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Tan H, Li M, Han L, Zhao Y, Zhang X. Gypensapogenin I Suppresses Cell Proliferation in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Via Triggering the Closure of AKT/GSK3β/β-Catenin and Notch-1 Signaling Pathways. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2022; 70:5438-5449. [PMID: 35465659 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c02512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Jiaogulan (Gynostemma pentaphyllum) tea is a functional food that is commercially available worldwide. Gypensapogenin I (Gyp I), which is a natural damarane-type saponin, was obtained from the hydrolysates of total gypenosides. The present research was performed to investigate the potential antiproliferation effect of Gyp I in MDA-MB-231 cells and the underlying mechanisms. Here, we found that Gyp I attenuated survival, inhibited proliferation, and induced apoptosis in MDA-MB-231 cells. Target prediction by binding molecule docking and western blot assays confirmed the mechanism by which Gyp I inhibited the proliferation of breast cancer cells via the AKT/GSK3β/β-catenin signaling pathway. We also showed that Gyp I exhibited superior in vivo efficacy that was dose dependent. Tumor tissue transcriptome analysis indicated that Gyp I could decrease the expression levels of NOTCH1 and HES1, which was in contrast to the effect on MAML and NUMBL, indicating that our compound hindered the activation of the Notch-1 signaling pathway. In summary, we report for the first time that Gyp I shows excellent anti-breast cancer activity in vivo and in vitro and that its pathway of action is related to the AKT/GSK3β/β-catenin and Notch-1 signaling pathways. Therefore, Jiaogulan tea can not only be used as a health food but also possesses the possibility to treat triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC).
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyan Tan
- School of Functional Food and Wine, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Minjie Li
- School of Functional Food and Wine, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Linlin Han
- School of Functional Food and Wine, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Yuqing Zhao
- School of Functional Food and Wine, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Xiaoshu Zhang
- School of Functional Food and Wine, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
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2
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Shen Q, Reedijk M. Notch Signaling and the Breast Cancer Microenvironment. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2020; 1287:183-200. [PMID: 33034033 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-55031-8_12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Notch promotes breast cancer progression through tumor initiating cell maintenance, tumor cell fate specification, proliferation, survival, and motility. In addition, Notch is recognized as a decisive mechanism in regulating various juxtacrine and paracrine communications in the tumor microenvironment (TME). In this chapter, we review recent studies on stress-mediated Notch activation within the TME and sequelae such as angiogenesis, extracellular matrix remodeling, changes in the innate and adaptive immunophenotype, and therapeutic perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Shen
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Michael Reedijk
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada.
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3
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Schrörs B, Boegel S, Albrecht C, Bukur T, Bukur V, Holtsträter C, Ritzel C, Manninen K, Tadmor AD, Vormehr M, Sahin U, Löwer M. Multi-Omics Characterization of the 4T1 Murine Mammary Gland Tumor Model. Front Oncol 2020; 10:1195. [PMID: 32793490 PMCID: PMC7390911 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.01195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2020] [Accepted: 06/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Tumor models are critical for our understanding of cancer and the development of cancer therapeutics. The 4T1 murine mammary cancer cell line is one of the most widely used breast cancer models. Here, we present an integrated map of the genome, transcriptome, and immunome of 4T1. Results: We found Trp53 (Tp53) and Pik3g to be mutated. Other frequently mutated genes in breast cancer, including Brca1 and Brca2, are not mutated. For cancer related genes, Nav3, Cenpf, Muc5Ac, Mpp7, Gas1, MageD2, Dusp1, Ros, Polr2a, Rragd, Ros1, and Hoxa9 are mutated. Markers for cell proliferation like Top2a, Birc5, and Mki67 are highly expressed, so are markers for metastasis like Msln, Ect2, and Plk1, which are known to be overexpressed in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). TNBC markers are, compared to a mammary gland control sample, lower (Esr1), comparably low (Erbb2), or not expressed at all (Pgr). We also found testis cancer antigen Pbk as well as colon/gastrointestinal cancer antigens Gpa33 and Epcam to be highly expressed. Major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I is expressed, while MHC class II is not. We identified 505 single nucleotide variations (SNVs) and 20 insertions and deletions (indels). Neoantigens derived from 22 SNVs and one deletion elicited CD8+ or CD4+ T cell responses in IFNγ-ELISpot assays. Twelve high-confidence fusion genes were observed. We did not observe significant downregulation of mismatch repair (MMR) genes or SNVs/indels impairing their function, providing evidence for 6-thioguanine resistance. Effects of the integration of the murine mammary tumor virus were observed at the genome and transcriptome level. Conclusions: 4T1 cells share substantial molecular features with human TNBC. As 4T1 is a common model for metastatic tumors, our data supports the rational design of mode-of-action studies for pre-clinical evaluation of targeted immunotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Schrörs
- TRON gGmbH - Translationale Onkologie an der Universitätsmedizin der Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz Gemeinnützige GmbH, Mainz, Germany
| | - Sebastian Boegel
- University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg, University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Christian Albrecht
- TRON gGmbH - Translationale Onkologie an der Universitätsmedizin der Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz Gemeinnützige GmbH, Mainz, Germany
| | - Thomas Bukur
- TRON gGmbH - Translationale Onkologie an der Universitätsmedizin der Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz Gemeinnützige GmbH, Mainz, Germany
| | - Valesca Bukur
- TRON gGmbH - Translationale Onkologie an der Universitätsmedizin der Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz Gemeinnützige GmbH, Mainz, Germany
| | - Christoph Holtsträter
- TRON gGmbH - Translationale Onkologie an der Universitätsmedizin der Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz Gemeinnützige GmbH, Mainz, Germany
| | - Christoph Ritzel
- University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg, University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Katja Manninen
- TRON gGmbH - Translationale Onkologie an der Universitätsmedizin der Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz Gemeinnützige GmbH, Mainz, Germany
| | - Arbel D Tadmor
- TRON gGmbH - Translationale Onkologie an der Universitätsmedizin der Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz Gemeinnützige GmbH, Mainz, Germany
| | - Mathias Vormehr
- University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg, University Mainz, Mainz, Germany.,BioNTech SE, Mainz, Germany
| | - Ugur Sahin
- TRON gGmbH - Translationale Onkologie an der Universitätsmedizin der Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz Gemeinnützige GmbH, Mainz, Germany.,HI-TRON - Helmholtz-Institut für Translationale Onkologie Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Martin Löwer
- TRON gGmbH - Translationale Onkologie an der Universitätsmedizin der Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz Gemeinnützige GmbH, Mainz, Germany
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4
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Zandi E, Ayatollahi Mehrgardi A, Esmailizadeh A. Mammary tissue transcriptomic analysis for construction of integrated regulatory networks involved in lactogenesis of Ovis aries. Genomics 2020; 112:4277-4287. [PMID: 32693106 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygeno.2020.07.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Revised: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The mammary gland experiences vast changes between the onset of lactation and pregnancy. This remodeling involves different functions such as lactation that is controlled by innumerable regulators and various gene networks which are still not completely understood. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are one of the important non-coding gene regulators which control an extensive range of biological processes. Thus, exploring miRNAs functions is important for solving gene regulation complexity. The main purpose in the present study is to identify the various gene regulative integrated networks involved in lactation progress in mammary gland. We analyzed ovine mammary tissue data sets which included expression profiles of mRNA (genes) and miRNAs related to six ewes in different days of lactation and nutritional treatments. We combined two different types of information: the network that is module inference by mRNAs (RNA-seq data), miRNAs and transcription factors (TFs) expression matrix and prediction of targets via computational methods. To discover the miRNAs regulatory function, 134 modules were predicted by using gene expression data and 14 TFs and 20 miRNAs were allocated to these predicted modules. By applying this integrated computation-based method, 38 miRNA-modules and 35 TF-module interactions were identified from ovine mammary tissue data during lactogenesis. A lot of these modules were involved in lipid and protein metabolism, as well as steroids and vitamin biosynthesis, which would play key roles in mammary tissue and lactation development. These results present new information about the regulatory procedures at the miRNAs and TF levels throughout lactation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elmira Zandi
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, PB 76169-133, Iran; Yong Researchers Society, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, PB 76169-133, Kerman, Iran
| | - Ahmad Ayatollahi Mehrgardi
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, PB 76169-133, Iran
| | - Ali Esmailizadeh
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, PB 76169-133, Iran.
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5
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Oliphant MUJ, Kong D, Zhou H, Lewis MT, Ford HL. Two Sides of the Same Coin: The Role of Developmental pathways and pluripotency factors in normal mammary stem cells and breast cancer metastasis. J Mammary Gland Biol Neoplasia 2020; 25:85-102. [PMID: 32323111 PMCID: PMC7395869 DOI: 10.1007/s10911-020-09449-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2020] [Accepted: 03/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer initiation and progression are often observed as the result of dysregulation of normal developmental processes and pathways. Studies focused on normal mammary stem/progenitor cell activity have led to an understanding of how breast cancer cells acquire stemness-associated properties including tumor initiation, survival and multi-lineage differentiation into heterogeneous tumors that become difficult to target therapeutically. Importantly, more recent investigations have provided valuable insight into how key developmental regulators can impact multiple phases of metastasis, where they are repurposed to not only promote metastatic phenotypes such as migration, invasion and EMT at the primary site, but also to regulate the survival, initiation and maintenance of metastatic lesions at secondary organs. Herein, we discuss findings that have led to a better understanding of how embryonic and pluripotency factors contribute not only to normal mammary development, but also to metastatic progression. We further examine the therapeutic potential of targeting these developmental pathways, and discuss how a better understanding of compensatory mechanisms, crosstalk between pathways, and novel experimental models could provide critical insight into how we might exploit embryonic and pluripotency regulators to inhibit tumor progression and metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- M U J Oliphant
- Integrated Physiology Program, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, RC1-North, P18-6115, 12800 East 19th Ave, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, RC1-North, P18-6115, 12800 East 19th Ave, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
- Department of Cell Biology and Ludwig Center at Harvard, Harvard Medical School, 240 Longwood Avenue, Building C1, Room 513B, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Deguang Kong
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, RC1-North, P18-6115, 12800 East 19th Ave, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | - Hengbo Zhou
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, RC1-North, P18-6115, 12800 East 19th Ave, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
- Cancer Biology Program, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, RC1-North, P18-6115, 12800 East 19th Ave, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | - M T Lewis
- Departments of Molecular and Cellular Biology and Radiology. Lester and Sue Smith Breast Center, Baylor College of Medicine. One Baylor Plaza BCM600, Room N1210, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - H L Ford
- Integrated Physiology Program, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, RC1-North, P18-6115, 12800 East 19th Ave, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA.
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, RC1-North, P18-6115, 12800 East 19th Ave, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA.
- Cancer Biology Program, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, RC1-North, P18-6115, 12800 East 19th Ave, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA.
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6
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Bertrand FE. The cross-talk of NOTCH and GSK-3 signaling in colon and other cancers. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2020; 1867:118738. [PMID: 32389646 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2020.118738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Revised: 05/01/2020] [Accepted: 05/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The GSK-3 kinases, GSK-3α and GSK-3β, have a central role in regulating multiple cellular processes such as glycogen synthesis, insulin signaling, cell proliferation and apoptosis. GSK-3β is the most well studied, and was originally described for its role in regulating glycogen synthase. GSK-3β has been studied as a participant in the oncogenic process in a variety of cancers due to its intersection with the PTEN/PI3K/AKT and RAS/RAF/MEK/ERK pathways. Dysregulated signaling through the Notch family of receptors can also promote oncogenesis. Normal Notch receptor signaling regulates cell fate determination in stem cell pools. GSK-3β and Notch share similar targets such β-catenin and the WNT pathway. WNT and β-catenin are involved in several oncogenic processes including those of the colon. In addition, GSK-3β may directly regulate aspects of Notch signaling. This review describes how crosstalk between GSK-3β and Notch can promote oncogenesis, using colon cancer as the primary example.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fred E Bertrand
- Department of Nutrition Sciences, School of Health Professions, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA.
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7
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Ibeagha-Awemu EM, Li R, Dudemaine PL, Do DN, Bissonnette N. Transcriptome Analysis of Long Non-Coding RNA in the Bovine Mammary Gland Following Dietary Supplementation with Linseed Oil and Safflower Oil. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:E3610. [PMID: 30445766 PMCID: PMC6274745 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19113610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2018] [Revised: 11/01/2018] [Accepted: 11/02/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to characterize the long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) expression in the bovine mammary gland and to infer their functions in dietary response to 5% linseed oil (LSO) or 5% safflower oil (SFO). Twelve cows (six per treatment) in mid lactation were fed a control diet for 28 days followed by a treatment period (control diet supplemented with 5% LSO or 5% SFO) of 28 days. Mammary gland biopsies were collected from each animal on day-14 (D-14, control period), D+7 (early treatment period) and D+28 (late treatment period) and were subjected to RNA-Sequencing and subsequent bioinformatics analyses. Functional enrichment of lncRNA was performed via potential cis regulated target genes located within 50 kb flanking regions of lncRNAs and having expression correlation of >0.7 with mRNAs. A total of 4955 lncRNAs (325 known and 4630 novel) were identified which potentially cis targeted 59 and 494 genes in LSO and SFO treatments, respectively. Enrichments of cis target genes of lncRNAs indicated potential roles of lncRNAs in immune function, nucleic acid metabolism and cell membrane organization processes as well as involvement in Notch, cAMP and TGF-β signaling pathways. Thirty-two and 21 lncRNAs were differentially expressed (DE) in LSO and SFO treatments, respectively. Six genes (KCNF1, STARD13, BCL6, NXPE2, HHIPL2 and MMD) were identified as potential cis target genes of six DE lncRNAs. In conclusion, this study has identified lncRNAs with potential roles in mammary gland functions and potential candidate genes and pathways via which lncRNAs might function in response to LSO and SFA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eveline M Ibeagha-Awemu
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Sherbrooke Research and Development Centre, Sherbrooke, QC J1M 0C8, Canada.
| | - Ran Li
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Sherbrooke Research and Development Centre, Sherbrooke, QC J1M 0C8, Canada.
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China.
| | - Pier-Luc Dudemaine
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Sherbrooke Research and Development Centre, Sherbrooke, QC J1M 0C8, Canada.
| | - Duy N Do
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Sherbrooke Research and Development Centre, Sherbrooke, QC J1M 0C8, Canada.
- Department of Animal Science, McGill University, Ste-Anne-De-Bellevue, QC H9X 3V9, Canada.
| | - Nathalie Bissonnette
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Sherbrooke Research and Development Centre, Sherbrooke, QC J1M 0C8, Canada.
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Saeg F, Anbalagan M. Breast cancer stem cells and the challenges of eradication: a review of novel therapies. Stem Cell Investig 2018; 5:39. [PMID: 30498750 DOI: 10.21037/sci.2018.10.05] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2018] [Accepted: 09/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Breast cancer is a heterogeneous disease that accounts for 30% of all cancers diagnosed in women and over half a million deaths per year. Cancer stem cells (CSCs) make up a small subpopulation of cells within a tumor, are capable of self-renewal and, are responsible for tumor initiation, formation, and recurrence. Breast CSCs (BCSCs) have been the subject of concentrated research as potential targets for breast cancer therapies. Cell surface markers CD44+/CD24- have been established as minimum biomarkers for BCSCs and the upregulation of CD44 expression has been linked to tumor formation in numerous cancers. Additionally, the deregulation of Notch, Wnt/Frizzled/β-catenin, Hippo, and Hedgehog signaling pathways is believed to be responsible for the formation of CSCs and lead to tumor formation. Tumor heterogeneity is a key feature of therapy resistance and a major challenge. CSCs are predominantly senescent and inherently immune to chemotherapy drugs which rely on an overactive cell cycle. Current therapeutic strategies include targeting CSC signaling pathways that play critical roles in self-renewal and defense. Anti-CD44 antibodies have been shown to induce terminal differentiation in CSCs resulting in a significant decrease in tumor metastasis. Additionally, targeting the tumor microenvironment has been shown to increase the effectiveness of chemotherapy drugs. In this review, we attempt to provide an overview of breast cancer, the stem of its cause, and novel therapies currently being explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fouad Saeg
- Department of Structural and Cellular Biology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA.,DeBakey Scholars Program, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Muralidharan Anbalagan
- Department of Structural and Cellular Biology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
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9
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The Notch Pathway in Breast Cancer Progression. ScientificWorldJournal 2018; 2018:2415489. [PMID: 30111989 PMCID: PMC6077551 DOI: 10.1155/2018/2415489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2017] [Revised: 05/10/2018] [Accepted: 06/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Notch signaling pathway is a vital parameter of the mammalian vascular system. In this review, the authors summarize the current knowledge about the impact of the Notch signaling pathway in breast cancer progression and the therapeutic role of Notch's inhibition. Methods The available literature in MEDLINE, PubMed, and Scopus, regarding the role of the Notch pathway in breast cancer progression was searched for related articles from about 1973 to 2017 including terms such as “Notch,” “Breast Cancer,” and “Angiogenesis.” Results. Notch signaling controls the differentiation of breast epithelial cells during normal development. Studies confirm that the Notch pathway has a major participation in breast cancer progression through overexpression and/or abnormal genetic type expression of the notch receptors and ligands that determine angiogenesis. The cross-talk of Notch and estrogens, the effect of Notch in breast cancer stem cells formation, and the dependable Notch overexpression during breast tumorigenesis have been studied enough and undoubtedly linked to breast cancer development. The already applied therapeutic inhibition of Notch for breast cancer can drastically change the course of the disease. Conclusion Current data prove that Notch pathway has a major participation and multiple roles during breast tumor progression. Inhibition of Notch receptors and ligands provides innovative therapeutic results and could become the therapy of choice in the next few years, even though further research is needed to reach safe conclusions.
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Cao L, Yang Y, Ye Z, Lin B, Zeng J, Li C, Liang T, Zhou K, Li J. Quercetin‑3‑methyl ether suppresses human breast cancer stem cell formation by inhibiting the Notch1 and PI3K/Akt signaling pathways. Int J Mol Med 2018; 42:1625-1636. [PMID: 29956731 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2018.3741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2017] [Accepted: 06/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is a leading cause of mortality among women with cancer worldwide. Quercetin‑3‑methyl ether, a natural compound occurring in various plants, has been indicated to have potent anticancer activity. Breast cancer cell growth and survival were examined by CCK‑8 and colony formation assay, whilst cell cycle and apoptosis were determined by flow cytometry. Cell invasion and migration were assessed by wound‑healing assay and Transwell assay. Cancer stem cell formation was analyzed by mammosphere formation assay and related signaling pathways were detected by western blotting. In the present study, it was observed that treatment with quercetin‑3‑methyl ether significantly inhibited cell growth, induced apoptosis and cell cycle arrest at the G2‑M phase, and suppressed invasion and migration in human breast cancer cells, including the triple negative MDAMB‑231 cell line, and the estrogen receptor‑positive/progesterone receptor‑positive/human epidermal growth factor receptor 2‑negative MCF‑7 and T47D cell lines. This compound also markedly suppressed the epithelial‑mesenchymal transition process as evidenced by the upregulated expression of E‑cadherin, and the concomitant downregulated expression of vimentin and MMP‑2. Furthermore, it was demonstrated that quercetin‑3‑methyl ether treatment inhibited mammosphere formation and the expression of the stemness‑related genes, SRY‑box 2 and Nanog. Mechanistically, this compound decreased the expression of Notch1, and induced the phosphorylation of phosphoinositide 3‑kinase (PI3K) and Akt. It also attenuated the human insulin growth factor 1‑induced phosphorylation of PI3K, Akt and glycogen synthase kinase β. Additionally, the combination of quercetin‑3‑methyl ether and a secretase inhibitor (DAPT) exhibited additive suppression of the expression of Notch1, PI3K, Akt and mammalian target of rapamycin and a more marked inhibitory effect on cell proliferation and colony formation compared with either drug alone. Treatment with quercetin‑3‑methyl ether alone markedly suppressed the levels of tri‑methyl histone H3 (Lys27), but had no effect on the expression of enhancer of zeste homolog 2. Overall, these findings indicated that quercein‑3‑methyl ether may be a potential therapeutic compound for the treatment of triple negative and hormone‑sensitive breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Longbin Cao
- Key Laboratory for Medical Molecular Diagnostics of Guangdong Province, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, Guangdong 523808, P.R. China
| | - Yunxiao Yang
- Key Laboratory for Medical Molecular Diagnostics of Guangdong Province, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, Guangdong 523808, P.R. China
| | - Ziyu Ye
- Key Laboratory for Medical Molecular Diagnostics of Guangdong Province, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, Guangdong 523808, P.R. China
| | - Bihua Lin
- Dongguan Key Laboratory of Medical Bioactive Molecular Developmental and Translational Research, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, Guangdong 523808, P.R. China
| | - Jincheng Zeng
- Key Laboratory for Medical Molecular Diagnostics of Guangdong Province, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, Guangdong 523808, P.R. China
| | - Caihong Li
- Dongguan Key Laboratory of Medical Bioactive Molecular Developmental and Translational Research, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, Guangdong 523808, P.R. China
| | - Tong Liang
- Dongguan Key Laboratory of Medical Bioactive Molecular Developmental and Translational Research, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, Guangdong 523808, P.R. China
| | - Keyuan Zhou
- Key Laboratory for Medical Molecular Diagnostics of Guangdong Province, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, Guangdong 523808, P.R. China
| | - Jixia Li
- Dongguan Key Laboratory of Medical Bioactive Molecular Developmental and Translational Research, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, Guangdong 523808, P.R. China
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11
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Prognostic roles of Notch receptor mRNA expression in human ovarian cancer. Oncotarget 2018; 8:32731-32740. [PMID: 28415574 PMCID: PMC5464823 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.16387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2016] [Accepted: 03/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Aberrant activation of Notch signaling pathway has been correlated with high grade ovarian carcinoma and carcinogenesis. However, the predictive and prognostic values of Notch signaling pathway in ovarian cancer patients remains unclear. We utilize “The Kaplan-Meier plotter” (KM plotter) background database to access the prognostic values including overall survival (OS), progression-free survival (PFS), as well as post-progression survival (PPS) of four Notch receptor mRNA expression in ovarian cancer patients. Notch1 mRNA high expression was not correlated with OS, PFS and PPS for all ovarian cancer patients, but significantly correlated with poor PFS in TP53 wild type and favorite PFS in TP53 mutation type ovarian cancer patients. Notch2 mRNA high expression was significantly correlated with poor PFS for all ovarian cancer patients, especially in grade II patients. Notch3 mRNA high expression was significantly correlated with favorite PFS for all ovarian cancer patients. Notch4 mRNA high expression was significantly correlated with favorite OS, but not PFS and PPS for all ovarian cancer patients. The results strongly support that there are distinct prognostic values of four Notch receptor mRNA expression in ovarian cancer patients.
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12
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Chalakur-Ramireddy NKR, Pakala SB. Combined drug therapeutic strategies for the effective treatment of Triple Negative Breast Cancer. Biosci Rep 2018; 38:BSR20171357. [PMID: 29298879 PMCID: PMC5789156 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20171357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2017] [Revised: 12/12/2017] [Accepted: 01/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
TNBC (Triple Negative Breast Cancer) is a subtype of breast cancer with an aggressive phenotype which shows high metastatic capability and poor prognosis. Owing to its intrinsic properties like heterogeneity, lack of hormonal receptors and aggressive phenotype leave chemotherapy as a mainstay for the treatment of TNBC. Various studies have demonstrated that chemotherapy alone or therapeutic drugs targeting TNBC pathways, epigenetic mechanisms and immunotherapy alone have not shown significant improvement in TNBC patients. On the other hand, a combination of therapeutic drugs or addition of chemotherapy with therapeutic drugs has shown substantial improvement in results and proven to be an effective strategy for TNBC treatment. This review sheds light on effective combinational drug strategies and current clinical trial status of various combinatorial drugs for the treatment of TNBC.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Suresh B Pakala
- Biology Division, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Tirupati, Andhra Pradesh, India
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Raafat A, Bargo S, McCurdy D, Callahan R. The ANK repeats of Notch-4/Int3 activate NF-κB canonical pathway in the absence of Rbpj and causes mammary tumorigenesis. Sci Rep 2017; 7:13690. [PMID: 29057904 PMCID: PMC5651869 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-13989-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2017] [Accepted: 09/25/2017] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Transgenic mice expressing the Notch-4 intracellular domain (designated Int3) in the mammary gland have two phenotypes exhibited with 100% penetrance: arrest of mammary alveolar/lobular development and mammary tumorigenesis. Notch-4 signaling is mediated primarily through the interaction of Int3 with the transcription repressor/activator Rbpj. Interestingly, WAP-Int3/Rbpj knockout mice have normal mammary gland development but still developed mammary tumors with a slightly longer latency than the WAP-Int3 mice. Thus, Notch-induced mammary tumor development is Rbpj-independent. Here, we show that Int3 activates NF-κB in HC11 cells in absence of Rbpj through an association with the IKK signalosome. Int3 induced the canonical NF-κB activity and P50 phosphorylation in HC11 cells without altering the NF-κB2 pathway. The minimal domain within the Int3 protein required to activate NF-κB consists of the CDC10/Ankyrin (ANK) repeats domain. Treatment of WAP-Int3 tumor bearing mice with an IKK inhibitor resulted in tumor regression. In a soft agar assay, treatment of HC11-Int3 cells with P50-siRNA caused a significant decrease in colony formation. In addition, Wap-Int3/P50 knockout mice did not develop mammary tumors. This data indicates that the activation of NF-κB canonical signaling by Notch-4/Int3 is ANK repeats dependent, Rbpj-independent, and is mediated by IKK activation and P50 phosphorylation causing mammary tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Raafat
- Basic Research Laboratory, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20814, USA.
| | - Sharon Bargo
- Basic Research Laboratory, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20814, USA
| | - David McCurdy
- Basic Research Laboratory, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20814, USA
| | - Robert Callahan
- Basic Research Laboratory, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20814, USA
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Current Approaches to Diagnosis and Treatment of Ductal Carcinoma In Situ and Future Directions. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE 2017; 151:33-80. [PMID: 29096897 DOI: 10.1016/bs.pmbts.2017.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The presentation and treatment of ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) has changed substantially over the years. While previously an incidental pathologic finding in more advanced, palpable tumors, the institution of screening mammography has repositioned this disease entity as one largely diagnosed as a non-palpable lesion, often prior to any invasive disease. As DCIS is a precursor to invasive carcinoma, evolution in the approach to treatment has followed in the footsteps of that for invasive disease, including breast conservation therapy, adjuvant radiation, and use of antihormonal therapy. Survival outcomes for DCIS are very high and more recent literature has investigated tailoring therapeutic approaches to avoid overtreatment. Two important areas of ongoing clinical debate concerning overtreatment include use of preoperative MRI and the role of adjuvant radiation. The heterogeneity of the disease makes it difficult to differentiate lesions that would benefit from more aggressive treatment from those in which overtreatment could be avoided. Clinical characteristics, such as histologic appearance, age at diagnosis, and margin status at tumor excision have been established as moderate predictors of disease recurrence, but none has provided strong enough evidence as to guide consensus decisions on adjuvant therapy. Continuing research seeks to define the genetic and molecular characteristics that can predict disease course and serve as the potential targets for novel therapeutic agents. While several markers have shown promise in differentiating tumor aggressiveness, there is still much to be discovered about the precise mechanisms of disease progression and how this can be applied clinically to optimize treatment.
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Xiong J, Zhang X, Chen X, Wei Y, Lu DG, Han YW, Xu J, Yu D. Prognostic roles of mRNA expression of notch receptors in non-small cell lung cancer. Oncotarget 2017; 8:13157-13165. [PMID: 28061457 PMCID: PMC5355084 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.14483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2016] [Accepted: 12/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Notch signalling is aberrantly activated in human non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Nevertheless, the prognostic roles of mRNA expression of four Notch receptors in NSCLC patients remain elusive. In this report, we reported the prognostic roles of Notch receptors in a total of 1,926 NSCLC patients through “The Kaplan-Meier plotter” (KM plotter) database which is capable to assess the effect of 22,277 genes on survival of NSCLC patients. We found that mRNA high expression level of Notch1 was associated with better overall survival (OS) for all NSCLC patients, hazard ratio (HR) 0.78 (0.69-0.89), p=0.00019, better OS in adenocarcinoma (Ade) patients, HR 0.59 (0.46-0.75), p=1.5e-05, as well as in squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) patients, HR 0.78 (0.62-0.99), p=0.044. mRNA high expression levels of Notch2 and Notch3 were associated with worsen OS for all NSCLC patients, as well as in Ade, but not in SCC patients. mRNA high expression level of Notch4 was not found to be associated with to OS for all NSCLC patients. In addition, mRNA high expression levels of Notch2, Notch3, but Notch4 are significantly associated with the NSCLC patients who have different smoking status. Our results indicate that mRNA expression of Notch receptors may have distinct prognostic values in NSCLC patients. These results will benefit for developing tools to accurately predict the prognosis of NSCLC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianwen Xiong
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province 330006, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoqiang Zhang
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province 330006, P. R. China
| | - Xianglai Chen
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province 330006, P. R. China
| | - Yiping Wei
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province 330006, P. R. China
| | - De-Guo Lu
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, China
| | - Yun-Wei Han
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, China
| | - Jianjun Xu
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province 330006, P. R. China
| | - Dongliang Yu
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province 330006, P. R. China
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Amey CL, Karnoub AE. Targeting Cancer Stem Cells-A Renewed Therapeutic Paradigm. ONCOLOGY & HEMATOLOGY REVIEW 2017; 13:45-55. [PMID: 33959299 PMCID: PMC8098671 DOI: 10.17925/ohr.2017.13.01.45] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Metastasis is often accompanied by radio- and chemotherapeutic resistance to anticancer treatments and is the major cause of death in cancer patients. Better understanding of how cancer cells circumvent therapeutic insults and how disseminated cancer clones generate life-threatening metastases would therefore be paramount to the development of effective therapeutic approaches for clinical management of malignant disease. Mounting reports over the past two decades have provided evidence for the existence of a minor population of highly malignant cells within liquid and solid tumors, which are capable of self-renewing and of regenerating secondary growths with the heterogeneity of the primary tumors from which they derive. These cells, called tumor-initiating cells or cancer stem cells (CSCs) exhibit increased resistance to standard radio- and chemotherapies and appear to have mechanisms that enable them to evade immune surveillance. CSCs are therefore considered to be responsible for systemic residual disease after cancer therapy, as well as for disease relapse. How CSCs develop, the nature of the interactions they establish with their microenvironment, their phenotypic and functional characteristics, as well as their molecular dependencies have all taken center stage in cancer therapy. Indeed, improved understanding of CSC biology is critical to the development of important CSC-based anti-neoplastic approaches that have the potential to radically improve cancer management. Here, we summarize some of the most pertinent elements regarding CSC development and properties, and highlight some of the clinical modalities in current development as anti-CSC therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Antoine E Karnoub
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Cancer Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, US; Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, US; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, US
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Lin YT, Barske L, DeFalco T, Capel B. Numb regulates somatic cell lineage commitment during early gonadogenesis in mice. Development 2017; 144:1607-1618. [PMID: 28360133 DOI: 10.1242/dev.149203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2017] [Accepted: 03/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
During early gonadogenesis, proliferating cells in the coelomic epithelium (CE) give rise to most of the somatic cells in both XX and XY gonads. Previous dye-labeling experiments showed that a single CE cell could give rise to additional CE cells and to both supporting and interstitial cell lineages, implying that cells in the CE domain are multipotent progenitors, and suggesting that an asymmetric division is involved in the acquisition of gonadal cell fates. We found that NUMB is asymmetrically localized in CE cells, suggesting that it might be involved. To test this hypothesis, we conditionally deleted Numb on a Numbl mutant background just prior to gonadogenesis. Mutant gonads showed a loss of cell polarity in the surface epithelial layers, large interior cell patches expressing the undifferentiated cell marker LHX9, and a loss of differentiated cells in somatic cell lineages. These results indicate that NUMB is necessary for establishing polarity in CE cells, and that asymmetric divisions resulting from CE polarity are required for commitment to differentiated somatic cell fates. Surprisingly, germ cells, which do not arise from the CE, were also affected in mutants, which may be a direct or indirect effect of loss of Numb.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Tzu Lin
- Department of Cell Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Lindsey Barske
- Department of Cell Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Tony DeFalco
- Division of Reproductive Sciences, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Blanche Capel
- Department of Cell Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
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18
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Dandawate PR, Subramaniam D, Jensen RA, Anant S. Targeting cancer stem cells and signaling pathways by phytochemicals: Novel approach for breast cancer therapy. Semin Cancer Biol 2016; 40-41:192-208. [PMID: 27609747 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2016.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 182] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2015] [Revised: 09/01/2016] [Accepted: 09/03/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Breast cancer is the most common form of cancer diagnosed in women worldwide and the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths in the USA. Despite the development of newer diagnostic methods, selective as well as targeted chemotherapies and their combinations, surgery, hormonal therapy, radiotherapy, breast cancer recurrence, metastasis and drug resistance are still the major problems for breast cancer. Emerging evidence suggest the existence of cancer stem cells (CSCs), a population of cells with the capacity to self-renew, differentiate and be capable of initiating and sustaining tumor growth. In addition, CSCs are believed to be responsible for cancer recurrence, anticancer drug resistance, and metastasis. Hence, compounds targeting breast CSCs may be better therapeutic agents for treating breast cancer and control recurrence and metastasis. Naturally occurring compounds, mainly phytochemicals have gained immense attention in recent times because of their wide safety profile, ability to target heterogeneous populations of cancer cells as well as CSCs, and their key signaling pathways. Therefore, in the present review article, we summarize our current understanding of breast CSCs and their signaling pathways, and the phytochemicals that affect these cells including curcumin, resveratrol, tea polyphenols (epigallocatechin-3-gallate, epigallocatechin), sulforaphane, genistein, indole-3-carbinol, 3, 3'-di-indolylmethane, vitamin E, retinoic acid, quercetin, parthenolide, triptolide, 6-shogaol, pterostilbene, isoliquiritigenin, celastrol, and koenimbin. These phytochemicals may serve as novel therapeutic agents for breast cancer treatment and future leads for drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prasad R Dandawate
- Department of Surgery, The University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA; Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, The University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
| | - Dharmalingam Subramaniam
- Department of Surgery, The University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA; Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, The University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA; The University of Kansas Cancer Center, The University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
| | - Roy A Jensen
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA; The University of Kansas Cancer Center, The University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
| | - Shrikant Anant
- Department of Surgery, The University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA; Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, The University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA; The University of Kansas Cancer Center, The University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA.
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Callahan R, Chestnut BA, Raafat A. Original Research: Featured Article: Imatinib mesylate (Gleevec) inhibits Notch and c-Myc signaling: Five-day treatment permanently rescues mammary development. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2016; 242:53-67. [PMID: 27550925 DOI: 10.1177/1535370216665175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2016] [Accepted: 07/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Wap-Int3 transgenic females expressing the Notch4 intracellular domain (designated Int3) from the whey acidic protein promoter exhibit two phenotypes in the mammary gland: blockage of lobuloalveolar development and lactation, and tumor development with 100% penetrance. Previously, we have shown that treatment of Wap-Int3 tumor bearing mice with Imatinib mesylate (Gleevec) is associated with complete regression of the tumor. In the present study, we show that treatment of Wap-Int3 mice during day 1 through day 6 of pregnancy with Gleevec leads to the restoration of their lobuloalveolar development and ability to lactate in subsequent pregnancies in absence of Gleevec treatment. In addition, these mice do not develop mammary tumors. We investigated the mechanism for Gleevec regulation of Notch signaling and found that Gleevec treatment results in a loss of Int3 protein but not of Int3 mRNA in HC11 mouse mammary epithelial cells expressing Int3. The addition of MG-132, a proteasome inhibitor, shows increased ubiquitination of Int3 in the presence of Gleevec. Thus, Gleevec affects the stability of Int3 by promoting the degradation of Int3 via E3 ubiquitin ligases targeting it for the proteasome degradation. Gleevec is a tyrosine kinase inhibitor that acts on c-Kit and PDGFR. Therefore, we investigated the downstream substrate kinase GSK3β to ascertain the possible role that this kinase might play in the stability of Int3. Data show that Gleevec degradation of Int3 is GSK3β dependent. We have expanded our study of the effects Gleevec has on tumorigenesis of other oncogenes. We have found that anchorage-independent growth of HC11-c-Myc cells as well as tumor growth in nude mice is inhibited by Gleevec treatment. As with Int3, Gleevec treatment appears to destabilize the c-Myc protein but not mRNA. These results indicate that Gleevec could be a potential therapeutic drug for patients bearing Notch4 and/or c-Myc positive breast carcinomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Callahan
- Basic Research Laboratory, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
| | - Barry A Chestnut
- Basic Research Laboratory, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
| | - Ahmed Raafat
- Basic Research Laboratory, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
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20
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Zhou X, Teng L, Wang M. Distinct prognostic values of four-Notch-receptor mRNA expression in ovarian cancer. Tumour Biol 2015; 37:6979-85. [PMID: 26662955 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-015-4594-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2015] [Accepted: 12/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Notch signaling pathway includes ligands and Notch receptors, which are frequently deregulated in several human malignancies including ovarian cancer. Aberrant activation of Notch signaling has been linked to ovarian carcinogenesis and progression. In the current study, we used the "Kaplan-Meier plotter" (KM plotter) database, in which updated gene expression data and survival information from a total of 1306 ovarian cancer patients were used to access the prognostic value of four Notch receptors in ovarian cancer patients. Hazard ratio (HR), 95 % confidence intervals, and log-rank P were calculated. Notch1 messenger RNA (mRNA) high expression was not found to be correlated to overall survival (OS) for all ovarian cancer, as well as in serous and endometrioid cancer patients followed for 20 years. However, Notch1 mRNA high expression is significantly associated with worsen OS in TP53 wild-type ovarian cancer patients, while it is significantly associated with better OS in TP53 mutation-type ovarian cancer patients. Notch2 mRNA high expression was found to be significantly correlated to worsen OS for all ovarian cancer patients, as well as in grade II ovarian cancer patients. Notch3 mRNA high expression was found to be significantly correlated to better OS for all ovarian cancer patients, but not in serous cancer patients and endometrioid cancer patients. Notch4 mRNA high expression was not found to be significantly correlated to OS for all ovarian cancer patients, serous cancer patients, and endometrioid cancer patients. These results indicate that there are distinct prognostic values of four Notch receptors in ovarian cancer. This information will be useful for better understanding of the heterogeneity and complexity in the molecular biology of ovarian cancer and for developing tools to more accurately predict their prognosis. Based on our results, Notch1 could be a potential drug target of TP53 wild-type ovarian cancer and Notch2 could be a potential drug target of ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinling Zhou
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second People's Hospital of Liaocheng Affiliated to Taishan Medical College, No. 306 Jiankang Rd, Linqing, 252601, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China.
| | - Lingling Teng
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second People's Hospital of Liaocheng Affiliated to Taishan Medical College, No. 306 Jiankang Rd, Linqing, 252601, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Min Wang
- Department of Pathology, The Second People's Hospital of Liaocheng Affiliated to Taishan Medical College, Linqing, 252601, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China
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21
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Soylu H, Acar N, Ozbey O, Unal B, Koksal IT, Bassorgun I, Ciftcioglu A, Ustunel I. Characterization of Notch Signalling Pathway Members in Normal Prostate, Prostatic Intraepithelial Neoplasia (PIN) and Prostatic Adenocarcinoma. Pathol Oncol Res 2015; 22:87-94. [PMID: 26341090 DOI: 10.1007/s12253-015-9983-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2015] [Accepted: 09/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Prostate Cancer (PCa) holds the second place in terms of cancer-related mortality rate among men. The Notch signalling pathway regulates the proliferation and differentiation in embryonic and adult tissues and determines the cell fate. The body of knowledge in the present literature is currently controversial about the effect of the Notch pathway on prostatic cancer. Therefore, the present study aimed to examine the immunolocalization and expression levels of Notch1-4, Jagged1-2, Delta, HES1 and HES5 from among the members of the Notch signalling pathway in tissues of normal, prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PIN) and malignant prostate. The current study included a sample of 20 patients with localised prostatic adenocarcinoma, 18 patients with high grade PIN (H-PIN) and 18 normal prostatic tissue. Immunolocalisations of Notch1, 2, 3, 4, Jagged1, 2, Delta, HES1 and HES5 were identified through the immunohistochemical method. The findings of the present study showed that all in-scope members of the Notch signalling pathway were localised in PIN structures to a greater extent than in other tissues and from amongst these members, specifically Notch1, Notch4, Jagged1 and HES1 were at more significant levels. Consequently, the findings of the present study may indicate that the Notch signalling pathway can play a role especially in the formation of PIN structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hakan Soylu
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Akdeniz University, Antalya, 07070, Turkey
| | - Nuray Acar
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Akdeniz University, Antalya, 07070, Turkey
| | - Ozlem Ozbey
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Akdeniz University, Antalya, 07070, Turkey
| | - Betul Unal
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Akdeniz University, Antalya, 07070, Turkey
| | - Ismail Turker Koksal
- Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, Akdeniz University, Antalya, 07070, Turkey
| | - Ibrahim Bassorgun
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Akdeniz University, Antalya, 07070, Turkey
| | - Akif Ciftcioglu
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Akdeniz University, Antalya, 07070, Turkey
| | - Ismail Ustunel
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Akdeniz University, Antalya, 07070, Turkey.
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22
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Prognostic values of Notch receptors in breast cancer. Tumour Biol 2015; 37:1871-7. [PMID: 26323259 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-015-3961-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2015] [Accepted: 08/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Notch receptors are frequently deregulated in several human malignancies including human breast cancer. Activation of Notch has been reported to cause mammary carcinomas in mice. However, the prognostic value of individual Notch receptors in breast cancer (BC) patients remains elusive. In the current study, we investigated the prognostic value of Notch receptors in human BC patients. More specifically, we investigated the prognostic value of four Notch receptors in breast cancer patients through "the Kaplan-Meier plotter" (KM plotter) database, in which updated gene expression data and survival information are from a total of 3554 breast cancer patients. Our results showed that Notch1 messenger RNA (mRNA) high expression was correlated to worsen overall survival (OS) in PgR-negative BC patients. Notch2, Notch3, and Notch4 mRNA high expressions were found to be correlated to better OS for all breast cancer patients. Notch2 was also found to be correlated to better OS in lymph node-negative breast cancer patients and HER2-positive breast cancer patients. These results will be useful for better understanding of the heterogeneity and complexity in the molecular biology of breast cancer and for developing tools to more accurately predict their prognosis and design their customized treatment strategies.
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Shao S, Zhao X, Zhang X, Luo M, Zuo X, Huang S, Wang Y, Gu S, Zhao X. Notch1 signaling regulates the epithelial-mesenchymal transition and invasion of breast cancer in a Slug-dependent manner. Mol Cancer 2015; 14:28. [PMID: 25645291 PMCID: PMC4322803 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-015-0295-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 152] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2014] [Accepted: 01/13/2015] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is crucial for the invasion and metastasis of breast cancer. However, how Notch signaling regulates the EMT process and invasion in breast cancer remains largely unknown. METHODS The impact of Notch1 silencing by specific shRNAs on the EMT and invasion of human breast cancer MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cells as well as xenografts was tested by western blot, real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), immunofluorescence, transwell, and immunohistochemistry assays. The effect of Slug silencing or upregulation on the EMT and invasion of breast cancer cells was analyzed, and the effect of Notch1 signaling on Slug expression was determined by the luciferase reporter assay. RESULTS The Notch1 intracellular domain (N1ICD) and Jagged1 were expressed in breast cancer cells. Notch1 silencing reversed the spontaneous EMT process and inhibited the migration and invasion of breast cancer cells and the growth of xenograft breast cancers. The expression of N1ICD was upregulated significantly by Jagged1-mediated Notch signaling activation. Moreover, Jagged1-mediated Notch signaling promoted the EMT process, migration, and invasion of breast cancer cells, which were abrogated by Notch silencing. Furthermore, the N1ICD positively regulated the Slug expression by inducing Slug promoter activation. Importantly, the knockdown of Slug weakened the invasion ability of breast cancer cells and reversed the Jagged1-induced EMT process with significantly decreased expression of vimentin and increased expression of E-cadherin. In addition, Slug overexpression restored the Notch1 knockdown-suppressed EMT process. CONCLUSIONS Our novel data indicate that Notch signaling positively regulates the EMT, invasion, and growth of breast cancer cells by inducing Slug expression. The Notch1-Slug signaling axis may represent a potential therapeutic target for breast cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan Shao
- The Department of Oncology, the First Hospital Affiliated to the School of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, 277 West Yanta Road, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi Province, China.
| | - Xiaoai Zhao
- The Department of Oncology, the First Hospital Affiliated to the School of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, 277 West Yanta Road, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi Province, China.
| | - Xiaojin Zhang
- The Department of Oncology, the First Hospital Affiliated to the School of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, 277 West Yanta Road, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi Province, China.
| | - Minna Luo
- The Department of Oncology, the First Hospital Affiliated to the School of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, 277 West Yanta Road, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi Province, China.
| | - Xiaoxiao Zuo
- The Department of Oncology, the First Hospital Affiliated to the School of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, 277 West Yanta Road, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi Province, China.
| | - Shangke Huang
- The Department of Oncology, the First Hospital Affiliated to the School of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, 277 West Yanta Road, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi Province, China.
| | - Ying Wang
- The Department of Oncology, the First Hospital Affiliated to the School of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, 277 West Yanta Road, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi Province, China.
| | - Shanzhi Gu
- The Department of Forensic Medicine, Medical School, Xi'an Jiaotong University, 76 West Yanta Road, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi Province, China.
| | - Xinhan Zhao
- The Department of Oncology, the First Hospital Affiliated to the School of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, 277 West Yanta Road, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi Province, China.
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Bolós V, Mira E, Martínez-Poveda B, Luxán G, Cañamero M, Martínez-A C, Mañes S, de la Pompa JL. Notch activation stimulates migration of breast cancer cells and promotes tumor growth. Breast Cancer Res 2014; 15:R54. [PMID: 23826634 PMCID: PMC3978930 DOI: 10.1186/bcr3447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2012] [Revised: 05/05/2013] [Accepted: 07/04/2013] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Dysregulated NOTCH receptor activity has been implicated in breast cancer but the mechanisms by which NOTCH contributes to transformation are not yet clear, as it has context-dependent effects on the properties of transformed cells. METHODS We have used various in vitro and in vivo carcinogenic models to analyze the impact of Notch signaling in the onset and progression of breast tumors. RESULTS We found that ectopic expression of the Notch1 intracellular domain (N1ICD) in MCF-7 breast adenocarcinoma cell line caused reduction and delocalization of E-CADHERIN levels and increased migratory and invasive abilities. Notch inhibition in the invasive breast cancer cell line MDA-MB-231 resulted in increased E-CADHERIN expression and a parallel reduction in their invasive capacity. The growth of subcutaneous xenografts produced with MCF-7 cells was boosted after N1ICD induction, in a cell autonomous manner. In vivo Notch1 activation in the mammary gland using the MMTV-Cre driver caused the formation of papillary tumors that showed increased Hes1 and Hey1 expression and delocalized E-cadherin staining. CONCLUSIONS These results confirm NOTCH1 as a signal triggering epithelial-mesenchymal transition in epithelial cancer cells, which may have implications in tumor dissemination, metastasis and proliferation in vivo. The identification of specific factors interacting with NOTCH signaling could thus be relevant to fully understanding the role of NOTCH in breast neoplasia.
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Papa A, Caruso D, Tomao S, Rossi L, Zaccarelli E, Tomao F. Triple-negative breast cancer: investigating potential molecular therapeutic target. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2014; 19:55-75. [PMID: 25307277 DOI: 10.1517/14728222.2014.970176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) makes up about 10 - 20% of all breast cancers and the lack of hormone receptors and human epidermal growth factor receptor-2/Neu expression is responsible for poor prognosis, no targeted therapies and trouble in the clinical management. Tumor heterogeneity, also within the same tumor, is a major cause for this difficulty. Based on the introduction of new biological drugs against different kinds of tumor, many efforts have been made for classification of genetic alterations present in TNBC, leading to the identification of several oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes involved in breast cancer carcinogenesis. AREAS COVERED In this review we investigated the molecular alteration present in TNBC which could lead to the creation of new targeted therapies in the future, with the aim to counteract this disease in the most effective way. EXPERT OPINION In this context some hormone receptors like G-protein-coupled receptor 30 and androgen receptors may be a fascinating area to investigate; also, angiogenesis, represented not only by the classical VEGF/VEGFR relationship, but also by other molecules, like semaphorins, fibroblast growth factor and heparin-binding-EGF-like, is a mechanism in which new developments are expected. In this perspective, one technique that may show promise is the gene therapy; in particular the gene transfer could correct abnormal genetic function in cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anselmo Papa
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Medicine, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Oncology Unit - ICOT, Via Franco Faggiana, 1668, Department of medico-surgical sciences and biotechnologies , Latina , Italy +3907736513342 ;
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Nicastrin and Notch4 drive endocrine therapy resistance and epithelial to mesenchymal transition in MCF7 breast cancer cells. Breast Cancer Res 2014; 16:R62. [PMID: 24919951 PMCID: PMC4095694 DOI: 10.1186/bcr3675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2013] [Accepted: 06/02/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Resistance to anti-estrogen therapies is a major cause of disease relapse and mortality in estrogen receptor alpha (ERα)-positive breast cancers. Tamoxifen or estrogen withdrawal increases the dependence of breast cancer cells on Notch signalling. Here, we investigated the contribution of Nicastrin and Notch signalling in endocrine-resistant breast cancer cells. METHODS We used two models of endocrine therapies resistant (ETR) breast cancer: tamoxifen-resistant (TamR) and long-term estrogen-deprived (LTED) MCF7 cells. We evaluated the migratory and invasive capacity of these cells by Transwell assays. Expression of epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) regulators as well as Notch receptors and targets were evaluated by real-time PCR and western blot analysis. Moreover, we tested in vitro anti-Nicastrin monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) and gamma secretase inhibitors (GSIs) as potential EMT reversal therapeutic agents. Finally, we generated stable Nicastrin overexpessing MCF7 cells and evaluated their EMT features and response to tamoxifen. RESULTS We found that ETR cells acquired an epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) phenotype and displayed increased levels of Nicastrin and Notch targets. Interestingly, we detected higher level of Notch4 but lower levels of Notch1 and Notch2 suggesting a switch to signalling through different Notch receptors after acquisition of resistance. Anti-Nicastrin monoclonal antibodies and the GSI PF03084014 were effective in blocking the Nicastrin/Notch4 axis and partially inhibiting the EMT process. As a result of this, cell migration and invasion were attenuated and the stem cell-like population was significantly reduced. Genetic silencing of Nicastrin and Notch4 led to equivalent effects. Finally, stable overexpression of Nicastrin was sufficient to make MCF7 unresponsive to tamoxifen by Notch4 activation. CONCLUSIONS ETR cells express high levels of Nicastrin and Notch4, whose activation ultimately drives invasive behaviour. Anti-Nicastrin mAbs and GSI PF03084014 attenuate expression of EMT molecules reducing cellular invasiveness. Nicastrin overexpression per se induces tamoxifen resistance linked to acquisition of EMT phenotype. Our finding suggest that targeting Nicastrin and/or Notch4 warrants further clinical evaluation as valid therapeutic strategies in endocrine-resistant breast cancer.
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Zhou W, Wang G, Guo S. Regulation of angiogenesis via Notch signaling in breast cancer and cancer stem cells. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2013; 1836:304-20. [PMID: 24183943 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2013.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2013] [Revised: 10/14/2013] [Accepted: 10/18/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Breast cancer angiogenesis is elicited and regulated by a number of factors including the Notch signaling. Notch receptors and ligands are expressed in breast cancer cells as well as in the stromal compartment and have been implicated in carcinogenesis. Signals exchanged between neighboring cells through the Notch pathway can amplify and consolidate molecular differences, which eventually dictate cell fates. Notch signaling and its crosstalk with many signaling pathways play an important role in breast cancer cell growth, migration, invasion, metastasis and angiogenesis, as well as cancer stem cell (CSC) self-renewal. Therefore, significant attention has been paid in recent years toward the development of clinically useful antagonists of Notch signaling. Better understanding of the structure, function and regulation of Notch intracellular signaling pathways, as well as its complex crosstalk with other oncogenic signals in breast cancer cells will be essential to ensure rational design and application of new combinatory therapeutic strategies. Novel opportunities have emerged from the discovery of Notch crosstalk with inflammatory and angiogenic cytokines and their links to CSCs. Combinatory treatments with drugs designed to prevent Notch oncogenic signal crosstalk may be advantageous over λ secretase inhibitors (GSIs) alone. In this review, we focus on the more recent advancements in our knowledge of aberrant Notch signaling contributing to breast cancer angiogenesis, as well as its crosstalk with other factors contributing to angiogenesis and CSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiqiang Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Microecology of Liaoning Province, Shenyang Medical College, No. 146 North Huanghe St, Huanggu Dis, Shenyang City, Liaoning Pro 110034, PR China.
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Hohn O, Hanke K, Bannert N. HERV-K(HML-2), the Best Preserved Family of HERVs: Endogenization, Expression, and Implications in Health and Disease. Front Oncol 2013; 3:246. [PMID: 24066280 PMCID: PMC3778440 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2013.00246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2013] [Accepted: 09/05/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Retroviruses that have the ability to infect germ line cells can become an integral and inherited part of the host genome. About 8% of the human chromosomal DNA consists of sequences derived from infections by retroviruses that presumably circulated 2-40 millions of years ago, and some elements are actually much older. Post-insertional recombinations, deletions, and mutations have rendered all known human endogenous retroviruses (HERVs) non-infectious. However some, particularly the most recently acquired proviruses of the HERV-K(HML-2) family, can expresses viral proteins and produce viral particles. In this review we will first discuss the major aspects of the endogenization process and peculiarities of the different HERV-K families. We will then focus on the genes and proteins encoded by HERV-K(HML-2) as well as inactivation of these proviruses by postinsertional mutations and their inhibition by antiretroviral factors. After describing the evolutionary interplay between host and endogenous retrovirus we will delve deeper into the currently limited understanding of HERV-K and its possible association with disease, particularly tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver Hohn
- Division for HIV and Other Retroviruses, Robert Koch Institute , Berlin , Germany
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29
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Espinoza I, Pochampally R, Xing F, Watabe K, Miele L. Notch signaling: targeting cancer stem cells and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition. Onco Targets Ther 2013; 6:1249-59. [PMID: 24043949 PMCID: PMC3772757 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s36162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Notch signaling is an evolutionarily conserved pathway involved in cell fate control during development, stem cell self-renewal, and postnatal tissue differentiation. Roles for Notch in carcinogenesis, the biology of cancer stem cells, tumor angiogenesis, and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) have been reported. This review describes the role of Notch in the "stemness" program in cancer cells and in metastases, together with a brief update on the Notch inhibitors currently under investigation in oncology. These agents may be useful in targeting cancer stem cells and to reverse the EMT process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingrid Espinoza
- Cancer Institute, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA
| | - Radhika Pochampally
- Cancer Institute, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA
| | - Fei Xing
- Cancer Institute, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA
| | - Kounosuke Watabe
- Cancer Institute, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA
- Department of Microbiology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA
| | - Lucio Miele
- Cancer Institute, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA
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Yun J, Pannuti A, Espinoza I, Zhu H, Hicks C, Zhu X, Caskey M, Rizzo P, D'Souza G, Backus K, Denning MF, Coon J, Sun M, Bresnick EH, Osipo C, Wu J, Strack PR, Tonetti DA, Miele L. Crosstalk between PKCα and Notch-4 in endocrine-resistant breast cancer cells. Oncogenesis 2013; 2:e60. [PMID: 23917222 PMCID: PMC3759125 DOI: 10.1038/oncsis.2013.26] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2012] [Revised: 06/14/2013] [Accepted: 06/19/2013] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The Notch pathway is functionally important in breast cancer. Notch-1 has been reported to maintain an estrogen-independent phenotype in estrogen receptor α (ERα)+ breast cancer cells. Notch-4 expression correlates with Ki67. Notch-4 also plays a key role in breast cancer stem-like cells. Estrogen-independent breast cancer cell lines have higher Notch activity than estrogen-dependent lines. Protein kinase Cα (PKCα) overexpression is common in endocrine-resistant breast cancers and promotes tamoxifen (TAM)-resistant growth in breast cancer cell lines. We tested whether PKCα overexpression affects Notch activity and whether Notch signaling contributes to endocrine resistance in PKCα-overexpressing breast cancer cells.Analysis of published microarray data from ERα+ breast carcinomas shows that PKCα expression correlates strongly with Notch-4. Real-time reverse transcription PCR and immunohistochemistry on archival specimens confirmed this finding. In a PKCα-overexpressing, TAM-resistant T47D model, PKCα selectively increases Notch-4, but not Notch-1, expression in vitro and in vivo. This effect is mediated by activator protein-1 (AP-1) occupancy of the Notch-4 promoter. Notch-4 knockdown inhibits estrogen-independent growth of PKCα-overexpressing T47D cells, whereas Notch-4IC expression stimulates it. Gene expression profiling shows that multiple genes and pathways associated with endocrine resistance are induced in Notch-4IC- and PKCα-expressing T47D cells. In PKCα-overexpressing T47D xenografts, an orally active γ-secretase inhibitor at clinically relevant doses significantly decreased estrogen-independent tumor growth, alone and in combination with TAM. In conclusion, PKCα overexpression induces Notch-4 through AP-1. Notch-4 promotes estrogen-independent, TAM-resistant growth and activates multiple pathways connected with endocrine resistance and chemoresistance. Notch inhibitors should be clinically evaluated in PKCα- and Notch-4-overexpressing, endocrine-resistant breast cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Yun
- Cardinal Bernardin Cancer Center and Department of Pathology, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL, USA
| | - A Pannuti
- Cancer Institute, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA
| | - I Espinoza
- Cancer Institute, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA
| | - H Zhu
- Cancer Institute, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA
| | - C Hicks
- Cancer Institute, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA
| | - X Zhu
- Cancer Institute, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA
| | - M Caskey
- Cancer Institute, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA
| | - P Rizzo
- Cardinal Bernardin Cancer Center and Department of Pathology, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL, USA
| | - G D'Souza
- Department of Biopharmaceutical Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - K Backus
- Cancer Institute, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA
| | - M F Denning
- Cardinal Bernardin Cancer Center and Department of Pathology, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL, USA
| | - J Coon
- Department of Pathology, Rush University Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - M Sun
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - E H Bresnick
- Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
| | - C Osipo
- Cardinal Bernardin Cancer Center and Department of Pathology, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL, USA
| | - J Wu
- Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
| | - P R Strack
- Merck Research Laboratories, Boston, MA, USA
| | - D A Tonetti
- Department of Biopharmaceutical Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - L Miele
- Cancer Institute, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA
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Abstract
Notch signaling is an evolutionarily conserved cell signaling pathway involved in cell fate during development, stem cell renewal and differentiation in postnatal tissues. Roles for Notch in carcinogenesis, in the biology of cancer stem cells and tumor angiogenesis have been reported. These features identify Notch as a potential therapeutic target in oncology. Based on the molecular structure of Notch receptor, Notch ligands and Notch activators, a set of Notch pathway inhibitors have been developed. Most of these inhibitors had shown anti-tumor effects in preclinical studies. At the same time, the combinatorial effect of these inhibitors with current chemotherapeutical drugs is still under study in different clinical trials. In this review, we describe the basics of Notch signaling and the role of Notch in normal and cancer stem cells as a logic way to develop different Notch inhibitors and their current stage of progress for cancer patient's treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingrid Espinoza
- University of Mississippi, Cancer Institute, Jackson, Mississippi
| | - Lucio Miele
- University of Mississippi, Cancer Institute, Jackson, Mississippi
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Speiser JJ, Erşahin C, Osipo C. The functional role of Notch signaling in triple-negative breast cancer. VITAMINS AND HORMONES 2013; 93:277-306. [PMID: 23810012 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-416673-8.00013-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The term "triple-negative breast cancer" (TNBC) is a heterogeneous subtype of breast cancer. Unfortunately, due to the lack of expression of hormone receptors and human epidermal growth factor receptor-2, therefore the lack of US Food and Drug Administration-approved targeted therapies, TNBC has the worst prognosis of all subtypes of breast cancer. Notch signaling has emerged as a pro-oncogene in several human malignancies and has particularly been associated with the triple-negative subtype of breast cancer. This chapter explores the role of Notch signaling in triple negative and other subtypes of breast cancer, the relationship of Notch with other breast cancer biomarkers, prognostic indicators associated with Notch, and potential therapeutic strategies targeting Notch inhibition. Hopefully, better understanding of this signaling pathway in the future will lead to optimal molecular therapeutic treatments for TNBC patients, improving their quality of life and outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jodi J Speiser
- Department of Pathology, Loyola University Chicago Division of Health Sciences, Maywood, Illinois, USA
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Bessette B, Durand K, Giraud S, Bégaud G, Mathonnet M, Lalloué F. Decrease in Fas-induced apoptosis by the γ-secretase inhibitor is dependent on p75(NTR) in a glioblastoma cell line. Exp Ther Med 2012; 3:873-877. [PMID: 22969985 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2012.480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2011] [Accepted: 01/17/2012] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
p75(NTR), a member of the tumor necrosis factor superfamily, plays a key role in numerous physiological processes, including cell survival or apoptosis. Yet, the associated signaling pathways remain poorly understood. Similar to Notch, γ-secretase cleavage is implicated in the p75(NTR) signaling pathway leading to nuclear translocation of the intracellular domain and cell death. Fas receptor activation was found to promote cell death apoptosis in several cell lines. The goal of this study was to determine the respective role of p75(NTR) and Notch in the resistance to Fas-induced apoptosis in the U-87 MG glioblastoma cell line. Using the γ-secretase inhibitor, we investigated the modulation of Fas-induced apoptosis dependent on p75(NTR)-Fas receptor interaction. Whereas the U-87 MG cells expressed the Fas receptor at the cell membrane, apoptosis induced by Fas activation was decreased by the γ-secretase inhibitor. These data suggest that γ-secretase is implicated in p75(NTR) and Fas interaction leading to cell death signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Bessette
- University of Limoges, EA3842, 'Cellular Homeostasis and Pathology', Faculty of Medicine, 87025 Limoges Cedex
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Ma D, Dong X, Zang S, Ma R, Zhao P, Guo D, Dai J, Chen F, Ye J, Ji C. Aberrant expression and clinical correlation of Notch signaling molecules in breast cancer of Chinese population. Asia Pac J Clin Oncol 2012; 7:385-91. [PMID: 22151989 DOI: 10.1111/j.1743-7563.2011.01433.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Notch signaling molecules play crucial roles in cell proliferation and apoptosis, yet their function in breast cancer remains unclear. METHODS Samples and clinical data from 62 breast cancer patients were collected. After total RNA isolation, reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction was applied to analyze the expression of Notch receptors (Notch1, Notch3 and Notch4) and ligands (DLL4 and JAG1), and their clinical association. Immunohistochemical analysis was used to detect the intracellular domain of Notch1 (Notch1-IC) expression. RESULTS Notch1 was the dominant receptor while DLL4 was the dominant ligand. The Notch molecules expression pattern for infiltrating ductal carcinoma (IDC) was similar to that for infiltrating lobular carcinoma (ILC) except for JAG1, while Notch1 standard coefficients in ILC were statistically higher than that in IDC. Immunohistochemical results showed that Notch1-IC protein expression paralleled the mRNA level. Breast cancer patients' clinical parameters suggested that Notch1 expression was higher in stage II disease and lower in more advanced stages. The Notch3 positive rate was higher in patients with lower levels of Notch1, and the Notch3 positive rate was lower in patients with higher levels of Notch1. No apparent correlation of Notch molecules with estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR) was found. Though high Notch1 and Notch3 RNA levels tended to correlate with c-erbB2 expression, no statistical significance was found. CONCLUSION Notch molecules are useful biomarkers in breast cancer especially for Notch1 and DLL4, and Notch1 is expressed differently in different stages of human breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daoxin Ma
- Department of Hematology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
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Meng M, Zhao XH, Ning Q, Hou L, Xin GH, Liu LF. Tumor stem cells: A new approach for tumor therapy (Review). Oncol Lett 2012; 4:187-193. [PMID: 22844351 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2012.730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2011] [Accepted: 05/15/2012] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent studies have demonstrated the existence of a minority of tumor cells possessing the stem cell properties of self-renewal and differentiation in leukemia and several solid tumors. However, these cells do not possess the normal regulatory mechanisms of stem cells. Following transplantation, they are capable of initiating tumorigenesis and are therefore known as 'tumor stem cells'. Cellular origin analysis of tumor stem cells has resulted in three hypotheses: Embryonal rest hypothesis, anaplasia and maturation arrest. Several signaling pathways which are involved in carcinogenesis, including Wnt/β-catenin, Notch and Oct-4 signaling pathways are crucial in normal stem cell self-renewal decisions, suggesting that breakdown in the regulation of self-renewal may be a key event in the development of tumors. Thus, tumors can be regarded as an abnormal organ in which stem cells have escaped from the normal constraints on self-renewal, thus, leading to abnormally differentiated tumor cells that lose the ability to form tumors. This new model for maligancies has significance for clinical research and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Meng
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Medical School of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
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Hypo- and hyperactivated Notch signaling induce a glycolytic switch through distinct mechanisms. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2011; 108:18814-9. [PMID: 22065781 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1104943108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
A switch from oxidative phosphorylation to glycolysis is frequently observed in cancer cells and is linked to tumor growth and invasion, but the underpinning molecular mechanisms controlling the switch are poorly understood. In this report we show that Notch signaling is a key regulator of cellular metabolism. Both hyper- and hypoactivated Notch induce a glycolytic phenotype in breast tumor cells, although by distinct mechanisms: hyperactivated Notch signaling leads to increased glycolysis through activation of the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/AKT serine/threonine kinase pathway, whereas hypoactivated Notch signaling attenuates mitochondrial activity and induces glycolysis in a p53-dependent manner. Despite the fact that cells with both hyper- and hypoactivated Notch signaling showed enhanced glycolysis, only cells with hyperactivated Notch promoted aggressive tumor growth in a xenograft mouse model. This phenomenon may be explained by that only Notch-hyperactivated, but not -hypoactivated, cells retained the capacity to switch back to oxidative phosphorylation. In conclusion, our data reveal a role for Notch in cellular energy homeostasis, and show that Notch signaling is required for metabolic flexibility.
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Wu W, Sun XH. A mechanism underlying NOTCH-induced and ubiquitin-mediated JAK3 degradation. J Biol Chem 2011; 286:41153-41162. [PMID: 21969365 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m111.273755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Although NOTCH signaling is well known to regulate lymphopoiesis, Janus kinase 3 (JAK3) also plays a critical role in promoting lymphocyte development. We have previously found that NOTCH signaling leads to the degradation of JAK3 in B lineage cells, suggesting that NOTCH signaling exerts its biological effect on lymphopoiesis through modulating JAK3 levels. Here, we delineate the biochemical mechanisms involved in NOTCH-induced JAK3 ubiquitination and degradation. NOTCH signaling is known to transcriptionally activate the genes encoding ASB2 (ankyrin-repeat SOCS box containing protein 2) and SKP2 (S-phase kinase-associated protein 2). We show that not only NOTCH but also ASB2 and SKP2 can promote the ubiquitination and degradation of JAK3. Both ASB2 and SKP2 can interact with JAK3 through different domains; the FERM and pseudo-kinase domains each had high affinities for ASB2, whereas the kinase domain primarily associated with SKP2. ASB2 and SKP2 previously have been shown to associate with each other to bridge the formation of a non-canonical Cullin1 and Cullin5-containing dimeric E3 ligase complex. Interestingly, the R980W mutant of JAK3 exhibited diminished interaction with SKP2 and resistance to NOTCH or ASB2-induced degradation. Furthermore, dominant-negative mutants of either Cullin1 or Cullin5, which lack the C terminus responsible for recruiting the E2 enzymes, were able to prevent JAK3 degradation induced by both ASB2/SKP2 and NOTCH signaling. Together, these results suggest that JAK3 ubiquitination involves the non-canonical dimeric E3 ligase complex, and the R980W mutant will serve as an excellent tool for investigating the biological significance of NOTCH-mediated JAK3 turnover.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wu
- Immunobiology and Cancer Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma 73104; Department of Cell Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma 73104
| | - Xiao-Hong Sun
- Immunobiology and Cancer Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma 73104; Department of Cell Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma 73104.
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Pandya K, Meeke K, Clementz AG, Rogowski A, Roberts J, Miele L, Albain KS, Osipo C. Targeting both Notch and ErbB-2 signalling pathways is required for prevention of ErbB-2-positive breast tumour recurrence. Br J Cancer 2011; 105:796-806. [PMID: 21847123 PMCID: PMC3171020 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2011.321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2011] [Revised: 07/12/2011] [Accepted: 07/18/2011] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND We reported that Notch-1, a potent breast oncogene, is activated in response to trastuzumab and contributes to trastuzumab resistance in vitro. We sought to determine the preclinical benefit of combining a Notch inhibitor (γ-secretase inhibitor (GSI)) and trastuzumab in both trastuzumab-sensitive and trastuzumab-resistant, ErbB-2-positive, BT474 breast tumours in vivo. We also studied if the combination therapy of lapatinib plus GSI can induce tumour regression of ErbB-2-positive breast cancer. METHODS We generated orthotopic breast tumour xenografts from trastuzumab- or lapatinib-sensitive and trastuzumab-resistant BT474 cells. We investigated the antitumour activities of two distinct GSIs, LY 411 575 and MRK-003, in vivo. RESULTS Our findings showed that combining trastuzumab plus a GSI completely prevented (MRK-003 GSI) or significantly reduced (LY 411 575 GSI) breast tumour recurrence post-trastuzumab treatment in sensitive tumours. Moreover, combining lapatinib plus MRK-003 GSI showed significant reduction of tumour growth. Furthermore, a GSI partially reversed trastuzumab resistance in resistant tumours. CONCLUSION Our data suggest that a combined inhibition of Notch and ErbB-2 signalling pathways could decrease recurrence rates for ErbB-2-positive breast tumours and may be beneficial in the treatment of recurrent trastuzumab-resistant disease.
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MESH Headings
- Amyloid Precursor Protein Secretases/antagonists & inhibitors
- Amyloid Precursor Protein Secretases/therapeutic use
- Animals
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/therapeutic use
- Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized
- Breast Neoplasms/drug therapy
- Breast Neoplasms/genetics
- Breast Neoplasms/pathology
- Breast Neoplasms/prevention & control
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Cyclic S-Oxides/pharmacology
- Drug Resistance, Neoplasm
- Female
- Gene Targeting
- Genes, erbB
- Genes, erbB-2
- Humans
- Lapatinib
- Mice
- Mice, Nude
- Neoplasm Transplantation
- Quinazolines/administration & dosage
- Receptor, ErbB-2/metabolism
- Receptors, Notch/antagonists & inhibitors
- Receptors, Notch/genetics
- Recurrence
- Signal Transduction/drug effects
- Thiadiazoles/pharmacology
- Trastuzumab
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Affiliation(s)
- K Pandya
- Molecular Biology Program, Loyola University Chicago, 2160 South First Avenue, Maywood, IL 60153, USA
| | - K Meeke
- Oncology Institute, Stritch School of Medicine at Loyola University Medical Center, 2160 South First Avenue, Maywood, IL 60153, USA
| | - A G Clementz
- Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry Program, Loyola University Chicago, 2160 South First Avenue, Maywood, IL 60153, USA
| | - A Rogowski
- Molecular Biology Program, Loyola University Chicago, 2160 South First Avenue, Maywood, IL 60153, USA
| | - J Roberts
- Oncology Institute, Stritch School of Medicine at Loyola University Medical Center, 2160 South First Avenue, Maywood, IL 60153, USA
| | - L Miele
- University of Mississippi Cancer Institute, 350 Woodrow Wilson Drive, Suite 600, Jackson, MS 39213, USA
| | - K S Albain
- Department of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, 2160 South First Avenue, Maywood, IL 60153, USA
| | - C Osipo
- Molecular Biology Program, Loyola University Chicago, 2160 South First Avenue, Maywood, IL 60153, USA
- Oncology Institute, Stritch School of Medicine at Loyola University Medical Center, 2160 South First Avenue, Maywood, IL 60153, USA
- Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry Program, Loyola University Chicago, 2160 South First Avenue, Maywood, IL 60153, USA
- Department of Pathology, 2160 South First Avenue, Maywood, IL 60153, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, 2160 South First Avenue, Maywood, IL 60153, USA
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Knight BB, Oprea-Ilies GM, Nagalingam A, Yang L, Cohen C, Saxena NK, Sharma D. Survivin upregulation, dependent on leptin-EGFR-Notch1 axis, is essential for leptin-induced migration of breast carcinoma cells. Endocr Relat Cancer 2011; 18:413-28. [PMID: 21555376 PMCID: PMC3361735 DOI: 10.1530/erc-11-0075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Obese breast cancer patients exhibit a higher risk for larger tumor burden and an increased likelyhood of metastasis. The molecular effects of obesity on carcinogenesis are mediated by the autocrine and paracrine effects of the adipocytokine leptin. Leptin participates in the tumor progression and metastasis of human breast. We show that leptin induces clonogenicity and increases the migration potential of breast cancer cells. We found that survivin expression is induced in response to leptin. In this study, we examine the role and leptin-mediated regulation of survivin. Leptin treatment leads to survivin upregulation, due in part to the activation of Notch1 and the release of a transcriptionally active Notch1 intracellular domain (NICD). Chromatin immunoprecipitation analysis shows that NICD gets recruited to the survivin promoter at the CSL (CBF1/RBP-Jk, Su(H), Lag-1) binding site in response to leptin treatment. Inhibition of Notch1 activity inhibits leptin-induced survivin upregulation. Leptin-induced transactivation of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is involved in leptin-mediated Notch1 and survivin upregulation, demonstrating a novel upstream role of leptin-EGFR-Notch1 axis. We further show that leptin-induced migration of breast cancer cells requires survivin, as overexpression of survivin further increases, whereas silencing survivin abrogates leptin-induced migration. Using a pharmacological approach to inhibit survivin, we show that 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme-A-reductase inhibitors, such as lovastatin, can effectively inhibit leptin-induced survivin expression and migration. Importantly, leptin increased breast tumor growth in nude mice. These data show a novel role for survivin in leptin-induced migration and put forth pharmacological survivin inhibition as a potential novel therapeutic strategy. This conclusion is supported by in vivo data showing the overexpression of leptin and survivin in epithelial cells of high-grade ductal carcinomas in situ and in high-grade invasive carcinomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brandi B. Knight
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta GA 30322
| | - Gabriela M. Oprea-Ilies
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta GA 30322
| | - Arumugam Nagalingam
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta GA 30322
| | - Lily Yang
- Emory Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta GA 30322
- Department of Surgery, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta GA 30322
| | - Cynthia Cohen
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta GA 30322
| | - Neeraj K. Saxena
- Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore MD 21201
- Address correspondence to: Dipali Sharma, 1650 Orleans Street, CRB 1, Rm 145 Baltimore, MD 21231 Office: 410-455-1345 FAX: 410-614-4073 & Neeraj K. Saxena, 22 S. Greene Street, Baltimore, MD 21201. Tel.410-706-6949
| | - Dipali Sharma
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine and the Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins, Baltimore MD 21231
- Address correspondence to: Dipali Sharma, 1650 Orleans Street, CRB 1, Rm 145 Baltimore, MD 21231 Office: 410-455-1345 FAX: 410-614-4073 & Neeraj K. Saxena, 22 S. Greene Street, Baltimore, MD 21201. Tel.410-706-6949
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40
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Raafat A, Goldhar AS, Klauzinska M, Xu K, Amirjazil I, McCurdy D, Lashin K, Salomon D, Vonderhaar BK, Egan S, Callahan R. Expression of Notch receptors, ligands, and target genes during development of the mouse mammary gland. J Cell Physiol 2011; 226:1940-52. [PMID: 21506125 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.22526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Notch genes play a critical role in mammary gland growth, development and tumorigenesis. In the present study, we have quantitatively determined the levels and mRNA expression patterns of the Notch receptor genes, their ligands and target genes in the postnatal mouse mammary gland. The steady state levels of Notch3 mRNA are the highest among receptor genes, Jagged1 and Dll3 mRNA levels are the highest among ligand genes and Hey2 mRNA levels are highest among expressed Hes/Hey target genes analyzed during different stages of postnatal mammary gland development. Using an immunohistochemical approach with antibodies specific for each Notch receptor, we show that Notch proteins are temporally regulated in mammary epithelial cells during normal mammary gland development in the FVB/N mouse. The loss of ovarian hormones is associated with changes in the levels of Notch receptor mRNAs (Notch2 higher and Notch3 lower) and ligand mRNAs (Dll1 and Dll4 are higher, whereas Dll3 and Jagged1 are lower) in the mammary gland of ovariectomized mice compared to intact mice. These data define expression of the Notch ligand/receptor system throughout development of the mouse mammary gland and help set the stage for genetic analysis of Notch in this context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Raafat
- Mammary Biology and Tumorigenesis Laboratory, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
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41
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NOTCH-1 and NOTCH-4 are novel gene targets of PEA3 in breast cancer: novel therapeutic implications. Breast Cancer Res 2011; 13:R63. [PMID: 21679465 PMCID: PMC3218952 DOI: 10.1186/bcr2900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2011] [Revised: 05/03/2011] [Accepted: 06/14/2011] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Women with triple-negative breast cancer have the worst prognosis, frequently present with metastatic tumors and have few targeted therapy options. Notch-1 and Notch-4 are potent breast oncogenes that are overexpressed in triple-negative and other subtypes of breast cancer. PEA3, an ETS transcription factor, is also overexpressed in triple-negative and other breast cancer subtypes. We investigated whether PEA3 could be the critical transcriptional activator of Notch receptors in MDA-MB-231 and other breast cancer cells. Methods Real-time PCR and Western blot analysis were performed to detect Notch-1, Notch-2, Notch-3 and Notch-4 receptor expression in breast cancer cells when PEA3 was knocked down by siRNA. Chromatin immunoprecipitation was performed to identify promoter regions for Notch genes that recruited PEA3. TAM-67 and c-Jun siRNA were used to identify that c-Jun was necessary for PEA3 enrichment on the Notch-4 promoter. A Notch-4 luciferase reporter was used to confirm that endogenous PEA3 or AP-1 activated the Notch-4 promoter region. Cell cycle analysis, trypan blue exclusion, annexin V flow cytometry, colony formation assay and an in vivo xenograft study were performed to determine the biological significance of targeting PEA3 via siRNA, Notch signaling via a γ-secretase inhibitor, or both. Results Herein we provide new evidence for transcriptional regulation of Notch by PEA3 in breast cancer. PEA3 activates Notch-1 transcription in MCF-7, MDA-MB-231 and SKBr3 breast cancer cells. PEA3 activates Notch-4 transcription in MDA-MB-231 cells where PEA3 levels are endogenously high. In SKBr3 and BT474 breast cancer cells where PEA3 levels are low, overexpression of PEA3 increases Notch-4 transcripts. Chromatin immunoprecipitation confirmed the enrichment of PEA3 on Notch-1 and Notch-4 promoters in MDA-MB-231 cells. PEA3 recruitment to Notch-1 was AP-1-independent, whereas PEA3 recruitment to Notch-4 was c-JUN-dependent. Importantly, the combined inhibition of Notch signaling via a γ-secretase inhibitor (MRK-003 GSI) and knockdown of PEA3 arrested growth in the G1 phase, decreased both anchorage-dependent and anchorage-independent growth and significantly increased apoptotic cells in vitro. Moreover, either PEA3 knockdown or MRK-003 GSI treatment significantly reduced tumor growth of MDA-MB-231 xenografts in vivo. Conclusions Taken together, the results from this study demonstrate for the first time that Notch-1 and Notch-4 are novel transcriptional targets of PEA3 in breast cancer cells. Targeting of PEA3 and/or Notch pathways might provide a new therapeutic strategy for triple-negative and possibly other breast cancer subtypes.
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42
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Guo S, Liu M, Gonzalez-Perez RR. Role of Notch and its oncogenic signaling crosstalk in breast cancer. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2010; 1815:197-213. [PMID: 21193018 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2010.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2010] [Revised: 12/15/2010] [Accepted: 12/17/2010] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The Notch signaling plays a key role in cell differentiation, survival, and proliferation through diverse mechanisms. Notch signaling is also involved in vasculogenesis and angiogenesis. Moreover, Notch expression is regulated by hypoxia and inflammatory cytokines (IL-1, IL-6 and leptin). Entangled crosstalk between Notch and other developmental signaling (Hedgehog and Wnt), and signaling triggered by growth factors, estrogens and oncogenic kinases, could impact on Notch targeted genes. Thus, alterations of the Notch signaling can lead to a variety of disorders, including human malignancies. Notch signaling is activated by ligand binding, followed by ADAM/tumor necrosis factor-α-converting enzyme (TACE) metalloprotease and γ-secretase cleavages that produce the Notch intracellular domain (NICD). Translocation of NICD into the nucleus induces the transcriptional activation of Notch target genes. The relationships between Notch deregulated signaling, cancer stem cells and the carcinogenesis process reinforced by Notch crosstalk with many oncogenic signaling pathways suggest that Notch signaling may be a critical drug target for breast and other cancers. Since current status of knowledge in this field changes quickly, our insight should be continuously revised. In this review, we will focus on recent advancements in identification of aberrant Notch signaling in breast cancer and the possible underlying mechanisms, including potential role of Notch in breast cancer stem cells, tumor angiogenesis, as well as its crosstalk with other oncogenic signaling pathways in breast cancer. We will also discuss the prognostic value of Notch proteins and therapeutic potential of targeting Notch signaling for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanchun Guo
- Microbiology, Biochemistry and Immunology, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30310, USA
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43
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Transforming acidic coiled-coil protein-3 (Tacc3) acts as a negative regulator of Notch signaling through binding to CDC10/Ankyrin repeats. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2010; 400:606-12. [PMID: 20804727 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2010.08.111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2010] [Accepted: 08/25/2010] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
We have identified the transforming acidic coiled-coil protein-3 (Tacc3) as a binding partner for Notch4/Int3 and were able to show that it binds to the intracellular domain (ICD) of all members of the Notch receptor family. Members of the Tacc family reside at the centrosomes and associates with microtubules. Recent studies suggest that Tacc3 also contributes to the regulation of gene transcription. Tacc3 specifically interacts with the Notch4/Int3 CDC10/Ankyrin repeats and to a lesser extent, with residues C-terminal to these repeats in the ICD. Dual label immunofluorescence of mouse mammary tissue shows Tacc3 co-localizes with the Notch3 ICD. Co-immunoprecipitation of endogenous Notch and Tacc3 proteins from NIH3T3 cell extracts, lung and mammary gland confirms that these two proteins interact under physiological conditions. In addition, knock down of Tacc3 in NIH3T3 cells leads to the up-regulation of Hey2, a target gene for Notch signaling. The affinity of Tacc3 binding to Notch4/Int3 ICD is similar to that between Rbpj and Notch4/Int3 ICD. Notch4/Int3 ICD-Tacc3 interaction results in the inhibition of transcription from a Hes1-Luciferase reporter vector in COS-1 cells. The inhibition was reversed in these cells by increasing the levels of Rbpj. Taken together, these results suggest that Tacc3 is a negative regulator of the Notch signaling pathway.
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44
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Zhang J, Chen YH, Lu Q. Pro-oncogenic and anti-oncogenic pathways: opportunities and challenges of cancer therapy. Future Oncol 2010; 6:587-603. [PMID: 20373871 DOI: 10.2217/fon.10.15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Carcinogenesis is the uncontrolled growth of cells gaining the potential to invade and disrupt vital tissue functions. This malignant process includes the occurrence of 'unwanted' gene mutations that induce the transformation of normal cells, for example, by overactivation of pro-oncogenic pathways and inactivation of tumor-suppressive or anti-oncogenic pathways. It is now recognized that the number of major signaling pathways that control oncogenesis is not unlimited; therefore, suppressing these pathways can conceivably lead to a cancer cure. However, the clinical application of cancer intervention has not matched up to scientific expectations. Increasing numbers of studies have revealed that many oncogenic-signaling elements show double faces, in which they can promote or suppress cancer pathogenesis depending on tissue type, cancer stage, gene dosage and their interaction with other players in carcinogenesis. This complexity of oncogenic signaling poses challenges to traditional cancer therapy and calls for considerable caution when designing an anticancer drug strategy. We propose future oncology interventions with the concept of integrative cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiao Zhang
- Department of Anatomy & Cell Biology, The Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27834, USA
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45
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Lindsay J, Jiao X, Sakamaki T, Casimiro MC, Shirley LA, Tran TH, Ju X, Liu M, Li Z, Wang C, Katiyar S, Rao M, Allen KG, Glazer RI, Ge C, Stanley P, Lisanti MP, Rui H, Pestell RG. ErbB2 induces Notch1 activity and function in breast cancer cells. Clin Transl Sci 2010; 1:107-15. [PMID: 20443831 DOI: 10.1111/j.1752-8062.2008.00041.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The ErbB2 (Her2/neu epidermal growth receptor family) oncogene is overexpressed in 30% to 40% of human breast cancers. Cyclin D1 is the regulatory subunit of the holoenzyme that phosphorylates and inactivates the retinoblastoma (pRb) tumor suppressor and is an essential downstream target of ErbB2-induced tumor growth. Herein, we demonstrate that ErbB2 induces the activity of the Notch signaling pathway. ErbB2 induction of DNA synthesis, contact-independent growth, and mammosphere induction required Notch1. ErbB2-induced cyclin D1 and cyclin D1 expression was suficient to induce Notch1 activity, and conversely, genetic deletion of Notch1 in mammary epithelial cells using foxed Notch (Notch(fl/fl)) mice demonstrated that cyclin D1 is induced by Notch1. Genetic deletion of cyclin D1 or small interfering RNA (siRNA) to cyclin D1-reduced Notch1 activity and reintroduction of cyclin D1 into cyclin D1-deficient cells restored Notch1 activity through the inhibition of Numb, an endogenous inhibitor of Notch1 activity. Thus, cyclin D1 functions downstream as a genetic target of Notch1, amplifies Notch1 activity by repressing Numb, and identifies a novel pathway by which ErbB2 induces Notch1 activity via the induction of cyclin D1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaime Lindsay
- Department of Cancer Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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Li Y, Burns JA, Cheney CA, Zhang N, Vitelli S, Wang F, Bett A, Chastain M, Audoly LP, Zhang ZQ. Distinct expression profiles of Notch-1 protein in human solid tumors: Implications for development of targeted therapeutic monoclonal antibodies. Biologics 2010; 4:163-71. [PMID: 20631820 PMCID: PMC2898104 DOI: 10.2147/btt.s11021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2010] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Biological therapies, such as monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) that target tumor-associated antigens have been considered an effective therapeutic approach in oncology. In considering Notch-1 receptor as a potential target, we performed immunohistochemistry on tissue microarrays to determine 1) whether the receptor is overexpressed in tumor cells as compared to their corresponding normal tissues and 2) the clinical significance of its expression levels in human breast, colorectal, lung and prostate cancers. We found that the expression of Notch-1 protein was overexpressed in primary colorectal adenocarcinoma and nonsmall cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC), but not in primary ductal breast carcinoma or prostate adenocarcinoma. Further analysis revealed that higher levels of Notch-1 protein expression were significantly associated with poorer differentiation of breast and prostate tumors. Strikingly, for NSCLC, the expression levels of Notch-1 protein were found to be inversely correlated with tumor differentiation and progression. For colorectal tumors, however, no correlation of Notch-1 protein expression was found with any tumor clinicopathological parameters, in spite of its overexpression in tumor cells. Our data demonstrated the complexity of Notch-1 protein expression in human solid tumors and further supported the notion that the roles of Notch-1 expression in tumorigenesis are highly context-dependent. The findings could provide the basis for development of distinct therapeutic strategies of Notch-1 mAbs for its applications in the treatment of suitable types of human cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Li
- Department of Biologics Research
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47
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Peng X, Pentassuglia L, Sawyer DB. Emerging anticancer therapeutic targets and the cardiovascular system: is there cause for concern? Circ Res 2010; 106:1022-34. [PMID: 20360265 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.109.211276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The race for a cure to cancer continues, fueled by unprecedented discoveries of fundamental biology underlying carcinogenesis and tumorigenesis. The expansion of the target list and tools to approach them is moving the oncology community extraordinarily rapidly to clinical trials, bringing new hope for cancer patients. This effort is also propelling biological discoveries in cardiovascular research, because many of the targets being explored in cancer play fundamental roles in the heart and vasculature. The combined efforts of cardiovascular and cancer biologists, along with clinical investigators in these fields, will be needed to understand how to safely exploit these efforts. Here, we discuss a few of the many research foci in oncology where we believe such collaboration will be particularly important.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuyang Peng
- Cardiovascular Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, PRB 359B Pierce Ave., Nashville, TN 37232, USA.
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48
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Clementz AG, Osipo C. Notch versus the proteasome: what is the target of gamma-secretase inhibitor-I? Breast Cancer Res 2010; 11:110. [PMID: 19849815 PMCID: PMC2790851 DOI: 10.1186/bcr2407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
gamma-Secretase inhibitors are new anti-cancer agents targeting Notch signaling. Their specificity for Notch is as yet unclear. Han and colleagues investigated the effects of Z-LeuLeuNleu-CHO on growth of breast cancer cells. The results demonstrated a reduction in cell viability primarily via proteasome inhibition independent of Notch activity. Currently, gamma-secretase inhibitors in clinical trials are structurally distinct from Z-LeuLeuNleu-CHO. Their effects on the proteasome are yet to be determined. However, findings from Han and colleagues pose two critical questions: Is the level of proteasomal activity in breast tumors the driving force for growth? What does the Notch pathway contribute to this growth?
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49
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Klopp AH, Woodward WA. Therapeutic strategies to eliminate breast cancer stem cells. CURRENT BREAST CANCER REPORTS 2009. [DOI: 10.1007/s12609-009-0031-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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50
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Notch-1 activates estrogen receptor-alpha-dependent transcription via IKKalpha in breast cancer cells. Oncogene 2009; 29:201-13. [PMID: 19838210 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2009.323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Approximately 80% of breast cancers express the estrogen receptor-alpha (ERalpha) and are treated with anti-estrogens. Resistance to these agents is a major cause of mortality. We have shown that estrogen inhibits Notch, whereas anti-estrogens or estrogen withdrawal activate Notch signaling. Combined inhibition of Notch and estrogen signaling has synergistic effects in ERalpha-positive breast cancer models. However, the mechanisms whereby Notch-1 promotes the growth of ERalpha-positive breast cancer cells are unknown. Here, we demonstrate that Notch-1 increases the transcription of ERalpha-responsive genes in the presence or absence of estrogen via a novel chromatin crosstalk mechanism. Our data support a model in which Notch-1 can activate the transcription of ERalpha-target genes via IKKalpha-dependent cooperative chromatin recruitment of Notch-CSL-MAML1 transcriptional complexes (NTC) and ERalpha, which promotes the recruitment of p300. CSL binding elements frequently occur in close proximity to estrogen-responsive elements (EREs) in the human and mouse genomes. Our observations suggest that a hitherto unknown Notch-1/ERalpha chromatin crosstalk mediates Notch signaling effects in ERalpha-positive breast cancer cells and contributes to regulate the transcriptional functions of ERalpha itself.
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