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Luo JS, Zhai WH, Ding LL, Zhang XJ, Han J, Ning JQ, Chen XM, Jiang WC, Yan RY, Chen MJ. MAMs and Mitochondrial Quality Control: Overview and Their Role in Alzheimer's Disease. Neurochem Res 2024; 49:2682-2698. [PMID: 39002091 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-024-04205-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2024] [Revised: 06/20/2024] [Accepted: 07/02/2024] [Indexed: 07/15/2024]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) represents the most widespread neurodegenerative disorder, distinguished by a gradual onset and slow progression, presenting a substantial challenge to global public health. The mitochondrial-associated membrane (MAMs) functions as a crucial center for signal transduction and material transport between mitochondria and the endoplasmic reticulum, playing a pivotal role in various pathological mechanisms of AD. The dysregulation of mitochondrial quality control systems is considered a fundamental factor in the development of AD, leading to mitochondrial dysfunction and subsequent neurodegenerative events. Recent studies have emphasized the role of MAMs in regulating mitochondrial quality control. This review will delve into the molecular mechanisms underlying the imbalance in mitochondrial quality control in AD and provide a comprehensive overview of the role of MAMs in regulating mitochondrial quality control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Sheng Luo
- Department of Anesthesiology, Deyang People's Hospital, Deyang, 618000, China
| | - Wen-Hu Zhai
- Department of Anesthesiology, Deyang People's Hospital, Deyang, 618000, China
| | - Ling-Ling Ding
- Department of Anesthesiology, Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100010, China.
| | - Xian-Jie Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Deyang People's Hospital, Deyang, 618000, China
| | - Jia Han
- Department of Anesthesiology, Deyang People's Hospital, Deyang, 618000, China
| | - Jia-Qi Ning
- Department of Anesthesiology, Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100010, China
| | - Xue-Meng Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, Deyang People's Hospital, Deyang, 618000, China
| | - Wen-Cai Jiang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Deyang People's Hospital, Deyang, 618000, China
| | - Ru-Yu Yan
- Department of Anesthesiology, Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100010, China
| | - Meng-Jie Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100010, China
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2
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Hussain M, Khan I, Chaudhary MN, Ali K, Mushtaq A, Jiang B, Zheng L, Pan Y, Hu J, Zou X. Phosphatidylserine: A comprehensive overview of synthesis, metabolism, and nutrition. Chem Phys Lipids 2024; 264:105422. [PMID: 39097133 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphyslip.2024.105422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2024] [Revised: 07/21/2024] [Accepted: 07/29/2024] [Indexed: 08/05/2024]
Abstract
Phosphatidylserine (PtdS) is classified as a glycerophospholipid and a primary anionic phospholipid and is particularly abundant in the inner leaflet of the plasma membrane in neural tissues. It is synthesized from phosphatidylcholine or phosphatidylethanolamine by exchanging the base head group with serine, and this reaction is catalyzed by PtdS synthase-1 and PtdS synthase-2 located in the endoplasmic reticulum. PtdS exposure on the outside surface of the cell is essential for eliminating apoptotic cells and initiating the blood clotting cascade. It is also a precursor of phosphatidylethanolamine, produced by PtdS decarboxylase in bacteria, yeast, and mammalian cells. Furthermore, PtdS acts as a cofactor for several necessary enzymes that participate in signaling pathways. Beyond these functions, several studies indicate that PtdS plays a role in various cerebral functions, including activating membrane signaling pathways, neuroinflammation, neurotransmission, and synaptic refinement associated with the central nervous system (CNS). This review discusses the occurrence of PtdS in nature and biosynthesis via enzymes and genes in plants, yeast, prokaryotes, mammalian cells, and the brain, and enzymatic synthesis through phospholipase D (PLD). Furthermore, we discuss metabolism, its role in the CNS, the fortification of foods, and supplementation for improving some memory functions, the results of which remain unclear. PtdS can be a potentially beneficial addition to foods for kids, seniors, athletes, and others, especially with the rising consumer trend favoring functional foods over conventional pills and capsules. Clinical studies have shown that PtdS is safe and well tolerated by patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mudassar Hussain
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, National Engineering Research Center of Cereal Fermentation and Food Biomanufacturing, Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Imad Khan
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, National Engineering Research Center of Cereal Fermentation and Food Biomanufacturing, Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Muneeba Naseer Chaudhary
- Integrative Science Center of Germplasm Creation in Western China (CHONGQING) Science City/College of Food Science, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Khubaib Ali
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, National Engineering Research Center of Cereal Fermentation and Food Biomanufacturing, Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Anam Mushtaq
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, National Engineering Research Center of Cereal Fermentation and Food Biomanufacturing, Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Bangzhi Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, National Engineering Research Center of Cereal Fermentation and Food Biomanufacturing, Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Lei Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, National Engineering Research Center of Cereal Fermentation and Food Biomanufacturing, Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Yuechao Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, National Engineering Research Center of Cereal Fermentation and Food Biomanufacturing, Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Jijie Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, National Engineering Research Center of Cereal Fermentation and Food Biomanufacturing, Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Xiaoqiang Zou
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, National Engineering Research Center of Cereal Fermentation and Food Biomanufacturing, Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China.
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Qiang RR, Xiang Y, Zhang L, Bai XY, Zhang D, Li YJ, Yang YL, Liu XL. Ferroptosis: A new strategy for targeting Alzheimer's disease. Neurochem Int 2024; 178:105773. [PMID: 38789042 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2024.105773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2024] [Revised: 05/09/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by a complex pathogenesis, which involves the formation of amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles. Many recent studies have revealed a close association between ferroptosis and the pathogenesis of AD. Factors such as ferroptosis-associated iron overload, lipid peroxidation, disturbances in redox homeostasis, and accumulation of reactive oxygen species have been found to contribute to the pathological progression of AD. In this review, we explore the mechanisms underlying ferroptosis, describe the link between ferroptosis and AD, and examine the reported efficacy of ferroptosis inhibitors in treating AD. Finally, we discuss the potential challenges to ferroptosis inhibitors use in the clinic, enabling their faster use in clinical treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yang Xiang
- College of Physical Education, Yan'an University, Shaanxi, 716000, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- School of Medicine, Yan'an University, Yan'an, China
| | - Xin Yue Bai
- School of Medicine, Yan'an University, Yan'an, China
| | - Die Zhang
- School of Medicine, Yan'an University, Yan'an, China
| | - Yang Jing Li
- School of Medicine, Yan'an University, Yan'an, China
| | - Yan Ling Yang
- School of Medicine, Yan'an University, Yan'an, China
| | - Xiao Long Liu
- School of Medicine, Yan'an University, Yan'an, China.
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Simard M, Mélançon K, Berthiaume L, Tremblay C, Pshevorskiy L, Julien P, Rajput AH, Rajput A, Calon F. Postmortem Fatty Acid Abnormalities in the Cerebellum of Patients with Essential Tremor. CEREBELLUM (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2024:10.1007/s12311-024-01736-4. [PMID: 39215908 DOI: 10.1007/s12311-024-01736-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/21/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
Fatty acids play many critical roles in brain function but have not been investigated in essential tremor (ET), a frequent movement disorder suspected to involve cerebellar dysfunction. Here, we report a postmortem comparative analysis of fatty acid profiles by gas chromatography in the cerebellar cortex from ET patients (n = 15), Parkinson's disease (PD) patients (n = 15) and Controls (n = 17). Phosphatidylcholine (PC), phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) and phosphatidylinositol (PI)/ phosphatidylserine (PS) were separated by thin-layer chromatography and analyzed separately. First, the total amounts of fatty acids retrieved from the cerebellar cortex were lower in ET patients compared with PD patients, including monounsaturated (MUFA) and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA). The diagnosis of ET was associated with lower cerebellar levels of saturated fatty acids (SFA) and PUFA (DHA and ARA) in the PE fraction specifically, but with a higher relative content of dihomo-γ-linolenic acid (DGLA; 20:3 ω-6) in the PC fraction. In contrast, a diagnosis of PD was associated with higher absolute concentrations of SFA, MUFA and ω-6 PUFA in the PI + PS fractions. However, relative PI + PS contents of ω-6 PUFA were lower in both PD and ET patients. Finally, linear regression analyses showed that the ω-3:ω-6 PUFA ratio was positively associated with age of death, but inversely associated with insoluble α-synuclein. Although it remains unclear how these FA changes in the cerebellum are implicated in ET or PD pathophysiology, they may be related to an ongoing neurodegenerative process or to dietary intake differences. The present findings provide a window of opportunity for lipid-based therapeutic nutritional intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mélissa Simard
- Faculté de Pharmacie, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Koralie Mélançon
- Faculté de Pharmacie, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
- Axe Neurosciences, Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec, Université Laval, Room T-2-67 (CHUL) 2705 boul. Laurier, Québec, QC, G1V 4G2, Canada
| | - Line Berthiaume
- Faculté de Médecine, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
- Axe Endocrinologie et Néphrologie, Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Cyntia Tremblay
- Faculté de Pharmacie, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
- Axe Neurosciences, Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec, Université Laval, Room T-2-67 (CHUL) 2705 boul. Laurier, Québec, QC, G1V 4G2, Canada
| | - Laura Pshevorskiy
- Faculté de Pharmacie, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
- Axe Neurosciences, Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec, Université Laval, Room T-2-67 (CHUL) 2705 boul. Laurier, Québec, QC, G1V 4G2, Canada
| | - Pierre Julien
- Faculté de Médecine, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
- Axe Endocrinologie et Néphrologie, Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Ali H Rajput
- Division of Neurology, Royal University Hospital, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Alex Rajput
- Division of Neurology, Royal University Hospital, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Frédéric Calon
- Faculté de Pharmacie, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada.
- Axe Neurosciences, Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec, Université Laval, Room T-2-67 (CHUL) 2705 boul. Laurier, Québec, QC, G1V 4G2, Canada.
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5
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Mirdha L. Aggregation Behavior of Amyloid Beta Peptide Depends Upon the Membrane Lipid Composition. J Membr Biol 2024; 257:151-164. [PMID: 38888760 DOI: 10.1007/s00232-024-00314-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2024] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024]
Abstract
Protein aggregation plays a crucial role in the development of several neurodegenerative diseases. It is important to understand the aggregation process for the detection of the onset of these diseases. Alzheimer's Disease (AD) is one of the most prevalent neurodegenerative diseases caused by the aggregation of Aβ-40 and Aβ-42 peptides. The smaller oligomers lead to the formation of protein plaque at the neural membranes leading to memory loss and other disorders. Interestingly, aggregation takes place at the neural membranes, therefore the membrane composition seems to play an important role in the aggregation process. Despite a large number of literatures on the effect of lipid composition on protein aggregation, there are very few concise reviews that highlight the role of membrane composition in protein aggregation. In this review, we have discussed the implication of membrane composition on the aggregation of amyloid beta peptide with a special emphasis on cholesterol. We have further discussed the role of the degree of unsaturation of fatty acids and the participation of apolipoprotein E4 (ApoE4) in the onset of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lipika Mirdha
- School of Chemistry, Sambalpur University, Jyoti Vihar, Burla, Odisha, 768 019, India.
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Pethe A, Joshi S, Ali Dar T, Poddar NK. Revisiting the role of phospholipases in alzheimer's: crosstalk with processed food. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2024:1-19. [PMID: 39002140 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2024.2377290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/15/2024]
Abstract
Phospholipases such as phospholipase-A, phospholipase-B, phospholipase-C and phospholipase-D are important functional enzymes of the cell membrane responsible for a variety of functions such as signal transduction, production of lipid mediators, metabolite digestion and playing a pathological role in central nervous system diseases. Phospholipases have shown an association with Alzheimer's disease and these enzymes have found a correlation with several metabolic pathways that can lead to the activation of inflammatory signals via astrocytes and microglial cells. We also highlighted unhealthy practices like smoking and consuming processed foods, rich in nitroso compounds and phosphatidic acid, which contribute to neuronal damage in AD through phospholipases. A few therapeutic approaches such as the use of inhibitors of phospholipase-D,phospholipase A2 as well as autophagy-mediated inhibition have been discussed to control the onset of AD. This paper serves as a crosstalk between phospholipases and their role in neurodegenerative pathways as well as their influence on other biomolecules of lipid membranes, which are acquired through unhealthy diets and possible methods to treat these anomalies occurring due to their metabolic disorder involving phospholipases acting as major signaling molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atharv Pethe
- Department of Biosciences, Manipal University Jaipur, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India
| | - Siddhi Joshi
- Department of Biosciences, Manipal University Jaipur, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India
| | - Tanveer Ali Dar
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Nitesh Kumar Poddar
- Department of Biosciences, Manipal University Jaipur, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India
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Fernandes T, Melo T, Conde T, Neves B, Domingues P, Resende R, Pereira CF, Moreira PI, Domingues MR. Mapping the lipidome in mitochondria-associated membranes (MAMs) in an in vitro model of Alzheimer's disease. J Neurochem 2024; 168:1237-1253. [PMID: 38327008 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.16072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2023] [Revised: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
The disruption of mitochondria-associated endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membranes (MAMs) plays a relevant role in Alzheimer's disease (AD). MAMs have been implicated in neuronal dysfunction and death since it is associated with impairment of functions regulated in this subcellular domain, including lipid synthesis and trafficking, mitochondria dysfunction, ER stress-induced unfolded protein response (UPR), apoptosis, and inflammation. Since MAMs play an important role in lipid metabolism, in this study we characterized and investigated the lipidome alterations at MAMs in comparison with other subcellular fractions, namely microsomes and mitochondria, using an in vitro model of AD, namely the mouse neuroblastoma cell line (N2A) over-expressing the APP familial Swedish mutation (APPswe) and the respective control (WT) cells. Phospholipids (PLs) and fatty acids (FAs) were isolated from the different subcellular fractions and analyzed by HILIC-LC-MS/MS and GC-MS, respectively. In this in vitro AD model, we observed a down-regulation in relative abundance of some phosphatidylcholine (PC), lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC), and lysophosphatidylethanolamine (LPE) species with PUFA and few PC with saturated and long-chain FA. We also found an up-regulation of CL, and antioxidant alkyl acyl PL. Moreover, multivariate analysis indicated that each organelle has a specific lipid profile adaptation in N2A APPswe cells. In the FAs profile, we found an up-regulation of C16:0 in all subcellular fractions, a decrease of C18:0 levels in total fraction (TF) and microsomes fraction, and a down-regulation of 9-C18:1 was also found in mitochondria fraction in the AD model. Together, these results suggest that the over-expression of the familial APP Swedish mutation affects lipid homeostasis in MAMs and other subcellular fractions and supports the important role of lipids in AD physiopathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tânia Fernandes
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, CIBB-Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- IIIUC-Institute for Interdisciplinary Research, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- CACC-Clinical Academic Center of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Tânia Melo
- Mass Spectrometry Centre, LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
- CESAM - Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Tiago Conde
- Mass Spectrometry Centre, LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
- CESAM - Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Bruna Neves
- Mass Spectrometry Centre, LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
- CESAM - Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Pedro Domingues
- Mass Spectrometry Centre, LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
- CESAM - Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Rosa Resende
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, CIBB-Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- IIIUC-Institute for Interdisciplinary Research, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- CACC-Clinical Academic Center of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Cláudia F Pereira
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, CIBB-Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- CACC-Clinical Academic Center of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Paula I Moreira
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, CIBB-Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- CACC-Clinical Academic Center of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Maria Rosário Domingues
- Mass Spectrometry Centre, LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
- CESAM - Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
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von Maydell D, Wright S, Bonner JM, Staab C, Spitaleri A, Liu L, Pao PC, Yu CJ, Scannail AN, Li M, Boix CA, Mathys H, Leclerc G, Menchaca GS, Welch G, Graziosi A, Leary N, Samaan G, Kellis M, Tsai LH. Single-cell atlas of ABCA7 loss-of-function reveals impaired neuronal respiration via choline-dependent lipid imbalances. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2023.09.05.556135. [PMID: 38979214 PMCID: PMC11230156 DOI: 10.1101/2023.09.05.556135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/10/2024]
Abstract
Loss-of-function (LoF) variants in the lipid transporter ABCA7 significantly increase the risk of Alzheimer's disease (odds ratio ∼2), yet the pathogenic mechanisms and the neural cell types affected by these variants remain largely unknown. Here, we performed single-nuclear RNA sequencing of 36 human post-mortem samples from the prefrontal cortex of 12 ABCA7 LoF carriers and 24 matched non-carrier control individuals. ABCA7 LoF was associated with gene expression changes in all major cell types. Excitatory neurons, which expressed the highest levels of ABCA7, showed transcriptional changes related to lipid metabolism, mitochondrial function, cell cycle-related pathways, and synaptic signaling. ABCA7 LoF-associated transcriptional changes in neurons were similarly perturbed in carriers of the common AD missense variant ABCA7 p.Ala1527Gly (n = 240 controls, 135 carriers), indicating that findings from our study may extend to large portions of the at-risk population. Consistent with ABCA7's function as a lipid exporter, lipidomic analysis of isogenic iPSC-derived neurons (iNs) revealed profound intracellular triglyceride accumulation in ABCA7 LoF, which was accompanied by a relative decrease in phosphatidylcholine abundance. Metabolomic and biochemical analyses of iNs further indicated that ABCA7 LoF was associated with disrupted mitochondrial bioenergetics that suggested impaired lipid breakdown by uncoupled respiration. Treatment of ABCA7 LoF iNs with CDP-choline (a rate-limiting precursor of phosphatidylcholine synthesis) reduced triglyceride accumulation and restored mitochondrial function, indicating that ABCA7 LoF-induced phosphatidylcholine dyshomeostasis may directly disrupt mitochondrial metabolism of lipids. Treatment with CDP-choline also rescued intracellular amyloid β -42 levels in ABCA7 LoF iNs, further suggesting a link between ABCA7 LoF metabolic disruptions in neurons and AD pathology. This study provides a detailed transcriptomic atlas of ABCA7 LoF in the human brain and mechanistically links ABCA7 LoF-induced lipid perturbations to neuronal energy dyshomeostasis. In line with a growing body of evidence, our study highlights the central role of lipid metabolism in the etiology of Alzheimer's disease.
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Xu Y, Filice CT, Leonenko Z. Protective effect of trehalose sugar on amyloid-membrane interactions using BLM electrophysiology. Biophys J 2024; 123:1690-1704. [PMID: 38751113 PMCID: PMC11213996 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2024.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Revised: 04/10/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disease characterized by dementia and memory loss in the elderly population. The amyloid-β peptide (Aβ) is one of the main pathogenic factors in AD and is known to cause damage to neuronal cellular membranes. There is no cure currently available for AD, and new approaches, including preventive strategies, are highly desirable. In this work, we explore the possibility of protecting neuronal membranes from amyloid-induced damage with naturally existing sugar trehalose. Trehalose has been shown to protect plant cellular membranes in extreme conditions and modify Aβ misfolding. We hypothesize that trehalose can protect the neuronal membrane from amyloid toxicity. In this work, we studied the protective effect of trehalose against Aβ1-42-induced damage in model lipid membranes (DPPC/POPC/cholesterol) using atomic force microscopy and black lipid membrane electrophysiology. Our results demonstrate that Aβ1-42 damaged membranes and led to ionic current leakage across these membranes due to the formation of various defects and pores. The presence of trehalose reduced the ion current across membranes caused by Aβ1-42 peptide damage, thus efficiently protecting the membranes. These findings suggest that the trehalose sugar can potentially be useful in protecting neuronal membranes against amyloid toxicity in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Xu
- Department of Physics & Astronomy, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada
| | - Carina Teresa Filice
- Department of Biology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada; Waterloo Institute for Nanotechnology, Waterloo, ON, Canada
| | - Zoya Leonenko
- Department of Physics & Astronomy, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada; Department of Biology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada; Waterloo Institute for Nanotechnology, Waterloo, ON, Canada.
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10
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Su H, Masters CL, Bush AI, Barnham KJ, Reid GE, Vella LJ. Exploring the significance of lipids in Alzheimer's disease and the potential of extracellular vesicles. Proteomics 2024; 24:e2300063. [PMID: 37654087 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.202300063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Revised: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
Lipids play a significant role in maintaining central nervous system (CNS) structure and function, and the dysregulation of lipid metabolism is known to occur in many neurological disorders, including Alzheimer's disease. Here we review what is currently known about lipid dyshomeostasis in Alzheimer's disease. We propose that small extracellular vesicle (sEV) lipids may provide insight into the pathophysiology and progression of Alzheimer's disease. This stems from the recognition that sEV likely contributes to disease pathogenesis, but also an understanding that sEV can serve as a source of potential biomarkers. While the protein and RNA content of sEV in the CNS diseases have been studied extensively, our understanding of the lipidome of sEV in the CNS is still in its infancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huaqi Su
- The Florey, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- School of Chemistry, Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Colin L Masters
- The Florey, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Ashley I Bush
- The Florey, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Kevin J Barnham
- The Florey, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Gavin E Reid
- School of Chemistry, Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Laura J Vella
- The Florey, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Surgery, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
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Zhu Y, Cho K, Lacin H, Zhu Y, DiPaola JT, Wilson BA, Patti GJ, Skeath JB. Loss of dihydroceramide desaturase drives neurodegeneration by disrupting endoplasmic reticulum and lipid droplet homeostasis in glial cells. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.01.01.573836. [PMID: 38260379 PMCID: PMC10802327 DOI: 10.1101/2024.01.01.573836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
Dihydroceramide desaturases convert dihydroceramides to ceramides, the precursors of all complex sphingolipids. Reduction of DEGS1 dihydroceramide desaturase function causes pediatric neurodegenerative disorder hypomyelinating leukodystrophy-18 (HLD-18). We discovered that infertile crescent (ifc), the Drosophila DEGS1 homolog, is expressed primarily in glial cells to promote CNS development by guarding against neurodegeneration. Loss of ifc causes massive dihydroceramide accumulation and severe morphological defects in cortex glia, including endoplasmic reticulum (ER) expansion, failure of neuronal ensheathment, and lipid droplet depletion. RNAi knockdown of the upstream ceramide synthase schlank in glia of ifc mutants rescues ER expansion, suggesting dihydroceramide accumulation in the ER drives this phenotype. RNAi knockdown of ifc in glia but not neurons drives neuronal cell death, suggesting that ifc function in glia promotes neuronal survival. Our work identifies glia as the primary site of disease progression in HLD-18 and may inform on juvenile forms of ALS, which also feature elevated dihydroceramide levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqing Zhu
- Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, 4523 Clayton Avenue, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Kevin Cho
- Department of Chemistry, Washington University in St. Louis, One Brookings Drive, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
- Center for Mass Spectrometry and Metabolic Tracing, Washington University in St. Louis, One Brookings Drive, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA
| | - Haluk Lacin
- Division of Biological and Biomedical Systems, University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, MO 64110, USA
| | - Yi Zhu
- Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, 4523 Clayton Avenue, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Jose T DiPaola
- Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, 4523 Clayton Avenue, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Beth A Wilson
- Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, 4523 Clayton Avenue, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Gary J Patti
- Department of Chemistry, Washington University in St. Louis, One Brookings Drive, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
- Center for Mass Spectrometry and Metabolic Tracing, Washington University in St. Louis, One Brookings Drive, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA
| | - James B Skeath
- Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, 4523 Clayton Avenue, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
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Zimmer VC, Lauer AA, Haupenthal V, Stahlmann CP, Mett J, Grösgen S, Hundsdörfer B, Rothhaar T, Endres K, Eckhardt M, Hartmann T, Grimm HS, Grimm MOW. A bidirectional link between sulfatide and Alzheimer's disease. Cell Chem Biol 2024; 31:265-283.e7. [PMID: 37972592 DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2023.10.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Revised: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
Reduced sulfatide level is found in Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients. Here, we demonstrate that amyloid precursor protein (APP) processing regulates sulfatide synthesis and vice versa. Different cell culture models and transgenic mice models devoid of APP processing or in particular the APP intracellular domain (AICD) reveal that AICD decreases Gal3st1/CST expression and subsequently sulfatide synthesis. In return, sulfatide supplementation decreases Aβ generation by reducing β-secretase (BACE1) and γ-secretase processing of APP. Increased BACE1 lysosomal degradation leads to reduced BACE1 protein level in endosomes. Reduced γ-secretase activity is caused by a direct effect on γ-secretase activity and reduced amounts of γ-secretase components in lipid rafts. Similar changes were observed by analyzing cells and mice brain samples deficient of arylsulfatase A responsible for sulfatide degradation or knocked down in Gal3st1/CST. In line with these findings, addition of sulfatides to brain homogenates of AD patients resulted in reduced γ-secretase activity. Human brain APP level shows a significant negative correlation with GAL3ST1/CST expression underlining the in vivo relevance of sulfatide homeostasis in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valerie Christin Zimmer
- Deutsches Institut für Demenzprävention (DIDP), Neurodegeneration and Neurobiology and Experimental Neurology, Saarland University, 66424 Homburg/Saar, Germany
| | - Anna Andrea Lauer
- Deutsches Institut für Demenzprävention (DIDP), Neurodegeneration and Neurobiology and Experimental Neurology, Saarland University, 66424 Homburg/Saar, Germany; Nutrition Therapy and Counseling, Campus Rheinland, SRH University of Applied Health Sciences, 51377 Leverkusen, Germany
| | - Viola Haupenthal
- Deutsches Institut für Demenzprävention (DIDP), Neurodegeneration and Neurobiology and Experimental Neurology, Saarland University, 66424 Homburg/Saar, Germany
| | - Christoph Peter Stahlmann
- Deutsches Institut für Demenzprävention (DIDP), Neurodegeneration and Neurobiology and Experimental Neurology, Saarland University, 66424 Homburg/Saar, Germany
| | - Janine Mett
- Deutsches Institut für Demenzprävention (DIDP), Neurodegeneration and Neurobiology and Experimental Neurology, Saarland University, 66424 Homburg/Saar, Germany; Biosciences Zoology/Physiology-Neurobiology, ZHMB (Center of Human and Molecular Biology), Faculty NT-Natural Science and Technology, Saarland University, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Sven Grösgen
- Deutsches Institut für Demenzprävention (DIDP), Neurodegeneration and Neurobiology and Experimental Neurology, Saarland University, 66424 Homburg/Saar, Germany
| | - Benjamin Hundsdörfer
- Deutsches Institut für Demenzprävention (DIDP), Neurodegeneration and Neurobiology and Experimental Neurology, Saarland University, 66424 Homburg/Saar, Germany
| | - Tatjana Rothhaar
- Deutsches Institut für Demenzprävention (DIDP), Neurodegeneration and Neurobiology and Experimental Neurology, Saarland University, 66424 Homburg/Saar, Germany
| | - Kristina Endres
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Johannes Gutenberg-University, 55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - Matthias Eckhardt
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical Faculty, University of Bonn, 53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - Tobias Hartmann
- Deutsches Institut für Demenzprävention (DIDP), Neurodegeneration and Neurobiology and Experimental Neurology, Saarland University, 66424 Homburg/Saar, Germany
| | - Heike Sabine Grimm
- Deutsches Institut für Demenzprävention (DIDP), Neurodegeneration and Neurobiology and Experimental Neurology, Saarland University, 66424 Homburg/Saar, Germany; Nutrition Therapy and Counseling, Campus Rheinland, SRH University of Applied Health Sciences, 51377 Leverkusen, Germany
| | - Marcus Otto Walter Grimm
- Deutsches Institut für Demenzprävention (DIDP), Neurodegeneration and Neurobiology and Experimental Neurology, Saarland University, 66424 Homburg/Saar, Germany; Nutrition Therapy and Counseling, Campus Rheinland, SRH University of Applied Health Sciences, 51377 Leverkusen, Germany.
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13
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Kawade N, Yamanaka K. Novel insights into brain lipid metabolism in Alzheimer's disease: Oligodendrocytes and white matter abnormalities. FEBS Open Bio 2024; 14:194-216. [PMID: 37330425 PMCID: PMC10839347 DOI: 10.1002/2211-5463.13661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Revised: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common cause of dementia. A genome-wide association study has shown that several AD risk genes are involved in lipid metabolism. Additionally, epidemiological studies have indicated that the levels of several lipid species are altered in the AD brain. Therefore, lipid metabolism is likely changed in the AD brain, and these alterations might be associated with an exacerbation of AD pathology. Oligodendrocytes are glial cells that produce the myelin sheath, which is a lipid-rich insulator. Dysfunctions of the myelin sheath have been linked to white matter abnormalities observed in the AD brain. Here, we review the lipid composition and metabolism in the brain and myelin and the association between lipidic alterations and AD pathology. We also present the abnormalities in oligodendrocyte lineage cells and white matter observed in AD. Additionally, we discuss metabolic disorders, including obesity, as AD risk factors and the effects of obesity and dietary intake of lipids on the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noe Kawade
- Department of Neuroscience and Pathobiology, Research Institute of Environmental MedicineNagoya UniversityJapan
- Department of Neuroscience and Pathobiology, Nagoya University Graduate School of MedicineNagoya UniversityJapan
| | - Koji Yamanaka
- Department of Neuroscience and Pathobiology, Research Institute of Environmental MedicineNagoya UniversityJapan
- Department of Neuroscience and Pathobiology, Nagoya University Graduate School of MedicineNagoya UniversityJapan
- Institute for Glyco‐core Research (iGCORE)Nagoya UniversityJapan
- Center for One Medicine Innovative Translational Research (COMIT)Nagoya UniversityJapan
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14
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Long C, Lin D, Zhang L, Lin Y, Yao Q, Zhang G, Li L, Liu H, Ying J, Wang X, Hua F. Association between human blood metabolome and the risk of delirium: a Mendelian Randomization study. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2024; 14:1332712. [PMID: 38274231 PMCID: PMC10808797 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1332712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Delirium significantly contributes to both mortality and morbidity among hospitalized older adults. Furthermore, delirium leads to escalated healthcare expenditures, extended hospital stays, and enduring cognitive deterioration, all of which are acknowledged detrimental outcomes. Nonetheless, the current strategies for predicting and managing delirium remain constrained. Our aim was to employ Mendelian randomization (MR) to investigate the potential causal relationship between metabolites and delirium, as well as to identify potential therapeutic targets. Methods We identified 129 distinct blood metabolites from three genome-wide association studies (GWASs) conducted on the metabolome, involving a total of 147,827 participants of European descent. Genetic information pertaining to delirium was sourced from the ninth iteration of the Finngen Biobank, encompassing 359,699 individuals of Finnish ancestry. We conducted MR analyses to evaluate the connections between blood metabolites and delirium. Additionally, we extended our analysis to encompass the entire phenome using MR, aiming to uncover potential on-target consequences resulting from metabolite interventions. Results In our investigation, we discovered three metabolites serving as causal mediators in the context of delirium: clinical low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) (odds ratio [OR]: 1.47, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.25-1.73, p = 3.92 x 10-6), sphingomyelin (OR: 1.47, 95% CI: 1.25-1.74, p = 5.97 x 10-6), and X-11593-O-methylascorbate (OR: 0.21, 95% CI: 0.10-0.43, p = 1.86 x 10-5). Furthermore, utilizing phenome-wide MR analysis, we discerned that clinical LDL-C, sphingomyelin, and O-methylascorbate not only mediate delirium susceptibility but also impact the risk of diverse ailments. Limitations (1) Limited representation of the complete blood metabolome, (2) reliance on the PheCode system based on hospital diagnoses may underrepresent conditions with infrequent hospital admissions, and (3) limited to European ancestry. Conclusion The genetic prediction of heightened O-methylascorbate levels seems to correspond to a diminished risk of delirium, in contrast to the association of elevated clinical LDL-C and sphingomyelin levels with an amplified risk. A comprehensive analysis of side-effect profiles has been undertaken to facilitate the prioritization of drug targets. Notably, O-methylascorbate emerges as a potentially auspicious target for mitigating and treating delirium, offering the advantage of lacking predicted adverse side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chubing Long
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
- Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology of Jiangxi Province, Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Dong Lin
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
- Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology of Jiangxi Province, Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Lieliang Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
- Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology of Jiangxi Province, Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Yue Lin
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
- Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology of Jiangxi Province, Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Qing Yao
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
- Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology of Jiangxi Province, Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Guangyong Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
- Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology of Jiangxi Province, Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Longshan Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
- Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology of Jiangxi Province, Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Hailin Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
- Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology of Jiangxi Province, Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Jun Ying
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
- Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology of Jiangxi Province, Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Xifeng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology of Jiangxi Province, Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Fuzhou Hua
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
- Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology of Jiangxi Province, Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
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15
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Soares Martins T, Ferreira M, Magalhães S, Leandro K, Almeida LPD, Vogelgsang J, Breitling B, Hansen N, Esselmann H, Wiltfang J, da Cruz E Silva OAB, Nunes A, Henriques AG. FTIR Spectroscopy and Blood-Derived Extracellular Vesicles Duo in Alzheimer's Disease. J Alzheimers Dis 2024; 98:1157-1167. [PMID: 38489187 DOI: 10.3233/jad-231239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/17/2024]
Abstract
Background Alzheimer's disease (AD) diagnosis is difficult, and new accurate tools based on peripheral biofluids are urgently needed. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) emerged as a valuable source of biomarker profiles for AD, since their cargo is disease-specific and these can be easily isolated from easily accessible biofluids, as blood. Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy can be employed to analyze EVs and obtain the spectroscopic profiles from different regions of the spectra, simultaneously characterizing carbohydrates, nucleic acids, proteins, and lipids. Objective The aim of this study was to identify blood-derived EVs (bdEVs) spectroscopic signatures with AD discriminatory potential. Methods Herein, FTIR spectra of bdEVs from two biofluids (serum and plasma) and distinct sets of Controls and AD cases were acquired, and EVs' spectra analyzed. Results Analysis of bdEVs second derivative peaks area revealed differences between Controls and AD cases in distinct spectra regions, assigned to carbohydrates and nucleic acids, amides, and lipids. Conclusions EVs' spectroscopic profiles presented AD discriminatory value, supporting the use of bdEVs combined with FTIR as a screening or complementary tool for AD diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tânia Soares Martins
- Department of Medical Sciences, Neurosciences and Signaling Group, Institute of Biomedicine (iBiMED), University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Maria Ferreira
- Department of Medical Sciences, Neurosciences and Signaling Group, Institute of Biomedicine (iBiMED), University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Sandra Magalhães
- Department of Medical Sciences, Institute of Biomedicine (iBiMED), University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
- Department of Chemistry, CICECO - Aveiro Institute of Materials, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
- Faculty of Medicine, UnIC@RISE - Cardiovascular Research and Development Center, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Kevin Leandro
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- ViraVector-Viral Vector for Gene Transfer Core Facility, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Luís P de Almeida
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- ViraVector-Viral Vector for Gene Transfer Core Facility, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Jonathan Vogelgsang
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Goettingen (UMG), Georg-August University, Goettingen, Germany
- Translational Neuroscience Laboratory, McLean Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Belmont, MA, USA
| | - Benedict Breitling
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Goettingen (UMG), Georg-August University, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Niels Hansen
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Goettingen (UMG), Georg-August University, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Hermann Esselmann
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Goettingen (UMG), Georg-August University, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Jens Wiltfang
- Department of Medical Sciences, Neurosciences and Signaling Group, Institute of Biomedicine (iBiMED), University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Goettingen (UMG), Georg-August University, Goettingen, Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Goettingen, Germany
| | - Odete A B da Cruz E Silva
- Department of Medical Sciences, Neurosciences and Signaling Group, Institute of Biomedicine (iBiMED), University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Alexandra Nunes
- Department of Medical Sciences, Institute of Biomedicine (iBiMED), University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Ana Gabriela Henriques
- Department of Medical Sciences, Neurosciences and Signaling Group, Institute of Biomedicine (iBiMED), University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
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16
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Nie Y, Chu C, Qin Q, Shen H, Wen L, Tang Y, Qu M. Lipid metabolism and oxidative stress in patients with Alzheimer's disease and amnestic mild cognitive impairment. Brain Pathol 2024; 34:e13202. [PMID: 37619589 PMCID: PMC10711261 DOI: 10.1111/bpa.13202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Lipid metabolism and oxidative stress are key mechanisms in Alzheimer's disease (AD). The link between plasma lipid metabolites and oxidative stress in AD patients is poorly understood. This study was to identify markers that distinguish AD and amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI) from NC, and to reveal potential links between lipid metabolites and oxidative stress. We performed non-targeted lipid metabolism analysis of plasma from patients with AD, aMCI, and NC using LC-MS/MS. The plasma malondialdehyde (MDA), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) levels were assessed. We found significant differences in lipid metabolism between patients with AD and aMCI compared to those in NC. AD severity is associated with lipid metabolites, especially TG (18:0_16:0_18:0) + NH4, TG (18:0_16:0_16:0) + NH4, LPC(16:1e)-CH3, and PE (20:0_20:4)-H. SPH (d16:0) + H, SPH (d18:1) + H, and SPH (d18:0) + H were high-performance markers to distinguish AD and aMCI from NC. The AUC of three SPHs combined to predict AD was 0.990, with specificity and sensitivity as 0.949 and 1, respectively; the AUC of three SPHs combined to predict aMCI was 0.934, with specificity and sensitivity as 0.900, 0.981, respectively. Plasma MDA concentrations were higher in the AD group than in the NC group (p = 0.003), whereas plasma SOD levels were lower in the AD (p < 0.001) and aMCI (p = 0.045) groups than in NC, and GSH-Px activity were higher in the AD group than in the aMCI group (p = 0.007). In addition, lipid metabolites and oxidative stress are widely associated. In conclusion, this study distinguished serum lipid metabolism in AD, aMCI, and NC subjects, highlighting that the three SPHs can distinguish AD and aMCI from NC. Additionally, AD patients showed elevated oxidative stress, and there are complex interactions between lipid metabolites and oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuting Nie
- Department of NeurologyXuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Changbiao Chu
- Department of NeurologyXuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Qi Qin
- Department of NeurologyXuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Huixin Shen
- Department of NeurologyXuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Lulu Wen
- Department of NeurologyXuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Yi Tang
- Department of NeurologyXuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Miao Qu
- Department of NeurologyXuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
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17
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Area-Gomez E, Schon EA. Towards a Unitary Hypothesis of Alzheimer's Disease Pathogenesis. J Alzheimers Dis 2024; 98:1243-1275. [PMID: 38578892 DOI: 10.3233/jad-231318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/07/2024]
Abstract
The "amyloid cascade" hypothesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathogenesis invokes the accumulation in the brain of plaques (containing the amyloid-β protein precursor [AβPP] cleavage product amyloid-β [Aβ]) and tangles (containing hyperphosphorylated tau) as drivers of pathogenesis. However, the poor track record of clinical trials based on this hypothesis suggests that the accumulation of these peptides is not the only cause of AD. Here, an alternative hypothesis is proposed in which the AβPP cleavage product C99, not Aβ, is the main culprit, via its role as a regulator of cholesterol metabolism. C99, which is a cholesterol sensor, promotes the formation of mitochondria-associated endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membranes (MAM), a cholesterol-rich lipid raft-like subdomain of the ER that communicates, both physically and biochemically, with mitochondria. We propose that in early-onset AD (EOAD), MAM-localized C99 is elevated above normal levels, resulting in increased transport of cholesterol from the plasma membrane to membranes of intracellular organelles, such as ER/endosomes, thereby upregulating MAM function and driving pathology. By the same token, late-onset AD (LOAD) is triggered by any genetic variant that increases the accumulation of intracellular cholesterol that, in turn, boosts the levels of C99 and again upregulates MAM function. Thus, the functional cause of AD is upregulated MAM function that, in turn, causes the hallmark disease phenotypes, including the plaques and tangles. Accordingly, the MAM hypothesis invokes two key interrelated elements, C99 and cholesterol, that converge at the MAM to drive AD pathogenesis. From this perspective, AD is, at bottom, a lipid disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Estela Area-Gomez
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas "Margarita Salas", Spanish National Research Council, Madrid, Spain
| | - Eric A Schon
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Genetics and Development>, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
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18
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Makki BE, Rahman S. Alzheimer's Disease in Diabetic Patients: A Lipidomic Prospect. Neuroscience 2023; 530:79-94. [PMID: 37652288 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2023.08.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Revised: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/27/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
Diabetes Mellitus (DM) and Alzheimer's disease (AD) have been two of the most common chronic diseases affecting people worldwide. Type 2 DM (T2DM) is a metabolic disease depicted by insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, and chronic hyperglycemia while AD is a neurodegenerative disease marked by Amyloid β (Aβ) accumulation, neurofibrillary tangles aggregation, and tau phosphorylation. Various clinical, epidemiological, and lipidomics studies have linked those diseases claiming shared pathological pathways raising the assumption that diabetic patients are at an increased risk of developing AD later in their lives. Insulin resistance is the tipping point beyond where advanced glycation end (AGE) products and free radicals are produced leading to oxidative stress and lipid peroxidation. Additionally, different types of lipids are playing a crucial role in the development and the relationship between those diseases. Lipidomics, an analysis of lipid structure, formation, and interactions, evidently exhibits these lipid changes and their direct and indirect effect on Aβ synthesis, insulin resistance, oxidative stress, and neuroinflammation. In this review, we have discussed the pathophysiology of T2DM and AD, the interconnecting pathological pathways they share, and the lipidomics where different lipids such as cholesterol, phospholipids, sphingolipids, and sulfolipids contribute to the underlying features of both diseases. Understanding their role can be beneficial for diagnostic purposes or introducing new drugs to counter AD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sarah Rahman
- School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Iran
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19
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Sahoo BR, Bardwell JCA. SERF, a family of tiny highly conserved, highly charged proteins with enigmatic functions. FEBS J 2023; 290:4150-4162. [PMID: 35694898 DOI: 10.1111/febs.16555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2022] [Revised: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Amyloid formation is a misfolding process that has been linked to age-related diseases, including Alzheimer's and Huntington's. Understanding how cellular factors affect this process in vivo is vital in realizing the dream of controlling this insidious process that robs so many people of their humanity. SERF (small EDRK-rich factor) was initially isolated as a factor that accelerated polyglutamine amyloid formation in a C. elegans model. SERF knockouts inhibit amyloid formation of a number of proteins that include huntingtin, α-synuclein and β-amyloid which are associated with Huntington's, Parkinson's and Alzheimer's disease, respectively, and purified SERF protein speeds their amyloid formation in vitro. SERF proteins are highly conserved, highly charged and conformationally dynamic proteins that form a fuzzy complex with amyloid precursors. They appear to act by specifically accelerating the primary step of amyloid nucleation. Brain-specific SERF knockout mice, though viable, appear to be more prone to deposition of amyloids, and show modified fibril morphology. Whole-body knockouts are perinatally lethal due to an apparently unrelated developmental issue. Recently, it was found that SERF binds RNA and is localized to nucleic acid-rich membraneless compartments. SERF-related sequences are commonly found fused to zinc finger sequences. These results point towards a nucleic acid-binding function. How this function relates to their ability to accelerate amyloid formation is currently obscure. In this review, we discuss the possible biological functions of SERF family proteins in the context of their structural fuzziness, modulation of amyloid pathway, nucleic acid binding and their fusion to folded proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bikash R Sahoo
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - James C A Bardwell
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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Wang Y, Wu S, Li Q, Sun H, Wang H. Pharmacological Inhibition of Ferroptosis as a Therapeutic Target for Neurodegenerative Diseases and Strokes. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2023; 10:e2300325. [PMID: 37341302 PMCID: PMC10460905 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202300325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2023] [Revised: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/22/2023]
Abstract
Emerging evidence suggests that ferroptosis, a unique regulated cell death modality that is morphologically and mechanistically different from other forms of cell death, plays a vital role in the pathophysiological process of neurodegenerative diseases, and strokes. Accumulating evidence supports ferroptosis as a critical factor of neurodegenerative diseases and strokes, and pharmacological inhibition of ferroptosis as a therapeutic target for these diseases. In this review article, the core mechanisms of ferroptosis are overviewed and the roles of ferroptosis in neurodegenerative diseases and strokes are described. Finally, the emerging findings in treating neurodegenerative diseases and strokes through pharmacological inhibition of ferroptosis are described. This review demonstrates that pharmacological inhibition of ferroptosis by bioactive small-molecule compounds (ferroptosis inhibitors) could be effective for treatments of these diseases, and highlights a potential promising therapeutic avenue that could be used to prevent neurodegenerative diseases and strokes. This review article will shed light on developing novel therapeutic regimens by pharmacological inhibition of ferroptosis to slow down the progression of these diseases in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yumin Wang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care MedicineAerospace Center HospitalPeking University Aerospace School of Clinical MedicineBeijing100049P. R. China
| | - Shuang Wu
- Department of NeurologyZhongnan Hospital of Wuhan UniversityWuhan430000P. R. China
| | - Qiang Li
- Department of NeurologyThe Affiliated Hospital of Chifeng UniversityChifeng024005P. R. China
| | - Huiyan Sun
- Chifeng University Health Science CenterChifeng024000P. R. China
| | - Hongquan Wang
- Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and HospitalNational Clinical Research Center for CancerTianjin's Clinical Research Center for CancerKey Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and TherapyTianjin300060P. R. China
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21
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He S, Qiu S, Pan M, Palavicini JP, Wang H, Li X, Bhattacharjee A, Barannikov S, Bieniek KF, Dupree JL, Han X. Central nervous system sulfatide deficiency as a causal factor for bladder disorder in Alzheimer's disease. Clin Transl Med 2023; 13:e1332. [PMID: 37478300 PMCID: PMC10361545 DOI: 10.1002/ctm2.1332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Revised: 07/02/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite being a brain disorder, Alzheimer's disease (AD) is often accompanied by peripheral organ dysregulations (e.g., loss of bladder control in late-stage AD), which highly rely on spinal cord coordination. However, the causal factor(s) for peripheral organ dysregulation in AD remain elusive. METHODS The central nervous system (CNS) is enriched in lipids. We applied quantitative shotgun lipidomics to determine lipid profiles of human AD spinal cord tissues. Additionally, a CNS sulfatide (ST)-deficient mouse model was used to study the lipidome, transcriptome and peripheral organ phenotypes of ST loss. RESULTS We observed marked myelin lipid reduction in the spinal cord of AD subjects versus cognitively normal individuals. Among which, levels of ST, a myelin-enriched lipid class, were strongly and negatively associated with the severity of AD. A CNS myelin-specific ST-deficient mouse model was used to further identify the causes and consequences of spinal cord lipidome changes. Interestingly, ST deficiency led to spinal cord lipidome and transcriptome profiles highly resembling those observed in AD, characterized by decline of multiple myelin-enriched lipid classes and enhanced inflammatory responses, respectively. These changes significantly disrupted spinal cord function and led to substantial enlargement of urinary bladder in ST-deficient mice. CONCLUSIONS Our study identified CNS ST deficiency as a causal factor for AD-like lipid dysregulation, inflammation response and ultimately the development of bladder disorders. Targeting to maintain ST levels may serve as a promising strategy for the prevention and treatment of AD-related peripheral disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sijia He
- Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging StudiesUniversity of Texas Health San AntonioSan AntonioTexasUSA
| | - Shulan Qiu
- Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging StudiesUniversity of Texas Health San AntonioSan AntonioTexasUSA
| | - Meixia Pan
- Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging StudiesUniversity of Texas Health San AntonioSan AntonioTexasUSA
| | - Juan P. Palavicini
- Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging StudiesUniversity of Texas Health San AntonioSan AntonioTexasUSA
- Division of DiabetesDepartment of MedicineUniversity of Texas Health San AntonioSan AntonioTexasUSA
| | - Hu Wang
- Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging StudiesUniversity of Texas Health San AntonioSan AntonioTexasUSA
| | - Xin Li
- Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging StudiesUniversity of Texas Health San AntonioSan AntonioTexasUSA
| | - Anindita Bhattacharjee
- Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging StudiesUniversity of Texas Health San AntonioSan AntonioTexasUSA
| | - Savannah Barannikov
- Department of PathologyGlenn Biggs Institute for Alzheimer's and Neurodegenerative DiseasesUniversity of Texas Health San AntonioSan AntonioTexasUSA
| | - Kevin F. Bieniek
- Department of PathologyGlenn Biggs Institute for Alzheimer's and Neurodegenerative DiseasesUniversity of Texas Health San AntonioSan AntonioTexasUSA
| | - Jeffrey L. Dupree
- Department of Anatomy and NeurobiologyVirginia Commonwealth UniversityRichmondVirginiaUSA
- Research DivisionMcGuire Veterans Affairs Medical CenterRichmondVirginiaUSA
| | - Xianlin Han
- Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging StudiesUniversity of Texas Health San AntonioSan AntonioTexasUSA
- Division of DiabetesDepartment of MedicineUniversity of Texas Health San AntonioSan AntonioTexasUSA
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22
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Jett S, Boneu C, Zarate C, Carlton C, Kodancha V, Nerattini M, Battista M, Pahlajani S, Williams S, Dyke JP, Mosconi L. Systematic review of 31P-magnetic resonance spectroscopy studies of brain high energy phosphates and membrane phospholipids in aging and Alzheimer's disease. Front Aging Neurosci 2023; 15:1183228. [PMID: 37273652 PMCID: PMC10232902 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2023.1183228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Many lines of evidence suggest that mitochondria have a central role in aging-related neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease (AD). Mitochondrial dysfunction, cerebral energy dysmetabolism and oxidative damage increase with age, and are early event in AD pathophysiology and may precede amyloid beta (Aβ) plaques. In vivo probes of mitochondrial function and energy metabolism are therefore crucial to characterize the bioenergetic abnormalities underlying AD risk, and their relationship to pathophysiology and cognition. A majority of the research conducted in humans have used 18F-fluoro-deoxygluose (FDG) PET to image cerebral glucose metabolism (CMRglc), but key information regarding oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS), the process which generates 90% of the energy for the brain, cannot be assessed with this method. Thus, there is a crucial need for imaging tools to measure mitochondrial processes and OXPHOS in vivo in the human brain. 31Phosphorus-magnetic resonance spectroscopy (31P-MRS) is a non-invasive method which allows for the measurement of OXPHOS-related high-energy phosphates (HEP), including phosphocreatine (PCr), adenosine triphosphate (ATP), and inorganic phosphate (Pi), in addition to potential of hydrogen (pH), as well as components of phospholipid metabolism, such as phosphomonoesters (PMEs) and phosphodiesters (PDEs). Herein, we provide a systematic review of the existing literature utilizing the 31P-MRS methodology during the normal aging process and in patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and AD, with an additional focus on individuals at risk for AD. We discuss the strengths and limitations of the technique, in addition to considering future directions toward validating the use of 31P-MRS measures as biomarkers for the early detection of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven Jett
- Department of Neurology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, United States
| | - Camila Boneu
- Department of Neurology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, United States
| | - Camila Zarate
- Department of Neurology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, United States
| | - Caroline Carlton
- Department of Neurology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, United States
| | - Vibha Kodancha
- Department of Neurology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, United States
| | - Matilde Nerattini
- Department of Neurology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, United States
- Nuclear Medicine Unit, Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Michael Battista
- Department of Neurology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, United States
| | - Silky Pahlajani
- Department of Neurology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, United States
- Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, United States
| | - Schantel Williams
- Department of Neurology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, United States
| | - Jonathan P. Dyke
- Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, United States
| | - Lisa Mosconi
- Department of Neurology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, United States
- Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, United States
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23
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Wu L, Xian X, Tan Z, Dong F, Xu G, Zhang M, Zhang F. The Role of Iron Metabolism, Lipid Metabolism, and Redox Homeostasis in Alzheimer's Disease: from the Perspective of Ferroptosis. Mol Neurobiol 2023; 60:2832-2850. [PMID: 36735178 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-023-03245-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
In the development of Alzheimer's disease (AD), cell death is common. Novel cell death form-ferroptosis is discovered in recent years. Ferroptosis is an iron-regulated programmed cell death mechanism and has been identified in AD clinical samples. Typical characteristics of ferroptosis involve the specific changes in cell morphology, iron-dependent aggregation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and lipid peroxides, loss of glutathione (GSH), inactivation of glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4), and a unique group of regulatory genes. Increasing evidence demonstrates that ferroptosis may be associated with neurological dysfunction in AD. However, the underlying mechanisms have not been fully elucidated. This article reviews the potential role of ferroptosis in AD, the involvement of ferroptosis in the pathological progression of AD through the mechanisms of iron metabolism, lipid metabolism, and redox homeostasis, as well as a range of potential therapies targeting ferroptosis for AD. Intervention strategies based on ferroptosis are promising for Alzheimer's disease treatment at present, but further researches are still needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linyu Wu
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, No. 139 Ziqiang Road, Shijiazhuang, 050051, Hebei, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaohui Xian
- Department of Pathophysiology, Hebei Medical University, No. 361 East Zhongshan Road, Shijiazhuang, 050051, Hebei, People's Republic of China
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Critical Disease Mechanism and intervention, Shijiazhuang, 050051, People's Republic of China
| | - Zixuan Tan
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, No. 139 Ziqiang Road, Shijiazhuang, 050051, Hebei, People's Republic of China
| | - Fang Dong
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050051, People's Republic of China
| | - Guangyu Xu
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, No. 139 Ziqiang Road, Shijiazhuang, 050051, Hebei, People's Republic of China
| | - Min Zhang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Hebei Medical University, No. 361 East Zhongshan Road, Shijiazhuang, 050051, Hebei, People's Republic of China.
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Critical Disease Mechanism and intervention, Shijiazhuang, 050051, People's Republic of China.
| | - Feng Zhang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, No. 139 Ziqiang Road, Shijiazhuang, 050051, Hebei, People's Republic of China.
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Critical Disease Mechanism and intervention, Shijiazhuang, 050051, People's Republic of China.
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24
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Ying N, Luo H, Li B, Gong K, Shu Q, Liang F, Gao H, Huang T, Zheng H. Exercise Alleviates Behavioral Disorders but Shapes Brain Metabolism of APP/PS1 Mice in a Region- and Exercise-Specific Manner. J Proteome Res 2023. [PMID: 37126732 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.2c00691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Exercise plays a beneficial role in the management of Alzheimer's disease (AD), but its effects on brain metabolism are still far from being understood. Here, we examined behavioral changes of APP/PS1 mice after high-intensity interval training (HIIT) and moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT) and analyzed metabolomics profiles in the hippocampus, cortex, and hypothalamus by using nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy to explore potential metabolic mechanisms. The results demonstrate that both HIIT and MICT alleviated anxiety/depressive-like behaviors as well as learning and memory impairments of AD mice. Metabolomics analysis reveals that energy metabolism, neurotransmitter metabolism, and membrane metabolism were significantly altered in all three brain regions after both types of exercises. Amino acid metabolism was detected to be affected in the cortex and hypothalamus after HIIT and in the hippocampus and hypothalamus after MICT. However, only HIIT significantly altered astrocyte-neuron metabolism in the hippocampus and hypothalamus of AD mice. Therefore, our study suggests that exercise can shape brain metabolism of AD mice in a region- and exercise-specific manner, indicating that the precise modification of brain metabolism by a specific type of exercise might be a novel perspective for the prevention and treatment of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Ying
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Hanqi Luo
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Baixia Li
- School of Physical Education and Health Care, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
- Key Laboratory of Adolescent Health Assessment and Exercise Intervention of Ministry of Education, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Kaiyan Gong
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Qi Shu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Fei Liang
- College of Physical Education, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou 341000, China
| | - Hongchang Gao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Tao Huang
- Department of Physical Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Hong Zheng
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China
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25
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Yin C, Harms AC, Hankemeier T, Kindt A, de Lange ECM. Status of Metabolomic Measurement for Insights in Alzheimer's Disease Progression-What Is Missing? Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24054960. [PMID: 36902391 PMCID: PMC10003384 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24054960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is an aging-related neurodegenerative disease, leading to the progressive loss of memory and other cognitive functions. As there is still no cure for AD, the growth in the number of susceptible individuals represents a major emerging threat to public health. Currently, the pathogenesis and etiology of AD remain poorly understood, while no efficient treatments are available to slow down the degenerative effects of AD. Metabolomics allows the study of biochemical alterations in pathological processes which may be involved in AD progression and to discover new therapeutic targets. In this review, we summarized and analyzed the results from studies on metabolomics analysis performed in biological samples of AD subjects and AD animal models. Then this information was analyzed by using MetaboAnalyst to find the disturbed pathways among different sample types in human and animal models at different disease stages. We discuss the underlying biochemical mechanisms involved, and the extent to which they could impact the specific hallmarks of AD. Then we identify gaps and challenges and provide recommendations for future metabolomics approaches to better understand AD pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunyuan Yin
- Metabolomics and Analytics Centre, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, 2333 CC Leiden, The Netherlands
- Division of Systems Pharmacology and Pharmacy, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, 2333 CC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Amy C. Harms
- Metabolomics and Analytics Centre, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, 2333 CC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Thomas Hankemeier
- Metabolomics and Analytics Centre, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, 2333 CC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Alida Kindt
- Metabolomics and Analytics Centre, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, 2333 CC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Elizabeth C. M. de Lange
- Division of Systems Pharmacology and Pharmacy, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, 2333 CC Leiden, The Netherlands
- Correspondence:
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26
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Yin F. Lipid metabolism and Alzheimer's disease: clinical evidence, mechanistic link and therapeutic promise. FEBS J 2023; 290:1420-1453. [PMID: 34997690 PMCID: PMC9259766 DOI: 10.1111/febs.16344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 82.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2021] [Revised: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is an age-associated neurodegenerative disorder with multifactorial etiology, intersecting genetic and environmental risk factors, and a lack of disease-modifying therapeutics. While the abnormal accumulation of lipids was described in the very first report of AD neuropathology, it was not until recent decades that lipid dyshomeostasis became a focus of AD research. Clinically, lipidomic and metabolomic studies have consistently shown alterations in the levels of various lipid classes emerging in early stages of AD brains. Mechanistically, decades of discovery research have revealed multifaceted interactions between lipid metabolism and key AD pathogenic mechanisms including amyloidogenesis, bioenergetic deficit, oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, and myelin degeneration. In the present review, converging evidence defining lipid dyshomeostasis in AD is summarized, followed by discussions on mechanisms by which lipid metabolism contributes to pathogenesis and modifies disease risk. Furthermore, lipid-targeting therapeutic strategies, and the modification of their efficacy by disease stage, ApoE status, and metabolic and vascular profiles, are reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Yin
- Center for Innovation in Brain Science, University of Arizona Health Sciences, Tucson, AZ, USA.,Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine Tucson, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA.,Graduate Interdisciplinary Program in Neuroscience, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
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27
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Jett S, Dyke JP, Boneu Yepez C, Zarate C, Carlton C, Schelbaum E, Jang G, Pahlajani S, Williams S, Diaz Brinton R, Mosconi L. Effects of sex and APOE ε4 genotype on brain mitochondrial high-energy phosphates in midlife individuals at risk for Alzheimer's disease: A 31Phosphorus MR spectroscopy study. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0281302. [PMID: 36787293 PMCID: PMC9928085 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0281302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Age, female sex, and APOE epsilon 4 (APOE4) genotype are the three greatest risk factors for late-onset Alzheimer's disease (AD). The convergence of these risks creates a hypometabolic AD-risk profile unique to women, which may help explain their higher lifetime risk of AD. Less is known about APOE4 effects in men, although APOE4 positive men also experience an increased AD risk. This study uses 31Phosphorus Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy (31P-MRS) to examine effects of sex and APOE4 status on brain high-energy phosphates [adenosine triphosphate (ATP), phosphocreatine (PCr), inorganic phosphate (Pi)] and membrane phospholipids [phosphomonoesters (PME), phosphodiesters (PDE)] in 209 cognitively normal individuals at risk for AD, ages 40-65, 80% female, 46% APOE4 carriers (APOE4+). Women exhibited lower PCr/ATP and PCr/Pi levels than men in AD-vulnerable regions, including frontal, posterior cingulate, lateral and medial temporal cortex (multi-variable adjusted p≤0.037). The APOE4+ group exhibited lower PCr/ATP and PCr/Pi in frontal regions as compared to non-carriers (APOE4-) (multi-variable adjusted p≤0.005). Sex by APOE4 status interactions were observed in frontal regions (multi-variable adjusted p≤0.046), where both female groups and APOE4+ men exhibited lower PCr/ATP and PCr/Pi than APOE4- men. Among men, APOE4 homozygotes exhibited lower frontal PCr/ATP than heterozygotes and non-carriers. There were no significant effects of sex or APOE4 status on Pi/ATP and PME/PDE measures. Among midlife individuals at risk for AD, women exhibit lower PCr/ATP (e.g. higher ATP utilization) and lower PCr/Pi (e.g. higher energy demand) than age-controlled men, independent of APOE4 status. However, a double dose of APOE4 allele shifted men's brains to a similar metabolic range as women's brains. Examination of brain metabolic heterogeneity can support identification of AD-specific pathways within at-risk subgroups, further advancing both preventive and precision medicine for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven Jett
- Department of Neurology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Jonathan P. Dyke
- Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Camila Boneu Yepez
- Department of Neurology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Camila Zarate
- Department of Neurology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Caroline Carlton
- Department of Neurology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Eva Schelbaum
- Department of Neurology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Grace Jang
- Department of Neurology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Silky Pahlajani
- Department of Neurology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, United States of America
- Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Schantel Williams
- Department of Neurology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Roberta Diaz Brinton
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, United States of America
- Department of Neurology, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, United States of America
| | - Lisa Mosconi
- Department of Neurology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, United States of America
- Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, United States of America
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28
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Phosphatidylserine in the Nervous System: Cytoplasmic Regulator of the AKT and PKC Signaling Pathways and Extracellular "Eat-Me" Signal in Microglial Phagocytosis. Mol Neurobiol 2023; 60:1050-1066. [PMID: 36401705 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-022-03133-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Phosphatidylserine (PtdSer) is an important anionic phospholipid found in eukaryotic cells and has been proven to serve as a beneficial factor in the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases. PtdSer resides in the inner leaflet of the plasma membrane, where it is involved in regulating the AKT and PKC signaling pathways; however, it becomes exposed to the extracellular leaflet during neurodevelopmental processes and neurodegenerative diseases, participating in microglia-mediated synaptic and neuronal phagocytosis. In this paper, we review several characteristics of PtdSer, including the synthesis and translocation of PtdSer, the functions of cytoplasmic and exposed PtdSer, and different PtdSer-detection materials used to further understand the role of PtdSer in the nervous system.
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29
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Jové M, Mota-Martorell N, Obis È, Sol J, Martín-Garí M, Ferrer I, Portero-Otin M, Pamplona R. Ether Lipid-Mediated Antioxidant Defense in Alzheimer's Disease. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:293. [PMID: 36829852 PMCID: PMC9952080 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12020293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Revised: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
One of the richest tissues in lipid content and diversity of the human body is the brain. The human brain is constitutively highly vulnerable to oxidative stress. This oxidative stress is a determinant in brain aging, as well as in the onset and progression of sporadic (late-onset) Alzheimer's disease (sAD). Glycerophospholipids are the main lipid category widely distributed in neural cell membranes, with a very significant presence for the ether lipid subclass. Ether lipids have played a key role in the evolution of the human brain compositional specificity and functionality. Ether lipids determine the neural membrane structural and functional properties, membrane trafficking, cell signaling and antioxidant defense mechanisms. Here, we explore the idea that ether lipids actively participate in the pathogenesis of sAD. Firstly, we evaluate the quantitative relevance of ether lipids in the human brain composition, as well as their role in the human brain evolution. Then, we analyze the implications of ether lipids in neural cell physiology, highlighting their inherent antioxidant properties. Finally, we discuss changes in ether lipid content associated with sAD and their physiopathological implications, and propose a mechanism that, as a vicious cycle, explains the potential significance of ether lipids in sAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariona Jové
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Lleida Biomedical Research Institute (IRBLleida), Lleida University (UdL), E-25198 Lleida, Spain
| | - Natàlia Mota-Martorell
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Lleida Biomedical Research Institute (IRBLleida), Lleida University (UdL), E-25198 Lleida, Spain
| | - Èlia Obis
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Lleida Biomedical Research Institute (IRBLleida), Lleida University (UdL), E-25198 Lleida, Spain
| | - Joaquim Sol
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Lleida Biomedical Research Institute (IRBLleida), Lleida University (UdL), E-25198 Lleida, Spain
- Research Support Unit (USR), Catalan Institute of Health (ICS), Fundació Institut Universitari per a la Recerca en Atenció Primària de Salut Jordi Gol i Gurina (IDIAP JGol), E-25007 Lleida, Spain
| | - Meritxell Martín-Garí
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Lleida Biomedical Research Institute (IRBLleida), Lleida University (UdL), E-25198 Lleida, Spain
| | - Isidre Ferrer
- Department of Pathology and Experimental Therapeutics, University of Barcelona (UB), E-08907 Barcelona, Spain
- Neuropathology Group, Institute of Biomedical Research of Bellvitge (IDIBELL), E-08907 Barcelona, Spain
- Network Research Center of Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Instituto Carlos III, E-08907 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Manuel Portero-Otin
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Lleida Biomedical Research Institute (IRBLleida), Lleida University (UdL), E-25198 Lleida, Spain
| | - Reinald Pamplona
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Lleida Biomedical Research Institute (IRBLleida), Lleida University (UdL), E-25198 Lleida, Spain
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30
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Sheng C, Chu X, He Y, Ding Q, Jia S, Shi Q, Sun R, Song L, Du W, Liang Y, Chen N, Yang Y, Wang X. Alterations in Peripheral Metabolites as Key Actors in Alzheimer's Disease. Curr Alzheimer Res 2023; 20:379-393. [PMID: 37622711 DOI: 10.2174/1567205020666230825091147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 06/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
Abstract
Growing evidence supports that Alzheimer's disease (AD) could be regarded as a metabolic disease, accompanying central and peripheral metabolic disturbance. Nowadays, exploring novel and potentially alternative hallmarks for AD is needed. Peripheral metabolites based on blood and gut may provide new biochemical insights about disease mechanisms. These metabolites can influence brain energy homeostasis, maintain gut mucosal integrity, and regulate the host immune system, which may further play a key role in modulating the cognitive function and behavior of AD. Recently, metabolomics has been used to identify key AD-related metabolic changes and define metabolic changes during AD disease trajectory. This review aims to summarize the key blood- and microbial-derived metabolites that are altered in AD and identify the potential metabolic biomarkers of AD, which will provide future targets for precision therapeutic modulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Can Sheng
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining, 272000, China
| | - Xu Chu
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining, 272000, China
| | - Yan He
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining, 272000, China
| | - Qingqing Ding
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining, 272000, China
| | - Shulei Jia
- Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Qiguang Shi
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining, 272000, China
| | - Ran Sun
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining, 272000, China
| | - Li Song
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining, 272000, China
| | - Wenying Du
- Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100053, China
| | - Yuan Liang
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Jining Medical University, Jining, 272067, China
| | - Nian Chen
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Jining Medical University, Jining, 272067, China
| | - Yan Yang
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining, 272000, China
| | - Xiaoni Wang
- Department of Neurology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310020, China
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31
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Blusztajn JK, Aytan N, Rajendiran T, Mellott TJ, Soni T, Burant CF, Serrano GE, Beach TG, Lin H, Stein TD. Cerebral Gray and White Matter Monogalactosyl Diglyceride Levels Rise with the Progression of Alzheimer's Disease. J Alzheimers Dis 2023; 95:1623-1634. [PMID: 37718815 PMCID: PMC10911245 DOI: 10.3233/jad-230543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Multiple studies have reported brain lipidomic abnormalities in Alzheimer's disease (AD) that affect glycerophospholipids, sphingolipids, and fatty acids. However, there is no consensus regarding the nature of these abnormalities, and it is unclear if they relate to disease progression. OBJECTIVE Monogalactosyl diglycerides (MGDGs) are a class of lipids which have been recently detected in the human brain. We sought to measure their levels in postmortem human brain and determine if these levels correlate with the progression of the AD-related traits. METHODS We measured MGDGs by ultrahigh performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry in postmortem dorsolateral prefrontal cortex gray matter and subcortical corona radiata white matter samples derived from three cohorts of participants: the Framingham Heart Study, the Boston University Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, and the Arizona Study of Aging and Neurodegenerative Disorders/Brain and Body Donation Program (total n = 288). RESULTS We detected 40 molecular species of MGDGs (including diacyl and alkyl/acyl compounds) and found that the levels of 29 of them, as well as total MGDG levels, are positively associated with AD-related traits including pathologically confirmed AD diagnosis, clinical dementia rating, Braak and Braak stage, neuritic plaque score, phospho-Tau AT8 immunostaining density, levels of phospho-Tau396 and levels of Aβ40. Increased MGDG levels were present in both gray and white matter, indicating that they are widespread and likely associated with myelin-producing oligodendrocytes-the principal cell type of white matter. CONCLUSIONS Our data implicate the MGDG metabolic defect as a central correlate of clinical and pathological progression in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Krzysztof Blusztajn
- Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine
- Boston University Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center
| | - Nurgul Aytan
- Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine
- Boston University Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Thor D. Stein
- Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine
- Boston University Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center
- VA Boston Healthcare System, U.S. Department of Veteran Affairs, Jamaica Plain, MA, USA
- VA Bedford Healthcare System, U.S. Department of Veteran Affairs, Bedford, MA
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32
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Jett S, Dyke JP, Andy C, Schelbaum E, Jang G, Boneu Yepez C, Pahlajani S, Diaz I, Diaz Brinton R, Mosconi L. Sex and menopause impact 31P-Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy brain mitochondrial function in association with 11C-PiB PET amyloid-beta load. Sci Rep 2022; 12:22087. [PMID: 36543814 PMCID: PMC9772209 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-26573-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Increasing evidence implicates sex and endocrine aging effects on brain bioenergetic aging in the greater lifetime risk of Alzheimer's disease (AD) in women. We conducted 31Phosphorus Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy (31P-MRS) to assess the impact of sex and menopause on brain high-energy phosphates [adenosine triphosphate (ATP), phosphocreatine (PCr), inorganic phosphate (Pi)] and membrane phospholipids [phosphomonoesters/phosphodiesters (PME/PDE)] in 216 midlife cognitively normal individuals at risk for AD, 80% female. Ninety-seven participants completed amyloid-beta (Aβ) 11C-PiB PET. Women exhibited higher ATP utilization than men in AD-vulnerable frontal, posterior cingulate, fusiform, medial and lateral temporal regions (p < 0.001). This profile was evident in frontal cortex at the pre-menopausal and peri-menopausal stage and extended to the other regions at the post-menopausal stage (p = 0.001). Results were significant after multi-variable adjustment for age, APOE-4 status, midlife health indicators, history of hysterectomy/oophorectomy, use of menopause hormonal therapy, and total intracranial volume. While associations between ATP/PCr and Aβ load were not significant, individuals with the highest Aβ load were post-menopausal and peri-menopausal women with ATP/PCr ratios in the higher end of the distribution. No differences in Pi/PCr, Pi/ATP or PME/PDE were detected. Outcomes are consistent with dynamic bioenergetic brain adaptations that are associated with female sex and endocrine aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven Jett
- Department of Neurology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10021, USA
| | - Jonathan P Dyke
- Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Caroline Andy
- Department of Population Health Sciences, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Eva Schelbaum
- Department of Neurology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10021, USA
| | - Grace Jang
- Department of Neurology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10021, USA
| | - Camila Boneu Yepez
- Department of Neurology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10021, USA
| | - Silky Pahlajani
- Department of Neurology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10021, USA
- Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ivan Diaz
- Department of Population Health Sciences, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Roberta Diaz Brinton
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
- Department of Neurology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Lisa Mosconi
- Department of Neurology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10021, USA.
- Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
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33
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Nguyen PH, Sterpone F, Derreumaux P. Self-Assembly of Amyloid-Beta (Aβ) Peptides from Solution to Near In Vivo Conditions. J Phys Chem B 2022; 126:10317-10326. [PMID: 36469912 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.2c06375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Understanding the atomistic resolution changes during the self-assembly of amyloid peptides or proteins is important to develop compounds or conditions to alter the aggregation pathways and suppress the toxicity and potentially aid in the development of drugs. However, the complexity of protein aggregation and the transient order/disorder of oligomers along the pathways to fibril are very challenging. In this Perspective, we discuss computational studies of amyloid polypeptides carried out under various conditions, including conditions closely mimicking in vivo and point out the challenges in obtaining physiologically relevant results, focusing mainly on the amyloid-beta Aβ peptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phuong H Nguyen
- CNRS, Université Paris Cité, UPR 9080, Laboratoire de Biochimie Théorique, Institut de Biologie Physico-Chimique, Fondation Edmond de Rothschild, 13 rue Pierre et Marie Curie, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Fabio Sterpone
- CNRS, Université Paris Cité, UPR 9080, Laboratoire de Biochimie Théorique, Institut de Biologie Physico-Chimique, Fondation Edmond de Rothschild, 13 rue Pierre et Marie Curie, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Philippe Derreumaux
- CNRS, Université Paris Cité, UPR 9080, Laboratoire de Biochimie Théorique, Institut de Biologie Physico-Chimique, Fondation Edmond de Rothschild, 13 rue Pierre et Marie Curie, 75005 Paris, France.,Institut Universitaire de France (IUF), 75005, Paris, France
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Ferreira I, Rauter AP, Bandarra NM. Marine Sources of DHA-Rich Phospholipids with Anti-Alzheimer Effect. Mar Drugs 2022; 20:662. [PMID: 36354985 PMCID: PMC9695993 DOI: 10.3390/md20110662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Revised: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 07/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a complex and progressive disease, which affects millions of people around the world. Despite the many efforts over the years to find efficient therapeutics, there is no cure yet. Nonetheless, many compounds have been proven to decrease Alzheimer's symptoms. After a short overview of the hypotheses considered in AD drug development and the drugs approved for AD treatment, which lead to symptom release, we focus on the valorization of natural marine sources that decrease AD symptoms, particularly on docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), an important component in membrane phospholipids and the most abundant n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) found in gray matter of the brain and in retina and on the DHA-containing phospholipids (DHA-PLs) present in marine sources, namely fish, krill, mollusks and in fisheries and aquaculture by-products. DHA-PLs' bioactivities are presented, namely their properties in anti-neurodegeneration, neuroinflammation, as anticancer agents, as well as their benefits to obesity and visual problems. Fisheries and aquaculture by-products are also highlighted as they have a high content of DHA and DHA-rich phospholipids, can be extracted by green methodologies and should be considered in a circular economy for a healthy sustainable future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inês Ferreira
- Centro de Química Estrutural, Institute of Molecular Sciences, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal
- Division of Aquaculture, Upgrading and Bioprospecting, Portuguese Institute of the Sea and Atmosphere, 1495-165 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Amélia P. Rauter
- Centro de Química Estrutural, Institute of Molecular Sciences, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Narcisa M. Bandarra
- Division of Aquaculture, Upgrading and Bioprospecting, Portuguese Institute of the Sea and Atmosphere, 1495-165 Lisboa, Portugal
- CIIMAR, Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, University of Porto, 4050-123 Porto, Portugal
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35
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Xing ZK, Du LS, Fang X, Liang H, Zhang SN, Shi L, Kuang CX, Han TX, Yang Q. The relationship among amyloid-β deposition, sphingomyelin level, and the expression and function of P-glycoprotein in Alzheimer's disease pathological process. Neural Regen Res 2022; 18:1300-1307. [PMID: 36453415 PMCID: PMC9838140 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.358607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
In Alzheimer's disease, the transporter P-glycoprotein is responsible for the clearance of amyloid-β in the brain. Amyloid-β correlates with the sphingomyelin metabolism, and sphingomyelin participates in the regulation of P-glycoprotein. The amyloid cascade hypothesis describes amyloid-β as the central cause of Alzheimer's disease neuropathology. Better understanding of the change of P-glycoprotein and sphingomyelin along with amyloid-β and their potential association in the pathological process of Alzheimer's disease is critical. Herein, we found that the expression of P-glycoprotein in APP/PS1 mice tended to increase with age and was significantly higher at 9 and 12 months of age than that in wild-type mice at comparable age. The functionality of P-glycoprotein of APP/PS1 mice did not change with age but was significantly lower than that of wild-type mice at 12 months of age. Decreased sphingomyelin levels, increased ceramide levels, and the increased expression and activity of neutral sphingomyelinase 1 were observed in APP/PS1 mice at 9 and 12 months of age compared with the levels in wild-type mice. Similar results were observed in the Alzheimer's disease mouse model induced by intracerebroventricular injection of amyloid-β1-42 and human cerebral microvascular endothelial cells treated with amyloid-β1-42. In human cerebral microvascular endothelial cells, neutral sphingomyelinase 1 inhibitor interfered with the changes of sphingomyelin metabolism and P-glycoprotein expression and functionality caused by amyloid-β1-42 treatment. Neutral sphingomyelinase 1 regulated the expression and functionality of P-glycoprotein and the levels of sphingomyelin and ceramide. Together, these findings indicate that neutral sphingomyelinase 1 regulates the expression and function of P-glycoprotein via the sphingomyelin/ceramide pathway. These studies may serve as new pursuits for the development of anti-Alzheimer's disease drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zi-Kang Xing
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Industrial Microorganisms, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Li-Sha Du
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Industrial Microorganisms, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xin Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Industrial Microorganisms, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Heng Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Industrial Microorganisms, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Sheng-Nan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Industrial Microorganisms, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lei Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Industrial Microorganisms, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chun-Xiang Kuang
- Shanghai Key Lab of Chemical Assessment and Sustainability, School of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Tian-Xiong Han
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tenth People’s Hospital of Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qing Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Industrial Microorganisms, Fudan University, Shanghai, China,Correspondence to: Qing Yang, .
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36
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Machado-Fragua MD, Landré B, Chen M, Fayosse A, Dugravot A, Kivimaki M, Sabia S, Singh-Manoux A. Circulating serum metabolites as predictors of dementia: a machine learning approach in a 21-year follow-up of the Whitehall II cohort study. BMC Med 2022; 20:334. [PMID: 36163029 PMCID: PMC9513883 DOI: 10.1186/s12916-022-02519-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Age is the strongest risk factor for dementia and there is considerable interest in identifying scalable, blood-based biomarkers in predicting dementia. We examined the role of midlife serum metabolites using a machine learning approach and determined whether the selected metabolites improved prediction accuracy beyond the effect of age. METHODS Five thousand three hundred seventy-four participants from the Whitehall II study, mean age 55.8 (standard deviation (SD) 6.0) years in 1997-1999 when 233 metabolites were quantified using nuclear magnetic resonance metabolomics. Participants were followed for a median 21.0 (IQR 20.4, 21.7) years for clinically-diagnosed dementia (N=329). Elastic net penalized Cox regression with 100 repetitions of nested cross-validation was used to select models that improved prediction accuracy for incident dementia compared to an age-only model. Risk scores reflecting the frequency with which predictors appeared in the selected models were constructed, and their predictive accuracy was examined using Royston's R2, Akaike's information criterion, sensitivity, specificity, C-statistic and calibration. RESULTS Sixteen of the 100 models had a better c-statistic compared to an age-only model and 15 metabolites were selected at least once in all 16 models with glucose present in all models. Five risk scores, reflecting the frequency of selection of metabolites, and a 1-SD increment in all five risk scores was associated with higher dementia risk (HR between 3.13 and 3.26). Three of these, constituted of 4, 5 and 15 metabolites, had better prediction accuracy (c-statistic from 0.788 to 0.796) compared to an age-only model (c-statistic 0.780), all p<0.05. CONCLUSIONS Although there was robust evidence for the role of glucose in dementia, metabolites measured in midlife made only a modest contribution to dementia prediction once age was taken into account.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcos D Machado-Fragua
- Université de Paris, Inserm U1153, Epidemiology of Ageing and Neurodegenerative Diseases, 10 Avenue de Verdun, 75010, Paris, France.
| | - Benjamin Landré
- Université de Paris, Inserm U1153, Epidemiology of Ageing and Neurodegenerative Diseases, 10 Avenue de Verdun, 75010, Paris, France
| | - Mathilde Chen
- Université de Paris, Inserm U1153, Epidemiology of Ageing and Neurodegenerative Diseases, 10 Avenue de Verdun, 75010, Paris, France
| | - Aurore Fayosse
- Université de Paris, Inserm U1153, Epidemiology of Ageing and Neurodegenerative Diseases, 10 Avenue de Verdun, 75010, Paris, France
| | - Aline Dugravot
- Université de Paris, Inserm U1153, Epidemiology of Ageing and Neurodegenerative Diseases, 10 Avenue de Verdun, 75010, Paris, France
| | - Mika Kivimaki
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Séverine Sabia
- Université de Paris, Inserm U1153, Epidemiology of Ageing and Neurodegenerative Diseases, 10 Avenue de Verdun, 75010, Paris, France.,Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Archana Singh-Manoux
- Université de Paris, Inserm U1153, Epidemiology of Ageing and Neurodegenerative Diseases, 10 Avenue de Verdun, 75010, Paris, France.,Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, London, UK
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Theiss EL, Griebsch LV, Lauer AA, Janitschke D, Erhardt VKJ, Haas EC, Kuppler KN, Radermacher J, Walzer O, Portius D, Grimm HS, Hartmann T, Grimm MOW. Vitamin B12 Attenuates Changes in Phospholipid Levels Related to Oxidative Stress in SH-SY5Y Cells. Cells 2022; 11:cells11162574. [PMID: 36010649 PMCID: PMC9406929 DOI: 10.3390/cells11162574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Revised: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress is closely linked to Alzheimer’s disease (AD), and is detected peripherally as well as in AD-vulnerable brain regions. Oxidative stress results from an imbalance between the generation and degradation of reactive oxidative species (ROS), leading to the oxidation of proteins, nucleic acids, and lipids. Extensive lipid changes have been found in post mortem AD brain tissue; these changes include the levels of total phospholipids, sphingomyelin, and ceramide, as well as plasmalogens, which are highly susceptible to oxidation because of their vinyl ether bond at the sn-1 position of the glycerol-backbone. Several lines of evidence indicate that a deficiency in the neurotropic vitamin B12 is linked with AD. In the present study, treatment of the neuroblastoma cell line SH-SY5Y with vitamin B12 resulted in elevated levels of phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine, sphingomyelin, and plasmalogens. Vitamin B12 also protected plasmalogens from hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)-induced oxidative stress due to an elevated expression of the ROS-degrading enzymes superoxide-dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT). Furthermore, vitamin B12 elevates plasmalogen synthesis by increasing the expression of alkylglycerone phosphate synthase (AGPS) and choline phosphotransferase 1 (CHPT1) in SH-SY5Y cells exposed to H2O2-induced oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Oliver Walzer
- Experimental Neurology, Saarland University, 66424 Homburg, Germany
| | - Dorothea Portius
- Nutrition Therapy and Counseling, Campus Gera, SRH University of Applied Health Science, 07548 Gera, Germany
| | | | - Tobias Hartmann
- Experimental Neurology, Saarland University, 66424 Homburg, Germany
- Deutsches Institut für DemenzPrävention, Saarland University, 66424 Homburg, Germany
| | - Marcus Otto Walter Grimm
- Experimental Neurology, Saarland University, 66424 Homburg, Germany
- Deutsches Institut für DemenzPrävention, Saarland University, 66424 Homburg, Germany
- Nutrition Therapy and Counseling, Campus Rheinland, SRH University of Applied Health Sciences, 51377 Leverkusen, Germany
- Correspondence: or
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38
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Ma X, Li X, Wang W, Zhang M, Yang B, Miao Z. Phosphatidylserine, inflammation, and central nervous system diseases. Front Aging Neurosci 2022; 14:975176. [PMID: 35992593 PMCID: PMC9382310 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2022.975176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Phosphatidylserine (PS) is an anionic phospholipid in the eukaryotic membrane and is abundant in the brain. Accumulated studies have revealed that PS is involved in the multiple functions of the brain, such as activation of membrane signaling pathways, neuroinflammation, neurotransmission, and synaptic refinement. Those functions of PS are related to central nervous system (CNS) diseases. In this review, we discuss the metabolism of PS, the anti-inflammation function of PS in the brain; the alterations of PS in different CNS diseases, and the possibility of PS to serve as a therapeutic agent for diseases. Clinical studies have showed that PS has no side effects and is well tolerated. Therefore, PS and PS liposome could be a promising supplementation for these neurodegenerative and neurodevelopmental diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohua Ma
- Department of Neurology and Clinical Research Center of Neurological Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- Institute of Neuroscience, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Xiaojing Li
- Suzhou Science and Technology Town Hospital, Suzhou, China
| | - Wenjuan Wang
- Institute of Neuroscience, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Meng Zhang
- Institute of Neuroscience, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Bo Yang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Bo Yang,
| | - Zhigang Miao
- Department of Neurology and Clinical Research Center of Neurological Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- Institute of Neuroscience, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- Zhigang Miao,
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Ceramide and Sphingosine-1-Phosphate in Neurodegenerative Disorders and Their Potential Involvement in Therapy. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23147806. [PMID: 35887154 PMCID: PMC9324343 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23147806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Revised: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative disorders (ND) are progressive diseases of the nervous system, often without resolutive therapy. They are characterized by a progressive impairment and loss of specific brain regions and neuronal populations. Cellular and animal model studies have identified several molecular mechanisms that play an important role in the pathogenesis of ND. Among them are alterations of lipids, in particular sphingolipids, that play a crucial role in neurodegeneration. Overall, during ND, ceramide-dependent pro-apoptotic signalling is promoted, whereas levels of the neuroprotective spingosine-1-phosphate are reduced. Moreover, ND are characterized by alterations of the metabolism of complex sphingolipids. The finding that altered sphingolipid metabolism has a role in ND suggests that its modulation might provide a useful strategy to identify targets for possible therapies. In this review, based on the current literature, we will discuss how bioactive sphingolipids (spingosine-1-phosphate and ceramide) are involved in some ND (Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis) and their possible involvement in therapies.
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40
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Hancock SE, Friedrich MG, Mitchell TW, Truscott RJW, Else PL. Changes in Phospholipid Composition of the Human Cerebellum and Motor Cortex during Normal Ageing. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14122495. [PMID: 35745225 PMCID: PMC9230801 DOI: 10.3390/nu14122495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Revised: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Changes in phospholipid (phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine and phosphatidylserine, i.e., PC, PE and PS) composition with age in the mitochondrial and microsomal membranes of the human cerebellum and motor cortex were examined and compared to previous analyses of the prefrontal cortex, hippocampus and entorhinal cortex. (2) Methods: Nano-electrospray ionization on a hybrid triple quadrupole−linear ion trap mass spectrometer was used to analyse the brain regions of subjects aged 18−104 years. (3) Results: With age, the cerebellum showed many changes in the major phospholipids (>10% of the phospholipid class). In both membrane types, these included increases in PE 18:0_22:6 and PS 18:0_22:6, decreases in PE 18:0_20:4 and PS 18:0_18:1 and an increase in PC 16:0_16:0 (microsomal membrane only). In addition, twenty-one minor phospholipids also changed. In the motor cortex, only ten minor phospholipids changed with age. With age, the acyl composition of the membranes in the cerebellum increased in docosahexaenoic acid (22:6) and decreased in the arachidonic (20:4) and adrenic (22:4) acids. A comparison of phospholipid changes in the cerebellum, motor cortex and other brain areas is provided. (4) Conclusions: The cerebellum is exceptional in the large number of major phospholipids that undergo changes (with consequential changes in acyl composition) with age, whereas the motor cortex is highly resistant to change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah E. Hancock
- Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Darlinghurst, NSW 2010, Australia;
| | - Michael G. Friedrich
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia; (M.G.F.); (T.W.M.); (R.J.W.T.)
| | - Todd W. Mitchell
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia; (M.G.F.); (T.W.M.); (R.J.W.T.)
- School of Medical, Indigenous and Health Sciences, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia
| | - Roger J. W. Truscott
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia; (M.G.F.); (T.W.M.); (R.J.W.T.)
| | - Paul L. Else
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia; (M.G.F.); (T.W.M.); (R.J.W.T.)
- School of Medical, Indigenous and Health Sciences, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +61-242682615
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Lipidomics of Bioactive Lipids in Alzheimer's and Parkinson's Diseases: Where Are We? Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23116235. [PMID: 35682914 PMCID: PMC9181703 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23116235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2022] [Revised: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipids are not only constituents of cellular membranes, but they are also key signaling mediators, thus acting as “bioactive lipids”. Among the prominent roles exerted by bioactive lipids are immune regulation, inflammation, and maintenance of homeostasis. Accumulated evidence indicates the existence of a bidirectional relationship between the immune and nervous systems, and lipids can interact particularly with the aggregation and propagation of many pathogenic proteins that are well-renowned hallmarks of several neurodegenerative disorders, including Alzheimer’s (AD) and Parkinson’s (PD) diseases. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge about the presence and quantification of the main classes of endogenous bioactive lipids, namely glycerophospholipids/sphingolipids, classical eicosanoids, pro-resolving lipid mediators, and endocannabinoids, in AD and PD patients, as well as their most-used animal models, by means of lipidomic analyses, advocating for these lipid mediators as powerful biomarkers of pathology, diagnosis, and progression, as well as predictors of response or activity to different current therapies for these neurodegenerative diseases.
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Saleh MAA, Bloemberg JS, Elassaiss-Schaap J, de Lange ECM. Drug Distribution in Brain and Cerebrospinal Fluids in Relation to IC 50 Values in Aging and Alzheimer's Disease, Using the Physiologically Based LeiCNS-PK3.0 Model. Pharm Res 2022; 39:1303-1319. [PMID: 35606598 PMCID: PMC9246802 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-022-03281-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Background Very little knowledge exists on the impact of Alzheimer’s disease on the CNS target site pharmacokinetics (PK). Aim To predict the CNS PK of cognitively healthy young and elderly and of Alzheimer’s patients using the physiologically based LeiCNS-PK3.0 model. Methods LeiCNS-PK3.0 was used to predict the PK profiles in brain extracellular (brainECF) and intracellular (brainICF) fluids and cerebrospinal fluid of the subarachnoid space (CSFSAS) of donepezil, galantamine, memantine, rivastigmine, and semagacestat in young, elderly, and Alzheimer’s patients. The physiological parameters of LeiCNS-PK3.0 were adapted for aging and Alzheimer’s based on an extensive literature search. The CNS PK profiles at plateau for clinical dose regimens were related to in vitro IC50 values of acetylcholinesterase, butyrylcholinesterase, N-methyl-D-aspartate, or gamma-secretase. Results The PK profiles of all drugs differed between the CNS compartments regarding plateau levels and fluctuation. BrainECF, brainICF and CSFSAS PK profile relationships were different between the drugs. Aging and Alzheimer’s had little to no impact on CNS PK. Rivastigmine acetylcholinesterase IC50 values were not reached. Semagacestat brain PK plateau levels were below the IC50 of gamma-secretase for half of the interdose interval, unlike CSFSAS PK profiles that were consistently above IC50. Conclusion This study provides insights into the relations between CNS compartments PK profiles, including target sites. CSFSAS PK appears to be an unreliable predictor of brain PK. Also, despite extensive changes in blood-brain barrier and brain properties in Alzheimer’s, this study shows that the impact of aging and Alzheimer’s pathology on CNS distribution of the five drugs is insignificant. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s11095-022-03281-3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed A A Saleh
- Division of Systems Pharmacology and Pharmacy, Leiden Academic Center for Drug Research, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Julia S Bloemberg
- Division of Systems Pharmacology and Pharmacy, Leiden Academic Center for Drug Research, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Jeroen Elassaiss-Schaap
- Division of Systems Pharmacology and Pharmacy, Leiden Academic Center for Drug Research, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
- PD-value B.V., Houten, The Netherlands
| | - Elizabeth C M de Lange
- Division of Systems Pharmacology and Pharmacy, Leiden Academic Center for Drug Research, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands.
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43
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Zheng Y, Xu Q, Jin Q, Du Y, Yan J, Gao H, Zheng H. Urinary and faecal metabolic characteristics in APP/PS1 transgenic mouse model of Alzheimer's disease with and without cognitive decline. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2022; 604:130-136. [PMID: 35303679 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2022.03.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) has been considered to be a systematic metabolic disorder, but little information is available about metabolic changes in the urine and feces. In this study, we investigated urinary and faecal metabolic profiles in amyloid precursor protein/presenilin 1 (APP/PS1) mice at 3 and 9 months of age (3 M and 9 M) and age-matched wild-type (WT) mice by using 1H NMR-based metabolomics, and aimed to explore changes in metabolic pathways during amyloid pathology progression and identify potential metabolite biomarkers at earlier stage of AD. The results show that learning and memory abilities were impaired in APP/PS1 mice relative to WT mice at 9 M, but not at 3 M. However, metabolomics analysis demonstrates that AD disrupted metabolic phenotypes in the urine and feces of APP/PS1 mice at both 3 M and 9 M, including amino acid metabolism, microbial metabolism and energy metabolism. In addition, several potential metabolite biomarkers were identified for discriminating AD and WT mice prior to cognitive decline with the AUC values from 0.755 to 0.971, such as taurine, hippurate, urea and methylamine in the urine as well as alanine, leucine and valine in the feces. Therefore, our results not only confirmed AD as a metabolic disorder, but also contributed to the identification of potential biomarkers at earlier stage of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yafei Zheng
- Institute of Metabonomics & Medical NMR, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, China
| | - Qingqing Xu
- Institute of Metabonomics & Medical NMR, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, China
| | - Qihao Jin
- Institute of Metabonomics & Medical NMR, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, China
| | - Yao Du
- Institute of Metabonomics & Medical NMR, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, China
| | - Junjie Yan
- Institute of Metabonomics & Medical NMR, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, China
| | - Hongchang Gao
- Institute of Metabonomics & Medical NMR, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, China.
| | - Hong Zheng
- Institute of Metabonomics & Medical NMR, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, China.
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44
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Sphingolipid control of cognitive functions in health and disease. Prog Lipid Res 2022; 86:101162. [DOI: 10.1016/j.plipres.2022.101162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Revised: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Janitschke D, Lauer AA, Bachmann CM, Winkler J, Griebsch LV, Pilz SM, Theiss EL, Grimm HS, Hartmann T, Grimm MOW. Methylxanthines Induce a Change in the AD/Neurodegeneration-Linked Lipid Profile in Neuroblastoma Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:2295. [PMID: 35216410 PMCID: PMC8875332 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23042295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Revised: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is characterized by an increased plaque burden and tangle accumulation in the brain accompanied by extensive lipid alterations. Methylxanthines (MTXs) are alkaloids frequently consumed by dietary intake known to interfere with the molecular mechanisms leading to AD. Besides the fact that MTX consumption is associated with changes in triglycerides and cholesterol in serum and liver, little is known about the effect of MTXs on other lipid classes, which raises the question of whether MTX can alter lipids in a way that may be relevant in AD. Here we have analyzed naturally occurring MTXs caffeine, theobromine, theophylline, and the synthetic MTXs pentoxifylline and propentofylline also used as drugs in different neuroblastoma cell lines. Our results show that lipid alterations are not limited to triglycerides and cholesterol in the liver and serum, but also include changes in sphingomyelins, ceramides, phosphatidylcholine, and plasmalogens in neuroblastoma cells. These changes comprise alterations known to be beneficial, but also adverse effects regarding AD were observed. Our results give an additional perspective of the complex link between MTX and AD, and suggest combining MTX with a lipid-altering diet compensating the adverse effects of MTX rather than using MTX alone to prevent or treat AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Janitschke
- Experimental Neurology, Saarland University, 66421 Homburg, Germany; (D.J.); (A.A.L.); (C.M.B.); (J.W.); (L.V.G.); (S.M.P.); (E.L.T.); (H.S.G.); (T.H.)
| | - Anna Andrea Lauer
- Experimental Neurology, Saarland University, 66421 Homburg, Germany; (D.J.); (A.A.L.); (C.M.B.); (J.W.); (L.V.G.); (S.M.P.); (E.L.T.); (H.S.G.); (T.H.)
| | - Cornel Manuel Bachmann
- Experimental Neurology, Saarland University, 66421 Homburg, Germany; (D.J.); (A.A.L.); (C.M.B.); (J.W.); (L.V.G.); (S.M.P.); (E.L.T.); (H.S.G.); (T.H.)
| | - Jakob Winkler
- Experimental Neurology, Saarland University, 66421 Homburg, Germany; (D.J.); (A.A.L.); (C.M.B.); (J.W.); (L.V.G.); (S.M.P.); (E.L.T.); (H.S.G.); (T.H.)
| | - Lea Victoria Griebsch
- Experimental Neurology, Saarland University, 66421 Homburg, Germany; (D.J.); (A.A.L.); (C.M.B.); (J.W.); (L.V.G.); (S.M.P.); (E.L.T.); (H.S.G.); (T.H.)
| | - Sabrina Melanie Pilz
- Experimental Neurology, Saarland University, 66421 Homburg, Germany; (D.J.); (A.A.L.); (C.M.B.); (J.W.); (L.V.G.); (S.M.P.); (E.L.T.); (H.S.G.); (T.H.)
| | - Elena Leoni Theiss
- Experimental Neurology, Saarland University, 66421 Homburg, Germany; (D.J.); (A.A.L.); (C.M.B.); (J.W.); (L.V.G.); (S.M.P.); (E.L.T.); (H.S.G.); (T.H.)
| | - Heike Sabine Grimm
- Experimental Neurology, Saarland University, 66421 Homburg, Germany; (D.J.); (A.A.L.); (C.M.B.); (J.W.); (L.V.G.); (S.M.P.); (E.L.T.); (H.S.G.); (T.H.)
| | - Tobias Hartmann
- Experimental Neurology, Saarland University, 66421 Homburg, Germany; (D.J.); (A.A.L.); (C.M.B.); (J.W.); (L.V.G.); (S.M.P.); (E.L.T.); (H.S.G.); (T.H.)
- Deutsches Institut für Demenzprävention, Saarland University, 66421 Homburg, Germany
| | - Marcus Otto Walter Grimm
- Experimental Neurology, Saarland University, 66421 Homburg, Germany; (D.J.); (A.A.L.); (C.M.B.); (J.W.); (L.V.G.); (S.M.P.); (E.L.T.); (H.S.G.); (T.H.)
- Deutsches Institut für Demenzprävention, Saarland University, 66421 Homburg, Germany
- Nutrition Therapy and Counseling, Campus Rheinland, SRH University of Applied Health Science, 51377 Leverkusen, Germany
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Paasila PJ, Aramideh JA, Sutherland GT, Graeber MB. Synapses, Microglia, and Lipids in Alzheimer's Disease. Front Neurosci 2022; 15:778822. [PMID: 35095394 PMCID: PMC8789683 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2021.778822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is characterised by synaptic dysfunction accompanied by the microscopically visible accumulation of pathological protein deposits and cellular dystrophy involving both neurons and glia. Late-stage AD shows pronounced loss of synapses and neurons across several differentially affected brain regions. Recent studies of advanced AD using post-mortem brain samples have demonstrated the direct involvement of microglia in synaptic changes. Variants of the Apolipoprotein E and Triggering Receptors Expressed on Myeloid Cells gene represent important determinants of microglial activity but also of lipid metabolism in cells of the central nervous system. Here we review evidence that may help to explain how abnormal lipid metabolism, microglial activation, and synaptic pathophysiology are inter-related in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick J. Paasila
- Charles Perkins Centre, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
- School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, NSW, Australia
| | - Jason A. Aramideh
- Brain and Mind Centre, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
| | - Greg T. Sutherland
- Charles Perkins Centre, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
| | - Manuel B. Graeber
- Brain and Mind Centre, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
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47
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Pan HY, Ye ZW, Zheng QW, Yun F, Tu MZ, Hong WG, Chen BX, Guo LQ, Lin JF. Ergothioneine exhibits longevity-extension effect in Drosophila melanogaster via regulation of cholinergic neurotransmission, tyrosine metabolism, and fatty acid oxidation. Food Funct 2022; 13:227-241. [PMID: 34877949 DOI: 10.1039/d1fo02758a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Many studies have demonstrated the protective effect of ergothioneine (EGT), the unique sulfur-containing antioxidant found in mushrooms, on several aging-related diseases. Nevertheless, to date, no single study has explored the potential role of EGT in the lifespan of animal models. We show here that EGT consistently extends fly lifespan in diverse genetic backgrounds and both sexes, as well as in a dose and gender-dependent manner. Additionally, EGT is shown to increases the climbing activity of flies, enhance acetylcholinesterase (AchE) activity, and maintain the ratio of reduced glutathione (GSH) to oxidized glutathione (GSSG)of aged flies. The increase in lifespan by EGT is gut microorganism dependent. We proposed potential mechanisms of lifespan extension in Drosophila by EGT through RNA-seq analysis: preservation of the normal status of the central nervous system via the coordination of cholinergic neurotransmission, tyrosine metabolism, and peroxisomal proteins, regulation of autophagic activity by altering the lysosomal protein CTSD, and the preservation of normal mitochondrial function through controlled substrate feeding into the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, the major energy-yielding metabolic process in cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Yu Pan
- College of Food Science & Institute of Food Biotechnology, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510640, China. .,Research Center for Micro-Ecological Agent Engineering and Technology of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Zhi-Wei Ye
- College of Food Science & Institute of Food Biotechnology, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510640, China. .,Research Center for Micro-Ecological Agent Engineering and Technology of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Qian-Wang Zheng
- College of Food Science & Institute of Food Biotechnology, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510640, China. .,Research Center for Micro-Ecological Agent Engineering and Technology of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Fan Yun
- Guangzhou Alchemy Biotechnology Co., Guangzhou 510760, China
| | - Ming-Zhen Tu
- College of Food Science & Institute of Food Biotechnology, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510640, China.
| | - Wei-Guo Hong
- College of Food Science & Institute of Food Biotechnology, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510640, China.
| | - Bai-Xiong Chen
- College of Food Science & Institute of Food Biotechnology, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510640, China. .,Research Center for Micro-Ecological Agent Engineering and Technology of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Li-Qiong Guo
- College of Food Science & Institute of Food Biotechnology, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510640, China. .,Research Center for Micro-Ecological Agent Engineering and Technology of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Jun-Fang Lin
- College of Food Science & Institute of Food Biotechnology, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510640, China. .,Research Center for Micro-Ecological Agent Engineering and Technology of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou 510640, China
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48
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Gupta M, Weaver DF. Axonal plasma membrane-mediated toxicity of cholesterol in Alzheimer's disease: A microsecond molecular dynamics study. Biophys Chem 2021; 281:106718. [PMID: 34808480 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpc.2021.106718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Revised: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease is increasingly being recognized as an immune-mediated disease of brain. Since physiological brain health and brain immune function is dependent upon homeostatic neuronal membrane structure and function, alterations in membrane lipid biochemistry may predispose to disease. Brain is rich in cholesterol, and cholesterol metabolism dysfunction is a known risk factor for AD. Employing extensive microsecond all-atom molecular dynamics simulations, we investigated the properties of model neuronal membranes as a function of cholesterol concentration; phospholipid and phospholipid/cholesterol bilayers were also simulated to compare against available experimental data. Increased cholesterol concentrations compact and stiffen the lipid membrane, reducing permeability while modulating local water densities in the peri-membranous environment. Conversely, lower cholesterol mole fraction yields membranes with increased molecular disorder, enhanced fluidity, higher molecular tilting, and augmented interdigitation between bilayer leaflet lipids. Our findings provide a molecular insight on effect of cholesterol composition on various biochemical processes occurring at neuronal axon plasma membrane. These calculations also endeavor to establish a membrane-based link between cholesterol as an AD risk factor and possible AD pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayuri Gupta
- Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network, 60 Leonard Avenue, Toronto M5T 0S8, Canada
| | - Donald F Weaver
- Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network, 60 Leonard Avenue, Toronto M5T 0S8, Canada; Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto M55 3H6, Canada; Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto M5G 2C4, Canada; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto M5S 3M2, Canada.
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49
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Heath RJ, Wood TR. Why Have the Benefits of DHA Not Been Borne Out in the Treatment and Prevention of Alzheimer's Disease? A Narrative Review Focused on DHA Metabolism and Adipose Tissue. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:11826. [PMID: 34769257 PMCID: PMC8584218 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222111826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Revised: 10/23/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), an omega-3 fatty acid rich in seafood, is linked to Alzheimer's Disease via strong epidemiological and pre-clinical evidence, yet fish oil or other DHA supplementation has not consistently shown benefit to the prevention or treatment of Alzheimer's Disease. Furthermore, autopsy studies of Alzheimer's Disease brain show variable DHA status, demonstrating that the relationship between DHA and neurodegeneration is complex and not fully understood. Recently, it has been suggested that the forms of DHA in the diet and plasma have specific metabolic fates that may affect brain uptake; however, the effect of DHA form on brain uptake is less pronounced in studies of longer duration. One major confounder of studies relating dietary DHA and Alzheimer's Disease may be that adipose tissue acts as a long-term depot of DHA for the brain, but this is poorly understood in the context of neurodegeneration. Future work is required to develop biomarkers of brain DHA and better understand DHA-based therapies in the setting of altered brain DHA uptake to help determine whether brain DHA should remain an important target in the prevention of Alzheimer's Disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rory J. Heath
- Emergency Medicine Department, Derriford Hospital, University Hospitals Plymouth, Plymouth PL6 8DH, UK;
| | - Thomas R. Wood
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
- Center on Human Development and Disability, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
- Institute for Human and Machine Cognition, Pensacola, FL 32502, USA
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50
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Llano DA, Devanarayan V. Serum Phosphatidylethanolamine and Lysophosphatidylethanolamine Levels Differentiate Alzheimer's Disease from Controls and Predict Progression from Mild Cognitive Impairment. J Alzheimers Dis 2021; 80:311-319. [PMID: 33523012 DOI: 10.3233/jad-201420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is intense interest in the development of blood-based biomarkers, not only that can differentiate Alzheimer's disease (AD) from controls, but that can also predict conversion from mild cognitive impairment (MCI) to AD. Serum biomarkers carry the potential advantage over imaging or spinal fluid markers both in terms of cost and invasiveness. OBJECTIVE Our objective was to measure the potential for serum lipid markers to differentiate AD from age-matched healthy controls as well as to predict conversion from MCI to AD. METHODS Using a publicly-available dataset, we examined the relationship between baseline serum levels of 349 known lipids from 16 classes of lipids to differentiate disease state as well as to predict the conversion from MCI to AD. RESULTS We observed that several classes of lipids (cholesteroyl ester, phosphatidylethanolamine, lysophosphatidylethanolamine, and acylcarnitine) differentiated AD from normal controls. Among these, only two classes, phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) and lysophosphatidylethanolamine (lyso-PE), predicted time to conversion from MCI to AD. Low levels of PE and high levels of lyso-PE result in two-fold faster median time to progression from MCI to AD, with hazard ratios 0.62 and 1.34, respectively. CONCLUSION These data suggest that serum PE and lyso-PE may be useful biomarkers for predicting MCI to AD conversion. In addition, since PE is converted to lyso-PE by phospholipase A2, an important inflammatory mediator that is dysregulated in AD, these data suggest that the disrupted serum lipid profile here may be related to an abnormal inflammatory response early in the AD pathologic cascade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel A Llano
- Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA.,Carle Neuroscience Institute, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Viswanath Devanarayan
- GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, PA, USA.,Department of Mathematics, Statistics and Computer Science, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
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