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Jacquet L, Paucsik M, Guy JB, Eve K, Ben-Taarit I, Lantheaume S. Self-compassion and psychological well-being of radiographers at work. Int J Qual Stud Health Well-being 2024; 19:2287621. [PMID: 38055785 DOI: 10.1080/17482631.2023.2287621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to assess how self-compassion affects the psychological well-being of radiographers at work. METHODS An online survey was sent to radiology and radiotherapy departments in Rhône-Alpes, a region of France (from October 2021 to February 2022). The study is mixed: quantitative data, with closed questions and two validated scales, and qualitative data, with open questions aimed at assessing perceptions among radiologists as regards self-compassion. RESULTS A total of 253 radiographers (mean age 32.9 years), took part in this survey. Radiographers reported a poor level of well-being and a moderate level of self-compassion. We found a link between well-being at work and self-compassion. Gender, age, number of years of experience and the desire to receive training on well-being appear to have an impact on the level of self-compassion. The perception of self-compassion by radiologists is essentially positive. CONCLUSION Particular attention should be paid to radiologists who are female, young, and with only a few years of experience. Self-compassion is a protective factor for radiologists and may help them take care of themselves to continue caring for others. Training related to self-compassion should be promoted in medical imaging departments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leïla Jacquet
- Institut Supérieur Technologique Montplaisir, Valence (Drôme), France
| | - Marine Paucsik
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Univ. Savoie Mont Blance, Grenoble (Isère), France
| | | | - Karine Eve
- Institut Supérieur Technologique Montplaisir, Valence (Drôme), France
| | - Isabelle Ben-Taarit
- Ramsay Santé Hôpital Privé Drôme Ardèche, Guilherand-Granges (Ardèche), France
| | - Sophie Lantheaume
- Institut Supérieur Technologique Montplaisir, Valence (Drôme), France
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Univ. Savoie Mont Blance, Grenoble (Isère), France
- Ramsay Santé Hôpital Privé Drôme Ardèche, Guilherand-Granges (Ardèche), France
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2
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Luo X, Shen Y, Sun L, Qi X, Hong J, Wang Y, Che X, Lei Y. Investigating the effects and efficacy of self-compassion intervention on generalized anxiety disorders. J Affect Disord 2024; 359:308-318. [PMID: 38795780 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2024.05.117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2023] [Revised: 05/19/2024] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/28/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) is the least successfully treated anxiety disorder. This clinical trial investigated the effects and efficacy of a novel self-compassion intervention in GAD. METHODS A total of 75 GAD patients were assigned to a self-compassion intervention group (n = 25), a mindfulness intervention group (n = 25), or a treat-as-usual group (n = 25). Patients in the two active groups received eight intervention sessions in two weeks in addition to usual treatment i.e., pharmacotherapy. Primary outcomes were anxiety and worry, assessed at pre-intervention, post-intervention, and three-month follow-up. Secondary outcomes included depression, sleep, as well as self-compassion and mindfulness. RESULTS Both the self-compassion and mindfulness intervention induced a more rapid decrease in anxiety and depression than pharmacological treatment alone with excellent response and remission rate. Self-compassion intervention also induced a more rapid improvement in sleep quality compared to mindfulness intervention and pharmacological treatment alone. We also presented a mechanism for the self-compassion intervention in which decreased anxiety led to improvement in sleep quality. There was also a higher pleasure, acceptance, and willingness to re-attend in the self-compassion compared to the mindfulness intervention. LIMITATIONS This study was single blinded and nonrandomized which may bring risks of bias. CONCLUSIONS Overall, we provided novel evidence that self-compassion intervention is an alternative psychotherapy for GAD with excellent response and acceptability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Luo
- School of Nursing, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou 310059, China
| | - Yonghui Shen
- Affiliated Mental Health Center & Hangzhou Seventh People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310013, China
| | - Lijun Sun
- Affiliated Mental Health Center & Hangzhou Seventh People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310013, China
| | - Xuejun Qi
- Affiliated Mental Health Center & Hangzhou Seventh People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310013, China
| | - Jie Hong
- Heilongjiang Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Harbin 150036, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Centre for Cognition and Brain Disorders, the Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China
| | - Xianwei Che
- Centre for Cognition and Brain Disorders, the Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China; TMS Centre, Deqing Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China
| | - Yi Lei
- Institute for Brain and Psychological Sciences, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu 610054, China.
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García-Campayo J, Barceló-Soler A, Martínez-Rubio D, Navarrete J, Pérez-Aranda A, Feliu-Soler A, Luciano JV, Baer R, Kuyken W, Montero-Marin J. Exploring the Relationship Between Self-Compassion and Compassion for Others: The Role of Psychological Distress and Wellbeing. Assessment 2024; 31:1038-1051. [PMID: 37840255 PMCID: PMC11134997 DOI: 10.1177/10731911231203966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2023]
Abstract
We addressed construct validity and explored the relationship between self-compassion and compassion for others using the two main current operationalizations of compassion (Neff's and the Sussex-Oxford Compassion Scales, SOCSs). Relationships with psychological distress and wellbeing, and potential differences in the association between self-compassion and compassion for others by level of psychological distress and wellbeing were also explored. Participants (n = 811) completed the Spanish adaptations of the Self-Compassion Scale (SCS), the Compassion Scale (CS), the SOCSs (for the self/others), the Short Warwick-Edinburgh Mental Well-Being Scale (SWEMWBS), and the Depression Anxiety Stress Scales-21 (DASS-21). We fitted bifactor models to estimate the general factor of each construct for the different operationalizations, and calculated correlations between them. Relationships between self-compassion and compassion for others from the same operationalization were intermediate, while those between the same constructs from different operationalizations were large. Both constructs showed positive associations with wellbeing, while only self-compassion was associated with decreased psychological distress. Participants with good mental health showed higher associations between self-compassion and compassion for others than those with poorer mental health. Self-compassion and compassion for others appear to be dimensional constructs that can converge or diverge. When they converge, it is associated with better mental health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier García-Campayo
- Institute for Health Research of Aragon (IIS Aragon), Zaragoza, Spain
- University of Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Alberto Barceló-Soler
- Institute for Health Research of Aragon (IIS Aragon), Zaragoza, Spain
- University of Zaragoza, Spain
- Navarra Medical Research Institute (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain
| | | | - Jaime Navarrete
- Teaching, Research & Innovation Unit, Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Déu, Sant Boi de Llobregat, Spain
- Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology & Public Health (CIBER Epidemiology and Public Health—CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
| | - Adrián Pérez-Aranda
- Institute for Health Research of Aragon (IIS Aragon), Zaragoza, Spain
- Autonomous University of Barcelona, Spain
| | - Albert Feliu-Soler
- Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology & Public Health (CIBER Epidemiology and Public Health—CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
- Autonomous University of Barcelona, Spain
| | - Juan V. Luciano
- Teaching, Research & Innovation Unit, Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Déu, Sant Boi de Llobregat, Spain
- Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology & Public Health (CIBER Epidemiology and Public Health—CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
- Autonomous University of Barcelona, Spain
| | | | | | - Jesus Montero-Marin
- Teaching, Research & Innovation Unit, Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Déu, Sant Boi de Llobregat, Spain
- Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology & Public Health (CIBER Epidemiology and Public Health—CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
- University of Oxford, UK
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Gallagher S, Raffone A, Aglioti SM. The pattern theory of compassion. Trends Cogn Sci 2024; 28:504-516. [PMID: 38734530 DOI: 10.1016/j.tics.2024.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2024] [Revised: 04/08/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024]
Abstract
Concepts of empathy, sympathy and compassion are often confused in a variety of literatures. This article proposes a pattern-theoretic approach to distinguishing compassion from empathy and sympathy. Drawing on psychology, Western philosophy, affective neuroscience, and contemplative science, we clarify the nature of compassion as a specific pattern of dynamically related factors that include physiological, cognitive, and affective processes, relational/intersubjective processes, and motivational/action tendencies. We also show that the dynamic nature of the compassion pattern is reflected in neuroscientific findings, as well as in compassion practice. The pattern theory of compassion allows us to make several clear distinctions between compassion, empathy, and sympathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaun Gallagher
- Department of Philosophy, University of Memphis, Memphis, TN, USA; School of Liberal Arts (SOLA), University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia.
| | - Antonino Raffone
- Department of Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Salvatore M Aglioti
- Department of Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy; Center for Life, Nano-, and Neuroscience (CLN2S), Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Genova, Italy
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Watson LB, Michl TD, Randelman MF, Rowland A, Germain J. Embodying loving kindness: Examining self-compassionate writing tasks and body satisfaction among transgender and non-binary people. Body Image 2024; 49:101713. [PMID: 38636387 DOI: 10.1016/j.bodyim.2024.101713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Revised: 03/27/2024] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024]
Abstract
Using an experimental posttest-only control group design, the purpose of this study was to examine the effects of self-compassionate writing exercises on transgender and non-binary participants' body satisfaction, gender identity pride, and internalized transphobia. A total of 238 transgender people participated in this study (Mage = 28.27, SD = 8.12). Participants were randomly assigned to a self-compassionate writing task focusing on their gender identity, a self-compassionate writing task focusing on their body image as a transgender person (i.e., gendered body image), and a control condition, which required them to write about a neutral day in their lives. Results demonstrated that those in the gendered body image self-compassionate condition reported higher state-level effects of body satisfaction following the intervention than those in the control condition. No significant effects were observed for condition on state-level gender identity pride or internalized transphobia. Results also demonstrated that non-binary participants reported higher levels of gender identity pride than trans femme participants. Exploratory post-hoc analyses revealed that gender identity pride moderated the effect of condition on body satisfaction. Compared to those in the control condition, participants in the gendered body self-compassionate condition with moderate and high levels of gender identity pride reported higher levels of body satisfaction. Results demonstrate potential beneficial effects of brief self-compassionate writing exercises on transgender peoples' body satisfaction.
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Kim SH, Son C. Effects of entrapment, anger, psychological flexibility, and self-compassion on the ward climate and reactive aggression in forensic psychiatric hospital patients. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF LAW AND PSYCHIATRY 2024; 94:101986. [PMID: 38768526 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijlp.2024.101986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Revised: 04/04/2024] [Accepted: 04/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the double mediation effect of entrapment and anger, as well as the moderated mediation effect of psychological flexibility and self-compassion on the relationship between the forensic psychiatric hospital ward climate and reactive aggression perceived by patients. A self-reporting method was used to measure ward climate, entrapment, anger, reactive aggression, psychological flexibility, and self-compassion in a sample of 246 participants being treated at the National Forensic Psychiatric Hospital. The relational model was verified according to the structural equation model analysis, and the double mediation effect of the conditional process model was verified using a Process macro. The results showed that both the simple mediation effect and the double mediation effect of entrapment and anger were statistically significant. Psychological flexibility significantly moderated the relationship between ward climate and entrapment, ward climate and anger-in, and significantly influenced the reduction of reactive aggression. When psychological flexibility was higher, ward climate did not cause entrapment, and the intensity of anger-in and reactive aggression was reduced. Self-compassion significantly reduced entrapment, and the higher the self-compassion, the lesser the entrapment. Finally, psychological flexibility and self-compassion moderated the indirect effect through entrapment and the indirect effect through anger-in on the relationship between the ward climate and reactive aggression. Hence, the moderated mediation effect by psychological flexibility and self-compassion was confirmed. To conclude our study, its limitations are outlined, and practical therapeutic intervention for preventing reactive aggression in forensic hospital patients is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sul Hwan Kim
- Department of General Psychiatry, National Forensic Psychiatric Hospital, 253, Banpochogyo-gil, Banpo-myeon, Gongju-si, Chungcheongnam-do 32621, Republic of Korea
| | - ChongNak Son
- Department of Psychology, Jeonbuk National University, 567 Baekje-daero, Deokjin-gu, Jeonju-si, Jeollabuk-do 54896, Republic of Korea.
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Benedetto L, Macidonio S, Ingrassia M. Well-Being and Perfectionism: Assessing the Mediational Role of Self-Compassion in Emerging Adults. Eur J Investig Health Psychol Educ 2024; 14:1383-1395. [PMID: 38785589 PMCID: PMC11119223 DOI: 10.3390/ejihpe14050091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2024] [Revised: 05/05/2024] [Accepted: 05/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
The study explores how different dimensions of perfectionism influence psychological well-being (PWB) in emerging adults. Literature has deepened the relationships between maladaptive perfectionism (e.g., excessive self-criticism, perceived discrepancy from the standards) and low PWB. Less is known about whether and how adaptive perfectionism (e.g., pursuing personal standards) relates to PWB. Secondly, the study has investigated whether self-compassion (i.e., self-benevolence, seeing personal imperfections as a common condition) may mediate the relationships between adaptive/maladaptive perfectionism and PWB. Participants (N = 217, 18-35 y. o.) completed self-report questionnaires measuring: adaptive/maladaptive perfectionism (Almost Perfect Scale-Revised, APS-R: high standards and order/discrepancy, respectively), PWB, and self-compassion (SCS). Adaptive perfectionism was associated with PWB, particularly a higher presence of purpose in life, environmental mastery, self-acceptance, and personal growth. Conversely, discrepancy resulted in the most robust predictor of low PWB (β = -0.68), followed by high standards with a positive direction (β = 0.23; Rc2 = 0.514, p < 0.001). A strong negative association emerged between discrepancy and SCS (r = -0.67, p < 0.001). A mediation analysis shows that self-compassion has an indirect effect, reducing the strength of the relationship between discrepancy and low PWB. Results suggest focusing on self-compassion as a buffer factor that reduces the negative impact of maladaptive perfectionism on psychological well-being. Implications for education and health psychology are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Loredana Benedetto
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy;
| | | | - Massimo Ingrassia
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy;
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8
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Angus BM, Saling LL, Moffitt RL. Self-compassionate reflective writing for affect regulation in Australian perinatal women. Appl Psychol Health Well Being 2024; 16:745-764. [PMID: 38095265 DOI: 10.1111/aphw.12514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
The current study investigated the effect of a brief online self-compassionate reflective writing task on affect regulation in a sample of Australian perinatal women. Participants were 55 women (Mage = 35.47, SD = 3.79) who were pregnant (16.4%) and/or had an infant <24 months old (76.4%). State self-compassion, positive and negative affect, and future help-seeking behavior intentions were compared at pre- and post-intervention while controlling for trait self-compassion. Inductive thematic analysis was used to extract themes regarding why participants deemed the intervention helpful or unhelpful. As hypothesized, global state self-compassion and intention to engage in self-care behavior were higher, and negative affect was lower, immediately post-intervention relative to pre-intervention scores. Follow-up subscale analyses revealed that the mechanisms of the shift in state self-compassion scores were via reduced self-judgment and overidentification and increased common humanity. There was no significant change in positive affect or intention to engage in help-seeking behavior. Most participants (75%) indicated that the task was helpful with themes identified as written format, changed perspective, dedicating time to reflect, improved mood, and practicing self-kindness. Self-compassionate reflective writing may be a brief and accessible psychosocial approach with the potential to foster healthy emotion regulation and coping among perinatal women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bronwyn M Angus
- Psychology, School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Lauren L Saling
- Psychology, School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Robyn L Moffitt
- School of Psychology, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
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Zangri RM, Blanco I, Pascual T, Vázquez C. Unlocking the past: efficacy of guided self-compassion and benefit-focused online interventions for managing negative personal memories. Cogn Emot 2024:1-15. [PMID: 38635402 DOI: 10.1080/02699931.2024.2337132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024]
Abstract
Positive reappraisal strategies have been found to reduce negative affect following the recall of negative personal events. This study examined the restorative effect of two mood-repair instructions (self-compassion vs benefit-focused reappraisal) and a control condition with no instructions following a negative Mood Induction Procedure by using the guided recall of a negative autobiographical event. A total of 112 university students participated in the online study (81% women, Mage: 21.0 years). Immediately following the negative memory recall, participants were randomised to each condition [(self-compassion: n = 36, benefit-focused: n = 39) or a control condition (n = 37)]. Repeated measures ANOVAs 3 (Repair condition) × 3 (Time of mood assessment: pre-recall, post-recall, post-regulation) showed that, as expected, negative mood (sadness, shame, and guilt) worsened significantly after the guided recall in all groups (p < .001). After the mood-repair intervention, participants in the self-compassion and benefit-focused conditions showed a significant reduction in negative mood (p < .019), while such improvement was not observed in the control group. Self-compassion and benefit-focused reappraisal functioned similarly as mood repair strategies after experiencing negative affect induced by the recall of negative personal memories. Implications in the context of autobiographical memory biases are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosaria Maria Zangri
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ivan Blanco
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Teodoro Pascual
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Camilo José Cela University, Madrid, Spain
| | - Carmelo Vázquez
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
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Takagaki K, Yokoyama S. Validation of a Behavioral Activation Model Including Self-Compassion: A Longitudinal Study at Three Time Points. Psychopathology 2024:1-8. [PMID: 38588658 DOI: 10.1159/000538266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Depression is highly prevalent among university students. While behavioral activation has been shown to be an effective psychotherapy for depression, there is a lack of research regarding the behavioral activation mechanism. Furthermore, although self-compassion seems to be a factor in promoting behavioral activation, no studies have attempted to validate a behavioral activation model that includes positive self-compassion. In addition, mechanistic studies have lacked consideration in longitudinal studies of behavioral activation. Thus, in this longitudinal study, we constructed and validated an exploratory model of behavioral activation. METHODS A total of 300 undergraduate students completed online surveys in 2019, 2020, and 2021. We examined the longitudinal effects of five factors (value-based behavior, goal-oriented and scheduled activities, positive reinforcement, self-compassion, and depressive symptoms) using structural equation modeling based on maximum likelihood estimation using bootstrapping. RESULTS The exploratory model was found to be valid and to have a good fit with the data. The results indicate that value-based behaviors increase the frequency of goal-oriented and scheduled activities, which in turn increases the frequency of positive reinforcement in everyday life. Additionally, when self-compassion, value-based behavior, goal-oriented and scheduled activities, and positive reinforcement are considered together, self-compassion may be indirectly related to activation via value-based behavior. CONCLUSION From the perspective of preventing depressive symptoms, it is important to increase the frequency of value-based activities. Furthermore, adding self-compassion is effective in behavioral activation to increase value-based activities. However, to address the limitations of this study, future studies should investigate the relationship among behavioral characteristics during interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koki Takagaki
- Health Service Center, Hiroshima University, Higashihiroshima, Japan
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Huang L, Chi P, Wang E, Bu H, Chi X. Trajectories of complex posttraumatic stress symptoms among Chinese college students with childhood adversities: The role of self-compassion. CHILD ABUSE & NEGLECT 2024; 150:106138. [PMID: 36948929 DOI: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2023.106138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Revised: 02/26/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Complex posttraumatic stress disorder (CPTSD) is associated with severe impairments in psychosocial functions, but related longitudinal research is limited. To promote the mental health of college students with childhood adversities, it is imperative to investigate the development of CPTSD symptoms and the predictive factors. OBJECTIVES The study aimed to examine the latent trajectories of CPTSD symptoms among college students with childhood adversities and to identify the role of self-compassion in differentiating potential trajectories. METHODS A total of 294 college students with childhood adversities completed self-report questionnaires on demographic backgrounds, childhood adversities, CPTSD symptoms, and self-compassion three times with an interval of three months. Latent class growth analysis was used to determine the trajectories of CPTSD symptoms. Multinomial logistic regression was performed to examine the association between self-compassion and trajectories subgroups while adjusting for demographic variables. RESULTS Three heterogeneous groups of CPTSD symptoms among college students with childhood adversities were identified: the low-symptoms group (n = 123, 41.8 %), the moderate-symptoms group (n = 108, 36.7 %), and the high-risk group (n = 63, 21.4 %). Multinomial logistic regression showed that, after adjusting for demographic variables, students with higher levels of self-compassion were less likely to belong to the moderate-symptoms and high-risk group in comparison to the low-symptoms group. CONCLUSIONS The results suggest the trajectories of CPTSD symptoms of college students with childhood adversities were heterogeneous. Self-compassion was a protective factor against the development of CPTSD symptoms. The present study provided insights into the mental health promotion for individuals with adversities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liuyue Huang
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Macau, Macau; Center for Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Institute of Collaborative Innovation, University of Macau, Macau
| | - Peilian Chi
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Macau, Macau; Center for Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Institute of Collaborative Innovation, University of Macau, Macau
| | - Enna Wang
- School of Education, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - He Bu
- School of Social and Public Administration, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Xinli Chi
- School of Psychology, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China; The Shenzhen Humanities & Social Sciences Key Research Bases of the Center for Mental Health, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China.
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Kayalar A, Hiçdurmaz D. Effects of metacognitions, self-compassion, and difficulties in emotion regulation on psychological resilience in oncology nurses. Eur J Oncol Nurs 2024; 70:102568. [PMID: 38574418 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejon.2024.102568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Revised: 02/18/2024] [Accepted: 03/16/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Providing care to individuals with cancer requires oncology nurses to have superior skills related to physical care and adaptation to the changing healthcare system, as well as witnessing and supporting the psychosocial difficulties experienced by patients and families in this process. It requires oncology nurses to be psychologically resilient. Therefore, it is crucial to determine the factors affecting the psychological resilience of oncology nurses. This study aimed to determine the effect of self-compassion, metacognitions, and difficulties in emotion regulation on psychological resilience in oncology nurses. METHODS This is a cross-sectional correlational study. The study was conducted with 121 oncology nurses providing active oncologic care and who volunteered to participate. The Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale-Short Form, the Self-Compassion Scale, and the Metacognitions Questionnaire-30 were used to collect data. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation coefficient, and multiple linear regression analysis. RESULTS The regression model established to determine the effect of self-compassion, metacognitions, and difficulties in emotion regulation on psychological resilience was statistically significant (F(3,117) = 24.086 p < 0.001) and explained 36.6% of the change in resilience. Among the independent variables, only self-compassion had a significant contribution to the model (p = 0.001). According to the model, 1-unit change in self-compassion caused 0.571-unit change in psychological resilience. CONCLUSION Self-compassion, metacognitions, and difficulties in emotion regulation were significantly related to psychological resilience, but only self-compassion significantly affected psychological resilience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aycan Kayalar
- Gazi University Health Practice and Research Center Consultation-Liasion Psychiatry Unit, Hacettepe University Institute of Health Sciences Psychiatric Nursing PhD Programme Ankara, Turkey.
| | - Duygu Hiçdurmaz
- Hacettepe University Faculty of Nursing, Psychiatric Nursing Department, Ankara, Turkey
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Huang T, Wang W. Relationship between fear of evaluation, ambivalence over emotional expression, and self-compassion among university students. BMC Psychol 2024; 12:128. [PMID: 38449046 PMCID: PMC10919005 DOI: 10.1186/s40359-024-01629-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study focuses on college students as research subjects, exploring the relationship between fear of evaluation, ambivalence over emotional expression, and self-care, as well as the moderating effect of self-care on the prediction of ambivalence over emotional expression by fear of evaluation. METHODS This study selected physical education college students in Sichuan Province as the research participants. Convenience sampling was used to recruit participants through public recruitment information and questionnaire links on online platforms commonly used by college students. The questionnaire was distributed at two different time points to reduce the effect of common method bias. A total of 858 questionnaires were distributed, after excluding duplicate responses, a total of 743 valid questionnaires were obtained. RESULTS The result as following: (1) College students exhibit a moderate to high level of negative fear of evaluation, ambivalence over emotional expression, and self-care, with female students having higher negative fear of evaluation; (2) There are significant correlations between fear of evaluation, ambivalence over emotional expression, and self-care; (3) Fear of evaluation and self-care can predict ambivalence over emotional expression, but self-care does not have a moderating effect on the prediction of ambivalence over emotional expression by fear of evaluation; (4) Self-care and negative self-care both have a moderating effect on the prediction of emotion rumination by positive fear of evaluation. CONCLUSIONS In the past, rumination has often been considered a manifestation of excessive rumination and anxiety. However, this study found that self-compassion's modulation on fear of positive evaluation intensifies its impact on emotional rumination. Research suggests that moderate emotional rumination may not necessarily be a negative outcome and reflects a positive emotional adjustment process to some extent. Therefore, future studies can further explore the growth and decline of internal rumination processes in self-compassion or counseling, and potentially gain a better understanding of key elements of personal growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian Huang
- School of Physical Education and Sports, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Wenbo Wang
- School of Physical Education and Sports, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China.
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Stevens F, Shriver E. The shame of implicit racial bias. THE JOURNAL OF SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY 2024; 164:258-272. [PMID: 35240949 DOI: 10.1080/00224545.2022.2046538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
This study provides support for the theory that individual shame prevents individuals from recognizing their implicit racial biases. Participants across two studies in multiple conditions took the Race IAT, received feedback about their implicit racial bias, and then completed the Shame IAT. We created various conditions either to attribute their implicit racial bias to the self or to create an alternative explanation. The results demonstrated that when individuals attributed their implicit racial bias to themselves vs. an alternative attribution, they subsequently expressed higher levels of interpersonal shame, through increased associations between self-referential and shameful words. The need for positive self-esteem or the avoidance of a negative emotion such as shame may lead participants to avoid examining their own implicit racial biases.
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15
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El Keshky MES, Sarour EO. The relationships between work-family conflict and life satisfaction and happiness among nurses: a moderated mediation model of gratitude and self-compassion. Front Public Health 2024; 12:1340074. [PMID: 38450130 PMCID: PMC10914949 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2024.1340074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Researchers and practitioners are concerned with the impact of work-family conflict on the well-being of workers, including those in the health care sector, and previous research suggested that nurses were experiencing a range of negative outcomes. Aim To investigate the potentially mediating role of self-compassion and moderating role of gratitude in the relationships between work-family conflict and both life satisfaction and happiness among Saudi nurses. Method A cross-sectional survey was conducted with 368 nurses (men age = 35.18, SD = 6.67, 70.65% of females). Nurses were recruited via social media using convenience sampling techniques. They completed the Satisfaction with Life Scale, the Subjective Happiness Scale, the Gratitude Questionnaire-6, the Self-Compassion Scale, and the Work-Family Conflict Scale, as well as a set of demographic questions. The data were analyzed using PROCESS MACRO model 4 and 8, and the reporting followed STROBE checklist. Results As expected, the study found a negative relationship between work-family conflict and both life satisfaction and happiness. These relationships were mediated by self-compassion. For the relationships between work-family conflict and life satisfaction and happiness, and between family-work conflict and happiness, this mediation was moderated by gratitude. Conclusion This study built on positive psychology and demonstrated that the positive personality traits of self-compassion and gratitude can engender enhanced life satisfaction and happiness among Saudi nurses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mogeda El Sayed El Keshky
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Arts and Humanities, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Enas ObaidAllah Sarour
- Human Sciences and Design, Family Sciences Dept., King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
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Aceron BB, Wilson KS, Hoffmann MD, Wiersma L. Athletes' Coping With the COVID-19 Pandemic: The Role of Self-Compassion and Cognitive Appraisal. JOURNAL OF SPORT & EXERCISE PSYCHOLOGY 2024; 46:11-21. [PMID: 38194953 DOI: 10.1123/jsep.2023-0175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Revised: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/25/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2024]
Abstract
Coping with the COVID-19 pandemic had implications for athletes' mental well-being. This mixed-methods study examined the influence of self-compassion on athletes' coping during the pandemic through the mediator of cognitive appraisal. The prospective design involved 90 athletes completing two online surveys 1 week apart measuring self-compassion, cognitive appraisal, and coping strategies. The PROCESS macro was used for the mediation analysis. A qualitative thematic analysis was used to explore athletes' responses to the pandemic during the second survey. Self-compassion had an indirect negative effect on avoidance-focused coping by appraising the pandemic as less of a threat (95% confidence interval [-0.20, -0.001]) and had a total effect on emotion-focused coping (95% confidence interval [0.02, 0.40]). Based on the thematic analysis, athletes described many raw emotions and a variety of coping strategies during the pandemic. Self-compassion demonstrated promising benefits to athletes who dealt with the challenging situation of the pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brittney B Aceron
- Department of Kinesiology, California State University, Fullerton, CA, USA
| | - Kathleen S Wilson
- Department of Kinesiology, California State University, Fullerton, CA, USA
| | - Matt D Hoffmann
- Department of Kinesiology, California State University, Fullerton, CA, USA
| | - Lenny Wiersma
- Department of Intercollegiate Athletics, Cameron Institute for Student-Athlete Development, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
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17
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Neshat Z, Farah Bijari A, Dehshiri G. The relationship between perfectionism and interpersonal sensitivity with self-compassion in university students: the mediation of repetitive negative thinking. Cogn Process 2024; 25:107-120. [PMID: 37803210 DOI: 10.1007/s10339-023-01163-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/08/2023]
Abstract
Self-compassion is a construct of positive psychology related to personality and cognitive factors. Perfectionism and interpersonal sensitivity are prevalent personality traits among university students and are associated with low self-compassion. Further research is required to comprehend how these mechanisms work in creating self-compassion. Consequently, the current study investigated the direct and indirect relationship between perfectionism and interpersonal sensitivity with self-compassion via repetitive negative thinking. To this end, a sample of 450 students studying in Tehran during the 2022 academic year was selected as the study sample. The results indicated that perfectionism and interpersonal sensitivity demonstrate a negative direct relationship with self-compassion, while perfectionism and interpersonal sensitivity exhibit an indirect relationship with self-compassion via repetitive negative thinking. Based on the findings, it can be concluded that the relationship between perfectionism and interpersonal sensitivity with self-compassion is not straightforward and that repetitive negative thinking can mediate this relationship. The results can be used to improve methods for increasing self-compassion and paying attention to personality, and cognitive factors can be an important step toward more effective self-compassion interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Neshat
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Education and Psychology, Alzahra University, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Azam Farah Bijari
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Education and Psychology, Alzahra University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Gholamreza Dehshiri
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Education and Psychology, Alzahra University, Tehran, Iran
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18
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Yamasaki K, Sampei A, Miyata H. Relationship between rumination, self-compassion, and psychological health among Japanese university students: A cross-sectional study. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0297691. [PMID: 38295067 PMCID: PMC10830058 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0297691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 02/02/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Rumination is suggested to exacerbate psychological health, but there is room for investigating the potential protecting factors for individuals with high ruminative tendencies against psychological symptoms. The present cross-sectional study aimed to uncover the associations between rumination as a maladaptive dimension of self-focus, self-compassion, and psychological health, and whether and how components of self-compassion may moderate the associations between rumination and psychological health in Japanese undergraduate students. METHODS A questionnaire survey was conducted by using both an online platform and a paper-based questionnaire. The survey included established Japanese versions of psychological scales on rumination, self-compassion, perceived stress, trait anxiety, and depression. RESULTS The results revealed statistically significant positive correlations between rumination and negative dimensions of self-compassion, and rumination and psychological symptoms. Positive dimensions of self-compassion were significantly negatively correlated with both rumination and psychological symptoms. Reflection as a positive dimension of self-focus did not show significant correlations with most psychological variables. Furthermore, hierarchical multiple regression analyses involving subscales of self-compassion and their interactions with rumination as predictors revealed that the interactions between rumination and components of self-compassion, i.e., over-identification and mindfulness, significantly predicted trait anxiety. Higher rumination predicted higher anxiety when over-identification was high, but not when over-identification was low. Also, lower rumination predicted lower anxiety when mindfulness was high, but not when mindfulness was low. CONCLUSIONS The results suggest significant associations between rumination, components of self-compassion, and psychological health in a population of Japanese undergraduate students. The data also suggest that components of self-compassion play moderating roles in the relationship between rumination and psychological health, potentially serving as aggravating/protective factors for psychological health. Longitudinal studies and comparisons between different cultures should be conducted in the future quest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaho Yamasaki
- School of Culture, Media and Society, Waseda University, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ayaka Sampei
- School of Culture, Media and Society, Waseda University, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiromitsu Miyata
- Faculty of Letters, Arts and Sciences, Waseda University, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
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19
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Szczyglowski KA, Kocovski NL. To avoid or not to avoid: impact of self-compassion on safety behaviors in social situations. ANXIETY, STRESS, AND COPING 2024:1-15. [PMID: 38273676 DOI: 10.1080/10615806.2024.2307466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/14/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES Safety behaviors are commonly used to decrease anxiety in social settings but maintain anxiety. Self-compassion has been shown to reduce anxiety and rumination, but the impact on safety behaviors has not been examined. For the present studies, it was hypothesized that inducing self-compassion would lead to lower safety behaviors compared to controls. METHODS In Study 1 (N = 390), participants with elevated social anxiety recalled a distressing social situation, were randomly assigned to a self-compassionate (n = 186) or control (n = 204) writing exercise, and then reported predicted self-compassion and safety behaviors for a future situation. In Study 2 (N = 114), the impact of self-compassionate (n = 56) or control writing (n = 58) on safety behaviors was investigated during a Zoom interaction. RESULTS/CONCLUSIONS In Study 1, as hypothesized, the self-compassion condition reported fewer expected avoidance behaviors compared to controls. In Study 2, state self-compassion and safety behaviors did not differ between conditions. In both studies, distress significantly mediated the relationship between condition and safety behaviors, such that the self-compassion condition reported significantly lower distress, which was associated with lower safety behaviors. Future research can examine whether reduced distress and safety behaviors allow for greater social connection.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nancy L Kocovski
- Department of Psychology, Wilfrid Laurier University, Waterloo, Canada
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20
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Meneo D, Martoni M, Giannandrea A, Tengattini V, Baglioni C. Mindfulness and self-compassion in dermatological conditions: a systematic narrative review. Psychol Health 2024; 39:268-300. [PMID: 35522563 DOI: 10.1080/08870446.2022.2070619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE People affected by chronic skin conditions suffer from elevated levels of psychological distress. There is a need for evidence-based treatments that integrate medical care. Mindfulness and Self-compassion programs (MCBPs) have proven effective in chronic diseases. This systematic review aims to narratively synthesize the literature on mindfulness and self-compassion as traits and interventions in chronic skin conditions. DESIGN We searched four electronic databases for mindfulness and self-compassion trials and correlational studies in chronic skin conditions. We narratively synthetized results regarding the effects of mindfulness and self-compassion, both as traits and as interventions, on psychological and disease outcomes. RESULTS Thirteen studies were included in our review. Evidence from cross-sectional studies suggest that mindfulness and self-compassion are linked to lower psychological distress and better adjustment to the disease. MCBPs appear feasible for this population and can lower psychological distress, reduce disease severity and improve quality of life. Methodological issues limit conclusions on MCBP efficacy. Based on our analysis, we propose possible mechanisms that future research could explore. CONCLUSIONS The integration of MCBPs in the care process of chronic skin conditions appears promising. Definitive conclusions cannot be drawn due to a lack of strong evidence. Further studies with high methodological standards are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Meneo
- Human Sciences Department, University of Rome Guglielmo, Marconi, Rome, Italy
| | - M Martoni
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - A Giannandrea
- Department of Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - V Tengattini
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - C Baglioni
- Human Sciences Department, University of Rome Guglielmo, Marconi, Rome, Italy
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychophysiology/Sleep, Medicine, Centre for Mental Disorders, University Medical Centre, Freiburg, Germany
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21
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Lavi-Rotenberg A, Frishman N, Igra L, Gilboa-Schechtman E, Hasson-Ohayon I. Beyond One's Attitude Toward the Self: The Role of Social Anxiety in Self-Stigma Among Individuals With Schizophrenia. J Nerv Ment Dis 2024; 212:28-32. [PMID: 37846987 DOI: 10.1097/nmd.0000000000001724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2023]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Self-stigma is associated with a variety of negative self-perceptions among people coping with schizophrenia, as well as with different aspects of social behaviors. We explored the associations between self-compassion, self-esteem, social anxiety, and self-stigma among people coping with schizophrenia. The baseline data of 56 adults with schizophrenia who were enrolled in a Metacognitive Reflection and Insight Therapy trial were used. Participants filled out self-report questionnaires measuring self-compassion, self-esteem, social anxiety, and self-stigma. Self-esteem and self-compassion were negatively correlated with self-stigma and social anxiety. Self-compassion was not found to contribute beyond self-esteem to the prediction of self-stigma. Importantly, self-esteem and social anxiety were found to mediate the effects of self-compassion on self-stigma. Thus, it seems that social variables, in addition to self-variables, may lead to the formation of self-stigma among people with schizophrenia. Therefore, alongside addressing self-esteem and self-compassion, integrating therapeutic elements related to coping with social anxiety into interventions would seem to be an important factor in reducing self-stigma among people with serious mental illness.
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Zhao M, Yang Y, Hao L, Li Y, Fang Y, Dong Y, Xia L. Can Treating Oneself Kindly Inspire Trust? The Role of Interpersonal Responsibility. THE JOURNAL OF PSYCHOLOGY 2023; 158:215-237. [PMID: 38078845 DOI: 10.1080/00223980.2023.2283474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Self-compassion, as a personal psychological resource, has been proved to play an important role in coping with suffering. Based on self-determination theory, the present study attempts to establish that self-compassion can promote trust, and the sense of interpersonal responsibility mediates this relationship. Study 1 used cross-sectional data in a community sample of 322 adults to reveal that self-compassion was positively related to trust, and the mediating effects of the sense of interpersonal responsibility were significant. Study 2 used the latent cross-lagged panel model among 1304 college students at three-time points set at six-month intervals to replicate the results and proved the longitudinal mediating effects across groups. Finally, a casual chain design was used to test the mediation effect in Studies 3 and 4. The results indicated that self-compassion induced by writing task resulted in a sense of responsibility in Study 3 (N = 145), and the manipulated sense of responsibility promoted both trust behaviors and beliefs in Study 4 (N = 125). Through four studies, this study highlights a novel but unexpected viewpoint that treating oneself in a self-compassionate way can not only help individuals cope with various challenges but also motivate them to obtain interpersonal benefits. These findings can help motivate community workers and mental health researchers to increase social capital by focusing on self-compassion and interpersonal responsibility.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Yuan Fang
- Institute of Psychology Chinese Academy of Sciences
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23
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Buhrman M, Tillfors M, Holländare F, Lekström E, Håkansson A, Boersma K. Psychological Treatment Targeting Acceptance and Compassion in Patients With Chronic Pain: A Randomized Controlled, Internet-delivered, Treatment Trial. Clin J Pain 2023; 39:672-685. [PMID: 37712248 DOI: 10.1097/ajp.0000000000001157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Chronic pain is often associated with lower function. Self-criticism is associated with depressive symptoms. The purpose of this study was to explore if fusing Acceptance and Commitment Therapy and compassion-focused therapy could improve psychological well-being and disability in individuals with chronic pain with high levels of self-criticism in comparison to a wait-list control group. METHODS Individuals with chronic pain (n=71) were randomly assigned to an 8-week internet-based intervention focused on acceptance and compassion or a wait-list condition. Primary treatment outcomes were the Chronic Pain Acceptance Questionnaire, Self-Compassion Scale, and Pain Disability Index. Secondary outcomes were the Montgomery Åsberg Depression Rating Scale, Anxiety Sensitivity Index, Quality of Life Inventory, Multidimensional Pain Inventory, and Perseverative Thinking Questionnaire. RESULTS Missing data at postintervention were 22.5%. Intention-to-treat analyses were conducted using linear mixed models. The results revealed greater levels of acceptance and self-compassion for the treatment group, which were primary outcomes, with effect sizes ranging from small to large, and these results were maintained at 6-month follow-up. The rates of clinically significant improvements were also greater for the treatment group in comparison to the wait-list control group on acceptance and compassion. The treatment group also improved in the third primary outcome, pain disability. Significant differences were found in several of the secondary outcomes, in favor of the treatment group. DISCUSSION Internet-based Acceptance and Commitment Therapy with compassion-focused therapy components shows promise as a viable treatment option in the management of chronic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Maria Tillfors
- Department of Social and Psychological Studies, Section of Psychology, Karlstad University, Karlstad
| | | | | | | | - Katja Boersma
- School of Medical Sciences
- Center for Health and Medical Psychology, School of Law, Psychology and Social Work, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
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24
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Raque TL, Lamphere B, Motzny C, Kauffmann J, Ziemer K, Haywood S. Pathways by Which Self-Compassion Improves Positive Body Image: A Qualitative Analysis. Behav Sci (Basel) 2023; 13:939. [PMID: 37998685 PMCID: PMC10669661 DOI: 10.3390/bs13110939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Revised: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The current study applied consensual qualitative research-modified to essays written by 51 college women completing an expressive writing intervention over three time points for a total of 153 essays to identify how increases in self-compassion improve body image. A qualitative coding team tracked changes in affect and cognition over three time points. The results demonstrated that college women consistently expressed body acceptance and psychological flexibility. Additionally, the participants expressed important increases in mindfulness as well as decreases in social influences, feelings of separation, negative health behaviors, and attention to media messages. Decreases were found in their expressions of body functionality, love and kindness toward their body, and internal locus of control. These findings suggest pathways through which self-compassion may improve women's body image by increasing mindfulness and decreasing the negative ways of relating to one's body, specifically in the areas of media, clothing, make-up, and negative social interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trisha L. Raque
- Department of Counseling Psychology, University of Denver, Denver, CO 80210, USA; (B.L.); (C.M.); (J.K.); (S.H.)
| | - Brooke Lamphere
- Department of Counseling Psychology, University of Denver, Denver, CO 80210, USA; (B.L.); (C.M.); (J.K.); (S.H.)
| | - Christine Motzny
- Department of Counseling Psychology, University of Denver, Denver, CO 80210, USA; (B.L.); (C.M.); (J.K.); (S.H.)
| | - Julia Kauffmann
- Department of Counseling Psychology, University of Denver, Denver, CO 80210, USA; (B.L.); (C.M.); (J.K.); (S.H.)
| | - Kathryn Ziemer
- Old Town Psychology, 1221 King Street, Alexandria, VA 22314, USA;
| | - Shaakira Haywood
- Department of Counseling Psychology, University of Denver, Denver, CO 80210, USA; (B.L.); (C.M.); (J.K.); (S.H.)
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Koutra K, Mouatsou C, Psoma S. The Influence of Positive and Negative Aspects of Perfectionism on Psychological Distress in Emerging Adulthood: Exploring the Mediating Role of Self-Compassion. Behav Sci (Basel) 2023; 13:932. [PMID: 37998679 PMCID: PMC10669294 DOI: 10.3390/bs13110932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Revised: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Perfectionism constitutes a multidimensional personality trait. According to the diathesis-stress model, perfectionism may predispose individuals to experience increased psychological distress during stressful periods. Since self-compassion is considered as a protective factor within the context of mental health difficulties, the primary objective of this study was to explore the mediating function of self-compassion in the relationship between positive (i.e., high standards and order) and negative (i.e., discrepancy) aspects of perfectionism and psychological distress among Greek emerging adults. The sample consisted of 410 university students (47.6% males and 52.4% females), with a mean age of 20.61 ± 1.88 years. The Almost Perfect Scale-Revised (APS-R), the Self-Compassion Scale (SCS), and the General Health Questionnaire-28 (GHQ-28) were used to assess perfectionism, self-compassion, and psychological distress, respectively. The results indicated that self-compassion mediated the association between positive and negative aspects of perfectionism and different dimensions of psychological distress (i.e., somatic symptoms, anxiety/insomnia, social dysfunction, and severe depression). Specifically, discrepancy and increased levels of high standards were related to lower levels of self-compassion, thus leading to greater endorsement of psychological distress. In contrast, order was associated with higher levels of self-compassion, thus leading to lower levels of psychological distress. The findings of the present study highlight that self-compassion is an overall important area to examine in nonclinical populations. These findings have implications for the effectiveness of cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) in enhancing individuals' self-acceptance and awareness of their perfectionistic tendencies, as well as compassion-focused therapy (CFT) in elevating self-compassion, mindfulness, and overall psychological well-being while reducing psychological distress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katerina Koutra
- Addiction Psychology Laboratory, Department of Psychology, School of Social Sciences, University of Crete, 74100 Rethymnon, Crete, Greece; (C.M.); (S.P.)
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Brooks BD, Kaniuka A, Job SA, Hodgkinson N, Kelliher Rabon J, Williams SL, Hirsch JK. Anticipated Sexual Minority Stress and Mental Health after the 2016 Presidential Election: Examining a Psychological Mediation Framework. JOURNAL OF HOMOSEXUALITY 2023; 70:3125-3148. [PMID: 35759638 DOI: 10.1080/00918369.2022.2087481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Sexual minorities are at an increased risk for psychopathology, compared to heterosexual counterparts, in part due to stressors unique to their sexual minority identity. The greater socio-political climate may exacerbate sexual minority stress, and the context of the 2016 United States presidential election infringed upon the rights and well-being of LGBQ individuals. In our sample of sexual minorities (n = 253), we examined the association between anticipated stigma in response to the 2016 presidential election and symptoms of anxiety and depression, and the potential mediating role of self-compassion, hopelessness and social support. Greater anticipated stigma was associated with less self-compassion, less perceived social support, and greater hopelessness, and, in turn, greater symptoms of anxiety and depression. Anticipated stigma may erode feelings of environmental support and may be internalized as negative views of the self and future. From a public health perspective, policy-makers should be aware that the discussion and/or enactment of policies which discriminate against LGBQ persons may negatively impact mental health. Clinically, bolstering self-compassion and interpersonal functioning, and targeting hopelessness, through strategies such as Acceptance and Commitment Therapy and Compassion-Focused Therapy, may buffer the impact of minority stress among sexual minorities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Byron D Brooks
- Department of Psychology, Loyola University Chicago, Chicago, Illinios, USA
- Chicago Center for HIV Elimination, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Andrea Kaniuka
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, North Carolina, USA
| | - Sarah A Job
- Department of Population Health Sciences, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida, USA
| | - Nicole Hodgkinson
- Department of Psychology, Loyola University Chicago, Chicago, Illinios, USA
| | - Jessica Kelliher Rabon
- Division of Pediatric Psychology, Prisma Health - Upstate, Greenville, South Carolina, USA
| | - Stacey L Williams
- Department of Psychology, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, Tennessee, USA
| | - Jameson K Hirsch
- Department of Psychology, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, Tennessee, USA
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Nawaz H, Rabia M, Javed H, Yousaf M, Mahmood S, Riaz M. Stimulating appearance comparison dynamics and their effects on psychological dysfunctions: The moderating role of self-compassion. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0293798. [PMID: 37943777 PMCID: PMC10635436 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0293798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent decades, attitudes towards appearance comparison, and self-disapproval have rapidly increased, and these are attitudes strongly associated with psychological disorders. The present study aims to investigate the underlying patterns of depression, appearance-based stress, dietary constraints, and social and celebrity appearance comparison among young adults. It also examines the role of self-compassion in moderating the relationship between psychological dysfunctions and appearance comparison as well as the criteria and influences contributing to appearance comparison. Data on BMI, the measures of depression, appearance-based stress, eating restraints, appearance comparison, self-compassion, and predictors of peers and celebrity appearance comparison were collected from 434 college students (Age: Mean = 22; SD = 2.36; Male = Female = 217) in Sialkot, Pakistan. The data was analyzed by using the Hierarchical Regression Model. The results revealed that respondents who compared their appearances to peers and celebrities had increased depression and appearance-based stress while eating constraints didn't affect the appearance-based comparison, stress, and depression. Moreover, self-compassion significantly moderated the relationship between depression, appearance-based stress, and appearance comparison whereas an insignificant moderation effect is observed between eating restraints and self-compassion. Despite psychological distresses such as depression, appearance-based stress, and eating restraints, appearance comparisons are connected to appearance-based victimization, media appearance pressure, social-cultural appearance pressure, appearance conversation, and self-consciousness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Humma Nawaz
- Department of Statistics, GC Women University, Sialkot, Sialkot, Pakistan
| | - Mahwish Rabia
- Department of Statistics, GC Women University, Sialkot, Sialkot, Pakistan
| | - Hubba Javed
- Department of Statistics, GC Women University, Sialkot, Sialkot, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Yousaf
- Department of Statistics, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Islamabad, Pakistan
- Government Degree College Batkhela, Batkhela, Malakand, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | | | - Muhammad Riaz
- Centre for Trials Research College of Biomedical & Life Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
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Tudor L, Harenwall S, Henderson R, Bland AR. Post-covid-19 syndrome: Self-compassion and psychological flexibility moderate the relationship between physical symptom load and psychosocial impact. Acta Psychol (Amst) 2023; 241:104093. [PMID: 37995543 DOI: 10.1016/j.actpsy.2023.104093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Living with persistent physical symptoms of an acute COVID-19 infection has a substantial impact on individuals' everyday lives. The identification of potential therapeutic targets for Post-COVID-19 Syndrome (PCS) or "Long-COVID" that can be utilised to reduce the impact of symptoms, is necessary to support effective rehabilitation. Self-compassion and psychological flexibility are thought to be important constructs to consider when understanding how individuals approach the management of long-term health challenges. The present study investigated the extent to which self-compassion and psychological flexibility moderate the relationship between physical symptoms and their impact on daily life. One-hundred and five participants (91 females) who were living with PCS after an acute COVID-19 infection, completed measures to assess PCS physical symptom prevalence as well as measures to assess impact on daily life, self-compassion and psychological flexibility. Two parallel moderation analyses showed that self-compassion and psychological flexibility significantly moderated the relationships between physical symptom presentation and their psychosocial impact. This research highlights the buffering effects of self-compassion and psychological flexibility and the need to consider these psychological therapeutic targets, as part of PCS multidisciplinary rehabilitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lewis Tudor
- Department of Psychology, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, UK
| | - Sari Harenwall
- Primary Care Wellbeing Service, Bradford District Care NHS Foundation Trust, UK
| | | | - Amy R Bland
- Department of Psychology, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, UK.
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Hagerman CJ, Ehmann MM, Taylor LC, Forman EM. The role of self-compassion and its individual components in adaptive responses to dietary lapses. Appetite 2023; 190:107009. [PMID: 37619622 PMCID: PMC10543633 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2023.107009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Revised: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/19/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
Abstract
Dietary lapses (i.e., instances of dietary non-adherence) are common during weight loss attempts, and compromise success in two ways: increasing caloric intake and demoralizing the participant, sometimes leading them to abandon their weight control goals altogether. Efforts to understand and prevent demoralization have received almost no research attention. Self-compassion has high potential to promote adaptive responses to these setbacks because it reframes "failure" and promotes self-improvement. Past research shows that when participants experience a lapse, those practicing higher self-compassion report higher self-efficacy and intentions to continue dieting. The current study extended this literature to examine whether self-compassion in response to a lapse would predict lower likelihood of a subsequent same-day lapse and greater reports of perceived control over weight management behaviors. We also examined whether the individual facets of self-compassion, including self-kindness (treating oneself the way one would a friend); common humanity (the understanding that everyone has struggles); and mindfulness (non-judgmental awareness of thoughts and feelings) are associated with these outcomes. Participants (N = 140) enrolled in a behavioral weight loss trial completed 6 ecological momentary assessment (EMA) surveys a day for seven days. Total self-compassion and each facet of self-compassion individually were all associated with less negative affect after a lapse. None of the self-compassion variables predicted the likelihood of participants reporting a lapse again that day. However, higher total self-compassion and higher self-kindness after a lapse were both associated with greater perceived self-control over weight management behaviors in the hours following. Common humanity and mindfulness, respectively, were not associated with reports of perceived control. Results suggest that self-compassion following dieting setbacks may prevent goal disengagement, and that self-kindness is the facet most strongly associated with adaptive responses to these setbacks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte J Hagerman
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences and Center for Weight, Eating and Lifestyle Sciences (WELL Center), Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
| | - Marny M Ehmann
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences and Center for Weight, Eating and Lifestyle Sciences (WELL Center), Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
| | - Lauren C Taylor
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences and Center for Weight, Eating and Lifestyle Sciences (WELL Center), Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
| | - Evan M Forman
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences and Center for Weight, Eating and Lifestyle Sciences (WELL Center), Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
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Piña-Watson B, Suarez Bonilla G, Manzo G, Gonzalez IM. Examining associations between value-behavior discrepancy guilt, anxiety, and suicide risk for Mexican descent college students: Resilience through self-compassion. JOURNAL OF AMERICAN COLLEGE HEALTH : J OF ACH 2023:1-10. [PMID: 37855815 DOI: 10.1080/07448481.2023.2253916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The present study examines self-compassion (SC) as a potential protective factor in the relationship between value-behavior discrepancy guilt (VBDG) and the mental health outcomes of anxiety and suicide risk in a sample of Mexican-descent college students. METHOD Participants consisted of 810 college students of Mexican descent. Students were recruited through a psychology participant pool and completed an online survey. Two regression analyses examined the direct effect of VBDG on anxiety symptoms and suicide risk with SC as a moderator. RESULTS Results indicated that high levels of SC were protective in the relationship between VBDG and mental health outcomes. On the other hand, lower levels of SC put one at risk for increased anxiety symptoms and higher suicide risk when they experience VBDG. CONCLUSION The study shows the need to develop interventions that cultivate a high sense of SC in Mexican-descent college students.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brandy Piña-Watson
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas, USA
| | - Gisel Suarez Bonilla
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas, USA
| | - Gabriela Manzo
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas, USA
| | - Iliana M Gonzalez
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas, USA
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Akkuş K, Vardar M, Tunçel A, Tekinsav Sütcü S. Examining the Relationship Between Maladaptive Perfectionism and Social Anxiety: The Mediating Role of Self-Compassion. Psychol Rep 2023:332941231206352. [PMID: 37850577 DOI: 10.1177/00332941231206352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2023]
Abstract
Previous studies have indicated a relationship between perfectionism and social anxiety symptoms, but the mechanisms between these concepts are not well-defined yet. This study focused on the mediator role of self-compassion in the relationship between maladaptive perfectionism and social anxiety symptoms controlling self-esteem. It is hypothesized that maladaptive perfectionism would be related to lower levels of self-compassion and lower levels of self-compassion related to greater social anxiety symptoms controlling self-esteem. The sample consisted of 389 university students who completed a battery of instruments, including measures of The Liebowitz Social Anxiety Scale (LSAS), The Big Three Perfectionism Scale (BTPS), The Self-Compassion Scale (SCS), and The Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (RSES). Simple mediation analyses with bootstrapping demonstrated that self-compassion has a significant mediator role in the relationship between maladaptive perfectionism and social anxiety when self-esteem is not included in the model. However, results also revealed that the indirect effect of self-compassion is no longer significant when self-esteem is included in the model as a covariate. Findings suggest that self-compassion has no mediator role independent from self-esteem in the context of perfectionism and social anxiety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koray Akkuş
- Department of Psychology, Afyon Kocatepe University, Afyon, Turkey
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Ge C, Liu P, Zhang Z, Liu Y, Wang L, Qi Y. Self-construal modulates context-based social comparison preferences in outcome evaluations. Biol Psychol 2023; 183:108682. [PMID: 37689177 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsycho.2023.108682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Revised: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/11/2023]
Abstract
Self-construal (SC) describes how people perceive the relationship between themselves and others and is usually divided into interdependent and independent types. Several studies have been conducted on how people with independent and interdependent SC process their own and others' outcomes. However, few studies have investigated the influence of SC on outcome evaluation in a social comparison context. To explore this, we randomly assigned participants to interdependent and independent SC priming groups and analyzed the affects and electrophysiological responses generated when they played gambling games with two pseudo-players. The results showed that self-gambling state, SC, and social comparison interacted to influence feedback-related negativity (FRN). In the self-win condition, performances that differed from others elicited more negative FRN than evenness for both the interdependent and independent groups. In the self-loss condition, this effect was only found in the independent group. These results suggest that the outcome evaluation patterns in social contexts are not fixed but vary according to self-gambling state and SC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cao Ge
- Department of Psychology, School of Education, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Panting Liu
- Department of Psychology, School of Education, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Zheng Zhang
- Department of Radiotherapy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - Yuying Liu
- Department of Psychology, School of Education, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Lingxiao Wang
- Centre for Cognition and Brain disorders, the Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 310015, China; Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Research in Assessment of Cognitive Impairments, Hangzhou 310015, China
| | - Yanyan Qi
- Department of Psychology, School of Education, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China.
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Vani MF, Lucibello KM, Welsh T, Sabiston CM. Body-related shame disrupts attentional focus over time in adolescence. J Adolesc 2023; 95:1520-1527. [PMID: 37439039 DOI: 10.1002/jad.12216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Revised: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/14/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Body-related shame is a negative self-conscious emotion that is heightened during adolescence and is associated with several adverse outcomes. Of particular interest, and informed by Objectification Theory, body-related shame may impact attentional focus because the experience of this intense emotion may limit cognitive resources required to effectively engage in tasks. The purpose of the present study was to examine the association between body-related shame and attentional focus over time during adolescence. METHODS Adolescents (n = 160; Mage ± SD = 16.05 ± 0.98; 80% self-identifying girls) completed an online survey in 2022 at baseline (Time 1) and 3 months later (Time 2). Stepwise regression was used to test the association between body-related shame and attentional focus, with weight perception included as a covariate. RESULTS The regression model demonstrated that higher body-related shame predicted poorer attentional focus 3 months later (β = -0.44, p < .001), after controlling for weight perception (14% variance explained in attention). CONCLUSIONS Findings support and extend theoretical tenets by highlighting the potential importance of targeting body-related shame to reduce the negative impact on attentional focus among adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madison F Vani
- Faculty of Kinesiology and Physical Education, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Kristen M Lucibello
- Faculty of Kinesiology and Physical Education, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Timothy Welsh
- Faculty of Kinesiology and Physical Education, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Catherine M Sabiston
- Faculty of Kinesiology and Physical Education, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Kagan M, Mahat-Shamir M. The mediating role of self-compassion and the moderating role of restrictive emotionality in gender role discrepancy and depression. Heliyon 2023; 9:e19606. [PMID: 37681183 PMCID: PMC10480626 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e19606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Revised: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Masculine gender role discrepancy is men's perception of themselves as people who fail to conform to traditional masculine norms. There is solid scientific evidence that gender role discrepancy is related to grave mental health outcomes such as depression. Yet, the mechanisms that explicate the relationship between masculine gender role discrepancy and masculine depression remain unclear. As individual differences in men are suggested to be associated with depression, the current study aimed to examine the mediating role of self-compassion and the moderating role of restrictive emotionality in the association between masculine gender role discrepancy and masculine depression. For the purpose of the current study, a structured questionnaire was distributed through online means, resulting in a sample of 954 men aged 18 and older. The results revealed that self-compassion partially mediates the relationship between gender role discrepancy and masculine depression. Moreover, a positive effect of gender role discrepancy on masculine depression was found to be more pronounced at higher levels of restrictive emotionality. The contemporary empirical evidence underscores the significance of individual variances in adhering to conventional masculine gender norms concerning the nexus between gender role discrepancy and masculine depression. Moreover, this research accentuates the salience of gender role matters in shaping the mental well-being of men.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maya Kagan
- School of Social Work, Ariel University, Kiryat Hamada, Ariel, Israel
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Watkins E, Newbold A, Tester-Jones M, Collins LM, Mostazir M. Investigation of Active Ingredients Within Internet-Delivered Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Depression: A Randomized Optimization Trial. JAMA Psychiatry 2023; 80:942-951. [PMID: 37378962 PMCID: PMC10308300 DOI: 10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2023.1937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
Importance There is limited understanding of how complex evidence-based psychological interventions such as cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) for depression work. Identifying active ingredients may help to make therapy more potent, brief, and scalable. Objective To test the individual main effects and interactions of 7 treatment components within internet-delivered CBT for depression to investigate its active ingredients. Design, Setting, and Participants This randomized optimization trial using a 32-condition, balanced, fractional factorial optimization experiment (IMPROVE-2) recruited adults with depression (Patient Health Questionnaire-9 [PHQ-9] score ≥10) from internet advertising and the UK National Health Service Improving Access to Psychological Therapies service. Participants were randomized from July 7, 2015, to March 29, 2017, with follow-up for 6 months after treatment until December 29, 2017. Data were analyzed from July 2018 to April 2023. Interventions Participants were randomized with equal probability to 7 experimental factors within the internet CBT platform, each reflecting the presence vs absence of specific treatment components (activity scheduling, functional analysis, thought challenging, relaxation, concreteness training, absorption, and self-compassion training). Main Outcomes and Measures The primary outcome was depression symptoms (PHQ-9 score). Secondary outcomes include anxiety symptoms and work, home, and social functioning. Results Among 767 participants (mean age [SD] age, 38.5 [11.62] years; range, 18-76 years; 635 women [82.8%]), 506 (66%) completed the 6-month posttreatment follow-up. On average, participants receiving internet-delivered CBT had reduced depression (pre-to-posttreatment difference in PHQ-9 score, -7.79 [90% CI, -8.21 to -7.37]; 6-month follow-up difference in PHQ-9 score, -8.63 [90% CI, -9.04 to -8.22]). A baseline score-adjusted analysis of covariance model using effect-coded intervention variables (-1 or +1) found no main effect on depression symptoms for the presence vs absence of activity scheduling, functional analysis, thought challenging, relaxation, concreteness training, or self-compassion training (posttreatment: largest difference in PHQ-9 score [functional analysis], -0.09 [90% CI, -0.56 to 0.39]; 6-month follow-up: largest difference in PHQ-9 score [relaxation], -0.18 [90% CI, -0.61 to 0.25]). Only absorption training had a significant main effect on depressive symptoms at 6-month follow-up (posttreatment difference in PHQ-9 score, 0.21 [90% CI, -0.27 to 0.68]; 6-month follow-up difference in PHQ-9 score, -0.54, [90% CI, -0.97 to -0.11]). Conclusions and Relevance In this randomized optimization trial, all components of internet-delivered CBT except absorption training did not significantly reduce depression symptoms relative to their absence despite an overall average reduction in symptoms. The findings suggest that treatment benefit from internet-delivered CBT probably accrues from spontaneous remission, factors common to all CBT components (eg, structure, making active plans), and nonspecific therapy factors (eg, positive expectancy), with the possible exception of absorption focused on enhancing direct contact with positive reinforcers. Trial Registration isrctn.org Identifier: ISRCTN24117387.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward Watkins
- Sir Henry Wellcome Building for Mood Disorders Research, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom
| | - Alexandra Newbold
- Sir Henry Wellcome Building for Mood Disorders Research, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom
| | - Michelle Tester-Jones
- Sir Henry Wellcome Building for Mood Disorders Research, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom
| | | | - Mohammod Mostazir
- Sir Henry Wellcome Building for Mood Disorders Research, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom
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Huellemann KL, Tremblay PF, Calogero RM. Effects of online self-compassionate writing on stigmatizing and affirming self-perceptions: Potential boundary conditions in undergraduate women. Body Image 2023; 46:406-418. [PMID: 37556910 DOI: 10.1016/j.bodyim.2023.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Revised: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the effects of an online self-compassionate writing intervention on stigmatizing and affirming self-views toward the body in a sample of college women (N = 254). Participants were randomly assigned to a self-compassionate writing, attentional-control writing, or wait-list control condition for one week, and completed measures of self-compassion, affirming self-perceptions, and stigmatizing self-perceptions at baseline, one-week post intervention, and one-month post intervention. A series of mixed AN(C)OVAs revealed no significant effects by condition or time on stigmatizing or affirming self-views toward the body when controlling for self-esteem, internalized weight stigma, and eating disorder symptomatology. Follow-up exploratory analyses demonstrated no significant effects by condition on the six facets of self-compassion. Notably, participants were significantly more likely to drop out from the study over time if they were lower in self-compassion and self-esteem, and higher in internalized weight stigma at baseline. These results suggest that online self-compassion writing interventions may need to be longer and more potent, especially for women with more entrenched and stigmatized views about their bodies, as well as potential boundary conditions of cultivating self-compassion in a short-term online intervention.
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Muris P, Otgaar H. Self-Esteem and Self-Compassion: A Narrative Review and Meta-Analysis on Their Links to Psychological Problems and Well-Being. Psychol Res Behav Manag 2023; 16:2961-2975. [PMID: 37554304 PMCID: PMC10406111 DOI: 10.2147/prbm.s402455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 07/30/2023] [Indexed: 08/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The present review addressed the relationship between two self-related concepts that are assumed to play a role in human resilience and well-being: self-esteem and self-compassion. Besides a theoretical exploration of both concepts, a meta-analysis (k = 76, N = 35,537 participants) was conducted to examine the magnitude of the relation between self-esteem and self-compassion and their links to indices of well-being and psychological problems. The average correlation between self-esteem and self-compassion was strong (r = 0.65, effect size = 0.71), suggesting that - despite some distinct features - the overlap between both self-related constructs is considerable. Self-esteem and self-compassion displayed relations of a similar magnitude to measures of well-being and psychological problems, and both concepts accounted for unique variance in these measures once controlling for their shared variance. Self-esteem and self-compassion can best be seen as complementary concepts and we invite researchers to look more at their joint protective role within a context of well-being and mental health as well as to their additive value in the treatment of people with psychological problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Muris
- Department of Clinical Psychological Science, Faculty of Psychology and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - Henry Otgaar
- Department of Clinical Psychological Science, Faculty of Psychology and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
- Institute of Criminology, Faculty of Law and Criminology, Catholic University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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Wang W, Ding X. A pilot randomized trial of self-compassion writing for young adult women engaged in emotional eating in the context of appearance-related cyberbullying. Int J Eat Disord 2023; 56:1520-1533. [PMID: 37080948 DOI: 10.1002/eat.23967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Revised: 04/10/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 04/22/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the effectiveness of a 10-min self-compassion writing in alleviating body dissatisfaction, self-objectification, and emotional eating in young adult women engaged in emotional eating in the context of appearance-related cyberbullying. METHOD A total of 175 Chinese young adult women (Mage = 20.90, SD = 1.65) were randomly assigned to one of the three groups: self-compassion, distraction, or control group. At baseline, participants completed assessments of trait and state body dissatisfaction, trait self-objectification, trait self-compassion, emotional eating, and positive and negative affect. Then they needed to recall an appearance-related cyberbullying victimization experience, after which state body dissatisfaction, state self-objectification, and positive and negative affect were measured. After the intervention, participants completed measures of state body dissatisfaction, state self-objectification, positive and negative affect, state self-compassion, and a food-choosing task. At 1-month follow-up, participants completed measures of trait body dissatisfaction, trait self-objectification, trait self-compassion, and emotional eating. RESULTS At post-intervention, state body dissatisfaction and negative affect were significantly lower, and positive affect was significantly higher in both the self-compassion and distraction groups compared to control. State self-objectification was significantly lower in the self-compassion group than in the other two groups. At 1-month follow-up, the self-compassion group showed significantly lower levels of body dissatisfaction than the control group. DISCUSSION The findings provide initial evidence for the potential of self-compassion writing in reducing state self-objectification and state body dissatisfaction in the context of appearance-related cyberbullying. PUBLIC SIGNIFICANCE Appearance-related cyberbullying, a common phenomenon in social networking sites, has been documented to associate with appearance-related concerns and disordered eating in young adult women. However, effective interventions that can reduce these negative associations are scarce. This study preliminarily found that a brief self-compassion writing could be a potential intervention for reducing state self-objectification and state body dissatisfaction in young adult women who had suffered appearance-related cyberbullying.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenying Wang
- Department of Medical Psychology, School of Medical Humanities, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xinfang Ding
- Department of Medical Psychology, School of Medical Humanities, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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Sotiropoulou K, Patitsa C, Giannakouli V, Galanakis M, Koundourou C, Tsitsas G. Self-Compassion as a Key Factor of Subjective Happiness and Psychological Well-Being among Greek Adults during COVID-19 Lockdowns. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:6464. [PMID: 37569007 PMCID: PMC10418894 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20156464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Revised: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023]
Abstract
The present study examined the association and complementary effect of self-compassion on the subjective happiness and psychological well-being of adults during the COVID-19 pandemic. The study was based on a concurrent correlational design to examine relationships between self-compassion, subjective happiness, psychological well-being, resilience, and the meaning in life. Data were collected via a battery of questionnaires and analyzed, focusing on the above variables. The sample of this study (N = 526) consisted of Greek professionals in education and university students. The results showed that there is a strong positive relationship between self-compassion and subjective happiness, and between self-compassion and psychological well-being. The findings suggest that an attitude of self-compassion may well influence the development of psychological well-being and increase the subjective happiness of adults during the distressing era of a long-term pandemic. The results also indicated a positive relationship between self-compassion and meaning in life and showed that self-compassion is a prerequisite for resilience, which in turn may serve as a moderator of psychological well-being and subjective happiness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyriaki Sotiropoulou
- Department of Psychology, School of Health Sciences, Neapolis University Pafos, 8042 Pafos, Cyprus
| | - Christina Patitsa
- Department of Psychology, School of Health Sciences, Neapolis University Pafos, 8042 Pafos, Cyprus
| | - Venetia Giannakouli
- Department of Archival, Library and Information Studies, University of West Attica, 122 43 Athens, Greece
| | - Michail Galanakis
- Department of Psychology, School of Health Sciences, Neapolis University Pafos, 8042 Pafos, Cyprus
| | - Christiana Koundourou
- Department of Psychology, School of Health Sciences, Neapolis University Pafos, 8042 Pafos, Cyprus
| | - Georgios Tsitsas
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health Science and Education, Harokopio University, 176 76 Athens, Greece
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Hu Y. Examining the effects of teacher self-compassion, emotion regulation, and emotional labor strategies as predictors of teacher resilience in EFL context. Front Psychol 2023; 14:1190837. [PMID: 37546437 PMCID: PMC10401064 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1190837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction This study investigates the effects of teacher self-compassion, emotion regulation, and emotional labor strategies on teacher resilience in the English as a foreign language (EFL) context. The study aims to understand the relationships between these variables and their potential implications for promoting teacher resilience. Methods A sample of 711 Chinese EFL teachers participated in the study. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was conducted to assess the psychometric properties of the instruments used to measure teacher self-compassion, emotion regulation, emotional labor strategies, and teacher resilience. Structural equation modeling (SEM) was employed to examine the relationships between these variables. Results The results of the study revealed that teacher self-compassion and emotional labor strategies had direct positive effects on teacher resilience. Specifically, higher levels of self-compassion and effective use of emotional labor strategies were associated with greater teacher resilience. Furthermore, teacher emotion regulation was found to indirectly predict teacher resilience through the mediation of emotional labor strategies. This suggests that the ability to regulate emotions influences the adoption of effective emotional labor strategies, which in turn contributes to higher levels of teacher resilience. Discussion The findings of this study highlight the importance of teacher self-compassion, emotion regulation, and emotional labor strategies in promoting teacher resilience in the EFL context. Interventions aimed at enhancing teacher emotional regulation skills and fostering self-compassion may have significant implications for supporting teachers in managing the demands and challenges of their profession, ultimately enhancing their resilience. These findings contribute to the understanding of factors that can promote teacher resilience and inform the development of targeted interventions in the EFL context.
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Andorfer A, Kraler S, Kaufmann P, Pollheimer E, Spah C, Fuchshuber J, Rominger C, Traunmüller C, Schwerdtfeger A, Unterrainer HF. Psychophysiological stress response after a 6-week Mindful Self-Compassion training in psychiatric rehabilitation inpatients: a randomized post-test only study. Front Psychiatry 2023; 14:1098122. [PMID: 37533890 PMCID: PMC10391549 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1098122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives Mindfulness-based interventions (including self-compassion interventions) are effective in improving stress management at psychological and physical levels. Mindful Self-Compassion (MSC) is a newly developed program particularly aimed at increasing self-compassion. The main objective of this study was to determine whether the psychophysiological stress response during a social-evaluative speaking task differs in inpatients participating in the MSC or the Progressive Muscle Relaxation (PMR) program at the end of their 6-week psychiatric rehabilitation stay (i.e., post-test only design). Method Data from 50 inpatients (25 MSC, 25 PMR, 35 female) aged 19 to 76 years (M = 47.22, SD = 12.44) were analyzed in terms of psychophysiological stress response. For this purpose, heart rate variability, heart rate, and blood pressure were assessed together with several psychometric variables: positive and negative affect (PANAS), subjective stress perception (Visual Analog Scale), self-compassion (Self-Compassion Scale), cognitive reappraisal and suppression (Emotion Regulation Questionnaire), psychological distress (Brief Symptom Inventory-18), and appraisal and rumination (selected items). Results After correction for alpha inflation no differences in the psychophysiological stress response and psychometric parameters between the MSC and PMR group were found. Discussion In general, our results indicate that MSC is not superior to PMR training. However, more research with clinical randomized controlled trials investigating larger samples are needed to further affirm these initial findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Andorfer
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapeutic Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
- CIAR: Center for Integrative Addiction Research, Grüner Kreis Society, Vienna, Austria
| | - Sabina Kraler
- Institute of Psychology, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Paul Kaufmann
- Center for Psychosocial Health, Sonnenpark Neusiedlersee, Rust, Austria
| | - Ewald Pollheimer
- Center for Psychosocial Health, Sonnenpark Neusiedlersee, Rust, Austria
| | - Christoph Spah
- Center for Psychosocial Health, Sonnenpark Neusiedlersee, Rust, Austria
| | - Jürgen Fuchshuber
- CIAR: Center for Integrative Addiction Research, Grüner Kreis Society, Vienna, Austria
- Department of Psychoanalysis and Psychotherapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | | | | | | | - Human-Friedrich Unterrainer
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapeutic Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
- CIAR: Center for Integrative Addiction Research, Grüner Kreis Society, Vienna, Austria
- Institute of Psychology, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
- Department of Religious Studies, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Faculty of Psychotherapy Science, Sigmund Freud University, Vienna, Austria
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Xue F, Suh HN, Rice KG, Ashby JS. Cumulative Trauma and Trauma Symptoms: A Three-Way Interaction. Behav Sci (Basel) 2023; 13:576. [PMID: 37504023 PMCID: PMC10376125 DOI: 10.3390/bs13070576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Revised: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to test if perceived social support and self-compassion will interact to reduce the magnitude of the bivariate relationship (buffering effect) between cumulative trauma and trauma symptoms after controlling for gender and age among college students. As part of a broader research project conducted between 2018 and 2019, we collected data via online surveys from a sample of 551 undergraduate students at a public university in the southern region of the US. After data cleaning, the study included 538 participants (representing 97.6% of the original dataset), ensuring a diverse representation across various ethnicities and genders. The three-way interaction model accounted for 38.61% of the variance in PTSD symptoms. In detail, with high levels of perceived social support, there was a significant difference in the buffering effects of perceived social support on the trauma-PTSD association between high and low self-compassion. Conversely, at high levels of self-compassion, perceived social support did not significantly influence the buffering effect of self-compassion. This study underscores the critical role of self-compassion in enhancing the protective effect of high-level perceived social support against PTSD symptoms following cumulative trauma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Xue
- Department of Counseling and Psychological Services, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA
| | - Han Na Suh
- Department of Counseling and Psychological Services, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA
| | - Kenneth G Rice
- Department of Counseling and Psychological Services, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA
| | - Jeffrey S Ashby
- Department of Counseling and Psychological Services, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA
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Gano-Overway LA, Peterson MC. Connections between caring climate, self-compassion, self-pity, and reactions to an emotionally difficult sport situation. PSYCHOLOGY OF SPORT AND EXERCISE 2023; 67:102428. [PMID: 37665881 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychsport.2023.102428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Revised: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/06/2023]
Abstract
Multiple variables influence athletes' ability to cope with the challenges of sport participation including self-compassion, self-pity, and emotional regulation. Yet, the role of coach and teammates in nurturing self-compassion (SC), reducing self-pity (SP), and helping to regulate emotions (RESE) has not been fully investigated. Therefore, this study explored the interrelationships between perceptions of the caring climate (CC), SC, SP, RESE, and reactions to an emotionally difficult sport scenario (REs) and specific ways coaches and teammates helped or hindered SC. 224 predominately White (79%), female (69%), male (30%), and non-binary (1%) undergraduate students (Mage = 18.44, SD = 0.66) involved in a high school sport the previous year, participated in an online survey. The survey included measures of CC, SC, SP, RESE, and REs along with four open-ended questions asking participants to reflect on how coaches and teammates helped or hindered development of SC. Correlations revealed CC was positively related to RESE and SC and negatively related to SP. Further, CC was positively associated with constructive REs and negatively associated with deconstructive REs. To test whether RESE, SC, and SP mediated the relationship between the CC and REs, a path analysis was conducted. A partially mediated model emerged, ꭓ2(11) = 22.10, p = .02, CFI = 0.99, TLI = 0.93, RMSEA = 0.07 (CI = 0.02-0.11), SRMR = 0.04, with CC positively predicting positive and negative RESE, positive RESE positively predicting SC, and negative RESE positively predicting SC and negatively predicting SP. Additionally, SC, SP, and RESE differentially predicted REs. Thematic analysis of the open-ended questions revealed higher order themes of emotional, esteem, informational, and conditional support with a variety of supports being used by coaches and teammates. These findings provide insight into how coaches may be able to support athletes' SC and RESE to navigate challenges within sport.
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Wilson RB, Thompson AR, Rowse G, Smith R, Dugdale AS, Freeth M. Autistic women's experiences of self-compassion after receiving their diagnosis in adulthood. AUTISM : THE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RESEARCH AND PRACTICE 2023; 27:1336-1347. [PMID: 36373832 PMCID: PMC10291390 DOI: 10.1177/13623613221136752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/01/2023]
Abstract
Knowledge of autistic individuals' experiences of self-compassion is very limited. This study investigated autistic women's experiences of self-compassion after receiving their diagnosis in adulthood. Eleven autistic women were interviewed about their experiences of receiving their diagnosis in adulthood and their experiences of self-compassion. Systematic analysis of the interview transcripts revealed common themes in the participants' experiences. Participants reported that their autism diagnosis helped them to better understand themselves, particularly when reflecting on problematic past experiences. After receiving an autism diagnosis, participants described being able to relate to themselves with greater self-kindness compared to previous self-criticism; this included allowing themselves to assert their needs and engage in self-care activities. Participants spoke about having difficult social experiences, including feeling pressure to conform to expectations in society and often feeling misunderstood. The findings highlight the barriers autistic women face obtaining their diagnoses and demonstrate the need for autism training for professionals to support early identification. Findings from this study suggest that interventions aimed at developing self-compassion could support and enhance autistic women's well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Richard Smith
- Derbyshire Community Health Services, NHS Foundation Trust, UK
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Bahrami Nejad Joneghani R, Bahrami Nejad Joneghani R, Dustmohammadloo H, Bouzari P, Ebrahimi P, Fekete-Farkas M. Self-Compassion, Work Engagement and Job Performance among Intensive Care Nurses during COVID-19 Pandemic: The Mediation Role of Mental Health and the Moderating Role of Gender. Healthcare (Basel) 2023; 11:1884. [PMID: 37444718 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare11131884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2023] [Revised: 06/24/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted attention on the importance of certain variables in predicting job performance. Among these, mental health is one of the main variables affected by this pandemic. It can have an important mediating role in predicting job performance by individual, occupational, and organizational variables, especially in the nursing community. However, there is little information about its mediation role among the predictors of job performance. This cross-sectional study aimed to examine the role of mental health as a mediating factor in the influence of self-compassion and work engagement on ICU nurses' job performance during the COVID-19 pandemic, as well as the moderating effect of gender on all model relations. A survey of 424 ICU nurses (men 193 and women 231) was undertaken in three Coronavirus hospitals in Isfahan, Iran. (2) Method: Questionnaires were distributed and collected among the statistical sample, and the data from the questionnaires were analyzed using AMOS24 software (version 24). The research model was evaluated in two stages (the main model and the two sub-models in two gender groups). (3) Result: The analysis revealed that work engagement (β = 0.42, p < 0.001), mental health (β = 0.54, p < 0.001) and job performance (β = 0.51, p < 0.001) were discovered to be positively related to self-compassion. Work engagement is positively associated with mental health (β = 0.16, p < 0.01) and job performance (β = 0.21, p < 0.001), and mental health is linked positively to job performance (β = 0.23, p < 0.001). Furthermore, the effects of self-compassion and work engagement on job performance are mediated by mental health. According to the findings, gender moderates the link between self-compassion and work engagement, work engagement and job performance, and self-compassion and job performance. (4) Conclusion: Mental health has a mediating role in the effect of self-compassion and work engagement on ICU nurses' job performance. Gender also acted as a moderator in some relationships. Males are dominant in all of these relationships as compared to females.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Hakimeh Dustmohammadloo
- California Language Academy, Jalan Ampang, Kuala Lampur City Center, Kuala Lampur 50450, Malaysia
| | - Parisa Bouzari
- Department of Agricultural Logistics, Trade and Marketing, Institute of Agricultural and Food Economics, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences (MATE), Páter Károly Street 1, H-2100 Gödöllő, Hungary
| | - Pejman Ebrahimi
- Doctoral School of Economic and Regional Sciences, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences (MATE), H-2100 Gödöllő, Hungary
| | - Mária Fekete-Farkas
- Institute of Agricultural and Food Economics, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences (MATE), Páter Károly Street 1, H-2100 Gödöllő, Hungary
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Israel S, Reuveni O, Glick I, Levit-Binnun N. Accepting Things as They Are: Dispositional Mindfulness, Decentering, Self-Compassion, and the Impact of Stuttering on Adults Who Stutter. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SPEECH-LANGUAGE PATHOLOGY 2023:1-17. [PMID: 37256701 DOI: 10.1044/2023_ajslp-22-00388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Mindfulness is defined as intentional, present-moment, nonjudgmental awareness. Previous studies have proposed that mindfulness practice may benefit people who stutter. This study aimed to test the relationship between levels of dispositional mindfulness in people who stutter and the impact of stuttering and whether self-compassion and the metacognitive ability of shifting to an objective perspective (decentering) mediate this relationship. It is hypothesized that greater dispositional mindfulness is associated with attenuated negative impact of stuttering on a person's life through a higher capability to shift into an objective and compassionate perspective. METHOD A total of 150 Israeli adults who stutter completed a full online survey in Hebrew to assess their levels of dispositional mindfulness, self-compassion, decentering capability, and impact of stuttering on their lives. The relationships between constructs were assessed using Pearson's correlation and mediation analysis. RESULTS The adverse impact of stuttering was negatively and moderately associated with dispositional mindfulness, such that individuals with greater self-reported dispositional mindfulness reported fewer reactions to stuttering, difficulty in communication, and higher quality of life. This relationship was fully and sequentially mediated via decentering and self-compassion, which were also negatively and moderately associated with the impact of stuttering. CONCLUSIONS People who stutter with greater dispositional mindfulness have an increased ability to view their experiences in a more objective and compassionate manner, which is associated with an attenuated impact of stuttering on their lives. As these capabilities can be cultivated through practice, this study proposes mindfulness practice as an additional beneficial tool for people who stutter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiran Israel
- Sagol Center for Brain and Mind, Reichman University, Herzliya, Israel
| | - Omer Reuveni
- Sagol Center for Brain and Mind, Reichman University, Herzliya, Israel
- School of Psychological Sciences, University of Haifa, Israel
| | | | - Nava Levit-Binnun
- Sagol Center for Brain and Mind, Reichman University, Herzliya, Israel
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Haldorai K, Kim WG, Agmapisarn C, Li JJ. Fear of COVID-19 and employee mental health in quarantine hotels: The role of self-compassion and psychological resilience at work. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HOSPITALITY MANAGEMENT 2023; 111:103491. [PMID: 37082304 PMCID: PMC10076513 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijhm.2023.103491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Revised: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 04/01/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has had a massive and unprecedented impact on the mental health of individuals worldwide. Quarantine hotel employees not only endured enormous upheavals when providing service to quarantine guests during obligatory quarantine periods, but also experienced the high mental stress that comes with the risk of exposure and contagion of themselves, their friends, and their families. This study investigated the impact of the fear of COVID-19 on mental health problems. The moderating roles of self-compassion and psychological resilience were also examined. Data was collected from 360 employees from thirteen "Alternative State Quarantine" hotels in Thailand. The results suggested that fear of COVID-19 positively influenced mental health problems. Self-compassion and psychological resilience at work buffered the detrimental impact of fear of COVID-19 on mental health. This three-way interaction demonstrated that employees with high self-compassion and high resilience coped better. The theoretical and practical implications for hospitality managers are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kavitha Haldorai
- International Center for Hospitality Research & Development, Dedman College of Hospitality, Florida State University, 288 Champions Way, UCB 4117, P.O. Box 3062541, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA
| | - Woo Gon Kim
- International Center for Hospitality Research & Development, Dedman College of Hospitality, Florida State University, 288 Champions Way, UCB 4115, P.O. Box 3062541, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA
| | - Charoenchai Agmapisarn
- Graduate School of Tourism Management, National Institute of Development Administration (NIDA), 148 Serithai Road, Klong-Chan, Bangkapi, Bangkok 10240, Thailand
| | - Jun Justin Li
- School of Tourism Management, South China Normal University, Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou 510006, China
- Faculty of International Tourism and Management, City University of Macau, Taipa, Macau
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Bicaker E, Schell SE, Racine SE. The role of self-compassion in the relationship between rejection and unhealthy eating: An ecological momentary assessment study. Appetite 2023; 186:106568. [PMID: 37054819 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2023.106568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Revised: 03/19/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 04/15/2023]
Abstract
Available studies suggest that experiencing interpersonal rejection heightens negative affect and, in turn, triggers unhealthy eating behaviors. Elucidating individual differences that attenuate the negative consequences of rejection could inform interventions targeting unhealthy eating. This study examined the buffering role of self-compassion in the relationship between rejection experiences and unhealthy eating behaviors, defined as snacking on junk food and overeating. Two-hundred undergraduate students (50% women) completed ecological momentary assessments measuring rejection experiences, emotions, and unhealthy eating seven times a day for 10 consecutive days. Self-compassion was measured after the 10-day assessment period. Reports of rejection were low (2.6%) in our university sample. Multilevel mediation analyses examined whether the relationship between experiencing rejection and subsequent unhealthy eating was mediated by negative affect. Multilevel moderated mediation analyses further considered whether relationships between rejection and negative affect and between negative affect and unhealthy eating were moderated by self-compassion. Experiencing rejection predicted more unhealthy eating behaviors at the next time point, and this relationship was fully explained by increases in negative affect. Participants with high levels of self-compassion experienced less intense negative affect after rejection and reported less unhealthy eating behaviors when feeling negative emotions, compared to their counterparts with lower levels of self-compassion. The indirect effect of rejection on unhealthy eating was moderated by self-compassion, and there was no statistically significant relationship between rejection and unhealthy eating behaviors among highly self-compassionate participants. Findings suggest that cultivating self-compassion may help attenuate the negative impact of rejection experiences on emotions and unhealthy eating behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ege Bicaker
- Department of Psychology, McGill University, Canada
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Sullivan-Myers C, Sherman KA, Beath AP, Cooper MJW, Duckworth TJ. Body image, self-compassion, and sexual distress in individuals living with endometriosis. J Psychosom Res 2023; 167:111197. [PMID: 36805454 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychores.2023.111197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Revised: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 02/11/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Extensive psychological burden is associated with the experience of living with endometriosis, including negative changes to body image and sexual functioning. Emerging evidence suggests that potential protective factors such as body appreciation and self-compassion may help mitigate these adverse impacts of endometriosis. This study aimed to investigate the association of body image, both positive (body appreciation) and negative (body image disturbance) dimensions, with sexual distress and the potential buffering effect of self-compassion on the body image-sexual distress link. METHODS Data were collected via an online cross-sectional survey (N = 471) assessing body image disturbance, body appreciation, self-compassion and sexual distress in individuals with endometriosis. A series of hierarchical linear regression analyses were conducted to explore the relationship between key variables. RESULTS >80% of the sample reported clinically significant sexual distress and high levels of body image disturbance. Regression analyses indicated a moderate positive effect of body image disturbance with sexual distress, and a weaker inverse effect of self-compassion with sexual distress. Body appreciation was not associated with sexual distress, and no moderating effects of self-compassion were evident. CONCLUSION The high prevalence of sexual distress identified in this sample, along with the finding that body image disturbance was strongly associated with sexual distress, suggest that psychosocial interventions addressing body image may help ameliorate sexual distress in individuals with endometriosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Sullivan-Myers
- Centre for Emotional Health, School of Psychological Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - K A Sherman
- Centre for Emotional Health, School of Psychological Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Centre for Ageing, Cognition and Wellbeing, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
| | - A P Beath
- School of Psychological Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - M J W Cooper
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The University of Sydney, Level 7 187 Macquarie St, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - T J Duckworth
- School of Psychology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
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Collins S, Orth T, Brunton R, Dryer R. Child abuse and wellbeing: Examining the roles of self-compassion and fear of self. CHILD ABUSE & NEGLECT 2023; 138:106089. [PMID: 36764171 DOI: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2023.106089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Revised: 01/29/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Childhood abuse is linked to poorer well-being, yet some survivors show no prolonged effect, suggesting multifinality. Men and women also differ in the experience and sequelae of abuse supporting gender-specific analyses. To assist in circumventing poor outcomes associated with child abuse, this study examined fear of self (FoS) and self-compassion (SC) as risk and protective factors between child abuse and well-being. METHOD Australian women (N = 1302, Mage = 47.28 [13.63]) completed an online assessment of childhood abuse, psychological distress, perceived quality of life, SC, FoS. Moderated-moderation examined the different abuses as predictors of psychological distress and quality of life (QoL) and FoS and SC as primary and secondary moderators, respectively. RESULTS Physical abuse did not predict psychological distress or QoL. FoS and SC were independent predictors of distress and QoL. Similarly, childhood sexual abuse was not found to predict distress or QoL. FoS and SC were independent predictors of distress and QoL. There was also an interaction between childhood sexual abuse and SC in predicting QoL. A moderated-moderation was found for the relationship between child sexual abuse and distress. Psychological abuse predicted distress and QoL, and FoS and SC both moderated this relationship. Moreover, a moderated-moderation was observed for the relationship between psychological abuse and QoL. CONCLUSIONS Greater FoS is associated with poorer outcomes for child abuse survivors; SC may mitigate this impact. Psychological abuse was the strongest predictor of well-being. Interventions that increase SC and raise awareness of psychological abuse and its impacts are needed.
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