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Silva ASJ, Kristiansen SM, Sengupta S, van Gestel CAM, Leinaas HP, Borgå K. Using dietary exposure to determine sub-lethal effects from imidacloprid in two springtail (Collembola) species. ECOTOXICOLOGY (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2023; 32:1209-1220. [PMID: 37989986 PMCID: PMC10724306 DOI: 10.1007/s10646-023-02715-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/23/2023]
Abstract
Standard toxicity tests expose springtails (Collembola) through soil, while dietary exposure tests with animals visible on a surface are less commonly applied. We refined a method for dietary chemical exposure for two widely distributed and abundant Collembola species: Folsomia quadrioculata and Hypogastrura viatica as existing methods were sub-optimal. Newly hatched Collembola were offered bark with a natural layer of Cyanobacteria that was either moistened with a solution of the neonicotinoid insecticide imidacloprid using a micropipette or soaked in the solution overnight. The first method was superior in producing a measured concentration close to the nominal (0.21 and 0.13 mg/kg dry bark, respectively), and resulting in sub-lethal effects as expected. The adult body size was reduced by 8% for both species, but egg production only in H. viatica. Contrastingly, soaked bark resulted in a measured concentration of 8 mg/kg dry bark, causing high mortality and no egg production in either species. Next, we identified the sub-lethal concentration-range by moistening the bark to expose H. viatica to 0, 0.01, 0.04, 0.13, 0.43 and 1.2 mg imidacloprid/kg dry bark. Only the highest concentration affected survival, causing a mortality of 77%. Imidacloprid reduced moulting rate and the body size at first reproduction. The age at first reproduction appeared delayed as some replicates did not reproduce within the experiment duration. The method of moistened bark for dietary exposure proved optimal to continuously study life history traits, such as growth and reproductive outcomes, which are important to understand effects on key events crucial for population viability and growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreia Sofia Jorge Silva
- Section for Aquatic Biology and Toxicology, Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Animal Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Silje Marie Kristiansen
- Section for Aquatic Biology and Toxicology, Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Sagnik Sengupta
- Section for Aquatic Biology and Toxicology, Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Cornelis A M van Gestel
- Amsterdam Institute for Life and Environment (A-LIFE), Faculty of Science, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Hans Petter Leinaas
- Section for Aquatic Biology and Toxicology, Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Katrine Borgå
- Section for Aquatic Biology and Toxicology, Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
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Taskaeva AA. Collembola Communities (Hexapoda, Collembola) of Coniferous Forests in the Zone of Influence of Pulp and Paper Industry. CONTEMP PROBL ECOL+ 2021. [DOI: 10.1134/s1995425521060111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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3
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Mendes LA, Avellan A, Cruz NC, Palito C, Römkens PFAM, Amorim MJB, Tarelho LAC, Rodrigues SM. Biomass ash formulations as sustainable improvers for mining soil health recovery: Linking soil properties and ecotoxicity. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 291:118165. [PMID: 34536642 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.118165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2021] [Revised: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/10/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
There is a growing need to recover degraded soils to restore their essential ecosystem services and limit damages of anthropic activities onto these systems. Safe and sustainable solutions for long-term recovery must be designed, ideally by recycling existing resources. Using ash from combustion of residual forest biomass at the pulp and paper industry is an interesting and sustainable strategy to recover mining soils. However, formulations must be found to limit the potential toxicity associated with soluble salts and chloride that ash contains. Here, we assessed the effectiveness of three field ash-based amendments for the recovery of three highly acidic soils from Portuguese abandoned mines. Three amendments were tested: an un-stabilized mixture of ash and biological sludge, granulated ash, and granulated ash mixed with composted sludge. One year after application in open field plots (in the scope of LIFE No_Waste project), soil health restoration was evaluated through (i) soil physico-chemical characterization and (ii) soil habitat functions though standardized ecotoxicological tests. This study highlights that stabilized materials provided nutrients, organic matter and alkalinity that corrected soil pH and decreased metal bioavailability, while controlling the release of soluble salts and chloride from ash. This soil improvement correlated with improved soil model organisms' reproduction and survival. For similar amendment, the native soil properties studied (as soil native electrical conductivity) affected the level of organism response. This work provides evidence that ash stabilization, formulation and supplementation with organic matter could be sustainable strategies to restore highly degraded mining soils and to recover their ecological functions. It further highlights the importance of analyzing combined effects on soil physico-chemical properties and ecological function recovery to assess restoration strategy efficiencies in complex multi-stressor environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luís A Mendes
- University of Aveiro, CESAM and Department of Chemistry, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Astrid Avellan
- University of Aveiro, CESAM and Department of Chemistry, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Nuno C Cruz
- University of Aveiro, CESAM and Department of Chemistry, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Cátia Palito
- University of Aveiro, CESAM and Department of Chemistry, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Paul F A M Römkens
- Wageningen Environmental Research, Wageningen University and Research, PO Box 47, 6700, AA Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Mónica J B Amorim
- University of Aveiro, CESAM and Department of Biology, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Luís A C Tarelho
- University of Aveiro, CESAM and Department of Environment and Planning, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Sónia M Rodrigues
- University of Aveiro, CESAM and Department of Environment and Planning, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal.
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Renaud M, El Morabet H, Reis F, da Silva PM, Siciliano SD, Sousa JP, Natal-da-Luz T. Are structural and functional endpoints of soil communities similarly affected by metal mixtures? - A terrestrial model ecosystem approach. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 795:148909. [PMID: 34328934 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.148909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Revised: 06/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Soils are habitat to a variety of flora and fauna in a linked ecosystem which provides essential ecosystem services. In soil, metals can accumulate at high concentrations, because of anthropogenic activities, leading to toxic effects, threatening the ecosystem and the services it provides. In most real-world contamination scenarios, metals occur as complex mixtures which can interact and produce different toxicity than predicted from individual metal data. Current regulatory guidelines are based on single species responses to individual metals and ignore indirect effects inherent to the inter-linked nature of ecosystems. Also, the evaluation of anthropogenic impacts to the soil communities is usually measured through structural endpoints (e.g. abundance) disregarding functional measurements (e.g. organic matter decomposition rates), which are often seen as tightly related, and thus, similarly affected. In this study we tested three mixture ratios of five metal oxides (lead, copper, nickel, zinc, cobalt) at three dose levels (Low, Med, High) in a terrestrial model ecosystem experiment and measured structural and functional endpoints. Exposure to metal mixtures for 16 weeks did not affect the microarthropod community, but produced severe effects on soil microbial activity (PNR and DHA) reducing activity below 50% compared to control levels, in all dosed treatments. Metal contamination also significantly affected feeding activity and organic matter decomposition, but effects were not as pronounced as on microbial activity. Data suggest that, in the risk assessment of metals and their mixtures, effects on ecosystem structure and functions must be considered to provide adequate environmental protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathieu Renaud
- University of Coimbra, Centre for Functional Ecology, Department of Life Sciences, Calçada Martim de Freitas, 3000-456 Coimbra, Portugal.
| | - Hamza El Morabet
- University of Vigo, Department of Ecology and Animal Biology, Vigo, Spain
| | - Filipa Reis
- University of Coimbra, Centre for Functional Ecology, Department of Life Sciences, Calçada Martim de Freitas, 3000-456 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Pedro Martins da Silva
- University of Coimbra, Centre for Functional Ecology, Department of Life Sciences, Calçada Martim de Freitas, 3000-456 Coimbra, Portugal
| | | | - José Paulo Sousa
- University of Coimbra, Centre for Functional Ecology, Department of Life Sciences, Calçada Martim de Freitas, 3000-456 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Tiago Natal-da-Luz
- University of Coimbra, Centre for Functional Ecology, Department of Life Sciences, Calçada Martim de Freitas, 3000-456 Coimbra, Portugal
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Donald J, Murienne J, Chave J, Iribar A, Louisanna E, Manzi S, Roy M, Tao S, Orivel J, Schimann H, Zinger L. Multi-taxa environmental DNA inventories reveal distinct taxonomic and functional diversity in urban tropical forest fragments. Glob Ecol Conserv 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gecco.2021.e01724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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Soil Arthropods in the Douro Demarcated Region Vineyards: General Characteristics and Ecosystem Services Provided. SUSTAINABILITY 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/su13147837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Viticulture is one of the oldest and most profitable forms of agriculture; it is also one of the most intensive farming systems. As intensive cultivation threatens the environment, there is increasing interest in the concept of sustainability within the wine industry, as well as new business opportunities, as customers begin to pay more attention to environmental and sustainability issues. Recognizing the key role of soil quality in environmentally and economically sustainable viticulture makes it essential to understand better soil arthropod communities, given their crucial functions in maintaining soil quality and health. The ‘Douro Demarcated Region’ (DDR) in northern Portugal offers good potential, in regards to biodiversity, due to its significant areas of non-crop habitats. This work aims to compile information on soil arthropod communities (both soil surface and soil-living) collected in the DDR vineyard agroecosystems. A description of the ecosystem services provided by them, as a basis for the development and implementation of sustainable viticulture systems, is also an objective of this work. An important set of soil arthropods necessary for the delivery of vital ecosystem services for viticulture, with particular reference to supporting and regulating services, occurred in this ecosystem. Eight classes were chiefly represented in a sample of about 167,000 arthropod specimens: Arachnida, Chilopoda, Diplopoda, Entognatha, Insecta, Malacostraca, Pauropoda, and Symphyla. The most representative were Entognatha and Insecta in soil-surface arthropods, and Arachnida and Entognatha in soil-living arthropods. The presence of recognized groups as bioindicators in agroecosystems, such as soil quality indicators, is also revealed. This knowledge is expected to contribute to a more efficient and sustainable management of the viticultural ecosystem.
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Renaud M, da Silva PM, Natal-da-Luz T, Siciliano SD, Sousa JP. Community effect concentrations as a new concept to easily incorporate community data in environmental effect assessment of complex metal mixtures. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 411:125088. [PMID: 33453664 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.125088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Revised: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The goal of this study was to incorporate community data into the effect assessment of environmental and regulatory relevant metal mixtures. In this experiment three fixed mixture ratios (Canadian soil quality guideline ratio - CSQG; Agricultural, residential and Loamy ratio - ARL; and Sudbury ratio - SUD) were tested in a natural community microcosm with 11 doses for each mixture ratio. The effect of metal mixtures on the community was measured using the community effect concentration (EC) concept which assumes that as contamination increases, the community similarity between test and control treatments decreases producing a dose response curve allowing the calculation of community effect concentrations. In regulatory mixture ratios (CSQG and ARL) community EC10s were four times higher than regulatory thresholds and current regulation might be overprotective of the microarthropod communities in some soils. For the contaminated site ratio (SUD), the field dose in the contaminated site corresponded to a community EC20 and if metal concentrations were reduced by 1TU, (from 3.1TU to 2.1TU) effects would be below a community EC10. Overall, the community EC concept was successfully applied and has the potential for inclusion in risk assessment schemes as a measure of community response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathieu Renaud
- University of Coimbra, Centre for Functional Ecology, Department of Life Sciences, Calçada Martim de Freitas, 3000-456 Coimbra, Portugal.
| | - Pedro Martins da Silva
- University of Coimbra, Centre for Functional Ecology, Department of Life Sciences, Calçada Martim de Freitas, 3000-456 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Tiago Natal-da-Luz
- University of Coimbra, Centre for Functional Ecology, Department of Life Sciences, Calçada Martim de Freitas, 3000-456 Coimbra, Portugal
| | | | - José Paulo Sousa
- University of Coimbra, Centre for Functional Ecology, Department of Life Sciences, Calçada Martim de Freitas, 3000-456 Coimbra, Portugal
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Wang BF, Wu FC, Yin JQ, Jiang ZL, Song XY, Reddy GVP. Use of Taxonomic and Trait-Based Approaches to Evaluate the Effect of Bt maize Expressing Cry1Ie Protein on Non-Target Collembola: A Case Study in Northeast China. INSECTS 2021; 12:insects12020088. [PMID: 33494149 PMCID: PMC7909786 DOI: 10.3390/insects12020088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Revised: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary Bt crops have been planted globally since the first commercial Bt maize was cultivated in the United States in 1996. Bt protein from Bt crops can be released to the soil and may potentially affect the non-target soil fauna. Collembola are one of the three most ubiquitous and abundant soil fauna, they have been widely used as indicators of environmental pollution, IE09S034 is a new cry1Ie maize breed independently developed by China, and Northeast China is the most important location for maize production in China. Therefore, this study aimed to clarify whether non-target soil Collembola were influenced by the cultivation of cry1Ie maize in Northeast China. Our results showed that maize variety had no significant effects on collembolan abundance, diversity, and morphological trait, indicating that two years cultivation of cry1Ie maize does not have a bad influence on Collembola in Northeast China. Abstract To evaluate the effect of Bt maize expressing Cry1Ie protein on non-target soil Collembola, a two-year field study was conducted in Northeast China. Bt maize line IE09S034 and its near isoline Zong 31 were selected as experimental crops; we investigated the collembolan community using both taxonomic and trait-based approaches, and elucidated the relationship between environmental variables and the collembolan community using redundancy analysis (RDA).The ANOVA results showed that maize variety neither had significant effect on the parameters based on taxonomic approach (abundance, species richness, Shannon–Wiener index, Pielou’s evenness index), nor on the parameters based on trait-based approach (ocelli number, body length, pigmentation level, and furcula development) in either year. The results of RDA also showed that maize variety did not affect collembolan community significantly. These results suggest that two years cultivation of cry1Ie maize does not affect collembolan community in Northeast China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bai-Feng Wang
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Biotechnology, Agro-Biotechnology Research Institute, Jilin Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Changchun 130033, China; (B.-F.W.); (F.-C.W.); (J.-Q.Y.); (Z.-L.J.)
| | - Feng-Ci Wu
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Biotechnology, Agro-Biotechnology Research Institute, Jilin Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Changchun 130033, China; (B.-F.W.); (F.-C.W.); (J.-Q.Y.); (Z.-L.J.)
| | - Jun-Qi Yin
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Biotechnology, Agro-Biotechnology Research Institute, Jilin Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Changchun 130033, China; (B.-F.W.); (F.-C.W.); (J.-Q.Y.); (Z.-L.J.)
| | - Zhi-Lei Jiang
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Biotechnology, Agro-Biotechnology Research Institute, Jilin Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Changchun 130033, China; (B.-F.W.); (F.-C.W.); (J.-Q.Y.); (Z.-L.J.)
| | - Xin-Yuan Song
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Biotechnology, Agro-Biotechnology Research Institute, Jilin Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Changchun 130033, China; (B.-F.W.); (F.-C.W.); (J.-Q.Y.); (Z.-L.J.)
- Correspondence: or
| | - Gadi V. P. Reddy
- USDA-ARS-Southern Insect Management Research Unit,141 Experiment Station Rd., P.O. Box, 346 Stoneville, MS 38776, USA;
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Yu S, Qiu J, Chen X, Luo X, Yang X, Wang F, Xu G. Soil Mesofauna Community Changes in Response to the Environmental Gradients of Urbanization in Guangzhou City. Front Ecol Evol 2021. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2020.546433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
There has been a recent increase in interest on how urbanization affects soil fauna communities. However, previous studies primarily focused on some limited land use types or line transects of urban-rural gradients. At family and higher taxonomic levels, we investigated the changes of soil mesofauna communities (abundance, species richness, and community structure) with urbanization intensity along different disturbance features in 47 sites evenly located in downtown Guangzhou and adjacent regions. The 47 research sites were classified into four ecosystem types mainly according to the location (rural/urban), vegetation cover, and management intensity. In turn, the four types with increasing urbanization intensity were rural forest, urban forest, urban woodland, and urban park. Firstly, the role of urban soil property (soil physicochemical characteristic and soil heavy metal content) in regulating soil mesofauna community was investigated. The results showed that soil mesofauna abundance and diversity decreased with increasing soil pH, total nitrogen content (TN), and heavy metal comprehensive index (CPI). Soil Pb decreased soil mesofauna species richness (taxa number) and regulated soil mesofauna community structure. Secondly, we examined the effects of landscape changes on the soil mesofauna community. We found impervious surface (IS) ratio did not predict changes in soil mesofauna abundance, species richness, or community structure. Instead, IS ratio was positively correlated with soil pH, soil TN, and CPI. After excluding sites that belonged to rural forests and urban parks, site area was positively correlated with soil mesofauna abundance. Thirdly, our results revealed significant differences in soil property, landscape trait, and soil mesofauna community among the four ecosystem types. Interestingly, urban forest, the one lightly disturbed by urbanization, but not rural forest, had the highest soil mesofauna abundance. Soil mesofauna abundance in urban woodlands was similar to that in urban parks, which was about half of that in urban forests. Species richness in urban parks was 21% lower than that in rural forests. Our results also showed that urban woodland and urban parks had distinct mesofauna community structures compared to those in rural forests and urban forests. In conclusion, the present study suggested that (1) soil property changes due to urbanization, such as increased pH and heavy metal enrichment in urban soil, decreased soil mesofauna abundance and species richness, changed community structure, and mediated the effect of landscape change on soil mesofauna community; (2) however, soil and landscape changes could not explain the increase of abundance in urban forests, which supported the intermediate disturbance hypothesis.
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de Lima E Silva C, van Haren C, Mainardi G, de Rooij W, Ligtelijn M, van Straalen NM, van Gestel CAM. Bringing ecology into toxicology: Life-cycle toxicity of two neonicotinoids to four different species of springtails in LUFA 2.2 natural soil. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 263:128245. [PMID: 33297192 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.128245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Revised: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Collembolans comprise one of the most abundant groups of soil invertebrates within the arthropods. The parthenogenetic species Folsomia candida (Willem, 1902) is the most well-studied representative, being used since the beginning of the 1960s as a model organism for assessing toxicity of chemicals in soil. In this paper we aimed at answering three questions by exposing four different species of springtails (F. candida, Folsomia fimetaria, Sinella curviseta and Heteromurus nitidus) to the neonicotinoids imidacloprid and thiacloprid: i) How representative as a model organism is F. candida for species of springtails that reproduce sexually? (ii) How suitable are other species of springtails to be used as model organisms for ecotoxicological testing? (iii) Is it possible to use the life history of these species to extrapolate the impact of neonicotinoids on the population level? Our results showed that F. candida is a good model organism, despite being the most sensitive species tested, when analysing both endpoints - survival and reproduction. The tests performed with S. curviseta and H. nitidus showed that they could be used as surrogates in ecotoxicity tests, and also to predict how their population might be affected after being exposed to chemicals. The adjustments made to the test performed with F. candida: introducing adults (20-22 days old) into the test jars and exposing them for 21 days instead of 28 days, proved to be as efficient as the standardized test guideline (OECD 232, 2009).
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Affiliation(s)
- Cláudia de Lima E Silva
- Department of Ecological Science, Faculty of Science, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1085, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
| | - Claire van Haren
- Department of Ecological Science, Faculty of Science, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1085, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Giulia Mainardi
- Department of Ecological Science, Faculty of Science, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1085, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Winona de Rooij
- Department of Ecological Science, Faculty of Science, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1085, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Michella Ligtelijn
- Department of Ecological Science, Faculty of Science, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1085, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Nico M van Straalen
- Department of Ecological Science, Faculty of Science, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1085, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Cornelis A M van Gestel
- Department of Ecological Science, Faculty of Science, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1085, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
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11
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Vacant lot soil degradation and mowing frequency shape communities of belowground invertebrates and urban spontaneous vegetation. Urban Ecosyst 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s11252-020-01069-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Kristiansen SM, Leinaas HP, Herzke D, Hylland K, Gabrielsen GW, Harju M, Borgå K. Seabird-Transported Contaminants Are Reflected in the Arctic Tundra, But Not in Its Soil-Dwelling Springtails (Collembola). ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2019; 53:12835-12845. [PMID: 31589028 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.9b05316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Arctic-breeding seabirds contain high levels of many anthropogenic contaminants, which they deposit through guano to the tundra near their colonies. Nutrient-rich soil in vicinity to seabird colonies are favorable habitats for soil invertebrates, such as springtails (Collembola), which may result in exposure to seabird-derived contaminants. We quantified a wide range of lipid-soluble and protein-associated environmental contaminants in two springtail species (Megaphorura arctica and Hypogastrura viatica) and their respective habitats (soil/moss) collected underneath seabird cliffs. Although springtails are commonly used in laboratory toxicity tests, this is the first study to measure concentrations of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) and mercury (Hg) in springtails from the field, and to study biotransportation of contaminants by seabirds to soil fauna. We categorized the sites a priori as of low, medium, or high seabird influence, based on the seabird abundance and species composition. This ranking was reflected in increasing δ15N values in soil/moss and springtails with increasing seabird influence. We found clear indications of seabirds impacting the terrestrial soil environments with organic contaminants, and that concentrations were higher in soil and moss close to the bird cliff, compared to farther away. However, we did not find a relationship between contaminant concentration in springtails and the concentrations in soil/moss, or with level of seabird influence. Our study indicates a low uptake of contaminants in the soil fauna, despite seabird-derived contamination of their habitat.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hans P Leinaas
- Department of Biosciences , University of Oslo (UiO) , 0316 Oslo , Norway
| | - Dorte Herzke
- Norwegian Institute for Air Research (NILU) , Fram Centre , 9296 Tromsø , Norway
| | - Ketil Hylland
- Department of Biosciences , University of Oslo (UiO) , 0316 Oslo , Norway
| | - Geir W Gabrielsen
- Norwegian Polar Institute (NPI) , Fram Centre , 9296 Tromsø , Norway
| | - Mikael Harju
- Norwegian Institute for Air Research (NILU) , Fram Centre , 9296 Tromsø , Norway
| | - Katrine Borgå
- Department of Biosciences , University of Oslo (UiO) , 0316 Oslo , Norway
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Gruss I, Stefanovska T, Twardowski J, Pidlisnyuk V, Shapoval P. The ecological risk assessment of soil contamination with Ti and Fe at military sites in Ukraine: avoidance and reproduction tests with Folsomia candida. REVIEWS ON ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH 2019; 34:303-307. [PMID: 31444967 DOI: 10.1515/reveh-2018-0067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2018] [Accepted: 07/26/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this research was to assess the effect of soil contamination with titanium (Ti) and iron (Fe) at military sites in Ukraine using the avoidance and reproduction tests with Folsomia candida (springtail). The soil used for the tests was sampled in 2017 from Dolyna, Ivano-Frankivsk region, Ukraine from two plots, namely a contaminated and a control site. The sample site is a former military site previously used for tank training. At the control site mainly the concentrations of Ti and Fe were exceeded. The control soil was free from contamination. The avoidance test and reproduction test were conducted with the use of springtail species F. candida. The following nine levels of contamination with heavy metals were established: 1%, 1.5%, 5%, 10%, 15%, 25%, 50%, 75% and 100%. The duration of the avoidance test was 7 days, and that of the reproduction test was 28 days. Overall, the results show that the avoidance and reproduction tests with collembolans have the potential to be used as screening tools in an ecological risk assessment of heavy metals. In the avoidance test, the concentrations from 1.5 to 100% significantly decreased the number of F. candida in the contamination site in comparison to the control site. At the same time, avoidance was not observed in the first concentration (1%). According to the reproduction test, the negative effect on the number of F. candida juveniles was observed beginning at the 10% dose. The half maximal effective concentration (EC50) for the avoidance test was 50.12%, while that for the reproduction test was 22.39%. The contamination with heavy metals at the military areas indicated the short- and long-term toxicity risk on the springtail F. candida.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iwona Gruss
- Department of Plant Protection, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Plac Grunwaldzki 24A, 50-363 Wrocław, Poland, Fax: 004871320 1748
| | - Tatyana Stefanovska
- Department of Plant Protection, National University of Life and the Environment, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Jacek Twardowski
- Department of Plant Protection, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Valentina Pidlisnyuk
- Department of Technical Sciences, Jan Evangelista Purkyne University, Usti nad Labem, Czech Republic
| | - Pavlo Shapoval
- Department of Physical, Analytical and General Chemistry, Lviv Polytechnic National University, Lviv, Ukraine
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Mooney TJ, Wasley J, Raymond B, Andrew NR, King CK. Response of the Native Springtail Parisotoma insularis to Diesel Fuel-Contaminated Soils Under Field-Realistic Exposure Conditions at Subantarctic Macquarie Island. INTEGRATED ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT AND MANAGEMENT 2019; 15:565-574. [PMID: 30900814 DOI: 10.1002/ieam.4148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2018] [Revised: 03/04/2019] [Accepted: 03/19/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
A number of sites contaminated by petroleum hydrocarbons from past fuel spills are currently undergoing remediation on subantarctic Macquarie Island (under the jurisdiction of Tasmania, Australia). To assess the environmental risks these spills pose, and to establish remediation targets and guideline values, toxicity data for a range of native biota are required. The availability of data for local biota is limited, especially for soil invertebrates, which are critical to soil health. To examine the response of naturally occurring soil invertebrate communities to fuel contamination, intact soil cores from a range of soil types were collected along an organic carbon (OC) gradient. Organic carbon was factored into the toxicity assessment due to its toxicity-modifying potential. Soil cores were spiked with Special Antarctic Blend diesel, to mimic a fresh fuel spill at the soil surface. Springtails were the most abundant taxa, with the community heavily dominated by the native species Parisotoma insularis. This species was sensitive to fuel contamination (EC20 48 mg/kg, CI 5-188), irrespective of soil organic content. This study is the first to derive critical effect concentrations (CECs) for a subantarctic springtail species and provides important data that will be incorporated into future derivation of site-specific soil quality guideline values for fuels for Macquarie Island soils and the broader subantarctic region. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2019;15:565-574. © 2019 SETAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas J Mooney
- Australian Antarctic Division, Department of the Environment and Energy, Australian Government, Kingston, Tasmania
- Zoology, University of New England, Armidale, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Jane Wasley
- Australian Antarctic Division, Department of the Environment and Energy, Australian Government, Kingston, Tasmania
| | - Ben Raymond
- Australian Antarctic Division, Department of the Environment and Energy, Australian Government, Kingston, Tasmania
| | - Nigel R Andrew
- Zoology, University of New England, Armidale, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Catherine K King
- Australian Antarctic Division, Department of the Environment and Energy, Australian Government, Kingston, Tasmania
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15
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Liu H, Xuan L, Zhou J, Zhou D, Wang Y. Effects of Soil Properties on Cadmium Toxicity to Folsomia candida (Collembola). BULLETIN OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2019; 103:90-97. [PMID: 30535823 DOI: 10.1007/s00128-018-2514-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2018] [Accepted: 11/30/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The study was endeavored to investigate the effects of soil properties on the acute and chronic cadmium (Cd) toxicities to Folsomia candida (Collembola F. candida). Results of the present study indicated that 10% lethal concentrations (LC10) in a period of 7 days were ranged from 68.6 to > 1000 mg/kg Cd. Soil Cd concentrations that halve F. candida reproductions (EC50, 28 days) were ranged from 41.4 to 146.8 mg/kg. Stepwise regression analysis between the thresholds of Cd toxicity and soil properties revealed that the pH and organic matter (OM) were two fundamental factors for the assessment of biological threats posed by Cd. The exchangeable Cd was mainly affected by soil pH. The reproduction inhibition and adult mortality ratios of F. candida were positively correlated with soil exchangeable Cd. The development of a comprehensive pedotransfer function based on pH and OM values would be suitable for accurately assessing the biological risks arising from Cd contamination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hailong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 71st East Beijing Road, Nanjing, 210008, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Liang Xuan
- Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 71st East Beijing Road, Nanjing, 210008, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 71st East Beijing Road, Nanjing, 210008, People's Republic of China
| | - Dongmei Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 71st East Beijing Road, Nanjing, 210008, People's Republic of China
| | - Yujun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 71st East Beijing Road, Nanjing, 210008, People's Republic of China.
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16
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Lin X, Sun Z, Zhao L, Fan F, Ma J, Zhao S, Hou H. Toxicity of exogenous antimony to the soil-dwelling springtail Folsomia candida. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 26:5658-5667. [PMID: 30612344 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-018-3727-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2018] [Accepted: 11/09/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Antimony (Sb) is a toxic pollutant, but data for Sb toxicity to springtails in soil are limited, and the effects of Sb speciation, soil physiochemical properties, and aging time on Sb toxicity have not been investigated. To address this, the effects of Sb on Folsomia candida were evaluated in laboratory studies. The results demonstrated that compared with Sb(III), no significant change in mortality was observed in Sb(V)-treated soil, but the EC50 value for the reproduction was 28-fold higher than that of Sb(III). Sb(III) toxicity was very different in four soils. The LC50 values for the survival were 2325-5107 mg kg-1 in the acute test and 605-2682 mg kg-1 in the chronic test, and the EC50 values for the reproduction were 293-2317 mg kg-1. The toxicity discrepancies were associated with the variations in oxidation potential and sorption capacity among corresponding soils. Toxicity significantly positively correlated with the clay and amorphous iron content but significantly negatively correlated with pH. Long-term aging markedly decreased Sb(III) toxicity, and the EC50 and LC50 values were unexpectedly higher than the highest test concentration in soil aged for 180 days. Sb(III) toxicity was probably modified more by oxidation than by changes in the available Sb fraction during aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianglong Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100000, China
- College of Water Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Zaijin Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100000, China
| | - Long Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100000, China
| | - Feiyue Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100000, China
| | - Jin Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100000, China
| | - Shutingi Zhao
- Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650000, China
| | - Hong Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100000, China.
- College of Water Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China.
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Winkler D, Bidló A, Bolodár-Varga B, Erdő Á, Horváth A. Long-term ecological effects of the red mud disaster in Hungary: Regeneration of red mud flooded areas in a contaminated industrial region. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 644:1292-1303. [PMID: 30743842 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.07.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2018] [Revised: 07/03/2018] [Accepted: 07/04/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
As one of the most severe ecological disasters ever to take place in Europe, the 2010 red mud accident has left behind long-term environmental impact, prompting the need for monitoring of soil biodiversity. Red mud (wet storage solution) can be regarded as a complex mixture of contaminants due to its extreme alkalinity and the presence of potentially toxic trace elements. After-effect investigations on soil properties and soil microarthropods were carried out in three distinct habitat types (agricultural land, grassland, woodland) in the red mud affected area. Soils in the red mud affected area were moderately to strongly alkaline (pH 7.5 to 8.5). Total content of trace metals Cd, Ni, Cr exceeded threshold concentrations for soil. Acari and Collembola were by far the most abundant taxa, while important groups like Pauropoda, Protura and Symphyla were completely absent from the samples of red mud affected plots. These observations were also reflected by the low values of the soil biological quality (QBS-ar) index. Independently of habitat types, total collembolan abundance tended to be lower in the contaminated area when compared with nearby control samples. Typical species distribution of Collembola communities in the contaminated area generally included one or two very common and abundant species and more, relatively rare species of low abundance. In the red mud affected open habitats, a distinct eudominance of Brachystomella parvula and Parisotoma notabilis was observed; whereas in contaminated woodland Parisotoma notabilis formed the bulk of the community with Sphaeridia pumilis, Folsomia manolachei and F. quadrioculata being subdominant. Species sensitive to alkalinity and red mud components (e.g. Hypogastrura vernalis, Lepidocyrtus tomosvaryi) were completely absent or were present only in limited numbers in the contaminated samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Winkler
- Institute of Wildlife Management and Vertebrate Zoology, University of Sopron, Hungary.
| | - Andras Bidló
- Institute of Environmental and Earth Sciences, University of Sopron, Hungary
| | | | - Ádám Erdő
- Institute of Wildlife Management and Vertebrate Zoology, University of Sopron, Hungary
| | - Adrienn Horváth
- Institute of Environmental and Earth Sciences, University of Sopron, Hungary
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Errington I, King CK, Houlahan S, George SC, Michie A, Hose GC. The influence of vegetation and soil properties on springtail communities in a diesel-contaminated soil. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 619-620:1098-1104. [PMID: 29734588 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.11.186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2017] [Revised: 11/06/2017] [Accepted: 11/16/2017] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Soil health is important for the functioning of all terrestrial ecosystems, but may be impacted by contamination. Soil contamination may in turn necessitate rehabilitation and remediation works, but many of the techniques currently used cause physical disturbance to the soil structure, which may in itself affect soil assemblages. An understanding of the relative influence of these two types of disturbance on soil biota is needed to inform in situ remediation activities. Subantarctic Macquarie Island provides an ideal location to study these interactions because soil biodiversity is naturally low and a number of diesel spills have undergone active in situ remediation in recent years. In this study, soil cores were collected in triplicate from 21 locations. Springtails were extracted and identified to genus/species level. Total petroleum hydrocarbon (TPH) concentrations were measured at the surface and at 0.5m depth at each site, as was vegetation coverage and a range of soil properties. The relationships between these data were examined using distance-based linear models. Together, all environmental variables (vegetation and soil properties) explained a total of 76% of the variation in springtail assemblages. Soil properties alone accounted for 52% of the variation in springtail assemblages, of which bulk density was most important followed by soil conductivity and pH. Vegetation cover by the four plant taxa accounted for 34% of variation observed, with Leptinella plumosa and Poa foliosa having the greatest influence. Surface and underlying TPH concentration did not have a significant effect on springtail assemblages. Overall, factors that can be linked to physical soil disturbance had greater influence over springtail assemblages than did soil contamination. This finding may influence the selection of the most appropriate contaminant management approach for environmentally sensitive sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingrid Errington
- Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia
| | - Catherine K King
- Antarctic Conservation and Management, Australian Antarctic Division, Kingston, Australia
| | - Sarah Houlahan
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia
| | - Simon C George
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia
| | - Alexander Michie
- Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia
| | - Grant C Hose
- Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia.
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Phillips HRP, Knapp S, Purvis A. Estimating the potential biodiversity impact of redeveloping small urban spaces: the Natural History Museum's grounds. PeerJ 2017; 5:e3914. [PMID: 29104821 PMCID: PMC5667537 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.3914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2016] [Accepted: 09/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background With the increase in human population, and the growing realisation of the importance of urban biodiversity for human wellbeing, the ability to predict biodiversity loss or gain as a result of land use change within urban settings is important. Most models that link biodiversity and land use are at too coarse a scale for informing decisions, especially those related to planning applications. Using the grounds of the Natural History Museum, London, we show how methods used in global models can be applied to smaller spatial scales to inform urban planning. Methods Data were extracted from relevant primary literature where species richness had been recorded in more than one habitat type within an urban setting. As within-sample species richness will increase with habitat area, species richness estimates were also converted to species density using theory based on the species–area relationship. Mixed-effects models were used to model the impact on species richness and species density of different habitat types, and to estimate these metrics in the current grounds and under proposed plans for redevelopment. We compared effects of three assumptions on how within-sample diversity scales with habitat area as a sensitivity analysis. A pre-existing database recording plants within the grounds was also used to estimate changes in species composition across different habitats. Results Analysis estimated that the proposed plans would result in an increase of average biodiversity of between 11.2% (when species density was modelled) and 14.1% (when within-sample species richness was modelled). Plant community composition was relatively similar between the habitats currently within the grounds. Discussion The proposed plans for change in the NHM grounds are estimated to result in a net gain in average biodiversity, through increased number and extent of high-diversity habitats. In future, our method could be improved by incorporating purposefully collected ecological survey data (if resources permit) and by expanding the data sufficiently to allow modelling of the temporal dynamics of biodiversity change after habitat disturbance and creation. Even in its current form, the method produces transparent quantitative estimates, grounded in ecological data and theory, which can be used to inform relatively small scale planning decisions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen R P Phillips
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom.,Department of Life Sciences, Natural History Museum, London, London, United Kingdom.,German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.,Leipzig Universität, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Sandra Knapp
- Department of Life Sciences, Natural History Museum, London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Andy Purvis
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom.,Department of Life Sciences, Natural History Museum, London, London, United Kingdom
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20
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von Saltzwedel H, Scheu S, Schaefer I. Genetic structure and distribution of Parisotoma notabilis (Collembola) in Europe: Cryptic diversity, split of lineages and colonization patterns. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0170909. [PMID: 28170395 PMCID: PMC5295681 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0170909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2016] [Accepted: 01/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Climatic and biome changes of the past million years influenced the population structure and genetic diversity of soil-living arthropods in Europe. However, their effects on the genetic structure of widespread and abundant soil animal species such as the Collembola Parisotoma notabilis remain virtually unknown. This generalist and parthenogenetic species is an early colonizer of disturbed habitats and often occurs in human modified environments. To investigate ancient climatic influence and recent distributions on the genetic structure of P. notabilis we analyzed populations on a pan-European scale using three genetic markers differing in substitution rates. The results showed that P. notabilis comprises several genetic lineages with distinct distribution ranges that diverged in the Miocene. Genetic distances of COI between lineages ranged between 15% and 18% and molecular clock estimates suggest Late Miocene divergences considering the standard arthropod rate of 2.3% per my. Compared to other soil-living arthropods like oribatid mites, European lineages of P. notabilis are rather young and genetically uniform. The close association with anthropogenic habitats presumably contributed to rapid spread in Europe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helge von Saltzwedel
- Georg August University Göttingen, Johann Friedrich Blumenbach Institute of Zoology and Anthropology, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Stefan Scheu
- Georg August University Göttingen, Johann Friedrich Blumenbach Institute of Zoology and Anthropology, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Ina Schaefer
- Georg August University Göttingen, Johann Friedrich Blumenbach Institute of Zoology and Anthropology, Göttingen, Germany
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21
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von Saltzwedel H, Scheu S, Schaefer I. Founder events and pre-glacial divergences shape the genetic structure of European Collembola species. BMC Evol Biol 2016; 16:148. [PMID: 27423184 PMCID: PMC4947257 DOI: 10.1186/s12862-016-0719-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2015] [Accepted: 07/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Climate oscillations in the Cenozoic reduced species richness and genetic diversity of terrestrial and aquatic animals and plants in central and northern Europe. The most abundant arthropods in temperate soils are Collembola that live in almost any soil-related habitat. Extant species show little morphological variation to Eocene fossils, suggesting persistence of species in stable habitats for millions of years. Collembola are able to evade adverse climatic conditions by moving into deeper soil layers and are tolerant to frost and draught. If these adaptations sufficed for surviving glacial periods remains open and needs to be investigated in a phylogeographic context, i.e. investigating spatial structure on molecular level. We investigated the molecular variation of three common species of Collembola at a pan-European scale to identify glacial refuges and post-glacial colonization patterns with three genetic markers. Results All genes revealed remarkable genetic structure between but not within populations, suggesting density dependent processes for establishment of populations (founder-takes-all principle), which is common for European animals and plants. In contrast to the post-glacial recolonization patterns of many aboveground organisms, divergence times of most geographic lineages indicate preservation of genetic structure since the Miocene. Conclusions Collembola survived severe climatic changes including those during Quatenary glaciation and kept high genetic variance across Europe. Likely the buffering of temperature oscilliations in soil and the ability to evade adverse climatic conditions due to cold-tolerance and horizontal migration enabled Collembola to evade strong selective pressure of abiotic forces. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12862-016-0719-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helge von Saltzwedel
- Johann Friedrich Blumenbach Institute of Zoology and Anthropology, Georg August University Göttingen, Berliner Strasse 28, 37073, Göttingen, Germany.
| | - Stefan Scheu
- Johann Friedrich Blumenbach Institute of Zoology and Anthropology, Georg August University Göttingen, Berliner Strasse 28, 37073, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Ina Schaefer
- Johann Friedrich Blumenbach Institute of Zoology and Anthropology, Georg August University Göttingen, Berliner Strasse 28, 37073, Göttingen, Germany
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Gregory AS, Ritz K, McGrath SP, Quinton JN, Goulding KWT, Jones RJA, Harris JA, Bol R, Wallace P, Pilgrim ES, Whitmore AP. A review of the impacts of degradation threats on soil properties in the UK. SOIL USE AND MANAGEMENT 2015; 31:1-15. [PMID: 27667890 PMCID: PMC5014291 DOI: 10.1111/sum.12212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2014] [Accepted: 07/31/2015] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
National governments are becoming increasingly aware of the importance of their soil resources and are shaping strategies accordingly. Implicit in any such strategy is that degradation threats and their potential effect on important soil properties and functions are defined and understood. In this paper, we aimed to review the principal degradation threats on important soil properties in the UK, seeking quantitative data where possible. Soil erosion results in the removal of important topsoil and, with it, nutrients, C and porosity. A decline in soil organic matter principally affects soil biological and microbiological properties, but also impacts on soil physical properties because of the link with soil structure. Soil contamination affects soil chemical properties, affecting nutrient availability and degrading microbial properties, whilst soil compaction degrades the soil pore network. Soil sealing removes the link between the soil and most of the 'spheres', significantly affecting hydrological and microbial functions, and soils on re-developed brownfield sites are typically degraded in most soil properties. Having synthesized the literature on the impact on soil properties, we discuss potential subsequent impacts on the important soil functions, including food and fibre production, storage of water and C, support for biodiversity, and protection of cultural and archaeological heritage. Looking forward, we suggest a twin approach of field-based monitoring supported by controlled laboratory experimentation to improve our mechanistic understanding of soils. This would enable us to better predict future impacts of degradation processes, including climate change, on soil properties and functions so that we may manage soil resources sustainably.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. S. Gregory
- Department of Sustainable Soils and Grassland SystemsRothamsted ResearchHarpendenHertfordshireAL5 2JQUK
| | - K. Ritz
- Division of Agricultural and Environmental SciencesUniversity of NottinghamSutton Bonington CampusLoughboroughLeicestershireLE12 5RDUK
| | - S. P. McGrath
- Department of Sustainable Soils and Grassland SystemsRothamsted ResearchHarpendenHertfordshireAL5 2JQUK
| | - J. N. Quinton
- Lancaster Environment CentreLancaster UniversityLancasterLA1 4YQUK
| | - K. W. T. Goulding
- Department of Sustainable Soils and Grassland SystemsRothamsted ResearchHarpendenHertfordshireAL5 2JQUK
| | - R. J. A. Jones
- School of Energy, Environment and AgrifoodCranfield UniversityCranfieldBedfordshireMK43 0ALUK
| | - J. A. Harris
- School of Energy, Environment and AgrifoodCranfield UniversityCranfieldBedfordshireMK43 0ALUK
| | - R. Bol
- Terrestrial Biogeochemistry GroupInstitute of Bio‐ and Geosciences IBG‐3: AgrosphereForschungszentrum Jülich GmbHJülich52425Germany
| | - P. Wallace
- Phil Wallace LtdWestlandMartlesham HeathIpswichSuffolkIP5 3SUUK
| | - E. S. Pilgrim
- University of ExeterAmory BuildingRennes DriveExeterEX4 4RJUK
| | - A. P. Whitmore
- Department of Sustainable Soils and Grassland SystemsRothamsted ResearchHarpendenHertfordshireAL5 2JQUK
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Rzeszowski K, Sterzyńska M. Changes through time in soil Collembola communities exposed to urbanization. Urban Ecosyst 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s11252-015-0478-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Soil microarthropods in non-intervention montane spruce forest regenerating after bark-beetle outbreak. Ecol Res 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s11284-014-1197-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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26
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Wan TL, Liu S, Tang QY, Cheng JA. Heavy metal bioaccumulation and mobility from rice plants to Nilaparvata lugens (Homoptera: Delphacidae) in China. ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY 2014; 43:654-661. [PMID: 24735989 DOI: 10.1603/en13026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Samples of soils, rice plants, and the adult, long-winged, brown planthoppers, Nilaparvata lugens (Stål) (Homoptera: Delphacidae), were collected from 18 sites of 9 regions in southern China. The concentrations of seven elements (Cu, Zn, As, Mo, Ag, Cd, and Pb) were measured using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Heavy metal mobility and bioaccumulation were analyzed in the rice plant-N. lugens system. The concentrations of Zn, As, Cd, and Pb in rice plants were positively correlated with their relevant concentrations in soil samples The bioconcentration factors of the seven elements in the rice plant-N. lugens system showed that the order of metal accumulation was Mo>Zn>Ag>Cd>Cu>Pb>As. In particular, Mo and Zn showed significantly high accumulation in N. lugens. A cluster analysis and factor analysis showed that the bioaccumulation of these seven elements in the rice plant-N. lugens system could be classified into two groups, closely related to their molar mass. The first group consisted of five elements with relatively light molar masses: Cu, Zn, As, Mo, and Ag. Cu and Zn, which have nearly equal molar masses, showed similar accumulation levels in N. lugens. The second group included two elements with relatively heavy molar masses: Cd and Pb. This study demonstrated that bioaccumulation of seven heavy metals was regular in the rice plant-N. lugens system. N. lugens could be used as bioindicators of the contaminated degree for Zn in rice paddy fields. This information may provide a basis for future ecological research on the bioaccumulation mechanism in N. lugens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting-li Wan
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058, China
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Espinosa-Reyes G, González-Mille DJ, Ilizaliturri-Hernández CA, Mejía-Saavedra J, Cilia-López VG, Costilla-Salazar R, Díaz-Barriga F. Effect of mining activities in biotic communities of Villa de la Paz, San Luis Potosi, Mexico. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 2014:165046. [PMID: 24592381 PMCID: PMC3925625 DOI: 10.1155/2014/165046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2013] [Revised: 12/12/2013] [Accepted: 12/16/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Mining is one of the most important industrial activities worldwide. During its different stages numerous impacts are generated to the environment. The activities in the region have generated a great amount of mining residues, which have caused severe pollution and health effects in both human population and biotic components. The aim of this paper was to assess the impact of mining activities on biotic communities within the district of Villa de la Paz. The results showed that the concentrations of As and Pb in soil were higher than the national regulations for urban or agricultural areas. The bioavailability of these metals was certified by the presence of them in the roots of species of plants and in kidneys and livers of wild rodents. In regard to the community analysis, the sites that were located close to the mining district of Villa de la Paz registered a lower biological diversity, in both plants and wild rodents, aside from showing a change in the species composition of plant communities. The results of this study are evidence of the impact of mining on biotic communities, and the need to take into account the wildlife in the assessment of contaminated sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillermo Espinosa-Reyes
- CIACYT-Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, Avenida Sierra Leona No. 550, Lomas 2da Sección, 78210 México, SLP, Mexico
| | - Donaji J. González-Mille
- CIACYT-Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, Avenida Sierra Leona No. 550, Lomas 2da Sección, 78210 México, SLP, Mexico
| | - César A. Ilizaliturri-Hernández
- CIACYT-Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, Avenida Sierra Leona No. 550, Lomas 2da Sección, 78210 México, SLP, Mexico
| | - Jesús Mejía-Saavedra
- CIACYT-Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, Avenida Sierra Leona No. 550, Lomas 2da Sección, 78210 México, SLP, Mexico
| | - V. Gabriela Cilia-López
- CIACYT-Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, Avenida Sierra Leona No. 550, Lomas 2da Sección, 78210 México, SLP, Mexico
| | - Rogelio Costilla-Salazar
- Life Sciences Division, Universidad de Guanajuato, Campus Irapuato-Salamanca, Carretera Salamanca-Valle de Santiago Km. 3.5 + 1.8, Palo Blanco, 36885 Salamanca, GTO, Mexico
| | - Fernando Díaz-Barriga
- CIACYT-Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, Avenida Sierra Leona No. 550, Lomas 2da Sección, 78210 México, SLP, Mexico
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Chapman EEV, Dave G, Murimboh JD. A review of metal (Pb and Zn) sensitive and pH tolerant bioassay organisms for risk screening of metal-contaminated acidic soils. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2013; 179:326-342. [PMID: 23688951 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2013.04.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2012] [Revised: 02/26/2013] [Accepted: 04/17/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
To improve risk estimates at the screening stage of Ecological Risk Assessment (ERA), short duration bioassays tailored to undisturbed soil cores from the contaminated site could be useful. However, existing standardized bioassays use disturbed soil samples and often pH sensitive organisms. This is a problem as naturally acidic soils are widespread. Changing soil properties to suit the test organism may change metal bioavailability, leading to erroneous risk estimates. For bioassays in undisturbed soil cores to be effective, species able to withstand natural soil properties must be identified. This review presents a critical examination of bioassay species' tolerance of acidic soils and sensitivity to metal contaminants such as Pb and Zn. Promising organisms include; Dendrobaena octaedra, Folsomia candida, Caenorhabditis elegans, Oppia nitens, Brassica rapa, Trifolium pratense, Allium cepa, Quercus rubra and Acer rubrum. The MetSTICK test and the Bait lamina test were also identified as suitable microorganism tests.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Emily V Chapman
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Box 461, 40530 Gothenburg, Sweden.
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Huang C, Wang T, Luo Y, Chen S, Kim KC. Assessing Collembola biodiversity under human influence at Three Gorges Area, China. ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY 2013; 42:214-222. [PMID: 23575010 DOI: 10.1603/en12253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
In this study we comprehensively assessed Collembola biodiversity at Three Gorges Area, one of most diverse habitat regions in China. In total, 3,796 Collembola specimens comprising 9 families, 45 genera, and 103 species (including 14 new species and new records in China) were collected from three primary sampling areas: one nature reserve and two rural and urban areas representing different degrees of human influence. Each sampling area was further divided into nine sampling sites associated with different habitats and altitudes. Analyses of biodiversity data showed that individual abundance was highest in the nature reserve followed by mildly human influenced areas, and then highly influenced areas, and species richness was lowest in highly influenced areas. Hence, we suggest Collembola biodiversity is systematically lost after urbanization. In the nature reserve, altitude significantly influenced both the species richness and individual abundance, whereas in rural and urban areas, both altitude and the human-altered environmental gradient were influential. We also measured sampling efficiency and estimated potential species richness in these areas. This study serves as both a fundamental survey of Collembola biodiversity, as well as an assessment of human/environmental influence on the Collembola community, and can provide further insight into protecting the soil integrity of the Three Gorges Area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Huang
- School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 21093, China
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Simon E, Vidic A, Braun M, Fábián I, Tóthmérész B. Trace element concentrations in soils along urbanization gradients in the city of Wien, Austria. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2013; 20:917-924. [PMID: 22843352 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-012-1091-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2012] [Accepted: 07/11/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Urban soil is an important component of urban ecosystems. This study focuses on heavy metal contamination in soils of Wien (Austria) and results are compared to those for a few large European cities. We analysed the elemental contents of 96 samples of topsoil from urban, suburban and rural areas in Wien along a dynamic (floodplain forest) and a stable (oak-hornbeam forest) urbanization gradient. The following elements were quantified using ICP-OES technique: Al, As, Ba, Ca, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, K, Mg, Mn, Pb, P, S and Zn. For heavy metals PI (pollution index) values were used to assess the level of pollution. The PI values indicated high level of pollution by Pb in the suburban and rural area of stable gradient and in the urban area of dynamic gradient; moderate level of pollution was indicated for Cd in the urban area of stable gradient. The level of pollution was moderate for Co in the suburban and rural area of the stable gradient, and for Cu in suburban area of stable gradient, and urban area of dynamic gradient. The pollution level of Zn was moderate in all areas. Urban soils, especially in urban parks and green areas may have a direct influence on human health. Thus, the elemental analysis of soil samples is one of the best ways to study the effects of urbanization. Our results indicated that the heavy metal contamination was higher in Wien than in a few large European cities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edina Simon
- Department of Ecology, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, PO Box 71, 4010 Hungary.
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31
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Santos MJG, Ferreira MFL, Cachada A, Duarte AC, Sousa JP. Pesticide application to agricultural fields: effects on the reproduction and avoidance behaviour of Folsomia candida and Eisenia andrei. ECOTOXICOLOGY (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2012; 21:2113-22. [PMID: 22711551 DOI: 10.1007/s10646-012-0963-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/06/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this work was to assess the impact of pesticide application to non-target soil organisms simulating what happens following pesticide application in agricultural fields and thus obtaining higher realism on results obtained. For that purpose, three commercial formulations containing the insecticides chlorpyrifos and endosulfan and the herbicide glyphosate were applied to a Mediterranean agricultural field. The soil was collected after spraying and dilution series were prepared with untreated soil to determine the impact of the pesticides on the avoidance behaviour and reproduction of the earthworm Eisenia andrei and the collembolan Folsomia candida. A significant avoidance was observed at the recommended field dose in case of endosulfan by earthworms (60 %) and in case of chlorpyrifos by collembolans (64 %). In addition, both insecticides affected the number of juveniles produced by the earthworms (EC(50) were below the recommended field dose). Glyphosate did not seem to affect either earthworms or collembolans in the recommended field dose. Folsomia candida was more sensitive to pesticide application than Eisenia andrei, what was corroborated by the EC(50) and LC(50) values. In conclusion, insecticides may affect the structure of the soil community by reducing the survival of collembolans and the reproductive capacity of collembolans and earthworms.
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Affiliation(s)
- M J G Santos
- Department of Biology, CESAM (Centre of Environmental and Marine Studies), University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal.
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Żmudzki S, Laskowski R. Biodiversity and structure of spider communities along a metal pollution gradient. ECOTOXICOLOGY (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2012; 21:1523-1532. [PMID: 22543960 PMCID: PMC3377894 DOI: 10.1007/s10646-012-0906-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/05/2012] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The objective of the study was to determine whether long-term metal pollution affects communities of epigeal spiders (Aranea), studied at three taxonomic levels: species, genera, and families. Biodiversity was defined by three indices: the Hierarchical Richness Index (HRI), Margalef index (D(M)) and Pielou evenness index (J). In different ways the indices describe taxa richness and the distribution of individuals among taxa. The dominance pattern of the communities was described with four measures: number of dominant species at a site, percentage of dominant species at a site, average dominant species abundance at a site, and the share of the most numerous species (Alopecosa cuneata) at a site. Spiders were collected along a metal pollution gradient in southern Poland, extending ca. 33 km from zinc and lead smelter to an uncontaminated area. The zinc concentration in soil was used as the pollution index.The study revealed a significant effect of metal pollution on spider biodiversity as described by HRI for species (p = 0.039), genera (p = 0.0041) and families (p = 0.0147), and by D(M) for genera (p = 0.0259) and families (p = 0.0028). HRI correlated negatively with pollution level, while D(M) correlated positively. This means that although broadly described HRI diversity decreased with increasing pollution level, species richness increased with increasing contamination. Mesophilic meadows were generally richer. Pielou (J) did not show any significant correlations. There were a few evidences for the intermediate disturbance hypothesis: certain indices reached their highest values at moderate pollution levels rather than at the cleanest or most polluted sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebatian Żmudzki
- Institute of Environmental Sciences, Jagiellonian University, ul. Gronostajowa 7, 30-387 Kraków, Poland
| | - Ryszard Laskowski
- Institute of Environmental Sciences, Jagiellonian University, ul. Gronostajowa 7, 30-387 Kraków, Poland
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Liu YR, Zheng YM, He JZ. Toxicity of profenofos to the springtail, Folsomia candida, and ammonia-oxidizers in two agricultural soils. ECOTOXICOLOGY (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2012; 21:1126-1134. [PMID: 22362510 DOI: 10.1007/s10646-012-0867-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/07/2012] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Extensive use of organophosphorus insecticide profenofos (PFF) for agricultural and house-hold purposes has led to serious environmental pollution, with potential risk to organisms in the ecosystem. This study examined the toxicity of PFF to the soil springtail Folsomia candida and ammonia-oxidizers through a series of toxicity tests conducted on two agricultural soils. It was found that the survival, reproduction, hsp70 gene expression of F. candida and the soil potential nitrification rate (PNR) were sensitive to the PFF, whereas no apparent change was observed in the abundance of ammonia-oxidizers. The reproduction of F. candida was the most sensitive endpoint (mean 0.10 mg/kg of EC(50) value) for PFF, although the test was more time-consuming. The results of the acute toxicity tests suggested that the survival of F. candida could be considered as the most suitable bioindicator for fast screening of PFF toxicity because of its fast and easy test procedure. In addition, the hsp70 gene expression in F. candida and the PNR could be used as important parameters for assessment of PFF toxicity. The threshold concentration based on the obtained endpoints differed in the two soils, and consequently the soil property should be considered in toxicity assessments of contaminated soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Rong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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Tiepo EN, Corrêa AXR, Resgalla C, Cotelle S, Férard JF, Radetski CM. Terrestrial short-term ecotoxicity of a green formicide. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2010; 73:939-43. [PMID: 20117837 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2010.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2009] [Revised: 01/10/2010] [Accepted: 01/13/2010] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
When ants become annoying, large quantities of formicide are applied to terrestrial ecosystems in tropical regions, but awareness of the health and environmental impacts related to the use of synthetic pesticides has been increasing. The use of green pesticides to combat target organisms could reduce these impacts. In this regard, terrestrial ecotoxicity tests with higher plants (Brassica olaracea, Lactuca sativa and Mucuna aterrima), annelids (Eisenia foetida), Collembola (Folsomia candida) and soil enzyme activity analysis (diacetate fluorescein hydrolysis) were used to evaluate short-term terrestrial ecotoxicity of a green pesticide prepared from naturally-occurring organic compounds. At the highest formicide concentration tested in these experiments (i.e., 50 g kg(-1) soil) no toxicity toward terrestrial organisms was observed. The lack of short-term terrestrial ecotoxicity suggest that this green formicide can be classed as an environmentally friendly product as compared to the ecotoxicity of the most commonly used commercialized formicides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erasmo N Tiepo
- Universidade do Vale do Itajaí Laboratório de Remediação Ambiental Rua Uruguai, 458 Itajaí SC 88302-202, Brazil
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Bur T, Probst A, Bianco A, Gandois L, Crouau Y. Determining cadmium critical concentrations in natural soils by assessing Collembola mortality, reproduction and growth. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2010; 73:415-422. [PMID: 19913911 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2009.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2009] [Revised: 10/16/2009] [Accepted: 10/18/2009] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The toxicity of cadmium for the Collembola Folsomia candida was studied by determining the effects of increasing Cd concentrations on growth, survival and reproduction in three cultivated and forested soils with different pH (4.5-8.2) and organic matter content (1.6-16.5%). The Cd concentration in soil CaCl(2) exchangeable fraction, in soil solution and in Collembola body was determined. At similar total soil concentrations, the Cd concentration in soil solutions strongly decreased with increasing pH. Reproduction was the most sensitive parameter. Low organic matter content was a limiting factor for reproduction. Effect of Cd on reproduction was better described by soil or body concentrations than by soil solution concentration. Values of EC(50-Repro) expressed on the basis of nominal soil concentration were 182, 111 and 107 microg g(-1), respectively, for a carbonated cultivated soil (AU), an acid forested soil with high organic matter (EPC) and a circumneutral cultivated soil with low organic content (SV). Sensitivity to Cd was enhanced for low OM content and acidic pH. The effect of Cd on reproduction is not directly related to Cd concentration in soil solution for carbonated soil: a very low value is found for EC(50-Repro) (0.17) based on soil solution for the soil with the highest pH (AU; pH=8.2). Chronic toxicity cannot be predicted on the basis of soluble fractions. Critical concentrations were 8 x 10(-5), 1.1, 0.3 microg mL(-1), respectively, for AU, EPC and SV soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Bur
- Université de Toulouse, UPS, INP, EcoLab (Laboratoire d'écologie fonctionnelle), ENSAT, Avenue de l'Agrobiopôle, F-31326 Castanet-Tolosan, France
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Crouau Y, Pinelli E. Comparative ecotoxicity of three polluted industrial soils for the Collembola Folsomia candida. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2008; 71:643-649. [PMID: 18336905 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2008.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2007] [Revised: 01/14/2008] [Accepted: 01/19/2008] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
We tried to quantify the ecotoxicity of three industrial soil samples contaminated by different metals, using the Collembolan Folsomia candida as a biological model and mortality, growth and reproduction as parameters. The observed ecotoxicities are rather normal for the first such soil sample (aluminum factory) but are high for the second sample (ore treatment) and relatively low for the third one (zinc factory) considering its high metal concentrations. For these last two soil samples, an unusual ecotoxicity plotting is observed: two high ecotoxicity recordings fit with a low and high percentage of polluted soil to non-polluted soil and noticeably lower ecotoxicity recordings are observed between them. Chemical analyses of metals in pore waters show that arsenic probably explains part of such an unusual ecotoxicity curve. Otherwise, mortality and growth of the animals are less sensitive parameters than reproduction. Our experiments show that the results of the ecotoxicological assays of polluted soils are complex and difficult to interpret.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yves Crouau
- Université Paul Sabatier, C.N.R.S., Ecolab, 118 route de Narbonne, 31062 Toulouse Cédex, France.
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NOËL HELENL, HOPKIN STEVEP, HUTCHINSON THOMASH, WILLIAMS TIMD, SIBLY RICHARDM. Towards a population ecology of stressed environments: the effects of zinc on the springtail Folsomia candida. J Appl Ecol 2006. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2664.2006.01133.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Gass F, Gillet S, Ponge JF. The use of directional traps for the assessment of short-term phenanthrene effects upon soil springtail communities. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2006; 140:364-70. [PMID: 16168536 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2005.06.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2005] [Accepted: 06/30/2005] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Directional traps, both horizontal and vertical, were used to assess the behavioural impact of phenanthrene application on soil springtail communities. Avoidance was not detected. Rather, a vertical attraction of the dominant species, Folsomia manolachei, was demonstrated, as well as a decrease in horizontal movements of Lepidocyrtus lanuginosus, another important species mainly captured at the soil surface. Ecological consequences of the results are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frédéric Gass
- Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, CNRS UMR 5176, 4 Avenue du Petit-Chateau, 91800 Brunoy, France
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Jensen J, Pedersen MB. Ecological risk assessment of contaminated soil. REVIEWS OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2006; 186:73-105. [PMID: 16676902 DOI: 10.1007/0-387-32883-1_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
This review has described three cases of ecological risk assessment. The cases include two heavy metals (Cu and Zn) and an anthropogenic organic chemical (DDT). It concludes that there are at least two major constraints hampering the use of laboratory tests to predict effects under natural field conditions. One key issue is bioavailability, and another is suboptimal conditions or multiple stresses in the field such as climatic stress (drought, frost), predators, competition, or food shortage. On the basis of the presented case studies, it was possible to answer three essential questions often raised in connection to ecological risk assessment of contaminated sites. 1. To what extend does soil screening level (SSL) estimate the risk? The SSL are generally derived at levels corresponding to the lowest observed effect levels in laboratory studies, which often is close to the background levels found in many soils. In the cases of zinc and especially DDT, the SSL seemed quite conservative, whereas for copper they resemble the level at which changes in the community structure of soil microarthropods and the plant community have been observed at contaminated sites. The SSL correspond as a whole relatively well with concentrations where no effects or only minor effects were observed in controlled field studies. However, large variation in field surveys can often make it difficult to conclude to what extent the SSL corresponded to no-effect levels in the field. 2. Do bioassays represent a more realistic risk estimate? Here, there is no firm conclusion. The zinc study in UK showed a better relationship between the outcome of ex situ bioassays and field observations than the SSL. The latter overestimated the risk compared to field observations. However, this would be species dependent, as the sensitivity to metals may vary considerably between recognized test species, even within the same group of organisms, such as Folsomia candida and Folsomia fimetaria or Eisenia fetida and Lumbricus sp. Furthermore, it was demonstrated that bioassays were not useful for predicting general species diversity in the field as they are strongly influenced by natural variation and other factors not related to contamination. In the case of copper, bioassays with springtails and black bindweed seemed to underestimate the risk compared to the Cu concentrations at which significant changes in the community structure of soil microarthropods and plants have been observed at the contaminated site, and this was also the case for the DDT-contaminated soils. Here, bioassays with DDT-contaminated soils showed generally very low toxicity, with EC10 values considerably higher than the levels where clear effects on single species as well as community structure have been detected in the present field study. 3. Is it possible to make sound field surveys or do we lack suitable reference situations? Large natural variation caused by other factors than contaminants were observed in most cases, and this may have particularly hampered the conclusions made in the field surveys. These factors included pH, private and military traffic, age of vegetation, shading effects, and variations in light insensitivity as well as quantity and quality of organic matter. It was therefore concluded that field studies should always be interpreted in concert with similar data from a reference situation. Conclusions should therefore be made with caution in situations where important soil conditions vary between control plots and the contaminated sites. The cases also showed that indices focusing on species richness were unreliable. Estimates of evenness or dominance were recommended instead, and most authors concluded that multivariate analysis of community structure was a sensitive and useful method superior to single-species field data. This review concludes that there is a need for a tiered approach in ecological risk assessment of contaminated soils. Generic soil screening levels are needed as a first tier. Higher tiers of ecological risk assessment should, however, contain some kind of site-specific assessment. It is furthermore important to organize the various studies in a framework or decision support system that is transparent and useful for all stakeholders. A weight of evidence approach may be an obvious choice to deal with these uncertainties. The TRIAD approach, which incorporates and categorizes information in a triangle - chemistry, toxicology, and ecology - is an appropriate tool for handling conceptual uncertainties.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Jensen
- The National Environmental Research Institute, Department of Terrestrial Ecology, Silkeborg, Denmark
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Fountain MT, Hopkin SP. Folsomia candida (Collembola): a "standard" soil arthropod. ANNUAL REVIEW OF ENTOMOLOGY 2005; 50:201-22. [PMID: 15355236 DOI: 10.1146/annurev.ento.50.071803.130331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 237] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Folsomia candida Willem 1902, a member of the order Collembola (colloquially called springtails), is a common and widespread arthropod that occurs in soils throughout the world. The species is parthenogenetic and is easy to maintain in the laboratory on a diet of granulated dry yeast. F. candida has been used as a "standard" test organism for more than 40 years for estimating the effects of pesticides and environmental pollutants on nontarget soil arthropods. However, it has also been employed as a model for the investigation of numerous other phenomena such as cold tolerance, quality as a prey item, and effects of microarthropod grazing on pathogenic fungi and mycorrhizae of plant roots. In this comprehensive review, aspects of the life history, ecology, and ecotoxicology of F. candida are covered. We focus on the recent literature, especially studies that have examined the effects of soil pollutants on reproduction in F. candida using the protocol published by the International Standards Organization in 1999.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle T Fountain
- Center for Agri-Environmental Research, Department of Agriculture, University of Reading, Reading, RG6 6AR, United Kingdom.
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