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Wei F, Xie T, Su C, He B, Shu Z, Zhang Y, Xiao Z, Hao J. Stability and Assembly Mechanisms of Butterfly Communities across Environmental Gradients of a Subtropical Mountain. INSECTS 2024; 15:230. [PMID: 38667360 PMCID: PMC11050375 DOI: 10.3390/insects15040230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Revised: 03/21/2024] [Accepted: 03/24/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
Mountain ecosystems harbor evolutionarily unique and exceptionally rich biodiversity, particularly in insects. In this study, we characterized the diversity, community stability, and assembly mechanisms of butterflies on a subtropical mountain in the Chebaling National Nature Reserve, Guangdong Province, China, using grid-based monitoring across the entire region for two years. The results showed that species richness, abundance, and Faith's phylogenetic diversity decreased with increasing elevation; taxonomic diversity played a considerable role in mediating the effects of environmental changes on stability. Moreover, our results showed that stochastic processes are dominant in governing the assembly of butterfly communities across all elevational gradients, with habitats at an elevation of 416-580 m subjected to the strongest stochastic processes, whereas heterogeneous selection processes displayed stronger effects on the assembly of butterfly communities at 744-908 m, 580-744 m, and 908-1072 m, with abiotic factors inferred as the main driving forces. In addition, significant differences were detected between the barcode tree and the placement tree for the calculated β-NTI values at 416-580 m. Overall, this study provides new insights into the effects of environmental change on the stability and assembly of butterflies in Chebaling, which will be beneficial for biodiversity conservation and policy development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fanyu Wei
- College of Life Sciences, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241000, China; (F.W.); (T.X.); (C.S.); (B.H.)
| | - Tingting Xie
- College of Life Sciences, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241000, China; (F.W.); (T.X.); (C.S.); (B.H.)
- Key Laboratory of Zoological and Systematics and Evolution, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100045, China
| | - Chengyong Su
- College of Life Sciences, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241000, China; (F.W.); (T.X.); (C.S.); (B.H.)
| | - Bo He
- College of Life Sciences, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241000, China; (F.W.); (T.X.); (C.S.); (B.H.)
| | - Zufei Shu
- Guangdong Chebaling National Nature Reserve Administration Bureau, Shaoguan 512500, China; (Z.S.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Yingming Zhang
- Guangdong Chebaling National Nature Reserve Administration Bureau, Shaoguan 512500, China; (Z.S.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Zhishu Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents in Agriculture, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100045, China
| | - Jiasheng Hao
- College of Life Sciences, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241000, China; (F.W.); (T.X.); (C.S.); (B.H.)
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2
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Zheng W, Zhang E, Langdon PG, Wang R. Systematic loss in biotic heterogeneity but not biodiversity across multiple trophic levels in Erhai lake, China. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 906:167479. [PMID: 37778549 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.167479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Revised: 09/24/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
Anthropogenic disturbances and climate change have significantly altered the biotic composition across many ecosystems, leading to changes in biodiversity and even ecological collapse. An ecosystem comprises multiple trophic levels, and the issue how these disturbances affect their assembly processes remains unclear. Ecological stability of assemblages was maintained by their structure, and thus, revealing structure changes across trophic levels could improve our understanding of how ecosystems response to disturbances as a whole. In this study, we combined methods from palaeolimnology, ecology and network analysis, and observed the changes of biodiversity and network structure of two trophic levels (algae - diatoms and zoobenthos - chironomids) in Erhai lake, Southwest China over the last century. Results showed nutrient enrichment induced shifts in diatom and chironomid assemblages at ∼2001 CE, suggesting that the shift in Erhai lake may have occurred at multiple trophic levels. We found biodiversity exhibit different trends across trophic levels as it decreased in diatoms but increased in chironomids. However, network skewness declined in both trophic levels, indicating the common loss of biotic heterogeneity. The consistent decline of skewness among trophic levels long before the compositional shift is a potential parameter to warn of the shifts in lake ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenxiu Zheng
- College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Hubei Normal University, Huangshi 435002, China.
| | - Enlou Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China.
| | - Peter Guy Langdon
- School of Geography and Environmental Science, University of Southampton, Southampton, Hampshire, UK.
| | - Rong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China; The Fuxianhu Station of Plateau Deep Lake Field Scientific Observation and Research, Yuxi 653100, China.
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3
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Ficetola GF, Taberlet P. Towards exhaustive community ecology via DNA metabarcoding. Mol Ecol 2023; 32:6320-6329. [PMID: 36762839 DOI: 10.1111/mec.16881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2022] [Revised: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Abstract
Exhaustive biodiversity data, covering all the taxa in an environment, would be fundamental to understand how global changes influence organisms living at different trophic levels, and to evaluate impacts on interspecific interactions. Molecular approaches such as DNA metabarcoding are boosting our ability to perform biodiversity inventories. Nevertheless, even though a few studies have recently attempted exhaustive reconstructions of communities, holistic assessments remain rare. The majority of metabarcoding studies published in the last years used just one or two markers and analysed a limited number of taxonomic groups. Here, we provide an overview of emerging approaches that can allow all-taxa biological inventories. Exhaustive biodiversity assessments can be attempted by combining a large number of specific primers, by exploiting the power of universal primers, or by combining specific and universal primers to obtain good information on key taxa while limiting the overlooked biodiversity. Multiplexes of primers, shotgun sequencing and capture enrichment may provide a better coverage of biodiversity compared to standard metabarcoding, but still require major methodological advances. Here, we identify the strengths and limitations of different approaches, and suggest new development lines that might improve broad scale biodiversity analyses in the near future. More holistic reconstructions of ecological communities can greatly increase the value of metabarcoding studies, improving understanding of the consequences of ongoing environmental changes on the multiple components of biodiversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gentile Francesco Ficetola
- Department of Environmental Science and Policy, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
- University Grenoble Alpes, University Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS, LECA, Laboratoire d'Écologie Alpine, Grenoble, France
| | - Pierre Taberlet
- University Grenoble Alpes, University Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS, LECA, Laboratoire d'Écologie Alpine, Grenoble, France
- UiT - The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø Museum, Tromsø, Norway
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4
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Davis CL, Guralnick RP, Zipkin EF. Challenges and opportunities for using natural history collections to estimate insect population trends. J Anim Ecol 2023; 92:237-249. [PMID: 35716080 DOI: 10.1111/1365-2656.13763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Natural history collections (NHC) provide a wealth of information that can be used to understand the impacts of global change on biodiversity. As such, there is growing interest in using NHC data to estimate changes in species' distributions and abundance trends over historic time horizons when contemporary survey data are limited or unavailable. However, museum specimens were not collected with the purpose of estimating population trends and thus can exhibit spatiotemporal and collector-specific biases that can impose severe limitations to using NHC data for evaluating population trajectories. Here we review the challenges associated with using museum records to track long-term insect population trends, including spatiotemporal biases in sampling effort and sparse temporal coverage within and across years. We highlight recent methodological advancements that aim to overcome these challenges and discuss emerging research opportunities. Specifically, we examine the potential of integrating museum records and other contemporary data sources (e.g. collected via structured, designed surveys and opportunistic citizen science programs) in a unified analytical framework that accounts for the sampling biases associated with each data source. The emerging field of integrated modelling provides a promising framework for leveraging the wealth of collections data to accurately estimate long-term trends of insect populations and identify cases where that is not possible using existing data sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Courtney L Davis
- Department of Integrative Biology; Ecology, Evolution, and Behavior Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA.,Cornell Lab of Ornithology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | - Robert P Guralnick
- Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA.,Biodiversity Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Elise F Zipkin
- Department of Integrative Biology; Ecology, Evolution, and Behavior Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
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5
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Jayasilan Mohd-Azlan, Attiqqah Fadziliah Sapian, Andrew Alek Tuen, Puan CL. Foraging strata and dietary preferences of fifteen species of babblers in Sarawak, Malaysia. JOURNAL OF THREATENED TAXA 2022. [DOI: 10.11609/jott.7650.14.9.21818-21825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Babblers are the primary insectivorous birds of the tropical forests in southeastern Asia which have shown to be affected by forest disturbance. Their high diversity, microhabitat specificity and specialised feeding guilds provide a good opportunity for ecological research pertaining to niche segregation. We examined the diet and foraging strata of 15 sympatric babbler species mist-netted in nine forests in Sarawak, eastern Malaysia. Based on 222 birds captured from December 2014 to March 2016, a segregation in foraging strata was found, with half of the species captured frequenting low strata, while only three were found at mid strata and four at high strata. Both species richness and abundance were found to decrease when the foraging height increased. From a total of 136 prey items retrieved from regurgitated and faecal samples of 13 babbler species, we found that Coleoptera (41.5%), Hymenoptera (36.2%), and Araneae (12.3%) formed the major diet of the birds. Diet overlaps among the babblers were relatively low. Our study demonstrated the possible presence of spatial and trophic niche segregation among babblers, and justified their ecological role as indicators of tropical forest ecosystem health, especially in the case of specialists, that deserve further conservation attention.
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6
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Anso J, Gasc A, Bourguet E, Desutter‐Grandcolas L, Jourdan H. Crickets as indicators of ecological succession in tropical systems, New Caledonia. Biotropica 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/btp.13151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy Anso
- CNRS, IRD, IMBE, BPA5 Aix Marseille Univ, Avignon Univ Nouméa Cedex New Caledonia
- CNRS, UMPC, EPHE, UA, Institut de Systématique, Evolution Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Sorbonne Universités Paris Cedex 05 France
| | - Amandine Gasc
- CNRS, IRD, IMBE, BPA5 Aix Marseille Univ, Avignon Univ Nouméa Cedex New Caledonia
| | - Edouard Bourguet
- CNRS, IRD, IMBE, BPA5 Aix Marseille Univ, Avignon Univ Nouméa Cedex New Caledonia
| | - Laure Desutter‐Grandcolas
- CNRS, UMPC, EPHE, UA, Institut de Systématique, Evolution Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Sorbonne Universités Paris Cedex 05 France
| | - Hervé Jourdan
- CNRS, IRD, IMBE, BPA5 Aix Marseille Univ, Avignon Univ Nouméa Cedex New Caledonia
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7
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Lewinsohn TM, Agostini K, Lucci Freitas AV, Melo AS. Insect decline in Brazil: an appraisal of current evidence. Biol Lett 2022; 18:20220219. [PMID: 36000221 PMCID: PMC9399695 DOI: 10.1098/rsbl.2022.0219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent reviews of data on worldwide insect decline include almost no information on Brazil. We gathered evidence from literature searches and a survey sent to researchers, to which 96 replied and 56 provided information and publications. We present 75 instances of trends recorded over an average span of 11 years for aquatic and 22 years for terrestrial insects. These include time-replicated samples and expert opinion based on long-term local collections. Most terrestrial data are for butterflies, bees and scarab beetles. Aquatic studies include several insect orders, usually sorted to genus or family. Terrestrial insects showed significantly more cases of declines than increases, both in abundance (17 : 3) and in diversity (11 : 1). In aquatic cases, no tendency was detected in abundance (2 : 2) or diversity (3 : 4), not counting cases with no trend. Differences in these results among habitats may be due to the shorter span and less change in environmental conditions in the aquatic surveys, which included sites already degraded before sampling. We offer guidelines for future long-term assessments, including resampling of legacy collection sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas M. Lewinsohn
- Departamento de Biologia Animal, Instituto de Biologia, University of Campinas, 13083970 Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Kayna Agostini
- Departamento de Ciência da Natureza, Matemática e Educação, Centro de Ciências Agrárias, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, Rodovia Anhanguera km 174, caixa postal 153, Araras, São Paulo 13600-970, Brazil
| | - André Victor Lucci Freitas
- Departamento de Biologia Animal, Instituto de Biologia, University of Campinas, 13083970 Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Adriano S. Melo
- Departamento de Ecologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Bento Gonçalves 9500, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul 91501-970, Brazil
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8
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Hoenle PO, Donoso DA, Argoti A, Staab M, von Beeren C, Blüthgen N. Rapid ant community reassembly in a Neotropical forest: Recovery dynamics and land-use legacy. ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS : A PUBLICATION OF THE ECOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA 2022; 32:e2559. [PMID: 35112764 DOI: 10.1002/eap.2559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Revised: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Regrowing secondary forests dominate tropical regions today, and a mechanistic understanding of their recovery dynamics provides important insights for conservation. In particular, land-use legacy effects on the fauna have rarely been investigated. One of the most ecologically dominant and functionally important animal groups in tropical forests are the ants. Here, we investigated the recovery of ant communities in a forest-agricultural habitat mosaic in the Ecuadorian Chocó region. We used a replicated chronosequence of previously used cacao plantations and pastures with 1-34 years of regeneration time to study the recovery dynamics of species communities and functional diversity across the two land-use legacies. We compared two independent components of responses on these community properties: resistance, which is measured as the proportion of an initial property that remains following the disturbance; and resilience, which is the rate of recovery relative to its loss. We found that compositional and trait structure similarity to old-growth forest communities increased with regeneration age, whereas ant species richness remained always at a high level along the chronosequence. Land-use legacies influenced species composition, with former cacao plantations showing higher resemblance to old-growth forests than former pastures along the chronosequence. While resistance was low for species composition and high for species richness and traits, all community properties had similarly high resilience. In essence, our results show that ant communities of the Chocó recovery rapidly, with former cacao reaching predicted old-growth forest community levels after 21 years and pastures after 29 years. Recovery in this community was faster than reported from other ecosystems and was likely facilitated by the low-intensity farming in agricultural sites and their proximity to old-growth forest remnants. Our study indicates the great recovery potential for this otherwise highly threatened biodiversity hotspot.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philipp O Hoenle
- Ecological Networks, Department of Biology, Technical University of Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - David A Donoso
- Departamento de Biología, Escuela Politécnica Nacional, Quito, Ecuador
- Centro de Investigación de la Biodiversidad y Cambio Climático, Universidad Tecnológica Indoamérica, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Adriana Argoti
- Escuela de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Michael Staab
- Ecological Networks, Department of Biology, Technical University of Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Christoph von Beeren
- Ecological Networks, Department of Biology, Technical University of Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Nico Blüthgen
- Ecological Networks, Department of Biology, Technical University of Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany
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9
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Gong S, Hodgson JA, Tscharntke T, Liu Y, van der Werf W, Batáry P, Knops JMH, Zou Y. Biodiversity and yield trade-offs for organic farming. Ecol Lett 2022; 25:1699-1710. [PMID: 35545523 DOI: 10.1111/ele.14017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Revised: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Organic farming supports higher biodiversity than conventional farming, but at the cost of lower yields. We conducted a meta-analysis quantifying the trade-off between biodiversity and yield, comparing conventional and organic farming. We developed a compatibility index to assess whether biodiversity gains from organic farming exceed yield losses, and a substitution index to assess whether organic farming would increase biodiversity in an area if maintaining total production under organic farming would require cultivating more land at the expense of nature. Overall, organic farming had 23% gain in biodiversity with a similar cost of yield decline. Biodiversity gain is negatively correlated to yield loss for microbes and plants, but no correlation was found for other taxa. The biodiversity and yield trade-off varies under different contexts of organic farming. The overall compatibility index value was close to zero, with negative values for cereal crops, positive for non-cereal crops, and varies across taxa. Our results indicate that, on average, the proportion of biodiversity gain is similar to the proportion of yield loss for paired field studies. For some taxa in non-cereal crops, switching to organic farming can lead to a biodiversity gain without yield loss. We calculated the overall value of substitution index and further discussed the application of this index to evaluate when the biodiversity of less intensified farming system is advantageous.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanxing Gong
- Department of Health and Environmental Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong-Liverpool University, Suzhou, China
| | - Jenny A Hodgson
- Department of Evolution, Ecology and Behaviour, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | | | - Yunhui Liu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Biodiversity and Organic Farming, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Wopke van der Werf
- Centre for Crop Systems Analysis, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Péter Batáry
- "Lendület" Landscape and Conservation Ecology, Institute of Ecology and Botany, Centre for Ecological Research, Vácrátót, Hungary
| | - Johannes M H Knops
- Department of Health and Environmental Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong-Liverpool University, Suzhou, China
| | - Yi Zou
- Department of Health and Environmental Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong-Liverpool University, Suzhou, China
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10
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Hua F, Bruijnzeel LA, Meli P, Martin PA, Zhang J, Nakagawa S, Miao X, Wang W, McEvoy C, Peña-Arancibia JL, Brancalion PHS, Smith P, Edwards DP, Balmford A. The biodiversity and ecosystem service contributions and trade-offs of forest restoration approaches. Science 2022; 376:839-844. [PMID: 35298279 DOI: 10.1126/science.abl4649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Forest restoration is being scaled-up globally to deliver critical ecosystem services and biodiversity benefits, yet we lack rigorous comparison of co-benefit delivery across different restoration approaches. In a global synthesis, we use 25,950 matched data pairs from 264 studies in 53 countries to assess how delivery of climate, soil, water, and wood production services as well as biodiversity compares across a range of tree plantations and native forests. Carbon storage, water provisioning, and especially soil erosion control and biodiversity benefits are all delivered better by native forests, with compositionally simpler, younger plantations in drier regions performing particularly poorly. However, plantations exhibit an advantage in wood production. These results underscore important trade-offs among environmental and production goals that policymakers must navigate in meeting forest restoration commitments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangyuan Hua
- Institute of Ecology, and Key Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes of the Ministry of Education, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, P. R. China.,Conservation Science Group, Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 3EJ, U.K
| | - L Adrian Bruijnzeel
- Department of Geography, King's College London, Bush House, London WC2B 4BG, U.K.,Institute of International Rivers and Eco-Security, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091, Yunnan, P. R. China
| | - Paula Meli
- Department of Forest Sciences, Luiz de Queiroz College of Agriculture, University of São Paulo, Piracicaba, SP, 13.418-900, Brazil.,Departmento de Ciencias Forestales, Universidad de La Frontera, Av. Francisco Salazar 01145, Temuco, Chile
| | - Phillip A Martin
- Conservation Science Group, Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 3EJ, U.K
| | - Jun Zhang
- Institute of International Rivers and Eco-Security, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091, Yunnan, P. R. China.,Environmental Modelling, Sensing & Analysis, TNO, 1755 LE Petten, Netherlands
| | - Shinichi Nakagawa
- Evolution & Ecology Research Centre and School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Xinran Miao
- Institute of Ecology, and Key Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes of the Ministry of Education, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, P. R. China
| | - Weiyi Wang
- Institute of Ecology, and Key Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes of the Ministry of Education, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, P. R. China
| | - Christopher McEvoy
- Conservation Science Group, Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 3EJ, U.K
| | | | - Pedro H S Brancalion
- Department of Forest Sciences, Luiz de Queiroz College of Agriculture, University of São Paulo, Piracicaba, SP, 13.418-900, Brazil
| | - Pete Smith
- Institute of Biological & Environmental Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, AB24 3UU, U.K
| | - David P Edwards
- Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, School of Biosciences, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S10 2TN, U.K
| | - Andrew Balmford
- Conservation Science Group, Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 3EJ, U.K
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11
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Sarmiento-Garavito LP, García-Monroy JS, Carvajal-Cogollo JE. Taxonomic and functional diversity of birds in a rural landscape of high Andean forest, Colombia. NEOTROPICAL BIOLOGY AND CONSERVATION 2022. [DOI: 10.3897/neotropical.17.e66096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
We evaluated the taxonomic and functional diversity of birds in a rural landscape in the north-eastern Andes of Colombia. We carried out seven field trips and used transects of 300 m, separated from each other by 500 m in the dominant plant cover of the rural landscape. We measured alpha (α) and beta (β) diversity at both the taxonomic and functional levels. We registered 10 orders, 21 families, 56 genera and 63 species of birds. In wooded pasture, we recorded 55 species and a relative abundance of 66% and 44 and 34% for an Andean forest fragment. The species that contributed the most to the dissimilarity between the covers were Zonotrichia capensis, Turdus fuscater, Mecocerculus leucophrys, Atlapetes latinuchus and Crotophaga ani. We identified nine functional types, where G1 was made up of small species with anissodactyl and pamprodactyl legs that were insectivorous, frugivorous and nectarivorous as the best represented. The FEve and FDiv were 0.51 and 0.74, respectively in the Andean forest fragment plant cover and, for the wooded pasture, the FEve was 0.45 and the FDiv was 0.81. Both cover types contributed to the diversity of the rural landscape and the dynamics that existed between them formed a complementary factor that favoured the taxonomic and functional richness of the characterised rural landscape.
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12
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Gillerot L, Grussu G, Condor-Golec R, Tavani R, Dargush P, Attorre F. Progress on incorporating biodiversity monitoring in REDD+ through national forest inventories. Glob Ecol Conserv 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gecco.2021.e01901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
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13
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Souza JLP, Fernandes IO, Agosti D, Johnson NF, Baccaro FB. Assessing the efficacy of higher‐taxon approach for ant species surveys to improve biodiversity inventories. Anim Conserv 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/acv.12758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Luiz Pereira Souza
- Instituto Nacional da Mata Atlântica (INMA) Santa Teresa Espírito Santo Brazil
- Programa de Pós‐Graduação em Zoologia Universidade Federal do Amazonas (UFAM) Manaus Amazonas Brazil
| | | | | | - Norman F. Johnson
- Department of Evolution Ecology & Organismal Biology Director Ohio State University (OSU) Columbus Ohio USA
| | - Fabrício Beggiato Baccaro
- Programa de Pós‐Graduação em Zoologia Universidade Federal do Amazonas (UFAM) Manaus Amazonas Brazil
- Departamento de Biologia Universidade Federal do Amazonas (UFAM) Manaus Amazonas Brazil
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14
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Statistical Techniques for Environmental Sciences: A Review. MATHEMATICAL AND COMPUTATIONAL APPLICATIONS 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/mca26040074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
This paper reviews the interdisciplinary collaboration between Environmental Sciences and Statistics. The usage of statistical methods as a problem-solving tool for handling environmental problems is the key element of this approach. This paper enhances a clear pavement for environmental scientists as well as quantitative researchers for their further collaborative learning with an analytical base.
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15
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Davison CW, Rahbek C, Morueta-Holme N. Land-use change and biodiversity: Challenges for assembling evidence on the greatest threat to nature. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2021; 27:5414-5429. [PMID: 34392585 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.15846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Revised: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Land-use change is considered the greatest threat to nature, having caused worldwide declines in the abundance, diversity, and health of species and ecosystems. Despite increasing research on this global change driver, there are still challenges to forming an effective synthesis. The estimated impact of land-use change on biodiversity can depend on location, research methods, and taxonomic focus, with recent global meta-analyses reaching disparate conclusions. Here, we critically appraise this research body and our ability to reach a reliable consensus. We employ named entity recognition to analyze more than 4000 abstracts, alongside full reading of 100 randomly selected papers. We highlight the broad range of study designs and methodologies used; the most common being local space-for-time comparisons that classify land use in situ. Species metrics including abundance, distribution, and diversity were measured more frequently than complex responses such as demography, vital rates, and behavior. We identified taxonomic biases, with vertebrates well represented while detritivores were largely missing. Omitting this group may hinder our understanding of how land-use change affects ecosystem feedback. Research was heavily biased toward temperate forested biomes in North America and Europe, with warmer regions being acutely underrepresented despite offering potential insights into the future effects of land-use change under novel climates. Various land-use histories were covered, although more research in understudied regions including Africa and the Middle East is required to capture regional differences in the form of current and historical land-use practices. Failure to address these challenges will impede our global understanding of land-use change impacts on biodiversity, limit the reliability of future projections and have repercussions for the conservation of threatened species. Beyond identifying literature biases, we highlight the research priorities and data gaps that need urgent attention and offer perspectives on how to move forward.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles W Davison
- Center for Macroecology, Evolution and Climate, GLOBE Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Carsten Rahbek
- Center for Macroecology, Evolution and Climate, GLOBE Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Center for Global Mountain Biodiversity, GLOBE Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Institute of Ecology, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, Ascot, UK
- Danish Institute for Advanced Study, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Naia Morueta-Holme
- Center for Macroecology, Evolution and Climate, GLOBE Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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16
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Bogoni JA, Peres CA, Ferraz KM. Medium‐ to large‐bodied mammal surveys across the Neotropics are heavily biased against the most faunally intact assemblages. Mamm Rev 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/mam.12274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Juliano A. Bogoni
- Universidade de São Paulo (USP) Escola Superior de Agricultura “Luiz de Queiroz” (ESALQ) Departamento de Ciências Florestais Laboratório de Ecologia Manejo e Conservação de Fauna Silvestre (LEMaC) Piracicaba SP13418‐900Brazil
- School of Environmental Sciences University of East Anglia NorwichNR4 7TJUK
| | - Carlos A. Peres
- School of Environmental Sciences University of East Anglia NorwichNR4 7TJUK
| | - Katia M.P.M.B. Ferraz
- Universidade de São Paulo (USP) Escola Superior de Agricultura “Luiz de Queiroz” (ESALQ) Departamento de Ciências Florestais Laboratório de Ecologia Manejo e Conservação de Fauna Silvestre (LEMaC) Piracicaba SP13418‐900Brazil
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17
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De Palma A, Hoskins A, Gonzalez RE, Börger L, Newbold T, Sanchez-Ortiz K, Ferrier S, Purvis A. Annual changes in the Biodiversity Intactness Index in tropical and subtropical forest biomes, 2001-2012. Sci Rep 2021; 11:20249. [PMID: 34642362 PMCID: PMC8511124 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-98811-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2019] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Few biodiversity indicators are available that reflect the state of broad-sense biodiversity—rather than of particular taxa—at fine spatial and temporal resolution. One such indicator, the Biodiversity Intactness Index (BII), estimates how the average abundance of the native terrestrial species in a region compares with their abundances in the absence of pronounced human impacts. We produced annual maps of modelled BII at 30-arc-second resolution (roughly 1 km at the equator) across tropical and subtropical forested biomes, by combining annual data on land use, human population density and road networks, and statistical models of how these variables affect overall abundance and compositional similarity of plants, fungi, invertebrates and vertebrates. Across tropical and subtropical biomes, BII fell by an average of 1.9 percentage points between 2001 and 2012, with 81 countries seeing an average reduction and 43 an average increase; the extent of primary forest fell by 3.9% over the same period. We did not find strong relationships between changes in BII and countries’ rates of economic growth over the same period; however, limitations in mapping BII in plantation forests may hinder our ability to identify these relationships. This is the first time temporal change in BII has been estimated across such a large region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana De Palma
- Department of Life Sciences, Natural History Museum, London, SW7 5BD, UK.
| | - Andrew Hoskins
- CSIRO Land and Water, Canberra, ACT, Australia.,CSIRO Health and Biosecurity, Townsville, Qld, Australia
| | - Ricardo E Gonzalez
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, Ascot, SL5 7PY, UK
| | - Luca Börger
- Department of Biosciences, University of Swansea, Swansea, SA2 8PP, UK
| | - Tim Newbold
- Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, Centre for Biodiversity and Environment Research, University College London, Gower Street, London, WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Katia Sanchez-Ortiz
- Department of Life Sciences, Natural History Museum, London, SW7 5BD, UK.,Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, Ascot, SL5 7PY, UK
| | | | - Andy Purvis
- Department of Life Sciences, Natural History Museum, London, SW7 5BD, UK.,Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, Ascot, SL5 7PY, UK
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18
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Demetrio WC, Conrado AC, Acioli ANS, Ferreira AC, Bartz MLC, James SW, da Silva E, Maia LS, Martins GC, Macedo RS, Stanton DWG, Lavelle P, Velasquez E, Zangerlé A, Barbosa R, Tapia‐Coral SC, Muniz AW, Santos A, Ferreira T, Segalla RF, Decaëns T, Nadolny HS, Peña‐Venegas CP, Maia CMBF, Pasini A, Mota AF, Taube Júnior PS, Silva TAC, Rebellato L, de Oliveira Júnior RC, Neves EG, Lima HP, Feitosa RM, Vidal Torrado P, McKey D, Clement CR, Shock MP, Teixeira WG, Motta ACV, Melo VF, Dieckow J, Garrastazu MC, Chubatsu LS, Kille P, Brown GG, Cunha L. A "Dirty" Footprint: Macroinvertebrate diversity in Amazonian Anthropic Soils. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2021; 27:4575-4591. [PMID: 34118093 PMCID: PMC9292437 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.15752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Amazonian rainforests, once thought to be pristine wilderness, are increasingly known to have been widely inhabited, modified, and managed prior to European arrival, by human populations with diverse cultural backgrounds. Amazonian Dark Earths (ADEs) are fertile soils found throughout the Amazon Basin, created by pre-Columbian societies with sedentary habits. Much is known about the chemistry of these soils, yet their zoology has been neglected. Hence, we characterized soil fertility, macroinvertebrate communities, and their activity at nine archeological sites in three Amazonian regions in ADEs and adjacent reference soils under native forest (young and old) and agricultural systems. We found 673 morphospecies and, despite similar richness in ADEs (385 spp.) and reference soils (399 spp.), we identified a tenacious pre-Columbian footprint, with 49% of morphospecies found exclusively in ADEs. Termite and total macroinvertebrate abundance were higher in reference soils, while soil fertility and macroinvertebrate activity were higher in the ADEs, and associated with larger earthworm quantities and biomass. We show that ADE habitats have a unique pool of species, but that modern land use of ADEs decreases their populations, diversity, and contributions to soil functioning. These findings support the idea that humans created and sustained high-fertility ecosystems that persist today, altering biodiversity patterns in Amazonia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wilian C. Demetrio
- Department of Soil ScienceFederal University of ParanáCuritibaPRBrazil
- Present address:
INPE – National Institute for Space ResearchSão José dos CamposSP12227‐010Brazil
| | - Ana C. Conrado
- Biochemistry DepartmentFederal University of ParanáCuritibaPRBrazil
| | | | | | - Marie L. C. Bartz
- Centre for Functional EcologyDepartment of Life SciencesUniversity of CoimbraCoimbraPortugal
| | | | | | - Lilianne S. Maia
- Department of Soil ScienceFederal University of ParanáCuritibaPRBrazil
| | | | | | - David W. G. Stanton
- Department of Bioinformatics and GeneticsSwedish Museum of Natural HistoryStockholmSweden
| | | | | | - Anne Zangerlé
- Ministère de l’Agriculture, de la Viticulture et de la Protection des consommateursLuxembourgLuxembourg
| | | | | | | | - Alessandra Santos
- Department of Soil ScienceFederal University of ParanáCuritibaPRBrazil
| | - Talita Ferreira
- Department of Soil ScienceFederal University of ParanáCuritibaPRBrazil
| | | | - Thibaud Decaëns
- CEFEUniv MontpellierCNRSEPHEIRDUniv Paul‐Valéry MontpellierMontpellierFrance
| | - Herlon S. Nadolny
- Department of Soil ScienceFederal University of ParanáCuritibaPRBrazil
| | | | | | | | - André F. Mota
- Biochemistry DepartmentFederal University of ParanáCuritibaPRBrazil
| | | | | | | | | | - Eduardo G. Neves
- Museu de Arqueologia e EtnologiaUniversidade de São PauloSão PauloSPBrazil
| | | | | | - Pablo Vidal Torrado
- Soil Science DepartmentEscola Superior de Agricultura Luís de QueirozUniversidade de São PauloPiracicabaSPBrazil
| | - Doyle McKey
- CEFEUniv MontpellierCNRSEPHEIRDUniv Paul‐Valéry MontpellierMontpellierFrance
| | | | | | | | | | - Vander F. Melo
- Department of Soil ScienceFederal University of ParanáCuritibaPRBrazil
| | - Jeferson Dieckow
- Department of Soil ScienceFederal University of ParanáCuritibaPRBrazil
| | | | - Leda S. Chubatsu
- Biochemistry DepartmentFederal University of ParanáCuritibaPRBrazil
| | | | - Peter Kille
- School of BiosciencesCardiff UniversityCardiffCFUK
| | - George G. Brown
- Department of Soil ScienceFederal University of ParanáCuritibaPRBrazil
- Embrapa FlorestasColomboPRBrazil
| | - Luís Cunha
- Centre for Functional EcologyDepartment of Life SciencesUniversity of CoimbraCoimbraPortugal
- School of Applied SciencesUniversity of South WalesPontypriddCFUK
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19
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Gotelli NJ, Booher DB, Urban MC, Ulrich W, Suarez AV, Skelly DK, Russell DJ, Rowe RJ, Rothendler M, Rios N, Rehan SM, Ni G, Moreau CS, Magurran AE, Jones FAM, Graves GR, Fiera C, Burkhardt U, Primack RB. Estimating species relative abundances from museum records. Methods Ecol Evol 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/2041-210x.13705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Douglas B. Booher
- Yale Center for Biodiversity and Global Change Yale University New Haven Connecticut USA
- Georgia Museum of Natural History Athens Georgia USA
| | - Mark C. Urban
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology Center of Biological Risk University of Connecticut Storrs Connecticut USA
| | - Werner Ulrich
- Department of Ecology and Biogeography Faculty of Biological and Veterinary Sciences Nicolaus Copernicus University Torun Poland
| | - Andrew V. Suarez
- Department of Evolution, Ecology and Behavior Department of Entomology University of Illinois Urbana Illinois USA
| | - David K. Skelly
- Yale Peabody Museum of Natural History School of Forestry & Environmental Studies Yale University New Haven Connecticut USA
| | | | - Rebecca J. Rowe
- Department of Natural Resources and the Environment University of New Hampshire Durham New Hampshire USA
| | | | - Nelson Rios
- Yale Peabody Museum of Natural History School of Forestry & Environmental Studies Yale University New Haven Connecticut USA
| | - Sandra M. Rehan
- Department of Biology York University Toronto Ontario Canada
| | - George Ni
- Department of Biology University of Vermont Burlington Vermont USA
| | - Corrie S. Moreau
- Department of Entomology Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology Cornell University Ithaca New York USA
| | - Anne E. Magurran
- Centre for Biological Diversity and Scottish Oceans Institute School of Biology University of St Andrews St Andrews UK
| | - Faith A. M. Jones
- Centre for Biological Diversity and Scottish Oceans Institute School of Biology University of St Andrews St Andrews UK
- Department of Forest and Conservation Faculty of Forestry University of British Columbia Vancouver British Columbia Canada
| | - Gary R. Graves
- Department of Vertebrate Zoology National Museum of Natural HistorySmithsonian Institution Washington District of Columbia USA
- Center for Macroecology, Evolution and Climate Globe Institute University of Copenhagen Copenhagen Ø Denmark
| | - Cristina Fiera
- Institute of Biology Bucharest Romanian Academy Bucharest Romania
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20
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Characterizing parasitic nematode faunas in faeces and soil using DNA metabarcoding. Parasit Vectors 2021; 14:422. [PMID: 34419166 PMCID: PMC8380370 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-021-04935-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 08/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Gastrointestinal parasitic nematodes can impact fecundity, development, behaviour, and survival in wild vertebrate populations. Conventional monitoring of gastrointestinal parasitic nematodes in wild populations involves morphological identification of eggs, larvae, and adults from faeces or intestinal samples. Adult worms are typically required for species-level identification, meaning intestinal material from dead animals is needed to characterize the nematode community with high taxonomic resolution. DNA metabarcoding of environmental samples is increasingly used for time- and cost-effective, high-throughput biodiversity monitoring of small-bodied organisms, including parasite communities. Here, we evaluate the potential of DNA metabarcoding of faeces and soil samples for non-invasive monitoring of gastrointestinal parasitic nematode communities in a wild ruminant population. Methods Faeces and intestines were collected from a population of wild reindeer, and soil was collected both from areas showing signs of animal congregation, as well as areas with no signs of animal activity. Gastrointestinal parasitic nematode faunas were characterized using traditional morphological methods that involve flotation and sedimentation steps to concentrate nematode biomass, as well as using DNA metabarcoding. DNA metabarcoding was conducted on bulk samples, in addition to samples having undergone sedimentation and flotation treatments. Results DNA metabarcoding and morphological approaches were largely congruent, recovering similar nematode faunas from all samples. However, metabarcoding provided higher-resolution taxonomic data than morphological identification in both faeces and soil samples. Although concentration of nematode biomass by sedimentation or flotation prior to DNA metabarcoding reduced non-target amplification and increased the diversity of sequence variants recovered from each sample, the pretreatments did not improve species detection rates in soil and faeces samples. Conclusions DNA metabarcoding of bulk faeces samples is a non-invasive, time- and cost-effective method for assessing parasitic nematode populations that provides data with comparable taxonomic resolution to morphological methods that depend on parasitological investigations of dead animals. The successful detection of parasitic gastrointestinal nematodes from soils demonstrates the utility of this approach for mapping distribution and occurrences of the free-living stages of gastrointestinal parasitic nematodes. Graphical abstract ![]()
Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13071-021-04935-8.
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21
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Miao BG, Peng YQ, Yang DR, Kubota Y, Economo EP, Liu C. Climate and land-use interactively shape butterfly diversity in tropical rainforest and savanna ecosystems of southwestern China. INSECT SCIENCE 2021; 28:1109-1120. [PMID: 32453476 DOI: 10.1111/1744-7917.12824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2020] [Revised: 05/03/2020] [Accepted: 05/17/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Human-induced habitat conversion and degradation, along with accelerating climatic change, have resulted in considerable global biodiversity loss. Nevertheless, how local ecological assemblages respond to the interplay between climate and land-use change remains poorly understood. Here, we examined the effects of climate and land-use interactions on butterfly diversity in different ecosystems of southwestern China. Specifically, we investigated variation in the alpha and beta diversities of butterflies in different landscapes along human-modified and climate gradients. We found that increasing land-use intensity not only caused a dramatic decrease in butterfly alpha diversity but also significantly simplified butterfly species composition in tropical rainforest and savanna ecosystems. These findings suggest that habitat modification by agricultural activities increases the importance of deterministic processes and leads to biotic homogenization. The land-use intensity model best explained species richness variation in the tropical rainforest, whereas the climate and land-use intensity interaction model best explained species richness variation in the savanna. These results indicate that climate modulates the effects of land-use intensity on butterfly alpha diversity in the savanna ecosystem. We also found that the response of species composition to climate varied between sites: specifically, species composition was strongly correlated with climatic distance in the tropical rainforest but not in the savanna. Taken together, our long-term butterfly monitoring data reveal that interactions between human-modified habitat change and climate change have shaped butterfly diversity in tropical rainforest and savanna. These findings also have important implications for biodiversity conservation under the current era of rapid human-induced habitat loss and climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bai-Ge Miao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Mengla, Yunnan, China
- Plant Ecology, Core Botanical Gardens, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Mengla, Yunnan, China
| | - Yan-Qiong Peng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Mengla, Yunnan, China
- Plant Ecology, Core Botanical Gardens, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Mengla, Yunnan, China
| | - Da-Rong Yang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Mengla, Yunnan, China
| | - Yasuhiro Kubota
- Faculty of Science, University of the Ryukyus, Nishihara, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Evan P Economo
- Biodiversity and Biocomplexity Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, Onna-son, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Cong Liu
- Faculty of Science, University of the Ryukyus, Nishihara, Okinawa, Japan
- Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, United States
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22
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Thakur S, Bahrdwaj S, Singh AP. Diversity pattern of butterfly communities (Lepidoptera) in different habitat types of Nahan, Himachal Pradesh, India. JOURNAL OF THREATENED TAXA 2021. [DOI: 10.11609/jott.7095.13.8.19137-19143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Diversity and similarity of butterfly communities were assessed in three different habitat types in the mountains of Nahan, Himachal Pradesh, from May 2012 to April 2013. A total of 75 species and five families were reported. Proportion of species was highest in deciduous dry forest (49%), followed by Shorea (Saal) forest (34%), and Pinus (Cheer) forest (17%). Family Pieridae was dominant followed by Nymphalidae in all three habitat types. Cluster analysis revealed that Cheer forest stood out clearly from Dry and Saal forest which represents the different species composition. We found significant differences in butterfly diversity in the three forest types based on Shannon index, Simpson dominance index, and Buzas & Gibson’s evenness. These differences may be attributable to variations in host and nectar plant distribution. Of the habitats surveyed, dry deciduous forest appeared to be the most suitable for butterfly conservation.
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23
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Hamer KC, Sasu MA, Ofosuhene L, Asare R, Ossom B, Parr CL, Scriven SA, Asante W, Addico R, Hill JK. Proximity to forest mediates trade‐offs between yields and biodiversity of birds in oil palm smallholdings. Biotropica 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/btp.12997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Michael A. Sasu
- School of Biology University of Leeds Leeds UK
- Nature Conservation Research Centre Accra Ghana
| | - Linda Ofosuhene
- School of Biology University of Leeds Leeds UK
- Nature Conservation Research Centre Accra Ghana
| | | | | | - Catherine L. Parr
- Department of Earth, Ocean and Ecological Sciences University of Liverpool Liverpool UK
| | - Sarah A. Scriven
- Leverhulme Centre for Anthropocene Biodiversity Department of Biology University of York York UK
| | - Winston Asante
- Department of Silviculture and Forest Management Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology Kumasi Ghana
| | | | - Jane K. Hill
- Leverhulme Centre for Anthropocene Biodiversity Department of Biology University of York York UK
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24
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Codeço CT, Dal'Asta AP, Rorato AC, Lana RM, Neves TC, Andreazzi CS, Barbosa M, Escada MIS, Fernandes DA, Rodrigues DL, Reis IC, Silva-Nunes M, Gontijo AB, Coelho FC, Monteiro AMV. Epidemiology, Biodiversity, and Technological Trajectories in the Brazilian Amazon: From Malaria to COVID-19. Front Public Health 2021; 9:647754. [PMID: 34327184 PMCID: PMC8314010 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2021.647754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The Amazon biome is under severe threat due to increasing deforestation rates and loss of biodiversity and ecosystem services while sustaining a high burden of neglected tropical diseases. Approximately two thirds of this biome are located within Brazilian territory. There, socio-economic and environmental landscape transformations are linked to the regional agrarian economy dynamics, which has developed into six techno-productive trajectories (TTs). These TTs are the product of the historical interaction between Peasant and Farmer and Rancher practices, technologies and rationalities. This article investigates the distribution of the dominant Brazilian Amazon TTs and their association with environmental degradation and vulnerability to neglected tropical diseases. The goal is to provide a framework for the joint debate of the local economic, environmental and health dimensions. We calculated the dominant TT for each municipality in 2017. Peasant trajectories (TT1, TT2, and TT3) are dominant in ca. fifty percent of the Amazon territory, mostly concentrated in areas covered by continuous forest where malaria is an important morbidity and mortality cause. Cattle raising trajectories are associated with higher deforestation rates. Meanwhile, Farmer and Rancher economies are becoming dominant trajectories, comprising large scale cattle and grain production. These trajectories are associated with rapid biodiversity loss and a high prevalence of neglected tropical diseases, such as leishmaniasis, Aedes-borne diseases and Chagas disease. Overall, these results defy simplistic views that the dominant development trajectory for the Amazon will optimize economic, health and environmental indicators. This approach lays the groundwork for a more integrated narrative consistent with the economic history of the Brazilian Amazon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia T. Codeço
- Programa de Computação Científica, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Ana P. Dal'Asta
- Laboratório de Investigação em Sistemas Socioambientais, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais, Sao Jose dos Campos, Brazil
| | - Ana C. Rorato
- Laboratório de Investigação em Sistemas Socioambientais, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais, Sao Jose dos Campos, Brazil
- Centro de Ciência do Sistema Terrestre, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais, Sao Jose dos Campos, Brazil
| | - Raquel M. Lana
- Programa de Computação Científica, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Tatiana C. Neves
- Programa de Computação Científica, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Cecilia S. Andreazzi
- Laboratório de Biologia e Parasitologia de Mamíferos Silvestres Reservatórios, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Milton Barbosa
- Ecologia Evolutiva e Biodiversidade, DGEE, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Maria I. S. Escada
- Laboratório de Investigação em Sistemas Socioambientais, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais, Sao Jose dos Campos, Brazil
| | - Danilo A. Fernandes
- Instituto de Ciências Sociais Aplicadas e Núcleo de Altos Estudos Amazônicos, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belem, Brazil
| | - Danuzia L. Rodrigues
- Instituto de Estudos em Desenvolvimento Agrário e Regional, Universidade Federal do Sul e Sudeste do Pará, Maraba, Brazil
| | - Izabel C. Reis
- Laboratório de Mosquitos Transmissores de Hematozoários, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - Alexandre B. Gontijo
- Laboratório de Produtos Florestais, Serviço Florestal Brasileiro, Brasília, Brazil
| | - Flavio C. Coelho
- Escola de Matemática Aplicada, Fundação Getúlio Vargas, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Antonio M. V. Monteiro
- Laboratório de Investigação em Sistemas Socioambientais, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais, Sao Jose dos Campos, Brazil
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25
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Simamora T, Purbowo S, Laumonier Y. Looking for indicator bird species in the context of forest fragmentation and isolation in West Kalimantan, Indonesia. Glob Ecol Conserv 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gecco.2021.e01610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
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Abstract
In this study, we assess the potential of ants as bioindicators of riparian ecological health in two river types (upland and lowland type) located in the Catalonian region. We proposed to understand to what extent do metrics based on ant responses provide useful information that cannot be presented by traditional biophysical assessments while attempting an approach to creating an ant-based multimetric index (ant-based MMI) of the riparian ecological health. A total of 22 ant species were identified, and 42 metrics related to ant foraging activity, species richness, and functional traits were evaluated as potential core metrics of the index. Riparian features and proximal land use land cover (LULC) were used to distinguish disturbed from less disturbed sites. We found that ant communities strongly responded to human disturbance. When compared with an exclusively physical-based index for the assessment of the riparian health, the ant-based MMI was more sensitive to human disturbance, by also reacting to the effects of the surrounding LULC pressure. This study provides a preliminary approach for an ant-based assessment tool to evaluate the health of riparian corridors although additional research is required to include other river types and a wider stressor gradient before a wider application.
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27
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Lewis OT. Some like it hot: Tropical ant community responses to rainforest modification and conversion are shaped by thermal tolerances. Funct Ecol 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2435.13776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Owen T. Lewis
- Department of Zoology University of Oxford Oxford UK
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28
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Abstract
Identification of priority areas for conservation is crucial for the maintenance and protection of biodiversity, particularly in tropical forests where biodiversity continues to be lost at alarming rates. Surveys and research on umbrella species can provide efficient and effective approaches to identify potential areas for conservation at small geographical scales. Army ants of the genus Eciton are keystone species in neotropical forests due to their major role as top predators and due to the numerous vertebrate- and invertebrate associated species that depend upon their colonies for survival. These associates range from the iconic army ant-following birds to a wide range of arthropod groups, some of which have evolved intricate morphological, behavioural and/or chemical strategies to conceal their presence and integrate into the colony life. Furthermore, Eciton colonies require large forested areas that support a diverse leaf litter prey community and several field-based and genetic studies have demonstrated the negative consequences of forest fragmentation for the long-term maintenance of these colonies. Therefore, Eciton species will not only act as umbrella for their associates but also for many other species in neotropical forests, in particular for those that require a large extent of forest. This review summarises past and recent accounts of the main taxonomic groups found associated with Eciton colonies, as well research assessing the impact of forest fragmentation on this army ant, to encourage the adoption of Eciton army ants as umbrella species for the identification of priority areas for conservation and assessments of the effect of disturbance in neotropical forests.
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Lukhele SM, Shapiro JT, Mahlaba TA, Sibiya MD, McCleery RA, Fletcher RJ, Monadjem A. Influence of sugarcane growth stages on bird diversity and community structure in an agricultural-savanna environment. Heliyon 2021; 7:e06563. [PMID: 33851055 PMCID: PMC8024607 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e06563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Revised: 12/26/2020] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Agricultural intensification is a threat to terrestrial ecosystems around the world. Agricultural areas, especially monocultures, create homogenous landscapes for wildlife. However, certain crops, such as sugarcane, are harvested in phases, creating a mosaic of fields in different stages of growth. We investigated changes in avian communities across four different sugarcane growth stages: emerging, short, medium and tall sugarcane, as well as control sites that represented native savanna habitat in northeast Eswatini prior to conversion to agriculture. In total, we sampled nine sites in sugarcane fields (at different growth stages) and three in native savanna. We conducted bird counts at 5-week intervals along 200m line transects over both the breeding and non-breeding seasons. We recorded a total of 124 bird species belonging to 58 families. Bird species richness and diversity were higher in savannas compared to any stages of growth in sugarcane. In contrast, functional beta diversity and uniqueness were higher in sugarcane than in savanna. Community composition was also different between the two land-uses. While there was overlap in bird species composition between different sugarcane growth stages, there was high beta diversity and high turnover between sites, indicative of the high temporal and spatial variability in bird communities in sugarcane fields. We demonstrated that the spatial and temporal variability created by the different growth stages of sugarcane promotes the occurrence of species with different traits, which may contribute to ecosystem functioning and promote the conservation of bird species as sugarcane fields can provide resource complementation for species with different needs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sifiso M. Lukhele
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Eswatini, Private Bag 4, Kwaluseni, Eswatini
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Cyprus, P O Box 20537, Nicosia, 1678, Cyprus
| | - Julie Teresa Shapiro
- CIRI, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Université de Lyon, Inserm U1111, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS UMR5308, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, 46 Allée d’Italie, Lyon, 69007, France
| | | | - Muzi D. Sibiya
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Eswatini, Private Bag 4, Kwaluseni, Eswatini
- Department of Wildlife Ecology and Conservation, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611-0430, USA
| | - Robert A. McCleery
- Department of Wildlife Ecology and Conservation, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611-0430, USA
| | - Robert J. Fletcher
- Department of Wildlife Ecology and Conservation, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611-0430, USA
| | - Ara Monadjem
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Eswatini, Private Bag 4, Kwaluseni, Eswatini
- Mammal Research Institute, Department of Zoology and Entomology, University of Pretoria, Private Bag 20, Hatfield, 0028, Pretoria, South Africa
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Tyler NJC, Hanssen-Bauer I, Førland EJ, Nellemann C. The Shrinking Resource Base of Pastoralism: Saami Reindeer Husbandry in a Climate of Change. FRONTIERS IN SUSTAINABLE FOOD SYSTEMS 2021. [DOI: 10.3389/fsufs.2020.585685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The productive performance of large ungulates in extensive pastoral grazing systems is modulated simultaneously by the effects of climate change and human intervention independent of climate change. The latter includes the expansion of private, civil and military activity and infrastructure and the erosion of land rights. We used Saami reindeer husbandry in Norway as a model in which to examine trends in, and to compare the influence of, both effects on a pastoral grazing system. Downscaled projections of mean annual temperature over the principal winter pasture area (Finnmarksvidda) closely matched empirical observations across 34 years to 2018. The area, therefore, is not only warming but seems likely to continue to do so. Warming notwithstanding, 50-year (1969–2018) records of local weather (temperature, precipitation and characteristics of the snowpack) demonstrate considerable annual and decadal variation which also seems likely to continue and alternately to amplify and to counter net warming. Warming, moreover, has both positive and negative effects on ecosystem services that influence reindeer. The effects of climate change on reindeer pastoralism are evidently neither temporally nor spatially uniform, nor indeed is the role of climate change as a driver of change in pastoralism even clear. The effects of human intervention on the system, by contrast, are clear and largely negative. Gradual liberalization of grazing rights from the 18th Century has been countered by extensive loss of reindeer pasture. Access to ~50% of traditional winter pasture was lost in the 19th Century owing to the closure of international borders to the passage of herders and their reindeer. Subsequent to this the area of undisturbed pasture within Norway has decreased by 71%. Loss of pasture due to piecemeal development of infrastructure and to administrative encroachment that erodes herders' freedom of action on the land that remains to them, are the principal threats to reindeer husbandry in Norway today. These tangible effects far exceed the putative effects of current climate change on the system. The situation confronting Saami reindeer pastoralism is not unique: loss of pasture and administrative, economic, legal and social constraints bedevil extensive pastoral grazing systems across the globe.
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Functional Diversity of Soil Nematodes in Relation to the Impact of Agriculture—A Review. DIVERSITY 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/d13020064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
The analysis of the functional diversity of soil nematodes requires detailed knowledge on theoretical aspects of the biodiversity–ecosystem functioning relationship in natural and managed terrestrial ecosystems. Basic approaches applied are reviewed, focusing on the impact and value of soil nematode diversity in crop production and on the most consistent external drivers affecting their stability. The role of nematode trophic guilds in two intensively cultivated crops are examined in more detail, as representative of agriculture from tropical/subtropical (banana) and temperate (apple) climates. The multiple facets of nematode network analysis, for management of multitrophic interactions and restoration purposes, represent complex tasks that require the integration of different interdisciplinary expertise. Understanding the evolutionary basis of nematode diversity at the field level, and its response to current changes, will help to explain the observed community shifts. Integrating approaches based on evolutionary biology, population genetics and ecology can quantify the contribution of nematode fauna to fundamental soil functions. These include carbon transformation, nutrient cycling, pest control and disease transmission. In conclusion, different facets of nematode diversity such as trophic groups, life history traits, variability in body size and/or taxa identities in combination with DNA-based techniques are needed in order to disclose nematode–soil–ecosystem functioning relationships. Further experimental studies are required to define locally adapted and sustainable management practices, through ecosystem-based approaches and nature-based solutions.
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Pain A, Marquardt K, Lindh A, Hasselquist NJ. What Is Secondary about Secondary Tropical Forest? Rethinking Forest Landscapes. HUMAN ECOLOGY: AN INTERDISCIPLINARY JOURNAL 2020; 49:239-247. [PMID: 33343057 PMCID: PMC7734905 DOI: 10.1007/s10745-020-00203-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/22/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Forests have long been locations of contestation between people and state bureaucracies, and among the knowledge frameworks of local users, foresters, ecologists, and conservationists. An essential framing of the debate has been between the categories of primary and secondary forest. In this introduction to a collection of papers that address the questions of what basis, in what sense, and for whom primary forest is 'primary' and secondary forest is 'secondary,' and whether these are useful distinctions, we outline this debate and propose a new conceptual model that departs from the simple binary of primary and secondary forests. Rather, we propose that attention should be given to the nature of the disturbance that may alter forest ecology, the forms of regeneration that follow, and the governance context within which this takes place.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Pain
- Department of Urban and Rural Development, Swedish University of Agricultural Science, 750 07 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Kristina Marquardt
- Department of Urban and Rural Development, Swedish University of Agricultural Science, 750 07 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Arvid Lindh
- Department of Forest Ecology and Management, Swedish University of Agricultural Science, 90183 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Niles J. Hasselquist
- Department of Forest Ecology and Management, Swedish University of Agricultural Science, 90183 Umeå, Sweden
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Ramírez‐Albores JE, Prieto‐Torres DA, Gordillo‐Martínez A, Sánchez‐Ramos LE, Navarro‐Sigüenza AG. Insights for protection of high species richness areas for the conservation of Mesoamerican endemic birds. DIVERS DISTRIB 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/ddi.13153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jorge E. Ramírez‐Albores
- Museo de Zoología “Alfonso L. Herrera” Departamento de Biología Evolutiva Facultad de Ciencias Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Ciudad de México México
- Instituto de Ciencias Agropecuarias y Rurales Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México Toluca de Lerdo Estado de México México
| | - David A. Prieto‐Torres
- Museo de Zoología “Alfonso L. Herrera” Departamento de Biología Evolutiva Facultad de Ciencias Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Ciudad de México México
- Coordinación Universitaria para la Sustentabilidad (CoUS) Secretaria de Desarrollo Institucional Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México México City México
| | - Alejandro Gordillo‐Martínez
- Museo de Zoología “Alfonso L. Herrera” Departamento de Biología Evolutiva Facultad de Ciencias Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Ciudad de México México
| | - Luis E. Sánchez‐Ramos
- Museo de Zoología “Alfonso L. Herrera” Departamento de Biología Evolutiva Facultad de Ciencias Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Ciudad de México México
| | - Adolfo G. Navarro‐Sigüenza
- Museo de Zoología “Alfonso L. Herrera” Departamento de Biología Evolutiva Facultad de Ciencias Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Ciudad de México México
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Braschler B, Gilgado JD, Zwahlen V, Rusterholz HP, Buchholz S, Baur B. Ground-dwelling invertebrate diversity in domestic gardens along a rural-urban gradient: Landscape characteristics are more important than garden characteristics. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0240061. [PMID: 33007013 PMCID: PMC7531831 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0240061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2020] [Accepted: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Urbanisation is increasing worldwide and is regarded a major driver of environmental change altering local species assemblages. Private domestic gardens contribute a significant share of total green area in cities, but their biodiversity has received relatively little attention. Previous studies mainly considered plants, flying invertebrates such as bees and butterflies, and birds. By using a multi-taxa approach focused on less mobile, ground-dwelling invertebrates, we examined the influence of local garden characteristics and landscape characteristics on species richness and abundance of gastropods, spiders, millipedes, woodlice, ants, ground beetles and rove beetles. We assume that most of the species of these groups are able to complete their entire life cycle within a single garden. We conducted field surveys in thirty-five domestic gardens along a rural-urban gradient in Basel, Switzerland. Considered together, the gardens examined harboured an impressive species richness, with a mean share of species of the corresponding groups known for Switzerland of 13.9%, ranging from 4.7% in ground beetles to 23.3% in woodlice. The overall high biodiversity is a result of complementary contributions of gardens harbouring distinct species assemblages. Indeed, at the garden level, species richness of different taxonomical groups were typically not inter-correlated. The exception was ant species richness, which was correlated with those of gastropods and spiders. Generalised linear models revealed that distance to the city centre is an important driver of species richness, abundance and composition of several groups, resulting in an altered species composition in gardens in the centre of the city. Local garden characteristics were important drivers of gastropod and ant species richness, and the abundance of spiders, millipedes and rove beetles. Our study shows that domestic gardens make a valuable contribution to regional biodiversity. Thus, domestic urban gardens constitute an important part of green infrastructure, which should be considered by urban planners.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brigitte Braschler
- Section of Conservation Biology, Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- * E-mail:
| | - José D. Gilgado
- Section of Conservation Biology, Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Valerie Zwahlen
- Section of Conservation Biology, Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Hans-Peter Rusterholz
- Section of Conservation Biology, Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Sascha Buchholz
- Department of Ecology, Technische Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Berlin-Brandenburg Institute of Advanced Biodiversity Research (BBIB), Berlin, Germany
| | - Bruno Baur
- Section of Conservation Biology, Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
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Dufek MI, Larrea DD, Damborsky MP, Mulieri PR. The Effect of Anthropization on Sarcophagidae (Diptera: Calyptratae) Community Structure: An Assessment on Different Types of Habitats in the Humid Chaco Ecoregion of Argentina. JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY 2020; 57:1468-1479. [PMID: 32307513 DOI: 10.1093/jme/tjaa071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Sarcophagidae (Diptera) are of great interest from a veterinary, medical, and forensic viewpoint, and are potential bioindicators for environmental impact assessments. In this study, we evaluated changes in abundance, species richness, and diversity of flesh flies in different habitat types in the Humid Chaco ecoregion of South America: 1) anthropized habitats: urban, cattle farm, and alfalfa crop, and 2) natural habitats: savanna and forest. We hypothesized that sarcophagid fly community parameters are affected by the anthropization and that spatial turnover will contribute more to the overall beta diversity than nestedness between habitats. In each habitat, samplings were conducted monthly from March 2015 to February 2016 in 25 sites, 5 per habitat, totaling 300 independent samples at the end of the study. We collected 5,790 Sarcophagidae (55 species). Community parameters of Sarcophagidae were evaluated and compared. The ecological effects of anthropization and habitat type were observed in the present study. As expected, our results showed the highest abundance, species richness, and diversity in the savanna and forest habitats (natural), whereas the lowest values were registered in the urban and alfalfa crop habitats, supporting the hypotheses of anthropization as the main driver of diversity loss. In addition, sarcophagid assemblages differed between all habitats and the overall dissimilarity was structured by spatial turnover. The main conclusion of this research is that flesh fly community structure is greatly affected by anthropization and habitat type, and this would be related to canopy cover and microclimate conditions of each environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matias I Dufek
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Corrientes, Argentina
- Universidad Nacional del Nordeste, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales y Agrimensura, Biología de los Artrópodos, Corrientes, Argentina
| | - Dario D Larrea
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Corrientes, Argentina
- Universidad Nacional del Nordeste, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales y Agrimensura, Biología de los Artrópodos, Corrientes, Argentina
| | - Miryam P Damborsky
- Universidad Nacional del Nordeste, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales y Agrimensura, Biología de los Artrópodos, Corrientes, Argentina
| | - Pablo R Mulieri
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales 'Bernardino Rivadavia' (MACN), Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Functional Diversity Changes after Selective Thinning in a Tropical Mountain Forest in Southern Ecuador. DIVERSITY 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/d12060256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Background: The impact of selective thinning on forest diversity has been extensively studied in temperate and boreal regions. However, in the tropics, knowledge is still poor regarding the impacts of this silvicultural treatment on functional diversity, especially in tropical mountain forests, which are considered to be highly biodiverse ecosystems and also endangered by human activities. By evaluating the changes on functional diversity by using different indicators, hypothesizing that selective thinning significantly affects (directly or indirectly) tropical mountain forests, this work promotes sustainable ecosystem use. Methods: A total of 52 permanent plots of 2500 m2 each were installed in a primary mountain forest in the San Francisco Biological Reserve to assess the impact of this silvicultural treatment. Selective thinning can be defined as a controlled process, in which trees that compete with ecologically and/or valuable timber species are progressively removed to stimulate the development of profitable ones, called potential crop trees (PCT). In doing so, the best specimens remain in the forest stand until their final harvest. After PCT selection, 30 plots were chosen for the intervention, while 22 plots served as control plots. The thinning intensity fluctuated between 4 and 56 trees ha−1 (average 18.8 ± 12.1 stems ha−1). Functional Diversity (FD) indices, including the community weighted mean (CWM), were determined based on six traits using the FD package implemented in R software. The difference between initial and final conditions of functional richness (FRic), functional divergence (FDiv), functional evenness (FEve), functional dispersion (FDis), and Rao quadratic entropy (RaoQ) was modeled using linear mixed models (LMM). As fixed factors, we used all the predictors inherent to structural and ecological forest conditions before and after the selective thinning and as a random variable, we used the membership to nested sampling units. Results: Functional Richness (FRic) showed significant changes after selective thinning, the other indexes (FEve, FDis, FDiv, RaoQ) were only influenced by predictors related to ecological conditions and characteristics of the community.
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Martinez ND. Allometric Trophic Networks From Individuals to Socio-Ecosystems: Consumer–Resource Theory of the Ecological Elephant in the Room. Front Ecol Evol 2020. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2020.00092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
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Kioko E, Musyoki AM, Luanga A, Kioko MD, Mwangi EW, Monda L. Swallowtail butterflies (Lepidoptera: Papilionidae) species diversity and distribution in Africa: The Papilionidae collection at the National Museums of Kenya, Nairobi, Kenya. Biodivers Data J 2020; 8:e50664. [PMID: 32292277 PMCID: PMC7145877 DOI: 10.3897/bdj.8.e50664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2020] [Accepted: 03/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Species data from the Museum collections have been shown to be of great value as a tool for prioritising conservation actions in Africa (Fjeldsa and Tushabe 2005). The National Museums of Kenya (NMK) have an entomology collection, housed in 4,000 drawers in cabinets that contain over 1.5 million specimens, including the largest butterfly collection in Africa (Arnett et al. 1997). Lampe and Striebing (2005) demonstrated how to digitise large insect collections in order to make their associated label data into databases that can be used for functions, such as creating distribution maps. The NMK's swallowtail butterflies' collection had not been digitised and thus there was a need to capture the label data to create a database that can be used for mapping the distribution of the species in Kenya and elsewhere. These data have addressed one of the most significant challenges to insect conservation i.e. the lack of baseline information concerning species diversity and distribution (Summerville and Crist 2003). These data have provided key historic papilionid species diversity and distribution data that can be used to monitor their populations, as butterflies are declining due to changes in land use, intensive agriculture and pestcide use, diseases and pest and climate change (Potts et al. 2016; Bongaarts 2019). The publication of the occurrence data records in GBIF has been undertaken, thus making the data available to a wider audience and promoting availability for use. NEW INFORMATION The swallowtail butterflies collection at the National Museums of Kenya was digitised from 2017-2019 and this paper presents details of the Papilionid collection at the Zoology Department, NMK, Nairobi, Kenya.The collection holds 7,345 voucher specimens, consisting of three genera and 133 species. The collection covers the period between 1850 to 2019.The distribution of the swallowtail butterflies, housed at the NMK, covers East Africa with 88%, Central Africa (6%), Western Africa (4%) and Southern Africa (2%).
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Affiliation(s)
- Esther Kioko
- National Museums of Kenya, Nairobi, KenyaNational Museums of KenyaNairobiKenya
| | | | - Augustine Luanga
- National Museums of Kenya, Nairobi, KenyaNational Museums of KenyaNairobiKenya
| | | | | | - Lawrence Monda
- National Museums of Kenya, Nairobi, KenyaNational Museums of KenyaNairobiKenya
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Torppa KA, Wirta H, Hanski I. Unexpectedly diverse forest dung beetle communities in degraded rain forest landscapes in Madagascar. Biotropica 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/btp.12767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kaisa Anneli Torppa
- Department of Ecology Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences Uppsala Sweden
- Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences University of Helsinki Helsinki Finland
| | - Helena Wirta
- Faculty of Agriculture and Forestry University of Helsinki Helsinki Finland
| | - Ilkka Hanski
- Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences University of Helsinki Helsinki Finland
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Bruckerhoff LA, Connell RK, Guinnip JP, Adhikari E, Godar A, Gido KB, Boyle AW, Hope AG, Joern A, Welti E. Harmony on the prairie? Grassland plant and animal community responses to variation in climate across land-use gradients. Ecology 2020; 101:e02986. [PMID: 31961449 DOI: 10.1002/ecy.2986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2019] [Revised: 12/11/2019] [Accepted: 12/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Human induced climate and land-use change are severely impacting global biodiversity, but how community composition and richness of multiple taxonomic groups change in response to local drivers and whether these responses are synchronous remains unclear. We used long-term community-level data from an experimentally manipulated grassland to assess the relative influence of climate and land use as drivers of community structure of four taxonomic groups: birds, mammals, grasshoppers, and plants. We also quantified the synchrony of responses among taxonomic groups across land-use gradients and compared climatic drivers of community structure across groups. All four taxonomic groups responded strongly to land use (fire frequency and grazing), while responses to climate variability were more pronounced in grasshoppers and small mammals. Animal groups exhibited asynchronous responses across all land-use treatments, but plant and animal groups, especially birds, exhibited synchronous responses in composition. Asynchrony was attributed to taxonomic groups responding to different components of climate variability, including both current climate conditions and lagged effects from the previous year. Data-driven land management strategies are crucial for sustaining native biodiversity in grassland systems, but asynchronous responses of taxonomic groups to climate variability across land-use gradients highlight a need to incorporate response heterogeneity into management planning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindsey A Bruckerhoff
- Division of Biology, Kansas State University, 116 Ackert Hall, Manhattan, Kansas, 66506, USA
| | - R Kent Connell
- Division of Biology, Kansas State University, 116 Ackert Hall, Manhattan, Kansas, 66506, USA
| | - James P Guinnip
- Division of Biology, Kansas State University, 116 Ackert Hall, Manhattan, Kansas, 66506, USA
| | - Elina Adhikari
- Department of Plant Pathology, Kansas State University, 4024 Throckmorton PSC, Manhattan, Kansas, 66506, USA
| | - Alixandra Godar
- Division of Biology, Kansas State University, 116 Ackert Hall, Manhattan, Kansas, 66506, USA
| | - Keith B Gido
- Division of Biology, Kansas State University, 116 Ackert Hall, Manhattan, Kansas, 66506, USA
| | - Alice W Boyle
- Division of Biology, Kansas State University, 116 Ackert Hall, Manhattan, Kansas, 66506, USA
| | - Andrew G Hope
- Division of Biology, Kansas State University, 116 Ackert Hall, Manhattan, Kansas, 66506, USA
| | - Anthony Joern
- Division of Biology, Kansas State University, 116 Ackert Hall, Manhattan, Kansas, 66506, USA
| | - Ellen Welti
- Division of Biology, Kansas State University, 116 Ackert Hall, Manhattan, Kansas, 66506, USA.,Geographical Ecology Group, Department of Biology, University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma, USA
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Abstract
Growing domestic and international ethanol demand is expected to result in increased sugarcane cultivation in Brazil. Sugarcane expansion currently results in land-use changes mainly in the Cerrado and Atlantic Forest biomes, two severely threatened biodiversity hotspots. This study quantifies potential biodiversity impacts of increased ethanol demand in Brazil in a spatially explicit manner. We project changes in potential total, threatened, endemic, and range-restricted mammals’ species richness up to 2030. Decreased potential species richness due to increased ethanol demand in 2030 was projected for about 19,000 km2 in the Cerrado, 17,000 km2 in the Atlantic Forest, and 7000 km2 in the Pantanal. In the Cerrado and Atlantic Forest, the biodiversity impacts of sugarcane expansion were mainly due to direct land-use change; in the Pantanal, they were largely due to indirect land-use change. The biodiversity impact of increased ethanol demand was projected to be smaller than the impact of other drivers of land-use change. This study provides a first indication of biodiversity impacts related to increased ethanol production in Brazil, which is useful for policy makers and ethanol producers aiming to mitigate impacts. Future research should assess the impact of potential mitigation options, such as nature protection, agroforestry, or agricultural intensification.
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Prieto-Torres DA, Lira-Noriega A, Navarro-Sigüenza AG. Climate change promotes species loss and uneven modification of richness patterns in the avifauna associated to Neotropical seasonally dry forests. Perspect Ecol Conserv 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pecon.2020.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
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Santillán V, Quitián M, Tinoco BA, Zárate E, Schleuning M, Böhning-Gaese K, Neuschulz EL. Direct and indirect effects of elevation, climate and vegetation structure on bird communities on a tropical mountain. ACTA OECOLOGICA-INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ECOLOGY 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.actao.2019.103500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Naughton I, Boser C, Tsutsui ND, Holway DA. Direct evidence of native ant displacement by the Argentine ant in island ecosystems. Biol Invasions 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s10530-019-02121-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Velasquez E, Lavelle P. Soil macrofauna as an indicator for evaluating soil based ecosystem services in agricultural landscapes. ACTA OECOLOGICA-INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ECOLOGY 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.actao.2019.103446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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46
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Oberprieler SK, Andersen AN, Gillespie GR, Einoder LD. Vertebrates are poor umbrellas for invertebrates: cross‐taxon congruence in an Australian tropical savanna. Ecosphere 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ecs2.2755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Stefanie K. Oberprieler
- CSIRO Tropical Ecosystems Research Centre P.M.B. 44 Winnellie Darwin Northern Territory 0822 Australia
- Research Institute for the Environment and Livelihoods Charles Darwin University Darwin Northern Territory 0909 Australia
- Research School of Biology Australian National University Acton Canberra Australian Capital Territory 2600 Australia
| | - Alan N. Andersen
- CSIRO Tropical Ecosystems Research Centre P.M.B. 44 Winnellie Darwin Northern Territory 0822 Australia
- Research Institute for the Environment and Livelihoods Charles Darwin University Darwin Northern Territory 0909 Australia
| | - Graeme R. Gillespie
- Flora and Fauna Division Department of Environment and Natural Resources P.O. Box 496 Palmerston Northern Territory 0831 Australia
| | - Luke D. Einoder
- Flora and Fauna Division Department of Environment and Natural Resources P.O. Box 496 Palmerston Northern Territory 0831 Australia
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Abstract
Declining biodiversity (BD) is aecting food security, agricultural sustainability,and environmental quality. Agroforestry (AF) is recognized as a possible partial solution forBD conservation and improvement. This manuscript uses published peer-reviewed manuscripts,reviews, meta-analysis, and federal and state agency documents to evaluate relationships betweenAF and BD and how AF can be used to conserve BD. The review revealed that floral, faunal, and soilmicrobial diversity were significantly greater in AF as compared to monocropping, adjacent croplands, and within crop alleys and some forests. Among the soil organisms, arbuscular mycorrhizaefungi (AMF), bacteria, and enzyme activities were significantly greater in AF than crop and livestockpractices. Agroforestry also creates spatially concentrated high-density BD near trees due to favorablesoil-plant-water-microclimate conditions. The greater BD was attributed to heterogeneous vegetation,organic carbon, microclimate, soil conditions, and spatial distribution of trees. Dierences in BDbetween AF and other management types diminished with time. Evenly distributed leaves, litter,roots, dead/live biological material, and microclimate improve soil and microclimate in adjacentcrop and pasture areas as the system matures. Results of the study prove that integration of AFcan improve BD in agricultural lands. Selection of site suitable tree/shrub/grass-crop combinationscan be used to help address soil nutrient deficiencies or environmental conditions. Future studieswith standardized management protocols may be needed for all regions to further strengthen thesefindings and to develop AF establishment criteria for BD conservation and agricultural sustainability.
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Decaëns T, Martins MB, Feijoo A, Oszwald J, Dolédec S, Mathieu J, Arnaud de Sartre X, Bonilla D, Brown GG, Cuellar Criollo YA, Dubs F, Furtado IS, Gond V, Gordillo E, Le Clec'h S, Marichal R, Mitja D, de Souza IM, Praxedes C, Rougerie R, Ruiz DH, Otero JT, Sanabria C, Velasquez A, Zararte LEM, Lavelle P. Biodiversity loss along a gradient of deforestation in Amazonian agricultural landscapes. CONSERVATION BIOLOGY : THE JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR CONSERVATION BIOLOGY 2018; 32:1380-1391. [PMID: 30113727 DOI: 10.1111/cobi.13206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2017] [Revised: 04/23/2018] [Accepted: 05/16/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Assessing how much management of agricultural landscapes, in addition to protected areas, can offset biodiversity erosion in the tropics is a central issue for conservation that still requires cross-taxonomic and landscape-scale studies. We measured the effects of Amazonia deforestation and subsequent land-use intensification in 6 agricultural areas (landscape scale), where we sampled plants and 4 animal groups (birds, earthworms, fruit flies, and moths). We assessed land-use intensification with a synthetic index based on landscape metrics (total area and relative percentages of land uses, edge density, mean patch density and diversity, and fractal structures at 5 dates from 1990 to 2007). Species richness decreased consistently as agricultural intensification increased despite slight differences in the responses of sampled groups. Globally, in moderately deforested landscapes species richness was relatively stable, and there was a clear threshold in biodiversity loss midway along the intensification gradient, mainly linked to a drop in forest cover and quality. Our results suggest anthropogenic landscapes with high-quality forest covering >40 % of the surface area may prevent biodiversity loss in Amazonia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thibaud Decaëns
- Centre d'Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive, UMR 5175, CNRS-Univ Montpellier-Univ Paul-Valéry-EPHE-SupAgro Montpellier-INRA-IRD, Montpellier, France
| | - Marlúcia B Martins
- Laboratório de Ecologia de Invertebrados, Coordenação de Zoologia, Museu Paraense Emilio Goeldi, Avenida Perimetral 1901, Terra Firma, CEP 66077 530, Belém, Pará, Brazil
| | - Alexander Feijoo
- Universidad Tecnológica de Pereira, Facultad de Ciencias Ambientales, Vereda La Julita, AA 97, 660003, Pereira, Risaralda, Colombia
| | - Johan Oszwald
- COSTEL, UMR CNRS 5654, Université de Rennes 2, 5 place Henri Le Moal, 35 000 Rennes, France
| | - Sylvain Dolédec
- LEHNA, UMR 5023, Université Lyon 1, 43 Bd du 11 novembre 1918, 69 622, Villeurbanne Cedex, France
| | - Jérôme Mathieu
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, iEES Paris, 4 place Jussieu, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Xavier Arnaud de Sartre
- SET, UMR CNRS 5603, Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour, Avenue du Doyen Poplawski, 64 000, Pau, France
| | | | - George G Brown
- Embrapa Florestas, Estrada da Ribeira, km. 111, Caixa-Postal 319, CEP 83411 000, Curitiba, Parana, Brazil
| | - Yeimmy Andrea Cuellar Criollo
- Universidad de la Amazonia, Sede Principal, Calle 17 - Diagonal 17 con Carrera 3F, Barrio Porvenir, Florencia, Caquetá, Colombia
| | - Florence Dubs
- IRD, iEES Paris, Centre IRD Ile de France, 32 Av. Henri Varagnat, 93143, Bondy Cedex, France
| | - Ivaneide S Furtado
- Laboratório de Ecologia de Invertebrados, Coordenação de Zoologia, Museu Paraense Emilio Goeldi, Avenida Perimetral 1901, Terra Firma, CEP 66077 530, Belém, Pará, Brazil
| | - Valérie Gond
- UR B&SEF, CIRAD, Campus international de Baillarguet, 34 398 Montpellier Cedex 5, France
| | - Erika Gordillo
- Universidad de la Amazonia, Sede Principal, Calle 17 - Diagonal 17 con Carrera 3F, Barrio Porvenir, Florencia, Caquetá, Colombia
| | - Solen Le Clec'h
- COSTEL, UMR CNRS 5654, Université de Rennes 2, 5 place Henri Le Moal, 35 000 Rennes, France
- Agricultural Economics and Policy group, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | | | - Danielle Mitja
- IRD, UMR Espace-DEV, MTD 500 rue Jean François Breton, 34 093 Montpellier, Cedex 5
| | - Izildinha Miranda de Souza
- Universidade Federal Rural da Amazônia (UFRA), Avenida Perimetral 2501, CEP 66077 530, Belém, Pará, Brazil
| | - Catarina Praxedes
- Laboratório de Ecologia de Invertebrados, Coordenação de Zoologia, Museu Paraense Emilio Goeldi, Avenida Perimetral 1901, Terra Firma, CEP 66077 530, Belém, Pará, Brazil
| | - Rodolphe Rougerie
- Institut de Systématique, Evolution, Biodiversité (ISYEB), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle, CNRS, Sorbonne Université EPHE, 57 rue Cuvier, CP 50, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Darío H Ruiz
- Universidad Tecnológica de Pereira, Facultad de Ciencias Ambientales, Vereda La Julita, AA 97, 660003, Pereira, Risaralda, Colombia
| | - Joel Tupac Otero
- Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Sede Palmira, Carrera 32 No 12 - 00 Chapinero, Vía Candelaria, Palmira, Valle del Cauca, Colombia
| | | | - Alex Velasquez
- Universidad de la Amazonia, Sede Principal, Calle 17 - Diagonal 17 con Carrera 3F, Barrio Porvenir, Florencia, Caquetá, Colombia
| | - Luz Elena M Zararte
- Instituto Tecnológico del Putumayo, Barrio Luís Carlos Galán, Mocoa, Putumayo, Colombia
| | - Patrick Lavelle
- Centro Internacional de Agricultura Tropical (CIAT) - IRD, Cali, Valle del Cauca, Colombia
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Achury R, Suarez AV. Richness and Composition of Ground-dwelling Ants in Tropical Rainforest and Surrounding Landscapes in the Colombian Inter-Andean Valley. NEOTROPICAL ENTOMOLOGY 2018; 47:731-741. [PMID: 29190001 DOI: 10.1007/s13744-017-0565-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2017] [Accepted: 11/07/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Tropical rainforests are characterized by having high structural complexity, stratification, and species diversity. In Colombia, tropical rainforests are critically endangered with only 24% of their area remaining. Forest fragments are often valued based on the presence of vertebrate taxa despite that small habitat remnants may still harbor diverse invertebrate communities. We surveyed the ant fauna associated with rainforest fragments and their surrounding landscape elements (including mature forests, flooded forests, gallery forests, live fences, and pastures) in the Magdalena River watershed. Pitfall traps and litter samples were used to estimate ant richness and diversity, and to compare ant composition among landscape elements. We found 135 species from 42 genera, representing 16% of the species and 43% of the genera known for Colombia. Our surveys also uncovered 11 new ant records for the Colombian inter-Andean region and 2 new records for the country of Colombia: Mycocepurus curvispinosus (Mackay) and Rhopalothrix isthmica (Weber). The highest species richness was found in forest-covered sites, and richness and diversity was lower in the disturbed landscapes surrounding the forest patches. Species composition varied significantly between all habitat types, but was most similar between forest types suggesting that a loss of structural complexity has the greatest effect on ant communities. Across our study sites, ten species showed the greatest response to habitat type and could qualify as indicator taxa for this region. We conclude by discussing the value of conserving even small forests in this landscape due to their ability to retain high diversity of ants.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Achury
- Dept of Entomology, Univ of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 505 S. Goodwin Ave, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA.
- Grupo de Investigación en Biología, Ecología y Manejo de Hormigas, Univ del Valle, Cali, Colombia.
| | - A V Suarez
- Dept of Entomology, Univ of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 505 S. Goodwin Ave, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
- Dept of Animal Biology, Univ of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
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50
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Santillán V, Quitián M, Tinoco BA, Zárate E, Schleuning M, Böhning-Gaese K, Neuschulz EL. Different responses of taxonomic and functional bird diversity to forest fragmentation across an elevational gradient. Oecologia 2018; 189:863-873. [PMID: 30506305 DOI: 10.1007/s00442-018-4309-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2018] [Accepted: 11/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Many studies have investigated how habitat fragmentation affects the taxonomic and functional diversity of species assemblages. However, the joint effects of habitat fragmentation and environmental conditions on taxonomic and functional diversity, for instance across elevational gradients, have largely been neglected so far. In this study, we compare whether taxonomic and functional indicators show similar or distinct responses to forest fragmentation across an elevational gradient. We based our analysis on a comprehensive data set of species-rich bird assemblages from tropical montane forest in the Southern Andes of Ecuador. We monitored birds over 2 years in two habitat types (continuous and fragmented forest) at three elevations (i.e., 1000, 2000, and 3000 m a.s.l) and measured nine morphological traits for each bird species on museum specimens. Bird species richness and abundance were significantly higher in fragmented compared to continuous forests and decreased towards high elevations. In contrast, functional diversity was significantly reduced in fragmented compared to continuous forests at low elevations, but fragmentation effects on functional diversity tended to be reversed at high elevations. Our results demonstrate that taxonomic and functional indicators can show decoupled responses to forest fragmentation and that these effects are highly variable across elevations. Our findings reveal that functional homogenization in bird communities in response to fragmentation can be masked by apparent increases in taxonomic diversity, particularly in diverse communities at low elevations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinicio Santillán
- Senckenberg Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre, Senckenberganlage 25, 60325, Frankfurt Am Main, Germany. .,Department of Biological Sciences, Goethe-Universität Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Straße 9, 60438, Frankfurt Am Main, Germany. .,Escuela de Biología, Ecología Y Gestión, Universidad Del Azuay, Av. 24 de Mayo 7-77 Y Hernán Malo, 01.01.981, Cuenca, Ecuador.
| | - Marta Quitián
- Senckenberg Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre, Senckenberganlage 25, 60325, Frankfurt Am Main, Germany.,Department of Biological Sciences, Goethe-Universität Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Straße 9, 60438, Frankfurt Am Main, Germany
| | - Boris A Tinoco
- Escuela de Biología, Ecología Y Gestión, Universidad Del Azuay, Av. 24 de Mayo 7-77 Y Hernán Malo, 01.01.981, Cuenca, Ecuador
| | - Edwin Zárate
- Escuela de Biología, Ecología Y Gestión, Universidad Del Azuay, Av. 24 de Mayo 7-77 Y Hernán Malo, 01.01.981, Cuenca, Ecuador
| | - Matthias Schleuning
- Senckenberg Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre, Senckenberganlage 25, 60325, Frankfurt Am Main, Germany
| | - Katrin Böhning-Gaese
- Senckenberg Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre, Senckenberganlage 25, 60325, Frankfurt Am Main, Germany.,Department of Biological Sciences, Goethe-Universität Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Straße 9, 60438, Frankfurt Am Main, Germany
| | - Eike Lena Neuschulz
- Senckenberg Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre, Senckenberganlage 25, 60325, Frankfurt Am Main, Germany
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