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Wen X, Li H, Li S, Chang B, Chen S, Li H, Liu C, Li G. Associated factors of periodontitis and predicted study among young man in China: a population-based cross-sectional study. BMC Public Health 2024; 24:1235. [PMID: 38704531 PMCID: PMC11070096 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-024-18732-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/06/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Periodontitis represents the foremost oral condition in young men, strongly correlated with socioeconomic elements and oral health behaviors. This research aimed to assess the prevalence of periodontitis and associated associations with socio-demographics and oral health practices for subsequent Hazard Ratio (HR) estimation. METHODS A total of 46,476 young men were recruited to the study between August 2022 and October 2023. A questionnaire on socio-demographic factors and oral health-related behaviors related to periodontitis was completed. The standard procedure was used for oral examination. Logistic regression and hazard ratios were used to estimate the influencing factors, whereas the nomogram was used to predict the risk of periodontitis in young men. RESULTS A total of 46,476 young men were surveyed and completed the questionnaire. The overall prevalence of periodontitis among young men was 1.74%. Out of these, 1.7% had mild periodontitis and 0.6% had moderate periodontitis. Age and dental calculus were important factors in the periodontal health of young men. This nomogram, which includes 7 easily obtainable clinical characteristics routinely collected during periodontitis risk assessment, provides clinicians with a user-friendly tool to assess the risk of periodontal disease in young men. CONCLUSIONS Regular dental prophylaxis is crucial for young men to maintain their gingival health and prevent the onset of periodontitis. Dental calculus plays a prominent role in this matter, as it serves as a significant contributing factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohui Wen
- Department of Epidemiology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Hui Li
- School of Public Health, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, China
| | - Shiting Li
- Department of Oral Implantology, The Affiliated Stomatological Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, China
- Institute of Stomatology, Luzhou Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, China
| | - Bei Chang
- Department of Stomatology, The PLA Rocket Force Characteristic Medical Center, Beijing, 100000, China
| | - Shichao Chen
- Department of Oral Implantology, The Affiliated Stomatological Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, China
- Institute of Stomatology, Luzhou Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, China
| | - Hongcai Li
- Department of Stomatology, Shuguang Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Caixia Liu
- Xichang People's Hospital, Xichang, 615000, China
| | - Guangwen Li
- Department of Oral Implantology, The Affiliated Stomatological Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, China.
- Institute of Stomatology, Luzhou Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Department of Prosthodontics, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China.
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Wang W, Feng X, Tai B, Hu D, Lin H, Wang B, Wang C, Zheng S, Liu X, Rong W, Wang W, Si Y. Epidemiology of plaque-induced gingivitis among 12-15-year-old Chinese schoolchildren: A study based on the 2018 case definition. J Clin Periodontol 2024; 51:299-308. [PMID: 38037239 DOI: 10.1111/jcpe.13904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Revised: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
AIM To explore the epidemiology of plaque-induced gingivitis and related factors among Chinese adolescents. MATERIALS AND METHODS This cross-sectional survey comprised 118,601 schoolchildren in the 12-15-year age group. Data came from the National Oral Health Survey in mainland China. The field investigation was conducted according to the World Health Organization guidelines. The new 2018 case definition for plaque-induced gingivitis was used. Participants underwent clinical examinations and completed a structured questionnaire. Bleeding on probing (BOP) was performed on all teeth. Multinomial logistic regression was used to explore the factors related to the extent of gingivitis. RESULTS Nearly half of the study population (47.3%) had plaque-induced gingivitis; 23.9% and 23.3% presented with localised and generalised gingivitis, respectively. The first molars were the most affected by BOP. Well-established factors, such as demographic characteristics, socioeconomic status, local factors and smoking habits, were significantly associated with the extent of gingivitis. Odds ratios for localised and generalised gingivitis increased with the decrease in frequency of toothbrushing with a fluoride dentifrice. CONCLUSIONS The study population had high plaque-induced gingivitis prevalence. The extent of gingivitis appeared to have a dose-response relationship with the frequency of toothbrushing with a fluoride dentifrice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenhui Wang
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Digital Medical Devices, Beijing, China
| | - Xiping Feng
- Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Baojun Tai
- School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Deyu Hu
- West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Huancai Lin
- Guanghua School of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bo Wang
- Chinese Stomatological Association, Beijing, China
| | - Chunxiao Wang
- Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Shuguo Zheng
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Digital Medical Devices, Beijing, China
| | - Xuenan Liu
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Digital Medical Devices, Beijing, China
| | - Wensheng Rong
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Digital Medical Devices, Beijing, China
| | - Weijian Wang
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Digital Medical Devices, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Si
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Digital Medical Devices, Beijing, China
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Albandar JM. Disparities and social determinants of periodontal diseases. Periodontol 2000 2024. [PMID: 38217495 DOI: 10.1111/prd.12547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2024]
Abstract
Periodontal diseases are highly prevalent in populations worldwide and are a major global public health problem, with major negative impacts on individuals and communities. This study investigates evidence of disparities in periodontal diseases by age groups, gender, and socioeconomic factors. There is ample evidence that these diseases disproportionally affect poorer and marginalized groups and are closely associated with certain demographics and socioeconomic status. Disparities in periodontal health are associated with social inequalities, which in turn are caused by old age, gender inequality, income and education gaps, access to health care, social class, and other factors. In health care, these factors may result in some individuals receiving better and more professional care compared to others. This study also reviews the potential causes of these disparities and the means to bridge the gap in disease prevalence. Identifying and implementing effective strategies to eliminate inequities among minorities and marginalized groups in oral health status and dental care should be prioritized in populations globally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasim M Albandar
- Department of Periodontology and Oral Implantology, Temple University School of Dentistry, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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4
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Fujihara C, Hafiyyah OA, Murakami S. Identification of disease-associate variants of aggressive periodontitis using genome-wide association studies. JAPANESE DENTAL SCIENCE REVIEW 2023; 59:357-364. [PMID: 37860752 PMCID: PMC10582758 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdsr.2023.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/24/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Aggressive periodontitis (AgP), Stage III or IV and Grade C according to the new periodontitis classification, is characterized by the rapid destruction of periodontal tissues in the systemically healthy population and often causes premature tooth loss. The presence of familial aggregation suggests the involvement of genetic factors in the pathogenesis. However, the genes associated with the onset and progression of the disease and details of its pathogenesis have not yet been fully identified. In recent years, the genome-wide approach (GWAS), a comprehensive genome analysis method using bioinformatics, has been used to search for disease-related genes, and the results have been applied in genomic medicine for various diseases, such as cancer. In this review, we discuss GWAS in the context of AgP. First, we introduce the relationship between single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and susceptibility to diseases and how GWAS is useful for searching disease-related SNPs. Furthermore, we summarize the recent findings of disease-related genes using GWAS on AgP inside and outside Japan and a possible mechanism of the pathogenesis of AgP based on available literature and our research findings. These findings will lead to advancements in the prevention, prognosis, and treatment of AgP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiharu Fujihara
- Department of Periodontology and Regenerative Dentistry, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka, Japan
| | - Osa Amila Hafiyyah
- Department of Periodontology and Regenerative Dentistry, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka, Japan
- Department of Periodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - Shinya Murakami
- Department of Periodontology and Regenerative Dentistry, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka, Japan
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Hung M, Kelly R, Mohajeri A, Reese L, Badawi S, Frost C, Sevathas T, Lipsky MS. Factors Associated with Periodontitis in Younger Individuals: A Scoping Review. J Clin Med 2023; 12:6442. [PMID: 37892578 PMCID: PMC10607667 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12206442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2023] [Revised: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Periodontitis is a disease that affects many young adults, and if left untreated, it can have lasting and permanent effects on an individual's oral health. The purpose of this scoping review was to review the recent literature to identify factors that place young individuals at risk of stage II or III periodontitis. Using the PRISMA guidelines for scoping reviews, three databases were systematically searched for peer-reviewed human studies published in English that investigated risk factors associated with stage II and/or III periodontitis in individuals less than 40 years of age. This review excluded abstracts, literature reviews, including narrative, scoping, and systematic reviews and meta-analyses, conference proceedings, letters to the editor, and editorials. The authors then extracted data from the relevant studies using a predefined form to summarize the aims, design, results, risk factors examined, and the type and severity of periodontitis. Among a total of 2676 articles screened, only three articles met the review's inclusion criteria. Of these articles, one was a longitudinal case-control study and two were cross-sectional studies. Identified risk factors associated with stage II or III periodontitis included self-reported bleeding when brushing, low bone mineral density, being overweight, and smoking in young adults. Of note, only three studies met the inclusion criteria, suggesting a gap in the research literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Man Hung
- College of Dental Medicine, Roseman University of Health Sciences, South Jordan, UT 84095, USA
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery Operations, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
- George E. Wahlen Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Salt Lake City, UT 84148, USA
| | - Roah Kelly
- College of Dental Medicine, Roseman University of Health Sciences, South Jordan, UT 84095, USA
| | - Amir Mohajeri
- College of Dental Medicine, Roseman University of Health Sciences, South Jordan, UT 84095, USA
| | - Logan Reese
- College of Dental Medicine, Roseman University of Health Sciences, South Jordan, UT 84095, USA
| | - Sarah Badawi
- College of Dental Medicine, Roseman University of Health Sciences, South Jordan, UT 84095, USA
| | - Cole Frost
- College of Dental Medicine, Roseman University of Health Sciences, South Jordan, UT 84095, USA
| | - Taroniar Sevathas
- College of Dental Medicine, Roseman University of Health Sciences, South Jordan, UT 84095, USA
| | - Martin S. Lipsky
- College of Dental Medicine, Roseman University of Health Sciences, South Jordan, UT 84095, USA
- Institute on Aging, Portland State University, Portland, OR 97201, USA
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Silva C, Requicha J, Dias I, Bastos E, Viegas C. Genomic Medicine in Canine Periodontal Disease: A Systematic Review. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:2463. [PMID: 37570272 PMCID: PMC10417655 DOI: 10.3390/ani13152463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Revised: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/29/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Genomic medicine has become a growing reality; however, it is still taking its first steps in veterinary medicine. Through this approach, it will be possible to trace the genetic profile of a given individual and thus know their susceptibility to certain diseases, namely periodontal disease. This condition is one of the most frequently diagnosed in companion animal clinics, especially in dogs. Due to the limited existing information and the lack of comprehensive studies, the objective of the present study was to systematically review the existing scientific literature regarding genomic medicine in canine periodontal disease and determine which genes have already been studied and their probable potential. This study followed the recommendations of the PRISMA 2020 methodology. Canine periodontal disease allied to genomic medicine were the subjects of this systematic review. Only six articles met all of the inclusion criteria, and these were analyzed in detail. These studies described genetic variations in the following genes: interleukin-6, interleukin-10, interleukin-1, lactotransferrin, toll-like receptor 9, and receptor activator of nuclear factor-kappa B. Only in two of them, namely interleukin-1 and toll-like receptor 9 genes, may the identified genetic variations explain the susceptibility that certain individuals have to the development of periodontal disease. It is necessary to expand the studies on the existing polymorphic variations in genes and their relationship with the development of periodontal disease. Only then will it be possible to fully understand the biological mechanisms that are involved in this disease and that determine the susceptibility to its development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Silva
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, School of Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences (ECAV), University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro (UTAD), Quinta de Prados, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal; (C.S.); (J.R.); (I.D.)
- CECAV—Centre for Animal Sciences and Veterinary Studies, University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - João Requicha
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, School of Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences (ECAV), University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro (UTAD), Quinta de Prados, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal; (C.S.); (J.R.); (I.D.)
- CECAV—Centre for Animal Sciences and Veterinary Studies, University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
- AL4AnimalS—Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Sciences, 1300-477 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Isabel Dias
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, School of Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences (ECAV), University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro (UTAD), Quinta de Prados, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal; (C.S.); (J.R.); (I.D.)
- CECAV—Centre for Animal Sciences and Veterinary Studies, University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
- AL4AnimalS—Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Sciences, 1300-477 Lisboa, Portugal
- CITAB—Center for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal;
- Inov4Agro-Institute for Innovation, Capacity Building and Sustainability of Agri-Food Production, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Estela Bastos
- CITAB—Center for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal;
- Inov4Agro-Institute for Innovation, Capacity Building and Sustainability of Agri-Food Production, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
- Department of Genetics and Biotechnology, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Carlos Viegas
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, School of Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences (ECAV), University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro (UTAD), Quinta de Prados, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal; (C.S.); (J.R.); (I.D.)
- CECAV—Centre for Animal Sciences and Veterinary Studies, University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
- AL4AnimalS—Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Sciences, 1300-477 Lisboa, Portugal
- CITAB—Center for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal;
- Inov4Agro-Institute for Innovation, Capacity Building and Sustainability of Agri-Food Production, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
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Fagbule OF, Emenyonu UK, Idiga E, Oni OO, Ijarogbe OA, Osuh ME, Lawal FB, Owoaje TO, Ibiyemi O. Using traditional rhyme (folk song) as a tool for oral hygiene promotion (UTRATOHP) among children in rural communities in Nigeria: A protocol for a randomised controlled trial. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0280856. [PMID: 37267257 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0280856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Most oral diseases are caused by poor oral hygiene, and with adequate oral hygiene measures, they are easily preventable. The use of folk songs to deliver oral health education may likely hold a huge potential for success and an increased likelihood of acceptability and sustainability among school children. Therefore, an investigation into the effectiveness of methods that would be culturally appropriate and sustainable, such as folk songs, is essential. AIM To determine the effect of traditional rhyme (folk song) as a tool for oral hygiene education among children in rural communities in Nigeria. MATERIALS AND METHODS This is a school-based, assessor-blinded, two-arm cluster-randomised controlled trial that will assess the effectiveness of oral hygiene messages delivered through traditional rhyme (folk song) on children's oral hygiene knowledge, attitude, practices, and oral hygiene status in two rural communities (Igboora and Idere) in Nigeria. The study will involve a minimum of 424 participants (aged 7-9 years) selected from eight primary schools using the cluster sampling technique. Four schools will be randomised into the test group to receive oral hygiene messages through folk songs, and the participants will sing the song for two weeks. The other four schools will be assigned to the control group, and the participants will receive the usual oral health talk on oral hygiene practices by a dentist. The participants' oral hygiene knowledge, attitude, practice and status will be assessed at baseline, immediate, six, and twelve-month post-intervention. A modified World Health Organization (WHO) Children's oral health survey questionnaire will be utilised for data collection. Oral examinations will be conducted to assess the participants' dental caries experience and oral hygiene status using the dmft/DMFT and simplified oral hygiene indices, respectively. DISCUSSION Folk songs are popular means of conveying messages in Nigeria, and using them to deliver oral health messages may be an effective, acceptable, and sustainable method among children. This study will provide empirical information about this innovative intervention to guide policy development, dental public health practice, and future studies. TRIAL REGISTRATION Pan African Clinical Trial Registry-PACTR202010863892797 (October 2020).
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Affiliation(s)
- Omotayo Francis Fagbule
- Department of Periodontology and Community Dentistry, University College Hospital, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria
- Department of Periodontology and Community Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria
| | - Urenna Karen Emenyonu
- Department of Periodontology and Community Dentistry, University College Hospital, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria
| | - Ejiro Idiga
- Department of Periodontology and Community Dentistry, University College Hospital, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria
| | - Olubunmi Oluseun Oni
- Department of Periodontology and Community Dentistry, University College Hospital, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria
| | - Olabode Adeyemi Ijarogbe
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dental Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Akoka, Lagos State, Nigeria
| | - Mary Ebelechukwu Osuh
- Department of Periodontology and Community Dentistry, University College Hospital, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria
- Department of Periodontology and Community Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria
| | - Folake Barakat Lawal
- Department of Periodontology and Community Dentistry, University College Hospital, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria
- Department of Periodontology and Community Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria
| | | | - Olushola Ibiyemi
- Department of Periodontology and Community Dentistry, University College Hospital, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria
- Department of Periodontology and Community Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria
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Li Y, Xing Z, Wang S, Wang Y, Wang Z, Dong L. Disruption of biofilms in periodontal disease through the induction of phase transition by cationic dextrans. Acta Biomater 2023; 158:759-768. [PMID: 36638945 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2023.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Revised: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Biofilm of oral pathogenic microorganisms induced by their multiplication and coaggregation would lead to periodontitis. In biofilms, the extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) as a protective shield encapsulates the individual bacteria, protecting them against attack. To alleviate periodontal disease, disrupting the EPS of pathogenic bacteria is crucial and challenging. Based on the sufficient capacity of disorganizing EPS of our designed cationic dextrans, we hypothesized that these polymers could be competent in relieving periodontitis. We validated that cationic dextrans could induce the phase transition of EPS in biofilms, especially the Porphyromonas gingivalis (P. gingivalis), a keystone periodontal pathogen, thus effectively destroying biofilm in vitro. More importantly, satisfactory in vivo treatment was achieved in a rat periodontal disease model. In summary, the study exploited a practical and effective strategy to treat periodontitis with cationic dextrans' powerful biofilm-controlling potential. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Periodontal disease is closely related to dental plaque biofilms on the tooth surface. The biofilm forms gel structures and shields the bacteria underneath, thus protecting oral pathogens from traditional anti-bacterial reagents. Due to limited penetration into gel, the efficacy of these reagents in biofilm elimination is restricted. Our designed cationic dextran could wipe out the coverage of gel-like EPS to disperse encapsulated bacteria. Such superior capacity endowed them with satisfactory effect in disrupting biofilm. Notably, in a rat periodontitis model, cationic dextrans dramatically suppressed alveolar bone loss and alleviated periodontal inflammation by controlling dental plaque. Given the increasing global concerns about periodontal disease, it's worth expanding the application of cationic dextrans both scientifically and clinically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yurong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, 163 Xianlin Avenue, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Zhen Xing
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, 163 Xianlin Avenue, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Shaocong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, 163 Xianlin Avenue, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Yulian Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, 163 Xianlin Avenue, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Zhenzhen Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, 163 Xianlin Avenue, Nanjing 210093, China.
| | - Lei Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, 163 Xianlin Avenue, Nanjing 210093, China; Wuxi Xishan NJU Institute of Applied Biotechnology, Anzhen Street, Xishan District, Wuxi 214101, China.
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Okawa R, Nakano K. Dental manifestation and management of hypophosphatasia. JAPANESE DENTAL SCIENCE REVIEW 2022; 58:208-216. [PMID: 35814738 PMCID: PMC9260292 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdsr.2022.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypophosphatasia is an inherited metabolic disorder characterized by defective mineralization of bones and teeth with a wide variety of manifestations, ranging from stillbirth to dental symptoms alone. Recently, the prognosis of severe hypophosphatasia patients has been greatly improved by the introduction of enzyme replacement therapy. The typical dental manifestation is early exfoliation of primary teeth due to disturbed cementum formation, so dentures are recommended to ensure that important oral functions are acquired. Some studies have shown that enzyme replacement therapy improves dental mineralization, resulting in the stabilization of periodontal tissues and better growth of tooth roots. A nationwide Japanese survey revealed the common genetic and dental manifestations of patients with mild hypophosphatasia, which markedly differ from those of the severe forms. There may be many undiagnosed mild patients, so dentists should contribute to the early diagnosis by screening possible cases based on the typical finding of early exfoliation of primary teeth. Early diagnosis is important for patients to receive early intervention in both medical and dental fields. The establishment of fundamental dental therapy to solve the dental problems is still underway and is eagerly anticipated.
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Drumond VZ, Andrade AA, de Arruda JAA, Mesquita RA, Abreu LG. Periodontal outcomes of children and adolescents with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Eur Arch Paediatr Dent 2022; 23:537-546. [PMID: 35838891 DOI: 10.1007/s40368-022-00732-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to answer the following question: Are children and adolescents with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) more likely to have gingival or periodontal disease-related outcomes than their non-ADHD peers? METHODS Searches were conducted in the following databases: Embase, Scopus, Web of Science, and PubMed. Google Scholar and OpenGrey were also verified. Observational studies were included in which children and adolescents with ADHD were compared with their healthy peers in terms of gingival and/or periodontal endpoints. Bias appraisal was performed using the Joann Briggs tool for case-control and cross-sectional studies. Meta-analysis was performed using R language. Results are reported as mean difference (MD) and odds ratio (OR). Statistical analyses were performed in RStudio. RESULTS A total of 149 records were identified in the searches. Seven studies were included. The meta-analysis showed that children and adolescents with ADHD had a higher mean gingival bleeding index (percentage) than their non-ADHD peers (MD = 11.25; CI = 0.08-22.41; I2 = 73%). There was no difference between groups for plaque index (MD = 4.87; CI = - 2.56 to 12.30; I2 = 63%) and gingivitis (OR = 1.42; CI = 0.22-9.21; I2 = 76%). Regarding the assessment of risk of bias, the major issue found in the articles was the absence of analyses for the control of confounding factors. CONCLUSION Children and adolescents with ADHD had more gingival bleeding than their non-ADHD peers, but no difference regarding plaque or gingivitis was detected between groups. CLINICAL REGISTRATION CRD42021258404.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Z Drumond
- School of Dentistry, Faculdade Pitágoras de Ipatinga, Ipatinga, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
| | - A A Andrade
- School of Dentistry, Faculdade Pitágoras de Belo Horizonte, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - J A A de Arruda
- Department of Oral Surgery, Pathology and Clinical Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - R A Mesquita
- Department of Oral Surgery, Pathology and Clinical Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - L G Abreu
- Department of Child and Adolescent Oral Health, School of Dentistry, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
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11
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Kissa J, El Houari B, Amine K, Chemlali S, Khlil N, Mikou S, Gharibi A, El Ouadnassi I, Rifki C, Albandar JM. Prevalence of periodontal disease in young moroccans. A national survey. J Periodontol 2022; 93:1867-1877. [PMID: 35708520 DOI: 10.1002/jper.22-0103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Revised: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 05/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There are few large surveys of periodontal disease in young age cohorts, and national surveys in Africa do not existent. This study assessed the prevalence and severity of periodontal disease in a national survey of adolescents and young adults in Morocco. METHODS A multi-stage probability sampling design was used to draw a sample of 14,667 students 12-25 years old attending 87 schools. The sample was representative of approximately 3 million Moroccan students in this age group. RESULTS 27.9%, 11.9%, and 7.7% of the subjects had ≥1 teeth with ≥4 mm, ≥5 mm, and ≥6 mm probing depth, and the population estimates were approximately 822, 350, and 226 thousand affected subjects, respectively. For attachment loss the prevalences were: 11.6%, 9.5%, and 6.9% (or ≈ 342, 281, and 204 thousand affected subjects) for ≥4 mm, ≥5 mm, and ≥6 mm, respectively. The rates of probing depth and attachment loss increased significantly with the increase in age (p<0.01, p<0.001). Gender and urban status did not show significant effects on the prevalence of periodontal disease (p>0.05). Similarly, the relationship between the occupation status and periodontal status was modest and not statistically significant (p>0.05). CONCLUSIONS Children and young adults attending public schools in Morocco have a high prevalence and severity of periodontal disease compared to other populations of similar age. The rate of periodontal disease reported here may be used as baseline population estimates in the surveillance of disease status in this population. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamila Kissa
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dental Medicine, University of Hassan II, Casablanca, Morocco
| | - Bouchra El Houari
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dental Medicine, University of Hassan II, Casablanca, Morocco
| | - Khadija Amine
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dental Medicine, University of Hassan II, Casablanca, Morocco
| | - Sihame Chemlali
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dental Medicine, University of Hassan II, Casablanca, Morocco
| | - Nadia Khlil
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dental Medicine, University of Hassan II, Casablanca, Morocco
| | - Salwa Mikou
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dental Medicine, University of Hassan II, Casablanca, Morocco
| | - Amina Gharibi
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dental Medicine, University of Hassan II, Casablanca, Morocco
| | - Imane El Ouadnassi
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dental Medicine, University of Hassan II, Casablanca, Morocco
| | - Chouaib Rifki
- Department of Oral Surgery, Faculty of Dental Medicine, University of Hassan II, Casablanca, Morocco
| | - Jasim M Albandar
- Department of Periodontology and Oral Implantology, Temple University School of Dentistry, Philadelphia, USA
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12
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Kissa J, Albandar JM, El Houari B, Khlil N, Amine K, Chemlali S, Mikou S, Gharibi A, El Ouadnassi I, Tricha L, Himmiche M, Rifki C. National survey of periodontal diseases in adolescents and young adults in Morocco. J Clin Periodontol 2022; 49:439-447. [PMID: 35246871 DOI: 10.1111/jcpe.13613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Revised: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
AIM National surveys of periodontal diseases in children are rare. This study describes the first national survey of oral health of adolescents attending public schools in Morocco. We report the prevalence and demographic determinants of periodontal diseases, and generate population estimates for this young population. MATERIALS AND METHODS This study used a multi-stage probability sample comprising 14,667 students in 87 schools and 520 classrooms, representative of students attending grades 6-12 (age 12-18 years) in Morocco. The students were interviewed and then examined clinically to assess their periodontal status, which was classified according to the 2017 World Workshop. In addition, the diagnosis of aggressive periodontitis (AgP) was assessed. RESULTS Of approximately 3 million students in this age cohort, 12.3% (or approximately 360,894 subjects) had periodontitis and 46.9% (1.4 million) had gingivitis. They comprised 10.8%, 2.9%, and 6.1% subjects with periodontitis stage I, II, and III/IV, respectively; 5.0%, or 148,336 subjects, had AgP. The prevalence rates were not significantly different by gender or urban status. However, the prevalence of AgP was particularly high in certain regions of Morocco. CONCLUSIONS The prevalence of staged periodontitis and AgP in this young population is among the highest reported in national surveys worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamila Kissa
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dental Medicine, University of Hassan II, Casablanca, Morocco
| | - Jasim M Albandar
- Department of Periodontology and Oral Implantology, Temple University School of Dentistry, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Bouchra El Houari
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dental Medicine, University of Hassan II, Casablanca, Morocco
| | - Nadia Khlil
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dental Medicine, University of Hassan II, Casablanca, Morocco
| | - Khadija Amine
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dental Medicine, University of Hassan II, Casablanca, Morocco
| | - Sihame Chemlali
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dental Medicine, University of Hassan II, Casablanca, Morocco
| | - Salwa Mikou
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dental Medicine, University of Hassan II, Casablanca, Morocco
| | - Amina Gharibi
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dental Medicine, University of Hassan II, Casablanca, Morocco
| | - Imane El Ouadnassi
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dental Medicine, University of Hassan II, Casablanca, Morocco
| | - Latifa Tricha
- Department of Pedodontics, Faculty of Dental Medicine, University of Hassan II, Casablanca, Morocco
| | | | - Chouaib Rifki
- Department of Oral Surgery, Faculty of Dental Medicine, University of Hassan II, Casablanca, Morocco
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13
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Tavakoli TT, Gholami F, Huang H, Gonçalves PF, Villasante-Tezanos A, Aukhil I, de Oliveira RCG, Hovencamp N, Wallet S, Ioannidou E, Shaddox LM. Gender differences in immunological response of African-American juveniles with Grade C molar incisor pattern periodontitis. J Periodontol 2022; 93:392-402. [PMID: 34173226 PMCID: PMC8709874 DOI: 10.1002/jper.21-0143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Revised: 06/05/2021] [Accepted: 06/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prevalence of Grade C molar incisor periodontitis (C/MIP) in females (F) and males (M) is controversial, although some studies suggest higher prevalence in females. The objective of this study was to evaluate differences in clinical parameters, and levels of cyto/chemokines in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) and peripheral blood response. METHODS GCF and blood were collected from 79 C/MIP African-American participants (53F and 26 M) and healthy controls (58F and 38 M), aged 5 to 23. Blood was stimulated with ultrapure LPS from Escherichia coli (Ec) and Porphyromonas gingivalis (Pg) and we quantified levels of 14 cyto/chemokines. Clinical parameters were collected before and 12 months following treatment RESULTS: No clinical parameters or age differences were found between males and females, although age was negatively correlated with response to treatment. GCF levels of TNFα, IFNγ, MIP1α, and MCP1 from diseased and sites and healthy sites IFNγ levels were higher in M (P < 0.05). C/MIP females presented higher Pg and Ec LPS induced levels of Eotaxin, IFNγ, and GMCSF (P < 0.05), whereas healthy males presented higher Ec LPS induced levels of Eotaxin and IFNγ (P < 0.05). Inflammatory profiles were also different among genders in disease (P = 0.004). CONCLUSIONS Although males seemed to present few elevated inflammatory markers in the GCF in disease and in health, females presented an elevated systemic inflammatory response to LPS in disease, which indicates a possible differential susceptibility to inflammation. Future studies need to determine if sex hormones have a role in the peripheral host response and in the pathogenesis of C/MIP.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Hong Huang
- Department of Periodontology, University of Florida College of Dentistry, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Patricia Furtado Gonçalves
- Department of Periodontology, University of Florida College of Dentistry, Gainesville, FL, USA.,Department of Dentistry, Federal University of Jequitinhonha and Mucuri Valleys, Diamantina, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Alejandro Villasante-Tezanos
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Population Health, Office of Biostatistics, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Ikramuddin Aukhil
- Department of Periodontology, University of Florida College of Dentistry, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Rubelisa C. G. de Oliveira
- Division of Periodontology and Center for Oral Health Research, College of Dentistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA.
| | - Niki Hovencamp
- Department of Periodontology, University of Florida College of Dentistry, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Shannon Wallet
- Department of Oral Biology, University of Florida College of Dentistry, Gainesville, FL, USA.,Division of Oral and Craniofacial Health Sciences, University of North Carolina Adams School of Dentistry, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Effthmia Ioannidou
- Division of Oral and Craniofacial Health Sciences, University of North Carolina Adams School of Dentistry, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.,Department of Periodontology, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - Luciana M. Shaddox
- Department of Periodontology, University of Florida College of Dentistry, Gainesville, FL, USA.,Division of Periodontology and Center for Oral Health Research, College of Dentistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA.
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14
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Šutej I, Božić D, Peroš K, Plančak D. Cigarette smoking and its consequences on periodontal health in teenagers: a cross-sectional study. Cent Eur J Public Health 2022; 29:311-316. [PMID: 35026071 DOI: 10.21101/cejph.a6671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Smoking has been extensively investigated as a risk factor for periodontal disease and many studies have confirmed it. The aim of this study was to show data from Croatia on periodontal health among high school students, with the focus on association of tobacco use and oral hygiene habits, and the periodontal parameters. METHODS Pocket probing depth (PPD), bleeding on probing, supragingival calculus, and oral hygiene habits were recorded for each examinee out of 517 high school students. PPD was measured at 4 interproximal sites on all first molars and central incisors (index teeth). RESULTS There were 34.6% smokers among subjects, who started smoking on average at the age of 14. More than half of the smokers (55.3%) smoked 1-10 cigarettes per day and intensity of smoking increased with age. PPD was significantly greater (p = 0.012) in smokers (1.69 mm) than in non-smokers (1.59 mm). In non-smoking subjects, increased values of PPD were in direct proportion to the reduced frequency of brushing, while there was no difference in smokers. The number of cigarettes smoked and duration of smoking had a great influence on PPD. Smokers had on average more teeth with supragingival calculus than non-smokers, while non-smokers had more bleeding on probing, and the difference was statistically significant (p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS This study indicated that cigarette smoking was associated with decreased periodontal health even in this young population. Irregular oral hygiene was associated with decreased periodontal health only in non-smokers. Therefore, it should be important to inform young smokers about the negative effects of cigarette smoking on periodontal health, to provide consultations and reinforce smoking prevention measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivana Šutej
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Darko Božić
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Kristina Peroš
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Darije Plančak
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
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15
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Periodontal Diseases in Children and Adolescents. Pediatr Dent 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-78003-6_15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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16
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Kouki MA, Pritchard AB, Alder JE, Crean S. Do Periodontal Pathogens or Associated Virulence Factors Have a Deleterious Effect on the Blood-Brain Barrier, Contributing to Alzheimer's Disease? J Alzheimers Dis 2021; 85:957-973. [PMID: 34897087 DOI: 10.3233/jad-215103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The central nervous system (CNS) is protected by a highly selective barrier, the blood-brain barrier (BBB), that regulates the exchange and homeostasis of bloodborne molecules, excluding xenobiotics. This barrier forms the first line of defense by prohibiting pathogens from crossing to the CNS. Aging and chronic exposure of the BBB to pathogens renders it permeable, and this may give rise to pathology in the CNS such as Alzheimer's disease (AD). Researchers have linked pathogens associated with periodontitis to neuroinflammation and AD-like pathology in vivo and in vitro. Although the presence of periodontitis-associated bacteria has been linked to AD in several clinical studies as DNA and virulence factors were confirmed in brain samples of human AD subjects, the mechanism by which the bacteria traverse to the brain and potentially influences neuropathology is unknown. In this review, we present current knowledge about the association between periodontitis and AD, the mechanism whereby periodontal pathogens might provoke neuroinflammation and how periodontal pathogens could affect the BBB. We suggest future studies, with emphasis on the use of human in vitro models of cells associated with the BBB to unravel the pathway of entry for these bacteria to the CNS and to reveal the molecular and cellular pathways involved in initiating the AD-like pathology. In conclusion, evidence demonstrate that bacteria associated with periodontitis and their virulence factors are capable of inflecting damage to the BBB and have a role in giving rise to pathology similar to that found in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mhd Ammar Kouki
- Brain and Behaviour Centre, Faculty of Clinical and Biomedical Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Central Lancashire, Preston, UK
| | - Anna Barlach Pritchard
- Brain and Behaviour Centre, Faculty of Clinical and Biomedical Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Central Lancashire, Preston, UK
| | - Jane Elizabeth Alder
- Brain and Behaviour Centre, Faculty of Clinical and Biomedical Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Central Lancashire, Preston, UK
| | - StJohn Crean
- Brain and Behaviour Centre, Faculty of Clinical and Biomedical Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Central Lancashire, Preston, UK
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17
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Development Strategy of Endodontic Filling Materials Based on Engineering and Medical Approaches. Processes (Basel) 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/pr9112014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
This article is a literature review aimed at presenting the general state of knowledge in manufacturing engineering and materials engineering to develop engineering materials applied for endodontic treatment as filling materials. Particular attention was paid to theoretical analyses concerning the selection of methods for developing and obturating root canals and discussing the results of experimental studies available in the literature. These activities aimed to compare the importance of the most commonly used endodontic filling materials based on gutta-percha or polymeric polyester materials, commonly known as resilon, respectively. The motivation to take up this complex, multi-faceted topic in this paper is the extent of caries, periodontal disease, and other oral diseases in 3 to 5 billion people, often affecting toothlessness and contributing to an increase in the index of disability-adjusted life years (number). Endodontics is an important element of the authors’ concept of Dentistry Sustainable Development (DSD) > 2020. The principles of qualifying patients for endodontic treatment are discussed. The introduction of rotary tools, especially manufactured from Nitinol alloy, to develop root canals and the latest thermohydraulic and condensation techniques for obturation guarantee progress in endodontics. The “Digital Twins” methodology was used, rooted in the idea of Industry 4.0 and the resulting idea of Dentistry 4.0, as well as knowledge management methods, to perform experimental research in virtual space, concerning methods of developing and obturating the root canal and assessing the tightness of fillings. Microscopic visualization methods were also used. Significant factors determining the effectiveness of endodontic obturation are the selection of the filling material and the appropriate obturation method. The generalized dendrological matrix of endodontic filling materials considers the criteria of mechanical strength influencing the potential root fracture and the quality of root canal filling. The results of the SWOT point analysis (strengths and weaknesses, opportunities, threats) were also compared. For both filling materials, the weaknesses are much less than the strengths, while the threats are slightly less than the opportunities for the gutta-percha-based material, while for resilon the opportunities are much smaller than the threats. It requires the application of an appropriate development strategy, i.e., MAXI-MAXI in the case of a filling material based on gutta-percha and MAXI-MINI in the case of resilon. Therefore, the analysis of these experimental data does not indicate the real competitiveness of resilon for the gutta-percha-based material. This material deservedly maintains its strong position as the “Gold Standard of Endodontics”.
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18
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Prevalence of Dental Caries and Periodontal Disease of High School Students Aged 15 to 18 Years in Taiwan. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18199967. [PMID: 34639272 PMCID: PMC8508362 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18199967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Revised: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to assess the prevalence and distribution of dental caries and periodontal disease in Taiwanese high school students aged 15–18. A total of 1069 Taiwanese students participated in a cross-sectional nationwide dental survey. By using a stratified method based on the National Health Insurance administration regions, 24 high schools were randomly sampled in different areas of Taiwan. The participants were examined with dental mirrors and community periodontal index (CPI) probes without using radiographs, to measure dental caries and periodontal status. Demographic information and other relevant risk indicators for the two diseases were gathered via a self-report questionnaire. In this study population, the weighted mean decayed, missing and filled teeth (DMFT) scores for ages 15 to 18 were 5.2, 6.1, 6.1, and 5.7. The weighted mean decayed, missing and filled surfaces (DMFS) scores were 9.0, 12.0, 13.1, and 11.2 at ages 15, 16, 17, and 18, respectively. Additionally, 88.2% of the subjects had periodontal disease, with calculus as the most prevalent type. Moreover, 5.2% of these students showed loss of attachment. There was no significant association between dental caries and periodontal disease. Dental caries and periodontal disease were prevalent among Taiwanese high school students in this national dental survey.
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Eidenhardt Z, Ritsert A, Shankar-Subramanian S, Ebel S, Margraf-Stiksrud J, Deinzer R. Tooth brushing performance in adolescents as compared to the best-practice demonstrated in group prophylaxis programs: an observational study. BMC Oral Health 2021; 21:359. [PMID: 34284767 PMCID: PMC8290393 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-021-01692-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 05/30/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Research indicates that adolescents may have difficulties to adopt the tooth brushing recommendations delivered in prophylaxis programs. However, it is not clear whether these difficulties are seen amongst the entire age range of adolescence (10-19 years) or only occur at certain developmental stages of the adolescence. The present study analyzes the tooth brushing performance of adolescents and compares it to the best-practice of tooth brushing demonstrated during prophylaxis programs. METHODS A random sample of N = 66 adolescents, comprising 10-year-olds (n = 42) and 15-year-olds (n = 24), were asked to perform oral hygiene to the best of their abilities in front of a tablet camera. Videos were analyzed for tooth brushing duration, location, and brushing movements, and the difference between the actual and expected behaviour was tested for consistency using repeated measures ANOVAs and Student's t-tests. For the direct comparison across different age groups, already available data from 12- and 18-year-olds were reanalysed. RESULTS The average brushing time (mean ± SD) of the 10-year-olds and 15-year-olds was 195.8 s (74.6 s) and 196.1 s (75.8 s), respectively. Regardless of age, the adolescents distributed their brushing time unevenly across the inner, outer and occlusal surfaces. The inner surfaces in particular were neglected to a considerable extent, as no age group spent more than 15.8% of the total brushing time on them. Furthermore, all age groups showed a high proportion of horizontal movements on the inner and outer surfaces, regardless of the movements instructed for the respective surfaces. CONCLUSION Even if adolescents brush to the best of their abilities, they neglect or skip one or many of the tooth surfaces. The reasons for the lack of compliance to tooth brushing instructions are discussed in light of the methods used in prophylaxis programs and the influence of parents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zdenka Eidenhardt
- Department of Medical Psychology, Department of Medicine, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Klinikstr. 29, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Alexander Ritsert
- Department of Medical Psychology, Department of Medicine, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Klinikstr. 29, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Sadhvi Shankar-Subramanian
- Department of Medical Psychology, Department of Medicine, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Klinikstr. 29, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Stefanie Ebel
- Department of Medical Psychology, Department of Medicine, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Klinikstr. 29, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Jutta Margraf-Stiksrud
- Department of Psychology, Philipps University of Marburg, Gutenbergstr. 18, 35032 Marburg, Germany
| | - Renate Deinzer
- Department of Medical Psychology, Department of Medicine, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Klinikstr. 29, 35392 Giessen, Germany
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20
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Epidemiology and associated factors of gingivitis in adolescents in Guangdong Province, Southern China: a cross-sectional study. BMC Oral Health 2021; 21:311. [PMID: 34134691 PMCID: PMC8207589 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-021-01666-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gingivitis is the most prevalent form of periodontal disease in children and adolescents, being strongly associated to some socioeconomic factors and oral health behaviours. This study aimed to assess the prevalence of gingivitis and its association with socio-demographic factors and oral health-related behaviours in children aged 12-15 years in Guangdong, Southern China. METHODS A total of 7680 children were sampled using an equal-sized, stratified, multistage, random sampling method and clinically examined between December 2015 and April 2016. A questionnaire on socio-demographic factors and oral health-related behaviours related to gingivitis was completed by each of the selected children. Gingival bleeding was recorded using the Community Periodontal Index probe, and children with a gingival bleeding positive score ≥ 10% were defined as having gingivitis. A multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to assess the association between socio-demographic factors and gingivitis. All statistical tests were performed at a two-sided significance level of 0.05. RESULTS The weighted prevalence of gingivitis among 12-15-year-old children was 29.6%, with 22.6% having localised gingivitis and 7.0% having generalised gingivitis. Age differences were observed in the prevalence of gingivitis, whereas urban-rural differences were not. According to the multivariate logistic regression analysis results, factors such as increasing age, being the only child, lack of regular annual dental check-up, and heavy dental calculus were significantly associated with higher prevalence of gingivitis. In addition, the association of gingivitis with these factors was inconsistent among the urban and rural areas. CONCLUSIONS Dental calculus and oral health behaviour were found to be important factors for maintaining the gingival health of children aged 12-15 years in Guangdong. Maintaining gingival health in children requires promoting positive oral health behaviours and regular dental prophylaxis.
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21
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de Vasconcelos Gurgel BC, Queiroz SIML, Montenegro SCL, Calderon PDS, Lima KC. A Cross-Sectional Analysis on Factors Associated With Peri-Implant Pathologies at the Implant Level. J ORAL IMPLANTOL 2021; 47:223-229. [PMID: 32780859 DOI: 10.1563/aaid-joi-d-19-00233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Pathologies in peri-implant tissues are common and may disturb long-term implant supported rehabilitation. We aimed to evaluate the occurrence of such peri-implant diseases and their associated factors in this study. Peri-implantitis and mucositis were diagnosed based on clinical and radiological findings. Statistical analysis was performed with the X2 and logistic regression. Peri-implant mucositis and peri-implantitis were observed in 43.4% and 13.8% of patients with implants evaluated, respectively. Univariate analysis found associations with systemic changes (P = .016; yes), medication use (P = .010; yes), implant location (P < .0001; upper jaw), implant region (P = .008; posterior), previous augmentation procedure (P = .023; yes), time of prostheses use (P < .0001; >2 years), keratinized mucosa (P < .0001; absence); and gingival bleeding index (P = .005; >30%). In the multiple analysis, independent predictors were: >2 years of prostheses use (P < .0001; PR = 1.720), upper jaw location (P < .0001; PR = 1.421), gingival bleeding index >30% (P = .001; PR = 1.496), and use of medication (P < .0001; PR = 1.261). The frequency of peri-implant pathologies is high (approximately 57.2%) with several aspects of the occurrence being related to the patients' prosthesis. Prostheses type and the complexity of rehabilitation are worth highlighting. Factors include the location of the dental implant, gingival bleeding index, patient's use of medication(s), and the time of prostheses use.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Kenio Costa Lima
- Department of Dentistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil
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22
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GÖKTÜRK Ö, UCAN YARKAC F. Oral health-related quality of life in elderly and young patients with periodontal diseases. ACTA ODONTOLOGICA TURCICA 2021. [DOI: 10.17214/gaziaot.777153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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23
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Yoshida A, Bouziane A, Erraji S, Lakhdar L, Rhissassi M, Miyazaki H, Ansai T, Iwasaki M, Ennibi O. Etiology of aggressive periodontitis in individuals of African descent. JAPANESE DENTAL SCIENCE REVIEW 2021; 57:20-26. [PMID: 33737991 PMCID: PMC7946349 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdsr.2020.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2020] [Revised: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 12/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Aggressive periodontitis (AgP) is a form of periodontitis that affects adolescents and has a significantly higher prevalence in individuals of African descent. AgP typically shows familial aggregation, suggesting a genetic predisposition. Young age, good health status, rapid attachment loss, and familial aggregation are the primary features of this disease. AgP has been closely linked to specific bacterial strains of Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans. A. actinomycetemcomitans strains isolated from patients with AgP produce leukotoxin (LtxA), which specifically affects polymorphonuclear leukocytes in primates, especially humans. High-throughput 16S rRNA gene sequencing and bioinformatics analyses revealed differences in the subgingival microbiota between patients with AgP and those with chronic periodontitis (ChP). The genera Atopobium and Prevotella show increased prevalences in AgP than in ChP. According to AgP susceptibility, several single nucleotide polymorphisms have been detected in different genes in individuals of African descent. Interleukin (IL)-1α and IL-1β genetic polymorphisms may be associated with the severity of both ChP and AgP. An elevated serum level of IL-17 produced by Th17 cells may be a characteristic of AgP. Analyses of the relationships among bacteria, host defenses, genetic predisposition, and numerous other factors are required to understand the progression of this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akihiro Yoshida
- Department of Oral Microbiology, Faculty of Dentistry, Matsumoto Dental University, Shiojiri, Japan
| | - Amal Bouziane
- Department of Periodontology, School of Medicine Dentistry, Mohammed V University, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Samir Erraji
- Department of Periodontology, School of Medicine Dentistry, Mohammed V University, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Leila Lakhdar
- Department of Periodontology, School of Medicine Dentistry, Mohammed V University, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Meryem Rhissassi
- Department of Periodontology, School of Medicine Dentistry, Mohammed V University, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Hideo Miyazaki
- Department of Dental Technology, Meirin College, Niigata, Japan
| | - Toshihiro Ansai
- Division of Community Oral Health Development, Kyushu Dental University, Kitakyushu, Japan
| | | | - Oumkeltoum Ennibi
- Department of Periodontology, School of Medicine Dentistry, Mohammed V University, Rabat, Morocco
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Iwasaki M, Ennibi OK, Bouziane A, Erraji S, Lakhdar L, Rhissassi M, Ansai T, Yoshida A, Miyazaki H. Association between periodontitis and the Mediterranean diet in young Moroccan individuals. J Periodontal Res 2020; 56:408-414. [PMID: 33381869 DOI: 10.1111/jre.12833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2020] [Revised: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVES Adherence to the Mediterranean diet (MedDiet) has been reported to be associated with a lower risk of various chronic diseases. This cross-sectional study aimed to investigate the potential association between adherence to the MedDiet and periodontitis, which is highly prevalent in young Moroccan individuals. METHODS We evaluated 1075 Moroccan individuals (72% women, mean [standard deviation] age = 20.2 [1.5] years). Adherence to the MedDiet was assessed using the MedDiet score (MDS) based on the frequency of intake of eight food groups (vegetables, legumes, fruits, cereals or potatoes, fish, red meat, dairy products, and olive oil). A value of 0 (unhealthy) or 1 (healthy) was assigned to each food group, and the MDS (range, 0-8 points) was generated by adding the individual scores, with a higher score indicating better adherence to the MedDiet. The logistic regression model was used to evaluate the MDS (high [5-8 points]/low [0-4 points]) and each component score (1/0) with the presence of periodontitis, which was determined through full-mouth periodontal examinations. Age, sex, and oral health behavior were considered as potential confounders. RESULTS In total, 693 (64.5%) study participants showed high MDSs. Periodontitis was observed in 71 (6.6%) participants. No significant association between MDS and periodontitis was observed. Nonetheless, olive oil consumption, a component of the MDS, showed a significant inverse association with periodontitis (adjusted odds ratio = 0.55; 95% confidence interval, 0.32-0.96). CONCLUSIONS The MedDiet was not significantly associated with periodontitis among young Moroccans. However, frequent consumption of olive oil may have a protective effect against periodontitis, although the temporal association needs to be clarified in further studies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Oum Keltoum Ennibi
- Department of Periodontology, Laboratory of Oral Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Mohammed V University in Rabat, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Amal Bouziane
- Department of Periodontology, Laboratory of Oral Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Mohammed V University in Rabat, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Samir Erraji
- Department of Periodontology, Laboratory of Oral Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Mohammed V University in Rabat, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Leila Lakhdar
- Department of Periodontology, Laboratory of Oral Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Mohammed V University in Rabat, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Meryem Rhissassi
- Department of Periodontology, Laboratory of Oral Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Mohammed V University in Rabat, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Toshihiro Ansai
- Division of Community Oral Health Development, Kyushu Dental University, Kitakyushu, Japan
| | - Akihiro Yoshida
- Department of Oral Microbiology, Matsumoto Dental University, Shiojiri, Japan
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Treloar T, Bishop SS, Dodd V, Shaddox LM. Evaluating True Barriers to Dental Care for Patients with Periodontal Disease. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 7. [PMID: 33969184 PMCID: PMC8104443 DOI: 10.16966/2378-7090.347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Background: The cost of care is often reported as a primary reason why patients fail to seek dental treatment; however, this may not the only component. Aims/Objectives: To examine an underserved population’s perspective on the importance of dental care and barriers they face to seek treatment. The effectiveness of compliance incentives, such as gift cards, was also examined. Methods: We conducted a survey study to gain insight of an underserved population’s perspective of barriers to care and correlated the reported barriers with the true reasons of missed appointments in our study cohort. Appointment compliance was also examined before and after implementation of gift card incentives, appoitment reminder letters and additional staff. Results: Most patients felt dental care was important/very important to them. However, no correlations were found between survey responses and true reasons for missing appointments. Eighty-seven percent of patients report having some form of financial difficulty and compliance statistically improved after implementation of financial compensation in this population (69% completed appointments before gift card implementation versus 75% after gift card implementation, p=0.01), but not after the implementation of additional appointment reminders and contact staff. Discussion: Although the majority of patients reported dental care was important to them, there was an average of 31% missed appointments for patients who completed the survey and no correlations were found between the information patients reported and true reasons for non-compliance. Interestingly, even though care was free of charge, most patients reported to be in some form of financial difficulty and compliance was slightly improved through the implementation of financial compensation. Other potential barriers that need to be further examined include economic barriers, transportation, insurance utilization, and patient anxiety towards dental care. Conclusion: A survey is a resource to identify reasons why patients abstain from seeking care but may be not the best one as reasons reported do not correlate with true reasons of appointment failure. Financial compensation was shown to improve compliance with appointments. Further information gathering is necessary to gain insight into true barriers to dental care within an underserved population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tina Treloar
- Dental Programs Santa Fe College, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Susan S Bishop
- College of Dentistry Department of Oral Health Practice, UK Chandler Hospital, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Virginia Dodd
- Department of Health Education and Behavior, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Luciana Macchion Shaddox
- Research Division of Periodontology, Center for Oral Health Research, University of Kentucky College of Dentistry, Lexington KY, USA
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Abstract
This paper concerns the assessment of the current state of dentistry in the world and the prospects of its sustainable development. A traditional Chinese censer was adopted as the pattern, with a strong and stable support on three legs. The dominant diseases of the oral cavity are caries and periodontal diseases, with the inevitable consequence of toothlessness. From the caries 3.5–5 billion people suffer. Moreover, each of these diseases has a wide influence on the development of systemic complications. The territorial range of these diseases and their significant differentiation in severity in different countries and their impact on disability-adjusted life years index are presented (DALY). Edentulousness has a significant impact on the oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL). The etiology of these diseases is presented, as well as the preventive and therapeutic strategies undertaken as a result of modifying the Deming circle through the fives’ rules idea. The state of development of Dentistry 4.0 is an element of the current stage of the industrial revolution Industry 4.0 and the great achievements of modern dental engineering. Dental treatment examples from the authors’ own clinical practice are given. The systemic safety of a huge number of dentists in the world is discussed, in place of the passive strategy of using more and more advanced personal protective equipment (PPE), introducing our own strategy for the active prevention of the spread of pathogenic microorganisms, including SARS-CoV-2. The ethical aspects of dentists’ activity towards their own patients and the ethical obligations of the dentist community towards society are discussed in detail. This paper is a polemic arguing against the view presented by a group of eminent specialists in the middle of last year in The Lancet. It is impossible to disagree with these views when it comes to waiting for egalitarianism in dental care, increasing the scope of prevention and eliminating discrimination in this area on the basis of scarcity and poverty. The views on the discrimination of dentistry in relation to other branches of medicine are far more debatable. Therefore, relevant world statistics for other branches of medicine are presented. The authors of this paper do not agree with the thesis that interventional dental treatment can be replaced with properly implemented prophylaxis. The final remarks, therefore, present a discussion of the prospects for the development of dentistry based on three pillars, analogous to the traditional Chinese censer obtaining a stable balance thanks to its three legs. The Dentistry Sustainable Development (DSD) > 2020 model, consisting of Global Dental Prevention (GDP), Advanced Interventionist Dentistry 4.0 (AID 4.0), and Dentistry Safety System (DSS), is presented.
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Complex Dentoalveolar Fractures: Main Clinical Variables Description and Analysis. J Craniofac Surg 2020; 31:e761-e765. [PMID: 33136904 DOI: 10.1097/scs.0000000000006711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS AND OBJECTIVES To analyze and evaluate clinical features that define complex dentoalveolar trauma. MATERIALS AND METHODS Forty-five patients, with a mean age of 36.1 years, were included in the study; most patients were male (82.2%). The main clinical features defining dentoalveolar fractures were evaluated, including the status of the tooth, alveolar socket and adjacent soft tissues and their relationships with tooth loss. The relationship between splinting and tooth loss was also studied. The data were analyzed using descriptive and statistical methods. RESULTS A significant relationship was observed between the different clinical variables and tooth loss, in particular the status of the alveolar socket as the most relevant clinical factor; there was also a significant relationship between splinting and tooth loss, as this was the main protective factor. CONCLUSIONS Tooth loss prognosis following complex dentoalveolar trauma is related to the clinical features of the fracture, particularly the status of the alveolar socket and the possibility of using splinting as treatment.
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Tolerance and Persister Formation in Oral Streptococci. Antibiotics (Basel) 2020; 9:antibiotics9040167. [PMID: 32276310 PMCID: PMC7235787 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics9040167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2020] [Revised: 04/02/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to analyze the potential influence of long-term exposure in subinhibitory concentrations of chlorhexidine on the emergence of tolerant and/or persistent cells in oral streptococci. The two oral streptococcal isolates S. mutans ATCC25175 and S. sobrinus ATCC33402 were incubated, after long-term subinhibitory exposure to chlorhexidine, in liquid growth media containing high concentrations of chlorhexidine. A distinct subpopulation of more chlorhexidine-tolerant cells could be detected in streptococci that had been previously exposed to subinhibitory concentrations of chlorhexidine but not in the control strains. These more biocide-tolerant and persisting microbial subpopulations might also arise in vivo. Therefore, the rational and proper use of antimicrobials in dentistry, especially when used over a long period of time, is crucial.
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Beyer-Hans KMC, Sigrist MW, Silbereisen A, Ozturk VO, Emingil G, Bostanci N. Salivary Fingerprinting of Periodontal Disease by Infrared-ATR Spectroscopy. Proteomics Clin Appl 2020; 14:e1900092. [PMID: 31999389 DOI: 10.1002/prca.201900092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2019] [Revised: 12/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Periodontal diseases, the most common chronic inflammatory diseases in humans, do not only affect tooth-supporting tissues but also other body parts by contributing to the development of life-threatening conditions. Since currently available diagnostic methods in periodontics lack the ability to identify patients at high risk for periodontal disease progression, development of innovative, non-invasive, rapid detection methods for diagnosing periodontal diseases is needed. This study aims to assess the potential of infrared attenuated total reflection (IR-ATR) spectroscopy to detect differences in composition of saliva supernatant in non-periodontitis individuals (control) and patients with generalized aggressive periodontitis (G-AgP). EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN IR-ATR is performed with a wavelength interval from 1230 to 1180 cm-1 , analyzed with a simple subtraction in absorbance data. RESULTS Ten samples show in the analysis of variance of the two data sets a true difference (99.8%). A principal component analysis (PCA) is able to discriminate between G-AgP and control groups. CONCLUSION AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE This study demonstrates for the first time that IR-ATR spectroscopy is a promising tool for the analysis of saliva supernatant for the diagnosis of periodontitis, and potentially other periodontal conditions. IR-ATR spectroscopy holds the potential to be miniaturized and utilized as a non-invasive screening test.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Markus Werner Sigrist
- Laser Spectroscopy and Sensing Lab, Institute for Quantum Electronics, ETH Zurich, Zurich, 8093, Switzerland
| | - Angelika Silbereisen
- Section of Periodontology and Dental Prevention, Division of Oral Diseases, Department of Dental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, 14152, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Veli Ozgen Ozturk
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Adnan Menderes University, Aydin, 09100, Turkey
| | - Gulnur Emingil
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Egg University, Izmir, 35100, Turkey
| | - Nagihan Bostanci
- Section of Periodontology and Dental Prevention, Division of Oral Diseases, Department of Dental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, 14152, Stockholm, Sweden
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Díaz-Faes L, Fernández-Somoano A, Magán-Fernández A, Mesa F. Efficacy of regenerative therapy in aggressive periodontitis: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled clinical trials. Clin Oral Investig 2020; 24:1369-1378. [PMID: 32060656 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-020-03237-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2018] [Accepted: 02/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To analyse evidence regarding the efficacy of periodontal regenerative procedures in intrabony defects in patients treated for aggressive periodontitis (AgP). MATERIAL AND METHODS A systematic search of the literature for randomised controlled clinical trials including patients treated for aggressive periodontitis that compared a group treated with regenerative therapy with another group treated with surgical debridement alone was conducted by two independent reviewers. RESULTS Six studies were included in the meta-analysis of clinical and/or radiographic parameters at 6 and 12 months. Probing pocket depth was smaller at 6 months in patients treated with regenerative therapies compared with those treated with regular debridement (1.00 mm, p < 0.001, 95% CI (0.67, 1.34)). At 12 months this difference was more marked (0.41 mm, p = 0.12, 95% CI (- 0.10, 0.91)). The distance between the cemento-enamel junction and the alveolar crest at both 6 (1.36 mm, p < 0.001, 95% CI (1.03, 1.68)) and 12 months (0.90 mm, p = 0.01, 95% CI (0.24, 1.56)) was smaller in the group treated with regeneration. CONCLUSIONS The use of biomaterials for regenerative therapy in AgP may be more effective than surgical debridement. Better outcomes were observed in terms of probing pocket depth and distance between the cemento-enamel junction and the alveolar crest at 6 months. Regeneration should be considered as a therapy to prevent tooth loss, although more studies with larger sample size and longer follow-up are needed. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Periodontal regeneration is effective in the treatment of intrabony defects in patients with AgP, as it leads to better outcomes in clinical and radiographic parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucía Díaz-Faes
- Department of Periodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Granada, Granada, Spain.
| | - Ana Fernández-Somoano
- Department of Medicine, University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Asturias, Spain
- Biomedical Research Consortium in Epidemiology and Public Health Network (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Francisco Mesa
- Department of Periodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
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AlGhamdi A, Almarghlani A, Alyafi R, Ibraheem W, Assaggaf M, Howait M, Alsofi L, Banjar A, Al-Zahrani M, Kayal R. Prevalence of periodontitis in high school children in Saudi Arabia: a national study. Ann Saudi Med 2020; 40:7-14. [PMID: 32026714 PMCID: PMC7012028 DOI: 10.5144/0256-4947.2020.7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The occurrence of periodontitis is rather infrequent in children and adolescence and increases with age. We conducted this study because there have been few epidemiological studies on prevalence of periodontitis in children in Saudi Arabia. OBJECTIVE Determine the prevalence of periodontitis in high school children in Saudi Arabia. DESIGN Cross-sectional, using cluster and multistage sampling. SETTING High school children in Saudi Arabia. PARTICIPANTS AND METHODS Periodontal examinations were conducted on a randomized sample of high school children between the ages 15 to 19 in Saudi Arabia. The study spanned from September 2012 to January 2016. Clinical examinations included measurements of the probing depth (PD) percentage of PD ≥4 mm per patient. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES The prevalence of periodontitis (PD ≥4 mm and CAL ≥1 mm), the mean percentage PD ≥4 mm, the mean percentage CAL ≥1 mm, plaque index (PI) and gingival index (GI). SAMPLE SIZE 2435 high school students. RESULTS Of 2435 high school children in the sample, 209 students (8.6%) had periodontitis. The mean (standard deviation) for the PD was 0.59 (0.17) mm. Differences in percentage PD ≥4 mm and CAL ≥1 mm were greater in students with periodontitis ( P<.001). The prevalence of periodontitis was higher among non-Saudis, students who did not brush their teeth and did not visit their dentist regularly. In the bivariate analysis, periodontitis was positively associated with GI, PI, number of teeth extracted, mean percentage PD ≥4 mm, and mean PD. However, in the multivariate analysis, tooth brushing was the main factor protective against periodontitis (odds ratio: 0.62, 95% CI 0.42-0.92, P=.017). CONCLUSION Periodontitis prevalence was high compared with Western countries in a nationally representative sample of high school students in Saudi Arabia. LIMITATIONS Partial mouth study design, which may underestimate the disease prevalence. CONFLICT OF INTEREST None.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali AlGhamdi
- From the Faculty of Dentistry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ammar Almarghlani
- From the Faculty of Dentistry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rusha Alyafi
- From the Faculty of Dentistry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Wael Ibraheem
- From the Faculty of Dentistry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad Assaggaf
- From the Faculty of Dentistry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Howait
- From the Faculty of Dentistry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Loai Alsofi
- From the Faculty of Dentistry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Arwa Banjar
- From the Faculty of Dentistry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad Al-Zahrani
- From the Faculty of Dentistry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rayyan Kayal
- From the Faculty of Dentistry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
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Bernhardt O, Krey KF, Daboul A, Völzke H, Kindler S, Kocher T, Schwahn C. New insights in the link between malocclusion and periodontal disease. J Clin Periodontol 2019; 46:144-159. [PMID: 30636328 DOI: 10.1111/jcpe.13062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2018] [Revised: 12/18/2018] [Accepted: 01/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
AIM We aimed to investigate associations between malocclusions and periodontal disease by comparing it to that of smoking in subjects recruited from the population-based cross-sectional study "Study of Health in Pomerania." MATERIALS AND METHODS Sagittal intermaxillary relationship, variables of malocclusion and socio-demographic parameters of 1,202 dentate subjects, 20-39 years of age, were selected. Probing depth (PD) and attachment loss (AL) were assessed at four sites by tooth in a half-mouth design. Analyses were performed with multilevel models on subject, jaw and tooth level. RESULTS Distal occlusion determined in the canine region, ectopic position of canines, anterior spacing, deep anterior overbite and increased sagittal overjet were associated with AL (p-value <0.05). Associations between malocclusions and PD: deep anterior overbite with gingival contact (odds ratio [OR] = 1.40, 95% CI: 1.08-1.82; p-value = 0.0101) and anterior crossbite (OR = 1.75, 95% CI: 1.29-2.38; p-value = 0.0003). Regarding crowding, only severe anterior crowding was compatible with a moderate to large association with PD (OR = 1.93, 95% CI: 0.89-4.20). Compared to smoking, the overall effect of malocclusions was about one half for AL and one-third for PD. CONCLUSION Malocclusions or morphologic parameters were associated with periodontal disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olaf Bernhardt
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Periodontology, Endodontology, Preventive Dentistry and Pediatric Dentistry, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Karl-Friedrich Krey
- Department of Orthodontics, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Amro Daboul
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, Gerodontology and Biomaterials, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Henry Völzke
- Institute for Community Medicine, Section Epidemiology of Health Care and Community Health, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Stefan Kindler
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery/Plastic Surgery, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Thomas Kocher
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Periodontology, Endodontology, Preventive Dentistry and Pediatric Dentistry, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Christian Schwahn
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, Gerodontology and Biomaterials, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
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Fusobacterium nucleatum Facilitates Apoptosis, ROS Generation, and Inflammatory Cytokine Production by Activating AKT/MAPK and NF- κB Signaling Pathways in Human Gingival Fibroblasts. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2019; 2019:1681972. [PMID: 31737164 PMCID: PMC6815639 DOI: 10.1155/2019/1681972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2018] [Revised: 05/24/2019] [Accepted: 06/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Fusobacterium nucleatum (F. nucleatum) plays key roles in the initiation and progression of periodontitis. However, the pathogenic effect of F. nucleatum on human oral tissues and cells has not been fully evaluated. In this study, we aimed to analyze the pathogenic effects of F. nucleatum on human gingival fibroblasts (GFs) and clarify the potential mechanisms. RNA-sequencing analysis confirmed that F. nucleatum significantly altered the gene expression of GF as the stimulation time increased. Cell counting and EdU-labeling assays indicated that F. nucleatum inhibited GF proliferation and promoted cell apoptosis in a time- and dose-dependent manner. In addition, cell apoptosis, intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, and proinflammatory cytokine production were dramatically elevated after F. nucleatum stimulation. Furthermore, we found that the AKT/MAPK and NF-κB signaling pathways were significantly activated by F. nucleatum infection and that a large number of genes related to cellular proliferation, apoptosis, ROS, and inflammatory cytokine production downstream of AKT/MAPK and NF-κB signaling pathways were significantly altered in F. nucleatum-stimulated GFs. These findings suggest that F. nucleatum inhibits GF proliferation and promotes cell apoptosis, ROS generation, and inflammatory cytokine production partly by activating the AKT/MAPK and NF-κB signaling pathways. Our study opens a new window for understanding the pathogenic effects of periodontal pathogens on the host oral system.
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Taiete T, Monteiro MF, Casati MZ, do Vale HF, Ambosano GMB, Nociti FH, Sallum EA, Casarin RCV. Local IL-10 level as a predictive factor in generalized aggressive periodontitis treatment response. Scand J Immunol 2019; 90:e12816. [PMID: 31448837 DOI: 10.1111/sji.12816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2019] [Revised: 08/07/2019] [Accepted: 08/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Generalized aggressive periodontitis (GAgP) presents a reduced response to non-surgical therapy. However, it is not clear if the initial clinical, microbiological or immunological characteristics are impacting the worse response to treatment. This study aimed to identify the predictive value of clinical, microbiological and immunological patterns on the clinical response to therapy in GAgP patients. Twenty-four GAgP patients were selected, and gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) and subgingival biofilm were collected. Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, Porphyromonas gingivalis and Tannerella forsythia levels were evaluated by qPCR, and IL-1β and IL-10 concentration by ELISA. Twelve patients were treated with SRP (scaling and root planning), and twelve with SRP plus 375 mg amoxicillin and 250 mg metronidazole (8/8 hours, 7 days) (SRP + AM). The clinical changes (Probing Pocket Depth [PPD] reduction and Clinical Attachment Level [CAL] gain) 6 months post-treatment were correlated to the initial clinical, inflammatory and microbiological variables using stepwise logistic regression (α = 5%). CAL gain at 6 months was 1.16 ± 0.77 for SRP and 1.74 ± 0.57 mm for SRP + AM (P > .05). PPD reduction was 1.96 ± 0.82 for SRP and 2.45 ± 0.77 mm for SRP + AM (P < .05). In the SRP group, IL-10 showed a predictive value for clinical response. The higher the IL-10 concentration at baseline, the higher the reduction in PPD at 6 months (P = .01, r = .68). However, when antimicrobials were administered, no significant influence was detected (P > .05). It can be concluded that the IL-10 levels in GFC act as a predictor of clinical response to GAgP. Moreover, the intake of antimicrobials appears to overlap the influence of the inflammatory response on clinical response to treatment. Clinical trial registration number: NCT03933501.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiago Taiete
- Department of Prosthodontics and Periodontics, Periodontics Division, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil.,Department of Dentistry, University of Araras, Araras, SP, Brazil
| | - Mabelle F Monteiro
- Department of Prosthodontics and Periodontics, Periodontics Division, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
| | - Marcio Z Casati
- Department of Prosthodontics and Periodontics, Periodontics Division, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil.,Department of Periodontics, Paulista University, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Glaucia M B Ambosano
- Division of Biostatistics, Piracicaba Dental School, State University of Campinas, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
| | - Francisco H Nociti
- Department of Prosthodontics and Periodontics, Periodontics Division, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
| | - Enilson A Sallum
- Department of Prosthodontics and Periodontics, Periodontics Division, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
| | - Renato C V Casarin
- Department of Prosthodontics and Periodontics, Periodontics Division, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
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Räisänen IT, Heikkinen AM, Pakbaznejad Esmaeili E, Tervahartiala T, Pajukanta R, Silbereisen A, Bostanci N, Sorsa T. A point‐of‐care test of active matrix metalloproteinase‐8 predicts triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells‐1 (TREM‐1) levels in saliva. J Periodontol 2019; 91:102-109. [DOI: 10.1002/jper.19-0132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2019] [Revised: 04/16/2019] [Accepted: 05/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ismo T. Räisänen
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial DiseasesHead and Neck CenterUniversity of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital Helsinki Finland
| | - Anna Maria Heikkinen
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial DiseasesHead and Neck CenterUniversity of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital Helsinki Finland
| | - Elmira Pakbaznejad Esmaeili
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial DiseasesHead and Neck CenterUniversity of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital Helsinki Finland
| | - Taina Tervahartiala
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial DiseasesHead and Neck CenterUniversity of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital Helsinki Finland
| | - Riitta Pajukanta
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial DiseasesHead and Neck CenterUniversity of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital Helsinki Finland
| | - Angelika Silbereisen
- Section of Periodontology and Dental PreventionDivision of Oral DiseasesDepartment of Dental MedicineKarolinska Institutet Huddinge Sweden
| | - Nagihan Bostanci
- Section of Periodontology and Dental PreventionDivision of Oral DiseasesDepartment of Dental MedicineKarolinska Institutet Huddinge Sweden
| | - Timo Sorsa
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial DiseasesHead and Neck CenterUniversity of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital Helsinki Finland
- Section of Periodontology and Dental PreventionDivision of Oral DiseasesDepartment of Dental MedicineKarolinska Institutet Huddinge Sweden
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36
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Taiete T, Casati MZ, Martins L, Andia DC, Mofatto LS, Coletta RD, Monteiro MF, Araújo CF, Santamaria MP, Corrêa MG, Sallum EA, Nociti FH, Casarin RC. Novel rare frameshift variation in aggressive periodontitis: Exomic and familial-screening analysis. J Periodontol 2019; 91:263-273. [PMID: 31373687 DOI: 10.1002/jper.19-0182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2019] [Revised: 06/16/2019] [Accepted: 06/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Aggressive periodontitis (AgP), currently periodontitis grade C, presents early onset, rapid progression, and a poorly established genetic association. Thus, this study aimed to identify genetic variants associated with AgP via whole exome sequencing (WES) through a familial screening approach. METHODS WES was performed in two nuclear families, including a proband and a parent affected by AgP and an unaffected parent and sibling. Common variants among affected individuals, excluding those common to healthy people, from each family, composed the data set associated with AgP. In silico analysis evaluated the impact of each variant on protein structure and protein-protein interactions. Moreover, identified deleterious variants were validated in a populational analysis (n = 96). RESULTS The missense single nucleotide variations (SNVs) rs142548867 in EEFSEC (c.668C>T), rs574301770 in ZNF136 (c.466C>G), and rs72821893 in KRT25 (c.800G>A) and the frameshift indels rs37146475 in GPRC6A (c.2323-2324insT) and c.1366_1372insGGAGCAG in ELN were identified in AgP and have a predicted functional impact on proteins. In silico analysis indicated that the indel in GPRC6A generates a loss of the C-terminal tail of the Gprca protein. Furthermore, this SNV was significantly associated with AgP in a population-based investigation. CONCLUSION Novel frameshift variation in GPRC6A (c.2323-2324insT) was identified as a potential genetic alteration associated with AgP occurrence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiago Taiete
- Department of Prosthodontics and Periodontics, Periodontics Division, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil.,Department of Dentistry, University of Araras, Araras, SP, Brazil
| | - Marcio Z Casati
- Department of Prosthodontics and Periodontics, Periodontics Division, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil.,Department of Periodontics, Paulista University, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Luciane Martins
- Department of Prosthodontics and Periodontics, Periodontics Division, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
| | - Denise C Andia
- Department of Prosthodontics and Periodontics, Periodontics Division, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil.,Dental Research Division, School of Dentistry, Paulista University, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Luciana S Mofatto
- Department of Genetics, Evolution and Bioagents, Genomic and Expression Laboratory, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Ricardo D Coletta
- Department of Oral Diagnosis, School of Dentistry, University of Campinas, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
| | - Mabelle F Monteiro
- Department of Prosthodontics and Periodontics, Periodontics Division, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
| | - Cássia F Araújo
- Department of Diagnosis and Surgery, School of Dentistry, State University of São Paulo (UNESP), São José dos Campos, Brazil
| | - Mauro P Santamaria
- Department of Diagnosis and Surgery, School of Dentistry, State University of São Paulo (UNESP), São José dos Campos, Brazil
| | - Mônica G Corrêa
- Dental Research Division, School of Dentistry, Paulista University, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Enilson A Sallum
- Department of Prosthodontics and Periodontics, Periodontics Division, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
| | - Francisco H Nociti
- Department of Prosthodontics and Periodontics, Periodontics Division, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
| | - Renato C Casarin
- Department of Prosthodontics and Periodontics, Periodontics Division, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
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Górski B, Jalowski S, Górska R, Zaremba M. Treatment of intrabony defects with modified perforated membranes in aggressive periodontitis: a 4-year follow-up of a randomized controlled trial. Clin Oral Investig 2019; 24:1183-1196. [PMID: 31324986 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-019-02982-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2019] [Accepted: 06/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE (1) To assess long-term outcomes 4 years following guided tissue regeneration (GTR) of intrabony defects in patients diagnosed with aggressive periodontitis (AgP) and (2) to identify predictors of clinical attachment level (CAL) gain and bone/graft density gain. MATERIALS AND METHODS In 15 patients, two deep intrabony defects were randomly treated with xenogenic graft plus modified perforated membranes (MPM, tests) or xenogenic graft plus standard collagen membranes (CM, controls). After 4 years, clinical and radiographic outcomes were evaluated and compared with outcomes at baseline and after 1 year. RESULTS After 4 years, 14 test sites and 13 control sites were available for analysis. One tooth was lost as a result of root fracture. There were significant improvements in all evaluated parameters after 1 and 4 years in relation to baseline, but no differences were observed between tests and controls. However, some non-significant changes were found between 1 and 4 years. Regression analyses showed that recurrence of periodontitis was a significant predictor for CAL gain (p = 0.001) and bone/graft density gain (p = 0.024) from 1 to 4 years. CONCLUSIONS GTR of intrabony defects in AgP with either standard or modified CM yielded similarly successful and maintainable clinical benefits for compromised teeth 4 years following the surgery. The use of MPM showed no additional benefit. CLINICAL RELEVANCE This study demonstrates that most of the positive outcomes of GTR in AgP may be preserved over 4 years. Periodontitis recurrence might influence long-term outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bartłomiej Górski
- Department of Periodontology and Oral Mucosa Diseases, Medical University of Warsaw, Miodowa St 18, 00-246, Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Stanisław Jalowski
- Department of Dental and Maxillofacial Radiology, Medical University of Warsaw, Nowogrodzka St 59, 02-006, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Renata Górska
- Department of Periodontology and Oral Mucosa Diseases, Medical University of Warsaw, Miodowa St 18, 00-246, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Maciej Zaremba
- Department of Periodontology and Oral Mucosa Diseases, Medical University of Warsaw, Miodowa St 18, 00-246, Warsaw, Poland
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38
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Alghamdi AS, Almarghlani AA. Periodontal pathogenic bacteria among high school children in Saudi Arabia. Ann Saudi Med 2019; 39:244-250. [PMID: 31381369 PMCID: PMC6838648 DOI: 10.5144/0256-4947.2019.244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2019] [Accepted: 06/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The periodontal tissues are continuously exposed to specific bacterial components that have the ability to alter many local functions. Normal endogenous infections in healthy mouths cause disease when their numbers increase significantly. OBJECTIVE Determine the percentage of different periodontal pathogenic bacteria and their association with periodontal status. DESIGN Cross-sectional, analytical. SETTINGS School children of both genders in Saudi Arabia. PATIENTS AND METHODS Clinical examination consisted of measurement of the gingival and periodontal supporting tissue including attachment loss, probing pocket depth and furcation involvement following the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) and taking samples of the subgingival bacterial flora. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES The percentage of periodontal pathogenic bacteria and its association with periodontal status in Saudi Arabia. SAMPLE SIZE Bacterial samples were collected from 277 subjects. RESULTS Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans was present in 21.7% of the subjects, Porphyromonas gingivalis in 21.3%; Tannerella forsythia in 10.1%; Treponema denticola in 34.7% and Prevotella inter-media in 12.3%. The red complex bacteria were found in 2.9% of the subjects. CONCLUSIONS The percentages of bacteria varied but only T denticola was significantly associated with periodontal breakdown. In addition, the presence of more than 2 of the 5 species tested were significantly associated with tissue damage. LIMITATIONS Cannot be generalized to all of Saudi Arabia. Larger controlled studies are needed. CONFLICT OF INTEREST None.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali S. Alghamdi
- From the Department of Periodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ammar A. Almarghlani
- From the Department of Periodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
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39
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Jensen AB, Haubek D, Claesson R, Johansson A, Nørskov‐Lauritsen N. Comprehensive antimicrobial susceptibility testing of a large collection of clinical strains ofAggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitansdoes not identify resistance to amoxicillin. J Clin Periodontol 2019; 46:846-854. [DOI: 10.1111/jcpe.13148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2018] [Revised: 03/21/2019] [Accepted: 05/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anne B. Jensen
- Department of Dentistry and Oral Health Aarhus University Aarhus Denmark
- Department of Clinical Microbiology Aarhus University Hospital Aarhus Denmark
| | - Dorte Haubek
- Department of Dentistry and Oral Health Aarhus University Aarhus Denmark
| | - Rolf Claesson
- Division of Oral Microbiology, Department of Odontology, Faculty of Medicine and Odontology Umeå University Umeå Sweden
| | - Anders Johansson
- Division of Periodontology, Department of Odontology, Faculty of Medicine and Odontology Umeå University Umeå Sweden
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40
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Veillard F, Sztukowska M, Nowakowska Z, Mizgalska D, Thøgersen IB, Enghild JJ, Bogyo M, Potempa B, Nguyen KA, Potempa J. Proteolytic processing and activation of gingipain zymogens secreted by T9SS of Porphyromonas gingivalis. Biochimie 2019; 166:161-172. [PMID: 31212040 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2019.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2019] [Accepted: 06/13/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Porphyromonas gingivalis uses a type IX secretion system (T9SS) to deliver more than 30 proteins to the bacterial surface using a conserved C-terminal domain (CTD) as an outer membrane translocation signal. On the surface, the CTD is cleaved and an anionic lipopolysaccharide (A-PLS) is attached by PorU sortase. Among T9SS cargo proteins are cysteine proteases, gingipains, which are secreted as inactive zymogens requiring removal of an inhibiting N-terminal prodomain (PD) for activation. Here, we have shown that the gingipain proRgpB isolated from the periplasm of a T9SS-deficient P. gingivalis strain was stable and did not undergo autocatalytic activation. Addition of purified, active RgpA or RgpB, but not Lys-specific Kgp, efficiently cleaved the PD of proRgpB but catalytic activity remained inhibited because of inhibition of the catalytic domain in trans by the PD. In contrast, active RgpB was generated from the zymogen, although at a slow rate, by gingipain-null P. gingivalis lysate or intact bacterial cell suspension. This activation was dependent on the presence of the PorU sortase. Interestingly, maturation of proRgpB with the catalytic cysteine residues mutated to Ala expressed in the ΔRgpA mutant strain was indistinguishable from that in the parental strain. Cumulatively, this suggests that PorU not only has sortase activity but is also engaged in activation of gingipain zymogens on the bacterial cell surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Veillard
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, Insect Models of Innate Immunity (M3I; UPR9022), 67084, Strasbourg, France; Department of Oral Immunity and Infectious Diseases, University of Louisville School of Dentistry, Louisville, KY, USA.
| | - Maryta Sztukowska
- Department of Oral Immunity and Infectious Diseases, University of Louisville School of Dentistry, Louisville, KY, USA; University of Information Technology and Management, Rzeszow, Poland
| | - Zuzanna Nowakowska
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland; Malopolska Centre of Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Danuta Mizgalska
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Ida B Thøgersen
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO), and the Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Aarhus, DK-8000, Denmark
| | - Jan J Enghild
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO), and the Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Aarhus, DK-8000, Denmark
| | - Matthew Bogyo
- Department of Pathology and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Barbara Potempa
- Department of Oral Immunity and Infectious Diseases, University of Louisville School of Dentistry, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Ky-Anh Nguyen
- Discipline of Life Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia; Institute of Dental Research, Westmead Centre for Oral Health, Sydney, NSW, 2145, Australia
| | - Jan Potempa
- Department of Oral Immunity and Infectious Diseases, University of Louisville School of Dentistry, Louisville, KY, USA; Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland.
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Ruetters M, Hagenfeld D, ElSayed N, Zimmermann N, Gehrig H, Kim TS. Ex vivo comparison of CBCT and digital periapical radiographs for the quantitative assessment of periodontal defects. Clin Oral Investig 2019; 24:377-384. [PMID: 31104109 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-019-02933-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2018] [Accepted: 04/30/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Accurate imaging is essential for effective treatment planning in periodontology. The aim of this ex vivo study was to investigate the accuracy of cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) and digital periapical radiographs (PA) in imaging periodontal defects. Hypotheses are: 1. That CBCT is a more accurate method than PA concerning vertical measurements of periodontal bone defects2. That CBCT itself is an accurate method to describe vertical periodontal bone loss MATERIAL AND METHODS: In this study, 117 periodontal defects from 10 human cadavers were investigated radiographically by CBCT and PA by one calibrated observer. Afterwards the vertical bone loss was measured with a periodontal probe by the same calibrated observer. Differences between radiographic and clinical measurements were calculated and analyzed. Bland-Altmann plots including 95% limits of agreement were calculated. RESULTS The 95% limits of agreement ranged from 3.29 to -3.27 mm between clinical measurements and measurements in PAs, and from 2.13 to -1.97 mm in CBCTs. The mean difference between clinical and radiographic measurements was 0.0009 mm for PA and 0.0835 mm for CBCT. CONCLUSIONS When comparing the clinical measurements, CBCT had a higher agreement and less deviations than PAs, and CBCT seems to be an accurate method to describe vertical periodontal bone loss. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Accurate description of defects is helpful for accurate treatment planning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maurice Ruetters
- Section of Periodontology, Department of Operative Dentistry, University Hospital Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 400, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany. .,, Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - D Hagenfeld
- Section of Periodontology, Department of Operative Dentistry, University Hospital Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 400, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.,Department of Periodontology and Restorative Dentistry, University Hospital Münster, Waldeyer Str. 30, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - N ElSayed
- Section of Periodontology, Department of Operative Dentistry, University Hospital Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 400, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - N Zimmermann
- Section of Periodontology, Department of Operative Dentistry, University Hospital Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 400, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - H Gehrig
- Section of Periodontology, Department of Operative Dentistry, University Hospital Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 400, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - T-S Kim
- Section of Periodontology, Department of Operative Dentistry, University Hospital Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 400, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
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Yao K, Yao Y, Shen X, Lu C, Guo Q. Assessment of the oral health behavior, knowledge and status among dental and medical undergraduate students: a cross-sectional study. BMC Oral Health 2019; 19:26. [PMID: 30696440 PMCID: PMC6352450 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-019-0716-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2018] [Accepted: 01/18/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background It is widely accepted that oral health plays an important role in overall health. Both dental and medical students are expected to possess good oral health awareness and work together for public oral health promotion especially in developing countries like China. The aim of this study was to assess the oral health knowledge, behavior and status of dental and medical undergraduate students in the first (fresh) and third year (before specialized courses) study. Methods A self-administered structured questionnaire with 13 questions was designed based on oral health knowledge, behavior and status and a cross-sectional study was conducted among the 1st, 3rd year dental students (1DS, 3DS) and medical students (1MS, 3MS) of Sichuan University in Chengdu, China, in the period of September–December 2017. The data was analyzed by chi-square test using IBM SPSS Statistics v. 21.0. Results The oral health behavior, consciousness and status of the 1st, 3rd year medical and dental students were not optimistic. Dental freshmen were slightly superior to the medical ones in terms of the brushing methods and the awareness of oral disease-systemic disease relationship. The junior dental students showed highly significant improvement than their counterparts, mainly in the items about frequency of brushing teeth, brushing methods of vertical scrub or Bass technique (66.3%), usage of floss or mouth wash (49.7%), causes of caries, periodontal diseases and system diseases (56.9–83.4%). The rates mentioned above were 36.1, 15.8%, 26.7–43.6% among 3MS, respectively. In terms of oral health status, significant differences were only observed in junior students. The prevalence rates of bad breath, gum bleeding, and tooth discoloration among 3DS were obviously lower than those of 3MS. However, only a total of 17.2% junior students had a good oral health, including 23.8% dental students and 11.4% medical students. Conclusions Our study provided a new understanding of oral health knowledge, behavior and status among dental and medical students, which may help to promote the reform of oral health education and establish a model for clinicians and dentists to work together for improving oral health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yufei Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xin Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Changqing Lu
- Department of Anatomy, West China School of Basic Medical and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
| | - Qiang Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
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Ebersole JL, Orraca L, Novak MJ, Kirakodu S, Gonzalez-Martinez J, Gonzalez OA. Comparative Analysis of Gene Expression Patterns for Oral Epithelium-Related Functions with Aging. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2019; 1197:143-163. [PMID: 31732940 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-28524-1_11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Epithelial cells and functions of the epithelium are critical to the health of the oral cavity. We used a nonhuman primate model to profile the transcriptome of gingival tissues in health across the lifespan and hypothesized that in older animals, epithelial-related transcriptome patterns would reflect epithelial cells that are aggressively responsive to the surrounding environment and less able to modulate and resolve the noxious challenge from the bacteria. Rhesus monkeys (n = 34) with a healthy periodontium were distributed into four groups: ≤3 years (young), 3-7 years (adolescent), 12-16 years (adult), and 18-23 years (aged), and a buccal gingival sample from the premolar/molar region of each animal was obtained. RNA was subjected to a microarray analysis (GeneChip® Rhesus Macaque Genome Array, Affymetrix), and 336 genes examined that are linked to epithelium and epithelial cell functions categorized into 9 broad functional groups: extracellular matrix and cell structure; extracellular matrix remodeling enzymes; cell adhesion molecules, cytoskeleton regulation; inflammatory response; growth factors; kinases/cell signaling; cell surface receptors; junction associated molecules; autophagy/apoptosis; antimicrobial peptides; and transcription factors. Total of 255 genes displayed a normalized signal >100, and differences across the age groups were observed primarily in extracellular matrix and cell structure, cell adhesion molecules, and cell surface receptor gene categories with elevations in the aged tissues. Keratins 2, 5, 6B, 13, 16, 17 were all significantly increased in healthy-aged tissues versus adults, and keratins 1 and 2 were significantly decreased in young animals. Approximately 15 integrins are highly expressed in the gingival tissues across the age groups with only ITGA8, ITGAM (CD11b), and ITGB2 significantly increased in the aged tissues. Little impact of aging on desmosomal/hemidesmosomal genes was noted. These results suggest that healthy gingival aging has a relatively limited impact on the broader functions of the epithelium and epithelial cells, with some effects on genes for extracellular matrix and cell adhesion molecules (e.g., integrins). Thus, while there is a substantial impact of aging on immune system targets even in healthy gingiva, it appears that the epithelial barrier remains reasonably molecularly intact in this model system.
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Affiliation(s)
- J L Ebersole
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Dental Medicine, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Las Vegas, NV, USA.
| | - L Orraca
- School of Dental Medicine, University of Puerto Rico, San Juan, Puerto Rico
| | - M J Novak
- Center for Oral Health Research, College of Dentistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA.,Division of Periodontology, University College of Dentistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - S Kirakodu
- Center for Oral Health Research, College of Dentistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA.,Division of Periodontology, University College of Dentistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - J Gonzalez-Martinez
- Caribbean Primate Research Center, College of Dentistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - O A Gonzalez
- Center for Oral Health Research, College of Dentistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA.,Division of Periodontology, College of Dentistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
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Heikkinen AM, Räisänen IT, Tervahartiala T, Sorsa T. Cross-sectional analysis of risk factors for subclinical periodontitis; active matrix metalloproteinase-8 as a potential indicator in initial periodontitis in adolescents. J Periodontol 2018; 90:484-492. [PMID: 30397915 DOI: 10.1002/jper.18-0450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2018] [Revised: 09/23/2018] [Accepted: 10/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to investigate how different patient-related risk indicators might be associated with the odds of developing subclinical periodontitis in adolescents. METHODS This cross-sectional study included 252 Finnish individuals aged 15 to 16 years, of whom 141 were boys and 111 girls. A specially trained dentist performed clinical examinations: measurements included periodontal indexes (bleeding on probing, visible plaque index, root calculus, and probing depth, smoking by pack-years, periodontal bacteria (Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, Porphyromonas gingivalis, Tannerella forsythia, Prevotella intermedia, Prevotella nigrescens, and Treponema denticola) and the potential salivary periodontal biomarkers (active matrix metalloproteinase-8 [aMMP-8], polymorphonuclear leukocyte elastase [PMN elastase], and total protein, albumin, immunoglobulin A, immunoglobulin G, and immunoglobulin M). Results were analyzed by ordinal logistic regression, one-way analysis of variance, Fisher exact test, and Kruskal-Wallis H test. RESULTS The main finding of this study was that subclinical periodontitis in adolescents was statistically significantly associated with elevated salivary aMMP-8 but not with PMN elastase. Also, adolescents with subclinical periodontitis had statistically significantly higher levels of bleeding on probing, root calculus, and dental plaque than adolescents without subclinical periodontitis. CONCLUSIONS We suggest that the main risk factor for subclinical periodontitis in adolescents is the partly calcified, dysbiotic bacterial biofilm, which interacts with the immune defenses of the host; this leads to gingival inflammation and eventually to deepening periodontal pockets. This proinflammatory subclinical periodontitis stage, which represents stage I periodontitis in the new classification, is reflected as elevated salivary aMMP-8 levels in oral fluids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Maria Heikkinen
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, Head and Neck Center, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Ismo T Räisänen
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, Head and Neck Center, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Taina Tervahartiala
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, University of Helsinki Clinicum, Helsinki, Uusimaa, Finland
| | - Timo Sorsa
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, Head and Neck Center, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Dental Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Huddinge, Sweden
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45
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Bäumer A, Kappesz D, Ozga AK, Mertens C, Eickholz P, Pretzl B. Oral health-related quality of life and standard of treatment in aggressive periodontitis patients more than 5 years after therapy. J Clin Periodontol 2018; 45:1347-1355. [DOI: 10.1111/jcpe.13011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2017] [Revised: 02/09/2018] [Accepted: 09/07/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Amelie Bäumer
- Section of Periodontology; Department of Conservative Dentistry; Clinic for Oral, Dental and Maxillofacial Diseases; University Hospital Heidelberg; Heidelberg Germany
- Private Practice; Bielefeld Germany
| | - Dieter Kappesz
- Section of Periodontology; Department of Conservative Dentistry; Clinic for Oral, Dental and Maxillofacial Diseases; University Hospital Heidelberg; Heidelberg Germany
- Private Practice; Hamburg Germany
| | - Ann-Kathrin Ozga
- Institute of Medical Biometry and Informatics (IMBI); University Hospital Heidelberg; Heidelberg Germany
| | - Christian Mertens
- Department of Oral- and Cranio-Maxillofacial Surgery; Clinic for Oral, Dental and Maxillofacial Diseases; University Hospital Heidelberg; Heidelberg Germany
| | - Peter Eickholz
- Department of Periodontology; Center of Dentistry and Oral Medicine (Carolinum); Johann Wolfgang Goethe-University; Frankfurt Germany
| | - Bernadette Pretzl
- Section of Periodontology; Department of Conservative Dentistry; Clinic for Oral, Dental and Maxillofacial Diseases; University Hospital Heidelberg; Heidelberg Germany
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46
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Ghotloo S, Motedayyen H, Amani D, Saffari M, Sattari M. Assessment of microRNA-146a in generalized aggressive periodontitis and its association with disease severity. J Periodontal Res 2018; 54:27-32. [PMID: 30328616 DOI: 10.1111/jre.12538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE MicroRNA-146a (miR-146a) is a small noncoding RNA that plays a critical role in the negative regulation of the innate immune response, and the dysregulation of miR-146a has been associated with several inflammatory disorders. In generalized aggressive periodontitis (GAgP) the degree of clinical inflammation appears to be similar to that of chronic periodontitis, and, in this situation, age of onset and family history are important additional criteria for diagnosis. This study was performed to evaluate the level of miR-146a expressed in gingival tissues of patients with GAgP and its association with disease severity. MATERIAL AND METHODS Gingival samples from 18 patients with GAgP and 10 healthy subjects were collected and the level of miR-146a and its targets, including necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin-1beta, and interleukin-6, were assessed using real-time PCR. Clinical parameters, including probing depth and clinical attachment loss, were measured and their correlations with the level of miR-146a were determined. RESULTS Our results demonstrated an elevation in the level of miR-146a expressed in patients with GAgP compared with healthy controls (P < .001), which was directly associated with disease severity (P < .05). Overexpression of miR-146a was accompanied by a reduction in the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that there is an association between miR-146a and GAgP and imply that miR-146a may serve as an indicator of periodontal disease severity. However, further studies and additional information are required to confirm this relationship and the precise role of miR-146a in the development and/or progression of periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Ghotloo
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - H Motedayyen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran.,Department of Immunology, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - D Amani
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - M Saffari
- Department of Microbiology and Laboratory Medicine, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - M Sattari
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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47
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Masumoto R, Kitagaki J, Fujihara C, Matsumoto M, Miyauchi S, Asano Y, Imai A, Kobayashi K, Nakaya A, Yamashita M, Yamada S, Kitamura M, Murakami S. Identification of genetic risk factors of aggressive periodontitis using genomewide association studies in association with those of chronic periodontitis. J Periodontal Res 2018; 54:199-206. [PMID: 30303256 DOI: 10.1111/jre.12620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2017] [Revised: 08/13/2018] [Accepted: 09/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
To identify the genetic risk factors for aggressive periodontitis (AgP), it is important to understand the progression and pathogenesis of AgP. The purpose of this review was to summarize the genetic risk factors for AgP identified through a case-control genomewide association study (GWAS) and replication study. The initial studies to identify novel AgP risk factors were potentially biased because they relied on previous studies. To overcome this kind of issue, an unbiased GWAS strategy was introduced to identify genetic risk factors for various diseases. Currently, three genes glycosyltransferase 6 domain containing 1 (GLT6D1), defensin α1 and α3 (DEFA1A3), and sialic acid-binding Ig-like lectin 5 (SIGLEC5) that reach the threshold for genomewide significance have been identified as genetic risk factors for AgP through a case-control GWAS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Risa Masumoto
- Department of Periodontology, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Jirouta Kitagaki
- Department of Periodontology, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Chiharu Fujihara
- Department of Periodontology, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Masahiro Matsumoto
- Department of Periodontology, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Shizuka Miyauchi
- Department of Periodontology, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Asano
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Atsuko Imai
- Department of Genome Informatics, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kaori Kobayashi
- Department of Genome Informatics, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan.,Medical Solutions Division, NEC Corporation, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akihiro Nakaya
- Medical Solutions Division, NEC Corporation, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Motozo Yamashita
- Department of Periodontology, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Satoru Yamada
- Department of Periodontology, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Suita, Osaka, Japan.,Department of Periodontology and Endodontology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai, Japan
| | - Masahiro Kitamura
- Department of Periodontology, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Shinya Murakami
- Department of Periodontology, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Suita, Osaka, Japan
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48
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Nicolau B, Castonguay G, Madathil S, Vuong T, Almeida TDD. Periodontal Diseases and Traumatic Dental Injuries in the Pediatric Population. Pediatr Clin North Am 2018; 65:1051-1061. [PMID: 30213348 DOI: 10.1016/j.pcl.2018.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
This article provides an overview of periodontal diseases and traumatic dental injuries (TDIs) in children and adolescents, which are serious public health problems worldwide. Periodontal diseases, including gingivitis and periodontitis, commonly affect the oral soft tissues and teeth and often co-occur with other chronic diseases. TDIs are prevalent from an early age and carry high treatment costs. Behavioral and environmental factors contribute to both TDIs and periodontal diseases, but their etiology varies according to population characteristics and case definition. Both conditions may lead to pain, function impairment, esthetic problems, and psychosocial effects, with major consequences on quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Belinda Nicolau
- Faculty of Dentistry, McGill University, 2001 McGill College Avenue, Suite 500, Montreal, Quebec H3A 1G1, Canada.
| | - Geneviève Castonguay
- Faculty of Dentistry, McGill University, 2001 McGill College Avenue, Suite 500, Montreal, Quebec H3A 1G1, Canada
| | - Sreenath Madathil
- Faculty of Dentistry, McGill University, 2001 McGill College Avenue, Suite 500, Montreal, Quebec H3A 1G1, Canada
| | - Thien Vuong
- Faculty of Dentistry, McGill University, 2001 McGill College Avenue, Suite 500, Montreal, Quebec H3A 1G1, Canada
| | - Tahyna Duda Deps Almeida
- Faculty of Dentistry, McGill University, 2001 McGill College Avenue, Suite 500, Montreal, Quebec H3A 1G1, Canada; Faculty of Dentistry, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Av. Presidente Antônio Carlos, 6627 Pampulha, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
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49
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Abstract
Orofacial growth and development is a complex process spanning the life course. This article provides an oral health overview in the context of overall growth, physical and social development from infancy through adolescence. It reviews oral health-specific developmental milestones during childhood (0-12 years) and adolescence (≥13 years). It examines issues particular to each age category or spanning multiple ages (eg, pediatric overweight and obesity, tobacco use, and dental trauma) in relation to oral health and development. In addition, the oral microbiome and its potential role in informing personalized oral health care across the life course is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhavna T Pahel
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, UNC School of Dentistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 4501B Koury Oral Health Sciences Building, CB# 7450, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7450, USA; Private Practice: Village Family Dental, 510 Hickory Ridge Drive, Suite 101, Greensboro, NC 27409-9779, USA.
| | - Anne Rowan-Legg
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Ottawa and Division of Pediatric Medicine, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, 401 Smyth Road, Ottawa, Ontario K1H 8L1, Canada
| | - Rocio B Quinonez
- Departments of Pediatric Dentistry and Academic Affairs, School of Dentistry, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 1611 Koury Oral Health Sciences Building, CB# 7450, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7450, USA
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50
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Kaiser F, Donos N, Henderson B, Alagarswamy R, Pelekos G, Boniface D, Nibali L. Association between circulating levels of heat-shock protein 27 and aggressive periodontitis. Cell Stress Chaperones 2018; 23:847-856. [PMID: 29766408 PMCID: PMC6111086 DOI: 10.1007/s12192-018-0891-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2018] [Revised: 03/02/2018] [Accepted: 03/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Heat-shock protein (Hsp) 27 is a major intracellular molecular chaperone and controller of intracellular responses to inflammatory signals. In the extracellular space, recombinant Hsp27 has been described to exert anti-inflammatory activities. The aim of this study was to assess the association between circulating levels of Hsp27 and different types of periodontitis. Pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines and the stress proteins Hsp27 and Hsp60 with proposed anti- and pro-inflammatory properties, respectively, were measured by two-site ELISA in the serum of patients with aggressive periodontitis (AgP, n = 30), chronic periodontitis (CP, n = 29) and periodontally healthy controls (H, n = 28). Furthermore, Hsp27 and Hsp60 levels were also measured longitudinally in 12 AgP patients at 6 time points up to 3 months after treatment. AgP patients had lower levels of Hsp27 compared to CP patients and healthy subjects (adjusted one-way ANOVA, p < 0.001, followed by post hoc Tukey HSD comparisons), while no differences in levels of Hsp60 or cytokines between the three groups were detected. In CP patients and H subjects, the systemic Hsp27 levels correlated with Hsp60 (r = 0.43, p < 0.001; r = 0.59, p < 0.001, respectively) and with pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF-α (r = 0.48, p < 0.001; r = 0.55, p < 0.001, respectively) and IL-6 (r = 0.44, p < 0.01). However, no such correlations were detected in AgP cases. No consistent temporal patterns of changes of Hsp27 concentration were detected across AgP patients following periodontal treatment. This study provides the first evidence that Hsp27 may be differentially expressed and regulated in AgP patients as compared with CP patients and healthy individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank Kaiser
- Department of Microbial Diseases, Eastman Dental Institute, University College London, London, UK
| | - Nikos Donos
- Centre for Immunobiology and Regenerative Medicine and Centre for Oral Clinical Research, Institute of Dentistry, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University London, Turner Street E1 2AD, London, UK
| | - Brian Henderson
- Department of Microbial Diseases, Eastman Dental Institute, University College London, London, UK
| | - Rajesh Alagarswamy
- Department of Microbial Diseases, Eastman Dental Institute, University College London, London, UK
| | - George Pelekos
- Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - David Boniface
- Biostatistics Unit, Eastman Dental Institute, University College London, London, UK
| | - Luigi Nibali
- Centre for Immunobiology and Regenerative Medicine and Centre for Oral Clinical Research, Institute of Dentistry, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University London, Turner Street E1 2AD, London, UK.
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