscopic techniques, while the structures of 1 and 2 were confirmed by X-ray crystallographic analysis. Compounds 1-3 are the first withanolides with nonaromatic six-membered ring D moieties. In addition, withanolide 8 represents a novel withanolide skeleton due to the absence of a C-13-C-17 bond within the steroidal nucleus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cong-Mei Cao
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Kansas , Lawrence, Kansas 66045, United States
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39
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Zhang H, Cao CM, Gallagher RJ, Day VW, Montenegro G, Timmermann BN. Withanolides from Jaborosa caulescens var. bipinnatifida. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2014; 98:232-235. [PMID: 24314746 PMCID: PMC3947017 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2013.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2013] [Revised: 07/29/2013] [Accepted: 11/05/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Withanolides 2,3-dihydrotrechonolide A (1) and 2,3-dihydro-21-hydroxytrechonolide A (2) were isolated along with two known withanolides trechonolide A (3) and jaborosalactone 39 (4) from Jaborosa caulescens var. bipinnatifida (Solanaceae). The structures of 1-2 were elucidated through 2D NMR and other spectroscopic techniques. In addition, the structure of withanolide 1 was confirmed by X-ray crystallographic analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huaping Zhang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA
| | - Cong-Mei Cao
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA
| | - Robert J Gallagher
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA
| | - Victor W Day
- The Small-Molecule X-ray Crystallography Laboratory, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66047, USA
| | - Gloria Montenegro
- Facultad de Agronomia e Ingenieria Forestal, Universidad Católica de Chile, Vicuna Mackenna 4860 Santiago, Chile
| | - Barbara N Timmermann
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA.
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40
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Cao CM, Zhang H, Gallagher RJ, Timmermann BN. Withanolide artifacts formed in methanol. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2013; 76:2040-2046. [PMID: 24152046 DOI: 10.1021/np400296s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Methanol solutions of the main withanolides (6-8) naturally present in Physalis longifolia yielded five artificial withanolides (1-5), including three new compounds (1-3). Withanolides 1 and 2 were identified as intramolecular Michael addition derivatives, while withanolides 3-5 were the result of intermolecular Michael addition. A comprehensive literature investigation was conducted to identify potential withanolide Michael addition artifacts isolated from Solanaceous species to date.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cong-Mei Cao
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Kansas , Lawrence, Kansas 66045, United States
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41
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Motiwala HF, Bazzill J, Samadi A, Zhang H, Timmermann BN, Cohen MS, Aubé J. Synthesis and Cytotoxicity of Semisynthetic Withalongolide A Analogues. ACS Med Chem Lett 2013; 4. [PMID: 24273633 DOI: 10.1021/ml400267q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The natural product withaferin A exhibits potent antitumor activity and other diverse pharmacological activities. The recently discovered withalongolide A, a C-19 hydroxylated congener of withaferin A, was recently reported to possess cytotoxic activity against head and neck squamous cell carcinomas. Semisynthetic acetylated analogues of withalongolide A were shown to be considerably more cytotoxic than the parent compound. To further explore the structure-activity relationships, 20 new semisynthetic analogues of withalongolide A were synthesized and evaluated for cytotoxic activity against four different cancer cell lines. A number of derivatives were found to be more potent than the parent compound and withaferin A.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hashim F. Motiwala
- Department
of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Kansas, Del Shankel Structural Biology Center, 2034 Becker Drive, West Campus, Lawrence, Kansas 66047, United States
| | - Joseph Bazzill
- Division of Endocrine
Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Michigan Hospital and Health Systems, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Abbas Samadi
- Department
of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas
City, Kansas 66160, United States
| | - Huaping Zhang
- Department
of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66045, United States
| | - Barbara N. Timmermann
- Department
of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66045, United States
| | - Mark S. Cohen
- Division of Endocrine
Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Michigan Hospital and Health Systems, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Jeffrey Aubé
- Department
of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Kansas, Del Shankel Structural Biology Center, 2034 Becker Drive, West Campus, Lawrence, Kansas 66047, United States
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Salvador JAR, Carvalho JFS, Neves MAC, Silvestre SM, Leitão AJ, Silva MMC, Sá e Melo ML. Anticancer steroids: linking natural and semi-synthetic compounds. Nat Prod Rep 2013; 30:324-74. [PMID: 23151898 DOI: 10.1039/c2np20082a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 197] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Steroids, a widespread class of natural organic compounds occurring in animals, plants and fungi, have shown great therapeutic value for a broad array of pathologies. The present overview is focused on the anticancer activity of steroids, which is very representative of a rich structural molecular diversity and ability to interact with various biological targets and pathways. This review encompasses the most relevant discoveries on steroid anticancer drugs and leads through the last decade and comprises 668 references.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge A R Salvador
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Polo das Ciências da Saúde, 3000-508, Coimbra, Portugal.
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Zhang H, Bazzill J, Gallagher RJ, Subramanian C, Grogan PT, Day VW, Kindscher K, Cohen MS, Timmermann BN. Antiproliferative withanolides from Datura wrightii. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2013; 76:445-449. [PMID: 23252848 PMCID: PMC3606642 DOI: 10.1021/np300766p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
A new withanolide, named withawrightolide (1), and four known withanolides (2-5) were isolated from the aerial parts of Datura wrightii. The structure of compound 1 was elucidated through 2D NMR and other spectroscopic techniques. In addition, the structure of withametelin L (2) was confirmed by X-ray crystallographic analysis. Using MTS viability assays, withanolides 1-5 showed antiproliferative activities against human glioblastoma (U251 and U87), head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (MDA-1986), and normal fetal lung fibroblast (MRC-5) cells with IC50 values in the range between 0.56 and 5.6 μM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huaping Zhang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA
| | - Joseph Bazzill
- Division of Endocrine Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Michigan Hospital and Health Systems, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Robert J. Gallagher
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA
| | - Chitra Subramanian
- Division of Endocrine Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Michigan Hospital and Health Systems, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Patrick T. Grogan
- Division of Endocrine Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Michigan Hospital and Health Systems, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
| | - Victor W. Day
- The Small-Molecule X-ray Crystallography Laboratory, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66047, USA
| | - Kelly Kindscher
- Kansas Biological Survey, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66047, USA
| | - Mark S. Cohen
- Division of Endocrine Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Michigan Hospital and Health Systems, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Barbara N. Timmermann
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA
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Zhang H, Motiwala H, Samadi A, Day V, Aubé J, Cohen M, Kindscher K, Gollapudi R, Timmermann B. Minor withanolides of Physalis longifolia: structure and cytotoxicity. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 2013; 60:1234-9. [PMID: 23036966 DOI: 10.1248/cpb.c12-00305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
In our recent publication on bioactive guided isolation of compounds from Physalis longifolia (Solanaceae) novel anti-proliferative agents withalongolides A (4) and B (5), and their highly cytotoxic analogues, withalongolide A 4,19,27-triacetate (4a) and withalongolide B 4,19-diacetate (5a) were elucidated. In this study, the two lead compounds (4, 5) were re-isolated in gram quantities for the purpose of further analogue preparation and in vivo testing that would continue to probe structure-activity relationships. During this process, two additional withanolides, named withalongolides O (1) and P (2), were elucidated. Their structures were determined by spectroscopic techniques with 1 being subsequently confirmed by X-ray crystallographic analysis. Utilizing a MTS [3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-5-(3-carboxymethoxyphenyl)-2-(4-sulfophenyl)-2H-tetrazolium] viability assay, withalongolide O (1) and its 4,7-diaceatate (1a), both containing the functionalities of Δ(2)-1-oxo- in A ring, a 5β,6β-epoxy in B ring, and a lactone ring in the nine-carbon side chain, exhibited potent cytotoxicity against human head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (JMAR and MDA-1986), melanoma (B16F10 and SKMEL-28), and normal fetal lung fibroblast (MRC-5) cells with IC(50) values in the range between 0.15 and 2.95 µM. In addition, the previously reported α orientation of 7-acetate group in acnistins C and D should be revised to the β orientation on the basis of NMR data comparison.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huaping Zhang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA
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Screening of promising chemotherapeutic candidates from plants against human adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma (II): apoptosis of antiproliferactive principle (24,25-dihydrowithanolide D) against ATL cell lines and structure–activity relationships with withanolides isolated from solanaceous plants. J Nat Med 2012; 67:415-20. [DOI: 10.1007/s11418-012-0700-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2012] [Accepted: 07/10/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Zhang H, Samadi AK, Cohen MS, Timmermann BN. Anti-proliferative withanolides from the Solanaceae: a structure-activity study. PURE APPL CHEM 2012; 84:1353-1367. [PMID: 24098060 PMCID: PMC3789375 DOI: 10.1351/pac-con-11-10-08] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
As part of our search for bioactive compounds from plant biodiversity, 29 withanolides (1, 3-6, 9, 12-18, and 20-35) were recently isolated from three members of the Solanaceae: Physalis longifolia, Vassobia breviflora, and Withania somnifera. Six derivatives (2, 7, 8, 10, 11, and 19) were prepared from these naturally occurring withanolides. All compounds (1-35) were evaluated for in vitro anti-proliferative activity against an array of cell lines [melanoma cell lines (B16F10, SKMEL28); human head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCC) cell lines (JMAR, MDA1986, DR081-1); breast cancer cell line (Hs578T), and non-malignant human cell line (MRC5)]. This led to the discovery of 15 withanolides, with IC50 values in the range of 0.067-17.4 µM, including withaferin A 1, withaferin A 4,27-diacetate 2, 27-O-glucopyranosylwithaferin A 3, withalongolide H 4, withalongolide C 5, withalongolide A 6, withalongolide A 4,27-diacetate 7, withalongolide A 4,19,27-triacetate 8, withalongolide B 9, withalongolide B 4-acetate 10, withalongolide B 4,19-diacetate 11, withalongolide D 16, withalongolide E 17, withalongolide G 21, and 2,3-dihydrowithaferin A 3-O-sulfate 22). In order to update the growing literature on withanolides and their activities, we summarized the distribution, structural types and anti-proliferative activities for all published withanolides to date. The structure-activity relationship analysis (SARA) confirmed the importance of the presence of a Δ2-1-oxo- functionality in ring A, a 5β,6β-epoxy or 5α-chloro-6β-hydroxy groupings in ring B, and nine carbon side chain with a lactone moiety for cytotoxic activity. Conversely, the SARA indicated that the -OH or -OR groups at C-4, 7, 11, 12, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 23, 24, 27, 28 were not contributors to the observed anti-proliferative activity within the systems analyzed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huaping Zhang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045, United States
| | - Abbas K. Samadi
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, United States
| | - Mark S. Cohen
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, United States
| | - Barbara N. Timmermann
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045, United States
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