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Lysenko EA, Kozuleva MA, Klaus AA, Pshybytko NL, Kusnetsov VV. Lower air humidity reduced both the plant growth and activities of photosystems I and II under prolonged heat stress. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2023; 194:246-262. [PMID: 36436415 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2022.11.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Revised: 11/05/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The warming is global problem. In natural environments, heat stress is usually accompanied by drought. Under drought conditions, water content decreases in both soil and air; yet,the effect of lower air humidity remains obscure. We supplied maize and barley plants with an unlimited source of water for the root uptake and studied the effect of relative air humidity under heat stress. Young plants were subjected for 48 h to several degrees of heat stress: moderate (37 °C), genuine (42 °C), and nearly lethal (46 °C). The conditions of lower air humidity decreased the photochemical activities of photosystem I and photosystem II. The small effect was revealed in the control (24 °C). Elevating temperature to 37 °C and 42 °C increased the relative activities of both photosystems; the photosystem II was activated more. Probably, this is why the effect of air humidity disappeared at 37 °C; the small inhibiting effect was observed at 42 °C. At 46 °C, lower air humidity substantially magnified the inhibitory effect of heat. As a result, the maximal and relative activities of both photosystems decreased in maize and barley; the photosystem II was inhibited more. Under the conditions of 46 °C at lower air humidity, the plant growth was greatly reduced. Maize plants increased water uptake by roots and survived; barley plants were unable to increase water uptake and died. Therefore, air humidity is an important component of environmental heat stress influencing activities of photosystem I and photosystem II and thereby plant growth and viability under severe stress conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eugene A Lysenko
- Institute of Plant Physiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, ul. Botanicheskaya 35, 127276, Moscow, Russia.
| | - Marina A Kozuleva
- Institute of Plant Physiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, ul. Botanicheskaya 35, 127276, Moscow, Russia; Institute of Basic Biological Problems, Russian Academy of Sciences, ul. Institutskaya 2, 142290, Pushchino, Moscow oblast, Russia.
| | - Alexander A Klaus
- Institute of Plant Physiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, ul. Botanicheskaya 35, 127276, Moscow, Russia.
| | - Natallia L Pshybytko
- Biological Faculty, Belarusian State University, 4 Independence Avenue, 220030, Minsk, Belarus.
| | - Victor V Kusnetsov
- Institute of Plant Physiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, ul. Botanicheskaya 35, 127276, Moscow, Russia.
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2
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Si J, Fan YY, Liu ZL, Wei W, Xiao XM, Yang YY, Shan W, Kuang JF, Lu WJ, Fan ZQ, Li LL, Chen JY. Comparative transcriptomic analysis reveals the potential mechanism of hot water treatment alleviated-chilling injury in banana fruit. Food Res Int 2022; 157:111296. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2022.111296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Revised: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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3
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Kono M, Matsuzawa S, Noguchi T, Miyata K, Oguchi R, Terashima I. A new method for separate evaluation of PSII with inactive oxygen evolving complex and active D1 by the pulse-amplitude modulated chlorophyll fluorometry. FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY : FPB 2022; 49:542-553. [PMID: 34511179 DOI: 10.1071/fp21073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2021] [Accepted: 08/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
A method that separately quantifies the PSII with inactive oxygen-evolving complex (OEC) and active D1 retaining the primary quinone acceptor (QA )-reducing activity from the PSII with damaged D1 in the leaf was developed using PAM fluorometry. It is necessary to fully reduce QA to obtain F m , the maximum fluorescence. However, QA in PSII with inactive OEC and active D1 would not be fully reduced by a saturating flash. We used the acceptor-side inhibitor DCMU to fully reduce QA . Leaves of cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) were chilled at 4°C in dark or illuminated with UV-A to selectively inactivate OEC. After these treatments, F v /F m , the maximum quantum yield, in the leaves vacuum-infiltrated with DCMU were greater than those in water-infiltrated leaves. In contrast, when the leaves were illuminated by red light to photodamage D1, F v /F m did not differ between DCMU- and water-infiltrated leaves. These results indicate relevance of the present evaluation of the fraction of PSII with inactive OEC and active D1. Several examinations in the laboratory and glasshouse showed that PSII with inactive OEC and active D1 was only rarely observed. The present simple method would serve as a useful tool to clarify the details of the PSII photoinhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaru Kono
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan; and Corresponding author
| | - Sae Matsuzawa
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Takaya Noguchi
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Kazunori Miyata
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Riichi Oguchi
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Ichiro Terashima
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
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4
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Orekhova A, Barták M, Casanova-Katny A, Hájek J. Resistance of Antarctic moss Sanionia uncinata to photoinhibition: chlorophyll fluorescence analysis of samples from the western and eastern coasts of the Antarctic Peninsula. PLANT BIOLOGY (STUTTGART, GERMANY) 2021; 23:653-663. [PMID: 33866664 DOI: 10.1111/plb.13270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2020] [Accepted: 04/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Interspecific differences in sensitivity of the Antarctic moss Sanionia uncinata from King George Island (KGI) and James Ross Island (JRI) to photoinhibitory treatment were studied in laboratory conditions using chlorophyll fluorescence techniques. Slow (Kautsky) and fast (OJIP) kinetics were used for the measurements. Samples were exposed to a short-term (60 min) photoinhibitory treatment (PIT, 2000 μmol·m-2 ·s-1 PAR). The photoinhibitory treatment (PIT) led to photoinhibition which was indicated by the decrease in FV /FM and ΦPSII in KGI but not in JRI samples. However, this decrease was small and full recovery was reached 90 min after PIT termination. Non-photochemical quenching (NPQ) was activated during the PIT, and rapidly relaxed during recovery. Early stages of photoinhibition showed a drop in FV /FM and ΦPSII to minimum values within the first 10 s of the PIT, with their subsequent increase apparent within fast (0-5 min PIT) and slow (5-50 min PIT) phases of adjustment. The PIT caused a decrease in the performance index (Pi_Abs), photosynthetic electron transport per reaction centre (RC) (ET0 /RC). The PIT induced an increase in thermal dissipation per RC (DI0 /RC), effectivity of thermal dissipation (Phi_D0 ), absorption per RC (ABS/RC) and trapping rate per RC (TR0 /RC). In conclusion, PIT led to only slight photoinhibition followed by fast recovery in S. uncinata from KGI and JRI, since FV /FM and ΦPSII returned to pre-photoinhibitory conditions. Therefore, S. uncinata might be considered resistant to photoinhibition even in the wet state. The KGI samples showed higher resistance to photoinhibition than the JRI samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Orekhova
- Department of Experimental Biology, Division of Plant Physiology and Anatomy, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - M Barták
- Department of Experimental Biology, Division of Plant Physiology and Anatomy, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - A Casanova-Katny
- Laboratory of Plant Ecophysiology, Faculty of Natural Resources, Catholic University Temuco, Campus Luis Rivas del Canto, Temuco, Chile
| | - J Hájek
- Department of Experimental Biology, Division of Plant Physiology and Anatomy, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
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5
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High Temperature Alters Secondary Metabolites and Photosynthetic Efficiency in Heracleum sosnowskyi. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22094756. [PMID: 33946208 PMCID: PMC8124411 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22094756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Revised: 04/25/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Due to global warming, invasive species have spread across the world. We therefore studied the impact of short-term (1 day or 2 days) and longer (7 days) heat stress on photosynthesis and secondary metabolites in Heracleum sosnowskyi, one of the important invasive species in the European Union. H. sosnowskyi leaves exposed to short-term heat stress (35 °C/1 d) showed a decrease in chlorophyll and maximum potential quantum efficiency of photosystem II (Fv/Fm) compared to control, 35 °C/2 d, or 30 °C/7 d treatments. In turn, the high level of lipid peroxidation and increased H2O2 accumulation indicated that the 30 °C/7 d stress induced oxidative damage. The contents of xanthotoxin and bergapten were elevated in the 2 d and 7 d treatments, while isopimpinellin was detected only in the heat-stressed plants. Additionally, the levels of free proline and anthocyanins significantly increased in response to high temperature, with a substantially higher increase in the 7 d (30 °C) treatment. The results indicate that the accumulation of proline, anthocyanins, and furanocoumarins, but not of phenolic acids or flavonols, contributes to protection of H. sosnowskyi plants against heat stress. Further studies could focus on the suppression of these metabolites to suppress the spread of this invasive species.
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Meagher E, Rangsrikitphoti P, Faridi B, Zamzam G, Durnford DG. Photoacclimation to high-light stress in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii during conditional senescence relies on generating pH-dependent, high-quenching centres. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2021; 158:136-145. [PMID: 33307425 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2020.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2019] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Microalgae can respond to long-term increases in light intensity by altering the concentration of photosynthetic complexes. Under active growth, the ability of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii to acclimate to excess light is dependent on cell division to reduce the concentration of photosynthetic complexes. But, in batch culture, cells eventually reach stationary phase where their ability to divide is limited; this should impact their capacity to undergo photoacclimation. Our goal is to dissect excess-light responses as cells approach stationary phase and to determine how the strategies of photoacclimation differ compared to cells in the exponential-growth phase. In this study, cultures exited exponential growth and transitioned into a declining growth phase (DGP), where cells continued a slow rate of growth for the next seven days in both low (LL) and high-light (HL). During this period, both cultures experience a conditional senescence-related decline in chlorophyll levels. Under HL, however, the senescing cultures have a rapid decline in PSII reaction centres, maintain a stable concentration of LHCII antenna, rapidly increase LHCSR levels, and have a sustained increase in Fo/Fm. Collectively this implies that the remaining antenna act as pH-dependent, quenching centres, presumably to protect the senescing chloroplast against HL. We discovered that acclimating to HL post-exponential phase involves active degradation that is intertwined with the normal senescence process that allowed for a limited rate of cell division.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Meagher
- Department of Biology, University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, New Brunswick, E3B 5A3, Canada
| | | | - Babar Faridi
- Department of Biology, University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, New Brunswick, E3B 5A3, Canada
| | - Ghaith Zamzam
- Department of Biology, University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, New Brunswick, E3B 5A3, Canada
| | - Dion G Durnford
- Department of Biology, University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, New Brunswick, E3B 5A3, Canada.
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7
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Guerrero-Meseguer L, Marín A, Sanz-Lázaro C. Heat wave intensity can vary the cumulative effects of multiple environmental stressors on Posidonia oceanica seedlings. MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2020; 159:105001. [PMID: 32662435 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2020.105001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2019] [Revised: 04/20/2020] [Accepted: 04/25/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Climate change is introducing new stressors into already stressed ecosystems. Among these, extreme events such as heat waves play a crucial role in determining the structure of ecosystems. We tested single and combined effects of overgrazing, burial and heat waves on the seedlings of the habitat-forming species Posidonia oceanica. At current heat wave temperatures, overgrazing in isolation had more deleterious effects than seed burial, and effects were synergistic and additive when both factors co-occurred. The combined effect of overgrazing and seed burial with current heat waves could hamper P. oceanica seedling development, with similar or even higher levels than the sole effect of heat waves in the near future (29 °C). The effects of overgrazing and seed burial are expected to be overridden if heat waves temperatures exceed 29 °C. These results suggest that co-occurring environmental stressors, in combination with current heat waves, could compromise the sexual recruitment of this seagrass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Guerrero-Meseguer
- Departamento de Ecología e Hidrología, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Murcia. Campus de Espinardo, 30100, Murcia, Spain; Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR), Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Campo Alegre s/n, 4150-181, Porto, Portugal.
| | - Arnaldo Marín
- Departamento de Ecología e Hidrología, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Murcia. Campus de Espinardo, 30100, Murcia, Spain
| | - Carlos Sanz-Lázaro
- Departamento de Ecología, Universidad de Alicante, P.O. Box 99, E-03080, Alicante, Spain; Multidisciplinary Institute for Environmental Studies (MIES), Universidad de Alicante, P.O. Box 99, E-03080, Alicante, Spain.
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8
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Yadav SK, Khatri K, Rathore MS, Jha B. Introgression of UfCyt c 6, a thylakoid lumen protein from a green seaweed Ulva fasciata Delile enhanced photosynthesis and growth in tobacco. Mol Biol Rep 2018; 45:1745-1758. [PMID: 30159639 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-018-4318-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2018] [Accepted: 08/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Cytochromes are important components of photosynthetic electron transport chain. Here we report on genetic transformation of Cytochrome c6 (UfCyt c6) gene from Ulva fasciata Delile in tobacco for enhanced photosynthesis and growth. UfCyt c6 cDNA had an open reading frame of 330 bp encoding a polypeptide of 109 amino acids with a predicted molecular mass of 11.65 kDa and an isoelectric point of 5.21. UfCyt c6 gene along with a tobacco petE transit peptide sequence under control of CaMV35S promoter was transformed in tobacco through Agrobacterium mediated genetic transformation. Transgenic tobacco grew normal and exhibited enhanced growth as compared to wild type (WT) and vector control (VC) tobacco. Transgenic tobacco had higher contents of photosynthetic pigments and better ratios of photosynthetic pigments. The tobacco expressing UfCyt c6 gene exhibited higher photosynthetic rate and improved water use efficiency. Further activity of the water-splitting complex, photosystem II quantum yield, photochemical quenching, electron transfer rate, and photosynthetic yield were found comparatively higher in transgenic tobacco as compared to WT and VC tobacco. Alternatively basal quantum yield of non-photochemical processes in PSII and non-photochemical quenching were estimated lower in tobacco expressing UfCyt c6 gene. As a result of improved photosynthetic performance the transgenic tobacco had higher contents of sugar and starch, and exhibited comparatively better growth. To the best of our knowledge this is the first report on expression of UfCyt c6 gene from U. fasciata for improved photosynthesis and growth in tobacco.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sweta K Yadav
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, CSIR, New Delhi, India
| | - Kusum Khatri
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, CSIR, New Delhi, India
| | - Mangal S Rathore
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, CSIR, New Delhi, India.
- Division of Biotechnology and Phycology, CSIR-Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute (CSIR-CSMCRI), Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), G.B. Marg, Bhavnagar, Gujarat, 364002, India.
| | - Bhavanath Jha
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, CSIR, New Delhi, India.
- Division of Biotechnology and Phycology, CSIR-Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute (CSIR-CSMCRI), Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), G.B. Marg, Bhavnagar, Gujarat, 364002, India.
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9
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Li Y, He N, Hou J, Xu L, Liu C, Zhang J, Wang Q, Zhang X, Wu X. Factors Influencing Leaf Chlorophyll Content in Natural Forests at the Biome Scale. Front Ecol Evol 2018. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2018.00064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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10
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Guerrero-Meseguer L, Marín A, Sanz-Lázaro C. Future heat waves due to climate change threaten the survival of Posidonia oceanica seedlings. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2017; 230:40-45. [PMID: 28644983 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2017.06.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2017] [Revised: 06/09/2017] [Accepted: 06/13/2017] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Extreme weather events are major drivers of ecological change, and their occurrence is likely to increase due to climate change. The transient increases in atmospheric temperatures are leading to a greater occurrence of heat waves, extreme events that can produce a substantial warming of water, especially in enclosed basins such as the Mediterranean Sea. Here, we tested the effects of current and predicted heat waves on the early stages of development of the seagrass Posidonia oceanica. Temperatures above 27 °C limited the growth of the plant by inhibiting its photosynthetic system. It suffered a reduction in leaf growth and faster leaf senescence, and in some cases mortality. This study demonstrates that the greater frequency of heat waves, along with anticipated temperature rises in coming decades, are expected to negatively affect the germination of P. oceanica seedlings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Guerrero-Meseguer
- Departamento de Ecología e Hidrología, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Murcia, Campus de Espinardo, 30100 Murcia, Spain.
| | - Arnaldo Marín
- Departamento de Ecología e Hidrología, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Murcia, Campus de Espinardo, 30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - Carlos Sanz-Lázaro
- Departamento de Ciencias del Mar y Biología Aplicada, Pabellón 13, Universidad de Alicante, P.O. Box 99, E-03080 Alicante, Spain
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11
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Marutani Y, Yamauchi Y, Higashiyama M, Miyoshi A, Akimoto S, Inoue K, Ikeda KI, Mizutani M, Sugimoto Y. Essential role of the PSI-LHCII supercomplex in photosystem acclimation to light and/or heat conditions by state transitions. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2017; 131:41-50. [PMID: 27432175 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-016-0295-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2016] [Accepted: 07/11/2016] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Light and temperature affect state transitions through changes in the plastoquinone (PQ) redox state in photosynthetic organisms. We demonstrated that light and/or heat treatment induced preferential photosystem (PS) I excitation by binding light-harvesting complex II (LHCII) proteins. The photosystem of wheat was in state 1 after dark overnight treatment, wherein PQ was oxidized and most of LHCII was not bound to PSI. At the onset of the light treatment [25 °C in the light (100 µmol photons m-2 s-1)], two major LHCIIs, Lhcb1 and Lhcb2 were phosphorylated, and the PSI-LHCII supercomplex formed within 5 min, which coincided with an increase in the PQ oxidation rate. Heat treatment at 40 °C of light-adapted wheat led to further LHCII protein phosphorylation of, resultant cyclic electron flow promotion, which was accompanied by ultrafast excitation of PSI and structural changes of thylakoid membranes, thereby protecting PSII from heat damage. These results suggest that LHCIIs are required for the functionality of wheat plant PSI, as it keeps PQ oxidized by regulating photochemical electron flow, thereby helping acclimation to environmental changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoko Marutani
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, Nada-ku, Kobe, 657-8501, Japan
- Technology Innovation Center, Sumika Chemical Analysis Service, Ltd., 3-1-135, Kasugade-naka, Konohana-ku, Osaka, 554-0022, Japan
| | - Yasuo Yamauchi
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, Nada-ku, Kobe, 657-8501, Japan.
| | - Mari Higashiyama
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, Nada-ku, Kobe, 657-8501, Japan
| | - Akihito Miyoshi
- Faculty of Agriculture, Kobe University, Nada-ku, Kobe, 657-8501, Japan
| | - Seiji Akimoto
- Molecular Photoscience Research Center, Kobe University, Nada-ku, Kobe, 657-8501, Japan
| | - Kanako Inoue
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, Nada-ku, Kobe, 657-8501, Japan
- Research Center for Ultra-High Voltage Electron Microscopy, Osaka University, Ibaraki, Osaka, 567-0047, Japan
| | - Ken-Ichi Ikeda
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, Nada-ku, Kobe, 657-8501, Japan
| | - Masaharu Mizutani
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, Nada-ku, Kobe, 657-8501, Japan
| | - Yukihiro Sugimoto
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, Nada-ku, Kobe, 657-8501, Japan
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12
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Oukarroum A, El Madidi S, Strasser RJ. Differential heat sensitivity index in barley cultivars (Hordeum vulgare L.) monitored by chlorophyll a fluorescence OKJIP. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2016; 105:102-108. [PMID: 27093113 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2016.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2016] [Revised: 04/07/2016] [Accepted: 04/08/2016] [Indexed: 05/01/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to differentiate the heat tolerance in ten varieties of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) originating from Morocco. Five modern varieties and five landraces (local varieties) collected at five different geographical localities in the south of Morocco were investigated in the present study. After two weeks of growth, detached leaves were short term exposure to various temperatures (25, 30, 35, 40, and 45 °C) for 10 min in the dark. Two chlorophyll a fluorescence parameters derived from chlorophyll a fluorescence transient (OKJIP) (performance index (PIABS) and relative variable fluorescence at the K-step (VK)) were analysed. Heat treatment had a significant effect on the PIABS and VK at 45 °C treatment and the analysis of variance for PIABS and VK is highly significant between all varieties. The slope of the relationship between logPIABS and VK named heat sensitivity index (HSI) was used to evaluate the thermotolerance of photosystem II (PSII) between the studied barley varieties. According to this approach, barley varieties were screened and ranked for improving heat tolerance. HSI was found to be a new indicator with regard to distinguishing heat tolerance of different barley cultivars.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdallah Oukarroum
- University of Geneva, Bioenergetics and Microbiology Laboratory, CH-1254, Jussy-Geneva, Switzerland.
| | - Saïd El Madidi
- University Ibn Zohr, Faculty of Sciences, Department of Biology, BP/S-80 000, Agadir, Morocco
| | - Reto J Strasser
- University of Geneva, Bioenergetics and Microbiology Laboratory, CH-1254, Jussy-Geneva, Switzerland
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13
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Marín-Guirao L, Ruiz JM, Dattolo E, Garcia-Munoz R, Procaccini G. Physiological and molecular evidence of differential short-term heat tolerance in Mediterranean seagrasses. Sci Rep 2016; 6:28615. [PMID: 27345831 PMCID: PMC4921816 DOI: 10.1038/srep28615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2016] [Accepted: 06/06/2016] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The increase in extreme heat events associated to global warming threatens seagrass ecosystems, likely by affecting key plant physiological processes such as photosynthesis and respiration. Understanding species' ability to acclimate to warming is crucial to better predict their future trends. Here, we study tolerance to warming in two key Mediterranean seagrasses, Posidonia oceanica and Cymodocea nodosa. Stress responses of shallow and deep plants were followed during and after short-term heat exposure in mesocosms by coupling photo-physiological measures with analysis of expression of photosynthesis and stress-related genes. Contrasting tolerance and capacity to heat acclimation were shown by shallow and deep P. oceanica ecotypes. While shallow plants acclimated through respiratory homeostasis and activation of photo-protective mechanisms, deep ones experienced photosynthetic injury and impaired carbon balance. This suggests that P. oceanica ecotypes are thermally adapted to local conditions and that Mediterranean warming will likely diversely affect deep and shallow meadow stands. On the other hand, contrasting mechanisms of heat-acclimation were adopted by the two species. P. oceanica regulates photosynthesis and respiration at the level of control plants while C. nodosa balances both processes at enhanced rates. These acclimation discrepancies are discussed in relation to inherent attributes of the two species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lazaro Marín-Guirao
- Integrative Marine Ecology, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Villa Comunale, 80121 Napoli, Italy
| | - Juan M. Ruiz
- Seagrass Ecology Group, Oceanographic Center of Murcia, Spanish Institute of Oceanography C/Varadero, 30740 San Pedro del Pinatar, Murcia, Spain
| | - Emanuela Dattolo
- Integrative Marine Ecology, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Villa Comunale, 80121 Napoli, Italy
| | - Rocio Garcia-Munoz
- Seagrass Ecology Group, Oceanographic Center of Murcia, Spanish Institute of Oceanography C/Varadero, 30740 San Pedro del Pinatar, Murcia, Spain
| | - Gabriele Procaccini
- Integrative Marine Ecology, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Villa Comunale, 80121 Napoli, Italy
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Li Q, Yao ZJ, Mi H. Alleviation of Photoinhibition by Co-ordination of Chlororespiration and Cyclic Electron Flow Mediated by NDH under Heat Stressed Condition in Tobacco. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2016; 7:285. [PMID: 27066014 PMCID: PMC4811903 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2016.00285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2015] [Accepted: 02/22/2016] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
With increase of temperature, F o gradually rose in both WT and the mutant inactivated in the type 1 NAD(P)H dehydrogenase (NDH), a double mutant disrupted the genes of ndhJ and ndhK (ΔndhJK) or a triple mutant disrupted the genes of ndhC, ndhJ, and ndhK (ΔndhCJK). The temperature threshold of Fo rise was about 3-5°C lower in the mutants than in WT, indicating ΔndhJK and ΔndhCJK were more sensitive to elevated temperature. The F o rise after the threshold was slower and the reached maximal level was lower in the mutants than in WT, implying the chlororespiratory pathway was suppressed when NDH was inactivated. Meanwhile, the maximum quantum efficiency of photosystem II (PS II) (F v /F m) decreased to a similar extent below 50°C in WT and mutants. However, the decline was sharper in WT when temperature rose above 55°C, indicating a down regulation of PS II photochemical activity by the chlororespiratory pathway in response to elevated temperature. On the other hand, in the presence of n-propyl gallate, an inhibitor of plastid terminal oxidase (PTOX), the less evident increase in F o while the more decrease in F v /F m in ΔndhCJK than in WT after incubation at 50°C for 6 h suggest the increased sensitivity to heat stress when both NDH and chlororespiratory pathways are suppressed. Moreover, the net photosynthetic rate and photo-efficiency decreased more significantly in ΔndhJK than in WT under the heat stressed conditions. Compared to the light-oxidation of P700, the difference in the dark-reduction of P700(+) between WT and ndhJK disruptant was much less under the heat stressed conditions, implying significantly enhanced cyclic electron flow in light and the competition for electron from PQ between PTOX and photosystem I in the dark at the elevated temperature. Heat-stimulated expression of both NdhK and PTOX significantly increased in WT, while the expression of PTOX was less in ΔndhJK than in WT. Meanwhile, the amount of active form of Rubisco activase decreased much more in the mutant. The results suggest that chlororespiration and cyclic electron flow mediated by NDH may coordinate to alleviate the over-reduction of stroma, thus to keep operation of CO2 assimilation at certain extent under heat stress condition.
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Chaves CJN, Leal BSS, Lemos-Filho JPD. Temperature modulation of thermal tolerance of a CAM-tank bromeliad and the relationship with acid accumulation in different leaf regions. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2015; 154:500-510. [PMID: 25271368 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.12295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2014] [Revised: 08/01/2014] [Accepted: 08/21/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Physiological changes that increase plant performance during exposure to high temperatures may play an inverse role during exposure to low temperatures. The objective of this study was to test variations in photosystem II response to heat and cold stress in the leaves of a bromeliad with crassulacean acid metabolism submitted to high or low temperatures. Leaves were maintained under constant temperatures of 10 and 35°C and used to examine possible relationships among physiological responses to high and low temperatures and organic acid accumulation. We also tested if distinct parts of bromeliad leaves show differences in photosynthetic thermotolerance. The samples from leaves maintained at 35°C showed greater heat tolerance values, while those from leaves maintained at 10°C showed lower cold tolerance values. Our results identified a strong negative relationship between the organic acid accumulation and thermal tolerance of bromeliad leaves that largely explained the differences in thermal tolerance among groups. One of these differences occurred among regions of a single leaf, with the base showing critical heat values of up to 8°C higher than the top region, suggesting a possible partitioning of leaf response among its regions. Differences in thermal tolerance were also observed between sampling times, with higher values observed in the morning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cleber Juliano Neves Chaves
- Departamento de Botânica, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, CEP 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Bárbara Simões Santos Leal
- Departamento de Botânica, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, CEP 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - José Pires de Lemos-Filho
- Departamento de Botânica, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, CEP 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
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Ajigboye OO, Murchie E, Ray RV. Foliar application of isopyrazam and epoxiconazole improves photosystem II efficiency, biomass and yield in winter wheat. PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2014; 114:52-60. [PMID: 25175650 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2014.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2014] [Revised: 07/08/2014] [Accepted: 07/08/2014] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
A range of fungicides including epoxiconazole, azoxystrobin and isopyrazam, were applied to winter wheat at GS 31/32 to determine their effect on photosystem II (PSII) efficiency, biomass and yield. Frequent, repeated measurements of chlorophyll fluorescence were carried on plants grown under different water regimes in controlled environment and in the field to establish the transiency of fluorescence changes in relation to fungicide application. Application of the succinate dehydrogenase inhibitor isopyrazam in a mixture with the triazole epoxiconazole increased PSII efficiency associated with a 28% increase in biomass in the controlled environment and 4% increase in grain yield in the field in the absence of disease pressure. Application of isopyrazam and epoxiconazole increased efficiency of PSII photochemistry (Fv'/Fm') as early as 4h following application associated with improved photosynthetic gas exchange and increased rates of electron transport. We reveal a strong, positive relationship between Fv'/Fm' and CO2 assimilation rate, stomatal conductance and transpiration rate in controlled environment and Fv'/Fm' detected just after anthesis on the flag leaf at GS 73 and grain yield in field. We conclude that application of a specific combination of fungicides with positive effects of plant physiology in the absence of disease pressure results in enhanced biomass and yield in winter wheat. Additionally, an accurate and frequent assessment of photosynthetic efficiency of winter wheat plants can be used to predict yield and biomass in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olubukola O Ajigboye
- Plant and Crop Sciences Division, School of Biosciences, The University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Loughborough, Leicestershire LE12 5RD, UK
| | - Erik Murchie
- Plant and Crop Sciences Division, School of Biosciences, The University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Loughborough, Leicestershire LE12 5RD, UK
| | - Rumiana V Ray
- Plant and Crop Sciences Division, School of Biosciences, The University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Loughborough, Leicestershire LE12 5RD, UK.
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Mathur S, Agrawal D, Jajoo A. Photosynthesis: Response to high temperature stress. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2014; 137:116-26. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2014.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 352] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2013] [Revised: 01/10/2014] [Accepted: 01/10/2014] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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Martinazzo EG, Ramm A, Bacarin MA. The chlorophyll a fluorescence as an indicator of the temperature stress in the leaves of Prunus persica. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.1590/s1677-04202013005000001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Gawronska K, Romanowska E, Miszalski Z, Niewiadomska E. Limitation of C3-CAM shift in the common ice plant under high irradiance. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2013; 170:129-135. [PMID: 23253482 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2012.09.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2012] [Revised: 09/07/2012] [Accepted: 09/10/2012] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
In the halophytic plant Mesembryanthemum crystallinum salinity or drought can change the mode of photosynthesis from C(3) to crassulacean acid metabolism (CAM). These two stress factors are linked to oxidative stress, however, the induction of CAM by oxidative stress per se is not straightforward. Treatment with high light (HL) did not lead to the induction of CAM, as documented by a low night/day difference in malate level and a low expression of the CAM-related form of phosphoenolcarboxylase (Ppc1), despite causing some oxidative damage (elevated MDA level, malondialdehyde). In contrast to the action of high salinity (0.4M NaCl), HL treatment did not activate neither the cytosolic NADP-malic enzyme nor the chloroplastic form of NADP-dependent malate dehydrogenase (NADP-MDH). In plastids of HL-treated plants a huge amount of starch was accumulated. This was associated with a weak stimulation of hydrolytic and phosphorolytic starch-degrading enzymes, in contrast to their strong up-regulation under high salinity. It is concluded that HL alone is not able to activate starch degradation necessary for CAM performance. Moreover, in the absence of salinity in C(3)M. crystallinum plants an age-dependent increase in energy dissipation from PSII was documented under high irradiance, as illustrated by non-photochemical quenching (NPQ). Obtained data suggest that in this halophytic species several photoprotective strategies are strictly salinity-dependent.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Gawronska
- Institute of Biology, Pedagogical University, Podchorążych 2, 30-084 Krakow, Poland
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Zhang JL, Poorter L, Hao GY, Cao KF. Photosynthetic thermotolerance of woody savanna species in China is correlated with leaf life span. ANNALS OF BOTANY 2012; 110:1027-33. [PMID: 22875810 PMCID: PMC3448426 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcs172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2012] [Accepted: 06/11/2012] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Photosynthetic thermotolerance (PT) is important for plant survival in tropical and sub-tropical savannas. However, little is known about thermotolerance of tropical and sub-tropical wild plants and its association with leaf phenology and persistence. Longer-lived leaves of savanna plants may experience a higher risk of heat stress. Foliar Ca is related to cell integrity of leaves under stresses. In this study it is hypothesized that (1) species with leaf flushing in the hot-dry season have greater PT than those with leaf flushing in the rainy season; and (2) PT correlates positively with leaf life span, leaf mass per unit area (LMA) and foliar Ca concentration ([Ca]) across woody savanna species. METHODS The temperature-dependent increase in minimum fluorescence was measured to assess PT, together with leaf dynamics, LMA and [Ca] for a total of 24 woody species differing in leaf flushing time in a valley-type savanna in south-west China. KEY RESULTS The PT of the woody savanna species with leaf flushing in the hot-dry season was greater than that of those with leaf flushing in the rainy season. Thermotolerance was positively associated with leaf life span and [Ca] for all species irrespective of the time of flushing. The associations of PT with leaf life span and [Ca] were evolutionarily correlated. Thermotolerance was, however, independent of LMA. CONCLUSIONS Chinese savanna woody species are adapted to hot-dry habitats. However, the current maximum leaf temperature during extreme heat stress (44·3 °C) is close to the critical temperature of photosystem II (45·2 °C); future global warming may increase the risk of heat damage to the photosynthetic apparatus of Chinese savanna species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiao-Lin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Mengla, Yunnan 666303, China
| | - L. Poorter
- Forest Ecology and Forest Management Group, Wageningen University, PO Box 47, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Guang-You Hao
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Mengla, Yunnan 666303, China
| | - Kun-Fang Cao
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Mengla, Yunnan 666303, China
- Yuanjiang Dry-Hot-Valley Ecological Station, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yuanjiang, Yunnan 653300, China
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Yamori W, Sakata N, Suzuki Y, Shikanai T, Makino A. Cyclic electron flow around photosystem I via chloroplast NAD(P)H dehydrogenase (NDH) complex performs a significant physiological role during photosynthesis and plant growth at low temperature in rice. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2011; 68:966-76. [PMID: 21848656 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-313x.2011.04747.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 149] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
The role of NAD(P)H dehydrogenase (NDH)-dependent cyclic electron flow around photosystem I in photosynthetic regulation and plant growth at several temperatures was examined in rice (Oryza sativa) that is defective in CHLORORESPIRATORY REDUCTION 6 (CRR6), which is required for accumulation of sub-complex A of the chloroplast NDH complex (crr6). NdhK was not detected by Western blot analysis in crr6 mutants, resulting in lack of a transient post-illumination increase in chlorophyll fluorescence, and confirming that crr6 mutants lack NDH activity. When plants were grown at 28 or 35°C, all examined photosynthetic parameters, including the CO(2) assimilation rate and the electron transport rate around photosystems I and II, at each growth temperature at light intensities above growth light (i.e. 800 μmol photons m(-2) sec(-1)), were similar between crr6 mutants and control plants. However, when plants were grown at 20°C, all the examined photosynthetic parameters were significantly lower in crr6 mutants than control plants, and this effect on photosynthesis caused a corresponding reduction in plant biomass. The F(v)/F(m) ratio was only slightly lower in crr6 mutants than in control plants after short-term strong light treatment at 20°C. However, after long-term acclimation to the low temperature, impairment of cyclic electron flow suppressed non-photochemical quenching and promoted reduction of the plastoquinone pool in crr6 mutants. Taken together, our experiments show that NDH-dependent cyclic electron flow plays a significant physiological role in rice during photosynthesis and plant growth at low temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wataru Yamori
- Department of Applied Plant Science, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Aoba-ku, Sendai 981-8555, Japan.
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Kalaji HM, Bosa K, Kościelniak J, Hossain Z. Chlorophyll a fluorescence--A useful tool for the early detection of temperature stress in spring barley (Hordeum vulgare L.). OMICS-A JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE BIOLOGY 2011; 15:925-34. [PMID: 22106950 DOI: 10.1089/omi.2011.0070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
The photosynthetic activity of two Syrian barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) landraces, Arabi Abiad (A. Abiad) and Arabi Aswad (A. Aswad), grown under low- and high- temperature stresses, were studied by analyzing the measured chlorophyll fluorescence signals. Both the applied stresses influenced photosystem II (PSII) activity. However, the effects depend on the stress type and the duration of its application. Phenomenological parameters were shifted shortly after the application of both stresses, whereas fluorescence ratios and yield values were altered most significantly after 7 days of stress imposition. The earliest changes in PSII activity of both cultivars were observed in the case of high temperature treatment. The maximal quantum efficiency of the photosynthetic apparatus (F(v)/F(M)) did not alter after stress application. Therefore, we could not recommend this parameter for early detection of such stress. In contrast, the results from the present investigation strongly indicate that the most significantly changed chlorophyll a fluorescence parameters could be used as an efficient tool for the early diagnosis of temperature stress in barley.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hazem M Kalaji
- Department of Plant Physiology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences SGGW, Warsaw, Poland.
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Inhibition of photosystems I and II activities in salt stress-exposed Fenugreek (Trigonella foenum graecum). JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2011; 105:14-20. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2011.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2011] [Revised: 06/16/2011] [Accepted: 06/21/2011] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Essemine J, Govindachary S, Ammar S, Bouzid S, Carpentier R. Abolition of photosystem I cyclic electron flow in Arabidopsis thaliana following thermal-stress. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2011; 49:235-43. [PMID: 21256041 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2010.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2010] [Revised: 10/29/2010] [Accepted: 11/02/2010] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Heat tolerance of Arabidopsis thaliana (WT) and its mutants, crr2-2, lacking NADPH-dehydrogenase (Ndh-pathway), and pgr5, deficient in proton gradient regulation and/or ferredoxin-quinone-reductase (FQR-pathway), was studied from 30 to 46°C. Chlorophyll fluorescence revealed that thermal damage to photosystem II (PSII) was maximal in WT plants following short-term exposure of leaves to moderate or high temperature stress. Thermal stress impaired the photosynthetic electron flow at oxidizing and reducing sides of PSII. This was deduced from the transformation of temperature dependent OJIP to OKP patterns, changes in the relative amplitudes of K-step fluorescence rise and F(v)/F(o) ratio. The amplitude of the K-peak that corresponds to the magnitude of damage to the oxygen evolving complex (OEC) in crr2-2 mutants was about 50% of that observed in WT plants exposed to 46°C. The damage to OEC in pgr5 mutants was relatively smaller and thus their PSII complexes were more heat tolerant. P700 oxidation-reduction kinetics following heat-stress revealed that photosystem I (PSI) complexes remained oxidizable either with 10-ms multiple turn-over flashes or far-red illumination but the complementary cyclic electron flow around PSI (CEF) was abolished in both mutants. With further increase in incubation temperature, CEF was fully suppressed even in WT. Thus, P700 turn-over was not enhanced following thermal stress. Furthermore, the experimental data predicts the onset of pseudocyclic electron transport with molecular oxygen as terminal acceptor in crr2-2 and pgr5 mutants but not in wild type Arabidopsis subjected to severe thermal-stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jemâa Essemine
- Groupe de Recherche en Biologie Végétale (GRBV), Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Trois-Rivières, Québec, Canada
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Hüve K, Bichele I, Rasulov B, Niinemets U. When it is too hot for photosynthesis: heat-induced instability of photosynthesis in relation to respiratory burst, cell permeability changes and H₂O₂ formation. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2011; 34:113-26. [PMID: 21029116 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-3040.2010.02229.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Photosynthesis rate (A(n)) becomes unstable above a threshold temperature, and the recovery upon return to low temperature varies because of reasons not fully understood. We investigated responses of A(n), dark respiration and chlorophyll fluorescence to supraoptimal temperatures of varying duration and kinetics in Phaseolus vulgaris asking whether the instability of photosynthesis under severe heat stress is associated with cellular damage. Cellular damage was assessed by Evans blue penetration (enhanced membrane permeability) and by H₂O₂ generation [3,3'-diaminobenzidine 4HCl (DAB)-staining]. Critical temperature for dark fluorescence (F(0) ) rise (T(F)) was at 46-48 °C, and a burst of respiration was observed near T(F). However, A(n) was strongly inhibited already before T(F) was reached. Membrane permeability increased with temperature according to a switch-type response, with enhanced permeability observed above 48 °C. Experiments with varying heat pulse lengths and intensities underscored the threshold-type loss of photosynthetic function, and indicated that the degree of photosynthetic deterioration and cellular damage depended on accumulated heat-dose. Beyond the 'point of no return', propagation of cellular damage and reduction of photosynthesis continued upon transfer to lower temperatures and photosynthetic recovery was slow or absent. We conclude that instability of photosynthesis under severe heat stress is associated with time-dependent propagation of cellular lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katja Hüve
- Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Kreutzwaldi 1, Tartu 51014, Estonia
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Mathur S, Jajoo A, Mehta P, Bharti S. Analysis of elevated temperature-induced inhibition of photosystem II using chlorophyll a fluorescence induction kinetics in wheat leaves (Triticum aestivum). PLANT BIOLOGY (STUTTGART, GERMANY) 2011; 13:1-6. [PMID: 21143718 DOI: 10.1111/j.1438-8677.2009.00319.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Wheat is the major crop plant in many parts of the world. Elevated temperature-induced changes in photosynthetic efficiency were studied in wheat (T. aestivum) leaves by measuring Chl a fluorescence induction kinetics. Detached leaves were subjected to elevated temperature stress of 35 °C, 40 °C or 45 °C. Parameters such as Fv/Fm, performance index (PI), and reaction centre to absorbance ratio (RC/ABS) were deduced using radial plots from fluorescence induction curves obtained with a plant efficiency analyser (PEA). To derive precise information on fluorescence induction kinetics, energy pipeline leaf models were plotted using biolyzer hp3 software. At 35 °C, there was no effect on photosynthetic efficiency, including the oxygen-evolving complex, and the donor side of PSII remained active. At 40 °C, activity was reduced by 14%, while at 45 °C, a K intermediate step was observed, indicating irreversible damage to the oxygen-evolving complex. This analysis can be used to rapidly screen for vitality and stress tolerance characteristics of wheat growing in the field under high temperature stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Mathur
- School of Life Science, Devi Ahilya University, Indore, MP, India
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Gotoh E, Matsumoto M, Ogawa K, Kobayashi Y, Tsuyama M. A qualitative analysis of the regulation of cyclic electron flow around photosystem I from the post-illumination chlorophyll fluorescence transient in Arabidopsis: a new platform for the in vivo investigation of the chloroplast redox state. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2010; 103:111-23. [PMID: 20054711 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-009-9525-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2009] [Accepted: 12/22/2009] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
A transient in chlorophyll fluorescence after cessation of actinic light illumination, which has been ascribed to electron donation from stromal reductants to plastoquinone (PQ) by the NAD(P)H-dehydrogenase (NDH) complex, was investigated in Arabidopsis thaliana. The transient was absent in air in a mutant lacking the NDH complex (ndhM). However, in ndhM, the transient was detected in CO(2)-free air containing 2% O(2). To investigate the reason, ndhM was crossed with a pgr5 mutant impaired in ferredoxin (Fd)-dependent electron donation from NADPH to PQ, which is known to be redundant for NDH-dependent PQ reduction in the cyclic electron flow around photosystem I (PSI). In ndhM pgr5, the transient was absent even in CO(2)-free air with 2% O(2), demonstrating that the post-illumination transient can also be induced by the Fd- (or PGR5)-dependent PQ reduction. On the other hand, the transient increase in chlorophyll fluorescence was found to be enhanced in normal air in a mutant impaired in plastid fructose-1,6-bisphosphate aldolase (FBA) activity. The mutant, termed fba3-1, offers unique opportunities to examine the relative contribution of the two paths, i.e., the NDH- and Fd- (or PGR5)-dependent paths, on the PSI cyclic electron flow. Crossing fba3-1 with either ndhM or pgr5 and assessing the transient suggested that the main route for the PSI cyclic electron flow shifts from the NDH-dependent path to the Fd-dependent path in response to sink limitation of linear electron flow.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eiji Gotoh
- Department of Agriculture, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
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Pshybytko NL, Kruk J, Kabashnikova LF, Strzalka K. Function of plastoquinone in heat stress reactions of plants. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 2008; 1777:1393-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2008.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2008] [Revised: 08/11/2008] [Accepted: 08/12/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Allakhverdiev SI, Kreslavski VD, Klimov VV, Los DA, Carpentier R, Mohanty P. Heat stress: an overview of molecular responses in photosynthesis. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2008; 98:541-50. [PMID: 18649006 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-008-9331-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 436] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2008] [Accepted: 07/07/2008] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
The primary targets of thermal damage in plants are the oxygen evolving complex along with the associated cofactors in photosystem II (PSII), carbon fixation by Rubisco and the ATP generating system. Recent investigations on the combined action of moderate light intensity and heat stress suggest that moderately high temperatures do not cause serious PSII damage but inhibit the repair of PSII. The latter largely involves de novo synthesis of proteins, particularly the D1 protein of the photosynthetic machinery that is damaged due to generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), resulting in the reduction of carbon fixation and oxygen evolution, as well as disruption of the linear electron flow. The attack of ROS during moderate heat stress principally affects the repair system of PSII, but not directly the PSII reaction center (RC). Heat stress additionally induces cleavage and aggregation of RC proteins; the mechanisms of such processes are as yet unclear. On the other hand, membrane linked sensors seem to trigger the accumulation of compatible solutes like glycinebetaine in the neighborhood of PSII membranes. They also induce the expression of stress proteins that alleviate the ROS-mediated inhibition of repair of the stress damaged photosynthetic machinery and are required for the acclimation process. In this review we summarize the recent progress in the studies of molecular mechanisms involved during moderate heat stress on the photosynthetic machinery, especially in PSII.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suleyman I Allakhverdiev
- Institute of Basic Biological Problems, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino, Moscow Region 142290, Russia.
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Camejo D, Martí MDC, Nicolás E, Alarcón JJ, Jiménez A, Sevilla F. Response of superoxide dismutase isoenzymes in tomato plants (Lycopersicon esculentum) during thermo-acclimation of the photosynthetic apparatus. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2007; 131:367-377. [PMID: 18251876 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-3054.2007.00953.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Seedlings of Lycopersicon esculentum Mill. var. Amalia were grown in a growth chamber under a photoperiod of 16 h light at 25 degrees C and 8 h dark at 20 degrees C. Five different treatments were applied to 30-day-old plants: Control treatment (plants maintained in the normal growth conditions throughout the experimental time), heat acclimation (plants exposed to 35 degrees C for 4 h in dark for 3 days), dark treatment (plants exposed to 25 degrees C for 4 h in dark for 3 days), heat acclimation plus heat shock (plants that previously received the heat acclimation treatment were exposed to 45 degrees C air temperature for 3 h in the light) and dark treatment plus heat shock (plants that previously received the dark treatment were exposed to 45 degrees C air temperature for 3 h in the light). Only the heat acclimation treatment increased the thermotolerance of the photosynthesis apparatus when the heat shock (45 degrees C) was imposed. In these plants, the CO(2) assimilation rate was not affected by heat shock and there was a slight and non-significant reduction in maximum carboxylation velocity of Rubisco (V(cmax)) and maximum electron transport rate contributing to Rubisco regeneration (J(max)). However, the plants exposed to dark treatment plus heat shock showed a significant reduction in the CO(2) assimilation rate and also in the values of V(cmax) and J(max). Chlorophyll fluorescence measurements showed increased thermotolerance in heat-acclimated plants. The values of maximum chlorophyll fluorescence (F(m)) were not modified by heat shock in these plants, while in the dark-treated plants that received the heat shock, the F(m) values were reduced, which provoked a significant reduction in the efficiency of photosystem II. A slight rise in the total superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity was found in the plants that had been subjected to both heat acclimation and heat shock, and this SOD activity was significantly higher than that found in the plants subjected to dark treatment plus heat shock. The activity of Fe-SOD isoenzymes was most enhanced in heat-acclimated plants but was unaltered in the plants that received the dark treatment. Total CuZn-SOD activity was reduced in all treatments. Darkness had an inhibitory effect on the Mn-SOD isoenzyme activity, which was compensated by the effect of a rise in air temperature to 35 degrees C. These results show that the heat tolerance of tomatoplants may be increased by the previous imposition of a moderately high temperature and could be related with the thermal stability in the photochemical reactions and a readjustment of V(cmax) and J(max). Some isoenzymes, such as the Fe-SODs, may also play a role in the development of heat-shock tolerance through heat acclimation. In fact, the pattern found for these isoenzymes in heat-acclimated Amalia plants was similar to that previously described in other heat-tolerant tomato genotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daymi Camejo
- Department of Stress Biology and Plant Pathology, Centro de Edafología y Biologia Aplicada del Segura (CSIC), PO Box 164, E-30100 Espinardo, Murcia, Spain
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Rumeau D, Peltier G, Cournac L. Chlororespiration and cyclic electron flow around PSI during photosynthesis and plant stress response. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2007; 30:1041-51. [PMID: 17661746 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-3040.2007.01675.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 276] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Besides major photosynthetic complexes of oxygenic photosynthesis, new electron carriers have been identified in thylakoid membranes of higher plant chloroplasts. These minor components, located in the stroma lamellae, include a plastidial NAD(P)H dehydrogenase (NDH) complex and a plastid terminal plastoquinone oxidase (PTOX). The NDH complex, by reducing plastoquinones (PQs), participates in one of the two electron transfer pathways operating around photosystem I (PSI), the other likely involving a still uncharacterized ferredoxin-plastoquinone reductase (FQR) and the newly discovered PGR5. The existence of a complex network of mechanisms regulating expression and activity of the NDH complex, and the presence of higher amounts of NDH complex and PTOX in response to environmental stress conditions the phenotype of mutants, indicate that these components likely play a role in the acclimation of photosynthesis to changing environmental conditions. Based on recently published data, we propose that the NDH-dependent cyclic pathway around PSI participates to the ATP supply in conditions of high ATP demand (such as high temperature or water limitation) and together with PTOX regulates cyclic electron transfer activity by tuning the redox state of intersystem electron carriers. In response to severe stress conditions, PTOX associated to the NDH and/or the PGR5 pathway may also limit electron pressure on PSI acceptor and prevent PSI photoinhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominique Rumeau
- Laboratoire d'Ecophysiologie Moléculaire des Plantes, CEA Cadarache, DSV, IBEB, SBVME, UMR 6191 CNRS/CEA/Université Aix-Marseilles, Saint Paul lez Durance F-13108, France
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Kreslavski VD, Carpentier R, Klimov VV, Murata N, Allakhverdiev SI. Molecular mechanisms of stress resistance of the photosynthetic apparatus. BIOCHEMISTRY MOSCOW SUPPLEMENT SERIES A-MEMBRANE AND CELL BIOLOGY 2007. [DOI: 10.1134/s1990747807030014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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34
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Christov I, Stefanov D, Velinov T, Goltsev V, Georgieva K, Abracheva P, Genova Y, Christov N. The symptomless leaf infection with grapevine leafroll associated virus 3 in grown in vitro plants as a simple model system for investigation of viral effects on photosynthesis. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2007; 164:1124-33. [PMID: 16716452 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2005.11.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2005] [Accepted: 11/23/2005] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
The photosynthetic changes evaluated by oxygen evolution, chlorophyll fluorescence, photoacoustics, and delayed fluorescence (DF) were studied in leaves of grown in vitro for 8 weeks grapevine plants (Vitis vinifera) infected by grapevine leafroll-associated virus 3 (GLRaV-3). The infected leaves were characterized during the viral infection without visible disease symptoms. The symptomless infection led to a decrease in plant biomass. The non-photochemical fluorescence quenching, qN, declined, whereas the photochemical quenching, qP, and the Chl a/b ratio were not significantly affected. Photoacoustic and oxygen evolution measurements showed that the energy storage and oxygen evolution rate decreased in the infected leaves. Enhanced alternative electron sinks during the symptomless viral infection were also estimated. The changes in fluorescence and DF temperature curves demonstrated an enhanced stability of the thylakoid membranes in the infected leaves. This effect was clearly expressed at high actinic light intensities. The viral infected in vitro grown grapevine plants were used in the present study as a simplified model system that allow to avoid the involvement of different environmental factors that could interfere with the GLRaV infection and the virus-grapevine interactions. Thus, the 'pure' impact of the viral infection on photosynthesis could be investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Christov
- Institute of Viticulture and Enology, 5800, Pleven, Bulgaria
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35
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Ilík P, Kouřil R, Kruk J, Myśliwa-Kurdziel B, Popelková H, Strzałka K, Nauš J. Origin of Chlorophyll Fluorescence in Plants at 55-75°C¶. Photochem Photobiol 2007. [DOI: 10.1562/0031-8655(2003)0770068oocfip2.0.co2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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36
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Tóth SZ, Schansker G, Garab G, Strasser RJ. Photosynthetic electron transport activity in heat-treated barley leaves: the role of internal alternative electron donors to photosystem II. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 2007; 1767:295-305. [PMID: 17412308 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2007.02.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2006] [Revised: 02/05/2007] [Accepted: 02/26/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Electron transport processes were investigated in barley leaves in which the oxygen-evolution was fully inhibited by a heat pulse (48 degrees C, 40 s). Under these circumstances, the K peak (approximately F(400 micros)) appears in the chl a fluorescence (OJIP) transient reflecting partial Q(A) reduction, which is due to a stable charge separation resulting from the donation of one electron by tyrozine Z. Following the K peak additional fluorescence increase (indicating Q(A)(-) accumulation) occurs in the 0.2-2 s time range. Using simultaneous chl a fluorescence and 820 nm transmission measurements it is demonstrated that this Q(A)(-) accumulation is due to naturally occurring alternative electron sources that donate electrons to the donor side of photosystem II. Chl a fluorescence data obtained with 5-ms light pulses (double flashes spaced 2.3-500 ms apart, and trains of several hundred flashes spaced by 100 or 200 ms) show that the electron donation occurs from a large pool with t(1/2) approximately 30 ms. This alternative electron donor is most probably ascorbate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Szilvia Z Tóth
- Laboratory of Bioenergetics, University of Geneva, Chemin des Embrouchis 10, CH-1254 Jussy, Geneva, Switzerland.
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Tóth SZ, Schansker G, Kissimon J, Kovács L, Garab G, Strasser RJ. Biophysical studies of photosystem II-related recovery processes after a heat pulse in barley seedlings (Hordeum vulgare L.). JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2005; 162:181-94. [PMID: 15779828 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2004.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Leaves of 7-day-old barley seedlings were subjected to heat pulses at 50 degrees C for 20 or 40s to inhibit partially or fully the oxygen evolution without inducing visible symptoms. By means of biophysical techniques, we investigated the time course and mechanism of photosystem II (PSII) recovery. After the heat treatment, the samples were characterized by typical heat stress symptoms: loss of oxygen evolution activity, strong decrease of Fv/Fm, induction of the K-step in the fluorescence induction transient, emergence of the AT-thermoluminescence-band and a dramatic increase in membrane permeability. In the first 4h in the light following the heat pulse, the AT-band and the K-step disappeared in parallel, indicating the loss of this restricted activity of PSII. This phase was followed by a recovery period, during which PSII-activity was gradually restored in the light. In darkness, no recovery, except for the membrane permeability, was observed. A model is presented that accounts for (i) the damage induced by the heat pulse on the membrane architecture and on the PSII donor side, (ii) the light-dependent removal of the impaired reaction centers from the disorganized membrane, and (iii) the subsequent light-independent restoration of the membrane permeability and the de novo synthesis of the PSII reaction centers in the light.
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Affiliation(s)
- Szilvia Z Tóth
- Laboratory of Bioenergetics, University of Geneva, Chemin des Embrouchis 10, CH-1254 Jussy, Switzerland.
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38
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Gilbert M, Skotnica J, Weingart I, Wilhelm C. Effects of UV irradiation on barley and tomato leaves: thermoluminescence as a method to screen the impact of UV radiation on crop plants. FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY : FPB 2004; 31:825-845. [PMID: 32688953 DOI: 10.1071/fp03186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2003] [Accepted: 04/26/2004] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The effect of different UV intensities and irradiation times on barley and tomato leaves was investigated by analysis of thermoluminescence (TL) and chlorophyll (chl) fluorescence measurements. Epifluorescence microscopy was used to estimate the epidermal UV transmittance of leaves. In barley a strong supression of TL emission from the S2QB- (B-band) and the S2QA- (Q-band) charge recombination was observed increasing with prolonged UV exposure. Primary barley leaves were more sensitive to UV than secondary leaves. In tomato plants a decrease in the B-band only takes place at very high UV intensities and after prolonged exposure times (4 h). The impact of UV in cotyledons was more pronounced than in pinnate leaves of tomato plants. The strong differences in sensitivity to UV in the investigated barley and tomato variety may be due to different concentrations of UV screening pigments in the epidermal layer as demonstrated by epifluorescence measurements. The results show that TL has the same potential to analyse the sensitivity or tolerance of crop plants to UV irradiation as routine fluorescence techniques. Furthermore, TL is directly monitoring the radical pair states of PSII and can distinguish between UV-induced donor and acceptor site-related damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Gilbert
- University of Leipzig, Institute of Botany, Plant Physiology, Johannisallee 21-23, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Jiri Skotnica
- University of Leipzig, Institute of Botany, Plant Physiology, Johannisallee 21-23, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Ilka Weingart
- University of Leipzig, Institute of Botany, Plant Physiology, Johannisallee 21-23, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Christian Wilhelm
- University of Leipzig, Institute of Botany, Plant Physiology, Johannisallee 21-23, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany
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Badretdinov DZ, Baranova EA, Kukushkin AK. Study of temperature influence on electron transport in higher plants via delayed luminescence method: experiment, theory. Bioelectrochemistry 2004; 63:67-71. [PMID: 15110250 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioelechem.2003.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2003] [Revised: 12/03/2003] [Accepted: 12/09/2003] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The temperature dependence of steady-state millisecond delayed luminescence (DL) is studied within the temperature range from -23 to 45 degrees C in leaf segments of chinese rose (Hibiscus rosa-sinensis L.) and bean (Ficia faba). To describe the experimental dependence of DL steady-state intensity on temperature theoretically, we suggest the temperature dependences of rate constants in earlier proposed model of photosynthesis. Under these conditions, the temperature dependence of DL steady-state value has the same form as experimental curve.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Z Badretdinov
- Faculty of Physics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory, Moscow 119992, Russia.
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40
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Ohad I, Dal Bosco C, Herrmann RG, Meurer J. Photosystem II proteins PsbL and PsbJ regulate electron flow to the plastoquinone pool. Biochemistry 2004; 43:2297-308. [PMID: 14979726 DOI: 10.1021/bi0348260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The psbEFLJ operon of tobacco plastids encodes four bitopic low molecular mass transmembrane components of photosystem II. Here, we report the effect of inactivation of psbL on the directional forward electron flow of photosystem II as compared to that of the wild type and the psbJ deletion mutant, which is impaired in PSII electron flow to plastoquinone [Regel et al. (2001) J. Biol. Chem. 276, 41473-41478]. Exposure of Delta psbL plants to a saturating light pulse gives rise to the maximal fluorescence emission, Fm(L), which is followed within 4-6 s by a broader hitherto not observed second fluorescence peak in darkness, Fm(D). Conditions either facilitating oxidation or avoiding reduction of the plastoquinone pool do not affect the Fm(L) level of Delta psbL plants but prevent the appearance of Fm(D). The level of Fm(D) is proportional to the intensity and duration of the light pulse allowing reduction of the plastoquinone pool in dark-adapted leaves prior to the activation of PSI and oxidation of plastoquinol. Lowering the temperature decreases the Fm(D) level in the Delta psbL mutant, whereas it increases considerably the lifetime of Q(A)*- in the Delta psbJ mutant. The thermoluminescence signal generated by Q(A)*-/S(2) charge recombination is not affected; on the other hand, charge recombination of Q(B)*-/S(2,3) could not be detected in Delta psbL plants. PSII is highly sensitive to photoinhibition in Delta psbL. We conclude that PsbL prevents reduction of PSII by back electron flow from plastoquinol protecting PSII from photoinactivation, whereas PsbJ regulates forward electron flow from Q(A)*- to the plastoquinone pool. Therefore, both proteins contribute substantially to ensure unidirectional forward electron flow from PSII to the plastoquinone pool.
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Affiliation(s)
- Itzhak Ohad
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Minerva Center of Photosynthesis Research, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel
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41
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Knight CA, Ackerly DD. Evolution and plasticity of photosynthetic thermal tolerance, specific leaf area and leaf size: congeneric species from desert and coastal environments. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2003; 160:337-347. [PMID: 33832168 DOI: 10.1046/j.1469-8137.2003.00880.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
• We examined whether increased high temperature photosynthetic thermal tolerance (PT), reduced specific leaf area (SLA) and reduced leaf size represent correlated and convergent adaptations for recently diverged Encelia, Salvia, Atriplex and Eriogonum congeneric species pairs from contrasting thermal and water environments (the Mojave Desert and coastal California). We also studied whether variation in PT is associated with inducible small heat shock protein expression (sHsp). • Traits were measured in a common environment (CE) and in the field to partition effects of phenotypic plasticity and genetic divergence. • We found little evidence for convergent adaptation of PT (CE measurements). Field measurements revealed significant plasticity for PT, which was also associated with increased sHsp expression. Compared to coastal congeners desert species had lower SLA in the CE. These differences were magnified in the field. There was a negative correlation between SLA and PT. Desert species also tended to have smaller leaves both in the CE and in the field. • SLA and leaf size reductions represent repeated evolutionary divergences and are perhaps convergent adaptations for species radiating into the desert, while PT is highly plastic and shows little evidence for convergent adaptation in the congeneric species pairs we studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles A Knight
- Department of Biological Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford CA 94305-5020, USA
- Biological Sciences Department, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo, CA 93407, USA
| | - David D Ackerly
- Department of Biological Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford CA 94305-5020, USA
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42
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Dal Bosco C, Lezhneva L, Biehl A, Leister D, Strotmann H, Wanner G, Meurer J. Inactivation of the chloroplast ATP synthase gamma subunit results in high non-photochemical fluorescence quenching and altered nuclear gene expression in Arabidopsis thaliana. J Biol Chem 2003; 279:1060-9. [PMID: 14576160 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m308435200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The nuclear atpC1 gene encoding the gamma subunit of the plastid ATP synthase has been inactivated by T-DNA insertion mutagenesis in Arabidopsis thaliana. In the seedling-lethal dpa1 (deficiency of plastid ATP synthase 1) mutant, the absence of detectable amounts of the gamma subunit destabilizes the entire ATP synthase complex. The expression of a second gene copy, atpC2, is unaltered in dpa1 and is not sufficient to compensate for the lack of atpC1 expression. However, in vivo protein labeling analysis suggests that assembly of the ATP synthase alpha and beta subunits into the thylakoid membrane still occurs in dpa1. As a consequence of the destabilized ATP synthase complex, photophosphorylation is abolished even under reducing conditions. Further effects of the mutation include an increased light sensitivity of the plant and an altered photosystem II activity. At low light intensity, chlorophyll fluorescence induction kinetics is close to those found in wild type, but non-photochemical quenching strongly increases with increasing actinic light intensity resulting in steady state fluorescence levels of about 60% of the minimal dark fluorescence. Most fluorescence quenching relaxed within 3 min after dark incubation. Spectroscopic and biochemical studies have shown that a high proton gradient is responsible for most quenching. Thylakoids of illuminated dpa1 plants were swollen due to an increased proton accumulation in the lumen. Expression profiling of 3292 nuclear genes encoding mainly chloroplast proteins demonstrates that most organelle functions are down-regulated. On the contrary, the mRNA expression of some photosynthesis genes is significantly up-regulated, probably to compensate for the defect in dpa1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Dal Bosco
- Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Department Biologie I, Botanik, Menzingerstrasse 67, 80638 München, Germany
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43
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Nayak L, Biswal B, Ramaswamy NK, Iyer RK, Nair JS, Biswal UC. Ultraviolet-A induced changes in photosystem II of thylakoids: effects of senescence and high growth temperature. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY. B, BIOLOGY 2003; 70:59-65. [PMID: 12849695 DOI: 10.1016/s1011-1344(03)00052-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Ultraviolet-A (UV-A) radiation induced changes in photosystem II (PS II) of senescing leaves of wheat seedlings were investigated. UV-A radiation did not show any significant effect on the level of photosynthetic pigments. However, the decline in F(v)/F(m) and oxygen evolution rate indicated the damaging effect of the radiation on primary photochemistry of PS II. Modification at the Q(B)-binding site was inferred from the observed downshift of peak temperature of thermoluminescence (TL) B-bands. The UV-A induced changes in PS II of chloroplasts from senescing leaves were found to be synergistically accelerated by high growth temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Nayak
- School of Life Sciences, Sambalpur University, Jyoti Vihar, Sambalpur, India
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44
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45
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Ilík P, Kouril R, Kruk J, Myśliwa-Kurdziel B, Popelková H, Strzałka K, Naus J. Origin of chlorophyll fluorescence in plants at 55-75 degrees C. Photochem Photobiol 2003; 77:68-76. [PMID: 12856885 DOI: 10.1562/0031-8655(2003)077<0068:oocfip>2.0.co;2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The origin of heat-induced chlorophyll fluorescence rise that appears at about 55-60 degrees C during linear heating of leaves, chloroplasts or thylakoids (especially with a reduced content of grana thylakoids) was studied. This fluorescence rise was earlier attributed to photosystem I (PSI) emission. Our data show that the fluorescence rise originates from chlorophyll a (Chl a) molecules released from chlorophyll-containing protein complexes denaturing at 55-60 degrees C. This conclusion results mainly from Chl a fluorescence lifetime measurements with barley leaves of different Chl a content and absorption and emission spectra measurements with barley leaves preheated to selected temperatures. These data, supported by measurements of liposomes with different Chl a/lipid ratios, suggest that the released Chl a is dissolved in lipids of thylakoid membranes and that with increasing Chl a content in the lipid phase, the released Chl a tends to form low-fluorescing aggregates. This is probably the reason for the suppressed fluorescence rise at 55-60 degrees C and the decreasing fluorescence course at 60-75 degrees C, which are observable during linear heating of plant material with a high Chl a/lipid ratio (e.g. green leaves, grana thylakoids, isolated PSII particles).
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Affiliation(s)
- Petr Ilík
- Laboratory of Biophysics, Department of Experimental Physics, Palacký University, Olomouc, Czech Republic.
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46
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Cournac L, Latouche G, Cerovic Z, Redding K, Ravenel J, Peltier G. In vivo interactions between photosynthesis, mitorespiration, and chlororespiration in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2002; 129:1921-8. [PMID: 12177506 PMCID: PMC166781 DOI: 10.1104/pp.001636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2001] [Revised: 02/11/2002] [Accepted: 04/16/2002] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Interactions between photosynthesis, mitochondrial respiration (mitorespiration), and chlororespiration have been investigated in the green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii using flash illumination and a bare platinum electrode. Depending on the physiological status of algae, flash illumination was found to induce either a fast (t(1/2) approximately 300 ms) or slow (t(1/2) approximately 3 s) transient inhibition of oxygen uptake. Based on the effects of the mitorespiratory inhibitors myxothiazol and salicyl hydroxamic acid (SHAM), and of propyl gallate, an inhibitor of the chlororespiratory oxidase, we conclude that the fast transient is due to the flash-induced inhibition of chlororespiration and that the slow transient is due to the flash-induced inhibition of mitorespiration. By measuring blue-green fluorescence changes, related to the redox status of the pyridine nucleotide pool, and chlorophyll fluorescence, related to the redox status of plastoquinones (PQs) in C. reinhardtii wild type and in a photosystem I-deficient mutant, we show that interactions between photosynthesis and chlororespiration are favored when PQ and pyridine nucleotide pools are reduced, whereas interactions between photosynthesis and mitorespiration are favored at more oxidized states. We conclude that the plastid oxidase, similar to the mitochondrial alternative oxidase, becomes significantly engaged when the PQ pool becomes highly reduced, and thereby prevents its over-reduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurent Cournac
- Département d'Ecophysiologie Végétale et de Microbiologie, Laboratoire d'Ecophysiologie de la Photosyntèse, UMR 163 CNRS CEA, Univ-Meéditerranée CEA 1000, Saint-Paul-lez-Durance, France.
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Morgan-Kiss R, Ivanov AG, Williams J, Huner NPA. Differential thermal effects on the energy distribution between photosystem II and photosystem I in thylakoid membranes of a psychrophilic and a mesophilic alga. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 2002; 1561:251-65. [PMID: 11997125 DOI: 10.1016/s0005-2736(02)00352-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Sensitivity of the photosynthetic thylakoid membranes to thermal stress was investigated in the psychrophilic Antarctic alga Chlamydomonas subcaudata. C. subcaudata thylakoids exhibited an elevated heat sensitivity as indicated by a temperature-induced rise in F(o) fluorescence in comparison with the mesophilic species, Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. This was accompanied by a loss of structural stability of the photosystem (PS) II core complex and functional changes at the level of PSI in C. reinhardtii, but not in C. subcaudata. Lastly, C. subcaudata exhibited an increase in unsaturated fatty acid content of membrane lipids in combination with unique fatty acid species. The relationship between lipid unsaturation and the functioning of the photosynthetic apparatus under elevated temperatures is discussed.
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Abstract
Chlororespiration has been defined as a respiratory electron transport chain (ETC) in interaction with the photosynthetic ETC in thylakoid membranes of chloroplasts. The existence of chlororespiration has been disputed during the last decade, with the initial evidence mainly obtained with intact algal cells being possibly explained by redox interactions between chloroplasts and mitochondria. The discovery in higher-plant chloroplasts of a plastid-encoded NAD(P)H-dehydrogenase (Ndh) complex, homologous to the bacterial complex I, and of a nuclear-encoded plastid terminal oxidase (PTOX), homologous to the plant mitochondrial alternative oxidase, brought molecular support to the concept of chlororespiration. The functionality of these proteins in non-photochemical reduction and oxidation of plastoquinones (PQs), respectively, has recently been demonstrated. In thylakoids of mature chloroplasts, chlororespiration appears to be a relatively minor pathway compared to linear photosynthetic electron flow from H2O to NADP+. However, chlororespiration might play a role in the regulation of photosynthesis by modulating the activity of cyclic electron flow around photosystem I (PS I). In non-photosynthetic plastids, chlororespiratory electron carriers are more abundant and may play a significant bioenergetic role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gilles Peltier
- Laboratoire d'Ecophysiologie de la Photosynthèse, Département d'Ecophysiologie Végétale et de Microbiologie, UMR 163 CNRS-CEA, Université Mediterranée, CEA 1000, F-13108 Saint-Paul-lez-Durance, France.
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