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Mitnick D, Dills A, Smith Slep AM, Heyman RE, Giresi J. Family Influences on Caries in Grenada. Dent J (Basel) 2020; 8:E105. [PMID: 32916915 PMCID: PMC7559639 DOI: 10.3390/dj8030105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2020] [Revised: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 09/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
If high-conflict family environments are cariogenic across cultures, and can be studied in cultures where both these environments and cariogenic dental practices are particularly prevalent, this would afford the opportunity to examine how these two pathways of risk might interact, laying the stage for culturally competent, integrated prevention efforts. The first investigation involved qualitative data about perceptions of oral health and family stressors in Grenadian families with school-aged children. The second study used a questionnaire and observational data to assess relations among oral health behaviors, relationship satisfaction, parenting, and child behavior; it also included a pilot study of Motivational Interviewing. Most of the themes discussed in focus groups suggested overlap between U.S. and Grenadian parents; possible culture-specific issues were high prevalence of single-parent homes, normativity of physical discipline, less preventive dental care, and more fatalistic view of oral health outcomes. Significant associations were found between parent and child oral health behaviors, between child externalizing and internalizing behaviors, and between family variables (e.g., relationship satisfaction, child behavior) and oral health behaviors (e.g., parent flossing, child brush time). The results strongly support the need for research on the relations between family functioning and oral health to be embedded within culture.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ashley Dills
- Department of Cariology and Comprehensive Care, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, NY 10010, USA; (D.M.); (A.M.S.S.); (R.E.H.); (J.G.)
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2
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Zhang X, Gu H, Xie S, Su Y. Periodontitis in patients with psoriasis: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Oral Dis 2020; 28:33-43. [PMID: 32852860 PMCID: PMC9290533 DOI: 10.1111/odi.13617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2020] [Revised: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Objective The present study aimed to summarize and update the evidence regarding the association between periodontitis and psoriasis. Methods The present systematic review was conducted under the guidelines of Transparent Reporting of Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses (PRISMA) and was recorded in the PROSPERO database, under registration number CRD42017063799. Three databases (MEDLINE, Embase, and Cochrane Library) were searched up to March 2020. Case–control or cohort studies assessing the association between periodontitis and psoriasis were identified. Quantitative synthesis was conducted with meta‐analysis. Results A total of 13 studies (11 case–control and two cohort studies) assessing the association between periodontitis and psoriasis were included. Of these 13 articles, 9 showed the prevalence of periodontitis or psoriasis. Therefore, meta‐analyses were conducted with data retrieved from the nine studies included. Pooled effect estimate for nine studies showed that patients with periodontitis associated with a higher risk of psoriasis with a pooled OR of 2.87 (95% CI, 1.75–4.69). Conclusions This systematic review demonstrated a positive association between periodontitis and psoriasis; however, a causal relationship cannot be established. Due to the weak evidence, caution should be taken when interpreting the results regarding periodontal parameters. Well‐designed prospective studies are necessary to evaluate interactions between both diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinze Zhang
- Department of Stomatology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Hongqiu Gu
- China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Shang Xie
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - Yingying Su
- Department of Stomatology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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3
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Rösing CK, Gomes SC, Carvajal P, Gómez M, Costa R, Toledo A, Solanes F, Romanelli H, Gamonal J, Oppermann RV. Impact of smoking on gingival inflammation in representative samples of three South American cities. Braz Oral Res 2019; 33:e090. [PMID: 31531553 DOI: 10.1590/1807-3107bor-2019.vol33.0090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2018] [Accepted: 07/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of smoking on gingival inflammation in a representative sample of 1,650 adults from Santiago (Chile), Porto Alegre (Brazil), and Tucumán (Argentina). A questionnaire was administered to participants to gather demographic and behavioral characteristics, including smoking habits. The participants were clinically examined to obtain gingival index (GI), gingival bleeding index (GBI), visible plaque index (VPI), and calculus presence values. Gingival inflammation was defined as a mean GI > 0.5. Heavy smokers presented significantly lower levels of gingival inflammation, as reflected by both GI and GBI, than both light and moderate smokers, despite their having increased amounts of plaque and calculus. Being 50 years old or older [odds ratio (OR), 1.93], a VPI ≥ 30% (OR, 28.1), and self-reported diabetes (OR, 2.79) were positively associated with detection of gingival inflammation. In conclusion, the occurrence of clinically detectable gingival inflammation was lower in heavy smokers than light and moderate smokers. Older age, diabetes, and visible plaque emerged as risk indicators of gingivitis. Plaque and gingival indices are significantly associated regardless of the smoking status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cassiano Kuchenbecker Rösing
- Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul - UFRGS, Department of Conservative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Sabrina Carvalho Gomes
- Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul - UFRGS, Department of Conservative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Paola Carvajal
- University of Chile, Faculty of Dentistry, Laboratory of Periodontal Biology, Santiago, Chile
| | - Mariel Gómez
- Maimónides University, School of Dentistry, Career of Specialist in Periodontics, Buenos Aires, Argentine
| | - Ricardo Costa
- Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul - UFRGS, Department of Conservative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Andres Toledo
- Maimónides University, School of Dentistry, Career of Specialist in Periodontics, Buenos Aires, Argentine
| | - Fernando Solanes
- University of Chile, Faculty of Dentistry, Laboratory of Periodontal Biology, Santiago, Chile
| | - Hugo Romanelli
- Maimónides University, School of Dentistry, Career of Specialist in Periodontics, Buenos Aires, Argentine
| | - Jorge Gamonal
- University of Chile, Faculty of Dentistry, Laboratory of Periodontal Biology, Santiago, Chile
| | - Rui Vicente Oppermann
- Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul - UFRGS, Department of Conservative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
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Rademacher SWH, Zaura E, Kleverlaan CJ, Buijs MJ, Crielaard W, Loos BG, Laine ML. Qualitative and quantitative differences in the subgingival microbiome of the restored and unrestored teeth. J Periodontal Res 2019; 54:405-412. [PMID: 30734922 PMCID: PMC6766957 DOI: 10.1111/jre.12642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2018] [Revised: 12/18/2018] [Accepted: 01/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Metal-based dental restorations with a subgingival outline may enhance plaque accumulation and bacterial colonization. This study aimed to investigate whether metal-based restorations influence the composition of subgingival microbiome. MATERIAL AND METHODS Per subject one site with a metal-based restoration and one contra-lateral site without a restoration were selected on basis of radiographic bone loss ≤2 mm, restoration outline at sulcus level/subgingivally, pocket depth ≤4 mm, and no root canal treatments. Subgingival samples were collected with sterile paper-points, and microbial profiles were obtained by 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing. Restorations were sampled with an Arkansas-stone and the metal composition was determined using energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. RESULTS A total of 22 sites from 11 subjects were included. No significant differences for the clinical parameters were found between the restored and unrestored sites. The average age of the restorations was 14.9 ± 7.1 years. Firmicutes was the most prevalent phylum at the restored sites (32% vs 20% of the reads of the unrestored sites, P = 0.016), and Actinobacteria at the unrestored sites (33% vs 18% of the reads of the restored sites, P = 0.01). Overall, sequences clustered into 573 operational taxonomic units (OTUs). Species richness of the restored sites was significantly higher than species richness of the unrestored sites (117 ± 32 and 96 ± 20 OTUs, respectively, P = 0.013). No associations between the metal composition and bacterial profiles were found. CONCLUSION This study shows that metal-based restorations may enhance colonization of Firmicutes and the neighboring pocket may harbor more diverse microbial communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven W H Rademacher
- Department of Periodontology, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam and VU University, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Egija Zaura
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam and VU University, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Cornelis J Kleverlaan
- Department of Dental Materials, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam and VU University, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Mark J Buijs
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam and VU University, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Wim Crielaard
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam and VU University, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Bruno G Loos
- Department of Periodontology, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam and VU University, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marja L Laine
- Department of Periodontology, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam and VU University, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Daudt LD, Musskopf ML, Mendez M, Remonti LLR, Leitão CB, Gross JL, Weidlich P, Oppermann RV. Association between metabolic syndrome and periodontitis: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Braz Oral Res 2018; 32:e35. [PMID: 29846383 DOI: 10.1590/1807-3107bor-2018.vol32.0035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2017] [Accepted: 03/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to evaluate the association between metabolic syndrome (MS) and periodontitis (PD), through a systematic review and meta-analysis. Original observational studies assessing the association between MS and PD in adults, published before May 11th (2017), were identified through electronic searches of MEDLINE, EMBASE and Cochrane Library databases. The PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) guideline was used. For studies to be included, they had to mention the criteria used to diagnose MS and to have used at least one clinical measure to diagnose PD. There was no language restriction. Three reviewers independently identified eligible studies for possible inclusion in the systematic review and meta-analysis. The quality of the studies was evaluated by the Newcastle-Ottawa scale for observational studies. A random model meta-analysis was conducted. The strategies used to investigate heterogeneity were sequential analysis, subgroup analysis, univariate meta-regression and sensitivity analysis. Thirty-three studies met the inclusion criteria for the systematic review, and 26 had enough information to be included in the meta-analysis, totaling 52,504 patients. MS and PD were associated with an odds ratio of 1.38 (95%CI 1.26-1.51; I2 = 92.7%; p < 0.001). Subgroup analysis showed that complete periodontal examination (I2 = 70.6%; p < 0.001) partially explained the variability between studies. The present findings suggest an association between MS and PD. Individuals with MS are 38% more likely to present PD than individuals without this condition. Prospective studies should be conducted to establish cause and effect relations between MS and PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luciana Dondonis Daudt
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul - UFRGS, Dental School, Department of Periodontology, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | | | - Marina Mendez
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul - UFRGS, Dental School, Department of Periodontology, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Luciana Loss Reck Remonti
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul - UFRGS, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Division of Endocrinology, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Cristiane Bauermann Leitão
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul - UFRGS, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Division of Endocrinology, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Jorge Luiz Gross
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul - UFRGS, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Division of Endocrinology, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Patricia Weidlich
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul - UFRGS, Dental School, Department of Periodontology, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Rui Vicente Oppermann
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul - UFRGS, Dental School, Department of Periodontology, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
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Pelino JEP, Passero A, Martin AA, Charles CA. In vitro effects of alcohol-containing mouthwashes on human enamel and restorative materials. Braz Oral Res 2018; 32:e25. [PMID: 29561951 DOI: 10.1590/1807-3107bor-2018.vol32.0025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2017] [Accepted: 02/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to evaluate the in vitro effects, including surface morphological characteristics and chemical elemental properties, of different mouthwash formulations on enamel and dental restorative materials, simulating up to 6 months of daily use. Human enamel samples, hydroxyapatite, composite resin, and ceramic surfaces were exposed to 3 different mouthwashes according to label directions - Listerine® Cool Mint®, Listerine® Total Care, and Listerine® Whitening - versus control (hydroalcohol solution) to simulate daily use for up to 6 months. The samples were analyzed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), infrared spectrophotometry (µ-Fourier transform infrared microscopy), energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectroscopy, and color analysis before and after exposure. No relevant changes were observed in the morphological characteristics of the surfaces using SEM techniques. The physical and chemical aspects of the enamel surfaces were evaluated using mid-infrared spectroscopy, and EDX fluorescence was used to evaluate the elemental aspects of each surface. There was no variation in the relative concentrations of calcium and phosphorus in enamel, silicon and barium in composite resin, and silicon and aluminum in the ceramic material before and after treatment. No relevant changes were detected in the biochemical and color properties of any specimen, except with Listerine® Whitening mouthwash, which demonstrated a whitening effect on enamel surfaces. Long-term exposure to low pH, alcohol-containing, and peroxide-containing mouthwash formulations caused no ultra-structural or chemical elemental changes in human enamel or dental restorative materials in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alan Passero
- Johnson & Johnson Consumer, Inc., São José dos Campos, SP, Brazil
| | - Airton Abrahao Martin
- Universidade do Vale do Paraíba - Univap, Physics Institute, São José dos Campos, SP, Brazil
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Grellmann AP, Kantorski KZ, Ardenghi TM, Moreira CHC, Danesi CC, Zanatta FB. Dental flossing as a diagnostic method for proximal gingivitis: a validation study. Braz Oral Res 2016; 30:S1806-83242016000100257. [PMID: 27223134 DOI: 10.1590/1807-3107bor-2016.vol30.0068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2015] [Accepted: 02/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
This study evaluated the clinical diagnosis of proximal gingivitis by comparing two methods: dental flossing and the gingival bleeding index (GBI). One hundred subjects (aged at least 18 years, with 15% of positive proximal sites for GBI, without proximal attachment loss) were randomized into five evaluation protocols. Each protocol consisted of two assessments with a 10-minute interval between them: first GBI/second floss, first floss/second GBI, first GBI/second GBI, first tooth floss/second floss, and first gum floss-second floss. The dental floss was slid against the tooth surface (TF) and the gingival tissue (GF). The evaluated proximal sites should present teeth with established point of contact and probing depth ≤ 3mm. One trained and calibrated examiner performed all the assessments. The mean percentages of agreement and disagreement were calculated for the sites with gingival bleeding in both evaluation methods (GBI and flossing). The primary outcome was the percentage of disagreement between the assessments in the different protocols. The data were analyzed by one-way ANOVA, McNemar, chi-square and Tukey's post hoc tests, with a 5% significance level. When gingivitis was absent in the first assessment (negative GBI), bleeding was detected in the second assessment by TF and GF in 41.7% (p < 0.001) and 50.7% (p < 0.001) of the sites, respectively. In the absence of gingivitis in the second assessment (negative GBI), TF and GF detected bleeding in the first assessment in 38.9% (p = 0.004) and 58.3% (p < 0.001) of the sites, respectively. TF and GF appears to be a better diagnostic indicator of proximal gingivitis than GBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Pascotini Grellmann
- Universidade Federal de Santa Maria - UFSM, School of Dentistry, Department of Stomatology, Periodontics, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Karla Zanini Kantorski
- Universidade Federal de Santa Maria - UFSM, School of Dentistry, Department of Stomatology, Periodontics, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Thiago Machado Ardenghi
- Universidade Federal de Santa Maria - UFSM, School of Dentistry, Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Carlos Heitor Cunha Moreira
- Universidade Federal de Santa Maria - UFSM, School of Dentistry, Department of Stomatology, Periodontics, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Cristiane Cademartori Danesi
- Universidade Federal de Santa Maria - UFSM, School of Dentistry, Department of Pathology, Oral Pathology, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Fabricio Batistin Zanatta
- Universidade Federal de Santa Maria - UFSM, School of Dentistry, Department of Stomatology, Periodontics, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
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Rosing CK, Cavagni J, Gaio EJ, Muniz FWMG, Oballe HJR, Ranzan N, Friedrich SA, Severo RM, Gittins E, Stewart B, Zhang YP. Efficacy of two soft-bristle toothbrushes in plaque removal: a randomized controlled trial. Braz Oral Res 2016; 30:e134. [PMID: 27849214 DOI: 10.1590/1807-3107bor-2016.vol30.0134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2016] [Accepted: 10/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to compare the efficacy in supragingival plaque removal of two soft-bristle toothbrushes. Seventy volunteers were allocated randomly to the Colgate Slim Soft or Curaprox CS5460 toothbrush grourps. At baseline appointment, volunteers underwent plaque examination using the Rustogi Modification of the Navy Plaque Index. Under supervision, they then brushed their teeth for 1minute with their assigned toothbrushes and the plaque examination was repeated. Volunteers performed daily oral hygiene with their assigned toothbrush and a regular dentifrice provided by the researchers for 7 days. The baseline experimental procedures were then repeated. Separate analyses of variance were performed for the whole-mouth, interproximal, and gumline plaque scores (p < 0.05). No difference in baseline pre-brushing scores was found between groups. After a single toothbrushing, the mean plaque score was significantly reduced in both groups (p < 0.05), with greater reduction of whole-mouth and interproximal plaque scores observed in the SlimSoft group compared with the Curaprox group (p < 0.05). After 7 days, the SlimSoft group showed greater reduction of the whole-mouth and interproximal plaque scores compared with the Curaprox group (p < 0.05). In conclusion, the SlimSoft toothbrush presented greater efficacy in supragingival plaque removal than did the Curaprox CS5460 toothbrush, as reflected by whole-mouth and interproximal plaque scores.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cassiano Kuchenbecker Rosing
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul - UFRGS, School of Dentistry, Department of Periodontology, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Juliano Cavagni
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul - UFRGS, School of Dentistry, Department of Periodontology, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Eduardo José Gaio
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul - UFRGS, School of Dentistry, Department of Periodontology, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | | | - Harry Juan Rivera Oballe
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul - UFRGS, School of Dentistry, Department of Periodontology, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Nicolle Ranzan
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul - UFRGS, School of Dentistry, Department of Periodontology, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | | | - Raísa Maldonado Severo
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul - UFRGS, School of Dentistry, Department of Periodontology, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | | | - Bernal Stewart
- Colgate-Palmolive Technology Center, Piscataway, NJ, USA
| | - Yun Po Zhang
- Colgate-Palmolive Technology Center, Piscataway, NJ, USA
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Morales A, Carvajal P, Silva N, Hernandez M, Godoy C, Rodriguez G, Cabello R, Garcia-Sesnich J, Hoare A, Diaz PI, Gamonal J. Clinical Effects of Lactobacillus rhamnosus in Non-Surgical Treatment of Chronic Periodontitis: A Randomized Placebo-Controlled Trial With 1-Year Follow-Up. J Periodontol 2016; 87:944-52. [DOI: 10.1902/jop.2016.150665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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Enfermedades periodontales como un problema de salud pública: el desafío del nivel primario de atención en salud. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.piro.2016.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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11
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Noh EJ, Kang MJ, Jeong YJ, Lee JY, Park JH, Choi HJ, Oh SM, Lee KB, Kim DJ, Shin JA, Cho SD, Park JH. Withaferin A inhibits inflammatory responses induced by Fusobacterium nucleatum and Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans in macrophages. Mol Med Rep 2016; 14:983-8. [PMID: 27220676 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2016.5326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2015] [Accepted: 04/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Periodontitis is a progressive chronic inflammatory disease and a major cause of tooth loss in humans. As a withanolides, withaferin A (WA) is known to exhibit strong anti‑inflammatory activity. The present study examined whether WA inhibited inflammatory responses in macrophages in response to two representative periodontal pathogens, Fusobacterium nucleatum and Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans. Murine bone marrow‑derived macrophages (BMDMs) were used in this study and cytokine production in culture supernatants was measured by enzyme‑linked immunosorbent assays. Western blot analysis was performed to determine the activation of nuclear factor‑κB and mitogen‑activated protein kinases (MAPKs) and the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), toll‑like receptor (TLR) 2 and TLR4. The production of nitric oxide (NO) was determined by the Griess reaction. WA treatment was shown to decrease interleukin (IL)‑6 and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)‑α production in BMDMs in response to F. nucleatum and A. actinomycetemcomitans in a dose‑dependent manner. The phosphorylation of IκB‑α and MAPKs (p38, extracellular signal‑regulated kinases and c‑Jun N‑terminal kinases) induced by F. nucleatum and A. actinomycetemcomitans was also inhibited by WA. F. nucleatum and A. actinomycetemcomitans induced iNOS expression and NO production in BMDMs, which was inhibited by WA in a dose‑dependent manner. WA also reduced endogenous and induced expression of TLR2 and TLR4 in these cells. These results suggest that WA may be a potential therapeutic agent or preventive additive for periodontitis control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eui-Jeong Noh
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Konyang University, Daejeon 302‑718, Republic of Korea
| | - Ming-Jung Kang
- Laboratory of Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine and BK21 Project Team, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 500‑757, Republic of Korea
| | - Yu-Jin Jeong
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Konyang University, Daejeon 302‑718, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun-Young Lee
- Laboratory of Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine and BK21 Project Team, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 500‑757, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Hwan Park
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Konyang University, Daejeon 302‑718, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye-Jin Choi
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Konyang University, Daejeon 302‑718, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Muk Oh
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Konyang University, Daejeon 302‑718, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung-Bok Lee
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Konyang University, Daejeon 302‑718, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Jae Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Konyang University, Daejeon 302‑718, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Ae Shin
- Department of Oral Pathology, School of Dentistry, Institute of Oral Bioscience, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, North Jeolla 561‑756, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Dae Cho
- Department of Oral Pathology, School of Dentistry, Institute of Oral Bioscience, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, North Jeolla 561‑756, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Hwan Park
- Laboratory of Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine and BK21 Project Team, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 500‑757, Republic of Korea
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12
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Oliveira SC, Slot DE, Celeste RK, Abegg C, Keijser BJF, Van der Weijden FA. Correlations between two different methods to score bleeding and the relationship with plaque in systemically healthy young adults. J Clin Periodontol 2015. [PMID: 26212602 DOI: 10.1111/jcpe.12435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
AIM To evaluate the correlation between bleeding on marginal probing (BOMP) and bleeding on pocket probing (BOPP), and the correlation of both bleeding indices with plaque. MATERIALS AND METHODS This cross-sectional study screened 336 participants, from which 268 were eligible for examination and analysis. Bleeding and plaque indices were assessed by single examiners, at six sites per tooth. RESULTS The mean percentage of sites per individual with bleeding on marginal probing, bleeding on pocket probing and dental plaque were 19.9%, 51.2% and 32.2% respectively. In the quadrants where the margin was probed before the pocket, a 4.6 percentage points higher bleeding tendency with BOPP was observed (p < 0.05). At a site level, the correlation coefficients of plaque and bleeding on marginal probing and bleeding on pocket probing were 0.19 and 0.20 respectively. Both bleeding indices were also shown to be correlated (r = 0.89, fixed effect model). CONCLUSION The prevalence of bleeding upon probing is influenced by the scoring method that is used for the diagnosis. Probing the bottom of the pocket results in significantly more bleeding than running a probe along the margin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Cioccari Oliveira
- Department of Periodontology, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam and Vrije University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Social and Preventive Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Dagmar E Slot
- Department of Periodontology, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam and Vrije University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Roger Keller Celeste
- Department of Social and Preventive Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Claides Abegg
- Department of Social and Preventive Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Bart J F Keijser
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam and Vrije University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Microbial Genomics Group, TNO Quality of Life, Business Unit Food and Biotechnology Innovations, Zeist, The Netherlands
| | - Fridus A Van der Weijden
- Department of Periodontology, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam and Vrije University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Comparison of different criteria for periodontitis case definition in head and neck cancer individuals. Support Care Cancer 2015; 23:2599-604. [PMID: 25617990 DOI: 10.1007/s00520-015-2618-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2014] [Accepted: 01/13/2015] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Different periodontitis case definitions have been used in clinical research and epidemiology. The aim of this study was to determine more accurate criterion for the definition of mild and moderate periodontitis case to be applied to head and neck cancer individuals before radiotherapy. METHODS The frequency of periodontitis in a sample of 84 individuals was determined according to different diagnostic criteria: (1) Lopez et al. (2002);(2) Hujoel et al. (2006); (3) Beck et al. (1990); (4) Machtei et al. (1992); (5) Tonetti and Claffey (2005); (6) and Page and Eke (2007). All diagnosis were based on the clinical parameters obtained by a single calibrated examiner (Kw = 0.71). The individuals were evaluated before radiotherapy. They received oral hygiene instructions, and the cases diagnosed with periodontitis (Page and Eke 2007) were treated. The gold standard was the definition 6, and the others were compared by means of agreement, sensitivity (SS), specificity (SP), and the area under ROC curve. The kappa test evaluated the agreement between definitions. RESULTS The frequency of periodontitis at baseline was 53.6 % (definition 1), 81.0 % (definition 2), 40.5 % (definition 3), 26.2 % (definition 4), 13.1 % (definition 5), and 70.2 % (definition 6). The kappa test showed a moderate agreement between definitions 6 and 2 (59.0 %) and definitions 6 and 1 (56.0 %). The criterion with higher SS (0.92) and SP (0.73) was definition 1. CONCLUSION Definition 1 was the most accurate criterion to case periodontitis definition to be applied to head and neck cancer individuals.
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Botero JE, Rösing CK, Duque A, Jaramillo A, Contreras A. Periodontal disease in children and adolescents of Latin America. Periodontol 2000 2014; 67:34-57. [DOI: 10.1111/prd.12072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/03/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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Oppermann RV, Haas AN, Rösing CK, Susin C. Epidemiology of periodontal diseases in adults from Latin America. Periodontol 2000 2014; 67:13-33. [DOI: 10.1111/prd.12061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/23/2014] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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Kassebaum NJ, Bernabé E, Dahiya M, Bhandari B, Murray CJL, Marcenes W. Global burden of severe periodontitis in 1990-2010: a systematic review and meta-regression. J Dent Res 2014; 93:1045-53. [PMID: 25261053 DOI: 10.1177/0022034514552491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1234] [Impact Index Per Article: 123.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
We aimed to consolidate all epidemiologic data about severe periodontitis (SP) and, subsequently, to generate internally consistent prevalence and incidence estimates for all countries, 20 age groups, and both sexes for 1990 and 2010. The systematic search of the literature yielded 6,394 unique citations. After screening titles and abstracts, we excluded 5,881 citations as clearly not relevant to this systematic review, leaving 513 for full-text review. A further 441 publications were excluded following the validity assessment. A total of 72 studies, including 291,170 individuals aged 15 yr or older in 37 countries, were included in the metaregression based on modeling resources of the Global Burden of Disease 2010 Study. SP was the sixth-most prevalent condition in the world. Between 1990 and 2010, the global age-standardized prevalence of SP was static at 11.2% (95% uncertainty interval: 10.4%-11.9% in 1990 and 10.5%-12.0% in 2010). The age-standardized incidence of SP in 2010 was 701 cases per 100,000 person-years (95% uncertainty interval: 599-823), a nonsignificant increase from the 1990 incidence of SP. Prevalence increased gradually with age, showing a steep increase between the third and fourth decades of life that was driven by a peak in incidence at around 38 yr of age. There were considerable variations in prevalence and incidence between regions and countries. Policy makers need to be aware of a predictable increasing burden of SP due to the growing world population associated with an increasing life expectancy and a significant decrease in the prevalence of total tooth loss throughout the world from 1990 to 2010.
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Affiliation(s)
- N J Kassebaum
- Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - E Bernabé
- Division of Population and Patient Health, King's College London Dental Institute, London, UK
| | - M Dahiya
- Institute of Dentistry, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - B Bhandari
- Division of Population and Patient Health, King's College London Dental Institute, London, UK
| | - C J L Murray
- Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - W Marcenes
- Institute of Dentistry, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
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HAAS AN, PANNUTI CM, ANDRADE AKPD, ESCOBAR EC, ALMEIDA ERD, COSTA FO, CORTELLI JR, CORTELLI SC, RODE SDM, PEDRAZZI V, OPPERMANN RV. Mouthwashes for the control of supragingival biofilm and gingivitis in orthodontic patients: evidence-based recommendations for clinicians. Braz Oral Res 2014; 28:1-8. [DOI: 10.1590/1807-3107bor-2014.vol28.0021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2013] [Accepted: 04/28/2014] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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Common periodontal diseases of children and adolescents. Int J Dent 2014; 2014:850674. [PMID: 25053946 PMCID: PMC4098882 DOI: 10.1155/2014/850674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2014] [Accepted: 04/29/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background. Since 2000, studies, experiments, and clinical observations revealed high prevalence of periodontal diseases among children and adolescents. Therefore, this paper was designed to provide an update for dental practitioners on epidemiology, microbiology, pathology, prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of periodontal diseases in children and adolescents. Methods. This paper reviews the current literature concerning periodontal diseases in pediatric dentistry. It includes MEDLINE database search using key terms: “periodontal diseases in children,” “Periodontal diseasesin adolescents,” “periodontal diseases risk factors,”
“microbiology of periodontal diseases,” “classification of periodontal diseases,” “epidemiology of periodontal diseases,” and “treatment of periodontal diseases.” Articles were evaluated by title and/or abstract and relevance to pediatric dentistry. Sixty-five citations were selected by this method and by the references within the chosen articles. A review of the comprehensive textbooks on pediatric dentistry and periodontology was done. Some recommendations were based on the opinions of experienced researchers and clinicians, when data were inconclusive.
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Bankur PK, Nayak A, Bhat K, Bankur R, Naik R, Rajpoot N. Comparison of culture and polymerase chain reaction techniques in the identification of Tannerella forsythia in periodontal health and disease, an in vitro study. J Indian Soc Periodontol 2014; 18:155-60. [PMID: 24872621 PMCID: PMC4033879 DOI: 10.4103/0972-124x.131312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2013] [Accepted: 10/28/2013] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Various bacterial species from subgingival biofilm have demonstrated aetiological relevance in the initiation and progression of periodontitis. The aim of this study was to detect the presence of Tannerella forsythia (Tf) in subgingival plaque of periodontally healthy subjects and chronic periodontitis patients by using both culture and PCR technique and compare the two techniques. Materials and Methods: Pooled subgingival plaque samples were taken using sterile curettes from predetermined sites in 50 periodontally healthy subjects and from 50 periodontitis subjects. Samples were analyzed for the presence of T. forsythia using both techniques. Statistical analysis of the results was done using Chi-square test, sensitivity, and specificity tests. Results: Both techniques could detect T. forsythia in subgingival plaque samples from healthy and periodontitis subjects. Periodontally healthy individuals and individuals with chronic periodontitis using the culture technique showed the presence of T. forsythia in 14 and 34%, respectively. PCR technique showed the presence of T. forsythia in 20% healthy and 40% chronic periodontitis patients. T. forsythia detection in the periodontitis group was statistically significantly higher when compared to the healthy group by both culture and PCR technique (P = 0.019 and P = 0.029). PCR demonstrated high sensitivity and low specificity when compared to the culture technique. Conclusion: The results indicated that T. forsythia was more prevalent in periodontitis patients when compared with healthy subjects. The PCR was found to be more sensitive than culture technique for detection of T. forsythia from the subgingival plaque samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Praveen Kumar Bankur
- Department of Periodontology, Guru Gobind Singh College of Dental Sciences and Research Centre, Burhanpur, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Aarati Nayak
- Department of Periodontology, Maratha Mandal's NGH Institute of Dental Sciences and Research Centre, Belgaum, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Kishore Bhat
- Department of Periodontology, Maratha Mandal's NGH Institute of Dental Sciences and Research Centre, Belgaum, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Rashmi Bankur
- Department of Oral Pathology, M. R. Ambedkar Dental College and Hospital, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Reshma Naik
- Department of Oral Pathology, Sathyadeep Dental Clinic, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Nami Rajpoot
- Department of Periodontology, Maratha Mandal's NGH Institute of Dental Sciences and Research Centre, Belgaum, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
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Levin L, Margvelashvili V, Bilder L, Kalandadze M, Tsintsadze N, Machtei EE. Periodontal status among adolescents in Georgia. A pathfinder study. PeerJ 2013; 1:e137. [PMID: 24109543 PMCID: PMC3792173 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2013] [Accepted: 07/30/2013] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives. The aim of the present pathfinder study was to screen and map the periodontal status of Georgian population in accordance with the guidelines of the World Health Organization for population based surveys. Methods. During 2012, a pathfinder study was conducted to collect this data. For the periodontal portion of the study, 15-year-old school children were examined in the capital city of Tbilisi as well as in two other large cities and 4 smaller villages. All participants were examined by a trained dental team in a classroom using a dental mirror and a periodontal probe. Periodontal examination included plaque scores, calculus scores, probing depth measurements and bleeding on probing. These measurements were recorded for the Ramfjord index teeth. Results. A total of 397 15-year-old participants were examined in this pathfinder study. There were 240 females (60.45%) and 157 males (39.55%). Of the total participants 196 (49.37%) were urban adolescents while 201 (50.63%) were from rural communities. Mean probing depth was 3.34 ± 0.57 mm with a range of 1 to 10 mm; a relatively high proportion (34.26%) of these subjects presented with at least one site with pockets of 5 mm or deeper. Males presented with greater plaque, calculus and probing depths than females. When urban and rural populations were compared, urban participants presented with more plaque, probing depths and bleeding on probing. Greater pocket depths were found to be related to the presence of plaque calculus and bleeding on probing. Conclusions. Overall, rather high incidences of periodontal pockets ≥ 5 mm were detected in this population. This data should serve to prepare further more detailed epidemiological studies that will serve to plan and implement prevent and treat strategies for periodontal diseases in Georgia and also help make manpower decisions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liran Levin
- Department of Periodontology, School of Graduate Dentistry , Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa , Israel ; Faculty of Medicine, Technion, Israel Institute of Technology , Haifa , Israel
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Montenegro MM, Flores MF, Colussi PRG, Oppermann RV, Haas AN, Rösing CK. Factors associated with self-reported use of mouthwashes in southern Brazil in 1996 and 2009. Int J Dent Hyg 2013; 12:103-7. [DOI: 10.1111/idh.12052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/25/2013] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- MM Montenegro
- Department of Periodontology; Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul; Porto Alegre Brazil
| | - MF Flores
- Department of Periodontology; Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul; Porto Alegre Brazil
| | - PRG Colussi
- Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul; Porto Alegre Brazil
- Department of Periodontology; University of Passo Fundo; Passo Fundo Brazil
| | - RV Oppermann
- Department of Periodontology; Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul; Porto Alegre Brazil
| | - AN Haas
- Department of Periodontology; Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul; Porto Alegre Brazil
| | - CK Rösing
- Department of Periodontology; Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul; Porto Alegre Brazil
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Freires IDA, Alves LA, Ferreira GLS, Jovito VDC, de Castro RD, Cavalcanti AL. A Randomized Clinical Trial of Schinus terebinthifolius Mouthwash to Treat Biofilm-Induced Gingivitis. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE : ECAM 2013; 2013:873907. [PMID: 23843886 PMCID: PMC3703368 DOI: 10.1155/2013/873907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2013] [Revised: 05/03/2013] [Accepted: 05/07/2013] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Objectives. This study aimed to investigate the efficacy of a Schinus terebinthifolius (ST) mouthwash in reducing gingival inflammation levels (GI) and biofilm accumulation (BA) in children with gingivitis. Methods. This was a randomized, controlled, triple blind, and phase II clinical trial, with children aged 9-13 years (n = 27) presenting with biofilm-induced gingivitis. The sample was randomized into experimental (0.3125% ST, n = 14) and control (0.12% chlorhexidine/CHX, n = 13) groups. Products were masked as regards color, flavor and aroma. Intervention protocol consisted in supervised rinsing of 10 mL/day for 01 minute for 10 days. Gingival bleeding and simplified oral hygiene indexes were used to assess the efficacy variables, measured at baseline and after intervention by calibrated examiners. Data were statistically treated with paired t-test, unpaired t-test, and Wilcoxon and Mann-Whitney tests ( α = .05). Results. It was found that both ST and CHX were able to significantly reduce GI levels after 10 days (P < 0.001) and there was no significant difference between them (P > 0.05). CHX was the only product able to significantly reduce BA after 10 days when compared to baseline (P < 0.05). Conclusion. ST mouthwash showed significant anti-inflammatory activity (equivalent to CHX), but it was not able to reduce biofilm accumulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irlan de Almeida Freires
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Piracicaba Dental School, State University of Campinas, 13.417-095 Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
| | - Livia Araújo Alves
- Department of Oral Diagnosis, Piracicaba Dental School, State University of Campinas, 13.417-095 Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
| | | | | | - Ricardo Dias de Castro
- Department of Clinics and Social Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Paraiba, 58.038-040 Joao Pessoa, PB, Brazil
| | - Alessandro Leite Cavalcanti
- Department of Dentistry, School of Dentistry, State University of Paraiba, 58.038-300 Campina Grande, PB, Brazil
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Bonfim MDLC, Mattos FF, Ferreira EFE, Campos ACV, Vargas AMD. Social determinants of health and periodontal disease in Brazilian adults: a cross-sectional study. BMC Oral Health 2013; 13:22. [PMID: 23688161 PMCID: PMC3663668 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6831-13-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2013] [Accepted: 05/07/2013] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recently, increasing importance has been placed on the social determinants of health and disease. The present study aimed to determine the prevalence of periodontal disease in Brazilian adults and identify possible relationships with social determinants. METHODS A cross-sectional study was performed using a sample of 743 adults (aged 35-49 years) living in an urban area of a large city in southeastern Brazil. The condition of the periodontium was assessed using the Community Periodontal Index (CPI) according to the diagnostic criteria established by the World Health Organization (WHO). The variables related to social determinants were collected using a structured questionnaire. A descriptive analysis of all study variables was performed. Multiple correspondence analysis was subsequently performed to identify relationships between periodontal disease and the social determinants of health. RESULTS The periodontal exams showed that 36.5% of adults had a healthy periodontium, 2.0% had gingival bleeding, 47.1% had calculus and 9.5% had periodontal pockets of 4-5 mm. Periodontal pockets of 6 mm or more were the worst periodontal condition found (affecting only 2.1% of the participants). The correspondence analysis enabled us to form three groups with different profiles. The first group was distinguished by the presence of bleeding (gingivitis) or a healthy periodontium. The members of this group were typically aged 35 to 39 years and had 9-12 years or more than 12 years of education. The second group consisted of subjects with calculus and periodontal pockets of 4-5 mm. The members of this group were typically white men aged 40-44 years with incomes greater than $ 300.00. The third group was distinguished by the presence of periodontal pockets of 6 mm or more. The members of this group were typically adult females, black and mixed individuals who had 8 years or less of schooling, individuals with incomes ≤ $ 300.00 and widowers. CONCLUSION The results suggest that periodontal health is worse in the group for which the social indicators are worse. Therefore, the social determinants of health also affect the severity of periodontal disease in adults Brazilian society.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Flavio Freitas Mattos
- Department of Community and Preventive Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Efigênia Ferreira e Ferreira
- Department of Community and Preventive Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Ana Cristina Viana Campos
- Postgradute Program in Dentistry, Department of Community and Preventive Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Andréa Maria Duarte Vargas
- Department of Community and Preventive Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
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Gondim V, Aun J, Fukuda CT, Takayama L, Latorre MDR, Pannuti CM, Rodrigues Pereira RM, Romito GA. Severe Loss of Clinical Attachment Level: An Independent Association With Low Hip Bone Mineral Density in Postmenopausal Females. J Periodontol 2013; 84:352-9. [DOI: 10.1902/jop.2012.120090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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Angst PDM, Dutra DAM, Moreira CHC, Kantorski KZ. Periodontal status and its correlation with haematological parameters in patients with leukaemia. J Clin Periodontol 2012; 39:1003-10. [PMID: 22909091 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-051x.2012.01936.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/28/2012] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
AIM This cross-sectional study evaluated periodontal status in patients with leukaemia and its correlation with haematological parameters. METHODS Patients with different types of leukaemia and minimum age of 14 years were eligible. Calibrated examiners assessed Seymour index (SI), plaque index (PlI), gingival index (GI), probing depth (PD), bleeding on probing (BOP) and clinical attachment loss (CAL) and performed an interview. Haematological parameters were obtained from haemogram performed on the same day of the periodontal examinations. RESULTS Sixty-eight patients were evaluated, which corresponded to an 85% response rate. Periodontal parameters were in agreement with plaque accumulation (PlI 1.28 ± 0.5, GI 0.74 ± 0.4, PD 2.27 ± 0.6, BOP 33%, CAL 2.31 ± 1.6). PlI and CAL were statistically lower in acute leukaemia (1.13 ± 0.61 and 1.96 ± 1.7) in comparison with chronic leukaemia (1.46 ± 0.44 and 2.74 ± 1.4). Moreover, older age (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.27-1.56), higher educational level (CI: -1.94 to -0.64) and smoker (CI: 0.39-1.96) were associated with CAL. Correlation between periodontal and haematological parameters was not observed. Correlations between GI x SI and PD x SI were statistically significant (r(S) = 0.390, p = 0.001; r(S) = 0.517, p = 0.000 respectively). CONCLUSIONS Periodontal parameters were consistent with plaque accumulation and did not correlate with haematological parameters irrespective of the leukaemia type.
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Andia DC, Letra A, Casarin RCV, Casati MZ, Line SRP, de Souza AP. Genetic analysis of the IL8 gene polymorphism (rs4073) in generalized aggressive periodontitis. Arch Oral Biol 2012; 58:211-7. [PMID: 22727395 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2012.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2012] [Revised: 04/14/2012] [Accepted: 05/21/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Interleukin (IL)-8 is an important chemokine for regulation of the inflammatory response. A single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) reference sequence (rs) 4073 in the IL8 gene has been shown to regulate IL-8 levels after stimulation with lipopolysaccharide. This study investigates the transmission pattern of the IL8 rs4073 risk allele A and its association with susceptibility to aggressive periodontitis (AgP) in families and in a case-control cohort of unrelated individuals from a Brazilian population. DESIGN Genotyping was performed by standard polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism assay (PCR-RFLP) in 13 nuclear families and 184 unrelated subjects. Statistical analysis was performed using the transmission disequilibrium test (TDT) for the family dataset and Chi-square test and multivariate logistic regression modelling for the case-control dataset. RESULTS TDT analyses did not detect evidence of over transmission of IL8 rs4073 alleles in affected and unaffected family members (allele T: 52%; allele A: 48%; p=0.2252). How expected, analyses of cases and unrelated controls showed a significant and inverse association of age with AgP; however, a lack of association between genotypes, ethnic groups and generalized AgP was observed. CONCLUSIONS The SNP (rs4073) was not associated with AgP in unrelated individuals and there is no evidence of over transmission of the alleles in families with AgP, from Brazilian individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denise Carleto Andia
- Department of Morphology, Division of Histology, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Ariadne Letra
- Department of Endodontics, School of Dentistry, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Renato Corrêa Viana Casarin
- Department of Prosthodontics and Periodontics, Division of Periodontics, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marcio Zaffalon Casati
- Department of Prosthodontics and Periodontics, Division of Periodontics, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Sergio Roberto Peres Line
- Department of Morphology, Division of Histology, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ana Paula de Souza
- Department of Morphology, Division of Histology, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil
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Gaio EJ, Haas AN, Carrard VC, Oppermann RV, Albandar J, Susin C. Oral health status in elders from South Brazil: a population-based study. Gerodontology 2012; 29:214-23. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1741-2358.2011.00617.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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29
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Peres MA, Peres KG, Cascaes AM, Correa MB, Demarco FF, Hallal PC, Horta BL, Gigante DP, Menezes AB. Validity of partial protocols to assess the prevalence of periodontal outcomes and associated sociodemographic and behavior factors in adolescents and young adults. J Periodontol 2012; 83:369-78. [PMID: 21859320 PMCID: PMC3605763 DOI: 10.1902/jop.2011.110250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Most studies comparing prevalence of periodontal disease and risk factors by using partial protocols were performed in adult populations, with several studies being conducted in clinical settings. The aim of this study is to assess the accuracy of partial protocols in estimating the prevalence of periodontal outcomes in adolescents and young adults from two population-based birth cohorts from Pelotas, Brazil, and to assess differences in the estimation and strength of the effect measures when partial protocols are adopted compared to full-mouth examination. METHODS Gingival bleeding at probing among adolescents (n = 339) and young adults (n = 720) and dental calculus and periodontal probing depth among young adults were assessed using full-mouth examinations and four partial protocols: Ramfjord teeth (RT), community periodontal index (CPI), and two random diagonal quadrants (1 and 3, 2 and 4). Socioeconomic, demographic, and periodontal health-related variables were also collected. Sensitivity, absolute and relative bias, and inflation factors were calculated. Prevalence ratio for each periodontal outcome for the risk factors was estimated. RESULTS Two diagonal quadrants showed better accuracy; RT had the worst, whereas CPI presented an intermediate pattern when compared to full-mouth examination. For bleeding assessment in adolescence, RT and CPI underestimated by 18.4% and 16.2%, respectively, the true outcome prevalence, whereas among young adults, all partial protocols underestimated the prevalence. All partial protocols presented similar magnitude of association measures for all investigated periodontal potential risk factors. CONCLUSION Two diagonal quadrants protocol may be effective in identifying the risk factors for the most relevant periodontal outcomes in adolescence and in young adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco A Peres
- Research Group in Oral Epidemiology and Public Health Dentistry, Postgraduate Program in Public Health, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil.
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Rode SDM, Gimenez X, Montoya VC, Gómez M, Blanc SLD, Medina M, Salinas E, Pedroza J, Zaldivar-Chiapa RM, Pannuti CM, Cortelli JR, Oppermann RV. Daily biofilm control and oral health: consensus on the epidemiological challenge - Latin American Advisory Panel. Braz Oral Res 2012; 26 Suppl 1:133-43. [DOI: 10.1590/s1806-83242012000700020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2012] [Accepted: 09/11/2012] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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Colussi PRG, Haas AN, Oppermann RV, Rösing CK. Factors associated with changes in self-reported dentifrice consumption in a brazilian group from 1996 and 2009. Braz Dent J 2012; 23:737-45. [DOI: 10.1590/s0103-64402012000600019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2012] [Accepted: 12/05/2012] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the study was to determine factors associated with changes in self-reported dentifrice consumption in an urban population group over 13 years. This study evaluated two surveys of 671 and 688 households sampled in the urban area of a city from Southern Brazil in 1996 and 2009, respectively. The mother of the family was asked to answer a structured questionnaire about demographics, socioeconomic and behavioral variables. The primary outcome was obtained by questioning "how long does a dentifrice tube last in your house?" The cut-off point of duration was less than 1 month. It was used to determine high consumption of dentifrice (HCD). Associations between HCD and independent variables were evaluated by multivariable Poisson regression. There was a significant decrease of 20% (81.2% to 61.2%) in the prevalence of HCD between 1996 and 2009, resulting in a crude annual decrease of 1.54%. Mother's age, family income, dental assistance, mother's brushing frequency and number of household members that use a toothbrush were significantly associated with HCD independent from the year of survey. The prevalence ratio (PR) of HCD for the year of survey was 0.75, indicating an overall decrease of 25% in the probability of HCD from 1996 to 2009. Probabilities of HCD also decreased over the 13 years among the strata of education, number of household members and reason for choice of dentifrice. It may be concluded that the factors associated with the observed decrease were higher educational levels, larger number of household members and reasons for choosing a dentifrice related to preventive/therapeutic effects.
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Haas AN, Gaio EJ, Oppermann RV, Rösing CK, Albandar JM, Susin C. Pattern and rate of progression of periodontal attachment loss in an urban population of South Brazil: a 5-years population-based prospective study. J Clin Periodontol 2011; 39:1-9. [PMID: 22093104 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-051x.2011.01818.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/07/2011] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
AIM The aim of this 5-years longitudinal study was to investigate the pattern and rate of periodontal attachment loss (PAL) progression in an urban population in South Brazil. METHODS In 2001, a multistage probability sampling strategy was used to derive a representative sample of 1,465 dentate individuals from Porto Alegre, Brazil. Five years later, 697 dentate individuals (294M/403F, mean age: 37.9 ± 13.3) were available for follow-up. PAL was assessed by calibrated examiners using a full-mouth protocol. Estimates of proximal PAL progression and standard errors (SE) are reported. RESULTS Fifty-six per cent (SE: 1.9) and 36% (SE: 1.8) of subjects showed PAL progression ≥3 mm affecting ≥2 and ≥4 teeth respectively. PAL progression ≥3 mm was mostly localized affecting 3.8 (SE: 0.2) teeth and 5.7 (SE: 0.3) sites. Annual PAL progression was, on average, 0.3 mm (SE: 0.01). Significant differences in PAL progression were observed according to age, gender, race and socioeconomic status. PAL progression increased with age reaching the highest progression rate in the 40-49 years cohort, and then decreased in older age groups. PAL progression was consistently higher among males and non-Whites than females and whites. CONCLUSION A large proportion of this urban Brazilian sample was affected by PAL progression underscoring the need for health promotion initiatives aiming at preventing progression of destructive periodontal disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex Nogueira Haas
- Department of Periodontology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil.
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Colussi PRG, Haas AN, Oppermann RV, Rösing CK. Consumo de dentifrício e fatores associados em um grupo populacional brasileiro. CAD SAUDE PUBLICA 2011; 27:546-54. [DOI: 10.1590/s0102-311x2011000300014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2010] [Accepted: 01/17/2011] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Este estudo transversal avaliou o consumo de dentifrício fluoretado e fatores associados em Passo Fundo, Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil. Seiscentos e oitenta e oito domicílios foram selecionados. Um questionário estruturado foi respondido pela mãe para obter dados demográficos, hábitos e consumo de dentifrício. O consumo foi avaliado por intermédio da duração de um tubo de dentifrício e considerado baixo (duração > 1 mês) e alto (duração < 1 mês). Modelos de regressão logística avaliaram a associação do consumo com variáveis independentes. Foi observado que 61,2% dos domicílios apresentaram alto consumo de dentifrício. No modelo multivariado, idade da mãe > 50 anos (OR = 1.62; IC95% 1,02-2,61), frequência de escovação da mãe (OR = 2,53; IC95%: 1,53-4,16), número de moradores que utilizam escova (OR = 5,69; IC95%: 3,68-8,81) e motivo cosmético para escolha do dentifrício (OR = 1,64; IC95%:1,03-2,61) representaram maior chance de alto consumo de dentifrício. Conclui-se que a maioria dos domicílios apresenta consumo elevado de dentifrício, associado com idade e frequência de escovação da mãe, número de moradores e motivos de escolha.
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Oppermann RV, Haas AN, Villoria GEM, Primo LG, Serra-Negra JM, Ferreira EFE, Pannuti CM. Proposal for the teaching of the chemical control of supragingival biofilm. Braz Oral Res 2011; 24 Suppl 1:33-6. [PMID: 20857073 DOI: 10.1590/s1806-83242010000500006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2010] [Accepted: 07/15/2010] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The mechanical control of supragingival biofilm is accepted as one of the most important measures to treat and prevent dental caries and periodontal diseases. Nevertheless, maintaining dental surfaces biofilm-free is not an easy task. In this regard, chemical agents, mainly in the form of mouthwashes, have been studied to help overcome the difficulties involved in the mechanical control of biofilm. The aim of this paper was to discuss proposals for the teaching of supragingival chemical control (SCC) in order to improve dentists' knowledge regarding this clinical issue. Firstly, the literature regarding the efficacy of antiseptics is presented, clearly showing that chemical agents are clinically effective in the reduction of biofilm and gingival inflammation when used as adjuvant agents to mechanical control. Thus, it is suggested that the content related to SCC be included in the curricular grid of dental schools. Secondly, some essential topics are recommended to be included in the teaching of SCC as follows: skills and competencies expected of a graduate dentist regarding SCC; how to include this content in the curricular grid; teaching-learning tools and techniques to be employed; and program content.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Vicente Oppermann
- Department of Periodontics, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
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Gamonal J, Mendoza C, Espinoza I, Muñoz A, Urzúa I, Aranda W, Carvajal P, Arteaga O. Clinical attachment loss in Chilean adult population: First Chilean National Dental Examination Survey. J Periodontol 2011; 81:1403-10. [PMID: 20629544 DOI: 10.1902/jop.2010.100148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Data from national surveys regarding the periodontal status of the adult population in Latin America are scarce. The aim of this study assesses the prevalence and extension of clinical attachment loss (AL) in the adult population of Chile. Age, sex, and sociodemographic and behavioral differences in the prevalence of clinical AL are also examined. METHODS A stratified, multistage probability design formula was used to separate the adult Chilean population into two age cohorts. The first group consisted of 1,092 young adults (age range: 35 to 44 years), and the second group consisted of 469 adult seniors (age range: 65 to 74 years). All subjects were examined to measure clinical AL. The research also included an evaluation, conducted through oral interviews, of social and health aspects of the subjects. Clinical AL was measured in all teeth surfaces, excluding third molars. Results were analyzed using a multivariable model and logistic regression. RESULTS A total of 93.45% of the young adults had ≥ 1 site with clinical AL >3 mm compared with 97.58% of the adult seniors, with an average of 6.51 and 15.81 missing teeth, respectively (P <0.05). The number of sites with severe clinical AL (>6 mm) was 38.65% in young adults and 69.35% in senior adults (P <0.05). Clinical AL was significantly higher in males than in females (P <0.05). The multivariate analyses identified that the main risk indicators for clinical AL >6 mm in ≥ 1 site were: age (65 to 74 years), sex (male) low education level (<or=12 years of education), and smoking (P <0.05). CONCLUSION The adult population in Chile shows a high prevalence and extension of clinical AL with age, sex, education level, and smoking as the main risk indicators of severe clinical AL in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Gamonal
- Periodontal Biology Laboratory, Conservative Dentistry Department, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile.
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Söder B, Yakob M, Meurman JH, Andersson LC, Klinge B, Söder PÖ. Periodontal disease may associate with breast cancer. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2010; 127:497-502. [PMID: 20960226 DOI: 10.1007/s10549-010-1221-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2010] [Accepted: 10/08/2010] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
The main purpose was to evaluate the association between periodontal disease and the incidence of breast cancer in a prospective study of 3273 randomly selected subjects aged 30-40 years at baseline. Breast cancer incidence was registered from 1985 to 2001 according to the WHO International Classification of Diseases criteria. At baseline, 1676 individuals also underwent a clinical oral examination (Group A) whereas 1597 subjects were not clinically examined but were registered (Group B). The associations between breast cancer, periodontal disease, and missing molars were determined using multiple logistic regression models with several background variables and known risk factors for cancer. In total 26 subjects in group A and 15 subjects in group B had breast cancer. The incidence of breast cancer was 1.75% in subjects who had periodontal disease and/or any missing molars, and 0 in subjects who had periodontal disease but had no missing molars. For periodontally healthy subjects with no missing teeth the breast cancer incidence was 1%. For group B the respective incidence was 0.94%. Female gender (odds ratio (OR) 13.08) and missing any molar in the mandible (OR 2.36) were explanatory variables for breast cancer. Of the subjects with periodontal disease and any missing molars in the mandible 5.5% had breast cancer in comparison to 0.5% of the subjects who had periodontal disease but no missing molars in the mandible (P < 0.02). Chronic periodontal disease indicated by missing molars seemed to associate statistically with breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Birgitta Söder
- Department of Dental Medicine, Division of Periodontology, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden.
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Ardila CM, Granada MI, Guzmán IC. Antibiotic resistance of subgingival species in chronic periodontitis patients. J Periodontal Res 2010; 45:557-63. [PMID: 20546113 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0765.2010.01274.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE The increasing rate of resistance of microorganisms to penicillin and other antibiotics has generated concern among health authorities in Latin America. The present investigation determined the in vitro susceptibility of Porphyromonas gingivalis, Fusobacterium nucleatum, black-pigmented Prevotella spp. and Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans to metronidazole, amoxicillin, amoxicillin/clavulanic acid, clindamycin and moxifloxacin in patients with chronic periodontitis. MATERIAL AND METHODS Subgingival plaque samples from patients with periodontitis were collected and cultured on selective and nonselective culture media. The antimicrobial susceptibility of periodontopathogenic isolates was studied in chronic periodontitis patients in Colombia. Metronidazole, amoxicillin, amoxicillin/clavulanic acid, clindamycin and moxifloxacin were tested on all bacterial isolates and the percentage of resistant strains was calculated. RESULTS Of the 150 bacteria identified, 51 were P. gingivalis, 45 were black-pigmented Prevotella spp., 36 were F. nucleatum and 18 were A. actinomycetemcomitans. All the isolates were sensitive to amoxicillin/clavulanic acid and to moxifloxacin, but exhibited variable susceptibility patterns to the other antimicrobial agents tested. CONCLUSION The results of the present study suggest that periodontal microorganisms in patients with chronic periodontitis can be resistant to the antimicrobial agents commonly used in anti-infective periodontal therapy. We suggest that the indiscriminate use of antimicrobials could result in the appearance of more highly antibiotic-resistant strains of bacteria associated with periodontal diseases in our population compared with the populations of other countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- C M Ardila
- Epidemiology Group, University of Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia.
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Dorri M, Sheiham A, Hardy R, Watt R. The relationship between Sense of Coherence and toothbrushing behaviours in Iranian adolescents in Mashhad. J Clin Periodontol 2010; 37:46-52. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-051x.2009.01497.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Gelani V, Fernandes AP, Gasparoto TH, Garlet TP, Cestari TM, Lima HR, Ramos ES, de Souza Malaspina TS, Santos CF, Garlet GP, da Silva JS, Campanelli AP. The Role of Toll-Like Receptor 2 in the Recognition ofAggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans. J Periodontol 2009; 80:2010-9. [DOI: 10.1902/jop.2009.090198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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40
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Silva-Boghossian CM, Luiz RR, Colombo APV. Periodontal Status, Sociodemographic, and Behavioral Indicators in Subjects Attending a Public Dental School in Brazil: Analysis of Clinical Attachment Loss. J Periodontol 2009; 80:1945-54. [DOI: 10.1902/jop.2009.090242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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41
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Holtfreter B, Schwahn C, Biffar R, Kocher T. Epidemiology of periodontal diseases in the study of health in Pomerania. J Clin Periodontol 2009; 36:114-23. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-051x.2008.01361.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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Hugoson A, Norderyd O. Has the prevalence of periodontitis changed during the last 30 years? J Clin Periodontol 2009; 35:338-45. [PMID: 18724861 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-051x.2008.01279.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
AIM This paper reviews global trends in the change in prevalence of periodontitis over the last 30 years. MATERIAL AND METHODS The epidemiology of periodontal disease is briefly reviewed together with the current classification system and the clinical and radiographic diagnostic methodology in periodontal disease. RESULTS This review identifies the very limited number of studies that provide prevalence data over time, and this data is discussed in comparison with those stemming from a few corresponding studies from countries outside Europe. CONCLUSIONS The data indicate a possible trend of a lower prevalence of periodontitis in recent years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anders Hugoson
- School of Health Science, Jönköping University, Jönköping, Sweden.
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Rylev M, Kilian M. Prevalence and distribution of principal periodontal pathogens worldwide. J Clin Periodontol 2009; 35:346-61. [PMID: 18724862 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-051x.2008.01280.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Detailed genetic analysis of bacteria has demonstrated an unanticipated genetic diversity within species, which often reveals evolutionary lineages that are disproportionately associated with infection. There is evidence that some evolutionary lineages of bacteria have adapted to particular ethnic groups. AIM This review analyzes to what extent observed differences in periodontal disease prevalence among ethnically or geographically distinct populations may be explained by restricted host adaptation of clones of principal periodontal pathogens. RESULTS Carriage rates of several putative periodontal pathogens and particular subsets of these species vary between ethnic groups. Few of these differences can, with the limited information available, be directly related to differences in periodontal disease prevalence. Asian populations are regularly colonized with Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans serotype c with questionable pathogenic potential. Conversely, the JP2 clone of A. actinomycetemcomitans has enhanced virulence and causes significantly higher prevalence of aggressive periodontitis in adolescents whose descent can be traced back to the Mediterranean and Western parts of Africa. Some genetically distinct types of Porphyromonas gingivalis are more associated with disease than others, but additional work is required to relate this to clinical differences. CONCLUSIONS Studies that take into account differences linked to the genetics of both patients and potential pathogens are likely to give better insight into the aetiology of periodontal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mette Rylev
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Aarhus, Aarhus, Denmark.
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Cascaes AM, Peres KG, Peres MA. Periodontal disease is associated with poor self-rated oral health among Brazilian adults. J Clin Periodontol 2009; 36:25-33. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-051x.2008.01337.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Choi YH, Baek HJ, Song KB, Han JY, Kwon H, Lee SG. Prevalence of periodontitis and associated risk factors in Korean adults: Korean National Oral Health Survey 2006. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.5051/jkape.2009.39.s.261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Youn-Hee Choi
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
| | - Hye-Jin Baek
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
| | - Keun-Bae Song
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
| | - Ji-Youn Han
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, College of Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan, Korea
| | - Hojang Kwon
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, College of Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan, Korea
| | - Sang Gyu Lee
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, College of Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan, Korea
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Corraini P, Baelum V, Pannuti CM, Pustiglioni AN, Romito GA, Pustiglioni FE. Risk Indicators for Increased Probing Depth in an Isolated Population in Brazil. J Periodontol 2008; 79:1726-34. [DOI: 10.1902/jop.2008.070586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Corraini P, Baelum V, Pannuti CM, Pustiglioni AN, Romito GA, Pustiglioni FE. Periodontal attachment loss in an untreated isolated population of Brazil. J Periodontol 2008; 79:610-20. [PMID: 18380553 DOI: 10.1902/jop.2008.070294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence, extent, and severity of clinical attachment loss (CAL) and to investigate the association of demographic, socioeconomic, and behavioral risk indicators with CAL in an untreated isolated population in Brazil. METHODS All subjects aged > or =12 years were identified by a census. Participants were submitted to a full-mouth clinical examination of six sites per tooth and were interviewed using a structured, written questionnaire. RESULTS Among the 214 subjects who were interviewed and examined clinically, CAL > or =5 mm in at least one site was observed in 8% of the 12- to 19-year-olds and in all dentate subjects > or =50 years of age; the age-dependent prevalence of CAL > or =7 mm in at least one site ranged from 5% among 12- to 19-year-olds to 83% among subjects > or =50 years old. Multivariate analysis identified plaque (odds ratio [OR] = 2.8), supragingival calculus (OR = 2.9 to 10.6), age > or =30 years (OR = 11.4), and smoking (OR = 2.4) as risk indicators for CAL > or =5 mm and smoking (OR = 8.2) as a risk indicator for CAL > or =7 mm. CONCLUSIONS CAL is highly prevalent in this isolated population. The high occurrence of CAL in young age groups and the confirmation of traditional risk indicators for CAL in this study suggest that other factors, such as host susceptibility, may be needed to explain the high levels of CAL found. Age and behavioral factors were risk indicators associated significantly with the CAL found in this population and may be useful indicators of high-risk subjects for periodontal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priscila Corraini
- Department of Stomatology, School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
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Söder B, Yakob M, Nowak J, Jogestrand T. Risk for the development of atherosclerosis in women with a high amount [corrected] of dental plaque and severe gingival inflammation. Int J Dent Hyg 2008; 5:133-8. [PMID: 17615021 DOI: 10.1111/j.1601-5037.2007.00256.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Chronic infection and inflammation are considered to be risk factors in the development of cardiovascular diseases; the chronic inflammatory and microbial burden caused by the dental plaque in these individuals may predispose them to atherosclerotic process. AIMS The aims were to study the involvement of a high level of dental plaque, severe gingival inflammation and periodontitis in the development of early atherosclerotic process in women. METHODS Forty-six randomly chosen women with periodontitis and 21 periodontally healthy women were subjected to a comprehensive clinical oral examination, including oral hygiene status and level of gingival inflammation. Atherosclerotic risk factor analysis and carotid ultrasonography were performed. Common carotid artery intima-media thickness (IMT) and lumen diameter were measured and intima-media area (cIMA) was calculated. The following statistical methods were used: analysis of variance, chi-squared tests and multiple logistic regression analysis. RESULTS There were highly significant differences between the patients and controls in the amount of dental plaque, gingival inflammation as well as bleeding on probing and pocket depth. The mean values of IMT and cIMA were significantly higher in women with periodontal disease than in controls. Multiple logistic regression analysis identified periodontitis as a principal-independent predictor of both the common carotid artery cIMA and IMT. CONCLUSIONS The present results indicate that a high amount of dental plaque, severe gingival inflammation as well as periodontitis seem to be associated with the development of atherosclerotic lesions in women already at its early and subclinical stages.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Söder
- Institute of Odontology, Section of Dental Hygienist program, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden.
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Herrera D, Contreras A, Gamonal J, Oteo A, Jaramillo A, Silva N, Sanz M, Botero JE, León R. Subgingival microbial profiles in chronic periodontitis patients from Chile, Colombia and Spain. J Clin Periodontol 2007; 35:106-13. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-051x.2007.01170.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Söder B, Jin LJ, Klinge B, Söder PO. Periodontitis and premature death: a 16-year longitudinal study in a Swedish urban population. J Periodontal Res 2007; 42:361-6. [PMID: 17559634 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0765.2006.00957.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Growing experimental evidence implicates chronic inflammation/infection due to periodontal diseases as a risk factor for death. The objective was to evaluate the role of periodontitis in premature death in a prospective study. METHODS The causes of death in 3273 randomly-selected subjects, aged 30-40 years, from 1985 to 2001 were registered. At baseline, 1676 individuals underwent a clinical oral examination (Group A) and 1597 did not (Group B). Mortality and causes of death from 1985 to 2001 were recorded according to ICD-9-10. RESULTS In Groups A (clinically examined group) and B, a total of 110 subjects had died: 40 subjects in Group A, and 70 in Group B. In Group A significant differences were present at baseline between survivors and persons who later died, with respect to dental plaque, calculus, gingival inflammation and number of missing molars in subjects with periodontitis (p < 0.001). The multiple logistic regression analysis results of the relationship between being dead (dependent variable) and several independent variables identified periodontitis with any missing molars as a principal independent predictor of death. CONCLUSIONS Young individuals with periodontitis and missing molars seem to be at increased risk for premature death by life-threatening diseases, such as neoplasms, and diseases of the circulatory and digestive systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Söder
- Institute of Odontology, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden.
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