1
|
Hu J, Zheng Q, Zhou T, Huang Z. Development and initial validation of the parental response to adolescents' emotions scale: A mixed methods approach. JOURNAL OF RESEARCH ON ADOLESCENCE : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR RESEARCH ON ADOLESCENCE 2024. [PMID: 38650355 DOI: 10.1111/jora.12945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2022] [Revised: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
An exploratory mixed methods design was used to explore age-appropriate characteristics of parental response to emotion (PRE) during adolescence in Chinese families and develop the parental response to adolescents' emotions scale (C-PRAES). Qualitative interviews with 21 parent-adolescent dyads were employed to explore characteristics of PRE in adolescence and generate item pools. Structural validity, criterion validity, measurement invariance across informants (adolescents vs. parents, mothers vs. fathers) and consistency reliability were examined in the quantitative phase (Nadolescent = 702, Nparent = 476). New age-appropriate strategies were generated from qualitative phase: Guidance in reappraisal, Allowing independent regulation, and Avoiding escalation of conflict. The formal version of the C-PRAES comprised items in two dimensions (supportive/non-supportive) and exhibited good validity, reliability, and measurement invariance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Hu
- Department of Medical Psychology, School of Health Humanities, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, Purdue University, West Lafayette, 47906, IN, USA
| | - Qinliang Zheng
- Department of Pediatrics, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining, China
- Shandong Provincial Key Medical and Health Discipline of Pediatric Internal Medicine (Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University), Jining, Shandong, China
- Jining Key Laboratory for Prevention and Treatment of Severe Infection in Children, Jining Key Laboratory for Prevention and Treatment of Severe Infection in Children, Jining, Shandong, China
| | - Ting Zhou
- Department of Medical Psychology, School of Health Humanities, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Zheng Huang
- Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Yeung MK. Effects of age, gender, and education on task performance and prefrontal cortex processing during emotional and non-emotional verbal fluency tests. BRAIN AND LANGUAGE 2023; 245:105325. [PMID: 37748413 DOI: 10.1016/j.bandl.2023.105325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Revised: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/27/2023]
Abstract
The emotional semantic fluency test (SFT) is an emerging verbal fluency test that requires controlled access to emotional lexical information. Currently, how demographic variables influence neurocognitive processing during this test remains elusive. The present study compared the effects of age, gender, and education on task performance and prefrontal cortex (PFC) processing during the non-emotional and emotional SFTs. One-hundred and thirty-three Cantonese-speaking adults aged 18-79 performed the non-emotional and emotional SFTs while their PFC activation was measured using functional near-infrared spectroscopy. Results showed that more education predicted better non-emotional SFT performance, whereas younger age, being female, and more education predicted better emotional SFT performance. Only age significantly affected PFC activation during the SFTs, and the effect was comparable between the two SFTs. Thus, compared with its non-emotional analog, the emotional SFT is influenced by overlapping yet distinct demographic variables. There is a similar age-related reorganization of PFC function across SFT performances.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael K Yeung
- Department of Psychology, The Education University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; University Research Facility in Behavioral and Systems Neuroscience, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Ang JYZ, Tsai W. Cultural differences in the relations between expressive flexibility and life satisfaction over time. Front Psychol 2023; 14:1204256. [PMID: 37599734 PMCID: PMC10433629 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1204256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Expressive flexibility refers to the ability to assess situational demands and adjust one's emotion expressions via enhancement or suppression. It has been associated with lower levels of depressive and anxiety symptoms and greater social acceptance. These relationships, however, have not yet been examined across cultures-where prior research has found cultural differences in norms on emotion displays and their associations with mental health. This study examined expressive flexibility across three cultural groups and their associations with life satisfaction and depressive symptoms over time. Methods 276 first-year college students (146 Asian American, 71 European Americans, and 62 Latinx Americans) completed two online surveys during the first (T1) and thirteenth week (T2) of the Fall 2020 academic semester. Results Results revealed no significant cultural group differences in the ability to enhance or suppress emotions. However, we found a significant ethnicity x enhancement ability interaction in predicting T2 life satisfaction, controlling for T1 life satisfaction, age, gender, and emotion regulation frequency. Specifically, greater ability to enhance one's emotions was significantly associated with higher life satisfaction over time among Asian Americans, but not for European Americans and Latinx Americans. Discussion Our findings illustrate the importance of not looking just at cultural group differences in the levels of expressive flexibility, but also at the associations between expressive flexibility and mental health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jen Ying Zhen Ang
- Department of Applied Psychology, New York University, New York, NY, United States
| | | |
Collapse
|
4
|
Chen JK, Yang B, Wang LC, Chang CW, Lin CY. Is Psychological Distress a Risk Factor or an Outcome of School Violence and Cyberbullying Perpetrated by Adolescents? A Short-Term Longitudinal Panel Study. JOURNAL OF INTERPERSONAL VIOLENCE 2023:8862605231163249. [PMID: 37032613 DOI: 10.1177/08862605231163249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Although the associations between adolescent psychological distress (i.e., depression, anxiety, and somatization), school violence, and cyberbullying have been examined using cross-sectional data, little evidence from longitudinal panel data exists to determine the temporal association. A two-wave longitudinal panel data with a 10-month interval were obtained from a random sample of 487 Chinese junior high school students (grades 7-9) in Tianjin in Mainland China. The cross-lagged panel analysis showed that adolescent psychological distress in the first wave of the survey was significantly associated with subsequent school violence against peers and teachers in the second wave but not in the opposite direction. Student psychological distress in the first wave of the survey was not significantly associated with cyberbullying perpetration in the second wave and vice versa. The findings suggested that adolescent psychological distress was a risk factor rather than the consequence of violence against peers and teachers in school. However, the temporal associations between adolescent psychological distress and cyberbullying perpetration were non-significant. These findings were relevant to both sex groups. The findings may imply that potential interventions and policies to prevent students from committing school violence should consider reducing students' psychological distress as one of the core elements.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Kang Chen
- Department of Social Work, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Boyuan Yang
- Department of Social Work, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Li-Chih Wang
- Department of Special Education, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Wen Chang
- Graduate Institute of Social Work, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Ying Lin
- Institute of Allied Health Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Ding Z, Song Q, Chu J, Zou T, Zheng K, Liu Z, Peng W, Yi J. Application of Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire in Chinese Community Elderly. Psychol Res Behav Manag 2023; 16:829-839. [PMID: 36945310 PMCID: PMC10024881 DOI: 10.2147/prbm.s401087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 03/04/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The present study investigated the applicability of the Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (CERQ) in the Chinese community elderly and explored the influence of cognitive emotion regulation strategies on late-life depression. Methods A total of 367 community elderly aged 60-94 were deemed eligible and completed CERQ, the Perceived Stress Scale-10, the Geriatric Depression Questionnaire-15, and the State Anxiety Inventory. Confirmatory factor analysis was adopted to verify the 9-factor structure of CERQ. Cronbach's α coefficient, Ω coefficient and split-half reliability were used to test the internal consistency of CERQ. Pearson correlations among scores of CERQ and other scales were calculated to examine its convergent validity. In addition, a structural equation model was used to further examine the effect of cognitive emotion regulation strategies on the association between perceived stress and late-life depression. Results All the fitting indexes of CERQ's 9-factor model met the criterion (χ 2/df= 2.26, CFI= 0.916, TLI= 0.904, RMSEA= 0.052). For the total score of CERQ, the Cronbach's α coefficient and Ω coefficient were both 0.90, and the split-half reliability was 0.74. For the nine subscales, the α coefficients ranged from 0.66 to 0.88, and the Ω coefficients ranged from 0.69 to 0.88. Significant positive correlations were found between the maladaptive dimension of CERQ and other scales (all p < 0.001). The maladaptive emotion regulation strategies indirectly affected the effect of perceived stress on late-life depression (effect size was 21.57%). Conclusion With good reliability and factor validity, the CERQ showed good applicability in the Chinese elderly population. The influence of perceived stress on depression in the elderly was mediated by maladaptive emotion regulation strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zixia Ding
- Medical Psychological Center, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, People’s Republic of China
- Medical Psychology Institution, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qian Song
- Medical Psychological Center, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, People’s Republic of China
- Medical Psychology Institution, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jun Chu
- Medical Psychological Center, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, People’s Republic of China
- Medical Psychology Institution, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, People’s Republic of China
| | - Tao Zou
- Department of Psychiatry, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, 550004, People’s Republic of China
| | - Kaili Zheng
- Medical Psychological Center, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, People’s Republic of China
- Medical Psychology Institution, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhaoxia Liu
- Medical Psychological Center, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, People’s Republic of China
- Medical Psychology Institution, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wanrong Peng
- Medical Psychological Center, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, People’s Republic of China
- Medical Psychology Institution, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jinyao Yi
- Medical Psychological Center, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, People’s Republic of China
- Medical Psychology Institution, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, People’s Republic of China
- National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, People’s Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Yeunjoo K, Williams AI, Liu C, Zhou Q. Dynamic associations between emotion expressions and strategy use in Chinese American and Mexican American preschoolers. Emotion 2023; 23:460-472. [PMID: 35389732 PMCID: PMC9635258 DOI: 10.1037/emo0001100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies of emotion regulation in young children commonly used between-person approaches, which limit our understanding of dynamic and temporal relations between emotion expressions and strategy use. Further, previous work has mainly focused on temperamental reactivity among White children, and it is unclear whether these findings can generalize to children of Asian and Latinx origins. In the current study, we examined the within-person temporal associations between emotion expressions and strategy use among 3- to 5-year-old children in low-income Chinese American (CA) and Mexican American (MA) families. Children's emotion expressions (positive and negative) and strategy use (gaze aversion, self-soothing, fidgeting, and language) during an unfair social interaction task were coded by 10-s epoch. Executive functions were examined as between-person level predictors of strategy use. Multilevel modeling was conducted to examine whether positive and negative emotion expressions at one epoch (t-1) predicted strategy use at the following epoch (t). The results indicate that positive emotion expressions predicted an increase in fidgeting at the next epoch (β = .34, p < .01). Executive functions were unrelated to strategy use. Cultural group differences were found: CA children displayed lower intensity of positive emotion and fewer strategy use compared with MA children. The present findings inform theories on the dynamics of emotion regulation in young children and have implications for interventions with underrepresented immigrant populations. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved).
Collapse
|
7
|
Kuhlman KR, Antici E, Tan E, Tran ML, Rodgers-Romero EL, Restrepo N. Predictors of Adolescent Resilience During the COVID-19 Pandemic in a Community Sample of Hispanic and Latinx Youth: Expressive Suppression and Social Support. Res Child Adolesc Psychopathol 2023; 51:639-651. [PMID: 36607474 PMCID: PMC9817442 DOI: 10.1007/s10802-022-01019-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has created unprecedented disruptions in the daily lives and mental health of adolescents. Less attention has been given to the psychosocial resources that may mitigate the impact of COVID-19 on adolescent mental health, particularly among minoritized populations. In the present study, 259 youth (aged 11-18) were recruited from a community center for integrated prevention and intervention services in a predominantly Latinx and Hispanic community. Youth completed questionnaires about the impact COVID-19 has had on their lives, psychosocial resources (humor, optimism, emotion regulation, social support), and psychiatric symptoms (depressive symptoms, anxiety symptoms, sleep disturbances, aggression). After accounting for age, sex, and exposure to early life adversity, higher reported COVID-19 impact was associated with more depressive symptoms, b = 6.37 (SE = 1.67), 95% CI [3.08, 9.66], p < 0.001, more anxiety symptoms, b = 9.97 (SE = 1.63), 95% CI [6.75, 13.18], p < 0.001, and more sleep disturbances, b = 1.24 (SE = 0.34), 95% CI [0.57, 1.91], p < 0.001. Youth that reported infrequent expressive suppression and the lowest scores on giving social support were at the greatest risk for aggressive behavior in the context of high COVID-19 impact, ps < 0.007. Increasing emotion regulation skills, such as expressive suppression, and opportunities to give social support may promote resilience among high risk youth in the context of this ongoing community stressor.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kate R. Kuhlman
- University of California, Irvine, USA ,Department of Psychological Science, School of Social Ecology, University of California Irvine, 4546 Social & Behavioral Sciences Gateway, Irvine, CA 92697 USA
| | - Elizabeth Antici
- University of California, Irvine, USA ,Department of Psychological Science, School of Social Ecology, University of California Irvine, 4546 Social & Behavioral Sciences Gateway, Irvine, CA 92697 USA
| | - Ece Tan
- University of California, Irvine, USA ,Department of Psychological Science, School of Social Ecology, University of California Irvine, 4546 Social & Behavioral Sciences Gateway, Irvine, CA 92697 USA
| | - Mai-Lan Tran
- University of California, Irvine, USA ,Department of Psychological Science, School of Social Ecology, University of California Irvine, 4546 Social & Behavioral Sciences Gateway, Irvine, CA 92697 USA
| | - Emma L. Rodgers-Romero
- University of California, Irvine, USA ,Department of Psychological Science, School of Social Ecology, University of California Irvine, 4546 Social & Behavioral Sciences Gateway, Irvine, CA 92697 USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Wang S, Chu Y, Dai H. Role of emotion regulation capacities in affective state among Chinese high school students in the post-pandemic era of COVID-19. Front Psychol 2022; 13:1015433. [PMID: 36571006 PMCID: PMC9773563 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.1015433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Psychological wellbeing and emotion regulation skills of vulnerable adolescents have been severely threatened by the long-term impact of the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. The aim of this study was to seek out the potentially effective emotion regulation strategies to minimize the mental health risk of adolescents during the COVID-19 post-pandemic era. Methods A total of 436 high school students aged 16.07 ± 1.08 years were included in this cross-sectional study to complete questionnaires to self-report socio-demographic information, positive and negative affect state, and emotional regulation abilities. Student's t-test and one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) were used for intergroup comparisons among socio-demographic variables. Pearson's correlation analysis was used for evaluating the association between each emotion regulation strategy and positivity or negativity. Multiple stepwise linear regression analysis was used for the determination of the predictors for adolescents' positivity and negativity. Results Adolescents' affect was influenced by multiple emotion regulation strategies, including cognitive reappraisal, acceptance and engagement, difficulty in awareness, acceptance, and modification of emotions after adjusting for a range of socio-demographic variables. Conclusion Overall, our findings highlight the importance of emotional regulation strategies in the modulation of the mental health of the vulnerable youth population in China during the COVID-19 crisis. In view of the continuous, multifaceted influence on adolescents' mental health of the ongoing pandemic, more effort should be made to leverage emotion regulation strategies to benefit their coping abilities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Suyan Wang
- Centre for Mental Health Guidance, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China
| | - Yuying Chu
- School of Nursing, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning, China
| | - Hongliang Dai
- School of Nursing, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning, China,*Correspondence: Hongliang Dai
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Karnilowicz HR, Mauss I, Zhou Q. Links Between Emotion Regulation Strategies and Internalizing and Externalizing Problems in Chinese American Adolescents. JOURNAL OF RESEARCH ON ADOLESCENCE : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR RESEARCH ON ADOLESCENCE 2022; 32:1626-1634. [PMID: 35083814 DOI: 10.1111/jora.12723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Revised: 10/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Adolescents from immigrant families are at risk for psychological health issues due to acculturative stress and the marked increases in internalizing and externalizing problems accompanying adolescence. Emotion Regulation (ER) may be an important protective resource for these adolescents. The present study tested the links between ER and internalizing and externalizing problems in 131 first- and second-generation Chinese American adolescents. Adolescents' reappraisal was associated with less internalizing and externalizing problems; adolescents' suppression was associated with more internalizing and externalizing problems. These links were somewhat more pronounced in adolescents high in American cultural orientation as well as in adolescents low in Chinese cultural orientation. Our results advance our understanding of the links between ER and psychological health in Chinese American youth.
Collapse
|
10
|
Ding KR, Wang SB, Xu WQ, Lin LH, Liao DD, Chen HB, Tan WY, Huang JH, Hou CL, Jia FJ. Low mental health literacy and its association with depression, anxiety and poor sleep quality in Chinese elderly. Asia Pac Psychiatry 2022; 14:e12520. [PMID: 36210054 DOI: 10.1111/appy.12520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Revised: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mental health literacy (MHL) is rarely reported in the Chinese elderly. This study explored the pattern of MHL in the Chinese elderly in relation to depression, anxiety and poor sleep quality. METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted among older adults in Guangzhou, south China. Participants were investigated face-to-face using the Chinese National Mental Health Literacy Scale, the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 item (PHQ-9), the 7-item Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD-7) and the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). Mental Health Literacy Scale contains three dimensions: mental health knowledge, mental health skills (such as social support, cognitive reappraisal and attentional distraction) and mental health awareness. Multivariate logistic regression was used for examining the association between MHL and mental health. RESULTS A total of 506 older adults were recruited. The percentage of depression, anxiety, and poor sleep quality were 16.6%, 7.9% and 40.9%, respectively. MHL dimensions independently associated with depression included cognitive reappraisal (OR = 1.95, p < .001), attentional distraction (OR = 0.61, p = 0.044) and awareness (OR = 0.56, p = 0.027). MHL dimensions independently associated with anxiety symptoms included cognitive reappraisal (OR = 1.90, p = 0.011) and attentional distraction (OR = 0.44, p = 0.016). MHL dimensions independently associated with poor sleep quality included social support (OR = 0.75, p = 0.022), cognitive reappraisal (OR = 1.55, p = 0.003) and attentional distraction (OR = 0.65, p = 0.016). CONCLUSION Given the low MHL and its association with poor mental health in the Chinese elderly, policymakers and health professionals should improve the older adults' MHL, which could be conducive to the prevention and control of their mental health problems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kai-Rong Ding
- Department of Psychology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Mental Health Center, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shi-Bin Wang
- Guangdong Mental Health Center, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wen-Qi Xu
- Guangdong Mental Health Center, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Li-Hua Lin
- Guangdong Mental Health Center, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dan-Dan Liao
- Guangdong Mental Health Center, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China.,The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hong-Bei Chen
- Guangdong Mental Health Center, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wen-Yan Tan
- Guangdong Mental Health Center, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jia-Hao Huang
- Yuexiu District Center for Disease Control, Guangzhou, China
| | - Cai-Lan Hou
- Guangdong Mental Health Center, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fu-Jun Jia
- Department of Psychology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Mental Health Center, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Tang H, Lyu J, Xu M. Direct and Indirect Effects of Strength-Based Parenting on Depression in Chinese High School Students: Mediation by Cognitive Reappraisal and Expression Suppression. Psychol Res Behav Manag 2022; 15:3367-3378. [PMID: 36452030 PMCID: PMC9701780 DOI: 10.2147/prbm.s390790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE A growing amount of research has been dedicated to the protective role of strength-based parenting in psychological distress. Strength-based parenting is a style of parenting in which parents are conscious of their children's strengths, and encourage them to develop and make use of those strengths. However, the mechanisms linking strength-based parenting to depression are not well known. Drawing on the social-emotional learning model, this study examined the association between strength-based parenting and depression and the indirect role of emotion regulation (ie, cognitive reappraisal and expression suppression). MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 750 Chinese middle school students from two middle schools completed questionnaires comprising the Strength-based Parenting Scale, the Emotion Regulation Scale, the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depressive Scale, and sociodemographic characteristics. A total of 695 students provided accurate responses to the two validity check questions, and were thus retained in the final study sample. Of the final sample, 348 (50.1%) were girls, and the respondents overall had an average age of 16.22 years. The direct and indirect paths from strength-based parenting to depression were analyzed using structural equation modeling. RESULTS The results showed that strength-based parenting negatively predicted depression and cognitive reappraisal, while strength-based parenting positively predicted depression. Strength-based parenting indirectly predicted depression through cognitive reappraisal and expression suppression. CONCLUSION These findings suggest an underlying process by which high strength-based parenting resists depression by increasing cognitive reappraisal and decreasing expression suppression. It is necessary to implement a comprehensive intervention strategy that focuses on strength-based parenting and emotion regulation (eg, cognitive reappraisal).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hui Tang
- School of Education, Zhaoqing University, Zhaoqqing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Junxue Lyu
- School of Education, Zhaoqing University, Zhaoqqing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Meiyan Xu
- Division of Biology, Dawang High School, Zhaoqqing, People’s Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Validity and reliability of emotion regulation questionnaire (ERQ) in Chinese rural-to-urban migrant adolescents and young adults. CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s12144-020-00754-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
|
13
|
Young GR, Karnilowicz HR, Mauss IB, Hastings PD, Guyer AE, Robins RW. Prospective associations between emotion regulation and depressive symptoms among Mexican-origin adolescents. Emotion 2022; 22:129-141. [PMID: 35007117 PMCID: PMC9644291 DOI: 10.1037/emo0001060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Reappraisal (reconstruing emotional experiences to alter their impact) and suppression (inhibiting emotionally expressive behavior) are emotion-regulation strategies with important implications for depression. While reappraisal generally predicts lower depressive symptoms, suppression generally predicts higher depressive symptoms. Because cultural factors can influence the processes involved in these links and because adolescence-especially for ethnic minority youth-brings particular emotional challenges, it's critical to investigate these links among Mexican-origin adolescents. However, research examining emotion regulation among Mexican-origin individuals is scarce and generally limited to cross-sectional designs. Thus, we examined prospective associations between reappraisal and suppression (assessed at age 17) and 2 facets of depressive symptoms (anhedonia and general distress) over 3 years (assessed at ages 16, 18, and 19) among 228 Mexican-origin adolescents. Latent growth curve models indicated that reappraisal was associated with lower anhedonia at baseline (age 16) and lower anhedonia over time, whereas suppression predicted greater anhedonia at baseline but not change over time. Consistent with the Mexican cultural value of simpatía, which emphasizes expressing positive emotions and inhibiting negative emotions, suppression of positive emotions was associated with greater anhedonia over time whereas suppression of negative emotions was associated with lower anhedonia over time. However, neither associated with anhedonia at baseline. Reappraisal and suppression were not associated with distress symptoms, and no effects were moderated by familism, household income, gender, or child nativity. The anhedonia results suggest that the benefits of reappraisal extend to Mexican-origin adolescents, but the effects of suppression may depend upon emotional valence in this group. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved).
Collapse
|
14
|
Weiss NH, Thomas ED, Schick MR, Reyes ME, Contractor AA. Racial and ethnic differences in emotion regulation: A systematic review. J Clin Psychol 2021; 78:785-808. [PMID: 34841522 PMCID: PMC9035029 DOI: 10.1002/jclp.23284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Revised: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Emotion regulation is a transdiagnostic mechanism with relevance to the etiology, maintenance, and treatment of a wide range of clinically relevant outcomes. This study applied systematic review methods to summarize the existing literature examining racial and ethnic differences in emotion regulation. METHODS We systematically searched four electronic databases (PsycINFO, Embase, MEDLINE, and CINAHL Plus) using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. RESULTS Of the initial 1253 articles, 25 met the inclusion criteria. Findings for emotion regulation strategies generally provide evidence for racial/ethnic differences (71% of reviewed studies), with ethnoracial minorities largely exhibiting greater use of emotion regulation strategies. Whereas the results for emotion regulation potential were slightly more mixed (63% of reviewed studies found racial/ethnic differences), ethnoracial minorities were also largely found to report lower emotion regulation potential. CONCLUSION This review advances the literature by providing additional support for racial and ethnic differences in emotion regulation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nicole H Weiss
- Department of Psychology, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Emmanuel D Thomas
- Department of Psychology, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Melissa R Schick
- Department of Psychology, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Miranda E Reyes
- Department of Psychology, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, Rhode Island, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Le TP, Hsu T, Raposa EB. Effects of Natural Mentoring Relationships on College Students' Mental Health: The Role of Emotion Regulation. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF COMMUNITY PSYCHOLOGY 2021; 68:167-176. [PMID: 33823061 DOI: 10.1002/ajcp.12504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The transition to college involves a number of novel stressors for young adults and represents a period of heightened risk for the onset or worsening of diverse mental health problems. The presence of natural mentors may be one factor which alleviates risk for mental health problems in college first-year students. Using a diverse sample of 275 first-year college students, the present study examined the effects of different types of natural mentors within students' support networks on internalizing symptoms during the first semester of college. In addition, analyses explored whether different student approaches to emotion regulation were one mechanism by which natural mentors influence internalizing symptoms. Path analyses indicated that students with a greater number of close family member/family friend mentors reported less emotion suppression, which in turn accounted for the associations between these mentoring relationships and reduced depressive symptoms and worry at follow-up. In contrast, less emotionally close mentors, such as teachers or coworkers, did not significantly shape emotion regulation strategies or internalizing symptom outcomes. Results have implications for the design of more targeted interventions that promote emotional well-being in college first-year students.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas P Le
- Department of Psychology, The University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Ti Hsu
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Postpartum Stress and Neural Regulation of Emotion among First-Time Mothers. COGNITIVE AFFECTIVE & BEHAVIORAL NEUROSCIENCE 2021; 21:1066-1082. [PMID: 34128217 DOI: 10.3758/s13415-021-00914-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Early parenting relies on emotion regulation capabilities, as mothers are responsible for regulating both their own emotional state and that of their infant during a time of new parenting-related neural plasticity and potentially increased stress. Previous research highlights the importance of frontal cortical regions in facilitating effective emotion regulation, but few studies have investigated the neural regulation of emotion among postpartum women. The current study employed a functional neuroimaging (fMRI) approach to explore the association between perceived stress, depressive symptoms, and the neural regulation of emotion in first-time mothers. Among 59 postpartum mothers, higher perceived stress during the postpartum period was associated with less self-reported use of cognitive reappraisal in everyday life, and greater use of emotion suppression. While viewing standardized aversive images during the Emotion Regulation Task (ERT), mothers were instructed to experience their natural emotional state (Maintain) or to decrease the intensity of their negative emotion by using cognitive reappraisal (Reappraise). Whole-brain analysis revealed a two-way interaction of perceived stress x condition in the right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) at p < .05 cluster-wise corrected, controlling for postpartum months and scanner type. Higher levels of perceived stress were associated with heightened right DLPFC activity while engaging in cognitive reappraisal versus naturally responding to negative stimuli. Higher right DLPFC activity during Reappraise versus Maintain was further associated with elevated parenting stress. Findings suggest that stress and everyday reappraisal use is reflected in mothers' neural regulation of emotion and may have important implications for their adaptation to parenthood.
Collapse
|
17
|
delValle MV, Andrés ML, Urquijo S, Zamora EV, Mehta A, Gross JJ. Argentinean Adaptation and Psychometric Properties of the Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (ERQ). Psychol Rep 2021; 125:2733-2759. [PMID: 34056981 DOI: 10.1177/00332941211021343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (ERQ) is a self-report measure designed to assess the two most widely studied strategies of Gross' model: cognitive reappraisal and expressive suppression. Even though there are two Spanish adaptations of the ERQ, region-specific linguistic factors and dialects must also be considered when adapting a test for another country in order to ensure equivalent evaluations across cultures. The present work developed an Argentinean adaptation of the ERQ. Additionally, the study evaluated its psychometric properties and associations with theoretically related constructs. Study 1 consist of the translation the ERQ into Argentinean Spanish and the analysis of its internal structure and reliability in a sample of 2957 participants. The results supported a two-factor structure with good data fit, adequate factor loadings, and good test-retest reliability and internal consistency. Expected age and gender differences in the use of reappraisal and suppression were also observed. Study 2 analyzed the external validity (concurrent and convergent) of the ERQ adaptation in a sample of 2160 participants. Theory-consistent associations were found with emotion regulation mechanisms, anxiety, depression, and personality traits. In summary, the findings support the validity of a new ERQ adaptation and its use in Argentina.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Eliana V Zamora
- Instituto de Psicología Básica, Aplicada y Tecnología (IPSIBAT), UNMDP, CONICET, Mar del Plata, Argentina.,Department of Psychology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Ashish Mehta
- Department of Psychology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - James J Gross
- Department of Psychology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Kodish T, Weiss B, Duong J, Rodriguez A, Anderson G, Nguyen H, Olaya C, Lau AS. Interpersonal Psychotherapy-Adolescent Skills Training With Youth From Asian American and Immigrant Families: Cultural Considerations and Intervention Process. COGNITIVE AND BEHAVIORAL PRACTICE 2021; 28:147-166. [PMID: 35422577 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpra.2020.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Although research has identified effective evidence-based depression prevention interventions for diverse youth, little is known about how the intervention process unfolds with immigrant family youth. This study utilized a qualitative approach to explore cultural and clinical differences in the implementation of Interpersonal Psychotherapy-Adolescent Skills Training (IPT-AST) in two schools, one serving youth from primarily immigrant, Asian American families and the second, youth from mostly nonimmigrant, non-Hispanic White families. A total of 131 IPT-AST sessions were audio recorded, transcribed, and coded for presence and patterns of cultural and clinical constructs. Results revealed that sessions with immigrant family youth were more likely to contain discussions of interpersonal problems characterized by estrangement, goals of spending time together with important others, mentions of emotion suppression and academic achievement expectations, conversations about acculturation, differences in value orientation, and discomfort with implementing new intervention skills. Dialogue from interventionist and youth exchanges is presented to illustrate how these themes emerged and were addressed by interventionists in a culturally responsive manner. The study highlights how IPT-AST with immigrant family and Asian American youth may unfold differently compared to youth from nonimmigrant families. Implications of findings for providers are discussed.
Collapse
|
19
|
Chen M, Cheung RYM. Testing Interdependent Self-Construal as a Moderator between Mindfulness, Emotion Regulation, and Psychological Health among Emerging Adults. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:E444. [PMID: 33429953 PMCID: PMC7827106 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18020444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2020] [Revised: 12/30/2020] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
This study examines the moderating role of interdependent self-construal between mindfulness, emotion regulation, and psychological health, with emotion regulation as a mediator. A total of 187 Chinese emerging adults completed self-reported measures, including mindfulness, cognitive reappraisal, expressive suppression, depressive symptoms, life satisfaction, and interdependent self-construal. Our findings indicate moderation effects of interdependent self-construal between (i) mindfulness and cognitive reappraisal, (ii) cognitive reappraisal and life satisfaction, (iii) expressive suppression and life satisfaction, and (iv) expressive suppression and depressive symptoms. Based on bootstrapping and path analyses, cognitive reappraisal mediated the relation between mindfulness and psychological health, including depressive symptoms and life satisfaction, regardless of the level of interdependent self-construal. In addition, mindfulness was not related to expressive suppression, regardless of the level of interdependent self-construal. Based on these findings, researchers and practitioners should pay attention to the differential associations between mindfulness, emotion regulation strategies, and psychological outcomes as a function of interdependent self-construal during emerging adulthood.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ming Chen
- Department of Mathematics and Information Technology, The Education University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China;
| | - Rebecca Y. M. Cheung
- Department of Early Childhood Education, Centre for Child and Family Science, and Centre for Psychosocial Health, The Education University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Rudy D, Ispa JM, Fine MA, James AG. Ethnic variations in mothers’ and children’s positive and negative emotional expressions toward each other. SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/sode.12495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Duane Rudy
- Department of Human Development and Family Science University of Missouri Columbia MO USA
| | - Jean M. Ispa
- Department of Human Development and Family Science University of Missouri Columbia MO USA
| | - Mark A. Fine
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies University of North Carolina at Greensboro Greensboro NC USA
| | - Anthony G. James
- Department of Family Studies & Social Work Miami University Hamilton Oxford OH USA
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Zhang Y, Bian Y. Emotion Regulation Questionnaire for Cross-Gender Measurement Invariance in Chinese University Students. Front Psychol 2020; 11:569438. [PMID: 33250813 PMCID: PMC7673430 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.569438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Emotion regulation has been extensively studied in various areas of psychology. The Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (ERQ) was developed to assess two specific constructs associated with emotion control-cognitive reappraisal and expression suppression (Gross and John, 2003). The instrument displayed sound psychometric properties; however, to date, inquiry regarding the measure's characteristics has been limited. This study aims to measure cross-gender invariance [measurement invariance (MI)] in Chinese undergraduates using the ERQ. METHODS This study measured the psychometric properties of the ERQ in a sample of 847 Mainland China undergraduates (401 males and 446 females) through confirmatory factor analysis. The tests of MI were used to examine potential structural differences based on gender. RESULTS The findings supported the measure's original structure with all demographic groups and demonstrated exceptional fit. Additional normative data for gender and ethnic groups are included as well. The results also supported the use of the instrument in future research. CONCLUSION The two-factor structure in the ERQ establishes a cross-gender equivalence between males and females in Chinese college students. This study supports the use of the instrument in future research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ying Zhang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Assessment toward Basic Education Quality, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
- Institute of Mental Health and Education, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
- Child and Family Education Research Center, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Yufang Bian
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Assessment toward Basic Education Quality, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
- Institute of Mental Health and Education, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
- Child and Family Education Research Center, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Emotion Regulation and Immune Functioning During Grief: Testing the Role of Expressive Suppression and Cognitive Reappraisal in Inflammation Among Recently Bereaved Spouses. Psychosom Med 2020; 82:2-9. [PMID: 31634318 DOI: 10.1097/psy.0000000000000755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Losing a spouse is a distressing life event that can negatively affect both mental and physical health. Stress-induced health consequences often include increased risk of cardiovascular disease and altered immune system functioning marked by increased inflammation. Here, we sought to identify individual difference factors that covary with problematic inflammatory outcomes. METHOD We measured recently bereaved spouses' (n = 99) propensity to use emotion regulation strategies and peripheral inflammation, as measured by levels of proinflammatory cytokines after ex vivo stimulation of peripheral leukocytes with T-cell agonists. Specifically, we measured participants' use of cognitive reappraisal, an adaptive emotion regulation strategy in many contexts, and expressive suppression, a less adaptive emotion regulation strategy that involves actively inhibiting emotions after already experiencing them. RESULTS Bereaved spouses who self-reported frequently using expressive suppression as an emotion regulation strategy tended to have a more pronounced inflammatory response, as indexed by higher levels of a composite cytokine index consisting of interleukin (IL) 17A, IL-2, IL-6, tumor necrosis factor α, and interferon-γ (b = 0.042), as well as tumor necrosis factor α (b = 0.083) and interferon-γ (b = 0.098) when analyzed individually. Notably, these associations were observed in both unadjusted and adjusted models, with the latter including known covariates of inflammation and other potential confounding variables. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that bereaved spouses' use of emotion regulation strategies is associated with altered immune functioning, and such a link may be an important biological pathway by which interventions targeting affect may improve immune system-related health outcomes.
Collapse
|
23
|
Why do I contribute to organizational learning when I am ostracized? A moderated mediation analysis. JOURNAL OF MANAGEMENT & ORGANIZATION 2019. [DOI: 10.1017/jmo.2019.70] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
AbstractDrawing on social exchange and emotional regulation perspectives, this study investigates the role of emotional suppression in reducing the detrimental effects of workplace ostracism on organizational learning. Based on the responses of 162 participants from the financial industry, and with the application of moderated mediation analysis, the findings demonstrate that workplace ostracism is mediated by employee silence, which has a negative effect on organizational learning. Interestingly, however, the results exhibit that emotional suppression operates as a buffer between workplace ostracism, employee silence and organizational learning, which leads to the achievement of organizational learning motives. Therefore, the silent employees, who experience workplace ostracism, may still be contributing toward organizational learning, if they are proficient in suppressing their emotions. Given that, the study implies that emotional suppression is fundamentally important to reduce the injurious outcomes of workplace ostracism, in the contemporary organizational settings, particularly with regard to organizational learning.
Collapse
|
24
|
Preece DA, Becerra R, Robinson K, Gross JJ. The Emotion Regulation Questionnaire: Psychometric Properties in General Community Samples. J Pers Assess 2019; 102:348-356. [PMID: 30714818 DOI: 10.1080/00223891.2018.1564319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
The Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (ERQ) is a 10-item self-report measure of 2 emotion regulation strategies, cognitive reappraisal and expressive suppression. It is a widely used measure of emotion regulation, but its factor structure has rarely been examined outside of university student samples, and some authors have recently questioned its factorial validity in general community samples. In this study, we examine the psychometric properties of the ERQ (original English version) in 3 Australian general community samples (N = 300, 400, 348). Confirmatory factor analyses in each sample demonstrated that the traditional 2-factor model (comprised of cognitive reappraisal and expressive suppression factors) was replicable and an excellent fit to the data. In all samples, ERQ cognitive reappraisal (α = .89-.90) and expressive suppression (α = .76-.80) scores had acceptable to excellent levels of internal consistency reliability. As expected, cognitive reappraisal scores were significantly negatively correlated with psychological distress and alexithymia, whereas expressive suppression scores were significantly positively correlated with psychological distress and alexithymia. We conclude that, similar to previous findings in student samples, the ERQ has strong psychometric properties in general community samples and can therefore be used confidently regardless of participants' student status.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David A Preece
- Psychology Department, School of Arts and Humanities, Edith Cowan University, Perth, Australia
| | - Rodrigo Becerra
- School of Psychology, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - Ken Robinson
- Psychology Department, School of Arts and Humanities, Edith Cowan University, Perth, Australia
| | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
Fung J, Kim JJ, Jin J, Chen G, Bear L, Lau AS. A Randomized Trial Evaluating School-Based Mindfulness Intervention for Ethnic Minority Youth: Exploring Mediators and Moderators of Intervention Effects. JOURNAL OF ABNORMAL CHILD PSYCHOLOGY 2018; 47:1-19. [DOI: 10.1007/s10802-018-0425-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
|
26
|
Kitayama S, Salvador CE. Culture Embrained: Going Beyond the Nature-Nurture Dichotomy. PERSPECTIVES ON PSYCHOLOGICAL SCIENCE 2017; 12:841-854. [PMID: 28972851 PMCID: PMC5841951 DOI: 10.1177/1745691617707317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Over the past three decades, the cultural psychology literature has established that there is systematic cultural variation in the nature of agency in the domains of cognition, emotion, and motivation. This literature adopted both self-report and performance-based (or behavioral) indicators of these processes, which set the stage for a more recent systematic exploration of cultural influences at the neural and biological level. Moreover, previous work has largely focused on East-West differences, thereby calling for a systematic exploration of other ethnic groups. To address these issues, this article reviews recent work in cultural neuroscience, while paying close attention to Latino Americans-the single most rapidly growing minority group in the United States. We focus on research that has employed neural measures and show that culture has systematic influences on the brain. We also point out that, unlike more traditional self-report or performance-based measures, neural indicators of culture are reliably linked to theoretically relevant individual difference variables such as self-construal and acculturation. Cultural neuroscience offers the framework to go beyond the dichotomy between nature and nurture and to explore how they may dynamically interact.
Collapse
|
27
|
Juang LP, Moffitt U, Kim SY, Lee RM, Soto JA, Hurley E, Weisskirch RS, Blozis SA, Castillo LG, Huynh QL, Whitbourne SK. Cognitive reappraisal and expressive suppression: Links to racial-ethnic discrimination and adjustment among Latino/a and Asian-heritage college students. J Adolesc 2016; 53:21-33. [PMID: 27598799 PMCID: PMC7891868 DOI: 10.1016/j.adolescence.2016.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2016] [Revised: 08/16/2016] [Accepted: 08/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We examined whether two key emotion regulation strategies, cognitive reappraisal and expressive suppression, moderated the relations between discrimination (i.e., foreigner objectification and general denigration) and adjustment. METHODS Participants were U.S. Latino/a and Asian-heritage college students (N = 1,279, 67% female, 72% U.S. born) from the Multi-Site University Study of Identity and Culture (MUSIC). Students completed online self-report surveys in 2009. RESULTS Multi-group path analysis demonstrated that a fully constrained model fit well for both Latino/a and Asian-heritage student data. The results showed that with increasing levels of denigration (but not foreigner objectification), the combination of lower cognitive reappraisal and higher expressive suppression was related to greater depressive symptoms, anxiety, and aggression. CONCLUSIONS Our findings highlight the importance of examining multiple emotion regulation strategies simultaneously-considering what strategies are available to individuals and in what combination they are used-to understand how best to deal with negative emotions resulting from experiencing discrimination.
Collapse
|
28
|
Peng YP. Buffering the Negative Effects of Surface Acting: The Moderating Role of Supervisor Support in Librarianship. JOURNAL OF ACADEMIC LIBRARIANSHIP 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.acalib.2014.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
|