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Chaiya P, Rojviriya C, Pichayakorn W, Phaechamud T. New Insight into the Impact of Effervescence on Gel Layer Microstructure and Drug Release of Effervescent Matrices Using Combined Mechanical and Imaging Characterisation Techniques. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:2299. [PMID: 36365118 PMCID: PMC9694726 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14112299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Revised: 10/23/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Gel layer characteristics play a crucial role in hydrophilic hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) matrix development. Effervescent agents have the potential to affect the gel layer microstructures. This study aimed to investigate the influence of effervescence on the microstructure of the gel layer around HPMC matrices using a combination of texture analysis and imaging techniques. The relationship with drug release profile and release mechanisms were also examined. The high amounts of effervescent agents promoted a rapid carbonation reaction, resulting in a high gel layer formation with a low gel strength through texture analysis. This finding was ascribed to the enhanced surface roughness and porosity observed under digital microscopy and microporous structure of the gel layer under scanning electron microscopy. The reconstructed three-dimensional images from synchrotron radiation X-ray tomographic microscopy notably exhibited the interconnected pores of various sizes from the carbonation reaction of effervescent and microporous networks, indicating the gel layer on the tablet surface. Notably, effervescence promoted the increase in interconnected porosities, which directly influenced the strength of the gel layer microstructure, drug release patterns and release mechanism of the effervescent matrix tablet. Therefore, combined mechanical characterisation and imaging techniques can provide new insights into the role of effervescent agents on the gel layer microstructure, and describe the relationship of drug release patterns and release mechanism of matrix tablets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pornsit Chaiya
- Programme of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Faculty of Pharmacy, Silpakorn University, Nakhon Pathom 73000, Thailand
- School of Pharmacy, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat 80160, Thailand
| | - Catleya Rojviriya
- Synchrotron Light Research Institute (Public Organization), Nakhon Ratchasima 30000, Thailand
| | - Wiwat Pichayakorn
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla 90110, Thailand
| | - Thawatchai Phaechamud
- Programme of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Faculty of Pharmacy, Silpakorn University, Nakhon Pathom 73000, Thailand
- Department of Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Silpakorn University, Nakhon Pathom 73000, Thailand
- Natural Bioactive and Material for Health Promotion and Drug Delivery System Group (NBM Group), Faculty of Pharmacy, Silpakorn University, Nakhon Pathom 73000, Thailand
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2
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Agafonov M, Garibyan A, Terekhova I. Improving pharmacologically relevant properties of sulfasalazine loaded in γ-cyclodextrin-based metal organic framework. J IND ENG CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jiec.2021.10.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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3
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Brown B, Ward A, Fazili Z, Østergaard J, Asare-Addo K. Application of UV dissolution imaging to pharmaceutical systems. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2021; 177:113949. [PMID: 34461199 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2021.113949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Revised: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
UV-vis spectrometry is widely used in the pharmaceutical sciences for compound quantification, alone or in conjunction with separation techniques, due to most drug entities possessing a chromophore absorbing light in the range 190-800 nm. UV dissolution imaging, the scope of this review, generates spatially and temporally resolved absorbance maps by exploiting the UV absorbance of the analyte. This review aims to give an introduction to UV dissolution imaging and its use in the determination of intrinsic dissolution rates and drug release from whole dosage forms. Applications of UV imaging to non-oral formulations have started to emerge and are reviewed together with the possibility of utilizing UV imaging for physical chemical characterisation of drug substances. The benefits of imaging drug diffusion and transport processes are also discussed.
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Shahzad Y, Ibrar N, Hussain T, Yousaf AM, Khan IU, Rizvi SAA. Relevancy of Nizatidine’s Release from Floating Tablets with Viscosity of Various Cellulose Ethers. SCI 2021; 3:22. [DOI: 10.3390/sci3020022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Nizatidine is a gastroprotective drug with a short biological half-life and narrow absorption window. This study aimed at developing floating tablets of nizatidine using various HPMC viscosity grades, namely K4M, E4M, K15 and K200M. Directly compressed tablets revealed an excellent uniformity in hardness, thickness and weight and nizatidine was evenly distributed within the matrix floating tablets. Buoyancy study revealed floating lag time as low as 18–38 s, and tablets remain buoyant for upto 24 h. However, the later depended upon viscosity grade of HPMC and that the higher the viscosity, the less was the total floating time. In vitro dissolution indicated viscosity dependent nizatidine release from the floating tablets. HPMC K4M and E4M based floating tablets released almost 100% drug in 12 h, whilst higher viscosity polymers such as K15 and K200M only released 81.88% and 75.81% drug, respectively. The drug release followed non-Fickian diffusion from tablets formulated with K4M, K15 and K200M, whilst super case II transport was observed with E4M based tablets. More interestingly, K4M and E4M polymers have similar viscosity yet exhibited different drug release mechanism. This was attributed to the difference in degree of substitution of methoxyl- and hydroxypropoxyl- groups on polymer backbone.
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Application of Focus Variation Microscopy and Dissolution Imaging in Understanding the Behaviour of Hydrophilic Matrices. Pharmaceutics 2020; 12:pharmaceutics12121162. [PMID: 33260657 PMCID: PMC7759878 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics12121162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Revised: 11/13/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Hydrophilic matrix systems can be found in a wide range of extended release pharmaceutical formulations. The main principle of these systems is that upon contact with water, the hydrophilic component swells to form a hydrated gel layer which controls drug release. The following work demonstrates an explorative study into the use of dissolution imaging and focus variation microscopy with hydrophilic polymers. This study investigated the surface properties of xanthan gum (XG), polyethylene oxide (PEO), and hypromellose (hydroxypropyl methylcellulose, HPMC) compacts with each of these three hydrophilic polymers from one of each classification of natural, semi-synthetic, or synthetic polymer using a focus variation instrument. The auto correlation length (Sal) showed all surface profiles from the compacts displayed a value below 0.1 mm, indicating that only high frequency components (i.e., roughness) were considered and that the analysis had been successful. The developed interfacial area ratio (Sdr) displayed values below 5% in line with ISO guidelines for all the polymers studied with their texture aspect ratio values (Str) > 0.5, indicating uniformity of the surfaces of the produced compacts. Of the various parameters studied, areal material ratio (Smr2) predicted XG to wet and hydrate quicker than PEO, with PEO also wetting and hydrating quicker than the HPMC. The dissolution imaging and initial swelling studies proved to concur with the findings from the areal material ratio (Smr2) parameter, suggesting porosity was not an indicator for the ease with which water ingress occurs. This study suggests the Smr2 surface parameter to potentially predict wetting and initial hydration of hydrophilic polymers, however care should be taken as this study consists of a selected number of hydrophilic polymers.
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6
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Mašková E, Kubová K, Raimi-Abraham BT, Vllasaliu D, Vohlídalová E, Turánek J, Mašek J. Hypromellose - A traditional pharmaceutical excipient with modern applications in oral and oromucosal drug delivery. J Control Release 2020; 324:695-727. [PMID: 32479845 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2020.05.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2020] [Revised: 05/27/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Hydroxypropylmethylcellulose (HPMC), also known as Hypromellose, is a traditional pharmaceutical excipient widely exploited in oral sustained drug release matrix systems. The choice of numerous viscosity grades and molecular weights available from different manufacturers provides a great variability in its physical-chemical properties and is a basis for its broad successful application in pharmaceutical research, development, and manufacturing. The excellent mucoadhesive properties of HPMC predetermine its use in oromucosal delivery systems including mucoadhesive tablets and films. HPMC also possesses desirable properties for formulating amorphous solid dispersions increasing the oral bioavailability of poorly soluble drugs. Printability and electrospinnability of HPMC are promising features for its application in 3D printed drug products and nanofiber-based drug delivery systems. Nanoparticle-based formulations are extensively explored as antigen and protein carriers for the formulation of oral vaccines, and oral delivery of biologicals including insulin, respectively. HPMC, being a traditional pharmaceutical excipient, has an irreplaceable role in the development of new pharmaceutical technologies, and new drug products leading to continuous manufacturing processes, and personalized medicine. This review firstly provides information on the physical-chemical properties of HPMC and a comprehensive overview of its application in traditional oral drug formulations. Secondly, this review focuses on the application of HPMC in modern pharmaceutical technologies including spray drying, hot-melt extrusion, 3D printing, nanoprecipitation and electrospinning leading to the formulation of printlets, nanoparticle-, microparticle-, and nanofiber-based delivery systems for oral and oromucosal application. Hypromellose is an excellent excipient for formulation of classical dosage forms and advanced drug delivery systems. New methods of hypromellose processing include spray draying, hot-melt extrusion, 3D printing, and electrospinning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eliška Mašková
- Department of Pharmacology and Immunotherapy, Veterinary Research Institute, Hudcova 70, Brno 621 00, Czech Republic
| | - Kateřina Kubová
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Masaryk University, Brno 625 00, Czech Republic
| | - Bahijja T Raimi-Abraham
- School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College London, 150 Stamford Street, London SE1 9NH, United Kingdom
| | - Driton Vllasaliu
- School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College London, 150 Stamford Street, London SE1 9NH, United Kingdom
| | - Eva Vohlídalová
- Department of Pharmacology and Immunotherapy, Veterinary Research Institute, Hudcova 70, Brno 621 00, Czech Republic
| | - Jaroslav Turánek
- Department of Pharmacology and Immunotherapy, Veterinary Research Institute, Hudcova 70, Brno 621 00, Czech Republic.
| | - Josef Mašek
- Department of Pharmacology and Immunotherapy, Veterinary Research Institute, Hudcova 70, Brno 621 00, Czech Republic.
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Martin‐Pastor M, Stoyanov E. Mechanism of interaction between hydroxypropyl cellulose and water in aqueous solutions: Importance of polymer chain length. JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/pol.20200185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Martin‐Pastor
- Unidad de Resonancia Magnética, University of Santiago de Compostela, RIAIDT Santiago de Compostela Spain
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8
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Pisa E, Hughes LP, Wren SAC, Booth J, McCabe JF, Whittaker DTE, Mantle MD. NMR and Thermal Studies for the Characterization of Mass Transport and Phase Separation in Paracetamol/Copovidone Hot-Melt Extrusion Formulations. Mol Pharm 2020; 17:2021-2033. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.0c00188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Elena Pisa
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Philippa Fawcett Drive, Cambridge CB3 0AS, U.K
| | - Leslie P. Hughes
- Global Product Development, AstraZeneca, Charter Way, Macclesfield SK10 2NA, U.K
| | - Stephen A. C. Wren
- Global Product Development, AstraZeneca, Charter Way, Macclesfield SK10 2NA, U.K
| | - Jonathan Booth
- Global Product Development, AstraZeneca, Charter Way, Macclesfield SK10 2NA, U.K
| | - James Francis McCabe
- Pharmaceutical Development, AstraZeneca, Charter Way, Macclesfield SK10 2NA, U.K
| | - David T. E. Whittaker
- Early Chemical Development, Pharmaceutical Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca, Macclesfield SK10 2NA, U.K
| | - Mick D. Mantle
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Philippa Fawcett Drive, Cambridge CB3 0AS, U.K
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Ward A, Walton K, Mawla N, Kaialy W, Liu L, Timmins P, Conway BR, Asare-Addo K. Development of a novel method utilising dissolution imaging for the measurement of swelling behaviour in hydrophilic matrices. Int J Pharm X 2019; 1:100013. [PMID: 31517278 PMCID: PMC6733280 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpx.2019.100013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2018] [Revised: 04/03/2019] [Accepted: 04/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
A variety of imaging techniques are currently used within the field of pharmaceutics to help understand and determine a wide range of phenomena associated with drug release from hydrophilic matrix tablets. This work for the first time aims at developing an appropriate testing imaging methodology using a surface dissolution imaging instrument (SDI2) for determining the swelling of whole compacts using hypromellose as a model hydrophilic matrix former. The influence of particle morphology (CR and DC grades) and two compressional forces (5 and 15 kN) on the initial swelling behaviour of hypromellose were investigated. The results showed that a lower absorbance of 50 mAu with a wider measurement zone proved successful in determining the edge of the gel layer and growth measurements in real-time with high level of details under flow. Despite the differences in the morphology of the grades of hypromellose tested, it was however discovered that gel growth was statistically similar between them which may be attributed to their similar chemistry. This novel method also highlighted differences in the hydrated polymer's appearance which may have been as a result of differences in porosity and solid fraction. This information is of great importance to a formulator as gel growth plays a crucial role in determining drug release from polymer compacts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Ward
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Huddersfield, Huddersfield HD1 3DH, UK
| | - Karl Walton
- EPSRC Future Metrology Hub, University of Huddersfield, Huddersfield HD1 3DH, UK
| | - Nihad Mawla
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Huddersfield, Huddersfield HD1 3DH, UK
| | - Waseem Kaialy
- School of Pharmacy, University of Wolverhampton, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Wolverhampton WV1 1LY, UK
| | - Lande Liu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Huddersfield, Huddersfield HD1 3DH, UK
| | - Peter Timmins
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Huddersfield, Huddersfield HD1 3DH, UK
| | - Barbara R. Conway
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Huddersfield, Huddersfield HD1 3DH, UK
| | - Kofi Asare-Addo
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Huddersfield, Huddersfield HD1 3DH, UK
- Corresponding author.
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10
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Xi Z, Sharma N, Paprikar A, Lin S. Development and evaluation of dipyridamole sustained release tablets containing micro-environmental pH modifiers. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2019.101231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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11
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Feczkó T, Merza G, Babos G, Varga B, Gyetvai E, Trif L, Kovács E, Tuba R. Preparation of cubic-shaped sorafenib-loaded nanocomposite using well-defined poly(vinyl alcohol alt-propenylene) copolymer. Int J Pharm 2019; 562:333-341. [PMID: 30867128 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2019.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2018] [Revised: 03/03/2019] [Accepted: 03/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Vinyl alcohol (VA) copolymers having fine tunable polarities are emerging materials in drug delivery applications. VA copolymers rendering well-defined molecular architecture (C/OH ratio = 2, 4, 5 and 8) were used as carriers for model drug compound, fluorescein, which exhibited significantly different release characteristics depending on the polarity of the polymers. Based on the preliminary drug release tests the well-defined VA copolymer having C/OH = 5 ratio, poly(vinyl alcohol alt-propenylene) copolymer (PVA-5) was selected for nanocomposite synthesis. Sorafenib anticancer drug was embedded into PVA-5 (C/OH = 5 ratio) nanoparticles by nanoprecipitation resulting in nanoparticles exhibiting unusual cubic shape. The sorafenib-loaded nanocomposites showed continuous release during a day and concentration-dependant cytotoxicity on HT-29 cancer cells. This might be interpreted by the sustained release of the drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tivadar Feczkó
- Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Magyar tudósok körútja 2, H-1519 Budapest, P.O. Box 286, Hungary; Research Institute of Biomolecular and Chemical Engineering, University of Pannonia, Veszprém, Egyetem utca 10, H-8200, Hungary
| | - Gabriella Merza
- Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Magyar tudósok körútja 2, H-1519 Budapest, P.O. Box 286, Hungary
| | - György Babos
- Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Magyar tudósok körútja 2, H-1519 Budapest, P.O. Box 286, Hungary; Research Institute of Biomolecular and Chemical Engineering, University of Pannonia, Veszprém, Egyetem utca 10, H-8200, Hungary
| | - Bernadett Varga
- Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Magyar tudósok körútja 2, H-1519 Budapest, P.O. Box 286, Hungary; Research Institute of Biomolecular and Chemical Engineering, University of Pannonia, Veszprém, Egyetem utca 10, H-8200, Hungary
| | - Eszter Gyetvai
- Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Magyar tudósok körútja 2, H-1519 Budapest, P.O. Box 286, Hungary
| | - László Trif
- Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Magyar tudósok körútja 2, H-1519 Budapest, P.O. Box 286, Hungary
| | - Ervin Kovács
- Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Magyar tudósok körútja 2, H-1519 Budapest, P.O. Box 286, Hungary
| | - Robert Tuba
- Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Magyar tudósok körútja 2, H-1519 Budapest, P.O. Box 286, Hungary.
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Sahputra IH, Alexiadis A, Adams MJ. Effects of Moisture on the Mechanical Properties of Microcrystalline Cellulose and the Mobility of the Water Molecules as Studied by the Hybrid Molecular Mechanics-Molecular Dynamics Simulation Method. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/polb.24801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Iwan H. Sahputra
- School of Chemical Engineering; University of Birmingham; Birmingham United Kingdom
| | - Alessio Alexiadis
- School of Chemical Engineering; University of Birmingham; Birmingham United Kingdom
| | - Michael J. Adams
- School of Chemical Engineering; University of Birmingham; Birmingham United Kingdom
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13
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Kallakunta VR, Patil H, Tiwari R, Ye X, Upadhye S, Vladyka RS, Sarabu S, Kim DW, Bandari S, Repka MA. Exploratory studies in heat-assisted continuous twin-screw dry granulation: A novel alternative technique to conventional dry granulation. Int J Pharm 2018; 555:380-393. [PMID: 30458256 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2018.11.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2018] [Revised: 11/13/2018] [Accepted: 11/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Dry granulation is the preferred technique for solvent-sensitive products, especially drugs with stability problems such as hydrolysis. Twin-screw granulation is a continuous granulation technique, offering a potential alternative to conventional dry granulation techniques such as roller compaction. The major advantage of twin-screw granulation is the ability to adjust process parameters of dry granulation without compromising the compression properties. This study was aimed to perform exploratory studies of heat-assisted continuous twin-screw dry granulation process to formulate sustained release tablets for APIs with different melting points: theophylline, acetaminophen and lidocaine hydrochloride hydrate. Granulation feasibility was studied with different binders (e.g. Klucel™ EF, Kollidon® VA64), sustained release agents (e.g. Klucel™ MF, Eudragit® RSPO) and diluents at various drug loads. The processing conditions were below the melting point or glass transition temperature of the formulation ingredients. After successful granulation, DSC and XRD studies revealed the crystalline nature of the granules and FTIR studies showed no interaction of the API with the excipients. The granules were compressed into sustained release tablets without any compressibility issues. The tablets were stable after testing for 6 months at 25 °C/60% RH. This novel continuous dry granulation technique may offer an excellent alternative to conventional dry granulation techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Venkata Raman Kallakunta
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, MS 38677, United States
| | - Hemlata Patil
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, MS 38677, United States
| | - Roshan Tiwari
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, MS 38677, United States
| | - Xingyou Ye
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, MS 38677, United States
| | - Sampada Upadhye
- Catalent Pharma Solutions, 14 School House Road, Somerset, NJ 08873, USA
| | - Ronald S Vladyka
- Catalent Pharma Solutions, 14 School House Road, Somerset, NJ 08873, USA
| | - Sandeep Sarabu
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, MS 38677, United States
| | - Dong Wuk Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, South Korea
| | - Suresh Bandari
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, MS 38677, United States
| | - Michael A Repka
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, MS 38677, United States; Pii Center for Pharmaceutical Technology, University of Mississippi, MS 38677, USA.
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14
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Emerging technologies for the non-invasive characterization of physical-mechanical properties of tablets. Int J Pharm 2017; 532:299-312. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2017.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2017] [Revised: 08/31/2017] [Accepted: 09/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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15
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Evaluations of the Effect of Sodium Metabisulphite on the Stability and Dissolution Rates of Various Model Drugs from the Extended Release Polyethylene Oxide Matrices. J Pharm Innov 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s12247-017-9286-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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16
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Mathematical modelling of liquid transport in swelling pharmaceutical immediate release tablets. Int J Pharm 2017; 526:1-10. [PMID: 28400289 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2017.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2017] [Revised: 03/08/2017] [Accepted: 04/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Oral dosage forms are an integral part of modern health care and account for the majority of drug delivery systems. Traditionally the analysis of the dissolution behaviour of a dosage form is used as the key parameter to assess the performance of a drug product. However, understanding the mechanisms of disintegration is of critical importance to improve the quality of drug delivery systems. The disintegration performance is primarily impacted by the hydration and subsequent swelling of the powder compact. Here we compare liquid ingress and swelling data obtained using terahertz pulsed imaging (TPI) to a set of mathematical models. The interlink between hydration kinetics and swelling is described by a model based on Darcy's law and a modified swelling model based on that of Schott. Our new model includes the evolution of porosity, pore size and permeability as a function of hydration time. Results obtained from two sets of samples prepared from pure micro-crystalline cellulose (MCC) indicate a clear difference in hydration and swelling for samples of different porosities and particle sizes, which are captured by the model. Coupling a novel imaging technique, such as TPI, and mathematical models allows better understanding of hydration and swelling and eventually tablet disintegration.
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17
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Spiess HW. 50th Anniversary Perspective: The Importance of NMR Spectroscopy to Macromolecular Science. Macromolecules 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.6b02736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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18
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Influence of HPMC K100LV and Compritol® HD5 ATO on Drug Release and Rheological Behavior of HPMC K4M Matrix Tablets. J Pharm Innov 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s12247-016-9269-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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19
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Hamed R, Al Baraghthi T, Sunoqrot S. Correlation between the viscoelastic properties of the gel layer of swollen HPMC matrix tablets and their in vitro drug release. Pharm Dev Technol 2016; 23:838-848. [PMID: 27808590 DOI: 10.1080/10837450.2016.1257022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Drug release from hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) hydrophilic matrix tablets is controlled by drug diffusion through the gel layer of the matrix-forming polymer upon hydration, matrix erosion or combination of diffusion and erosion mechanisms. In this study, the relationship between viscoelastic properties of the gel layer of swollen intact matrix tablets and drug release was investigated. Two sets of quetiapine fumarate (QF) matrix tablets were prepared using the high viscosity grade HPMC K4M at low (70 mg/tablet) and high (170 mg/tablet) polymer concentrations. Viscoelastic studies using a controlled stress rheometer were performed on swollen matrices following hydration in the dissolution medium for predetermined time intervals. The gel layer of swollen tablets exhibited predominantly elastic behavior. Results from the in vitro release study showed that drug release was strongly influenced by the viscoelastic properties of the gel layer of K4M tablets, which was further corroborated by results from water uptake studies conducted on intact tablets. The results provide evidence that the viscoelastic properties of the gel layer can be exploited to guide the selection of an appropriate matrix-forming polymer, to better understand the rate of drug release from matrix tablets in vitro and to develop hydrophilic controlled-release formulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rania Hamed
- a Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy , Al-Zaytoonah University of Jordan , Amman , Jordan
| | - Tamadur Al Baraghthi
- a Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy , Al-Zaytoonah University of Jordan , Amman , Jordan
| | - Suhair Sunoqrot
- a Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy , Al-Zaytoonah University of Jordan , Amman , Jordan
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Liu Y, Thompson M, O'Donnell K, Grasman N. Effect of temperature on the wetting behavior of hydroxypropyl methylcellulose in a twin-screw granulator. POWDER TECHNOL 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.powtec.2016.08.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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21
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Hu A, Chen C, Mantle MD, Wolf B, Gladden LF, Rajabi-Siahboomi A, Missaghi S, Mason L, Melia CD. The Properties of HPMC:PEO Extended Release Hydrophilic Matrices and their Response to Ionic Environments. Pharm Res 2016; 34:941-956. [DOI: 10.1007/s11095-016-2031-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2016] [Accepted: 08/25/2016] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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Development and evaluation of a calcium alginate based oral ceftriaxone sodium formulation. Prog Biomater 2016; 5:117-133. [PMID: 27525203 PMCID: PMC4965494 DOI: 10.1007/s40204-016-0051-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2016] [Accepted: 07/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this work was to develop a multiparticulate system exploiting the pH-sensitive property and biodegradability of calcium alginate beads for intestinal delivery of ceftriaxone sodium (CS). CS was entrapped in beads made of sodium alginate and sodium carboxymethylcellulose (CMC), acacia, HPMC K4M and HPMC K15M as drug release modifiers. Beads were prepared using calcium chloride as a cross-linking agent, followed by enteric coating with cellulose acetate phthalate (CAP). The beads were then evaluated for entrapment efficiency using HPLC, in vitro drug release examined in simulated gastric fluid (pH 1.2) and simulated intestinal fluid (pH 6.8), swellability, particle size and surface characterization using optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and atomic force microscopy (AFM). Thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA) was utilized to check the polymer matrix strength and thermal stability. The drug entrapment efficiency of the optimized formulation was determined to be 75 ± 5 %. Swelling properties of drug-loaded beads were found to be in a range of 0.9–3.4. Alginate beads coated with CAP and containing CMC as a second polymer exhibited sustained release. The drug release followed first-order kinetics via non-Fickian diffusion and erosion mechanism. The particle size of the beads was between 1.04 ± 0.20 and 2.15 ± 0.36 mm. TGA, AFM, and SEM data showed composition and polymer-dependent variations in cross-linking, thermal stability, surface structure, morphology, and roughness. The physico-chemical properties of the developed formulation indicate suitability of the formulation to deliver CS orally.
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²H Solid-State NMR Analysis of the Dynamics and Organization of Water in Hydrated Chitosan. Polymers (Basel) 2016; 8:polym8040149. [PMID: 30979243 PMCID: PMC6431985 DOI: 10.3390/polym8040149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2016] [Revised: 04/07/2016] [Accepted: 04/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding water–biopolymer interactions, which strongly affect the function and properties of biopolymer-based tissue engineering and drug delivery materials, remains a challenge. Chitosan, which is an important biopolymer for the construction of artificial tissue grafts and for drug delivery, has attracted extensive attention in recent decades, where neutralization with an alkali solution can substantially enhance the final properties of chitosan films cast from an acidic solution. In this work, to elucidate the effect of water on the properties of chitosan films, we investigated the dynamics and different states of water in non-neutralized (CTS-A) and neutralized (CTS-N) hydrated chitosan by mobility selective variable-temperature (VT) 2H solid-state NMR spectroscopy. Four distinct types of water exist in all of the samples with regards to dynamic behavior. First, non-freezable, rigid and strongly bound water was found in the crystalline domain at low temperatures. The second component consists of weakly bound water, which is highly mobile and exhibits isotropic motion, even below 260 K. Another type of water undergoes well-defined 180° flips around their bisector axis. Moreover, free water is also present in the films. For the CTS-A sample in particular, another special water species were bounded to acetic acid molecules via strong hydrogen bonding. In the case of CTS-N, the onset of motions of the weakly bound water molecules at 260 K was revealed by 2H-NMR spectroscopy. This water is not crystalline, even below 260 K, which is also the major contribution to the flexibility of chitosan chains and thus toughness of materials. By contrast, such motion was not observed in CTS-A. On the basis of the 2H solid-state NMR results, it is concluded that the unique toughness of CTS-N mainly originates from the weakly bound water as well as the interactions between water and the chitosan chains.
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Influence of ionic strength and HPMC viscosity grade on drug release and swelling behavior of HPMC matrix tablets. J Appl Polym Sci 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/app.43604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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25
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Gunjal PT, Shinde MB, Gharge VS, Pimple SV, Gurjar MK, Shah MN. Design, Development and Optimization of S (-) Atenolol Floating Sustained Release Matrix Tablets Using Surface Response Methodology. Indian J Pharm Sci 2016; 77:563-72. [PMID: 26798171 PMCID: PMC4700709 DOI: 10.4103/0250-474x.169036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of this present investigation was to develop and formulate floating sustained release matrix tablets of s (-) atenolol, by using different polymer combinations and filler, to optimize by using surface response methodology for different drug release variables and to evaluate the drug release pattern of the optimized product. Floating sustained release matrix tablets of various combinations were prepared with cellulose-based polymers: Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose, sodium bicarbonate as a gas generating agent, polyvinyl pyrrolidone as a binder and lactose monohydrate as filler. The 32 full factorial design was employed to investigate the effect of formulation variables on different properties of tablets applicable to floating lag time, buoyancy time, % drug release in 1 and 6 h (D1 h,D6 h) and time required to 90% drug release (t90%). Significance of result was analyzed using analysis of non variance and P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. S (-) atenolol floating sustained release matrix tablets followed the Higuchi drug release kinetics that indicates the release of drug follows anomalous (non-Fickian) diffusion mechanism. The developed floating sustained release matrix tablet of improved efficacy can perform therapeutically better than a conventional tablet.
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Affiliation(s)
- P T Gunjal
- Formulation and Development Department, Zuventus Healthcare Ltd, T-184 MIDC Bhosari, Pune-411 026, India
| | - M B Shinde
- Formulation and Development Department, Zuventus Healthcare Ltd, T-184 MIDC Bhosari, Pune-411 026, India
| | - V S Gharge
- Emcure Pharmaceutical Ltd, Emcure House, Pune-411 026, India
| | - S V Pimple
- Emcure Pharmaceutical Ltd, Emcure House, Pune-411 026, India
| | - M K Gurjar
- Emcure Pharmaceutical Ltd, Emcure House, Pune-411 026, India
| | - M N Shah
- Emcure Pharmaceutical Ltd, Emcure House, Pune-411 026, India
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Yassin S, Goodwin DJ, Anderson A, Sibik J, Wilson DI, Gladden LF, Zeitler JA. The Disintegration Process in Microcrystalline Cellulose Based Tablets, Part 1: Influence of Temperature, Porosity and Superdisintegrants. J Pharm Sci 2015; 104:3440-50. [PMID: 26073446 PMCID: PMC4647644 DOI: 10.1002/jps.24544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2015] [Revised: 05/12/2015] [Accepted: 05/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Disintegration performance was measured by analysing both water ingress and tablet swelling of pure microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) and in mixture with croscarmellose sodium using terahertz pulsed imaging (TPI). Tablets made from pure MCC with porosities of 10% and 15% showed similar swelling and transport kinetics: within the first 15 s, tablets had swollen by up to 33% of their original thickness and water had fully penetrated the tablet following Darcy flow kinetics. In contrast, MCC tablets with a porosity of 5% exhibited much slower transport kinetics, with swelling to only 17% of their original thickness and full water penetration reached after 100 s, dominated by case II transport kinetics. The effect of adding superdisintegrant to the formulation and varying the temperature of the dissolution medium between 20°C and 37°C on the swelling and transport process was quantified. We have demonstrated that TPI can be used to non-invasively analyse the complex disintegration kinetics of formulations that take place on timescales of seconds and is a promising tool to better understand the effect of dosage form microstructure on its performance. By relating immediate-release formulations to mathematical models used to describe controlled release formulations, it becomes possible to use this data for formulation design. © 2015 The Authors. Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. and the American Pharmacists Association J Pharm Sci 104:3440-3450, 2015.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samy Yassin
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Pembroke Street, Cambridge, CB2 3RA, UK
| | - Daniel J Goodwin
- GlaxoSmithKline, New Frontiers Science Park, Harlow, Essex, CM19 5AW, UK
| | - Andrew Anderson
- GlaxoSmithKline, New Frontiers Science Park, Harlow, Essex, CM19 5AW, UK
| | - Juraj Sibik
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Pembroke Street, Cambridge, CB2 3RA, UK
| | - D Ian Wilson
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Pembroke Street, Cambridge, CB2 3RA, UK
| | - Lynn F Gladden
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Pembroke Street, Cambridge, CB2 3RA, UK
| | - J Axel Zeitler
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Pembroke Street, Cambridge, CB2 3RA, UK
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27
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Cascone S, Lamberti G, Titomanlio G, d’Amore M, Barba AA. Measurements of non-uniform water content in hydroxypropyl-methyl-cellulose based matrices via texture analysis. Carbohydr Polym 2014; 103:348-54. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2013.12.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2013] [Revised: 12/14/2013] [Accepted: 12/18/2013] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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28
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Rajput P, Singh D, Pathak K. Bifunctional capsular dosage form: Novel fanicular cylindrical gastroretentive system of clarithromycin and immediate release granules of ranitidine HCl for simultaneous delivery. Int J Pharm 2014; 461:310-21. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2013.11.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2013] [Revised: 11/21/2013] [Accepted: 11/23/2013] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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29
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Ford JL. Design and Evaluation of Hydroxypropyl Methylcellulose Matrix Tablets for Oral Controlled Release: A Historical Perspective. HYDROPHILIC MATRIX TABLETS FOR ORAL CONTROLLED RELEASE 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-1519-4_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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Asare-Addo K, Kaialy W, Levina M, Rajabi-Siahboomi A, Ghori MU, Supuk E, Laity PR, Conway BR, Nokhodchi A. The influence of agitation sequence and ionic strength on in vitro drug release from hypromellose (E4M and K4M) ER matrices—The use of the USP III apparatus. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2013; 104:54-60. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2012.11.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2012] [Revised: 11/19/2012] [Accepted: 11/22/2012] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Siepmann J, Peppas N. Modeling of drug release from delivery systems based on hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC). Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2012.09.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 519] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Nokhodchi A, Raja S, Patel P, Asare-Addo K. The role of oral controlled release matrix tablets in drug delivery systems. BIOIMPACTS : BI 2012; 2:175-87. [PMID: 23678458 PMCID: PMC3648939 DOI: 10.5681/bi.2012.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2012] [Revised: 10/07/2012] [Accepted: 10/09/2012] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Formulations that are able to control the release of drug have become an integral part of the pharmaceutical industry. In particular oral drug delivery has been the focus of pharmaceutical research for many years. This type of drug delivery has been at the centre of research due to its many benefits over conventional dosage. The focus of this review is on matrix tablets due to their widely use and simplicity of the formulation. This includes the discussion of various types of matrix tablets and factors affecting the drug release from these formulations. The mechanism of drug release from HPMC matrices is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Nokhodchi
- Medway School of Pharmacy, University of Kent, Chatham, ME4 4TB, Kent, UK
| | - Shaista Raja
- Medway School of Pharmacy, University of Kent, Chatham, ME4 4TB, Kent, UK
| | - Pryia Patel
- Medway School of Pharmacy, University of Kent, Chatham, ME4 4TB, Kent, UK
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Bray J, Filiaggi M, Bowen C, Beyea S. Degradation and drug release in calcium polyphosphate bioceramics: an MRI-based characterization. Acta Biomater 2012; 8:3821-31. [PMID: 22659178 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2012.05.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2012] [Revised: 04/24/2012] [Accepted: 05/04/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Degradable, bioceramic bone implants made of calcium polyphosphate (CPP) hold potential for controlled release of therapeutic agents in the treatment of localized bone disease. Magnetic resonance imaging techniques for non-invasively mapping fluid distribution, T(1) and T(2) relaxation times and the apparent diffusion coefficient were performed in conjunction with a drug elution protocol to resolve free and bound water components within the material microstructure in two CPP formulations (G1 and G2). The T(2) maps provided the most accurate estimates of free and bound water, and showed that G1 disks contained a detectable free water component at all times, with drug release dominated by a Fickian diffusion mechanism. Drug release from G2 disks was characterized by a combined diffusional/structural relaxation mechanism, which may be related to the gradual infiltration of a free water component associated with swelling and/or chemical degradation.
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34
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Magnetic resonance microscopy for assessment of morphological changes in hydrating hydroxypropylmethyl cellulose matrix tablets in situ. Pharm Res 2012; 29:3420-33. [PMID: 22923349 PMCID: PMC3497937 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-012-0837-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2012] [Accepted: 07/13/2012] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Purpose To resolve contradictions found in morphology of hydrating hydroxypropylmethyl cellulose (HPMC) matrix as studied using Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) techniques. Until now, two approaches were used in the literature: either two or three regions that differ in physicochemical properties were identified. Methods Multiparametric, spatially and temporally resolved T2 MR relaxometry in situ was applied to study the hydration progress in HPMC matrix tablets using a 11.7 T MRI system. Two spin-echo based pulse sequences—one of them designed to specifically study short T2 signals—were used. Results Two components in the T2 decay envelope were estimated and spatial distributions of their parameters, i.e. amplitudes and T2 values, were obtained. Based on the data, five different regions and their temporal evolution were identified: dry glassy, hydrated solid like, two interface layers and gel layer. The regions were found to be separated by four evolving fronts identified as penetration, full hydration, total gelification and apparent erosion. Conclusions The MRI results showed morphological details of the hydrating HPMC matrices matching compound theoretical models. The proposed method will allow for adequate evaluation of controlled release polymeric matrix systems loaded with drug substances of different solubility.
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Koptyug IV. MRI of mass transport in porous media: drying and sorption processes. PROGRESS IN NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE SPECTROSCOPY 2012; 65:1-65. [PMID: 22781314 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnmrs.2011.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2011] [Accepted: 12/05/2011] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Igor V Koptyug
- International Tomography Center, SB RAS, 3A Institutskaya Str., Novosibirsk 630090, Russian Federation.
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36
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Compaction properties, drug release kinetics and fronts movement studies of matrices combining mixtures of swellable and inert polymers. III: effect of polymer substitution type. Int J Pharm 2012; 434:215-23. [PMID: 22633903 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2012.05.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2011] [Revised: 05/05/2012] [Accepted: 05/15/2012] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Theophylline radial release from cellulose derivatives with different substitution type (HPMC K4M, HPC H, MC A4M) matrix tablets has been modulated by the introduction of a new inert polymeric excipient, at different proportions (75, 50, 25%). The new polymer was hydroxypropylcellulose-methyl methacrylate (HCMMA), which was dried either in a vacuum oven (OD-HCMMA) or freeze-dried (FD-HCMMA). MC A4M and its mixtures presented the best compaction properties results, especially mixed with FD-HCMMA, according to 100% mixtures. Only high levels of HCMMA (75%) in the matrices showed interesting differences to drug release modulation. Also, at this proportion (75:25), the HPC H mixtures presented the highest differences in relation with OD or FD HCMMA respect to the other cellulose polymers. HPMC K4M and HPC H mixtures showed a combination of diffusion and erosion release mechanisms. The last one was nearly negligible in MC A4M mixtures, according with its highest diffusion rate constant values, and the absence of hydroxypropyl substituents. Only HPMC K4M mixtures presented a diffusion front that moves outwards, while HPC H and MC A4M moves inwards. The modulation of theophylline radial release was obtained using a high percentage of HCMMA, and the use of two cellulosic ethers, one of them with just one type of substituent (MC A4M or HPC H) and the other with two types of substituent (HPMC K4M). Another possibility is changing the HCMMA copolymer (OD or FD) in the 75/25 mixture with HPC.
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37
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Mantle M. Quantitative magnetic resonance micro-imaging methods for pharmaceutical research. Int J Pharm 2011; 417:173-95. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2010.11.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2010] [Revised: 11/18/2010] [Accepted: 11/20/2010] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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38
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Mikac U, Kristl J, Baumgartner S. Using quantitative magnetic resonance methods to understand better the gel-layer formation on polymer-matrix tablets. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2011; 8:677-92. [DOI: 10.1517/17425247.2011.566554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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39
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Tajarobi F, Abrahmsén-Alami S, Larsson A. Dissolution Rate Enhancement of Parabens in PEG Solid Dispersions and Its Influence on the Release from Hydrophilic Matrix Tablets. J Pharm Sci 2011; 100:275-83. [DOI: 10.1002/jps.22248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2009] [Revised: 03/21/2010] [Accepted: 04/27/2010] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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40
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Nishikawa M, Onuki Y, Okuno Y, Takayama K. Impact of the State of Water on the Dispersion Stability of a Skin Cream Formulation Elucidated by Magnetic Resonance Techniques. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 2011; 59:332-7. [DOI: 10.1248/cpb.59.332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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41
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Chen YY, Hughes L, Gladden L, Mantle M. Quantitative Ultra-Fast MRI of HPMC Swelling and Dissolution. J Pharm Sci 2010; 99:3462-72. [DOI: 10.1002/jps.22110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Bioadhesive controlled metronidazole release matrix based on chitosan and xanthan gum. Mar Drugs 2010; 8:1716-30. [PMID: 20559494 PMCID: PMC2885086 DOI: 10.3390/md8051716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2010] [Revised: 03/23/2010] [Accepted: 04/06/2010] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Metronidazole, a common antibacterial drug, was incorporated into a hydrophilic polymer matrix composed of chitosan xanthan gum mixture. Hydrogel formation of this binary chitosan-xanthan gum combination was tested for its ability to control the release of metronidazole as a drug model. This preparation (MZ-CR) was characterized by in vitro, ex vivo bioadhesion and in vivo bioavailability study. For comparison purposes a commercial extended release formulation of metronidazole (CMZ) was used as a reference. The in vitro drug-release profiles of metronidazole preparation and CMZ were similar in 0.1 M HCl and phosphate buffer pH 6.8. Moreover, metronidazole preparation and CMZ showed a similar detachment force to sheep stomach mucosa, while the bioadhesion of the metronidazole preparation was higher three times than CMZ to sheep duodenum. The results of in vivo study indicated that the absorption of metronidazole from the preparation was faster than that of CMZ. Also, MZ-CR leads to higher metronidazole C(max) and AUC relative to that of the CMZ. This increase in bioavailability might be explained by the bioadhesion of the preparation at the upper part of the small intestine that could result in an increase in the overall intestinal transit time. As a conclusion, formulating chitosan-xanthan gum mixture as a hydrophilic polymer matrix resulted in a superior pharmacokinetic parameters translated by better rate and extent of absorption of metronidazole.
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Synchrotron X-ray microtomographic study of tablet swelling. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2010; 75:263-76. [PMID: 20172028 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2010.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2009] [Revised: 01/20/2010] [Accepted: 02/15/2010] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Tablet swelling behaviour was investigated by following the movements of embedded glass microsphere tracers, using X-ray microtomography (XmicroT) with intense illumination from a synchrotron. Specimens were prepared using combinations of hydroxypropyl-methyl-cellulose (HPMC) and microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) or pre-gelatinised starch (PGS), three materials commonly used as excipients for compacted tablets. The results revealed significant differences in swelling behaviour due to excipient type and compaction conditions. In particular, a sudden change was observed from gel-forming behaviour of formulations containing PGS or high HPMC content, to more rapid expansion and disintegration for formulations above 70% MCC. Although some radial expansion was observable with the higher PGS formulations and during later stages of swelling, axial expansion (i.e. the reverse of the compaction process) appeared to dominate in most cases. This was most pronounced for the 10/90 HPMC/MCC specimens, which rapidly increased in thickness, while the diameter remained almost unchanged. The expansion appeared to be initiated by hydration and may be due to the relaxation of residual compaction stress. This occurred within 'expansion zones', which initially appeared as thin bands close to the compacted (upper and lower) faces, but gradually advanced towards the centre and spread around the sides of the tablets. These zones exhibited lower X-ray absorbance, probably because they contained significant amounts of bubbles, which were formed by air released from the swelling excipients. Although, in most cases, these bubbles were too small to be resolved (<60 microm), larger bubbles (diameter up to 1mm) were clearly evident in the rapidly swelling 10/90 HPMC/MCC specimens. It is suggested that the presence of these bubbles may affect subsequent water ingress, by increasing the tortuosity and occluding part of the gel, which may affect the apparent diffusion kinetics (i.e. Fickian or Case II). These observations also suggested that axial expansion, initiated by water ingress, may be an important mechanism during tablet swelling.
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Abstract
Abstract
Hypromellose, formerly known as hydroxypropylmethylcellulose (HPMC), is by far the most commonly employed cellulose ether used in the fabrication of hydrophilic matrices. Hypromellose provides the release of a drug in a controlled manner, effectively increasing the duration of release of a drug to prolong its therapeutic effect. This review provides a current insight into hypromellose and its applicability to hydrophilic matrices in order to highlight the basic parameters that affect its performance. Topics covered include the chemical, thermal and mechanical properties of hypromellose, hydration of the polymer matrices, the mechanism of drug release and the influence of tablet geometry on drug-release rate. The inclusion of drug-release modifiers within hypromellose matrices, the effects of dissolution media and the influence of both the external environment and microenvironment pH within the gel matrix on the properties of the polymer are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi L Li
- GlaxoSmithKline Pharmaceuticals, Pharmaceutical Development, New Frontiers Science Park South, Third Avenue, Harlow, Essex, CM19 5AW, UK
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45
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Thérien-Aubin H, Zhu X. NMR spectroscopy and imaging studies of pharmaceutical tablets made of starch. Carbohydr Polym 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2008.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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46
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Kulinowski P, Dorozyński P, Jachowicz R, Weglarz WP. An integrated system for dissolution studies and magnetic resonance imaging of controlled release, polymer-based dosage forms-a tool for quantitative assessment of hydrogel formation processes. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2008; 48:685-93. [PMID: 18715732 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2008.06.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2007] [Revised: 06/27/2008] [Accepted: 06/27/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Controlled release (CR) dosage forms are often based on polymeric matrices, e.g., sustained-release tablets and capsules. It is crucial to visualise and quantify processes of the hydrogel formation during the standard dissolution study. A method for imaging of CR, polymer-based dosage forms during dissolution study in vitro is presented. Imaging was performed in a non-invasive way by means of the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). This study was designed to simulate in vivo conditions regarding temperature, volume, state and composition of dissolution media. Two formulations of hydrodynamically balanced systems (HBS) were chosen as model CR dosage forms. HBS release active substance in stomach while floating on the surface of the gastric content. Time evolutions of the diffusion region, hydrogel formation region and "dry core" region were obtained during a dissolution study of L-dopa as a model drug in two simulated gastric fluids (i.e. in fed and fasted state). This method seems to be a very promising tool for examining properties of new formulations of CR, polymer-based dosage forms or for comparison of generic and originator dosage forms before carrying out bioequivalence studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piotr Kulinowski
- Department of Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Institute of Nuclear Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, ul. Radzikowskiego 152, 31-342 Kraków, Poland.
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47
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Thérien-Aubin H, Zhu XX, Ravenelle F, Marchessault RH. Membrane Formation and Drug Loading Effects in High Amylose Starch Tablets Studied by NMR Imaging. Biomacromolecules 2008; 9:1248-54. [DOI: 10.1021/bm701256z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Héloïse Thérien-Aubin
- Département de chimie, Université de Montréal, C.P. 6128, Succ. Centre-ville, Montréal, Quebec H3C 3J7, Canada, Labopharm Inc., 480 Armand Frappier, Laval, Quebec H7V 4B4, Canada, and Department of Chemistry, McGill University Pulp and Paper Center, 3420 University Street, Montreal, Quebec H3A 2A7, Canada
| | - X. X. Zhu
- Département de chimie, Université de Montréal, C.P. 6128, Succ. Centre-ville, Montréal, Quebec H3C 3J7, Canada, Labopharm Inc., 480 Armand Frappier, Laval, Quebec H7V 4B4, Canada, and Department of Chemistry, McGill University Pulp and Paper Center, 3420 University Street, Montreal, Quebec H3A 2A7, Canada
| | - François Ravenelle
- Département de chimie, Université de Montréal, C.P. 6128, Succ. Centre-ville, Montréal, Quebec H3C 3J7, Canada, Labopharm Inc., 480 Armand Frappier, Laval, Quebec H7V 4B4, Canada, and Department of Chemistry, McGill University Pulp and Paper Center, 3420 University Street, Montreal, Quebec H3A 2A7, Canada
| | - Robert H. Marchessault
- Département de chimie, Université de Montréal, C.P. 6128, Succ. Centre-ville, Montréal, Quebec H3C 3J7, Canada, Labopharm Inc., 480 Armand Frappier, Laval, Quebec H7V 4B4, Canada, and Department of Chemistry, McGill University Pulp and Paper Center, 3420 University Street, Montreal, Quebec H3A 2A7, Canada
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48
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Faroongsarng D, Sukonrat P. Thermal behavior of water in the selected starch- and cellulose-based polymeric hydrogels. Int J Pharm 2008; 352:152-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2007.10.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2007] [Revised: 08/30/2007] [Accepted: 10/21/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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49
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Tiwari SB, Rajabi-Siahboomi AR. Extended-release oral drug delivery technologies: monolithic matrix systems. Methods Mol Biol 2008; 437:217-243. [PMID: 18369971 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-59745-210-6_11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Oral drug delivery is the largest and the oldest segment of the total drug delivery market. It is the fastest growing and most preferred route for drug administration. Use of hydrophilic matrices for oral extended release of drugs is a common practice in the pharmaceutical industry. This chapter presents different polymer choices for fabrication of monolithic hydrophilic matrices and discusses formulation and manufacturing variables affecting the design and performance of the extended-release product by using selected practical examples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandip B Tiwari
- Modified Release Technologies, Colorcon, West Point, PA, USA
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50
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Ghafourian T, Gafourian T, Safari A, Adibkia K, Parviz F, Nokhodchi A. A drug release study from hydroxypropylmethylcellulose (HPMC) matrices using QSPR modeling. J Pharm Sci 2007; 96:3334-51. [PMID: 17626286 DOI: 10.1002/jps.20990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
This investigation is aimed at characterization of the mode of release from two different substitution types of HPMC and the effect of chemical structure of drugs using the QSPR (Quantitative - Structure-Property Relationship) technique. To this end, release profiles of HPMC matrices of several drugs containing the same formulation and compressed at a constant pressure were studied. QSPR method was used to establish statistically significant relationships between release parameters and the structural descriptors. Structural descriptors consisted of molecular mechanical, quantum mechanical and graph-theoretical parameters, as well as the partition coefficient and the aqueous solubility of the drugs. The results showed that the most important factors determining the release profile from both HPMC K4M and HPMC E4M matrices were the aqueous solubility of drugs (which could be substituted efficiently by dipole moment) and the size of the drug molecules. Comparison of drug release from matrices prepared using the two grades of HPMC showed very distinct differences for some drugs, as evaluated by the similarity factor. The results indicated that the source of the difference could be sought in the drug properties (as exemplified by the aqueous solubility and surface area) as well as the rate of erosion (that depends mainly on the polymer type).
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Affiliation(s)
- Taravat Ghafourian
- Drug Applied Research Center and School of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Daneshgah Street, Tabriz, Iran.
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