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Ying S, Tang Y, Yang W, Hu Z, Huang R, Ding J, Yi X, Niu J, Chen Z, Wang T, Liu W, Peng X. The vesicle trafficking gene, OsRab7, is critical for pollen development and male fertility in cytoplasmic male-sterility rice. Gene 2024; 915:148423. [PMID: 38575100 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2024.148423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2024] [Revised: 03/23/2024] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
Rice cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS) provides an exceptional model for studying genetic interaction within plant nuclei given its inheritable trait of non-functional male gametophyte. Gaining a comprehensive understanding of the genes and pathways associated with the CMS mechanism is imperative for improving the vigor of hybrid rice agronomically, such as its productivity. Here, we observed a significant decrease in the expression of a gene named OsRab7 in the anther of the CMS line (SJA) compared to the maintainer line (SJB). OsRab7 is responsible for vesicle trafficking and loss function of OsRab7 significantly reduced pollen fertility and setting rate relative to the wild type. Meanwhile, over-expression of OsRab7 enhanced pollen fertility in the SJA line while a decrease in its expression in the SJB line led to the reduced pollen fertility. Premature tapetum and abnormal development of microspores were observed in the rab7 mutant. The expression of critical genes involved in tapetum development (OsMYB103, OsPTC1, OsEAT1 and OsAP25) and pollen development (OsMSP1, OsDTM1 and OsC4) decreased significantly in the anther of rab7 mutant. Reduced activities of the pDR5::GUS marker in the young panicle and anther of the rab7 mutant were also observed. Furthermore, the mRNA levels of genes involved in auxin biosynthesis (YUCCAs), auxin transport (PINs), auxin response factors (ARFs), and members of the IAA family (IAAs) were all downregulated in the rab7 mutant, indicating its impact on auxin signaling and distribution. In summary, these findings underscore the importance of OsRab7 in rice pollen development and its potential link to cytoplasmic male sterility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suping Ying
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Gene Engineering of Jiangxi Province, College of Life Sciences, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China
| | - Yunting Tang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Gene Engineering of Jiangxi Province, College of Life Sciences, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China
| | - Wei Yang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Gene Engineering of Jiangxi Province, College of Life Sciences, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China
| | - Zhao Hu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Gene Engineering of Jiangxi Province, College of Life Sciences, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China
| | - Ruifeng Huang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Gene Engineering of Jiangxi Province, College of Life Sciences, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China
| | - Jie Ding
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Gene Engineering of Jiangxi Province, College of Life Sciences, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China
| | - Xiangyun Yi
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Gene Engineering of Jiangxi Province, College of Life Sciences, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China
| | - Jiawei Niu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Gene Engineering of Jiangxi Province, College of Life Sciences, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China
| | - Zihan Chen
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Gene Engineering of Jiangxi Province, College of Life Sciences, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China
| | - Ting Wang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, United States
| | - Wei Liu
- Rice Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China.
| | - Xiaojue Peng
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Gene Engineering of Jiangxi Province, College of Life Sciences, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China.
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2
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Rajappa S, Krishnamurthy P, Huang H, Yu D, Friml J, Xu J, Kumar PP. The translocation of a chloride channel from the Golgi to the plasma membrane helps plants adapt to salt stress. Nat Commun 2024; 15:3978. [PMID: 38729926 PMCID: PMC11087495 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-48234-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
A key mechanism employed by plants to adapt to salinity stress involves maintaining ion homeostasis via the actions of ion transporters. While the function of cation transporters in maintaining ion homeostasis in plants has been extensively studied, little is known about the roles of their anion counterparts in this process. Here, we describe a mechanism of salt adaptation in plants. We characterized the chloride channel (CLC) gene AtCLCf, whose expression is regulated by WRKY transcription factor under salt stress in Arabidopsis thaliana. Loss-of-function atclcf seedlings show increased sensitivity to salt, whereas AtCLCf overexpression confers enhanced resistance to salt stress. Salt stress induces the translocation of GFP-AtCLCf fusion protein to the plasma membrane (PM). Blocking AtCLCf translocation using the exocytosis inhibitor brefeldin-A or mutating the small GTPase gene AtRABA1b/BEX5 (RAS GENES FROM RAT BRAINA1b homolog) increases salt sensitivity in plants. Electrophysiology and liposome-based assays confirm the Cl-/H+ antiport function of AtCLCf. Therefore, we have uncovered a mechanism of plant adaptation to salt stress involving the NaCl-induced translocation of AtCLCf to the PM, thus facilitating Cl- removal at the roots, and increasing the plant's salinity tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sivamathini Rajappa
- Department of Biological Sciences and Research Centre on Sustainable Urban Farming, National University of Singapore, 14 Science Drive 4, Singapore, 117543, Singapore
| | - Pannaga Krishnamurthy
- Department of Biological Sciences and Research Centre on Sustainable Urban Farming, National University of Singapore, 14 Science Drive 4, Singapore, 117543, Singapore
- NUS Environmental Research Institute, National University of Singapore, #02-01, T-Lab Building, 5A Engineering Drive 1, Singapore, 117411, Singapore
| | - Hua Huang
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117597, Singapore
- Electrophysiology Core Facility, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117456, Singapore
- Healthy Longevity Translational Research Program, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore: Level 5, Centre for Life Sciences, 28 Medical Drive, Singapore, 117456, Singapore
- Cardiovascular Diseases Program, National University of Singapore, 14 Medical Drive, MD6, #08-01, Singapore, 117599, Singapore
| | - Dejie Yu
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117597, Singapore
- Electrophysiology Core Facility, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117456, Singapore
- Healthy Longevity Translational Research Program, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore: Level 5, Centre for Life Sciences, 28 Medical Drive, Singapore, 117456, Singapore
- Cardiovascular Diseases Program, National University of Singapore, 14 Medical Drive, MD6, #08-01, Singapore, 117599, Singapore
| | - Jiří Friml
- Institute of Science and Technology Austria (IST Austria) Am Campus 1, 3400, Klosterneuburg, Austria
| | - Jian Xu
- Department of Plant Systems Physiology, Radboud Institute for Biological and Environmental Sciences, Radboud University, Huygens Building, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6500 AJ, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Prakash P Kumar
- Department of Biological Sciences and Research Centre on Sustainable Urban Farming, National University of Singapore, 14 Science Drive 4, Singapore, 117543, Singapore.
- NUS Environmental Research Institute, National University of Singapore, #02-01, T-Lab Building, 5A Engineering Drive 1, Singapore, 117411, Singapore.
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Kulich I, Schmid J, Teplova A, Qi L, Friml J. Rapid translocation of NGR proteins driving polarization of PIN-activating D6 protein kinase during root gravitropism. eLife 2024; 12:RP91523. [PMID: 38441122 PMCID: PMC10942638 DOI: 10.7554/elife.91523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Root gravitropic bending represents a fundamental aspect of terrestrial plant physiology. Gravity is perceived by sedimentation of starch-rich plastids (statoliths) to the bottom of the central root cap cells. Following gravity perception, intercellular auxin transport is redirected downwards leading to an asymmetric auxin accumulation at the lower root side causing inhibition of cell expansion, ultimately resulting in downwards bending. How gravity-induced statoliths repositioning is translated into asymmetric auxin distribution remains unclear despite PIN auxin efflux carriers and the Negative Gravitropic Response of roots (NGR) proteins polarize along statolith sedimentation, thus providing a plausible mechanism for auxin flow redirection. In this study, using a functional NGR1-GFP construct, we visualized the NGR1 localization on the statolith surface and plasma membrane (PM) domains in close proximity to the statoliths, correlating with their movements. We determined that NGR1 binding to these PM domains is indispensable for NGR1 functionality and relies on cysteine acylation and adjacent polybasic regions as well as on lipid and sterol PM composition. Detailed timing of the early events following graviperception suggested that both NGR1 repolarization and initial auxin asymmetry precede the visible PIN3 polarization. This discrepancy motivated us to unveil a rapid, NGR-dependent translocation of PIN-activating AGCVIII kinase D6PK towards lower PMs of gravity-perceiving cells, thus providing an attractive model for rapid redirection of auxin fluxes following gravistimulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Kulich
- Institute of Science and Technology AustriaKlosterneuburgAustria
| | - Julia Schmid
- Institute of Science and Technology AustriaKlosterneuburgAustria
| | | | - Linlin Qi
- Institute of Science and Technology AustriaKlosterneuburgAustria
| | - Jiří Friml
- Institute of Science and Technology AustriaKlosterneuburgAustria
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Adamowski M, Matijević I, Friml J. Developmental patterning function of GNOM ARF-GEF mediated from the cell periphery. eLife 2024; 13:e68993. [PMID: 38381485 PMCID: PMC10881123 DOI: 10.7554/elife.68993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024] Open
Abstract
The GNOM (GN) Guanine nucleotide Exchange Factor for ARF small GTPases (ARF-GEF) is among the best studied trafficking regulators in plants, playing crucial and unique developmental roles in patterning and polarity. The current models place GN at the Golgi apparatus (GA), where it mediates secretion/recycling, and at the plasma membrane (PM) presumably contributing to clathrin-mediated endocytosis (CME). The mechanistic basis of the developmental function of GN, distinct from the other ARF-GEFs including its closest homologue GNOM-LIKE1 (GNL1), remains elusive. Insights from this study largely extend the current notions of GN function. We show that GN, but not GNL1, localizes to the cell periphery at long-lived structures distinct from clathrin-coated pits, while CME and secretion proceed normally in gn knockouts. The functional GN mutant variant GNfewerroots, absent from the GA, suggests that the cell periphery is the major site of GN action responsible for its developmental function. Following inhibition by Brefeldin A, GN, but not GNL1, relocates to the PM likely on exocytic vesicles, suggesting selective molecular associations en route to the cell periphery. A study of GN-GNL1 chimeric ARF-GEFs indicates that all GN domains contribute to the specific GN function in a partially redundant manner. Together, this study offers significant steps toward the elucidation of the mechanism underlying unique cellular and development functions of GNOM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maciek Adamowski
- Institute of Science and Technology AustriaKlosterneuburgAustria
- Plant Breeding and Acclimatization Institute – National Research InstituteBłoniePoland
| | - Ivana Matijević
- Institute of Science and Technology AustriaKlosterneuburgAustria
| | - Jiří Friml
- Institute of Science and Technology AustriaKlosterneuburgAustria
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5
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Tang H, Lu KJ, Zhang Y, Cheng YL, Tu SL, Friml J. Divergence of trafficking and polarization mechanisms for PIN auxin transporters during land plant evolution. PLANT COMMUNICATIONS 2024; 5:100669. [PMID: 37528584 PMCID: PMC10811345 DOI: 10.1016/j.xplc.2023.100669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Revised: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/30/2023] [Indexed: 08/03/2023]
Abstract
The phytohormone auxin, and its directional transport through tissues, plays a fundamental role in the development of higher plants. This polar auxin transport predominantly relies on PIN-FORMED (PIN) auxin exporters. Hence, PIN polarization is crucial for development, but its evolution during the rise of morphological complexity in land plants remains unclear. Here, we performed a cross-species investigation by observing the trafficking and localization of endogenous and exogenous PINs in two bryophytes, Physcomitrium patens and Marchantia polymorpha, and in the flowering plant Arabidopsis thaliana. We confirmed that the GFP fusion did not compromise the auxin export function of all examined PINs by using a radioactive auxin export assay and by observing the phenotypic changes in transgenic bryophytes. Endogenous PINs polarize to filamentous apices, while exogenous Arabidopsis PINs distribute symmetrically on the membrane in both bryophytes. In the Arabidopsis root epidermis, bryophytic PINs have no defined polarity. Pharmacological interference revealed a strong cytoskeletal dependence of bryophytic but not Arabidopsis PIN polarization. The divergence of PIN polarization and trafficking is also observed within the bryophyte clade and between tissues of individual species. These results collectively reveal the divergence of PIN trafficking and polarity mechanisms throughout land plant evolution and the co-evolution of PIN sequence-based and cell-based polarity mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Tang
- Institute of Science and Technology Austria (ISTA), Am Campus 1, 3400 Klosterneuburg, Austria
| | - Kuan-Ju Lu
- Graduate Institute of Biotechnology, National Chung Hsing University, No. 145, Xingda Rd., South Dist., Taichung 40227, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - YuZhou Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Shaanxi, Yangling, China
| | - You-Liang Cheng
- Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology, Academia Sinica, 128 Sec. 2, Academia Rd, Nankang, Taipei 11529, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Shih-Long Tu
- Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology, Academia Sinica, 128 Sec. 2, Academia Rd, Nankang, Taipei 11529, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Jiří Friml
- Institute of Science and Technology Austria (ISTA), Am Campus 1, 3400 Klosterneuburg, Austria.
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Zhang T, Zhang S, Yang S, Zhang J, Wang J, Teng HH. Arabidopsis seedlings respond differentially to nutrient efficacy of three rock meals by regulating root architecture and endogenous auxin homeostasis. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2023; 23:609. [PMID: 38036956 PMCID: PMC10691044 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-023-04612-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Plants show developmental plasticity with variations in environmental nutrients. Considering low-cost rock dust has been identified as a potential alternative to artificial fertilizers for more sustainable agriculture, the growth responses of Arabidopsis seedlings on three rock meals (basalt, granite, and marlstone) were examined for the different foraging behavior, biomass accumulation, and root architecture. RESULTS Compared to ½ MS medium, basalt and granite meal increased primary root length by 13% and 38%, respectively, but marlstone caused a 66% decrease, and they all drastically reduced initiation and elongation of lateral roots but lengthened root hairs. Simultaneous supply of organic nutrients and trace elements increased fresh weight due to the increased length of primary roots and root hairs. When nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and potassium (K) were supplied individually, N proved most effective in improving fresh weight of seedlings growing on basalt and granite, whereas K, followed by P, was most effective for those growing on marlstone. Unexpectedly, the addition of N to marlstone negatively affected seedling growth, which was associated with repressed auxin biosynthesis in roots. CONCLUSIONS Our data indicate that plants can recognize and adapt to complex mineral deficiency by adjusting hormonal homeostasis to achieve environmental sensitivity and developmental plasticity, which provide a basis for ecologically sound and sustainable strategies to maximize the use of natural resources and reduce the production of artificial fertilizers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianjiao Zhang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Weijin Rd. 92, Nankai District, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Sainan Zhang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Weijin Rd. 92, Nankai District, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Shaohui Yang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Weijin Rd. 92, Nankai District, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Jianchao Zhang
- School of Earth System Science, Institute of Surface-Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Weijin Rd. 92, Nankai District, Tianjin, 300072, China.
| | - Jiehua Wang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Weijin Rd. 92, Nankai District, Tianjin, 300072, China.
| | - H Henry Teng
- School of Earth System Science, Institute of Surface-Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Weijin Rd. 92, Nankai District, Tianjin, 300072, China
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Zhu Y, Zhao Q, Cao W, Huang S, Ji C, Zhang W, Trujillo M, Shen J, Jiang L. The plant-unique protein DRIF1 coordinates with sorting nexin 1 to regulate membrane protein homeostasis. THE PLANT CELL 2023; 35:4217-4237. [PMID: 37647529 PMCID: PMC10689196 DOI: 10.1093/plcell/koad227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Revised: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
Membrane protein homeostasis is fine-tuned by the cellular pathways for vacuolar degradation and recycling, which ultimately facilitate plant growth and cell-environment interactions. The endosomal sorting complex required for transport (ESCRT) machinery plays important roles in regulating intraluminal vesicle (ILV) formation and membrane protein sorting to vacuoles. We previously showed that the plant-specific ESCRT component FYVE DOMAIN PROTEIN REQUIRED FOR ENDOSOMAL SORTING1 (FREE1) performs multiple functions in plants, although the underlying mechanisms remain elusive. In this study, we performed a suppressor screen of the FREE1-RNAi mutant and identified and characterized 2 suppressor of free1 (sof) mutants in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana). These mutants, sof10 and sof641, result in a premature stop codon or a missense mutation in AT5G10370, respectively. This gene was named DEAH and RING domain-containing protein as FREE1 suppressor 1 (DRIF1). DRIF1 has a homologous gene, DRIF2, in the Arabidopsis genome with 95% identity to DRIF1. The embryos of drif1 drif2 mutants arrested at the globular stage and formed enlarged multivesicular bodies (MVBs) with an increased number of ILVs. DRIF1 is a membrane-associated protein that coordinates with retromer component sorting nexin 1 to regulate PIN-FORMED2 recycling to the plasma membrane. Altogether, our data demonstrate that DRIF1 is a unique retromer interactor that orchestrates FREE1-mediated ILV formation of MVBs and vacuolar sorting of membrane proteins for degradation in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Zhu
- School of Life Sciences, Centre for Cell & Developmental Biology and State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, China
| | - Qiong Zhao
- School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China
| | - Wenhan Cao
- School of Life Sciences, Centre for Cell & Developmental Biology and State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, China
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Shuxian Huang
- School of Life Sciences, Centre for Cell & Developmental Biology and State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, China
| | - Changyang Ji
- School of Life Sciences, Centre for Cell & Developmental Biology and State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, China
| | - Wenxin Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Centre for Cell & Developmental Biology and State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, China
| | - Marco Trujillo
- RWTH Aachen University, Institute for Biology 3, Aachen 52074, Germany
| | - Jinbo Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Liwen Jiang
- School of Life Sciences, Centre for Cell & Developmental Biology and State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, China
- Institute of Plant Molecular Biology and Agricultural Biotechnology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, China
- CUHK Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen 518057, China
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8
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Cui X, Zou M, Li J. Basally distributed actin array drives embryonic hypocotyl elongation during the seed-to-seedling transition in Arabidopsis. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2023; 240:191-206. [PMID: 37537721 DOI: 10.1111/nph.19149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023]
Abstract
Seed germination is a vital developmental transition for the production of progeny by sexual reproduction in spermatophytes. The seed-to-seedling transition is predominately driven by hypocotyl cell elongation. However, the mechanism that underlies hypocotyl growth remains largely unknown. In this study, we characterized the actin array reorganization in embryonic hypocotyl epidermal cells. Live-cell imaging revealed a basally organized actin array formed during hypocotyl cell elongation. This polarized actin assembly is a barrel-shaped network, which comprises a backbone of longitudinally aligned actin cables and a fine actin cap linking these cables. We provide genetic evidence that the basal actin array formation requires formin-mediated actin polymerization and directional movement of actin filaments powered by myosin XIs. In fh1-1 and xi3ko mutants, actin filaments failed to reorganize into the basal actin array, and the hypocotyl cell elongation was inhibited compared with wild-type plants. Collectively, our work uncovers the molecular mechanisms for basal actin array assembly and demonstrates the connection between actin polarization and hypocotyl elongation during seed-to-seedling transition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Cui
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Gene Resource and Molecular Development, College of Life Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Minxia Zou
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Gene Resource and Molecular Development, College of Life Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Jiejie Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Gene Resource and Molecular Development, College of Life Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
- Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Regulation of Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
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9
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Pukyšová V, Sans Sánchez A, Rudolf J, Nodzyński T, Zwiewka M. Arabidopsis flippase ALA3 is required for adjustment of early subcellular trafficking in plant response to osmotic stress. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2023; 74:4959-4977. [PMID: 37353222 PMCID: PMC10498020 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erad234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/25/2023]
Abstract
To compensate for their sessile lifestyle, plants developed several responses to exogenous changes. One of the previously investigated and not yet fully understood adaptations occurs at the level of early subcellular trafficking, which needs to be rapidly adjusted to maintain cellular homeostasis and membrane integrity under osmotic stress conditions. To form a vesicle, the membrane needs to be deformed, which is ensured by multiple factors, including the activity of specific membrane proteins, such as flippases from the family of P4-ATPases. The membrane pumps actively translocate phospholipids from the exoplasmic/luminal to the cytoplasmic membrane leaflet to generate curvature, which might be coupled with recruitment of proteins involved in vesicle formation at specific sites of the donor membrane. We show that lack of the AMINOPHOSPHOLIPID ATPASE3 (ALA3) flippase activity caused defects at the plasma membrane and trans-Golgi network, resulting in altered endocytosis and secretion, processes relying on vesicle formation and movement. The mentioned cellular defects were translated into decreased intracellular trafficking flexibility failing to adjust the root growth on osmotic stress-eliciting media. In conclusion, we show that ALA3 cooperates with ARF-GEF BIG5/BEN1 and ARF1A1C/BEX1 in a similar regulatory pathway to vesicle formation, and together they are important for plant adaptation to osmotic stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vendula Pukyšová
- Mendel Centre for Plant Genomics and Proteomics, Central European Institute of Technology (CEITEC), Masaryk University (MU), Kamenice 5, CZ 625 00, Brno, Czech Republic
- National Centre for Biomolecular Research, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Adrià Sans Sánchez
- Mendel Centre for Plant Genomics and Proteomics, Central European Institute of Technology (CEITEC), Masaryk University (MU), Kamenice 5, CZ 625 00, Brno, Czech Republic
- National Centre for Biomolecular Research, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jiří Rudolf
- Mendel Centre for Plant Genomics and Proteomics, Central European Institute of Technology (CEITEC), Masaryk University (MU), Kamenice 5, CZ 625 00, Brno, Czech Republic
- National Centre for Biomolecular Research, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
- Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Tomasz Nodzyński
- Mendel Centre for Plant Genomics and Proteomics, Central European Institute of Technology (CEITEC), Masaryk University (MU), Kamenice 5, CZ 625 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Marta Zwiewka
- Mendel Centre for Plant Genomics and Proteomics, Central European Institute of Technology (CEITEC), Masaryk University (MU), Kamenice 5, CZ 625 00, Brno, Czech Republic
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10
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Scarpella E. Axes and polarities in leaf vein formation. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 193:112-124. [PMID: 37261944 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiad321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Revised: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
For multicellular organisms to develop, cells must grow, divide, and differentiate along preferential or exclusive orientations or directions. Moreover, those orientations, or axes, and directions, or polarities, must be coordinated between cells within and between tissues. Therefore, how axes and polarities are coordinated between cells is a key question in biology. In animals, such coordination mainly depends on cell migration and direct interaction between proteins protruding from the plasma membrane. Both cell movements and direct cell-cell interactions are prevented in plants by cell walls that surround plant cells and keep them apart and in place. Therefore, plants have evolved unique mechanisms to coordinate their cell axes and polarities. Here I will discuss evidence suggesting that understanding how leaf veins form may uncover those unique mechanisms. Indeed, unlike previously thought, the cell-to-cell polar transport of the plant hormone auxin along developing veins cannot account for many features of vein patterning. Instead, those features can be accounted for by models of vein patterning that combine polar auxin transport with auxin diffusion through plasmodesmata along the axis of developing veins. Though it remains unclear whether such a combination of polar transport and axial diffusion of auxin can account for the formation of the variety of vein patterns found in plant leaves, evidence suggests that such a combined mechanism may control plant developmental processes beyond vein patterning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enrico Scarpella
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, CW-405 Biological Sciences Building, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E9, Canada
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11
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Pereira C, Vieira V, Pissarra J, Pereira S. The journey of cardosin A in young Arabidopsis seedlings leads to evidence of a Golgi-independent pathway to the protein storage vacuole. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1085898. [PMID: 37484453 PMCID: PMC10360190 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1085898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023]
Abstract
The aspartic proteinase cardosin A is a vacuolar enzyme found to accumulate in protein storage and lytic vacuoles in the flowers and protein bodies in the seeds of the native plant cardoon. Cardosin A was first isolated several decades ago and has since been extensively characterized, both in terms of tissue distribution and enzyme biochemistry. In the native system, several roles have been attributed to cardosin A, such as reproduction, reserve mobilization, and membrane remodeling. To participate in such diverse events, cardosin A must accumulate and travel to different compartments within the cell: protein storage vacuoles, lytic vacuoles, and the cytoplasmic membrane (and eventually outside the cell). Several studies have approached the expression of cardosin A in Arabidopsis thaliana and Nicotiana tabacum with promising results for the use of these systems to study of cardosin A trafficking. A poly-sorting mechanism has been uncovered for this protein, as two different vacuolar sorting determinants, mediating different vacuolar routes, have been described. The first is a conventional C-terminal domain, which delivers the protein to the vacuole via the Golgi, and the second is a more unconventional signal-the plant-specific insert (PSI)-that mediates a Golgi-independent route. The hypothesis that these two signals are activated according to cell needs and in organs with high metabolic activity is investigated here. An Arabidopsis line expressing cardosin A under an inducible promoter was used to understand the dynamics of cardosin A regarding vacuolar accumulation during seed germination events. Using antibodies against different regions of the protein and combining them with immunofluorescence and immunocytochemistry assays in different young seedling tissues, cardosin A was detected along the secretory pathway to the protein storage vacuole, often associated with the endoplasmic reticulum. More interestingly, upon treatment with the drug Brefeldin A, cardosin A was still detected in protein storage vacuoles, indicating that the intact protein can bypass the Golgi in this system, contrary to what was observed in N. tabacum. This study is a good starting point for further research involving the use of fluorescent fusions and exploring in more detail the relationship between cardosin A trafficking and plant development.
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Jiang L, Yao B, Zhang X, Wu L, Fu Q, Zhao Y, Cao Y, Zhu R, Lu X, Huang W, Zhao J, Li K, Zhao S, Han L, Zhou X, Luo C, Zhu H, Yang J, Huang H, Zhu Z, He X, Friml J, Zhang Z, Liu C, Du Y. Salicylic acid inhibits rice endocytic protein trafficking mediated by OsPIN3t and clathrin to affect root growth. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2023; 115:155-174. [PMID: 37025008 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.16218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2022] [Revised: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Salicylic acid (SA) plays important roles in different aspects of plant development, including root growth, where auxin is also a major player by means of its asymmetric distribution. However, the mechanism underlying the effect of SA on the development of rice roots remains poorly understood. Here, we show that SA inhibits rice root growth by interfering with auxin transport associated with the OsPIN3t- and clathrin-mediated gene regulatory network (GRN). SA inhibits root growth as well as Brefeldin A-sensitive trafficking through a non-canonical SA signaling mechanism. Transcriptome analysis of rice seedlings treated with SA revealed that the OsPIN3t auxin transporter is at the center of a GRN involving the coat protein clathrin. The root growth and endocytic trafficking in both the pin3t and clathrin heavy chain mutants were SA insensitivity. SA inhibitory effect on the endocytosis of OsPIN3t was dependent on clathrin; however, the root growth and endocytic trafficking mediated by tyrphostin A23 (TyrA23) were independent of the pin3t mutant under SA treatment. These data reveal that SA affects rice root growth through the convergence of transcriptional and non-SA signaling mechanisms involving OsPIN3t-mediated auxin transport and clathrin-mediated trafficking as key components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lihui Jiang
- College of Plant Protection, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, China
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, China
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Biodiversity and Pest Management of Education Ministry of China, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, China
| | - Baolin Yao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Plant Resources and Sustainable Use, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Menglun, Mengla, 666303, Yunnan, China
| | - Xiaoyan Zhang
- College of Plant Protection, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, China
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, China
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Biodiversity and Pest Management of Education Ministry of China, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, China
| | - Lixia Wu
- College of Plant Protection, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, China
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, China
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Biodiversity and Pest Management of Education Ministry of China, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, China
- National Engineering Laboratory for Tree Breeding, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Qijing Fu
- College of Plant Protection, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, China
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, China
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Biodiversity and Pest Management of Education Ministry of China, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, China
| | - Yiting Zhao
- College of Plant Protection, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, China
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, China
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Biodiversity and Pest Management of Education Ministry of China, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, China
- Shanxi Agricultural University/Shanxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, The Industrial Crop Institute, Fenyang, 032200, China
| | - Yuxin Cao
- Key Lab of Agricultural Biotechnology of Yunnan Province, Biotechnology and Germplasm Resources Research Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming, 650205, Yunnan, China
| | - Ruomeng Zhu
- Key Lab of Agricultural Biotechnology of Yunnan Province, Biotechnology and Germplasm Resources Research Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming, 650205, Yunnan, China
| | - Xinqi Lu
- College of Plant Protection, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, China
| | - Wuying Huang
- College of Plant Protection, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, China
| | - Jianping Zhao
- College of Plant Protection, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, China
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, China
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Biodiversity and Pest Management of Education Ministry of China, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, China
| | - Kuixiu Li
- College of Plant Protection, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, China
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, China
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Biodiversity and Pest Management of Education Ministry of China, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, China
| | - Shuanglu Zhao
- College of Plant Protection, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, China
| | - Li Han
- College of Plant Protection, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, China
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, China
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Biodiversity and Pest Management of Education Ministry of China, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, China
| | - Xuan Zhou
- College of Plant Protection, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, China
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, China
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Biodiversity and Pest Management of Education Ministry of China, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, China
| | - Chongyu Luo
- College of Plant Protection, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, China
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, China
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Biodiversity and Pest Management of Education Ministry of China, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, China
| | - Haiyan Zhu
- College of Plant Protection, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, China
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, China
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Biodiversity and Pest Management of Education Ministry of China, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, China
| | - Jing Yang
- College of Plant Protection, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, China
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, China
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Biodiversity and Pest Management of Education Ministry of China, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, China
| | - Huichuan Huang
- College of Plant Protection, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, China
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, China
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Biodiversity and Pest Management of Education Ministry of China, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, China
| | - Zhengge Zhu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Hebei Collaboration Innovation Center for Cell Signaling and Environmental Adaptation, Hebei Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, 050024, China
| | - Xiahong He
- College of Plant Protection, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, China
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, China
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Biodiversity and Pest Management of Education Ministry of China, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, China
| | - Jiří Friml
- Institute of Science and Technology Austria (IST Austria), Klosterneuburg, Austria
| | - Zhongkai Zhang
- Key Lab of Agricultural Biotechnology of Yunnan Province, Biotechnology and Germplasm Resources Research Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming, 650205, Yunnan, China
| | - Changning Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Plant Resources and Sustainable Use, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Menglun, Mengla, 666303, Yunnan, China
- Center of Economic Botany, Core Botanical Gardens, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Menglun, Mengla, 666303, Yunnan, China
- The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Menglun, Mengla, 666303, Yunnan, China
| | - Yunlong Du
- College of Plant Protection, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, China
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, China
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Biodiversity and Pest Management of Education Ministry of China, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, China
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13
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Park M, Mayer U, Richter S, Jürgens G. NSF/αSNAP2-mediated cis-SNARE complex disassembly precedes vesicle fusion in Arabidopsis cytokinesis. NATURE PLANTS 2023; 9:889-897. [PMID: 37264150 DOI: 10.1038/s41477-023-01427-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Eukaryotic membrane fusion requires trans-SNARE complexes bridging the gap between adjacent membranes1. Fusion between a transport vesicle and its target membrane transforms the trans- into a cis-SNARE complex. The latter interacts with the hexameric AAA+-ATPase N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor (NSF) and its co-factor alpha-soluble NSF attachment protein (αSNAP), forming a 20S complex2,3. ATPase activity disassembles the SNAP receptor (SNARE) complex into Qa-SNARE, which folds back onto itself, and its partners4,5. The fusion of identical membranes has a different sequence of events6. The fusion partners each have cis-SNARE complexes to be broken up by NSF and αSNAP. The Qa-SNARE monomers are then stabilized by interaction with Sec1/Munc18-type regulators (SM proteins) to form trans-SNARE complexes, as shown for the yeast vacuole7. Membrane fusion in Arabidopsis cytokinesis is formally akin to vacuolar fusion8. Membrane vesicles fuse with one another to form the partitioning membrane known as the cell plate. Cis-SNARE complexes of cytokinesis-specific Qa-SNARE KNOLLE and its SNARE partners are assembled at the endoplasmic reticulum and delivered by traffic via the Golgi/trans-Golgi network to the cell division plane9. The SM protein KEULE is required for the formation of trans-SNARE complexes between adjacent membrane vesicles10. Here we identify NSF and its adaptor αSNAP2 as necessary for the disassembly of KNOLLE cis-SNARE complexes, which is a prerequisite for KNOLLE-KEULE interaction in cytokinesis. In addition, we show that NSF is required for other trafficking pathways and interacts with the respective Q-SNAREs. The SNARE complex disassembly machinery is conserved in plants and plays a unique essential role in cytokinesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Misoon Park
- ZMBP, Developmental Genetics, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Ulrike Mayer
- ZMBP, Developmental Genetics, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Sandra Richter
- ZMBP, Microscopy, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Gerd Jürgens
- ZMBP, Developmental Genetics, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.
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14
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Lepri A, Longo C, Messore A, Kazmi H, Madia VN, Di Santo R, Costi R, Vittorioso P. Plants and Small Molecules: An Up-and-Coming Synergy. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:1729. [PMID: 37111951 PMCID: PMC10145415 DOI: 10.3390/plants12081729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2023] [Revised: 04/16/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
The emergence of Arabidopsis thaliana as a model system has led to a rapid and wide improvement in molecular genetics techniques for studying gene function and regulation. However, there are still several drawbacks that cannot be easily solved with molecular genetic approaches, such as the study of unfriendly species, which are of increasing agronomic interest but are not easily transformed, thus are not prone to many molecular techniques. Chemical genetics represents a methodology able to fill this gap. Chemical genetics lies between chemistry and biology and relies on small molecules to phenocopy genetic mutations addressing specific targets. Advances in recent decades have greatly improved both target specificity and activity, expanding the application of this approach to any biological process. As for classical genetics, chemical genetics also proceeds with a forward or reverse approach depending on the nature of the study. In this review, we addressed this topic in the study of plant photomorphogenesis, stress responses and epigenetic processes. We have dealt with some cases of repurposing compounds whose activity has been previously proven in human cells and, conversely, studies where plants have been a tool for the characterization of small molecules. In addition, we delved into the chemical synthesis and improvement of some of the compounds described.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Lepri
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology “Charles Darwin”, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy; (A.L.); (C.L.); (H.K.)
| | - C. Longo
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology “Charles Darwin”, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy; (A.L.); (C.L.); (H.K.)
| | - A. Messore
- Department of Chemistry and Technology of Drug, Istituto Pasteur Italia—Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy; (A.M.); (V.N.M.); (R.D.S.); (R.C.)
| | - H. Kazmi
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology “Charles Darwin”, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy; (A.L.); (C.L.); (H.K.)
| | - V. N. Madia
- Department of Chemistry and Technology of Drug, Istituto Pasteur Italia—Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy; (A.M.); (V.N.M.); (R.D.S.); (R.C.)
| | - R. Di Santo
- Department of Chemistry and Technology of Drug, Istituto Pasteur Italia—Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy; (A.M.); (V.N.M.); (R.D.S.); (R.C.)
| | - R. Costi
- Department of Chemistry and Technology of Drug, Istituto Pasteur Italia—Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy; (A.M.); (V.N.M.); (R.D.S.); (R.C.)
| | - P. Vittorioso
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology “Charles Darwin”, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy; (A.L.); (C.L.); (H.K.)
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El Houari I, Klíma P, Baekelandt A, Staswick PE, Uzunova V, Del Genio CI, Steenackers W, Dobrev PI, Filepová R, Novák O, Napier R, Petrášek J, Inzé D, Boerjan W, Vanholme B. Non-specific effects of the CINNAMATE-4-HYDROXYLASE inhibitor piperonylic acid. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2023. [PMID: 37036146 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.16237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2022] [Revised: 03/25/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Chemical inhibitors are often implemented for the functional characterization of genes to overcome the limitations associated with genetic approaches. Although it is well established that the specificity of the compound is key to success of a pharmacological approach, off-target effects are often overlooked or simply neglected in a complex biological setting. Here we illustrate the cause and implications of such secondary effects by focusing on piperonylic acid (PA), an inhibitor of CINNAMATE-4-HYDROXYLASE (C4H) that is frequently used to investigate the involvement of lignin during plant growth and development. When supplied to plants, we found that PA is recognized as a substrate by GRETCHEN HAGEN 3.6 (GH3.6), an amido synthetase involved in the formation of the indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) conjugate IAA-Asp. By competing for the same enzyme, PA interferes with IAA conjugation, resulting in an increase in IAA concentrations in the plant. In line with the broad substrate specificity of the GH3 family of enzymes, treatment with PA increased not only IAA levels but also those of other GH3-conjugated phytohormones, namely jasmonic acid and salicylic acid. Finally, we found that interference with the endogenous function of GH3s potentially contributes to phenotypes previously observed upon PA treatment. We conclude that deregulation of phytohormone homeostasis by surrogate occupation of the conjugation machinery in the plant is likely a general phenomenon when using chemical inhibitors. Our results hereby provide a novel and important basis for future reference in studies using chemical inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilias El Houari
- Ghent University, Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Technologiepark 71, B-9052, Ghent, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, Technologiepark 71, B-9052, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Petr Klíma
- The Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Experimental Botany, Rozvojová 263, 165 02, Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Alexandra Baekelandt
- Ghent University, Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Technologiepark 71, B-9052, Ghent, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, Technologiepark 71, B-9052, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Paul E Staswick
- Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska, USA
| | - Veselina Uzunova
- School of Life Sciences, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK
| | - Charo I Del Genio
- Centre for Fluid and Complex Systems, School of Computing, Electronics and Mathematics, Coventry University, Prior Street, Coventry, CV1 5FB, UK
| | - Ward Steenackers
- Ghent University, Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Technologiepark 71, B-9052, Ghent, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, Technologiepark 71, B-9052, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Petre I Dobrev
- The Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Experimental Botany, Rozvojová 263, 165 02, Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Roberta Filepová
- The Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Experimental Botany, Rozvojová 263, 165 02, Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Ondrej Novák
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Faculty of Science of Palacký University & Institute of Experimental Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Šlechtitelů 27, CZ-78371, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Richard Napier
- School of Life Sciences, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK
| | - Jan Petrášek
- The Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Experimental Botany, Rozvojová 263, 165 02, Prague 6, Czech Republic
- Department of Experimental Plant Biology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Viničná 5, 128 43, Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Dirk Inzé
- Ghent University, Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Technologiepark 71, B-9052, Ghent, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, Technologiepark 71, B-9052, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Wout Boerjan
- Ghent University, Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Technologiepark 71, B-9052, Ghent, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, Technologiepark 71, B-9052, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Bartel Vanholme
- Ghent University, Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Technologiepark 71, B-9052, Ghent, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, Technologiepark 71, B-9052, Ghent, Belgium
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16
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Tao L, Xiao X, Huang Q, Zhu H, Feng Y, Li Y, Li X, Guo Z, Liu J, Wu F, Pirayesh N, Mahmud S, Shen RF, Shabala S, Baluška F, Shi L, Yu M. Boron supply restores aluminum-blocked auxin transport by the modulation of PIN2 trafficking in the root apical transition zone. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2023; 114:176-192. [PMID: 36721978 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.16129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Revised: 01/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The supply of boron (B) alleviates the toxic effects of aluminum (Al) on root growth; however, the mechanistic basis of this process remains elusive. This study filled this knowledge gap, demonstrating that boron modifies auxin distribution and transport in Al-exposed Arabidopsis roots. In B-deprived roots, treatment with Al induced an increase in auxin content in the root apical meristem zone (MZ) and transition zone (TZ), whereas in the elongation zone (EZ) the auxin content was decreased beyond the level required for adequate growth. These distribution patterns are explained by the fact that basipetal auxin transport from the TZ to the EZ was disrupted by Al-inhibited PIN-FORMED 2 (PIN2) endocytosis. Experiments involving the modulation of protein biosynthesis by cycloheximide (CHX) and transcriptional regulation by cordycepin (COR) demonstrated that the Al-induced increase of PIN2 membrane proteins was dependent upon the inhibition of PIN2 endocytosis, rather than on the transcriptional regulation of the PIN2 gene. Experiments reporting on the profiling of Al3+ and PIN2 proteins revealed that the inhibition of endocytosis of PIN2 proteins was the result of Al-induced limitation of the fluidity of the plasma membrane. The supply of B mediated the turnover of PIN2 endosomes conjugated with indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), and thus restored the Al-induced inhibition of IAA transport through the TZ to the EZ. Overall, the reported results demonstrate that boron supply mediates PIN2 endosome-based auxin transport to alleviate Al toxicity in plant roots.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Tao
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
- International Research Center for Environmental Membrane Biology and Department of Horticulture, Foshan University, Foshan, 528000, China
- Microelement Research Center/Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Xiaoyi Xiao
- International Research Center for Environmental Membrane Biology and Department of Horticulture, Foshan University, Foshan, 528000, China
| | - Qiuyu Huang
- International Research Center for Environmental Membrane Biology and Department of Horticulture, Foshan University, Foshan, 528000, China
| | - Hu Zhu
- International Research Center for Environmental Membrane Biology and Department of Horticulture, Foshan University, Foshan, 528000, China
| | - Yingming Feng
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
- International Research Center for Environmental Membrane Biology and Department of Horticulture, Foshan University, Foshan, 528000, China
- Microelement Research Center/Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Yalin Li
- International Research Center for Environmental Membrane Biology and Department of Horticulture, Foshan University, Foshan, 528000, China
| | - Xuewen Li
- International Research Center for Environmental Membrane Biology and Department of Horticulture, Foshan University, Foshan, 528000, China
| | - Zhishan Guo
- International Research Center for Environmental Membrane Biology and Department of Horticulture, Foshan University, Foshan, 528000, China
| | - Jiayou Liu
- International Research Center for Environmental Membrane Biology and Department of Horticulture, Foshan University, Foshan, 528000, China
| | - Feihua Wu
- International Research Center for Environmental Membrane Biology and Department of Horticulture, Foshan University, Foshan, 528000, China
| | - Niloufar Pirayesh
- Institute of Cellular and Molecular Botany, University of Bonn, D-53115, Bonn, Germany
| | - Sakil Mahmud
- Institute of Cellular and Molecular Botany, University of Bonn, D-53115, Bonn, Germany
| | - Ren Fang Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Science, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Sergey Shabala
- Microelement Research Center/Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
- Tasmanian Institute for Agriculture, College of Science and Engineering, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, 7001, Australia
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, 6009, Australia
| | - František Baluška
- Institute of Cellular and Molecular Botany, University of Bonn, D-53115, Bonn, Germany
| | - Lei Shi
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
- Microelement Research Center/Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Min Yu
- International Research Center for Environmental Membrane Biology and Department of Horticulture, Foshan University, Foshan, 528000, China
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17
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Khatoon U, Prasad V, Sawant SV. Expression dynamics and a loss-of-function of Arabidopsis RabC1 GTPase unveil its role in plant growth and seed development. PLANTA 2023; 257:89. [PMID: 36988700 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-023-04122-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Transcript isoform dynamics, spatiotemporal expression, and mutational analysis uncover that Arabidopsis RabC1 GTPase is required for root length, flowering time, seed size, and seed mucilage. Rab GTPases are crucial regulators for moving different molecules to their specific compartments according to the needs of the cell. In this work, we illustrate the role of RabC1 GTPase in Arabidopsis growth and seed development. We identify and analyze the expression pattern of three transcript isoforms of RabC1 in different development stages, along with their tissue-specific transcript abundance. The promoter activity of RabC1 using promoter-GUS fusion shows that it is widely expressed during the growth of Arabidopsis, particularly in seed tissues such as chalazal seed coat and chalazal endosperm. Lack of RabC1 function led to shorter roots, lesser biomass, delayed flowering, and sluggish plant development. The mutants had smaller seeds than the wildtype, less seed mass, and lower seed coat permeability. Developing seeds also revealed a smaller endosperm cavity and shorter integument cells. Additionally, we found that the knock-out mutant had downregulated expression of genes implicated in the transit of sugars and amino acids from maternal tissue to developing seed. The seeds of the loss-of-function mutant had reduced seed mucilage. All the observed mutant phenotypes were restored in the complemented lines confirming the function of RabC1 in seed development and plant growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uzma Khatoon
- Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Division, CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Rana Pratap Marg, Lucknow, 226001, India
- Department of Botany, University of Lucknow, Lucknow, 226007, India
| | - Vivek Prasad
- Department of Botany, University of Lucknow, Lucknow, 226007, India
| | - Samir V Sawant
- Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Division, CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Rana Pratap Marg, Lucknow, 226001, India.
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18
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Tanaka W, Yamauchi T, Tsuda K. Genetic basis controlling rice plant architecture and its modification for breeding. BREEDING SCIENCE 2023; 73:3-45. [PMID: 37168811 PMCID: PMC10165344 DOI: 10.1270/jsbbs.22088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/25/2022] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
The shoot and root system architectures are fundamental for crop productivity. During the history of artificial selection of domestication and post-domestication breeding, the architecture of rice has significantly changed from its wild ancestor to fulfil requirements in agriculture. We review the recent studies on developmental biology in rice by focusing on components determining rice plant architecture; shoot meristems, leaves, tillers, stems, inflorescences and roots. We also highlight natural variations that affected these structures and were utilized in cultivars. Importantly, many core regulators identified from developmental mutants have been utilized in breeding as weak alleles moderately affecting these architectures. Given a surge of functional genomics and genome editing, the genetic mechanisms underlying the rice plant architecture discussed here will provide a theoretical basis to push breeding further forward not only in rice but also in other crops and their wild relatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wakana Tanaka
- Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University, 1-4-4 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8528, Japan
| | - Takaki Yamauchi
- Bioscience and Biotechnology Center, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8601, Japan
| | - Katsutoshi Tsuda
- National Institute of Genetics, 1111 Yata, Mishima, Shizuoka 411-8540, Japan
- Department of Genetics, School of Life Science, Graduate University for Advanced Studies, 1111 Yata, Mishima, Shizuoka 411-8540, Japan
- Corresponding author (e-mail: )
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19
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Modrego A, Pasternak T, Omary M, Albacete A, Cano A, Pérez-Pérez JM, Efroni I. Mapping of the Classical Mutation rosette Highlights a Role for Calcium in Wound-Induced Rooting. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 64:152-164. [PMID: 36398993 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcac163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Revised: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Removal of the root system induces the formation of new roots from the remaining shoot. This process is primarily controlled by the phytohormone auxin, which interacts with other signals in a yet unresolved manner. Here, we study the classical tomato mutation rosette (ro), which lacks shoot-borne roots. ro mutants were severely inhibited in formation of wound-induced roots (WiRs) and had reduced auxin transport rates. We mapped ro to the tomato ortholog of the Arabidopsis thaliana BIG and the mammalians UBR4/p600. RO/BIG is a large protein of unknown biochemical function. In A. thaliana, BIG was implicated in regulating auxin transport and calcium homeostasis. We show that exogenous calcium inhibits WiR formation in tomato and A. thaliana ro/big mutants. Exogenous calcium antagonized the root-promoting effects of the auxin indole-3-acetic-acid but not of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid, an auxin analog that is not recognized by the polar transport machinery, and accumulation of the auxin transporter PIN-FORMED1 (PIN1) was sensitive to calcium levels in the ro/big mutants. Consistent with a role for calcium in mediating auxin transport, both ro/big mutants and calcium-treated wild-type plants were hypersensitive to treatment with polar auxin transport inhibitors. Subcellular localization of BIG suggests that, like its mammalian ortholog, it is associated with the endoplasmic reticulum. Analysis of subcellular morphology revealed that ro/big mutants exhibited disruption in cytoplasmic streaming. We suggest that RO/BIG maintains auxin flow by stabilizing PIN membrane localization, possibly by attenuating the inhibitory effect of Ca2+ on cytoplasmic streaming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abelardo Modrego
- The Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, Faculty of Agriculture, The Hebrew University, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Taras Pasternak
- Instituto de Bioingeniería, Universidad Miguel Hernández, Elche 03202, Spain
| | - Moutasem Omary
- The Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, Faculty of Agriculture, The Hebrew University, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Alfonso Albacete
- Departamento de Nutrición Vegetal, CEBAS-CSIC, Murcia 30100, Spain
| | - Antonio Cano
- Departamento de Biología Vegetal (Fisiología Vegetal), Universidad de Murcia, Murcia 30100, Spain
| | | | - Idan Efroni
- The Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, Faculty of Agriculture, The Hebrew University, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
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20
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Chen Y, Ma X, Xue X, Liu M, Zhang X, Xiao X, Lai C, Zhang Z, Lai Z, Lin Y. Genome-wide analysis of the SAUR gene family and function exploration of DlSAUR32 during early longan somatic embryogenesis. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2023; 195:362-374. [PMID: 36682137 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2023.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The early auxin responsive small auxin up-regulated RNA (SAUR) family is an important gene family in the auxin signal transduction pathway. This study focused on the regulatory mechanism of DlSAUR genes during early somatic embryogenesis (SE) and its response to hormone treatment and abiotic stress. Mining of the available Dimocarpus longan Lour. (D. longan) genome sequence yielded 68 putative SAUR genes. Transcript profiles based on RNA-seq data showed that most of the 24 detected DlSAUR genes were highly expressed in the globular embryos (GE) (10) and most of them responded to heat stress and 2,4-D treatment. The results of qRT-PCR showed that most of DlSAUR genes were up-regulated under auxin inhibitor N-1-naphthylphthalamic acid (NPA) and auxin indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) treatments. Moreover, NPA could promote longan SE. The assay for ATAC-seq data analysis showed that chromatin accessibility of 19 of the 24 DlSAUR genes were open during early SE, and most DlSAUR genes differentially expressed during early SE were not associated with H3K4me1 signal enrichment. The DlSAUR32 was selected for subcellular localization and RNA-seq analysis, which encode a cell nuclear-localized protein. Dual-luciferase assays and transient transformation showed that the transcription factors (TFs) DlWRKY75-1 and DlWRKY75-2 might bind to the DlSAUR32 promoters to inhibition gene transcription. Transient overexpression of DlWRKY75-1 and DlWRKY75-2 decreased IAA content in N. benthamiana leaves. Thus, the regulatory network composed of DlSAUR32 and its related TFs may regulate the early longan SE and be involved in the auxin response regulatory pathway of longan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Chen
- Institute of Horticultural Biotechnology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350002, China
| | - Xiangwei Ma
- Institute of Horticultural Biotechnology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350002, China
| | - Xiaodong Xue
- Institute of Horticultural Biotechnology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350002, China
| | - Mengyu Liu
- Institute of Horticultural Biotechnology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350002, China
| | - Xueying Zhang
- Institute of Horticultural Biotechnology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350002, China
| | - Xuechen Xiao
- Institute of Horticultural Biotechnology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350002, China
| | - Chunwang Lai
- Institute of Horticultural Biotechnology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350002, China
| | - Zihao Zhang
- Institute of Horticultural Biotechnology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350002, China
| | - Zhongxiong Lai
- Institute of Horticultural Biotechnology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350002, China
| | - Yuling Lin
- Institute of Horticultural Biotechnology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350002, China.
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21
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Wang Y, Peng Y, Guo H. To curve for survival: Apical hook development. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE PLANT BIOLOGY 2023; 65:324-342. [PMID: 36562414 DOI: 10.1111/jipb.13441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Apical hook is a simple curved structure formed at the upper part of hypocotyls when dicot seeds germinate in darkness. The hook structure is transient but essential for seedlings' survival during soil emergence due to its efficient protection of the delicate shoot apex from mechanical injury. As a superb model system for studying plant differential growth, apical hook has fascinated botanists as early as the Darwin age, and significant advances have been achieved at both the morphological and molecular levels to understand how apical hook development is regulated. Here, we will mainly summarize the research progress at these two levels. We will also briefly compare the growth dynamics between apical hook and hypocotyl gravitropic bending at early seed germination phase, with the aim to deduce a certain consensus on their connections. Finally, we will outline the remaining questions and future research perspectives for apical hook development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yichuan Wang
- Department of Biology, School of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of Molecular Design for Plant Cell Factory of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Institute of Plant and Food Science, Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech), Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Yang Peng
- Department of Biology, School of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of Molecular Design for Plant Cell Factory of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Institute of Plant and Food Science, Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech), Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Hongwei Guo
- Department of Biology, School of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of Molecular Design for Plant Cell Factory of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Institute of Plant and Food Science, Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech), Shenzhen, 518055, China
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22
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Xue C, Li W, Shen R, Lan P. Impacts of iron on phosphate starvation-induced root hair growth in Arabidopsis. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2023; 46:215-238. [PMID: 36174546 DOI: 10.1111/pce.14451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2022] [Revised: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 06/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
In Arabidopsis, phosphate starvation (-Pi)-induced responses of primary root and lateral root growth are documented to be correlated with ambient iron (Fe) status. However, whether and how Fe participates in -Pi-induced root hair growth (RHG) remains unclear. Here, responses of RHG to different Fe concentrations under Pi sufficiency/deficiency were verified. Generally, distinct dosage effects of Fe on RHG appeared at both Pi levels, due to the generation of reactive oxygen species. Following analyses using auxin mutants and the phr1 mutant revealed that auxin and the central regulator PHR1 are required for Fe-triggered RHG under -Pi. A further proteomic study indicated that processes of vesicle trafficking and auxin synthesis and transport were affected by Fe under -Pi, which were subsequently validated by using a vesicle trafficking inhibitor, brefeldin A, and an auxin reporter, R2D2. Moreover, vesicle trafficking-mediated recycling of PIN2, an auxin efflux transporter, was notably affected by Fe under -Pi. Correspondingly, root hairs of pin2 mutant displayed attenuated responses to Fe under -Pi. Together, we propose that Fe affects auxin signalling probably by modulating vesicle trafficking, chiefly the PIN2 recycling, which might work jointly with PHR1 on modulating -Pi-induced RHG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caiwen Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, China and University of Chinese Academy of Sceinces, Beijing, China
| | - Wenfeng Li
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, College of Biology and the Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
| | - Renfang Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, China and University of Chinese Academy of Sceinces, Beijing, China
| | - Ping Lan
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, China and University of Chinese Academy of Sceinces, Beijing, China
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23
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Liu Y, Mu C, Du D, Yang Y, Li L, Xuan W, Kircher S, Palme K, Li X, Li R. Alkaline stress reduces root waving by regulating PIN7 vacuolar transport. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:1049144. [PMID: 36582637 PMCID: PMC9792863 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1049144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Root development and plasticity are assessed via diverse endogenous and environmental cues, including phytohormones, nutrition, and stress. In this study, we observed that roots in model plant Arabidopsis thaliana exhibited waving and oscillating phenotypes under normal conditions but lost this pattern when subjected to alkaline stress. We later showed that alkaline treatment disturbed the auxin gradient in roots and increased auxin signal in columella cells. We further demonstrated that the auxin efflux transporter PIN-FORMED 7 (PIN7) but not PIN3 was translocated to vacuole lumen under alkaline stress. This process is essential for root response to alkaline stress because the pin7 knockout mutants retained the root waving phenotype. Moreover, we provided evidence that the PIN7 vacuolar transport might not depend on the ARF-GEFs but required the proper function of an ESCRT subunit known as FYVE domain protein required for endosomal sorting 1 (FREE1). Induced silencing of FREE1 disrupted the vacuolar transport of PIN7 and reduced sensitivity to alkaline stress, further highlighting the importance of this cellular process. In conclusion, our work reveals a new role of PIN7 in regulating root morphology under alkaline stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Design for Plant Cell Factory of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Institute of Plant and Food Science, School of Life Sciences, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
- Sino-German Joint Research Center on Agricultural Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, China
| | - Chenglin Mu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, China
- Sino-German Joint Research Center on Agricultural Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, China
| | - Dongdong Du
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, China
- Sino-German Joint Research Center on Agricultural Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, China
| | - Yi Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, China
- Sino-German Joint Research Center on Agricultural Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, China
| | - Lixin Li
- Key Laboratory of Saline-alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
| | - Wei Xuan
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement and MOA Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilization in Lower‐Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Stefan Kircher
- Institute of Biology II/Molecular Plant Physiology, Faculty of Biology, Albert-Ludwigs-University of Freiburg, Schänzlestr. 1, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Klaus Palme
- Sino-German Joint Research Center on Agricultural Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, China
- Institute of Biology II/Molecular Plant Physiology, Faculty of Biology, Albert-Ludwigs-University of Freiburg, Schänzlestr. 1, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Xugang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, China
- Sino-German Joint Research Center on Agricultural Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, China
- Institute of Biology II/Molecular Plant Physiology, Faculty of Biology, Albert-Ludwigs-University of Freiburg, Schänzlestr. 1, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Ruixi Li
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Design for Plant Cell Factory of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Institute of Plant and Food Science, School of Life Sciences, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
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24
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Shin SY, Choi Y, Kim SG, Park SJ, Park JS, Moon KB, Kim HS, Jeon JH, Cho HS, Lee HJ. Submergence promotes auxin-induced callus formation through ethylene-mediated post-transcriptional control of auxin receptors. MOLECULAR PLANT 2022; 15:1947-1961. [PMID: 36333910 DOI: 10.1016/j.molp.2022.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Plant cells in damaged tissue can be reprogrammed to acquire pluripotency and induce callus formation. However, in the aboveground organs of many species, somatic cells that are distal to the wound site become less sensitive to auxin-induced callus formation, suggesting the existence of repressive regulatory mechanisms that are largely unknown. Here we reveal that submergence-induced ethylene signals promote callus formation by releasing post-transcriptional silencing of auxin receptor transcripts in non-wounded regions. We determined that short-term submergence of intact seedlings induces auxin-mediated cell dedifferentiation across the entirety of Arabidopsis thaliana explants. The constitutive triple response 1-1 (ctr1-1) mutation induced callus formation in explants without submergence, suggesting that ethylene facilitates cell dedifferentiation. We show that ETHYLENE-INSENSITIVE 2 (EIN2) post-transcriptionally regulates the abundance of transcripts for auxin receptor genes by facilitating microRNA393 degradation. Submergence-induced calli in non-wounded regions were suitable for shoot regeneration, similar to those near the wound site. We also observed submergence-promoted callus formation in Chinese cabbage (Brassica rapa), indicating that this may be a conserved mechanism in other species. Our study identifies previously unknown regulatory mechanisms by which ethylene promotes cell dedifferentiation and provides a new approach for boosting callus induction efficiency in shoot explants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung Yong Shin
- Plant Systems Engineering Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon 34141, Korea; Department of Functional Genomics, KRIBB School of Bioscience, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34113, Korea
| | - Yuri Choi
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34141, Korea
| | - Sang-Gyu Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34141, Korea
| | - Su-Jin Park
- Plant Systems Engineering Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon 34141, Korea; Department of Biosystems and Bioengineering, KRIBB School of Biotechnology, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34113, Korea
| | - Ji-Sun Park
- Plant Systems Engineering Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon 34141, Korea
| | - Ki-Beom Moon
- Plant Systems Engineering Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon 34141, Korea
| | - Hyun-Soon Kim
- Plant Systems Engineering Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon 34141, Korea; Department of Biosystems and Bioengineering, KRIBB School of Biotechnology, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34113, Korea
| | - Jae Heung Jeon
- Plant Systems Engineering Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon 34141, Korea
| | - Hye Sun Cho
- Plant Systems Engineering Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon 34141, Korea; Department of Biosystems and Bioengineering, KRIBB School of Biotechnology, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34113, Korea
| | - Hyo-Jun Lee
- Plant Systems Engineering Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon 34141, Korea; Department of Functional Genomics, KRIBB School of Bioscience, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34113, Korea; Department of Biological Sciences, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea.
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25
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Li J, Li H, Yin N, Quan X, Wang W, Shan Q, Wang S, Bermudez RS, He W. Identification of LsPIN1 gene and its potential functions in rhizome turning of Leymus secalinus. BMC Genomics 2022; 23:753. [DOI: 10.1186/s12864-022-08979-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Continuous tilling and the lateral growth of rhizomes confer rhizomatous grasses with the unique ability to laterally expand, migrate and resist disturbances. They play key roles especially in degraded grasslands, deserts, sand dunes, and other fragile ecological system. The rhizomatous plant Leymus secalinus has both rhizome buds and tiller buds that grow horizontally and upward at the ends of rhizome differentiation and elongation, respectively. The mechanisms of rhizome formation and differentiation in L. secalinus have not yet been clarified.
Results
In this study, we found that the content of gibberellin A3 (GA3) and indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) were significantly higher in upward rhizome tips than in horizontal rhizome tips; by contrast, the content of methyl jasmonate and brassinolide were significantly higher in horizontal rhizome tips than in upward rhizome tips. GA3 and IAA could stimulate the formation and turning of rhizomes. An auxin efflux carrier gene, LsPIN1, was identified from L. secalinus based on previous transcriptome data. The conserved domains of LsPIN1 and the relationship of LsPIN1 with PIN1 genes from other plants were analyzed. Subcellular localization analysis revealed that LsPIN1 was localized to the plasma membrane. The length of the primary roots (PRs) and the number of lateral roots (LRs) were higher in Arabidopsis thaliana plants overexpressing LsPIN1 than in wild-type (Col-0) plants. Auxin transport was altered and the gravitropic response and phototropic response were stronger in 35S:LsPIN1 transgenic plants compared with Col-0 plants. It also promoted auxin accumulation in root tips.
Conclusion
Our findings indicated that LsPIN1 plays key roles in auxin transport and root development. Generally, our results provide new insights into the regulatory mechanisms underlying rhizome development in L. secalinus.
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Mao B, Takahashi H, Takahashi H, Fujii N. Diversity of root hydrotropism among natural variants of Arabidopsis thaliana. JOURNAL OF PLANT RESEARCH 2022; 135:799-808. [PMID: 36149514 PMCID: PMC10039817 DOI: 10.1007/s10265-022-01412-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Root gravitropism affects root hydrotropism. The interference intensity of root gravitropism with root hydrotropism differs among plant species. However, these differences have not been well compared within a single plant species. In this study, we compared root hydrotropism in various natural variants of Arabidopsis under stationary conditions. As a result, we detected a range of root hydrotropism under stationary conditions among natural Arabidopsis variants. Comparison of root gravitropism and root hydrotropism among several Arabidopsis natural variants classified natural variants that decreased root hydrotropism into two types; namely one type that expresses root gravitropism and root hydrotropism weaker than Col-0, and the other type that expresses weaker root hydrotropism than Col-0 but expresses similar root gravitropism with Col-0. However, root hydrotropism of all examined Arabidopsis natural variants was facilitated by clinorotation. These results suggested that the interference of root gravitropism with root hydrotropism is conserved among Arabidopsis natural variants, although the intensity of root gravitropism interference with root hydrotropism differs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boyuan Mao
- Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, 2-1-1 Katahira, Aoba-Ku, Sendai, 980-8577, Japan
| | - Hiroki Takahashi
- Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, 2-1-1 Katahira, Aoba-Ku, Sendai, 980-8577, Japan
| | - Hideyuki Takahashi
- Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, 2-1-1 Katahira, Aoba-Ku, Sendai, 980-8577, Japan
| | - Nobuharu Fujii
- Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, 2-1-1 Katahira, Aoba-Ku, Sendai, 980-8577, Japan.
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27
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Numata T, Sugita K, Ahamed Rahman A, Rahman A. Actin isovariant ACT7 controls root meristem development in Arabidopsis through modulating auxin and ethylene responses. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2022; 73:6255-6271. [PMID: 35749807 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erac280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The meristem is the most functionally dynamic part in a plant. The shaping of the meristem requires constant cell division and elongation, which are influenced by hormones and the cytoskeletal component, actin. Although the roles of hormones in modulating meristem development have been extensively studied, the role of actin in this process is still elusive. Using the single and double mutants of the vegetative class actin, we demonstrate that actin isovariant ACT7 plays an important role in root meristem development. In the absence of ACT7, but not ACT8 and ACT2, depolymerization of actin was observed. Consistently, the act7 mutant showed reduced cell division, cell elongation, and meristem length. Intracellular distribution and trafficking of auxin transport proteins in the actin mutants revealed that ACT7 specifically functions in the root meristem to facilitate the trafficking of auxin efflux carriers PIN1 and PIN2, and consequently the transport of auxin. Compared with act7, the act7act8 double mutant exhibited slightly enhanced phenotypic response and altered intracellular trafficking. The altered distribution of auxin in act7 and act7act8 affects the response of the roots to ethylene, but not to cytokinin. Collectively, our results suggest that ACT7-dependent auxin-ethylene response plays a key role in controlling Arabidopsis root meristem development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takahiro Numata
- Department of Plant Bio Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Iwate University, Morioka, Japan
| | - Kenji Sugita
- Department of Plant Bio Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Iwate University, Morioka, Japan
| | - Arifa Ahamed Rahman
- The United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Iwate University, Morioka, Japan
| | - Abidur Rahman
- Department of Plant Bio Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Iwate University, Morioka, Japan
- The United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Iwate University, Morioka, Japan
- Department of Plant Sciences, College of Agriculture and Bioresources, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
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28
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Yang Y, Liu F, Liu L, Zhu M, Yuan J, Mai YX, Zou JJ, Le J, Wang Y, Palme K, Li X, Wang Y, Wang L. The unconventional prefoldin RPB5 interactor mediates the gravitropic response by modulating cytoskeleton organization and auxin transport in Arabidopsis. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE PLANT BIOLOGY 2022; 64:1916-1934. [PMID: 35943836 DOI: 10.1111/jipb.13341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Gravity-induced root curvature involves the asymmetric distribution of the phytohormone auxin. This response depends on the concerted activities of the auxin transporters such as PIN-FORMED (PIN) proteins for auxin efflux and AUXIN RESISTANT 1 (AUX1) for auxin influx. However, how the auxin gradient is established remains elusive. Here we identified a new mutant with a short root, strong auxin distribution in the lateral root cap and an impaired gravitropic response. The causal gene encoded an Arabidopsis homolog of the human unconventional prefoldin RPB5 interactor (URI). AtURI interacted with prefoldin 2 (PFD2) and PFD6, two β-type PFD members that modulate actin and tubulin patterning in roots. The auxin reporter DR5rev :GFP showed that asymmetric auxin redistribution after gravistimulation is disordered in aturi-1 root tips. Treatment with the endomembrane protein trafficking inhibitor brefeldin A indicated that recycling of the auxin transporter PIN2 is disrupted in aturi-1 roots as well as in pfd mutants. We propose that AtURI cooperates with PFDs to recycle PIN2 and modulate auxin distribution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Daizong Street 61, Tai'an, 271018, China
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biophysics, Institute of Biophysics, Dezhou University, Dezhou, 253023, China
- Sino-German Joint Research Center on Agricultural Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Daizong Street 61, Tai'an, 271018, China
| | - Fang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Daizong Street 61, Tai'an, 271018, China
- Faculty of Biology, Institute of Biology II/Molecular Plant Physiology, Albert-Ludwigs-University of Freiburg, Schänzlestrasse 1, Freiburg, D-79104, Germany
| | - Le Liu
- Faculty of Biology, Institute of Biology II/Molecular Plant Physiology, Albert-Ludwigs-University of Freiburg, Schänzlestrasse 1, Freiburg, D-79104, Germany
| | - Mingyue Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Daizong Street 61, Tai'an, 271018, China
- Sino-German Joint Research Center on Agricultural Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Daizong Street 61, Tai'an, 271018, China
| | - Jinfeng Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Daizong Street 61, Tai'an, 271018, China
- Sino-German Joint Research Center on Agricultural Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Daizong Street 61, Tai'an, 271018, China
| | - Yan-Xia Mai
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics (NKLPMG), CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology (SIPPE), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Jun-Jie Zou
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Jie Le
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yonghong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Daizong Street 61, Tai'an, 271018, China
| | - Klaus Palme
- Sino-German Joint Research Center on Agricultural Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Daizong Street 61, Tai'an, 271018, China
- Faculty of Biology, Institute of Biology II/Molecular Plant Physiology, Albert-Ludwigs-University of Freiburg, Schänzlestrasse 1, Freiburg, D-79104, Germany
| | - Xugang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Daizong Street 61, Tai'an, 271018, China
- Sino-German Joint Research Center on Agricultural Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Daizong Street 61, Tai'an, 271018, China
| | - Yong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Daizong Street 61, Tai'an, 271018, China
| | - Long Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics (NKLPMG), CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology (SIPPE), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shanghai, 200032, China
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29
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Guo W, Han J, Li X, He Z, Zhang Y. Large-scale analysis of protein crotonylation reveals its diverse functions in Pinellia ternata. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2022; 22:457. [PMID: 36151520 PMCID: PMC9502611 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-022-03835-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pinellia ternata is an important traditional medicine in China, and its growth is regulated by the transcriptome or proteome. Lysine crotonylation, a newly identified and important type of posttranslational modification, plays a key role in many aspects of cell metabolism. However, little is known about its functions in Pinellia ternata. RESULTS In this study, we generated a global crotonylome analysis of Pinellia ternata and examined its overlap with lysine succinylation. A total of 2106 crotonylated sites matched on 1006 proteins overlapping in three independent tests were identified, and we found three specific amino acids surrounding crotonylation sites in Pinellia ternata: KcrF, K***Y**Kcr and Kcr****R. Gene Ontology (GO) and KEGG pathway enrichment analyses showed that two crucial alkaloid biosynthesis-related enzymes and many stress-related proteins were also highly crotonylated. Furthermore, several enzymes participating in carbohydrate metabolism pathways were found to exhibit both lysine crotonylation and succinylation modifications. CONCLUSIONS These results indicate that lysine crotonylation performs important functions in many biological processes in Pinellia ternata, especially in the biosynthesis of alkaloids, and some metabolic pathways are simultaneously regulated by lysine crotonylation and succinylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiwei Guo
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Dry Farming Technology/Shandong Engineering Research Center of Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Salt-Tolerant Crops/College of Agronomy, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao Shandong, 266109, China
| | - Jiayi Han
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Dry Farming Technology/Shandong Engineering Research Center of Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Salt-Tolerant Crops/College of Agronomy, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao Shandong, 266109, China
| | - Ximei Li
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Dry Farming Technology/Shandong Engineering Research Center of Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Salt-Tolerant Crops/College of Agronomy, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao Shandong, 266109, China
| | - Zihan He
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Dry Farming Technology/Shandong Engineering Research Center of Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Salt-Tolerant Crops/College of Agronomy, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao Shandong, 266109, China
| | - Yumei Zhang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Dry Farming Technology/Shandong Engineering Research Center of Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Salt-Tolerant Crops/College of Agronomy, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao Shandong, 266109, China.
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30
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Adu BG, Argete AYS, Egawa S, Nagano AJ, Shimizu A, Ohmori Y, Fujiwara T. A Koshihikari X Oryza rufipogon Introgression Line with a High Capacity to Take up Nitrogen to Maintain Growth and Panicle Development under Low Nitrogen Conditions. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 63:1215-1229. [PMID: 35791818 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcac097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Revised: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Nitrogen (N) is an important macronutrient for plant growth and development. Currently, N fertilizers are required for the efficient production of modern crops such as rice due to their limited capacity to take up N when present at low concentrations. Wild rice represents a useful genetic resource for improving crop responses to low nutrient stress. Here, we describe the isolation and characterization of an introgression line, KRIL37, that carries a small region of the Oryza rufipogon genome in the Oryza sativa L. cv Koshihikari (KH) background. This line was found to grow better under low N conditions and have similar or lower C/N ratios in aerial portions compared to those in the parental KH cultivar, suggesting that KRIL37 has a higher capacity to take up and assimilate N when present at low concentrations. KRIL37 performance in the field was also better than that of KH cultivated without N and fertilizer (-F). Transcriptome analyses of 3-week-old seedlings based on RNA-sequencing revealed that KH induced a wider suite of genes than the tolerant line KRIL37 in response to low N conditions. Some ammonium transporters and N assimilation genes were found to be induced under low N in KRIL37, but not in KH. Our findings suggest that the superior growth performance of KRIL37 under limited N conditions could be due to the expression of wild alleles influencing N uptake and assimilation. Our study demonstrates the potential to use wild rice genomes to improve modern crops for low nutrient tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bright G Adu
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8657 Japan
| | - Aizelle Y S Argete
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8657 Japan
| | - Sakiko Egawa
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8657 Japan
| | - Atsushi J Nagano
- Faculty of Agriculture, Ryukoku University, Otsu, 520-2194, Japan
- Institute of Advanced Biosciences, Keio University, Tsuruoka, 997-0017, Japan
| | - Akifumi Shimizu
- School of Environmental Science, The University of Shiga Prefecture, Hassaka-cho, Hikone-City, Shiga 522-8533 Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Ohmori
- Agricultural Bioinformatics Research Unit, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8657 Japan
| | - Toru Fujiwara
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8657 Japan
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31
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Glanc M. Plant cell division from the perspective of polarity. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2022; 73:5361-5371. [PMID: 35604840 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erac227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The orientation of cell division is a major determinant of plant morphogenesis. In spite of considerable efforts over the past decades, the precise mechanism of division plane selection remains elusive. The majority of studies on the topic have addressed division orientation from either a predominantly developmental or a cell biological perspective. Thus, mechanistic insights into the links between developmental and cellular factors affecting division orientation are particularly lacking. Here, I review recent progress in the understanding of cell division orientation in the embryo and primary root meristem of Arabidopsis from both developmental and cell biological standpoints. I offer a view of multilevel polarity as a central aspect of cell division: on the one hand, the division plane is a readout of tissue- and organism-wide polarities; on the other hand, the cortical division zone can be seen as a transient polar subcellular plasma membrane domain. Finally, I argue that a polarity-focused conceptual framework and the integration of developmental and cell biological approaches hold great promise to unravel the mechanistic basis of plant cell division orientation in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matouš Glanc
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, Ghent, Belgium
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32
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Huang X, Maisch J, Hayashi KI, Nick P. Fluorescent Auxin Analogs Report Two Auxin Binding Sites with Different Subcellular Distribution and Affinities: A Cue for Non-Transcriptional Auxin Signaling. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23158593. [PMID: 35955725 PMCID: PMC9369420 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23158593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The complexity of auxin signaling is partially due to multiple auxin receptors that trigger differential signaling. To obtain insight into the subcellular localization of auxin-binding sites, we used fluorescent auxin analogs that can undergo transport but do not deploy auxin signaling. Using fluorescent probes for different subcellular compartments, we can show that the fluorescent analog of 1-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) associates with the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and tonoplast, while the fluorescent analog of indole acetic acid (IAA) binds to the ER. The binding of the fluorescent NAA analog to the ER can be outcompeted by unlabeled NAA, which allows us to estimate the affinity of NAA for this binding site to be around 1 μM. The non-transportable auxin 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) interferes with the binding site for the fluorescent NAA analog at the tonoplast but not with the binding site for the fluorescent IAA analog at the ER. We integrate these data into a working model, where the tonoplast hosts a binding site with a high affinity for 2,4-D, while the ER hosts a binding site with high affinity for NAA. Thus, the differential subcellular localization of binding sites reflects the differential signaling in response to these artificial auxins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Huang
- Molecular Cell Biology, Botanical Institute, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Fritz-Haber-Weg 4, 76133 Karlsruhe, Germany; (X.H.); (J.M.)
- Key Laboratory of South China Agricultural Plant Molecular Analysis and Genetic Improvement, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, China
| | - Jan Maisch
- Molecular Cell Biology, Botanical Institute, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Fritz-Haber-Weg 4, 76133 Karlsruhe, Germany; (X.H.); (J.M.)
| | - Ken-Ichiro Hayashi
- Department of Biochemistry, Okayama University of Science, 1-1 Ridai-cho, Okayama 700-0005, Japan;
| | - Peter Nick
- Molecular Cell Biology, Botanical Institute, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Fritz-Haber-Weg 4, 76133 Karlsruhe, Germany; (X.H.); (J.M.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-721-608-42144
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33
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Wang R, Himschoot E, Chen J, Boudsocq M, Geelen D, Friml J, Beeckman T, Vanneste S. Constitutive Active CPK30 Interferes With Root Growth and Endomembrane Trafficking in Arabidopsis thaliana. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:862398. [PMID: 35783951 PMCID: PMC9245594 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.862398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Calcium-dependent protein kinases (CPK) are key components of a wide array of signaling pathways, translating stress and nutrient signaling into the modulation of cellular processes such as ion transport and transcription. However, not much is known about CPKs in endomembrane trafficking. Here, we screened for CPKs that impact on root growth and gravitropism, by overexpressing constitutively active forms of CPKs under the control of an inducible promoter in Arabidopsis thaliana. We found that inducible overexpression of an constitutive active CPK30 (CA-CPK30) resulted in a loss of root gravitropism and ectopic auxin accumulation in the root tip. Immunolocalization revealed that CA-CPK30 roots have reduced PIN protein levels, PIN1 polarity defects and impaired Brefeldin A (BFA)-sensitive trafficking. Moreover, FM4-64 uptake was reduced, indicative of a defect in endocytosis. The effects on BFA-sensitive trafficking were not specific to PINs, as BFA could not induce aggregation of ARF1- and CHC-labeled endosomes in CA-CPK30. Interestingly, the interference with BFA-body formation, could be reverted by increasing the extracellular pH, indicating a pH-dependence of this CA-CPK30 effect. Altogether, our data reveal an important role for CPK30 in root growth regulation and endomembrane trafficking in Arabidopsis thaliana.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ren Wang
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Ellie Himschoot
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Jian Chen
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Marie Boudsocq
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, INRAE, Univ. Evry, Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay (IPS2), Orsay, France
- Université de Paris, Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay (IPS2), Orsay, France
| | - Danny Geelen
- Department of Plants and Crops, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Jiří Friml
- Institute of Science and Technology Austria, Klosterneuburg, Austria
| | - Tom Beeckman
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Steffen Vanneste
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Plants and Crops, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Lab of Plant Growth Analysis, Ghent University Global Campus, Incheon, South Korea
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34
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Dünser K, Schöller M, Rößling AK, Löfke C, Xiao N, Pařízková B, Melnik S, Rodriguez-Franco M, Stöger E, Novák O, Kleine-Vehn J. Endocytic trafficking promotes vacuolar enlargements for fast cell expansion rates in plants. eLife 2022; 11:75945. [PMID: 35686734 PMCID: PMC9187339 DOI: 10.7554/elife.75945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The vacuole has a space-filling function, allowing a particularly rapid plant cell expansion with very little increase in cytosolic content (Löfke et al., 2015; Scheuring et al., 2016; Dünser et al., 2019). Despite its importance for cell size determination in plants, very little is known about the mechanisms that define vacuolar size. Here, we show that the cellular and vacuolar size expansions are coordinated. By developing a pharmacological tool, we enabled the investigation of membrane delivery to the vacuole during cellular expansion. Our data reveal that endocytic membrane sorting from the plasma membrane to the vacuole is enhanced in the course of rapid root cell expansion. While this ‘compromise’ mechanism may theoretically at first decelerate cell surface enlargements, it fuels vacuolar expansion and, thereby, ensures the coordinated augmentation of vacuolar occupancy in dynamically expanding plant cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Dünser
- Molecular Plant Physiology (MoPP), Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Department of Applied Genetics and Cell Biology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria.,Center for Integrative Biological Signalling Studies (CIBSS), University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Maria Schöller
- Department of Applied Genetics and Cell Biology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Ann-Kathrin Rößling
- Molecular Plant Physiology (MoPP), Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Center for Integrative Biological Signalling Studies (CIBSS), University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Christian Löfke
- Department of Applied Genetics and Cell Biology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Nannan Xiao
- Department of Applied Genetics and Cell Biology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Barbora Pařízková
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Institute of Experimental Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences and Faculty of Science of Palacký University, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Stanislav Melnik
- Department of Applied Genetics and Cell Biology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Eva Stöger
- Department of Applied Genetics and Cell Biology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Ondřej Novák
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Institute of Experimental Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences and Faculty of Science of Palacký University, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Jürgen Kleine-Vehn
- Molecular Plant Physiology (MoPP), Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Department of Applied Genetics and Cell Biology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria.,Center for Integrative Biological Signalling Studies (CIBSS), University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
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35
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Pino LE, Lima JE, Vicente MH, de Sá AFL, Pérez-Alfocea F, Albacete A, Costa JL, Werner T, Schmülling T, Freschi L, Figueira A, Zsögön A, Peres LEP. Increased branching independent of strigolactone in cytokinin oxidase 2-overexpressing tomato is mediated by reduced auxin transport. MOLECULAR HORTICULTURE 2022; 2:12. [PMID: 37789497 PMCID: PMC10514996 DOI: 10.1186/s43897-022-00032-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 10/05/2023]
Abstract
Tomato production is influenced by shoot branching, which is controlled by different hormones. Here we produced tomato plants overexpressing the cytokinin-deactivating gene CYTOKININ OXYDASE 2 (CKX2). CKX2-overexpressing (CKX2-OE) plants showed an excessive growth of axillary shoots, the opposite phenotype expected for plants with reduced cytokinin content, as evidenced by LC-MS analysis and ARR5-GUS staining. The TCP transcription factor SlBRC1b was downregulated in the axillary buds of CKX2-OE and its excessive branching was dependent on a functional version of the GRAS-family gene LATERAL SUPPRESSOR (LS). Grafting experiments indicated that increased branching in CKX2-OE plants is unlikely to be mediated by root-derived signals. Crossing CKX2-OE plants with transgenic antisense plants for the strigolactone biosynthesis gene CAROTENOID CLEAVAGE DIOXYGENASE (CCD7-AS) produced an additive phenotype, indicating independent effects of cytokinin and strigolactones on increased branching. On the other hand, CKX2-OE plants showed reduced polar auxin transport and their bud outgrowth was reduced when combined with auxin mutants. Accordingly, CKX2-OE basal buds did not respond to auxin applied in the decapitated apex. Our results suggest that tomato shoot branching depends on a fine-tuning of different hormonal balances and that perturbations in the auxin status could compensate for the reduced cytokinin levels in CKX2-OE plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lilian Ellen Pino
- Laboratory of Plant Breeding, Centro de Energia Nuclear na Agricultura, University of Sao Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Laboratory of Hormonal Control of Plant Development, Department of Biological Sciences, Escola Superior de Agricultura 'Luiz de Queiroz'University of Sao Paulo, Piracicaba, Brazil
| | - Joni E Lima
- Botany Department, ICB, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Mateus H Vicente
- Laboratory of Hormonal Control of Plant Development, Department of Biological Sciences, Escola Superior de Agricultura 'Luiz de Queiroz'University of Sao Paulo, Piracicaba, Brazil
| | - Ariadne F L de Sá
- Laboratory of Hormonal Control of Plant Development, Department of Biological Sciences, Escola Superior de Agricultura 'Luiz de Queiroz'University of Sao Paulo, Piracicaba, Brazil
| | | | - Alfonso Albacete
- Department of Plant Nutrition, CEBAS-CSIC, Campus Univ. Espinardo, Murcia, Spain
| | - Juliana L Costa
- Laboratory of Plant Breeding, Centro de Energia Nuclear na Agricultura, University of Sao Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Tomáš Werner
- Institute of Biology/Applied Genetics, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Institute of Biology, University of Graz, Schubertstraße 51, 8010, Graz, Austria
| | - Thomas Schmülling
- Institute of Biology/Applied Genetics, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Luciano Freschi
- Biosciences Institute, University of Sao Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Antonio Figueira
- Laboratory of Plant Breeding, Centro de Energia Nuclear na Agricultura, University of Sao Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Agustin Zsögön
- Plant Sciences Department, Federal University of Viçosa, Viçosa, Brazil
| | - Lázaro E P Peres
- Laboratory of Hormonal Control of Plant Development, Department of Biological Sciences, Escola Superior de Agricultura 'Luiz de Queiroz'University of Sao Paulo, Piracicaba, Brazil.
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36
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Zhang Q, Deng A, Xiang M, Lan Q, Li X, Yuan S, Gou X, Hao S, Du J, Xiao C. The Root Hair Development of Pectin Polygalacturonase PGX2 Activation Tagging Line in Response to Phosphate Deficiency. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:862171. [PMID: 35586221 PMCID: PMC9108675 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.862171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Pectin, cellulose, and hemicellulose constitute the primary cell wall in eudicots and function in multiple developmental processes in plants. Root hairs are outgrowths of specialized epidermal cells that absorb water and nutrients from the soil. Cell wall architecture influences root hair development, but how cell wall remodeling might enable enhanced root hair formation in response to phosphate (P) deficiency remains relatively unclear. Here, we found that POLYGALACTURONASE INVOLVED IN EXPANSION 2 (PGX2) functions in conditional root hair development. Under low P conditions, a PGX2 activation tagged line (PGX2AT ) displays bubble-like root hairs and abnormal callose deposition and superoxide accumulation in roots. We found that the polar localization and trafficking of PIN2 are altered in PGX2AT roots in response to P deficiency. We also found that actin filaments were less compact but more stable in PGX2AT root hair cells and that actin filament skewness in PGX2AT root hairs was recovered by treatment with 1-N-naphthylphthalamic acid (NPA), an auxin transport inhibitor. These results demonstrate that activation tagging of PGX2 affects cell wall remodeling, auxin signaling, and actin microfilament orientation, which may cooperatively regulate root hair development in response to P starvation.
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Tian J, Ma Y, Chen Y, Chen X, Wei A. Plant Hormone Response to Low-Temperature Stress in Cold-Tolerant and Cold-Sensitive Varieties of Zanthoxylum bungeanum Maxim. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:847202. [PMID: 35574137 PMCID: PMC9102381 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.847202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Plant growth and survival in nature, its growth process, will be affected by various factors from the environment, among which temperature has a greater impact. In recent years, extreme weather has frequently appeared, and the growth of crops has been increasingly affected by the environment. As an important flavoring and Chinese herbal medicine crop, Zanthoxylum bungeanum is also facing the harm of low-temperature stress. Plant hormones play a vital role in the response of plants to low temperatures. In this study, ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) was used to determine the hormone components of cold-tolerant and cold-sensitive varieties of Z. bungeanum. Combined with chemometric analysis and weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA), the hormone component differences and hormone response strategies of Z. bungeanum under low-temperature stress were comprehensively studied. The results showed that 45 hormones were detected in Z. bungeanum. Among them, there were 7 kinds of components with high content and were detected in both two varieties. At the late stage of low-temperature stress, the contents of abscisic acid (ABA) and ABA-glucosyl ester (ABA-GE) in Fuguhuajiao (FG) were significantly increased, and the latter served as the storage of the former to supplement the active ABA. Orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) found that indole-3-carboxylic acid (ICA), indole-3-carboxaldehyde (ICAld), meta-Topolin riboside (mTR), cis-Zeatin-O-glucoside riboside (cZROG), and N6-isopentenyladenosine (IPR) in FG were the upregulated important difference components, and IPR and 2-methylthio-cis-zeatin riboside (2MeScZR) in Fengxiandahongpao (FX) were the upregulated important difference components. There were common crossing points and independent response pathways in response to low temperature in two varieties. WGCNA analysis found that the main hormone components were associated with multiple metabolic pathways including carbon, fatty acid, amino acid, and sugar metabolism, indicating that hormone regulation plays an important role in the response of Z. bungeanum to low temperature. This study clarified the hormone response mechanism of Z. bungeanum under low-temperature stress and provided a reference and basis for further improving the cold resistance of Z. bungeanum and cultivating new varieties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jieyun Tian
- College of Forestry, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang, China
| | - Yao Ma
- School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yabing Chen
- College of Forestry, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang, China
| | - Xue Chen
- College of Forestry, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang, China
| | - Anzhi Wei
- College of Forestry, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang, China
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An Arabidopsis mutant deficient in phosphatidylinositol-4-phosphate kinases ß1 and ß2 displays altered auxin-related responses in roots. Sci Rep 2022; 12:6947. [PMID: 35484296 PMCID: PMC9051118 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-10458-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Phosphatidylinositol 4-kinases (PI4Ks) are the first enzymes that commit phosphatidylinositol into the phosphoinositide pathway. Here, we show that Arabidopsis thaliana seedlings deficient in PI4Kβ1 and β2 have several developmental defects including shorter roots and unfinished cytokinesis. The pi4kβ1β2 double mutant was insensitive to exogenous auxin concerning inhibition of root length and cell elongation; it also responded more slowly to gravistimulation. The pi4kß1ß2 root transcriptome displayed some similarities to a wild type plant response to auxin. Yet, not all the genes displayed such a constitutive auxin-like response. Besides, most assessed genes did not respond to exogenous auxin. This is consistent with data with the transcriptional reporter DR5-GUS. The content of bioactive auxin in the pi4kß1ß2 roots was similar to that in wild-type ones. Yet, an enhanced auxin-conjugating activity was detected and the auxin level reporter DII-VENUS did not respond to exogenous auxin in pi4kß1ß2 mutant. The mutant exhibited altered subcellular trafficking behavior including the trapping of PIN-FORMED 2 protein in rapidly moving vesicles. Bigger and less fragmented vacuoles were observed in pi4kß1ß2 roots when compared to the wild type. Furthermore, the actin filament web of the pi4kß1ß2 double mutant was less dense than in wild-type seedling roots, and less prone to rebuilding after treatment with latrunculin B. A mechanistic model is proposed in which an altered PI4K activity leads to actin filament disorganization, changes in vesicle trafficking, and altered auxin homeostasis and response resulting in a pleiotropic root phenotypes.
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Nemec‐Venza Z, Madden C, Stewart A, Liu W, Novák O, Pěnčík A, Cuming AC, Kamisugi Y, Harrison CJ. CLAVATA modulates auxin homeostasis and transport to regulate stem cell identity and plant shape in a moss. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2022; 234:149-163. [PMID: 35032334 PMCID: PMC9303531 DOI: 10.1111/nph.17969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The CLAVATA pathway is a key regulator of stem cell function in the multicellular shoot tips of Arabidopsis, where it acts via the WUSCHEL transcription factor to modulate hormone homeostasis. Broad-scale evolutionary comparisons have shown that CLAVATA is a conserved regulator of land plant stem cell function, but CLAVATA acts independently of WUSCHEL-like (WOX) proteins in bryophytes. The relationship between CLAVATA, hormone homeostasis and the evolution of land plant stem cell functions is unknown. Here we show that in the moss, Physcomitrella (Physcomitrium patens), CLAVATA affects stem cell activity by modulating hormone homeostasis. CLAVATA pathway genes are expressed in the tip cells of filamentous tissues, regulating cell identity, filament branching, plant spread and auxin synthesis. The receptor-like kinase PpRPK2 plays the major role, and Pprpk2 mutants have abnormal responses to cytokinin, auxin and auxin transport inhibition, and show reduced expression of PIN auxin transporters. We propose a model whereby PpRPK2 modulates auxin gradients in filaments to determine stem cell identity and overall plant form. Our data indicate that CLAVATA-mediated auxin homeostasis is a fundamental property of plant stem cell function, probably exhibited by the last shared common ancestor of land plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoe Nemec‐Venza
- School of Biological SciencesUniversity of Bristol24 Tyndall AvenueBristolBS8 1TQUK
| | - Connor Madden
- School of Biological SciencesUniversity of Bristol24 Tyndall AvenueBristolBS8 1TQUK
- Division of Psychological Medicine & Clinical NeurosciencesMRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics & GenomicsCardiff University School of MedicineHeath ParkCardiffCF14 4XNUK
| | - Amy Stewart
- School of Biological SciencesUniversity of Bristol24 Tyndall AvenueBristolBS8 1TQUK
| | - Wei Liu
- School of Biological SciencesUniversity of Bristol24 Tyndall AvenueBristolBS8 1TQUK
| | - Ondřej Novák
- Laboratory of Growth RegulatorsFaculty of Science of Palacký University and Institute of Experimental Botany of the Czech Academy of SciencesŠlechtitelů 27Olomouc78371Czech Republic
| | - Aleš Pěnčík
- Laboratory of Growth RegulatorsFaculty of Science of Palacký University and Institute of Experimental Botany of the Czech Academy of SciencesŠlechtitelů 27Olomouc78371Czech Republic
| | - Andrew C. Cuming
- Centre for Plant SciencesFaculty of Biological SciencesUniversity of LeedsLeedsLS2 9JTUK
| | - Yasuko Kamisugi
- School of Biological SciencesUniversity of Bristol24 Tyndall AvenueBristolBS8 1TQUK
- Centre for Plant SciencesFaculty of Biological SciencesUniversity of LeedsLeedsLS2 9JTUK
| | - C. Jill Harrison
- School of Biological SciencesUniversity of Bristol24 Tyndall AvenueBristolBS8 1TQUK
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40
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Ashraf MA, Rahman A. Cellular Protein Trafficking: A New Player in Low-Temperature Response Pathway. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:933. [PMID: 35406913 PMCID: PMC9003145 DOI: 10.3390/plants11070933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 03/26/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Unlike animals, plants are unable to escape unfavorable conditions, such as extremities of temperature. Among abiotic variables, the temperature is notableas it affects plants from the molecular to the organismal level. Because of global warming, understanding temperature effects on plants is salient today and should be focused not only on rising temperature but also greater variability in temperature that is now besetting the world's natural and agricultural ecosystems. Among the temperature stresses, low-temperature stress is one of the major stresses that limits crop productivity worldwide. Over the years, although substantial progress has been made in understanding low-temperature response mechanisms in plants, the research is more focused on aerial parts of the plants rather than on the root or whole plant, and more efforts have been made in identifying and testing the major regulators of this pathway preferably in the model organism rather than in crop plants. For the low-temperature stress response mechanism, ICE-CBF regulatory pathway turned out to be the solely established pathway, and historically most of the low-temperature research is focused on this single pathway instead of exploring other alternative regulators. In this review, we tried to take an in-depth look at our current understanding of low temperature-mediated plant growth response mechanism and present the recent advancement in cell biological studies that have opened a new horizon for finding promising and potential alternative regulators of the cold stress response pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Arif Ashraf
- Biology Department, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA;
| | - Abidur Rahman
- The United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Iwate University, Morioka 020-8550, Japan
- Department of Plant Biosciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Iwate University, Morioka 020-8550, Japan
- Department of Plant Sciences, College of Agriculture and Bioresources, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5A8, Canada
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41
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Huang S, Konishi N, Yamaji N, Shao JF, Mitani-Ueno N, Ma JF. Boron uptake in rice is regulated post-translationally via a clathrin-independent pathway. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 188:1649-1664. [PMID: 34893892 PMCID: PMC8896639 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiab575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Uptake of boron (B) in rice (Oryza sativa) is mediated by the Low silicon rice 1 (OsLsi1) channel, belonging to the NOD26-like intrinsic protein III subgroup, and the efflux transporter B transporter 1 (OsBOR1). However, it is unknown how these transporters cooperate for B uptake and how they are regulated in response to B fluctuations. Here, we examined the response of these two transporters to environmental B changes at the transcriptional and posttranslational level. OsBOR1 showed polar localization at the proximal side of both the exodermis and endodermis of mature root region, forming an efficient uptake system with OsLsi1 polarly localized at the distal side of the same cell layers. Expression of OsBOR1 and OsLsi1 was unaffected by B deficiency and excess. However, although OsLsi1 protein did not respond to high B at the protein level, OsBOR1 was degraded in response to high B within hours, which was accompanied with a significant decrease of total B uptake. The high B-induced degradation of OsBOR1 was inhibited in the presence of MG-132, a proteasome inhibitor, without disturbance of the polar localization. In contrast, neither the high B-induced degradation of OsBOR1 nor its polarity was affected by induced expression of dominant-negative mutated dynamin-related protein 1A (OsDRP1AK47A) or knockout of the mu subunit (AP2M) of adaptor protein-2 complex, suggesting that clathrin-mediated endocytosis is not involved in OsBOR1 degradation and polar localization. These results indicate that, in contrast to Arabidopsis thaliana, rice has a distinct regulatory mechanism for B uptake through clathrin-independent degradation of OsBOR1 in response to high B.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng Huang
- Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University, Kurashiki 710-0046, Japan
| | - Noriyuki Konishi
- Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University, Kurashiki 710-0046, Japan
| | - Naoki Yamaji
- Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University, Kurashiki 710-0046, Japan
| | - Ji Feng Shao
- Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University, Kurashiki 710-0046, Japan
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Zhejiang 311300, China
| | - Namiki Mitani-Ueno
- Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University, Kurashiki 710-0046, Japan
| | - Jian Feng Ma
- Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University, Kurashiki 710-0046, Japan
- Author for communication:
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42
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Cieslak M, Owens A, Prusinkiewicz P. Computational Models of Auxin-Driven Patterning in Shoots. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol 2022; 14:a040097. [PMID: 34001531 PMCID: PMC8886983 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a040097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Auxin regulates many aspects of plant development and behavior, including the initiation of new outgrowth, patterning of vascular systems, control of branching, and responses to the environment. Computational models have complemented experimental studies of these processes. We review these models from two perspectives. First, we consider cellular and tissue-level models of interaction between auxin and its transporters in shoots. These models form a coherent body of results exploring different hypotheses pertinent to the patterning of new outgrowth and vascular strands. Second, we consider models operating at the level of plant organs and entire plants. We highlight techniques used to reduce the complexity of these models, which provide a path to capturing the essence of studied phenomena while running simulations efficiently.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikolaj Cieslak
- Department of Computer Science, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Andrew Owens
- Department of Computer Science, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4, Canada
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43
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Liu BR, Zheng HR, Jiang XJ, Zhang PZ, Wei GZ. Serratene triterpenoids from Lycopodium cernuum L. as α-glucosidase inhibitors: Identification, structure-activity relationship and molecular docking studies. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2022; 185:112702. [PMID: 34953266 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2021.112702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Revised: 02/06/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Phytochemical investigation of Lycopodium cernuum L. afforded seven undescribed serratene triterpenoids named 3β, 21β-dihydroxyserra-14-en-24-oic acid-3β-(5'-hydroxybenzoate) (1), 3β, 21β, 24-trihydroxyserrat-14-en-3β-(5'-hydroxyl benzoate) (2), 3β, 14α, 15α, 21β-tetrahydroxyserratane-24-methyl ester (3), 3β, 14α, 21β-trihydroxyserratane-15α-(4'-methoxy-5'-hydroxybenzoate)-24-methyl ester (4), 3β, 14α, 21β-trihydroxyserratane-15α-(4'-methoxy-5'-hydroxybenzoate) (5), 3β-hydroxy-21β-acetate-16-oxoserrat-14-en-24-oic acid (6), 3β, 21β-dihydroxy-16α, 29-epoxyserrat-14-en-24-methyl ester (7), together with eleven known compounds (8-18), whose chemical structures were elucidated through spectroscopic analysis of HRESIMS, 1D NMR, 2D NMR and comparison between the literature. All compounds were evaluated for their α-glucosidase inhibitory activity for the first time. The results showed that compounds 1, 2, 4, 5, 6, 10, 13, 15, and 16 were among the most potent α-glucosidase inhibitors, with IC50 values ranging from 23.22 ± 0.64 to 50.65 ± 0.82 μM. Structure-activity relationship (SAR) studies indicated that the combined properties of the 5-hydroxybenzoate moiety at C-3, β-OH at C-21, COOH- at C-24, and Δ14,15 groups enabled an increase in the α-glucosidase inhibitory effect. In addition, molecular docking studies showed that the potential inhibitors mainly interact with key amino acid residues in the active site of α-glucosidase through hydrogen bonds and hydrophobic forces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing-Rui Liu
- College of Chemistry and Technology, Hebei Agricultural University, Huanghua, 061100, PR China; College of Public Heath, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, 063503, PR China
| | - Hai-Rong Zheng
- Reference Substance Branch, National Engineering Research Center for Modernization of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Kunming, 650201, PR China; BioBioPha Co., Ltd., Kunming, 650201, PR China
| | - Xian-Jun Jiang
- Reference Substance Branch, National Engineering Research Center for Modernization of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Kunming, 650201, PR China; BioBioPha Co., Ltd., Kunming, 650201, PR China
| | - Pu-Zhao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Modern Preparation of TCM. Ministry of Education, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, 330004, PR China.
| | - Guo-Zhu Wei
- Reference Substance Branch, National Engineering Research Center for Modernization of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Kunming, 650201, PR China; BioBioPha Co., Ltd., Kunming, 650201, PR China.
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44
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Rutten J, van den Berg T, Tusscher KT. Modeling Auxin Signaling in Roots: Auxin Computations. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol 2022; 14:a040089. [PMID: 34001532 PMCID: PMC8805645 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a040089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Auxin signaling and patterning is an inherently complex process, involving polarized auxin transport, metabolism, and signaling, its effect on developmental zones, as well as growth rates, and the feedback between all these different aspects. This complexity has led to an important role for computational modeling in unraveling the multifactorial roles of auxin in plant developmental and adaptive processes. Here we discuss the basic ingredients of auxin signaling and patterning models for root development as well as a series of key modeling studies in this area. These modeling studies have helped elucidate how plants use auxin signaling to compute the size of their root meristem, the direction in which to grow, and when and where to form lateral roots. Importantly, these models highlight how auxin, through patterning of and collaborating with other factors, can fulfill all these roles simultaneously.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaap Rutten
- Computational Developmental Biology Group, Utrecht University, Utrecht 3584 CH, The Netherlands
| | - Thea van den Berg
- Computational Developmental Biology Group, Utrecht University, Utrecht 3584 CH, The Netherlands
| | - Kirsten Ten Tusscher
- Computational Developmental Biology Group, Utrecht University, Utrecht 3584 CH, The Netherlands
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45
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Chang S, Huang G, Wang D, Zhu W, Shi J, Yang L, Liang W, Xie Q, Zhang D. Rice SIAH E3 Ligases Interact with RMD Formin and Affect Plant Morphology. RICE (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2022; 15:6. [PMID: 35075530 PMCID: PMC8786996 DOI: 10.1186/s12284-022-00554-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Formins are actin-binding proteins that are key to maintaining the actin cytoskeleton in cells. However, molecular mechanisms controlling the stability of formin proteins in plants remain unknown. Here, we have identified six rice SIAH-type E3 ligases, named RIP1-6 (RMD Interacting Protein 1-6) respectively, with ubiquitination enzyme activity in vitro. All six proteins can form homo- and hetero-dimers with themselves, and hetero-dimers with type II formin RMD/OsFH5. In vivo assays showed that RIP1-6 proteins localize in the cytoplasm with a punctate distribution, and all of them interact with RMD to change its native diffuse cytoplasmic localization to match that of RIP1-6. To our surprise, degradation experiments revealed that RIP1, RIP5, and RIP6 decrease rather than increase the degradation rate of RMD. Genetic analyses revealed redundancy between these six genes; either single or double mutants did not show any obvious phenotypes. However, the sextuple rip1-6 mutant displayed dwarf height, wrinkled seeds and wider leaves that were similar to the previously reported rmd mutant, and defective microfilaments and increased flag leaf angles that were not reported in rmd mutant. Collectively, our study provides insights into the mechanisms determining formin protein stability in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuwei Chang
- School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, People's Republic of China
| | - Guoqiang Huang
- School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, People's Republic of China
| | - Duoxiang Wang
- School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, People's Republic of China
| | - Wanwan Zhu
- School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianxin Shi
- School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, People's Republic of China
| | - Litao Yang
- School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, People's Republic of China
| | - Wanqi Liang
- School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, People's Republic of China
| | - Qi Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, People's Republic of China
| | - Dabing Zhang
- School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, People's Republic of China.
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Ramalho JJ, Jones VAS, Mutte S, Weijers D. Pole position: How plant cells polarize along the axes. THE PLANT CELL 2022; 34:174-192. [PMID: 34338785 PMCID: PMC8774072 DOI: 10.1093/plcell/koab203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Having a sense of direction is a fundamental cellular trait that can determine cell shape, division orientation, or function, and ultimately the formation of a functional, multicellular body. Cells acquire and integrate directional information by establishing discrete subcellular domains along an axis with distinct molecular profiles, a process known as cell polarization. Insight into the principles and mechanisms underlying cell polarity has been propelled by decades of extensive research mostly in yeast and animal models. Our understanding of cell polarity establishment in plants, which lack most of the regulatory molecules identified in other eukaryotes, is more limited, but significant progress has been made in recent years. In this review, we explore how plant cells coordinately establish stable polarity axes aligned with the organ axes, highlighting similarities in the molecular logic used to polarize both plant and animal cells. We propose a classification system for plant cell polarity events and nomenclature guidelines. Finally, we provide a deep phylogenetic analysis of polar proteins and discuss the evolution of polarity machineries in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Sumanth Mutte
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Wageningen University, Stippeneng 4, 6703WE Wageningen, The Netherlands
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47
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Xiong C, Li X, Wang X, Wang J, Lambers H, Vance CP, Shen J, Cheng L. Flavonoids are involved in phosphorus-deficiency-induced cluster-root formation in white lupin. ANNALS OF BOTANY 2022; 129:101-112. [PMID: 34668958 PMCID: PMC8829899 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcab131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/16/2021] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Initiation of cluster roots in white lupin (Lupinus albus) under phosphorus (P) deficiency requires auxin signalling, whereas flavonoids inhibit auxin transport. However, little information is available about the interactions between P deficiency and flavonoids in terms of cluster-root formation in white lupin. METHODS Hydroponic and aeroponic systems were used to investigate the role of flavonoids in cluster-root formation, with or without 75 μm P supply. KEY RESULTS Phosphorus-deficiency-induced flavonoid accumulation in cluster roots depended on developmental stage, based on in situ determination of fluorescence of flavonoids and flavonoid concentration. LaCHS8, which codes for a chalcone synthase isoform, was highly expressed in cluster roots, and silencing LaCHS8 reduced flavonoid production and rootlet density. Exogenous flavonoids suppressed cluster-root formation. Tissue-specific distribution of flavonoids in roots was altered by P deficiency, suggesting that P deficiency induced flavonoid accumulation, thus fine-tuning the effect of flavonoids on cluster-root formation. Furthermore, naringenin inhibited expression of an auxin-responsive DR5:GUS marker, suggesting an interaction of flavonoids and auxin in regulating cluster-root formation. CONCLUSIONS Phosphorus deficiency triggered cluster-root formation through the regulation of flavonoid distribution, which fine-tuned an auxin response in the early stages of cluster-root development. These findings provide valuable insights into the mechanisms of cluster-root formation under P deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuanyong Xiong
- Department of Plant Nutrition, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Academy of National Agriculture Green Development, Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions, Ministry of Education, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoqing Li
- Department of Plant Nutrition, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Academy of National Agriculture Green Development, Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions, Ministry of Education, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Xin Wang
- Department of Plant Nutrition, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Academy of National Agriculture Green Development, Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions, Ministry of Education, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Jingxin Wang
- Department of Plant Nutrition, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Academy of National Agriculture Green Development, Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions, Ministry of Education, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Hans Lambers
- Department of Plant Nutrition, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Academy of National Agriculture Green Development, Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions, Ministry of Education, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- School of Biological Sciences and UWA Institute of Agriculture, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Carroll P Vance
- Department of Agronomy and Plant Genetics, University of Minnesota and United States Department of Agriculture Agricultural Research Service, St. Paul, MN, USA
| | - Jianbo Shen
- Department of Plant Nutrition, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Academy of National Agriculture Green Development, Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions, Ministry of Education, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- For correspondence. E-mail ;
| | - Lingyun Cheng
- Department of Plant Nutrition, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Academy of National Agriculture Green Development, Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions, Ministry of Education, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- For correspondence. E-mail ;
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McKay DW, McFarlane HE, Qu Y, Situmorang A, Gilliham M, Wege S. Plant Trans-Golgi Network/Early Endosome pH regulation requires Cation Chloride Cotransporter (CCC1). eLife 2022; 11:70701. [PMID: 34989335 PMCID: PMC8791640 DOI: 10.7554/elife.70701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Plant cells maintain a low luminal pH in the trans-Golgi-network/early endosome (TGN/EE), the organelle in which the secretory and endocytic pathways intersect. Impaired TGN/EE pH regulation translates into severe plant growth defects. The identity of the proton pump and proton/ion antiporters that regulate TGN/EE pH have been determined, but an essential component required to complete the TGN/EE membrane transport circuit remains unidentified − a pathway for cation and anion efflux. Here, we have used complementation, genetically encoded fluorescent sensors, and pharmacological treatments to demonstrate that Arabidopsis cation chloride cotransporter (CCC1) is this missing component necessary for regulating TGN/EE pH and function. Loss of CCC1 function leads to alterations in TGN/EE-mediated processes including endocytic trafficking, exocytosis, and response to abiotic stress, consistent with the multitude of phenotypic defects observed in ccc1 knockout plants. This discovery places CCC1 as a central component of plant cellular function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel W McKay
- School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, Waite Research Institute, ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, University of Adelaide, Waite Campus, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Heather E McFarlane
- School of Biosciences, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia.,Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Yue Qu
- School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, Waite Research Institute, ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, University of Adelaide, Waite Campus, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Apriadi Situmorang
- School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, Waite Research Institute, ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, University of Adelaide, Waite Campus, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Matthew Gilliham
- School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, Waite Research Institute, ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, University of Adelaide, Waite Campus, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Stefanie Wege
- School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, Waite Research Institute, ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, University of Adelaide, Waite Campus, Adelaide, Australia
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Luo C, Shi Y, Xiang Y. SNAREs Regulate Vesicle Trafficking During Root Growth and Development. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:853251. [PMID: 35360325 PMCID: PMC8964185 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.853251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
SNARE (soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor attachment protein receptor) proteins assemble to drive the final membrane fusion step of membrane trafficking. Thus, SNAREs are essential for membrane fusion and vesicular trafficking, which are fundamental mechanisms for maintaining cellular homeostasis. In plants, SNAREs have been demonstrated to be located in different subcellular compartments and involved in a variety of fundamental processes, such as cytokinesis, cytoskeleton organization, symbiosis, and biotic and abiotic stress responses. In addition, SNAREs can also contribute to the normal growth and development of Arabidopsis. Here, we review recent progress in understanding the biological functions and signaling network of SNAREs in vesicle trafficking and the regulation of root growth and development in Arabidopsis.
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Wu Y, Chang Y, Luo L, Tian W, Gong Q, Liu X. Abscisic acid employs NRP-dependent PIN2 vacuolar degradation to suppress auxin-mediated primary root elongation in Arabidopsis. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2022; 233:297-312. [PMID: 34618941 DOI: 10.1111/nph.17783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 09/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
How plants balance growth and stress adaptation is a long-standing topic in plant biology. Abscisic acid (ABA) induces the expression of the stress-responsive Asparagine Rich Protein (NRP), which promotes the vacuolar degradation of PP6 phosphatase FyPP3, releasing ABI5 transcription factor to initiate transcription. Whether NRP is required for growth remains unknown. We generated an nrp1 nrp2 double mutant, which had a dwarf phenotype that can be rescued by inhibiting auxin transport. Insufficient auxin in the transition zone and over-accumulation of auxin at the root tip was responsible for the short elongation zone and short-root phenotype of nrp1 nrp2. The auxin efflux carrier PIN2 over-accumulated in nrp1 nrp2 and became de-polarized at the plasma membrane, leading to slower root basipetal auxin transport. Knock-out of PIN2 suppressed the dwarf phenotype of nrp1 nrp2. Furthermore, ABA can induce NRP-dependent vacuolar degradation of PIN2 to inhibit primary root elongation. FyPP3 also is required for NRP-mediated PIN2 turnover. In summary, in growth condition, NRP promotes PIN2 vacuolar degradation to help maintain PIN2 protein concentration and polarity, facilitating the establishment of the elongation zone and primary root elongation. When stressed, ABA employs this pathway to inhibit root elongation for stress adaptation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanying Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Protein Science, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Yue Chang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Protein Science, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Liming Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism & Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic and Developmental Sciences, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Wenqi Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Protein Science, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Qingqiu Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism & Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic and Developmental Sciences, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Xinqi Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Protein Science, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
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