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Tayyeh AM, Sequeira JJ, Kumar L, Babu I, van Driem G, Mustak MS. The maternal ancestry of the Kavaratti islanders and the last glacial maximum aftermath. Mol Genet Genomics 2023; 298:1467-1477. [PMID: 37823939 DOI: 10.1007/s00438-023-02072-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/23/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
The prehistoric human settlement of the Lakshadweep islands remains a mystery for various reasons. Uncertainty about the existence of indigenous tribes in these islands and the lack of folklore records present major obstacles to the reconstruction of Lakshadweep ancestry. However, with extant population data, we seek to understand the maternal ancestry of the Kavaratti islanders. Mitochondrial control region variation analysis of 80 individuals from this island shows maternal links with the populations in the northwestern region of the South Asian mainland. The founder clade R30b2, observed in the Kavaratti islanders, is so far present only in the Scheduled Castes from the Punjab region, Jat Sikhs and Nairs. All other mainland populations carry basal R30 or R30a subclades. The presence of a specific Uralic U4 lineage in our samples, in addition to the Indo-European affinity observed in the phylogeny tree, substantiates a northwestern maternal ancestry of the Kavaratti islanders and implies an ancestral admixture with early humans in the Near East at the time of the last glacial maximum (LGM). Based on our Bayesian analysis, we furthermore propose that a group bearing mostly R30b2 during the LGM recovery, moved eastward and southward, where they received Indian-specific M haplogroups. Hence, the maternal ancestry of the Kavaratti islanders is evidently a consequence of the demographic changes in the northwestern region of the Indian subcontinent caused by the Last Glacial Maximum. The haplogroup distribution pattern and nucleotide sequence data produced in this study will enrich the forensic database of the Lakshadweep islands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alnoman Mundher Tayyeh
- Department of Applied Zoology, Mangalore University, Mangalagangothri, 574199, India
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnology Unit, Mangalore University, Mangalagangothri, 574199, India
| | | | - Lomous Kumar
- CSIR-Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Hyderabad, Telangana, 500007, India
| | - Idrees Babu
- Department of Science and Technology, Lakshadweep Administration, Kavaratti, 682555, India
| | - George van Driem
- Institut für Sprachwissenschaft, Universität Bern, Länggassstrasse 49, 3012, Bern, Switzerland
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2
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Havaš Auguštin D, Šarac J, Reidla M, Tamm E, Grahovac B, Kapović M, Novokmet N, Rudan P, Missoni S, Marjanović D, Korolija M. Refining the Global Phylogeny of Mitochondrial N1a, X, and HV2 Haplogroups Based on Rare Mitogenomes from Croatian Isolates. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:1614. [PMID: 37628665 PMCID: PMC10454736 DOI: 10.3390/genes14081614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) has been used for decades as a predominant tool in population genetics and as a valuable addition to forensic genetic research, owing to its unique maternal inheritance pattern that enables the tracing of individuals along the maternal lineage across numerous generations. The dynamic interplay between evolutionary forces, primarily genetic drift, bottlenecks, and the founder effect, can exert significant influence on genetic profiles. Consequently, the Adriatic islands have accumulated a subset of lineages that exhibits remarkable absence or rarity within other European populations. This distinctive genetic composition underscores the islands' potential as a significant resource in phylogenetic research, with implications reaching beyond regional boundaries to contribute to a global understanding. In the initial attempt to expand the mitochondrial forensic database of the Croatian population with haplotypes from small isolated communities, we sequenced mitogenomes of rare haplogroups from different Croatian island and mainland populations using next-generation sequencing (NGS). In the next step and based on the obtained results, we refined the global phylogeny of haplogroup N1a, HV2, and X by analyzing rare haplotypes, which are absent from the current phylogenetic tree. The trees were based on 16 novel and 52 previously published samples, revealing completely novel branches in the X and HV2 haplogroups and a new European cluster in the ancestral N1a variant, previously believed to be an exclusively African-Asian haplogroup. The research emphasizes the importance of investigating geographically isolated populations and their unique characteristics within a global context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dubravka Havaš Auguštin
- Centre for Applied Bioanthropology, Institute for Anthropological Research, Ljudevita Gaja 32, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (D.H.A.)
- Institute for Anthropological Research, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Jelena Šarac
- Centre for Applied Bioanthropology, Institute for Anthropological Research, Ljudevita Gaja 32, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (D.H.A.)
- Institute for Anthropological Research, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Maere Reidla
- Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, 50090 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Erika Tamm
- Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, 50090 Tartu, Estonia
| | | | | | | | - Pavao Rudan
- Croatian Academy of Sciences and Arts, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Saša Missoni
- Institute for Anthropological Research, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
- Faculty of Dental Medicine and Health, J. J. Strossmayer University, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
| | - Damir Marjanović
- Centre for Applied Bioanthropology, Institute for Anthropological Research, Ljudevita Gaja 32, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (D.H.A.)
- Institute for Anthropological Research, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
- Genetics and Bioengineering Department, International Burch University, 71000 Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Marina Korolija
- Forensic Science Centre “Ivan Vučetić”, Ministry of the Interior, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
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3
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Fedorova SA, Khusnutdinova EK. Genetic Structure and Genetic History of the Sakha (Yakuts) Population. RUSS J GENET+ 2022. [DOI: 10.1134/s1022795422120031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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4
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Szeifert B, Gerber D, Csáky V, Langó P, Stashenkov DA, Khokhlov AA, Sitdikov AG, Gazimzyanov IR, Volkova EV, Matveeva NP, Zelenkov AS, Poshekhonova OE, Sleptsova AV, Karacharov KG, Ilyushina VV, Konikov BA, Sungatov FA, Kolonskikh AG, Botalov SG, Grudochko IV, Komar O, Egyed B, Mende BG, Türk A, Szécsényi-Nagy A. Tracing genetic connections of ancient Hungarians to the 6th-14th century populations of the Volga-Ural region. Hum Mol Genet 2022; 31:3266-3280. [PMID: 35531973 PMCID: PMC9523560 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddac106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Revised: 04/14/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Most of the early Hungarian tribes originated from the Volga-Kama and South-Ural regions, where they were composed of a mixed population based on historical, philological and archaeological data. We present here the uniparental genetic makeup of the mediaeval era of these regions that served as a melting pot for ethnic groups with different linguistic and historical backgrounds. Representing diverse cultural contexts, the new genetic data originate from ancient proto-Ob-Ugric people from Western Siberia (6th-13th century), the pre-Conquest period and subsisting Hungarians from the Volga-Ural region (6th-14th century) and their neighbours. By examining the eastern archaeology traits of Hungarian prehistory, we also study their genetic composition and origin in an interdisciplinary framework. We analyzed 110 deep-sequenced mitogenomes and 42 Y-chromosome haplotypes from 18 archaeological sites in Russia. The results support the studied groups' genetic relationships regardless of geographical distances, suggesting large-scale mobility. We detected long-lasting genetic connections between the sites representing the Kushnarenkovo and Chiyalik cultures and the Carpathian Basin Hungarians and confirmed the Uralic transmission of several East Eurasian uniparental lineages in their gene pool. Based on phylogenetics, we demonstrate and model the connections and splits of the studied Volga-Ural and conqueror groups. Early Hungarians and their alliances conquered the Carpathian Basin around 890 AD. Re-analysis of the Hungarian conquerors' maternal gene pool reveals numerous surviving maternal relationships in both sexes; therefore, we conclude that men and women came to the Carpathian Basin together, and although they were subsequently genetically fused into the local population, certain eastern lineages survived for centuries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bea Szeifert
- Institute of Archaeogenomics, Research Centre for the Humanities, Eötvös Loránd Research Network (ELKH), Budapest 1097, Hungary.,Doctoral School of Biology, Institute of Biology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest 1117, Hungary
| | - Dániel Gerber
- Institute of Archaeogenomics, Research Centre for the Humanities, Eötvös Loránd Research Network (ELKH), Budapest 1097, Hungary.,Doctoral School of Biology, Institute of Biology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest 1117, Hungary
| | - Veronika Csáky
- Institute of Archaeogenomics, Research Centre for the Humanities, Eötvös Loránd Research Network (ELKH), Budapest 1097, Hungary
| | - Péter Langó
- Institute of Archaeology, Research Centre for the Humanities, Eötvös Loránd Research Network (ELKH), Budapest 1097, Hungary.,Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, Institute of Archaeological Sciences, Pázmány Péter Catholic University, Budapest 1088, Hungary
| | - Dmitrii A Stashenkov
- Samara Regional Museum of History and Local Lore named after P. V. Alabina, Samara 443041, Russia
| | - Aleksandr A Khokhlov
- Department of Biology, Ecology and Teaching Methods, Samara State University of Social Sciences and Education, Samara 443099, Russia
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Olga E Poshekhonova
- Tyumen Scientific Centre SB RAS, Institute of the Problems of Northern Development, Tyumen 625026, Russia
| | - Anastasiia V Sleptsova
- Tyumen Scientific Centre SB RAS, Institute of the Problems of Northern Development, Tyumen 625026, Russia
| | | | - Viktoria V Ilyushina
- Tyumen Scientific Centre SB RAS, Institute of the Problems of Northern Development, Tyumen 625026, Russia
| | - Boris A Konikov
- Omsk Popov Production Association Russia, Omsk 644009, Russia
| | - Flarit A Sungatov
- Institute of History, Language and Literature of Scientific Center in Ufa of Russian Academy of Science, Ufa 450054, Russia
| | - Alexander G Kolonskikh
- Institute of Ethnological Studies of R.G. Kuzeev, Ufa Scientific Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Ufa 450077, Russia
| | - Sergei G Botalov
- South Ural Branch of the Institute of History and Archeology, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Chelyabinsk 454080 Russia.,South Ural State University, Chelyabinsk 454080, Russia
| | - Ivan V Grudochko
- South Ural Branch of the Institute of History and Archeology, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Chelyabinsk 454080 Russia.,South Ural State University, Chelyabinsk 454080, Russia
| | - Oleksii Komar
- Institute of Archaeology, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv 04210, Ukraine
| | - Balázs Egyed
- Department of Genetics, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest 1117, Hungary
| | - Balázs G Mende
- Institute of Archaeogenomics, Research Centre for the Humanities, Eötvös Loránd Research Network (ELKH), Budapest 1097, Hungary
| | - Attila Türk
- Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, Institute of Archaeological Sciences, Pázmány Péter Catholic University, Budapest 1088, Hungary.,Early Hungarians Research Team, Research Centre for the Humanities, Eötvös Loránd Research Network (ELKH), Budapest 1097, Hungary
| | - Anna Szécsényi-Nagy
- Institute of Archaeogenomics, Research Centre for the Humanities, Eötvös Loránd Research Network (ELKH), Budapest 1097, Hungary
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5
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Översti S, Palo JU. Variation in the substitution rates among the human mitochondrial haplogroup U sublineages. Genome Biol Evol 2022; 14:6613373. [PMID: 35731946 PMCID: PMC9250076 DOI: 10.1093/gbe/evac097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Resolving the absolute timescale of phylogenetic trees stipulates reliable estimates for the rate of DNA sequence evolution. For this end, various calibration methods have been developed and studied intensively. Intraspecific rate variation among distinct genetic lineages, however, has gained less attention. Here, we have assessed lineage-specific molecular rates of human mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) by performing tip-calibrated Bayesian phylogenetic analyses. Tip-calibration, as opposed to traditional nodal time stamps from dated fossil evidence or geological events, is based on sample ages and becoming ever more feasible as ancient DNA data from radiocarbon-dated samples accumulate. We focus on subhaplogroups U2, U4, U5a, and U5b, the data including ancient mtDNA genomes from 14C-dated samples (n = 234), contemporary genomes (n = 301), and two outgroup sequences from haplogroup R. The obtained molecular rates depended on the data sets (with or without contemporary sequences), suggesting time-dependency. More notable was the rate variation between haplogroups: U4 and U5a stand out having a substantially higher rate than U5b. This is also reflected in the divergence times obtained (U5a: 17,700 years and U5b: 29,700 years), a disparity not reported previously. After ruling out various alternative causes (e.g., selection, sampling, and sequence quality), we propose that the substitution rates have been influenced by demographic histories, widely different among populations where U4/U5a or U5b are frequent. As with the Y-chromosomal subhaplogroup R1b, the mitochondrial U4 and U5a have been associated with remarkable range extensions of the Yamnaya culture in the Bronze Age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanni Översti
- Transmission, Infection, Diversification and Evolution Group, Max-Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, Jena, Germany Kahlaische Straße 10, 07745, Jena, Germany.,Organismal and Evolutionary Biology Research Programme, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland P.O. Box 56, FI-00014, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jukka U Palo
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland P.O. Box 40, FI-00014, Helsinki, Finland.,Forensic Chemistry Unit, Forensic Genetics Team, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland P.O. Box 30, FI-00271, Helsinki, Finland
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6
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Gubina MA, Babenko VN, Batsevich VA, Leibova NA, Zabiyako AP. Polymorphism of Mitochondrial DNA and Six Nuclear Genes in the Amur Evenk Population. RUSS J GENET+ 2022. [DOI: 10.1134/s1022795422010033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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7
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Csáky V, Gerber D, Szeifert B, Egyed B, Stégmár B, Botalov SG, Grudochko IV, Matveeva NP, Zelenkov AS, Sleptsova AV, Goldina RD, Danich AV, Mende BG, Türk A, Szécsényi-Nagy A. Early medieval genetic data from Ural region evaluated in the light of archaeological evidence of ancient Hungarians. Sci Rep 2020; 10:19137. [PMID: 33154399 PMCID: PMC7645724 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-75910-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The ancient Hungarians originated from the Ural region of Russia, and migrated through the Middle-Volga region and the Eastern European steppe into the Carpathian Basin during the ninth century AD. Their Homeland was probably in the southern Trans-Ural region, where the Kushnarenkovo culture was disseminated. In the Cis-Ural region Lomovatovo and Nevolino cultures are archaeologically related to ancient Hungarians. In this study we describe maternal and paternal lineages of 36 individuals from these regions and nine Hungarian Conquest period individuals from today's Hungary, as well as shallow shotgun genome data from the Trans-Uralic Uyelgi cemetery. We point out the genetic continuity between the three chronological horizons of Uyelgi cemetery, which was a burial place of a rather endogamous population. Using phylogenetic and population genetic analyses we demonstrate the genetic connection between Trans-, Cis-Ural and the Carpathian Basin on various levels. The analyses of this new Uralic dataset fill a gap of population genetic research of Eurasia, and reshape the conclusions previously drawn from tenth to eleventh century ancient mitogenomes and Y-chromosomes from Hungary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronika Csáky
- Laboratory of Archaeogenetics in the Institute of Archaeology, Research Centre for the Humanities, Budapest, Hungary.
| | - Dániel Gerber
- Laboratory of Archaeogenetics in the Institute of Archaeology, Research Centre for the Humanities, Budapest, Hungary
- Department of Genetics, ELTE - Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Bea Szeifert
- Laboratory of Archaeogenetics in the Institute of Archaeology, Research Centre for the Humanities, Budapest, Hungary
- Department of Genetics, ELTE - Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Balázs Egyed
- Department of Genetics, ELTE - Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Balázs Stégmár
- Department of Genetics, ELTE - Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Rimma Dmitrievna Goldina
- Department of History, Archaeology and Ethnology of Udmurtia of the Institute of History and Sociology, Udmurt State University, Izhevsk, Russia
| | | | - Balázs Gusztáv Mende
- Laboratory of Archaeogenetics in the Institute of Archaeology, Research Centre for the Humanities, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Attila Türk
- Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, Institute of Archaeology, Pázmány Péter Catholic University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Anna Szécsényi-Nagy
- Laboratory of Archaeogenetics in the Institute of Archaeology, Research Centre for the Humanities, Budapest, Hungary.
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8
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Human mitochondrial DNA lineages in Iron-Age Fennoscandia suggest incipient admixture and eastern introduction of farming-related maternal ancestry. Sci Rep 2019; 9:16883. [PMID: 31729399 PMCID: PMC6858343 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-51045-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2019] [Accepted: 09/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Human ancient DNA studies have revealed high mobility in Europe’s past, and have helped to decode the human history on the Eurasian continent. Northeastern Europe, especially north of the Baltic Sea, however, remains less well understood largely due to the lack of preserved human remains. Finland, with a divergent population history from most of Europe, offers a unique perspective to hunter-gatherer way of life, but thus far genetic information on prehistoric human groups in Finland is nearly absent. Here we report 103 complete ancient mitochondrial genomes from human remains dated to AD 300–1800, and explore mtDNA diversity associated with hunter-gatherers and Neolithic farmers. The results indicate largely unadmixed mtDNA pools of differing ancestries from Iron-Age on, suggesting a rather late genetic shift from hunter-gatherers towards farmers in North-East Europe. Furthermore, the data suggest eastern introduction of farmer-related haplogroups into Finland, contradicting contemporary genetic patterns in Finns.
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9
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Baptista Rosas RC, Mercado Sesma A, Hernández Ortega L, Hernandez Gonzalez L, Vega Avalos J, Arreola Cruz AA. The utility of genomic public databases to mitochondrial haplotyping in contemporary Mestizo population of Mexican origin. Mitochondrial DNA A DNA Mapp Seq Anal 2019; 30:567-572. [PMID: 30897996 DOI: 10.1080/24701394.2019.1580271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
There are different public databases and open access information that can be exploited to be reused in different research projects. With this concept in mind, we carried out a study to answer the question about the prevalence of haplogroups in human populations of modern Mexico. Since the publication of genomic and mitochondrial data in Latin American populations are very scarce and with very small samples, our work proposes to consider the availability of genomic and genetic data collections that can be reused for other purposes, different from those initially proposed in the investigations where the sequences were obtained. The objective of the present study was to explore the population structure of Mexico using available information in the public database. Through the search of information in the nucleotide database of National Center of Biotechnology Information (NCBI) of complete sequences of mitochondrial genome (16 Kb) of indigenous people, Mexican Mestizo population and Mexican-Americans living in the United States, they were classified according to the polymorphisms associated with haplogroups A, B, C and D reported in the literature as the most frequent. We obtained 283 sequences, of which 255 were selected with the criteria mentioned. The haplotyping results showed 113 different clades and subclades distributed in a general way in eight haplogroups. The most frequent groups that dominate the population were the haplogroup A with 90 individuals representing 36%, followed by haplogroup B in 65 individuals representing 26% of the sample.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raúl C Baptista Rosas
- a Department of Sciences of Health-Diseases as Individual Process, Centro Universitario de Tonalá, Universidad de Guadalajara , Tonalá , Mexico
| | - Arieh Mercado Sesma
- a Department of Sciences of Health-Diseases as Individual Process, Centro Universitario de Tonalá, Universidad de Guadalajara , Tonalá , Mexico
| | - Luis Hernández Ortega
- b Department of Biomedicine , Centro Universitario de Tonalá, Universidad de Guadalajara , Tonalá , Mexico
| | - Luis Hernandez Gonzalez
- c School of Medicine , Centro Universitario de Tonalá, Universidad de Guadalajara , Tonalá , Mexico
| | - Jorge Vega Avalos
- c School of Medicine , Centro Universitario de Tonalá, Universidad de Guadalajara , Tonalá , Mexico
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10
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Neparáczki E, Maróti Z, Kalmár T, Kocsy K, Maár K, Bihari P, Nagy I, Fóthi E, Pap I, Kustár Á, Pálfi G, Raskó I, Zink A, Török T. Mitogenomic data indicate admixture components of Central-Inner Asian and Srubnaya origin in the conquering Hungarians. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0205920. [PMID: 30335830 PMCID: PMC6193700 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0205920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2018] [Accepted: 10/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
It has been widely accepted that the Finno-Ugric Hungarian language, originated from proto Uralic people, was brought into the Carpathian Basin by the conquering Hungarians. From the middle of the 19th century this view prevailed against the deep-rooted Hungarian Hun tradition, maintained in folk memory as well as in Hungarian and foreign written medieval sources, which claimed that Hungarians were kinsfolk of the Huns. In order to shed light on the genetic origin of the Conquerors we sequenced 102 mitogenomes from early Conqueror cemeteries and compared them to sequences of all available databases. We applied novel population genetic algorithms, named Shared Haplogroup Distance and MITOMIX, to reveal past admixture of maternal lineages. Our results show that the Conquerors assembled from various nomadic groups of the Eurasian steppe. Population genetic results indicate that they had closest connection to the Onogur-Bulgar ancestors of Volga Tatars. Phylogenetic results reveal that more than one third of the Conqueror maternal lineages were derived from Central-Inner Asia and their most probable ultimate sources were the Asian Scythians and Asian Huns, giving support to the Hungarian Hun tradition. The rest of the lineages most likely originated from the Bronze Age Potapovka-Poltavka-Srubnaya cultures of the Pontic-Caspian steppe. Available data imply that the Conquerors did not have a major contribution to the gene pool of the Carpathian Basin.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Zoltán Maróti
- Department of Pediatrics and Pediatric Health Center, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Tibor Kalmár
- Department of Pediatrics and Pediatric Health Center, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Klaudia Kocsy
- Department of Genetics, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Kitti Maár
- Department of Genetics, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | | | - István Nagy
- SeqOmics Biotechnology Ltd., Mórahalom, Hungary
- Institute of Biochemistry, Biological Research Centre, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Erzsébet Fóthi
- Department of Anthropology, Hungarian Natural History Museum, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Ildikó Pap
- Department of Anthropology, Hungarian Natural History Museum, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Ágnes Kustár
- Department of Anthropology, Hungarian Natural History Museum, Budapest, Hungary
| | - György Pálfi
- Department of Biological Anthropology, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - István Raskó
- Institute of Genetics, Biological Research Centre, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Albert Zink
- Institute for Mummies and the Iceman, EURAC, Bolzano, Italy
| | - Tibor Török
- Department of Genetics, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
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11
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Tambets K, Yunusbayev B, Hudjashov G, Ilumäe AM, Rootsi S, Honkola T, Vesakoski O, Atkinson Q, Skoglund P, Kushniarevich A, Litvinov S, Reidla M, Metspalu E, Saag L, Rantanen T, Karmin M, Parik J, Zhadanov SI, Gubina M, Damba LD, Bermisheva M, Reisberg T, Dibirova K, Evseeva I, Nelis M, Klovins J, Metspalu A, Esko T, Balanovsky O, Balanovska E, Khusnutdinova EK, Osipova LP, Voevoda M, Villems R, Kivisild T, Metspalu M. Genes reveal traces of common recent demographic history for most of the Uralic-speaking populations. Genome Biol 2018; 19:139. [PMID: 30241495 PMCID: PMC6151024 DOI: 10.1186/s13059-018-1522-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2018] [Accepted: 09/03/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The genetic origins of Uralic speakers from across a vast territory in the temperate zone of North Eurasia have remained elusive. Previous studies have shown contrasting proportions of Eastern and Western Eurasian ancestry in their mitochondrial and Y chromosomal gene pools. While the maternal lineages reflect by and large the geographic background of a given Uralic-speaking population, the frequency of Y chromosomes of Eastern Eurasian origin is distinctively high among European Uralic speakers. The autosomal variation of Uralic speakers, however, has not yet been studied comprehensively. RESULTS Here, we present a genome-wide analysis of 15 Uralic-speaking populations which cover all main groups of the linguistic family. We show that contemporary Uralic speakers are genetically very similar to their local geographical neighbours. However, when studying relationships among geographically distant populations, we find that most of the Uralic speakers and some of their neighbours share a genetic component of possibly Siberian origin. Additionally, we show that most Uralic speakers share significantly more genomic segments identity-by-descent with each other than with geographically equidistant speakers of other languages. We find that correlated genome-wide genetic and lexical distances among Uralic speakers suggest co-dispersion of genes and languages. Yet, we do not find long-range genetic ties between Estonians and Hungarians with their linguistic sisters that would distinguish them from their non-Uralic-speaking neighbours. CONCLUSIONS We show that most Uralic speakers share a distinct ancestry component of likely Siberian origin, which suggests that the spread of Uralic languages involved at least some demic component.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristiina Tambets
- Estonian Biocentre, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Riia 23b, 51010, Tartu, Estonia.
| | - Bayazit Yunusbayev
- Estonian Biocentre, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Riia 23b, 51010, Tartu, Estonia
- Ufa Scientific Center of RAS, Ufa, 450054, Russia
| | - Georgi Hudjashov
- Estonian Biocentre, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Riia 23b, 51010, Tartu, Estonia
- Statistics and Bioinformatics Group, Institute of Fundamental Sciences, Massey University, Palmerston North, 4442, New Zealand
| | - Anne-Mai Ilumäe
- Estonian Biocentre, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Riia 23b, 51010, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Siiri Rootsi
- Estonian Biocentre, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Riia 23b, 51010, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Terhi Honkola
- Department of Biology, University of Turku, 20014, Turku, Finland
- Institute of Estonian and General Linguistics, University of Tartu, 51014, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Outi Vesakoski
- Department of Biology, University of Turku, 20014, Turku, Finland
| | - Quentin Atkinson
- School of Psychology, University of Auckland, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand
- Department of Linguistic and Cultural Evolution, Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, D-07745, Jena, Germany
| | - Pontus Skoglund
- The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London, NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Alena Kushniarevich
- Estonian Biocentre, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Riia 23b, 51010, Tartu, Estonia
- Institute of Genetics and Cytology of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, Minsk, 220072, Republic of Belarus
| | - Sergey Litvinov
- Estonian Biocentre, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Riia 23b, 51010, Tartu, Estonia
- Institute of Biochemistry and Genetics, Ufa Scientific Center of RAS, Ufa, 450054, Russia
| | - Maere Reidla
- Estonian Biocentre, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Riia 23b, 51010, Tartu, Estonia
- Department of Evolutionary Biology, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Tartu, 51010, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Ene Metspalu
- Estonian Biocentre, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Riia 23b, 51010, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Lehti Saag
- Estonian Biocentre, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Riia 23b, 51010, Tartu, Estonia
- Department of Evolutionary Biology, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Tartu, 51010, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Timo Rantanen
- Department of Geography and Geology, University of Turku, 20014, Turku, Finland
| | - Monika Karmin
- Estonian Biocentre, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Riia 23b, 51010, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Jüri Parik
- Estonian Biocentre, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Riia 23b, 51010, Tartu, Estonia
- Department of Evolutionary Biology, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Tartu, 51010, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Sergey I Zhadanov
- Estonian Biocentre, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Riia 23b, 51010, Tartu, Estonia
- Department of Radiology, The Mount Sinai Medical Center, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Marina Gubina
- Estonian Biocentre, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Riia 23b, 51010, Tartu, Estonia
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of RAS, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia
| | - Larisa D Damba
- Estonian Biocentre, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Riia 23b, 51010, Tartu, Estonia
- Research Institute of Medical and Social Problems and Control of the Healthcare Department of Tuva Republic, Kyzyl, 667003, Russia
| | - Marina Bermisheva
- Estonian Biocentre, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Riia 23b, 51010, Tartu, Estonia
- Institute of Biochemistry and Genetics, Ufa Scientific Center of RAS, Ufa, 450054, Russia
| | - Tuuli Reisberg
- Estonian Biocentre, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Riia 23b, 51010, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Khadizhat Dibirova
- Estonian Biocentre, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Riia 23b, 51010, Tartu, Estonia
- Research Centre for Medical Genetics, Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, Moscow, 115478, Russia
| | - Irina Evseeva
- Northern State Medical University, Arkhangelsk, 163000, Russia
- Anthony Nolan, London, NW3 2NU, UK
| | - Mari Nelis
- Research Centre of Estonian Genome Center, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, 51010, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Janis Klovins
- Latvian Biomedical Research and Study Centre, Riga, LV-1067, Latvia
| | - Andres Metspalu
- Research Centre of Estonian Genome Center, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, 51010, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Tõnu Esko
- Research Centre of Estonian Genome Center, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, 51010, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Oleg Balanovsky
- Research Centre for Medical Genetics, Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, Moscow, 115478, Russia
- Vavilov Institute for General Genetics, RAS, Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | - Elena Balanovska
- Research Centre for Medical Genetics, Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, Moscow, 115478, Russia
| | - Elza K Khusnutdinova
- Institute of Biochemistry and Genetics, Ufa Scientific Center of RAS, Ufa, 450054, Russia
- Department of Genetics and Fundamental Medicine, Bashkir State University, Ufa, 450054, Russia
| | - Ludmila P Osipova
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of RAS, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia
- Novosibirsk State University, 2 Pirogova Str, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia
| | - Mikhail Voevoda
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of RAS, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia
- Novosibirsk State University, 2 Pirogova Str, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia
- Institute of Internal Medicine, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia
| | - Richard Villems
- Estonian Biocentre, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Riia 23b, 51010, Tartu, Estonia
- Department of Evolutionary Biology, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Tartu, 51010, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Toomas Kivisild
- Estonian Biocentre, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Riia 23b, 51010, Tartu, Estonia
- Department of Evolutionary Biology, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Tartu, 51010, Tartu, Estonia
- Department of Archaeology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 1QH, UK
- Department of Human Genetics, KU Leuven, Leuven, 3000, Belgium
| | - Mait Metspalu
- Estonian Biocentre, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Riia 23b, 51010, Tartu, Estonia
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12
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Pilipenko AS, Trapezov RO, Cherdantsev SV, Babenko VN, Nesterova MS, Pozdnyakov DV, Molodin VI, Polosmak NV. Maternal genetic features of the Iron Age Tagar population from Southern Siberia (1st millennium BC). PLoS One 2018; 13:e0204062. [PMID: 30235269 PMCID: PMC6147448 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0204062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2018] [Accepted: 08/31/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Early nomads in the Eurasian steppes since the beginning of the 1st millennium BC played a key role in the formation of the cultural and genetic landscape of populations of a significant part of Eurasia, from Eastern Europe to Eastern Central Asia. Numerous archaeological cultures associated with early nomads have been discovered throughout the Eurasian steppe belt. The Tagar archaeological culture existed in the Minusinsk basin (Sayan Mountains, Southern Siberia, Russia) in the northeastern periphery of the Eurasian steppe belt from the 8th to 1st century BC during the pre-Scythian, Scythian, and Early Xiongnu-Sarmatian periods. In this study, we evaluated mtDNA diversity in the Tagar population based on representative series (N = 79) belonging to all chronological stages of the culture. The Tagar population had a mixed mtDNA pool dominated by Western Eurasian haplogroups and subgroups (H, HV6, HV*, I, K, T, U2e, U4, U5a, and U*) and, to a lesser degree, Eastern Eurasian haplogroups (A*, A8, C*, C5, D, G2a, and F1b). The Tagar population showed a similar mtDNA pool structure to those of other Iron Age populations representing the "Scythian World." We observed particularly high similarity between the Tagar and Classic Scythians from the North Pontic region. Our results support the assumption that genetic components introduced by Bronze Age migrants from Western Eurasia contributed to the formation of the genetic composition of Scythian period populations in Southern Siberia. Another important component of the Tagar mtDNA pool was autochthonous East Eurasian lineages, some of which (A8 and C4a2a) are potential markers of the westward genetic influence of the eastern populations of the Scythian period. Our results suggest a genetic continuity (at least partial) between the Early, Middle, and Late Tagar populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandr S. Pilipenko
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
- Institute of Archaeology and Ethnography, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
- Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Russia
- * E-mail:
| | - Rostislav O. Trapezov
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
- Institute of Archaeology and Ethnography, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Stepan V. Cherdantsev
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
- Institute of Archaeology and Ethnography, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Vladimir N. Babenko
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Marina S. Nesterova
- Institute of Archaeology and Ethnography, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Dmitri V. Pozdnyakov
- Institute of Archaeology and Ethnography, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Vyacheslav I. Molodin
- Institute of Archaeology and Ethnography, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
- Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Natalia V. Polosmak
- Institute of Archaeology and Ethnography, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
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Gubina MA, Babenko VN, Voevoda MI. Polymorphism of Mitochondrial DNA in Population of Siberian Tatars from Barabinsk Forest Steppe. RUSS J GENET+ 2018. [DOI: 10.1134/s1022795418060066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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14
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Rusu I, Modi A, Vai S, Pilli E, Mircea C, Radu C, Urduzia C, Pinter ZK, Bodolică V, Dobrinescu C, Hervella M, Popescu O, Lari M, Caramelli D, Kelemen B. Maternal DNA lineages at the gate of Europe in the 10th century AD. PLoS One 2018. [PMID: 29538439 PMCID: PMC5851556 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0193578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Given the paucity of archaeogenetic data available for medieval European populations in comparison to other historical periods, the genetic landscape of this age appears as a puzzle of dispersed, small, known pieces. In particular, Southeastern Europe has been scarcely investigated to date. In this paper, we report the study of mitochondrial DNA in 10th century AD human samples from Capidava necropolis, located in Dobruja (Southeastern Romania, Southeastern Europe). This geographical region is particularly interesting because of the extensive population flux following diverse migration routes, and the complex interactions between distinct population groups during the medieval period. We successfully amplified and typed the mitochondrial control region of 10 individuals. For five of them, we also reconstructed the complete mitochondrial genomes using hybridization-based DNA capture combined with Next Generation Sequencing. We have portrayed the genetic structure of the Capidava medieval population, represented by 10 individuals displaying 8 haplotypes (U5a1c2a, V1a, R0a2’3, H1, U3a, N9a9, H5e1a1, and H13a1a3). Remarkable for this site is the presence of both Central Asiatic (N9a) and common European mtDNA haplotypes, establishing Capidava as a point of convergence between East and West. The distribution of mtDNA lineages in the necropolis highlighted the existence of two groups of two individuals with close maternal relationships as they share the same haplotypes. We also sketch, using comparative statistical and population genetic analyses, the genetic relationships between the investigated dataset and other medieval and modern Eurasian populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioana Rusu
- Molecular Biology Center, Interdisciplinary Research Institute on Bio-Nano-Sciences, Babeș-Bolyai University, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology and Geology, Babeș-Bolyai University, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- * E-mail: (IR); (AM)
| | - Alessandra Modi
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Università di Firenze, Florence, Italy
- * E-mail: (IR); (AM)
| | - Stefania Vai
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Università di Firenze, Florence, Italy
| | - Elena Pilli
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Università di Firenze, Florence, Italy
| | - Cristina Mircea
- Molecular Biology Center, Interdisciplinary Research Institute on Bio-Nano-Sciences, Babeș-Bolyai University, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology and Geology, Babeș-Bolyai University, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Claudia Radu
- Molecular Biology Center, Interdisciplinary Research Institute on Bio-Nano-Sciences, Babeș-Bolyai University, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- Faculty of History and Philosophy, Babeș-Bolyai University, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | | | - Zeno Karl Pinter
- Department of History, Heritage and Protestant Theology, Lucian Blaga University of Sibiu, Sibiu, Romania
- Institute of Social Sciences and Humanities, Romanian Academy, Sibiu, Romania
| | - Vitalie Bodolică
- Department of Research-Development and Projects, Museum of National History and Archeology, Constanța, Romania
| | - Cătălin Dobrinescu
- Department of Research-Development and Projects, Museum of National History and Archeology, Constanța, Romania
| | - Montserrat Hervella
- Department of Genetics, Physical Anthropology and Animal Physiology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Octavian Popescu
- Molecular Biology Center, Interdisciplinary Research Institute on Bio-Nano-Sciences, Babeș-Bolyai University, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology and Geology, Babeș-Bolyai University, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Martina Lari
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Università di Firenze, Florence, Italy
| | - David Caramelli
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Università di Firenze, Florence, Italy
| | - Beatrice Kelemen
- Molecular Biology Center, Interdisciplinary Research Institute on Bio-Nano-Sciences, Babeș-Bolyai University, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology and Geology, Babeș-Bolyai University, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
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15
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Šebest L, Baldovič M, Frtús A, Bognár C, Kyselicová K, Kádasi Ľ, Beňuš R. Detection of mitochondrial haplogroups in a small avar-slavic population from the eigth-ninth century AD. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY 2018; 165:536-553. [PMID: 29345305 DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.23380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2016] [Revised: 10/31/2017] [Accepted: 12/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES In the sixth century AD, Avars came to Central Europe from middle Eurasian steppes and founded a strong Empire called the Avar Khagante (568-799/803 AD) in the Pannonian basin. During the existence of this empire, they undertook many military and pugnacious campaigns. In the seventh century, they conquered the northern territory inhabited by Slavs, who were further recruited in Avar military and were commissioned with obtaining food supplies. During almost 200 years of Avar domination, a significant influence by the Avar culture (especially on the burial rite) and assimilation with indigenous population (occurrence of "East Asian"cranial features) could be noticed in this mixed area, which is supported by achaeological and anthropologcal research. Therefore we expected higher incidence of east Eurasian haplogroups (introduced by Avars) than the frequencies detected in present-day central European populations. MATERIALS AND METHODS Mitochondrial DNA from 62 human skeletal remains excavated from the Avar-Slavic burial site Cífer-Pác (Slovakia) dated to the eighth and ninth century was analyzed by the sequencing of hypervariable region I and selected parts of coding region. Obtained haplotypes were compared with other present-day and historical populations and genetic distances were calculated using standard statistical method. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION In total, the detection of mitochondrial haplogroups was possible in 46 individuals. Our results prooved a higher frequency of east Eurasian haplogroups in our analyzed population (6.52%) than in present-day central European populations. However, it is almost three times lower than the frequency of east Eurasian haplogroups detected in other medieval Avar populations. The statistical analysis showed a greater similarity and the lowest genetic distances between the Avar-Slavic burial site Cifer-Pac and medieval European populations than the South Siberian, East and Central Asian populations. CONCLUSION Our results indicate that the transfer of Avar genetic variation through their mtDNA was rather weak in the analyzed mixed population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukáš Šebest
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University, Mlynska Dolina, Ilkovicova 6, Bratislava 842 15, Slovak Republic
| | - Marian Baldovič
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University, Mlynska Dolina, Ilkovicova 6, Bratislava 842 15, Slovak Republic
| | - Adam Frtús
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University, Mlynska Dolina, Ilkovicova 6, Bratislava 842 15, Slovak Republic
| | - Csaba Bognár
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University, Mlynska Dolina, Ilkovicova 6, Bratislava 842 15, Slovak Republic
| | - Klaudia Kyselicová
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Physiology, Comenius University, Sasinkova 2, Bratislava 813 72, Slovak Republic.,Department of Anthropology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University, Mlynska Dolina, Ilkovicova 6, Bratislava 842 15, Slovak Republic
| | - Ľudevít Kádasi
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University, Mlynska Dolina, Ilkovicova 6, Bratislava 842 15, Slovak Republic.,Biomedical Research Center Slovak Academy of Sciences, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravska cesta 9, Bratislava 845 05, Slovak Republic
| | - Radoslav Beňuš
- Department of Anthropology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University, Mlynska Dolina, Ilkovicova 6, Bratislava 842 15, Slovak Republic
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16
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Gimalova GF, Karunas AS, Fedorova YY, Khusnutdinova EK. The study of filaggrin gene mutations and copy number variation in atopic dermatitis patients from Volga-Ural region of Russia. Gene 2016; 591:85-89. [PMID: 27363669 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2016.06.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2016] [Revised: 06/16/2016] [Accepted: 06/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic inflammatory skin disease characterized by age-specific localization, dryness, itch and hypersensitivity to allergens. In our study, we investigated FLG gene mutations and CNVs in AD patients and control subjects of different ethnic origin from Volga-Ural region. AD group included 303 patients (177 Russians, 126 Tatars). Control group consisted of 261 healthy individuals (152 Russians, 109 Tatars). The study revealed 66 FLG mutation carriers and demonstrated an association between c.2282del4 deletion and AD development in Russians and Tatars of Volga-Ural region of Russia. In the analysis of the FLG gene CNVs, the most common was 10-repeat allele in both Russian and Tatar patients and controls. We were unable to find any significant difference in CNV repeats count between AD patients and control individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Galiya F Gimalova
- Institute of Biochemistry and Genetics of Ufa Scientific Centre of Russian Academy of Sciences, Ufa 450054, Pr.Oktyabrya, 71, Russia.
| | - Alexandra S Karunas
- Institute of Biochemistry and Genetics of Ufa Scientific Centre of Russian Academy of Sciences, Ufa 450054, Pr.Oktyabrya, 71, Russia; Bashkir State University, Ufa 450076, ul. Z.Validi, 32, Russia
| | - Yuliya Y Fedorova
- Institute of Biochemistry and Genetics of Ufa Scientific Centre of Russian Academy of Sciences, Ufa 450054, Pr.Oktyabrya, 71, Russia
| | - Elza K Khusnutdinova
- Institute of Biochemistry and Genetics of Ufa Scientific Centre of Russian Academy of Sciences, Ufa 450054, Pr.Oktyabrya, 71, Russia; Bashkir State University, Ufa 450076, ul. Z.Validi, 32, Russia
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17
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Nesheva DV, Karachanak-Yankova S, Lari M, Yordanov Y, Galabov A, Caramelli D, Toncheva D. Mitochondrial DNA Suggests a Western Eurasian Origin for Ancient (Proto-) Bulgarians. Hum Biol 2016; 87:19-28. [PMID: 26416319 DOI: 10.13110/humanbiology.87.1.0019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Ancient (proto-) Bulgarians have long been thought of as a Turkic population. However, evidence found in the past three decades shows that this is not the case. Until now, this evidence has not included ancient mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) analysis. To fill this void, we collected human remains from the 8th to the 10th century AD located in three necropolises in Bulgaria: Nojarevo (Silistra region) and Monastery of Mostich (Shumen region), both in northeastern Bulgaria, and Tuhovishte (Satovcha region) in southwestern Bulgaria. The phylogenetic analysis of 13 ancient DNA samples (extracted from teeth) identified 12 independent haplotypes, which we further classified into mtDNA haplogroups found in present-day European and western Eurasian populations. Our results suggest a western Eurasian matrilineal origin for proto-Bulgarians, as well as a genetic similarity between proto- and modern Bulgarians. Our future work will provide additional data that will further clarify proto-Bulgarian origins, thereby adding new clues to the current understanding of European genetic evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- D V Nesheva
- 1 Department of Medical Genetics, Medical University of Sofia, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | | | - M Lari
- 2 Department of Biology, Laboratory of Anthropology, Molecular Anthropology/Paleogenetics Unit, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Y Yordanov
- 3 Institute of Experimental Morphology, Pathology and Anthropology with Museum, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - A Galabov
- 4 Stephan Angeloff Institute of Microbiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - D Caramelli
- 2 Department of Biology, Laboratory of Anthropology, Molecular Anthropology/Paleogenetics Unit, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - D Toncheva
- 1 Department of Medical Genetics, Medical University of Sofia, Sofia, Bulgaria
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18
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Gubina MA, Kulikov IV, Babenko VN, Chikisheva TA, Romashchenko AG, Voevoda MI, Molodin VI. The dynamics of the composition of mtDNA haplotypes of the ancient population of the Altai Mountains from the early bronze age (3rd millennium BC) to the iron age (2nd–1st centuries BC). RUSS J GENET+ 2016. [DOI: 10.1134/s1022795416010063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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19
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Ancient mitochondrial genome reveals trace of prehistoric migration in the east Pamir by pastoralists. J Hum Genet 2015; 61:103-8. [PMID: 26511065 DOI: 10.1038/jhg.2015.128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2015] [Revised: 09/17/2015] [Accepted: 09/26/2015] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The complete mitochondrial genome of one 700-year-old individual found in Tashkurgan, Xinjiang was target enriched and sequenced in order to shed light on the population history of Tashkurgan and determine the phylogenetic relationship of haplogroup U5a. The ancient sample was assigned to a subclade of haplogroup U5a2a1, which is defined by two rare and stable transversions at 16114A and 13928C. Phylogenetic analysis shows a distribution pattern for U5a2a that is indicative of an origin in the Volga-Ural region and exhibits a clear eastward geographical expansion that correlates with the pastoral culture also entering the Eurasian steppe. The haplogroup U5a2a present in the ancient Tashkurgan individual reveals prehistoric migration in the East Pamir by pastoralists. This study shows that studying an ancient mitochondrial genome is a useful approach for studying the evolutionary process and population history of Eastern Pamir.
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20
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MtDNA Haplogroup A10 Lineages in Bronze Age Samples Suggest That Ancient Autochthonous Human Groups Contributed to the Specificity of the Indigenous West Siberian Population. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0127182. [PMID: 25950581 PMCID: PMC4423966 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0127182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2013] [Accepted: 04/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The craniometric specificity of the indigenous West Siberian human populations cannot be completely explained by the genetic interactions of the western and eastern Eurasian groups recorded in the archaeology of the area from the beginning of the 2nd millennium BC. Anthropologists have proposed another probable explanation: contribution to the genetic structure of West Siberian indigenous populations by ancient human groups, which separated from western and eastern Eurasian populations before the final formation of their phenotypic and genetic features and evolved independently in the region over a long period of time. This hypothesis remains untested. From the genetic point of view, it could be confirmed by the presence in the gene pool of indigenous populations of autochthonous components that evolved in the region over long time periods. The detection of such components, particularly in the mtDNA gene pool, is crucial for further clarification of early regional genetic history. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION We present the results of analysis of mtDNA samples (n = 10) belonging to the A10 haplogroup, from Bronze Age populations of West Siberian forest-steppe (V-I millennium BC), that were identified in a screening study of a large diachronic sample (n = 96). A10 lineages, which are very rare in modern Eurasian populations, were found in all the Bronze Age groups under study. Data on the A10 lineages' phylogeny and phylogeography in ancient West Siberian and modern Eurasian populations suggest that A10 haplogroup underwent a long-term evolution in West Siberia or arose there autochthonously; thus, the presence of A10 lineages indicates the possible contribution of early autochthonous human groups to the genetic specificity of modern populations, in addition to contributions of later interactions of western and eastern Eurasian populations.
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Yunusbayev B, Metspalu M, Metspalu E, Valeev A, Litvinov S, Valiev R, Akhmetova V, Balanovska E, Balanovsky O, Turdikulova S, Dalimova D, Nymadawa P, Bahmanimehr A, Sahakyan H, Tambets K, Fedorova S, Barashkov N, Khidiyatova I, Mihailov E, Khusainova R, Damba L, Derenko M, Malyarchuk B, Osipova L, Voevoda M, Yepiskoposyan L, Kivisild T, Khusnutdinova E, Villems R. The genetic legacy of the expansion of Turkic-speaking nomads across Eurasia. PLoS Genet 2015; 11:e1005068. [PMID: 25898006 PMCID: PMC4405460 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1005068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2013] [Accepted: 02/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The Turkic peoples represent a diverse collection of ethnic groups defined by the Turkic languages. These groups have dispersed across a vast area, including Siberia, Northwest China, Central Asia, East Europe, the Caucasus, Anatolia, the Middle East, and Afghanistan. The origin and early dispersal history of the Turkic peoples is disputed, with candidates for their ancient homeland ranging from the Transcaspian steppe to Manchuria in Northeast Asia. Previous genetic studies have not identified a clear-cut unifying genetic signal for the Turkic peoples, which lends support for language replacement rather than demic diffusion as the model for the Turkic language’s expansion. We addressed the genetic origin of 373 individuals from 22 Turkic-speaking populations, representing their current geographic range, by analyzing genome-wide high-density genotype data. In agreement with the elite dominance model of language expansion most of the Turkic peoples studied genetically resemble their geographic neighbors. However, western Turkic peoples sampled across West Eurasia shared an excess of long chromosomal tracts that are identical by descent (IBD) with populations from present-day South Siberia and Mongolia (SSM), an area where historians center a series of early Turkic and non-Turkic steppe polities. While SSM matching IBD tracts (> 1cM) are also observed in non-Turkic populations, Turkic peoples demonstrate a higher percentage of such tracts (p-values ≤ 0.01) compared to their non-Turkic neighbors. Finally, we used the ALDER method and inferred admixture dates (~9th–17th centuries) that overlap with the Turkic migrations of the 5th–16th centuries. Thus, our results indicate historical admixture among Turkic peoples, and the recent shared ancestry with modern populations in SSM supports one of the hypothesized homelands for their nomadic Turkic and related Mongolic ancestors. Centuries of nomadic migrations have ultimately resulted in the distribution of Turkic languages over a large area ranging from Siberia, across Central Asia to Eastern Europe and the Middle East. Despite the profound cultural impact left by these nomadic peoples, little is known about their prehistoric origins. Moreover, because contemporary Turkic speakers tend to genetically resemble their geographic neighbors, it is not clear whether their nomadic ancestors left an identifiable genetic trace. In this study, we show that Turkic-speaking peoples sampled across the Middle East, Caucasus, East Europe, and Central Asia share varying proportions of Asian ancestry that originate in a single area, southern Siberia and Mongolia. Mongolic- and Turkic-speaking populations from this area bear an unusually high number of long chromosomal tracts that are identical by descent with Turkic peoples from across west Eurasia. Admixture induced linkage disequilibrium decay across chromosomes in these populations indicates that admixture occurred during the 9th–17th centuries, in agreement with the historically recorded Turkic nomadic migrations and later Mongol expansion. Thus, our findings reveal genetic traces of recent large-scale nomadic migrations and map their source to a previously hypothesized area of Mongolia and southern Siberia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bayazit Yunusbayev
- Evolutionary Biology group, Estonian Biocentre, Tartu, Estonia
- Institute of Biochemistry and Genetics, Ufa Research Centre, RAS, Ufa, Bashkortostan, Russia
- * E-mail: ,
| | - Mait Metspalu
- Evolutionary Biology group, Estonian Biocentre, Tartu, Estonia
- Department of Evolutionary Biology, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, California, United States of America
| | - Ene Metspalu
- Department of Evolutionary Biology, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Albert Valeev
- Institute of Biochemistry and Genetics, Ufa Research Centre, RAS, Ufa, Bashkortostan, Russia
| | - Sergei Litvinov
- Evolutionary Biology group, Estonian Biocentre, Tartu, Estonia
- Institute of Biochemistry and Genetics, Ufa Research Centre, RAS, Ufa, Bashkortostan, Russia
| | - Ruslan Valiev
- Department of Genetics and Fundamental Medicine, Bashkir State University, Ufa, Bashkortostan, Russia
| | - Vita Akhmetova
- Institute of Biochemistry and Genetics, Ufa Research Centre, RAS, Ufa, Bashkortostan, Russia
| | | | - Oleg Balanovsky
- Research Centre for Medical Genetics, RAMS, Moscow, Russia
- Vavilov Institute for General Genetics, RAS, Moscow, Russia
| | - Shahlo Turdikulova
- Laboratory of Genomics, Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Academy of Sciences Republic of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, Uzbekistan
| | - Dilbar Dalimova
- Laboratory of Genomics, Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Academy of Sciences Republic of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, Uzbekistan
| | | | - Ardeshir Bahmanimehr
- Department of Medical Genetics, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Hovhannes Sahakyan
- Evolutionary Biology group, Estonian Biocentre, Tartu, Estonia
- Laboratory of Ethnogenomics, Institute of Molecular Biology, Academy of Sciences of Armenia, Yerevan, Armenia
| | | | - Sardana Fedorova
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, Yakut Research Center of Complex Medical Problems, Yakutsk, Sakha Republic, Russia
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, North-Eastern Federal University, Yakutsk, Sakha Republic, Russia
| | - Nikolay Barashkov
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, Yakut Research Center of Complex Medical Problems, Yakutsk, Sakha Republic, Russia
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, North-Eastern Federal University, Yakutsk, Sakha Republic, Russia
| | - Irina Khidiyatova
- Institute of Biochemistry and Genetics, Ufa Research Centre, RAS, Ufa, Bashkortostan, Russia
- Department of Genetics and Fundamental Medicine, Bashkir State University, Ufa, Bashkortostan, Russia
| | - Evelin Mihailov
- Estonian Genome Center, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
- Gene Technology Workgroup, Estonian Biocentre, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Rita Khusainova
- Institute of Biochemistry and Genetics, Ufa Research Centre, RAS, Ufa, Bashkortostan, Russia
- Department of Genetics and Fundamental Medicine, Bashkir State University, Ufa, Bashkortostan, Russia
| | - Larisa Damba
- Institute of Internal Medicine, SB RAMS, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | | | | | - Ludmila Osipova
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Mikhail Voevoda
- Institute of Internal Medicine, SB RAMS, Novosibirsk, Russia
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Levon Yepiskoposyan
- Laboratory of Ethnogenomics, Institute of Molecular Biology, Academy of Sciences of Armenia, Yerevan, Armenia
| | - Toomas Kivisild
- Division of Biological Anthropology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Elza Khusnutdinova
- Institute of Biochemistry and Genetics, Ufa Research Centre, RAS, Ufa, Bashkortostan, Russia
- Department of Genetics and Fundamental Medicine, Bashkir State University, Ufa, Bashkortostan, Russia
| | - Richard Villems
- Evolutionary Biology group, Estonian Biocentre, Tartu, Estonia
- Department of Evolutionary Biology, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
- Estonian Academy of Sciences, Tallinn, Estonia
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Litvinov SS, Khusnutdinova EK. Current state of research in ethnogenomics: Genome-wide analysis and uniparental markers. RUSS J GENET+ 2015. [DOI: 10.1134/s1022795415040080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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23
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Trofimova NV, Litvinov SS, Khusainova RI, Penkin LN, Akhmetova VL, Akhatova FS, Khusnutdinova EK. Genetic characterization of populations of the Volga-Ural region according to the variability of the Y-chromosome. RUSS J GENET+ 2015. [DOI: 10.1134/s1022795414120138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Alt KW, Knipper C, Peters D, Müller W, Maurer AF, Kollig I, Nicklisch N, Müller C, Karimnia S, Brandt G, Roth C, Rosner M, Mende B, Schöne BR, Vida T, von Freeden U. Lombards on the move--an integrative study of the migration period cemetery at Szólád, Hungary. PLoS One 2014; 9:e110793. [PMID: 25369022 PMCID: PMC4219681 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0110793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2014] [Accepted: 09/11/2014] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
In 2005 to 2007 45 skeletons of adults and subadults were excavated at the Lombard period cemetery at Szólád (6th century A.D.), Hungary. Embedded into the well-recorded historical context, the article presents the results obtained by an integrative investigation including anthropological, molecular genetic and isotopic (δ(15)N, δ(13)C, (87)Sr/(86)Sr) analyses. Skeletal stress markers as well as traces of interpersonal violence were found to occur frequently. The mitochondrial DNA profiles revealed a heterogeneous spectrum of lineages that belong to the haplogroups H, U, J, HV, T2, I, and K, which are common in present-day Europe and in the Near East, while N1a and N1b are today quite rare. Evidence of possible direct maternal kinship was identified in only three pairs of individuals. According to enamel strontium isotope ratios, at least 31% of the individuals died at a location other than their birthplace and/or had moved during childhood. Based on the peculiar 87 Sr/86 Sr ratio distribution between females, males, and subadults in comparison to local vegetation and soil samples, we propose a three-phase model of group movement. An initial patrilocal group with narrower male but wider female Sr isotope distribution settled at Szólád, whilst the majority of subadults represented in the cemetery yielded a distinct Sr isotope signature. Owing to the virtual absence of Szólád-born adults in the cemetery, we may conclude that the settlement was abandoned after approx. one generation. Population heterogeneity is furthermore supported by the carbon and nitrogen isotope data. They indicate that a group of high-ranking men had access to larger shares of animal-derived food whilst a few individuals consumed remarkable amounts of millet. The inferred dynamics of the burial community are in agreement with hypotheses of a highly mobile lifestyle during the Migration Period and a short-term occupation of Pannonia by Lombard settlers as conveyed by written sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kurt W. Alt
- Center for Natural and Cultural History of the Teeth, Danube Private University, Krems, Austria
- State Office for Heritage Management and Archaeology Saxony-Anhalt and State Museum of Prehistory, Halle, Germany
- Institute for Prehistory and Archaeological Science, Basel University, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Corina Knipper
- Curt Engelhorn Centre Archaeometry gGmbH, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Daniel Peters
- Institut für Prähistorische Archäologie, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Müller
- Department of Earth Sciences, Royal Holloway University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Isabelle Kollig
- State Office for Heritage Management and Archaeology Saxony-Anhalt and State Museum of Prehistory, Halle, Germany
| | - Nicole Nicklisch
- Center for Natural and Cultural History of the Teeth, Danube Private University, Krems, Austria
- State Office for Heritage Management and Archaeology Saxony-Anhalt and State Museum of Prehistory, Halle, Germany
- Institute for Prehistory and Archaeological Science, Basel University, Basel, Switzerland
| | | | - Sarah Karimnia
- Institute of Anthropology, University of Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Guido Brandt
- Institute of Anthropology, University of Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Christina Roth
- Institute of Anthropology, University of Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | | | - Balász Mende
- Archaeological Institute, Research Centre for Humanities, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Bernd R. Schöne
- Institute of Geosciences, University of Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Tivadar Vida
- Department of Prehistory and Protohistory, Eötvös Loránd University of Budapest, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Uta von Freeden
- German Archaeological Institute, Roman Germanic Commission, Frankfurt a. M., Germany
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Derenko M, Malyarchuk B, Denisova G, Perkova M, Litvinov A, Grzybowski T, Dambueva I, Skonieczna K, Rogalla U, Tsybovsky I, Zakharov I. Western Eurasian ancestry in modern Siberians based on mitogenomic data. BMC Evol Biol 2014; 14:217. [PMID: 25301575 PMCID: PMC4195960 DOI: 10.1186/s12862-014-0217-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2014] [Accepted: 09/29/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Although the genetic heritage of aboriginal Siberians is mostly of eastern Asian ancestry, a substantial western Eurasian component is observed in the majority of northern Asian populations. Traces of at least two migrations into southern Siberia, one from eastern Europe and the other from western Asia/the Caucasus have been detected previously in mitochondrial gene pools of modern Siberians. Results We report here 166 new complete mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) sequences that allow us to expand and re-analyze the available data sets of western Eurasian lineages found in northern Asian populations, define the phylogenetic status of Siberian-specific subclades and search for links between mtDNA haplotypes/subclades and events of human migrations. From a survey of 158 western Eurasian mtDNA genomes found in Siberia we estimate that nearly 40% of them most likely have western Asian and another 29% European ancestry. It is striking that 65 of northern Asian mitogenomes, i.e. ~41%, fall into 19 branches and subclades which can be considered as Siberian-specific being found so far only in Siberian populations. From the coalescence analysis it is evident that the sequence divergence of Siberian-specific subclades was relatively small, corresponding to only 0.6-9.5 kya (using the complete mtDNA rate) and 1–6 kya (coding region rate). Conclusions The phylogeographic analysis implies that the western Eurasian founders, giving rise to Siberian specific subclades, may trace their ancestry only to the early and mid-Holocene, though some of genetic lineages may trace their ancestry back to the end of Last Glacial Maximum (LGM). We have not found the modern northern Asians to have western Eurasian genetic components of sufficient antiquity to indicate traces of pre-LGM expansions. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12862-014-0217-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miroslava Derenko
- Institute of Biological Problems of the North, Russian Academy of Sciences, Magadan, Russia.
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Grosheva AN, Shneider YV, Zhukova OV, Morozova IY, Rychkov SY. Features of the Udmurt mitochondrial gene pool in relation to tribal structure. RUSS J GENET+ 2014. [DOI: 10.1134/s1022795414090063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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27
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Gubina MA, Babenko VN, Damba LD, Ponomareva MN, Konovalova NA, Voevoda MI. Polymorphism of mitochondrial DNA in old believers from Siberia. RUSS J GENET+ 2014. [DOI: 10.1134/s1022795414060040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Derenko M, Malyarchuk B, Bahmanimehr A, Denisova G, Perkova M, Farjadian S, Yepiskoposyan L. Complete mitochondrial DNA diversity in Iranians. PLoS One 2013; 8:e80673. [PMID: 24244704 PMCID: PMC3828245 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0080673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2013] [Accepted: 10/07/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Due to its pivotal geographical location and proximity to transcontinental migratory routes, Iran has played a key role in subsequent migrations, both prehistoric and historic, between Africa, Asia and Europe. To shed light on the genetic structure of the Iranian population as well as on the expansion patterns and population movements which affected this region, the complete mitochondrial genomes of 352 Iranians were obtained. All Iranian populations studied here exhibit similarly high diversity values comparable to the other groups from the Caucasus, Anatolia and Europe. The results of AMOVA and MDS analyses did not associate any regional and/or linguistic group of populations in the Anatolia/Caucasus and Iran region pointing to close genetic positions of Persians and Qashqais to each other and to Armenians, and Azeris from Iran to Georgians. By reconstructing the complete mtDNA phylogeny of haplogroups R2, N3, U1, U3, U5a1g, U7, H13, HV2, HV12, M5a and C5c we have found a previously unexplored genetic connection between the studied Iranian populations and the Arabian Peninsula, India, Near East and Europe, likely the result of both ancient and recent gene flow. Our results for Persians and Qashqais point to a continuous increase of the population sizes from ∼24 kya to the present, although the phase between 14-24 kya is thought to be hyperarid according to the Gulf Oasis model. Since this would have affected hunter-gatherer ranges and mobility patterns and forced them to increasingly rely on coastal resources, this transition can explain the human expansion across the Persian Gulf region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miroslava Derenko
- Institute of Biological Problems of the North, Russian Academy of Sciences, Magadan, Russia
- * E-mail:
| | - Boris Malyarchuk
- Institute of Biological Problems of the North, Russian Academy of Sciences, Magadan, Russia
| | - Ardeshir Bahmanimehr
- Institute of Molecular Biology, National Academy of Sciences of Armenia, Yerevan, Armenia
| | - Galina Denisova
- Institute of Biological Problems of the North, Russian Academy of Sciences, Magadan, Russia
| | - Maria Perkova
- Institute of Biological Problems of the North, Russian Academy of Sciences, Magadan, Russia
| | - Shirin Farjadian
- Immunology Department, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Levon Yepiskoposyan
- Institute of Molecular Biology, National Academy of Sciences of Armenia, Yerevan, Armenia
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Grosheva AN, Shneider YV, Morozova IY, Zhukova OV, Rychkov SY. Genetic diversity of Besermyans inferred from mitochondrial DNA polymorphism. RUSS J GENET+ 2013. [DOI: 10.1134/s1022795413110069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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30
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Kochetova OV, Korytina GF, Akhmadishina LZ, Viktorova TV. Polymorphism of DNA repair genes (XRCC1, XRCC3, XPC, XPD, XPA) in ethnic groups from Republic of Bashkortostan. RUSS J GENET+ 2013. [DOI: 10.1134/s102279541308005x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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31
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Gubina MA, Girgol’kau LA, Babenko VN, Damba LD, Maksimov VN, Voevoda MI. Mitochondrial DNA polymorphism in populations of aboriginal residents of the Far East. RUSS J GENET+ 2013. [DOI: 10.1134/s1022795413070065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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32
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Isaacs S, Geduld-Ullah T, Benjeddou M. Reconstruction of major maternal and paternal lineages of the Cape Muslim population. Genet Mol Biol 2013; 36:167-76. [PMID: 23885197 PMCID: PMC3715281 DOI: 10.1590/s1415-47572013005000019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2012] [Accepted: 03/12/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The earliest Cape Muslims were brought to the Cape (Cape Town - South Africa) from Africa and Asia from 1652 to 1834. They were part of an involuntary migration of slaves, political prisoners and convicts, and they contributed to the ethnic diversity of the present Cape Muslim population of South Africa. The history of the Cape Muslims has been well documented and researched however no in-depth genetic studies have been undertaken. The aim of the present study was to determine the respective African, Asian and European contributions to the mtDNA (maternal) and Y-chromosomal (paternal) gene pool of the Cape Muslim population, by analyzing DNA samples of 100 unrelated Muslim males born in the Cape Metropolitan area. A panel of six mtDNA and eight Y-chromosome SNP markers were screened using polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphisms (PCR-RFLP). Overall admixture estimates for the maternal line indicated Asian (0.4168) and African mtDNA (0.4005) as the main contributors. The admixture estimates for the paternal line, however, showed a predominance of the Asian contribution (0.7852). The findings are in accordance with historical data on the origins of the early Cape Muslims.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shafieka Isaacs
- Department of Biotechnology, University of the Western Cape, Bellville, Cape Town, South Africa
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Kushniarevich A, Sivitskaya L, Danilenko N, Novogrodskii T, Tsybovsky I, Kiseleva A, Kotova S, Chaubey G, Metspalu E, Sahakyan H, Bahmanimehr A, Reidla M, Rootsi S, Parik J, Reisberg T, Achilli A, Hooshiar Kashani B, Gandini F, Olivieri A, Behar DM, Torroni A, Davydenko O, Villems R. Uniparental genetic heritage of belarusians: encounter of rare middle eastern matrilineages with a central European mitochondrial DNA pool. PLoS One 2013; 8:e66499. [PMID: 23785503 PMCID: PMC3681942 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0066499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2013] [Accepted: 05/06/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Ethnic Belarusians make up more than 80% of the nine and half million people inhabiting the Republic of Belarus. Belarusians together with Ukrainians and Russians represent the East Slavic linguistic group, largest both in numbers and territory, inhabiting East Europe alongside Baltic-, Finno-Permic- and Turkic-speaking people. Till date, only a limited number of low resolution genetic studies have been performed on this population. Therefore, with the phylogeographic analysis of 565 Y-chromosomes and 267 mitochondrial DNAs from six well covered geographic sub-regions of Belarus we strove to complement the existing genetic profile of eastern Europeans. Our results reveal that around 80% of the paternal Belarusian gene pool is composed of R1a, I2a and N1c Y-chromosome haplogroups – a profile which is very similar to the two other eastern European populations – Ukrainians and Russians. The maternal Belarusian gene pool encompasses a full range of West Eurasian haplogroups and agrees well with the genetic structure of central-east European populations. Our data attest that latitudinal gradients characterize the variation of the uniparentally transmitted gene pools of modern Belarusians. In particular, the Y-chromosome reflects movements of people in central-east Europe, starting probably as early as the beginning of the Holocene. Furthermore, the matrilineal legacy of Belarusians retains two rare mitochondrial DNA haplogroups, N1a3 and N3, whose phylogeographies were explored in detail after de novo sequencing of 20 and 13 complete mitogenomes, respectively, from all over Eurasia. Our phylogeographic analyses reveal that two mitochondrial DNA lineages, N3 and N1a3, both of Middle Eastern origin, might mark distinct events of matrilineal gene flow to Europe: during the mid-Holocene period and around the Pleistocene-Holocene transition, respectively.
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Gubina MA, Damba LD, Babenko VN, Romaschenko AG, Voevoda MI. Haplotype diversity in mtDNA and Y-chromosome in populations of Altai-Sayan region. RUSS J GENET+ 2013. [DOI: 10.1134/s1022795412120034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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35
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Derenko M, Malyarchuk B, Denisova G, Perkova M, Rogalla U, Grzybowski T, Khusnutdinova E, Dambueva I, Zakharov I. Complete mitochondrial DNA analysis of eastern Eurasian haplogroups rarely found in populations of northern Asia and eastern Europe. PLoS One 2012; 7:e32179. [PMID: 22363811 PMCID: PMC3283723 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0032179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2011] [Accepted: 01/22/2012] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
With the aim of uncovering all of the most basal variation in the northern Asian mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) haplogroups, we have analyzed mtDNA control region and coding region sequence variation in 98 Altaian Kazakhs from southern Siberia and 149 Barghuts from Inner Mongolia, China. Both populations exhibit the prevalence of eastern Eurasian lineages accounting for 91.9% in Barghuts and 60.2% in Altaian Kazakhs. The strong affinity of Altaian Kazakhs and populations of northern and central Asia has been revealed, reflecting both influences of central Asian inhabitants and essential genetic interaction with the Altai region indigenous populations. Statistical analyses data demonstrate a close positioning of all Mongolic-speaking populations (Mongolians, Buryats, Khamnigans, Kalmyks as well as Barghuts studied here) and Turkic-speaking Sojots, thus suggesting their origin from a common maternal ancestral gene pool. In order to achieve a thorough coverage of DNA lineages revealed in the northern Asian matrilineal gene pool, we have completely sequenced the mtDNA of 55 samples representing haplogroups R11b, B4, B5, F2, M9, M10, M11, M13, N9a and R9c1, which were pinpointed from a massive collection (over 5000 individuals) of northern and eastern Asian, as well as European control region mtDNA sequences. Applying the newly updated mtDNA tree to the previously reported northern Asian and eastern Asian mtDNA data sets has resolved the status of the poorly classified mtDNA types and allowed us to obtain the coalescence age estimates of the nodes of interest using different calibrated rates. Our findings confirm our previous conclusion that northern Asian maternal gene pool consists of predominantly post-LGM components of eastern Asian ancestry, though some genetic lineages may have a pre-LGM/LGM origin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miroslava Derenko
- Institute of Biological Problems of the North, Russian Academy of Sciences, Magadan, Russia.
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36
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Morozova I, Evsyukov A, Kon'kov A, Grosheva A, Zhukova O, Rychkov S. Russian ethnic history inferred from mitochondrial DNA diversity. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY 2011; 147:341-51. [PMID: 22183855 DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.21649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2011] [Accepted: 11/01/2011] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
With the aim of gaining insight into the genetic history of the Russians, we have studied mitochondrial DNA diversity among a number of modern Russian populations. Polymorphisms in mtDNA markers (HVS-I and restriction sites of the coding region) of populations from 14 regions within present-day European Russia were investigated. Based on analysis of the mitochondrial gene pool geographic structure, we have identified three different elements in it and a vast "intermediate" zone between them. The analysis of the genetic distances from these elements to the European ethnic groups revealed the main causes of the Russian mitochondrial gene pool differentiation. The investigation of this pattern in historic perspective showed that the structure of the mitochondrial gene pool of the present-day Russians largely conforms to the tribal structure of the medieval Slavs who laid the foundation of modern Russians. Our results indicate that the formation of the genetic diversity currently observed among Russians can be traced to the second half of the first millennium A.D., the time of the colonization of the East European Plain by the Slavic tribes. Patterns of diversity are explained by both the impact of the native population of the East European Plain and by genetic differences among the early Slavs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina Morozova
- Human Genetics Laboratory, Vavilov Institute of General Genetics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 119991, Russia.
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Balanovsky OP, Koshel SM, Zaporozhchenko VV, Pshenichnov AS, Frolova SA, Kuznetsova MA, Baranova EE, Teuchezh IE, Kuznetsova AA, Romashkina MV, Utevska OM, Churnosov ML, Villems R, Balanovska EV. Genetic ecological monitoring in human populations: Heterozygosity, mtDNA haplotype variation, and genetic load. RUSS J GENET+ 2011. [DOI: 10.1134/s1022795411110056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Salihović MP, Barešić A, Klarić IM, Cukrov S, Lauc LB, Janićijević B. The role of the Vlax Roma in shaping the European Romani maternal genetic history. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY 2011; 146:262-70. [DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.21566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2011] [Accepted: 05/09/2011] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Evsyukov AN, Morozova IY. Calculation of interpopulation genetic distances at different sample sizes. RUSS J GENET+ 2011. [DOI: 10.1134/s1022795411070064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Naumova OY, Rychkov SY, Morozova IY, Hayat SS, Semikov AV, Zhukova OV. Mitochondrial DNA diversity in Siberian Tatars of the Tobol-Irtysh basin. RUSS J GENET+ 2011. [DOI: 10.1134/s1022795408020154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Denisova GA, Malyarchuk BA, Derenko MV, Kravtsova OA. Population structure of Volga Tatars inferred from the mitochondrial DNA diversity data. RUSS J GENET+ 2011. [DOI: 10.1134/s1022795411020086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Nagy D, Tömöry G, Csányi B, Bogácsi-Szabó E, Czibula Á, Priskin K, Bede O, Bartosiewicz L, Downes CS, Raskó I. Comparison of lactase persistence polymorphism in ancient and present-day Hungarian populations. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY 2011; 145:262-9. [PMID: 21365615 DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.21490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2010] [Accepted: 12/13/2010] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The prevalence of adult-type hypolactasia varies ethnically and geographically among populations. A C/T-13910 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) upstream of the lactase gene is known to be associated with lactase non-persistence in Europeans. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of lactase persistent and non-persistent genotypes in current Hungarian-speaking populations and in ancient bone samples of classical conquerors and commoners from the 10th-11th centuries from the Carpathian basin; 181 present-day Hungarian, 65 present-day Sekler, and 23 ancient samples were successfully genotyped for the C/T-13910 SNP by the dCAPS PCR-RFLP method. Additional mitochondrial DNA testing was also carried out. In ancient Hungarians, the T-13910 allele was present only in 11% of the population, and exclusively in commoners of European mitochondrial haplogroups who may have been of pre-Hungarian indigenous ancestry. This is despite animal domestication and dairy products having been introduced into the Carpathian basin early in the Neolithic Age. This anomaly may be explained by the Hungarian use of fermented milk products, their greater consumption of ruminant meat than milk, cultural differences, or by their having other lactase-regulating genetic polymorphisms than C/T-13910. The low prevalence of lactase persistence provides additional information on the Asian origin of Hungarians. Present-day Hungarians have been assimilated with the surrounding European populations, since they do not differ significantly from the neighboring populations in their possession of mtDNA and C/T-13910 variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dóra Nagy
- Institute of Genetics, Biological Research Centre of Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Szeged H-6726, Hungary.
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Malyarchuk BA, Perkova MA, Derenko MV. On the origin of Mongoloid component in the mitochondrial gene pool of Slavs. RUSS J GENET+ 2011. [DOI: 10.1134/s1022795408030162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Kim K, Brenner CH, Mair VH, Lee KH, Kim JH, Gelegdorj E, Batbold N, Song YC, Yun HW, Chang EJ, Lkhagvasuren G, Bazarragchaa M, Park AJ, Lim I, Hong YP, Kim W, Chung SI, Kim DJ, Chung YH, Kim SS, Lee WB, Kim KY. A western Eurasian male is found in 2000-year-old elite Xiongnu cemetery in Northeast Mongolia. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY 2010; 142:429-40. [PMID: 20091844 DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.21242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
We analyzed mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA), Y-chromosome single nucleotide polymorphisms (Y-SNP), and autosomal short tandem repeats (STR) of three skeletons found in a 2,000-year-old Xiongnu elite cemetery in Duurlig Nars of Northeast Mongolia. This study is one of the first reports of the detailed genetic analysis of ancient human remains using the three types of genetic markers. The DNA analyses revealed that one subject was an ancient male skeleton with maternal U2e1 and paternal R1a1 haplogroups. This is the first genetic evidence that a male of distinctive Indo-European lineages (R1a1) was present in the Xiongnu of Mongolia. This might indicate an Indo-European migration into Northeast Asia 2,000 years ago. Other specimens are a female with mtDNA haplogroup D4 and a male with Y-SNP haplogroup C3 and mtDNA haplogroup D4. Those haplogroups are common in Northeast Asia. There was no close kinship among them. The genetic evidence of U2e1 and R1a1 may help to clarify the migration patterns of Indo-Europeans and ancient East-West contacts of the Xiongnu Empire. Artifacts in the tombs suggested that the Xiongnu had a system of the social stratification. The West Eurasian male might show the racial tolerance of the Xiongnu Empire and some insight into the Xiongnu society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kijeong Kim
- Institute for Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, South Korea, Republic of Korea
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Kong QP, Sun C, Wang HW, Zhao M, Wang WZ, Zhong L, Hao XD, Pan H, Wang SY, Cheng YT, Zhu CL, Wu SF, Liu LN, Jin JQ, Yao YG, Zhang YP. Large-scale mtDNA screening reveals a surprising matrilineal complexity in east Asia and its implications to the peopling of the region. Mol Biol Evol 2010; 28:513-22. [PMID: 20713468 DOI: 10.1093/molbev/msq219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
In order to achieve a thorough coverage of the basal lineages in the Chinese matrilineal pool, we have sequenced the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) control region and partial coding region segments of 6,093 mtDNAs sampled from 84 populations across China. By comparing with the available complete mtDNA sequences, 194 of those mtDNAs could not be firmly assigned into the available haplogroups. Completely sequencing 51 representatives selected from these unclassified mtDNAs identified a number of novel lineages, including five novel basal haplogroups that directly emanate from the Eurasian founder nodes (M and N). No matrilineal contribution from the archaic hominid was observed. Subsequent analyses suggested that these newly identified basal lineages likely represent the genetic relics of modern humans initially peopling East Asia instead of being the results of gene flow from the neighboring regions. The observation that most of the newly recognized mtDNA lineages have already differentiated and show the highest genetic diversity in southern China provided additional evidence in support of the Southern Route peopling hypothesis of East Asians. Specifically, the enrichment of most of the basal lineages in southern China and their rather ancient ages in Late Pleistocene further suggested that this region was likely the genetic reservoir of modern humans after they entered East Asia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing-Peng Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China.
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Abstract
A new timescale has recently been established for human mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) lineages, making mtDNA at present the most informative genetic marker system for studying European prehistory. Here, we review the new chronology and compare mtDNA with Y-chromosome patterns, in order to summarize what we have learnt from archaeogenetics concerning five episodes over the past 50,000 years which significantly contributed to the settlement history of Europe: the pioneer colonisation of the Upper Palaeolithic, the Late Glacial re-colonisation of the continent from southern refugia after the Last Glacial Maximum, the postglacial re-colonization of deserted areas after the Younger Dryas cold snap, the arrival of Near Easterners with an incipient Neolithic package, and the small-scale migrations along continent-wide economic exchange networks beginning with the Copper Age. The available data from uniparental genetic systems have already transformed our view of the prehistory of Europe, but our knowledge of these processes remains limited. Nevertheless, their legacy remains as sedimentary layers in the gene pool of modern Europeans, and our understanding of them will improve substantially when more mtDNAs are completely sequenced, the Y chromosome more thoroughly analysed, and haplotype blocks of the autosomal genome become amenable to phylogeographic studies.
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Flegontova OV, Khrunin AV, Lylova OI, Tarskaia LA, Spitsyn VA, Mikulich AI, Limborska SA. Haplotype frequencies at the DRD2 locus in populations of the East European Plain. BMC Genet 2009; 10:62. [PMID: 19793394 PMCID: PMC2765450 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2156-10-62] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2009] [Accepted: 09/30/2009] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background It was demonstrated previously that the three-locus RFLP haplotype, TaqI B-TaqI D-TaqI A (B-D-A), at the DRD2 locus constitutes a powerful genetic marker and probably reflects the most ancient dispersal of anatomically modern humans. Results We investigated TaqI B, BclI, MboI, TaqI D, and TaqI A RFLPs in 17 contemporary populations of the East European Plain and Siberia. Most of these populations belong to the Indo-European or Uralic language families. We identified three common haplotypes, which occurred in more than 90% of chromosomes investigated. The frequencies of the haplotypes differed according to linguistic and geographical affiliation. Conclusion Populations in the northwestern (Byelorussians from Mjadel'), northern (Russians from Mezen' and Oshevensk), and eastern (Russians from Puchezh) parts of the East European Plain had relatively high frequencies of haplotype B2-D2-A2, which may reflect admixture with Uralic-speaking populations that inhabited all of these regions in the Early Middle Ages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga V Flegontova
- Department of Human Molecular Genetics, Institute of Molecular Genetics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia.
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Noskova T, Pivac N, Nedic G, Kazantseva A, Gaysina D, Faskhutdinova G, Gareeva A, Khalilova Z, Khusnutdinova E, Kovacic DK, Kovacic Z, Jokic M, Seler DM. Ethnic differences in the serotonin transporter polymorphism (5-HTTLPR) in several European populations. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2008; 32:1735-9. [PMID: 18700161 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2008.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2008] [Revised: 07/09/2008] [Accepted: 07/16/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
The serotonin transporter (5-HTT) is a protein that has a major role in divergent psychiatric disorders, personality traits and behaviors, by regulating serotonergic synaptic function. Transcriptional activity of the 5-HTT gene (5-HTT or SLC6A4) is modulated by a polymorphic repetitive element (5-HTT gene-linked polymorphic region, 5-HTTLPR), which consists of a 44-base pairs insertion-deletion in the promoter region, creating a short (S) allele and a long (L) allele. Ethnic differences in the allele frequencies of the 5-HTTLPR exist between Caucasian and Asian populations. This study investigated ethnic differences in 5-HTTLPR in 1804 healthy Caucasian subjects from several European populations living in Croatia and the Russian Federation. The genotype and allele frequency of the 5-HTTLPR differed significantly (P<0.001) between male and female Croats, Russians, Tatars and Bashkirs, due to the lower frequency of the S allele (38% and 37%) and S/S genotype (14% and 15%) in Croat men and women compared to other studied groups. When male and female data were collapsed, Russians had marginally different allele and genotype distribution compared to Bashkirs and Tatars. Bashkirs and Tatars had similar allele and genotype frequency. The higher frequency of the S/S genotype was found in Tatars and Bashkirs compared to Croats and Russians. Gender related differences occurred only in the allele distribution within Bashkir population. These ethnic differences might be responsible for the inconsistent findings in the studies of the association between various psychiatric disorders, personality traits, behaviors and 5-HTTLPR across different ethnicities, and should be controlled to enable the generalization of results across various population groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatyana Noskova
- Institute of Biochemistry and Genetics, Ufa Scientific Centre, RAS, 71 Octyabrya Avenue, Ufa, 450054, Russia
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Fedorova SA, Stepanov AD, Adojaan M, Parik J, Argunov VA, Ozawa T, Khusnutdinova EK, Villems R. Phylogenetic analysis of ancient mitochondrial DNA lineages of human remains found in Yakutia. Mol Biol 2008. [DOI: 10.1134/s0026893308030060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Reconstructing the phylogeny of African mitochondrial DNA lineages in Slavs. Eur J Hum Genet 2008; 16:1091-6. [PMID: 18398433 DOI: 10.1038/ejhg.2008.70] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
To elucidate the origin of African-specific mtDNA lineages, revealed previously in Slavonic populations (at frequency of about 0.4%), we completely sequenced eight African genomes belonging to haplogroups L1b, L2a, L3b, L3d and M1 gathered from Russians, Czechs, Slovaks and Poles. Results of phylogeographic analysis suggest that at least part of the African mtDNA lineages found in Slavs (such as L1b, L3b1, L3d) appears to be of West African origin, testifying to an opportunity of their occurrence as a result of migrations to Eastern Europe through Iberia. However, a prehistoric introgression of African mtDNA lineages into Eastern Europe (approximately 10 000 years ago) seems to be probable only for European-specific subclade L2a1a, defined by coding region mutations at positions 6722 and 12903 and detected in Czechs and Slovaks. Further studies of the nature of African admixture in gene pools of Europeans require the essential enlargement of databases of African complete mitochondrial genomes.
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