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Wang X, Wiens M, Divekar M, Grebenjuk VA, Schröder HC, Batel R, Müller WEG. Isolation and characterization of a Mn(II)-oxidizing Bacillus strain from the demosponge Suberites domuncula. Mar Drugs 2010; 9:1-28. [PMID: 21339943 PMCID: PMC3039467 DOI: 10.3390/md9010001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2010] [Revised: 12/17/2010] [Accepted: 12/22/2010] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study we demonstrate that the demosponge Suberites domuncula harbors a Mn(II)-oxidizing bacterium, a Bacillus strain, termed BAC-SubDo-03. Our studies showed that Mn(II) stimulates bacterial growth and induces sporulation. Moreover, we show that these bacteria immobilize manganese on their cell surface. Comparison of the 16S rDNA sequence allowed the grouping of BAC-SubDo-03 to the Mn-precipitating bacteria. Analysis of the spore cell wall revealed that it contains an Mn(II)-oxidizing enzyme. Co-incubation studies of BAC-SubDo-03 with 100 μM MnCl2 and >1 μM of CuCl2 showed an increase in their Mn(II)-oxidizing capacity. In order to prove that a multicopper oxidase-like enzyme(s) (MCO) exists in the cell wall of the S. domuncula-associated BAC-SubDo-03 Bacillus strain, the gene encoding this enzyme was cloned (mnxG-SubDo-03). Sequence alignment of the deduced MCO protein (MnxG-SubDo-03) revealed that the sponge bacterium clusters together with known Mn(II)-oxidizing bacteria. The expression of the mnxG-SubDo-03 gene is under strong control of extracellular Mn(II). Based on these findings, we assume that BAC-SubDo-03 might serve as a Mn reserve in the sponge providing the animal with the capacity to detoxify Mn in the environment. Applying the in vitro primmorph cell culture system we could demonstrate that sponge cells, that were co-incubated with BAC-SubDo-03 in the presence of Mn(II), show an increased proliferation potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohong Wang
- National Research Center for Geoanalysis, 26 Baiwanzhuang Dajie, CHN-100037 Beijing, China
- Institute for Physiological Chemistry, Dept. for Applied Molecular Biology, Johannes Gutenberg-University Medical Center, Duesbergweg 6, D-55099 Mainz, Germany; E-Mails: (M.W.); (M.D.); (V.A.G.); (H.C.S.)
- Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mails: (X.W.); (W.E.G.M.); Tel.: +49-6131-39-25910; Fax: +49-6131-39-25243
| | - Matthias Wiens
- Institute for Physiological Chemistry, Dept. for Applied Molecular Biology, Johannes Gutenberg-University Medical Center, Duesbergweg 6, D-55099 Mainz, Germany; E-Mails: (M.W.); (M.D.); (V.A.G.); (H.C.S.)
| | - Mugdha Divekar
- Institute for Physiological Chemistry, Dept. for Applied Molecular Biology, Johannes Gutenberg-University Medical Center, Duesbergweg 6, D-55099 Mainz, Germany; E-Mails: (M.W.); (M.D.); (V.A.G.); (H.C.S.)
| | - Vladislav A. Grebenjuk
- Institute for Physiological Chemistry, Dept. for Applied Molecular Biology, Johannes Gutenberg-University Medical Center, Duesbergweg 6, D-55099 Mainz, Germany; E-Mails: (M.W.); (M.D.); (V.A.G.); (H.C.S.)
| | - Heinz C. Schröder
- Institute for Physiological Chemistry, Dept. for Applied Molecular Biology, Johannes Gutenberg-University Medical Center, Duesbergweg 6, D-55099 Mainz, Germany; E-Mails: (M.W.); (M.D.); (V.A.G.); (H.C.S.)
| | - Renato Batel
- Center for Marine Research, “Ruder Boskovic” Institute, HR-52210 Rovinj, Croatia; E-Mail: (R.B.)
| | - Werner E. G. Müller
- Institute for Physiological Chemistry, Dept. for Applied Molecular Biology, Johannes Gutenberg-University Medical Center, Duesbergweg 6, D-55099 Mainz, Germany; E-Mails: (M.W.); (M.D.); (V.A.G.); (H.C.S.)
- Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mails: (X.W.); (W.E.G.M.); Tel.: +49-6131-39-25910; Fax: +49-6131-39-25243
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Prokic I, Brümmer F, Brigge T, Görtz HD, Gerdts G, Schütt C, Elbrächter M, Müller WE. Bacteria of the Genus Roseobacter Associated with the Toxic Dinoflagellate Prorocentrum lima. Protist 2009. [PMID: 23194717 DOI: 10.1016/s1434-4610(98)70041-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The dinoflagellate Prorocentrum lima is known to produce diarrhetic shellfish poisons. However, it is yet unclear if the dinoflagellates themselves or the bacteria associated with them produce the toxins. Here we analyze the toxicity as well as the spectrum of bacteria in two cultures of P. lima, namely P. lima-SY and P. lima-ST, which initially derived from the same P. lima strain PL2V. Toxicity tests, applying the Artemia bioassay revealed in both cultures high levels of toxins. The bacteria, associated with the two cultures, were identified by PCR/nucleotide sequence analysis of the 16S rRNA gene. From cultures of P. lima-SY the dominant sequence was found to share a 93.7% similarity with the sequence of Roseobacter algocolus [R. algicola]; the relative abundance was determined to be 83%. In addition three further sequences of bacteria, grouped to the α-Protobacteria have been identified: Paracoccus denitrificans [90.8%], R. algocolus [94.4%] and Rhizobium huakuii [92.6%]. The identification of bacteria in P. lima-ST revealed that most share highest similarity with Bartonella taylorii but with a relatively low score of 87%. In addition to this sequence, two sequences with high similarity to the genus Roseobacter were obtained. The other sequences identified have not been detected in P. lima-SY. Studies with pure bacterial strains, previously isolated from a culture of P. lima-ST and subsequently cultured on agar plates, revealed that none of them was identical to those identified in the dinoflagellate culture itself. An explanation for the change of the spectrum of bacteria in the different cultures can only be expected when axenic cultures from P. lima are available.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Prokic
- lnstitut für Physiologische Chemie, Abteilung Angewandte Molekularbiologie, Universität, Duesbergweg 6, D - 55099 Mainz, Germany
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Henderson CJ, Wolf CR. Evidence that the androgen receptor mediates sexual differentiation of mouse renal cytochrome P450 expression. Biochem J 1991; 278 ( Pt 2):499-503. [PMID: 1898342 PMCID: PMC1151373 DOI: 10.1042/bj2780499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
We have previously shown that sexual dimorphism in the expression of mouse renal cytochrome P450s is mediated by androgens, probably at a transcriptional level [Henderson, Scott, Yang & Wolf (1990), Biochem. J. 266, 675-681]. In the present study we show that this effect is already observed for most isoenzymes at only 2-3 weeks of age, as is the ability to induce or suppress expression with exogenous testosterone. The testosterone responsiveness did, however, exhibit age- as well as dose-dependency. Intriguingly, the effects of androgen took up to 8 days to become maximized, and the dose of testosterone needed to convert the female into the male phenotype was much higher than the circulating levels normally found in males. Studies using testicular feminized (Tfm) male mice, which carry an androgen receptor defect, showed them to have the female kidney cytochrome P450 phenotype, and these animals were not responsive to testosterone treatment. These data demonstrate the involvement of the androgen receptor in the regulation process. Taken together, our results indicate that the androgen receptor does not interact directly with the P450 genes, but initiates a cascade of events leading to the changes in cytochrome P450 gene expression. Significant differences were observed in the degree of sexual dimorphism in kidney P450 expression in other mammalian species. The significance of these findings in relation to the observed sexual dimorphism in other species is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- C J Henderson
- Imperial Cancer Research Fund, Molecular Pharmacology Group, Edinburgh, U.K
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Adams DH. The problem of cytoplasmic DNA: its extrusion/uptake by cultured cells and its possible role in cell-cell information transfer. THE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOCHEMISTRY 1985; 17:1133-41. [PMID: 4076515 DOI: 10.1016/0020-711x(85)90001-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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Bachmann M, Messer R, Trautmann F, Müller WE. 12 S small nuclear ribonucleoprotein-associated acidic-and pyrimidine-specific endoribonuclease from calf thymus and L5178y cells. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1984; 783:89-99. [PMID: 6206895 DOI: 10.1016/0167-4781(84)90082-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
12 S ribonucleoprotein (RNP) particles were separated from a 45 S RNP complex (Bachmann, M., Zahn, R. K. and Müller, W. E. G. (1983) J. Biol. Chem. 258, 7033-7040) isolated from calf thymus and L5178y cells. The particles were determined to be associated with an acidic endoribonuclease (pI 4.1; pH optimum 6.2). the enzyme requires Mg2+ and is sensitively inhibited by higher NaCl concentrations. The nuclease specifically degrades poly(U) and poly(C) in an endonucleolytic manner; the end-products are 3'-UMP (85%) and 2',3'-cyclic UMP (12%). Poly(A) strongly inhibits the pI 4.1 endoribonuclease activity. The Michaelis constant (for poly(U)) was determined as 82 microM and the maximal reaction velocity was 0.54 mumol/microgram per h. The endoribonuclease is distinguished from the known pyrimidine-specific ribonucleases (pancreatic ribonuclease and endoribonuclease VII) by further criteria, e.g., resistance to thiol reagents, inhibition by EDTA, Mg2+ requirement, pI and pH optimum. Using the techniques of counterimmunoelectrophoresis and immunoaffinity column chromatography it was shown that the pI 4.1 endoribonuclease-associated 12 S RNP particles display antigenicity to anti-Sm and anti-(U1)-RNP antibodies. An RNA component, isolated from the 12 S-45 S hypercomplex, was identified as U1-snRNA.
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Schröder HC, Schenk P, Baydoun H, Wagner KG, Müller WE. Occurrence of short-sized oligo(A) fragments during course of cell cycle and ageing. Arch Gerontol Geriatr 1983; 2:349-60. [PMID: 6670894 DOI: 10.1016/0167-4943(83)90008-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/1983] [Revised: 10/03/1983] [Accepted: 10/04/1983] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Affinity chromatography of nucleic acids precipitated by N-cetyl-N,N,N-trimethyl ammonium bromide on poly(U)-Sepharose has proved to be a suitable method for a nearly quantitative isolation of oligo(A) sequences down to a chain length of 4 nucleotide units. Analysis of short oligo(A) fragments in synchronized L5178y mouse lymphoma cells after labeling with [3H]Ado revealed that the percentage of A2-6 sequences on the total radioactivity amounted in S-phase cells to 1.6%, while the value obtained for the stationary L-cell system was 8.0%. The alterations of occurrence and chain length distribution of short oligo(A) fragments during ageing were studied in two age groups of female quails: mature (250-320 days old) and senescent animals (3-3.5 yr old). It was found that the amount of low molecular weight oligo(A) fragments gradually decreases during ageing of the animals; the amount in the mature animal group was significantly higher (6-fold) than in the old animal group. The decreased amounts of oligo(A) during S phase and ageing could in part be due to posttranslational modification of enzymes involved in poly(A) metabolism. It could be demonstrated that both homogeneous poly(A) anabolic poly(A) polymerase and homogeneous poly(A) catabolic endoribonuclease IV are phosphorylated by nuclear protein kinase NI.
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Bachmann M, Trautmann F, Messer R, Zahn RK, Meyer zum Büschenfelde KH, Müller WE. Association of a polyuridylate-specific endoribonuclease with small nuclear ribonucleo-proteins which had been isolated by affinity chromatography using antibodies from a patient with systemic lupus erythematosus. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF BIOCHEMISTRY 1983; 136:447-51. [PMID: 6227485 DOI: 10.1111/j.1432-1033.1983.tb07762.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Immunoglobulins, containing antibodies against U1-snRNP, have been prepared from a patient with systemic lupus erythematosus. After coupling these antibodies to a Sepharose matrix, U-snRNPs have been isolated and purified from rat liver nuclei by use of immunoaffinity chromatography. The resulting RNPs had the typical protein pattern of U-sn RNPs and a sedimentation coefficient of 12 S. The U-snRNP preparation was associated with an endoribonuclease which required Mg2+ for optimal activity. The enzyme, with an pH optimum of 6.2, degraded only poly(U). Other single-stranded polyribo- and polydeoxyribonucleotides, tRNA, as well as double-stranded RNA and DNA were not digested. The products of a terminal digestion are (U)6-12 with 3'-OH and 5'-P termini. The possible involvement of this endoribonuclease in the splicing of hnRNA is discussed.
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Bachmann M, Zahn RK, Müller WE. Purification and properties of a novel pyrimidine-specific endoribonuclease termed endoribonuclease VII from calf thymus that is modulated by polyadenylate. J Biol Chem 1983. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(18)32328-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
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Müller WE, Schröder HC, Arendes J, Steffen R, Zahn RK, Dose K. Alterations of activities of ribonucleases and polyadenylate polymerase in synchronized mouse L cells. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF BIOCHEMISTRY 1977; 76:531-40. [PMID: 891526 DOI: 10.1111/j.1432-1033.1977.tb11623.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The activities of the three known catabolic and the one anabolic polyadenylate enzymes have been determined in synchronized L5178y cells: endoribonuclease, exoribonuclease, 5'-nucleotidase and poly(A) polymerase (Mg2+-dependent). These four enzymes were found primarily in the nuclear fraction. The activity of poly(A) polymerase remains essentially constant during the transition from G1 to S phase. However, the poly(A) catabolic enzyme activities increase parallel with DNA synthesis; the endoribonuclease activity increases 4-fold during G1 to S phase, the exoribonuclease and the nucleotidase activities increasing 30-fold and 16-fold. During the S phase the poly(A)-degrading enzymes are far more active than the poly(A)-synthesizing activity of poly(A) polymerase. We conclude that in L5178y cells the poly(A)-degrading enzymes probably function in regulation of the post-transcriptional net-polyadenylation of heterogeneous nuclear RNA during the phase of DNA synthesis.
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Williamson R, Young BD, McShane T. The number of globin gene sequences in "cytoplasmic" DNA fragments. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1976; 68:29-34. [PMID: 1108878 DOI: 10.1016/0006-291x(76)90005-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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Abstract
Bleomycin (BLM) inhibits cell proliferation of noninfected chick embryo fibroblasts by blocking their DNA synthesis selectively. Chick embryo fibroblasts have beentransformed by Schmidt-Ruppin D strain of Rous Sarcoma Virus. Transformation has been determined by a focus assay. Foci formation is strongly reduced by BLM. Virus replication is inhibited by BLM in growing and confluent monolayer cells. This result might be explained by the observation that this drug reduces proliferation of growing and of confluent monolayer cells very sensitively. During the first 24 hours after infection the BLM inhibitory effect is more pronounced than in the case of BLM-application during the period 24--48 hours after infection. This result is explained by published results, showing that cell division is required only for the intitiation of transcription of virus RNA but not for its maintenance. BLM has only little effect on virus growth in transformed cells, because in these cells initiation of transcription of virus RNA has already taken place before the drug was added. From the data obtained it is concluded, that BLM inhibits growth of Rous Sarcoma Virus by blocking cell proliferation.
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Müller WE, Totsuka A, Kroll M, Nusser I, Zahn RK. Poly(A) polymerase in quail oviduct. Changes during estrogen induction. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1975; 383:147-59. [PMID: 1168081 DOI: 10.1016/0005-2787(75)90256-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
A nuclear poly(A) polymerase has been isolated from oviducts of immature quails. It could be purified 4300-fold. The enzyme depends specifically on ATP as substrate and requires Mg2+. The most effective primer for the enzyme is a polynucleotide, isolated from oviduct tissue. A poly(A) sequence to a maximum of 60 AMP residues is covalently linked per primer molecule. The poly(A)-rich product of the enzymatic reaction can be annealed to oligo(dT)-cellulose. The purest fraction does not contain any detectable poly(A)-degrading enzyme activity. Only very low activities of RNA polymerase are present. The poly(A polymerase activity in the assay with ATP is reduced by the ATP analogue, beta, lambda-ATP-methylene-diphosphonate. Both K-m and V are lowered. The ATP analogue is incorporated to a smaller extent into the poly(A) sequence, synthesized by the enzyme. Several other analogues of adenine, adenine nucleosides and adenine nucleotides are without effect on the enzymatic reaction. By these properties poly(A) polymerase can be distinguished from RNA polymerases form I and form II, isolated from the same tissue. Actinomycin D and alpha-amanitin failed to inhibit poly(A) polymerase activity. The activity of poly(A) polymerase has been determined during primary stimulation with the estrogen analogue diethylstilbestrol (daily injection for 5 days), after withdrawal of the hormone for 17 days and after secondary stimulation with the hormone analogue. The enzyme activity does not change during primary stimulation, withdrawal of the hormone or secondary stimulation. However the activity of a poly(A) degrading enzyme, localized in the nucleus, is reduced in oviducts from hormone-treated quails.
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Müller WE, Totsuka A, Nusser I, Obermeier J, Rhode HJ, Zahn RK. Poly(adenosine diphosphate-ribose) polymerase in quail oviduct. Changes during estrogen and progesterone induction. Nucleic Acids Res 1974; 1:1317-27. [PMID: 10793692 PMCID: PMC344353 DOI: 10.1093/nar/1.10.1317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
THE ACTIVITIES OF THE FOLLOWING ENZYMES HAVE BEEN DETERMINED IN NUCLEI OF QUAIL OVIDUCTS IN RESPONSE TO EXOGENOUS STIMULATION OF THE BIRDS WITH DIETHYLSTILBESTROL, USED AS AN ESTROGEN ANALOGUE AND PROGESTERONE: DNA dependent DNA polymerase, DNA dependent RNA polymerase I and II and poly(adenosine diphosphate-ribose) [=poly(ADP-Rib)] polymerase.During primary stimulation with the estrogen analogue the activities of the four DNA dependent polymerases increase to about the same degree. Upon withdrawal of the hormones the levels of the enzymes drop to values known from nuclei from unstimulated quail oviducts. The secondary stimulation with the estrogen analogue causes a significant increase only of the RNA polymerase II. The in vivo induction of avidin by progesterone in oviduct mucosa cells from quails, during the period of primary estrogen stimulation, is accompanied by an increase of RNA polymerase II activity and a marked decrease of poly(ADP-Rib) polymerase activity. The activities of RNA polymerase I and of poly(ADP-Rib) polymerase are not affected significantly by an exogenous administration of progesterone.
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Clark-Walker GD, Miklos GL. Localization and quantification of circular DNA in yeast. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF BIOCHEMISTRY 1974; 41:359-65. [PMID: 4593580 DOI: 10.1111/j.1432-1033.1974.tb03278.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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Meinke W, Hall MR, Goldstein DA, Kohne DE, Lerner RA. Physical properties of cytoplasmic membrane-associated DNA. J Mol Biol 1973; 78:43-56. [PMID: 4731023 DOI: 10.1016/0022-2836(73)90427-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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Williamson R, McShane T, Grunstein M, Flavell RA. "Cytoplasmic" DNA from primary embryonic cell cultures is not informational. FEBS Lett 1972; 20:108-110. [PMID: 11946394 DOI: 10.1016/0014-5793(72)80029-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- R Williamson
- The Beatson Institute for Cancer Research 132 Hill Street, C.3, Glasgow, Scotland
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Lerner RA, Meinke W, Goldstein DA. Membrane-associated DNA in the cytoplasm of diploid human lymphocytes. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1971; 68:1212-6. [PMID: 5288368 PMCID: PMC389156 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.68.6.1212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
A species of DNA that is apparently associated with the plasma membrane of diploid human lymphocytes that are continously growing is described. This DNA differes from nuclear or mitochondrial DNA by virtue of its location in the cell, time of synthesis in the cell cycle, and various physical properties. At present, the role of this DNA is unknown.
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Church RL, Consigli RA. DNA fragmentation in a clonal line of rat pituitary tumor (GH1 strain). Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1971; 42:31-6. [PMID: 5102015 DOI: 10.1016/0006-291x(71)90357-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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