1
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Watanabe N, Tamai R, Kiyoura Y. Alendronate augments lipid A‑induced IL‑1β release by ASC‑deficient RAW264 cells via AP‑1 activation. Exp Ther Med 2023; 26:577. [PMID: 38023354 PMCID: PMC10655061 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2023.12276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Alendronate (ALN) is an anti-bone-resorptive drug with inflammatory side effects. ALN upregulates lipid A-induced interleukin (IL)-1α and IL-1β release by J774.1 cells via apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a caspase recruitment domain (ASC) activation. The present study examined whether ALN augmented lipid A-induced proinflammatory cytokine production using ASC-deficient mouse macrophage-like RAW264 cells. Pretreatment of RAW264 cells with ALN significantly augmented lipid A-induced IL-1β release, although ALN did not upregulate the expression of Toll-like receptor 4, myeloid differentiation factor 88 (MyD88) and caspase-11. Moreover, pretreatment of caspase-11-deficient RAW264.7 cells with ALN significantly augmented lipid A-induced IL-1β release. Notably, ALN upregulated the activation of FosB, c-Jun or JunD, but not c-Fos or NF-κB in RAW264 cells. Furthermore, pretreatment with the activator protein 1 (AP-1) inhibitor SR11302, but not the c-Fos inhibitor T-5224, before addition of ALN inhibited ALN-augmented IL-1β release by lipid A-treated RAW264 cells. SR11302 also reduced ALN-augmented lactate dehydrogenase release by the cells. These findings collectively suggested that ALN augmented lipid A-induced IL-1β release and cell membrane damage in ASC-deficient RAW264 cells via activation of AP-1, but not NF-κB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noriyuki Watanabe
- Department of Oral Infectious Diseases, Ohu University Graduate School of Dentistry, Koriyama, Fukushima 963-8611, Japan
| | - Riyoko Tamai
- Department of Oral Infectious Diseases, Ohu University Graduate School of Dentistry, Koriyama, Fukushima 963-8611, Japan
- Department of Oral Medical Science, Ohu University School of Dentistry, Koriyama, Fukushima 963-8611, Japan
| | - Yusuke Kiyoura
- Department of Oral Infectious Diseases, Ohu University Graduate School of Dentistry, Koriyama, Fukushima 963-8611, Japan
- Department of Oral Medical Science, Ohu University School of Dentistry, Koriyama, Fukushima 963-8611, Japan
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2
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Bhattacharya P, Dhawan UK, Hussain MT, Singh P, Bhagat KK, Singhal A, Austin-Williams S, Sengupta S, Subramanian M. Efferocytes release extracellular vesicles to resolve inflammation and tissue injury via prosaposin-GPR37 signaling. Cell Rep 2023; 42:112808. [PMID: 37436891 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.112808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Revised: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Macrophages release soluble mediators following efferocytic clearance of apoptotic cells to facilitate intercellular communication and promote the resolution of inflammation. However, whether inflammation resolution is modulated by extracellular vesicles (EVs) and vesicular mediators released by efferocytes is not known. We report that efferocyte-derived EVs express prosaposin, which binds to macrophage GPR37 to increase expression of the efferocytosis receptor Tim4 via an ERK-AP1-dependent signaling axis, leading to increased macrophage efferocytosis efficiency and accelerated resolution of inflammation. Neutralization and knockdown of prosaposin or blocking GRP37 abrogates the pro-resolution effects of efferocyte-derived EVs in vivo. Administration of efferocyte-derived EVs in a murine model of atherosclerosis is associated with an increase in lesional macrophage efferocytosis efficiency and a decrease in plaque necrosis and lesional inflammation. Thus, we establish a critical role for efferocyte-derived vesicular mediators in increasing macrophage efferocytosis efficiency and accelerating the resolution of inflammation and tissue injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Purbasha Bhattacharya
- CSIR - Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, New Delhi, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Umesh Kumar Dhawan
- William Harvey Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Mohammed Tayab Hussain
- William Harvey Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Praveen Singh
- CSIR - Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, New Delhi, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Karran Kiran Bhagat
- William Harvey Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Aarushi Singhal
- William Harvey Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Shani Austin-Williams
- William Harvey Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Shantanu Sengupta
- CSIR - Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, New Delhi, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Manikandan Subramanian
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India; William Harvey Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK.
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3
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He YY, Zhou HF, Chen L, Wang YT, Xie WL, Xu ZZ, Xiong Y, Feng YQ, Liu GY, Li X, Liu J, Wu QP. The Fra-1: Novel role in regulating extensive immune cell states and affecting inflammatory diseases. Front Immunol 2022; 13:954744. [PMID: 36032067 PMCID: PMC9404335 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.954744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Fra-1(Fos-related antigen1), a member of transcription factor activator protein (AP-1), plays an important role in cell proliferation, apoptosis, differentiation, inflammation, oncogenesis and tumor metastasis. Accumulating evidence suggest that the malignancy and invasive ability of tumors can be significantly changed by directly targeting Fra-1. Besides, the effects of Fra-1 are gradually revealed in immune and inflammatory settings, such as arthritis, pneumonia, psoriasis and cardiovascular disease. These regulatory mechanisms that orchestrate immune and non-immune cells underlie Fra-1 as a potential therapeutic target for a variety of human diseases. In this review, we focus on the current knowledge of Fra-1 in immune system, highlighting its unique importance in regulating tissue homeostasis. In addition, we also discuss the possible critical intervention strategy in diseases, which also outline future research and development avenues.
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4
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Brennan A, Leech JT, Kad NM, Mason JM. An Approach to Derive Functional Peptide Inhibitors of Transcription Factor Activity. JACS AU 2022; 2:996-1006. [PMID: 35557753 PMCID: PMC9088798 DOI: 10.1021/jacsau.2c00105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Revised: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
We report the development of a high-throughput, intracellular "transcription block survival" (TBS) screening platform to derive functional transcription factor antagonists. TBS is demonstrated using the oncogenic transcriptional regulator cJun, with the development of antagonists that bind cJun and prevent both dimerization and, more importantly, DNA binding remaining a primary challenge. In TBS, cognate TRE sites are introduced into the coding region of the essential gene, dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR). Introduction of cJun leads to TRE binding, preventing DHFR expression by directly blocking RNA polymerase gene transcription to abrogate cell proliferation. Peptide library screening identified a sequence that both binds cJun and antagonizes function by preventing DNA binding, as demonstrated by restored cell viability and subsequent in vitro hit validation. TBS is an entirely tag-free genotype-to-phenotype approach, selecting desirable attributes such as high solubility, target specificity, and low toxicity within a complex cellular environment. TBS facilitates rapid library screening to accelerate the identification of therapeutically valuable sequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Brennan
- Department
of Biology & Biochemistry, University
of Bath, Bath BA2 7AY, U.K.
| | - James T. Leech
- School
of Biosciences, University of Kent, Canterbury CT2 7NH, U.K.
| | - Neil M. Kad
- School
of Biosciences, University of Kent, Canterbury CT2 7NH, U.K.
| | - Jody M. Mason
- Department
of Biology & Biochemistry, University
of Bath, Bath BA2 7AY, U.K.
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5
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Melis M, Tang XH, Trasino SE, Gudas LJ. Retinoids in the Pathogenesis and Treatment of Liver Diseases. Nutrients 2022; 14:1456. [PMID: 35406069 PMCID: PMC9002467 DOI: 10.3390/nu14071456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Revised: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Vitamin A (VA), all-trans-retinol (ROL), and its analogs are collectively called retinoids. Acting through the retinoic acid receptors RARα, RARβ, and RARγ, all-trans-retinoic acid, an active metabolite of VA, is a potent regulator of numerous biological pathways, including embryonic and somatic cellular differentiation, immune functions, and energy metabolism. The liver is the primary organ for retinoid storage and metabolism in humans. For reasons that remain incompletely understood, a body of evidence shows that reductions in liver retinoids, aberrant retinoid metabolism, and reductions in RAR signaling are implicated in numerous diseases of the liver, including hepatocellular carcinoma, non-alcohol-associated fatty liver diseases, and alcohol-associated liver diseases. Conversely, restoration of retinoid signaling, pharmacological treatments with natural and synthetic retinoids, and newer agonists for specific RARs show promising benefits for treatment of a number of these liver diseases. Here we provide a comprehensive review of the literature demonstrating a role for retinoids in limiting the pathogenesis of these diseases and in the treatment of liver diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Melis
- Department of Pharmacology, Weill Cornell Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY 10021, USA; (M.M.); (X.-H.T.)
| | - Xiao-Han Tang
- Department of Pharmacology, Weill Cornell Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY 10021, USA; (M.M.); (X.-H.T.)
| | - Steven E. Trasino
- Nutrition Program, Hunter College, City University of New York, New York, NY 10065, USA;
| | - Lorraine J. Gudas
- Department of Pharmacology, Weill Cornell Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY 10021, USA; (M.M.); (X.-H.T.)
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6
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Asxl1 loss cooperates with oncogenic Nras in mice to reprogram the immune microenvironment and drive leukemic transformation. Blood 2022; 139:1066-1079. [PMID: 34699595 PMCID: PMC8854684 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2021012519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutations in chromatin regulator ASXL1 are frequently identified in myeloid malignancies, in particular ∼40% of patients with chronic myelomonocytic leukemia (CMML). ASXL1 mutations are associated with poor prognosis in CMML and significantly co-occur with NRAS mutations. Here, we show that concurrent ASXL1 and NRAS mutations defined a population of CMML patients who had shorter leukemia-free survival than those with ASXL1 mutation only. Corroborating this human data, Asxl1-/- accelerated CMML progression and promoted CMML transformation to acute myeloid leukemia (AML) in NrasG12D/+ mice. NrasG12D/+;Asxl1-/- (NA) leukemia cells displayed hyperactivation of MEK/ERK signaling, increased global levels of H3K27ac, upregulation of Flt3. Moreover, we find that NA-AML cells overexpressed all the major inhibitory immune checkpoint ligands: programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1)/PD-L2, CD155, and CD80/CD86. Among them, overexpression of PD-L1 and CD86 correlated with upregulation of AP-1 transcription factors (TFs) in NA-AML cells. An AP-1 inhibitor or short hairpin RNAs against AP-1 TF Jun decreased PD-L1 and CD86 expression in NA-AML cells. Once NA-AML cells were transplanted into syngeneic recipients, NA-derived T cells were not detectable. Host-derived wild-type T cells overexpressed programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) and T-cell immunoreceptor with immunoglobulin and ITIM domains (TIGIT) receptors, leading to a predominant exhausted T-cell phenotype. Combined inhibition of MEK and BET resulted in downregulation of Flt3 and AP-1 expression, partial restoration of the immune microenvironment, enhancement of CD8 T-cell cytotoxicity, and prolonged survival in NA-AML mice. Our study suggests that combined targeted therapy and immunotherapy may be beneficial for treating secondary AML with concurrent ASXL1 and NRAS mutations.
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7
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Kadur Lakshminarasimha Murthy P, Xi R, Arguijo D, Everitt JI, Kocak DD, Kobayashi Y, Bozec A, Vicent S, Ding S, Crawford GE, Hsu D, Tata PR, Reddy T, Shen X. Epigenetic basis of oncogenic-Kras-mediated epithelial-cellular proliferation and plasticity. Dev Cell 2022; 57:310-328.e9. [PMID: 35134344 PMCID: PMC8938988 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2022.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2019] [Revised: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Oncogenic Kras induces a hyper-proliferative state that permits cells to progress to neoplasms in diverse epithelial tissues. Depending on the cell of origin, this also involves lineage transformation. Although a multitude of downstream factors have been implicated in these processes, the precise chronology of molecular events controlling them remains elusive. Using mouse models, primary human tissues, and cell lines, we show that, in Kras-mutant alveolar type II cells (AEC2), FOSL1-based AP-1 factor guides the mSWI/SNF complex to increase chromatin accessibility at genomic loci controlling the expression of genes necessary for neoplastic transformation. We identified two orthogonal processes in Kras-mutant distal airway club cells. The first promoted their transdifferentiation into an AEC2-like state through NKX2.1, and the second controlled oncogenic transformation through the AP-1 complex. Our results suggest that neoplasms retain an epigenetic memory of their cell of origin through cell-type-specific transcription factors. Our analysis showed that a cross-tissue-conserved AP-1-dependent chromatin remodeling program regulates carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Preetish Kadur Lakshminarasimha Murthy
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA; Sibley School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA; Department of Cell Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA. :
| | - Rui Xi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA; Center for Genomics and Computational Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Diana Arguijo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Jeffrey I Everitt
- Department of Pathology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Dewran D Kocak
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA; Center for Genomics and Computational Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Yoshihiko Kobayashi
- Department of Cell Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Aline Bozec
- Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Department of Internal Medicine 3 - Rheumatology and Immunology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Silvestre Vicent
- University of Navarra, Center for Applied Medical Research, Program in Solid Tumors, Pamplona, Spain; University of Navarra, Department of Pathology, Anatomy and Physiology, Pamplona, Spain; IdiSNA, Navarra Institute for Health Research, Pamplona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Shengli Ding
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA; Center for Genomics and Computational Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA; Center for Advanced Genomic Technologies, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Gregory E Crawford
- Center for Genomics and Computational Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA; Center for Advanced Genomic Technologies, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Division of Medical Genetics, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - David Hsu
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Purushothama Rao Tata
- Department of Cell Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA; Center for Advanced Genomic Technologies, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Timothy Reddy
- Center for Genomics and Computational Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA; Center for Advanced Genomic Technologies, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA; Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Xiling Shen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA; Center for Genomics and Computational Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA; Center for Advanced Genomic Technologies, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA; Terasaki Institute for Biomedical Innovation, Los Angeles, CA 90024, USA.
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8
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Bhalla M, Heinzinger LR, Morenikeji OB, Marzullo B, Thomas BN, Bou Ghanem EN. Transcriptome Profiling Reveals CD73 and Age-Driven Changes in Neutrophil Responses against Streptococcus pneumoniae. Infect Immun 2021; 89:e0025821. [PMID: 34310891 PMCID: PMC8519284 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00258-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Neutrophils are required for host resistance against Streptococcus pneumoniae, but their function declines with age. We previously found that CD73, an enzyme required for antimicrobial activity, is downregulated in neutrophils (also known as polymorphonuclear leukocytes [PMNs]) from aged mice. This study explored transcriptional changes in neutrophils induced by S. pneumoniae to identify pathways controlled by CD73 and dysregulated with age. Pure bone marrow-derived neutrophils isolated from wild-type (WT) young and old and CD73 knockout (CD73KO) young mice were mock challenged or infected with S. pneumoniae ex vivo. RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq) was performed to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs). We found that infection triggered distinct global transcriptional changes across hosts that were strongest in CD73KO neutrophils. Surprisingly, there were more downregulated than upregulated genes in all groups upon infection. Downregulated DEGs indicated a dampening of immune responses in old and CD73KO hosts. Further analysis revealed that CD73KO neutrophils expressed higher numbers of long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) than those in WT controls. Predicted network analysis indicated that CD73KO-specific lncRNAs control several signaling pathways. We found that genes in the c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK)-mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway were upregulated upon infection in CD73KO mice and in WT old mice, but not in WT young mice. This corresponded to functional differences, as phosphorylation of the downstream AP-1 transcription factor component c-Jun was significantly higher in neutrophils from infected CD73KO mice and old mice. Importantly, inhibition of JNK/AP-1 rescued the ability of these neutrophils to kill S. pneumoniae. Together, our findings revealed that the ability of neutrophils to modify their gene expression to better adapt to bacterial infection is in part regulated by CD73 and declines with age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manmeet Bhalla
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, State University of New York at Buffalo School of Medicine, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Lauren R. Heinzinger
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, State University of New York at Buffalo School of Medicine, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Olanrewaju B. Morenikeji
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Health Sciences and Technology, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, New York, USA
- Division of Biological and Health Sciences, University of Pittsburgh–Bradford, Bradford, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Brandon Marzullo
- Department of Biochemistry and Center of Excellence in Bioinformatics and Life Sciences, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Bolaji N. Thomas
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Health Sciences and Technology, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, New York, USA
| | - Elsa N. Bou Ghanem
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, State University of New York at Buffalo School of Medicine, Buffalo, New York, USA
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9
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Suganuma E, Sato S, Honda S, Nakazawa A. All trans retinoic acid alleviates coronary stenosis by regulating smooth muscle cell function in a mouse model of Kawasaki disease. Sci Rep 2021; 11:13856. [PMID: 34226641 PMCID: PMC8257698 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-93459-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Coronary artery (CA) stenosis is a detrimental and often life-threatening sequela in Kawasaki disease (KD) patients with coronary artery aneurysm (CAA). Therapeutic strategies for these patients have not yet been established. All-trans-retinoic acid (atRA) is a modulator of smooth muscle cell functions. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of atRA on CA stenosis in a mouse model of KD. Lactobacillus casei cell wall extract (LCWE) was intraperitoneally injected into 5-week-old male C57BL/6 J mice to induce CA stenosis. Two weeks later, the mice were orally administered atRA (30 mg/kg) 5 days per week for 14 weeks (LCWE + atRA group, n = 7). Mice in the untreated group (LCWE group, n = 6) received corn oil alone. Control mice were injected with phosphate-buffered saline (PBS, n = 5). Treatment with atRA significantly suppressed CA inflammation (19.3 ± 2.8 vs 4.4 ± 2.8, p < 0.0001) and reduced the incidence of CA stenosis (100% vs 18.5%, p < 0.05). In addition, atRA suppressed the migration of human coronary artery smooth muscle cells (HCASMCs) induced by platelet-derived growth factor subunit B homodimer (PDGF-BB). In conclusion, atRA dramatically alleviated CA stenosis by suppressing SMC migration. Therefore, it is expected to have clinical applications preventing CA stenosis in KD patients with CAA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eisuke Suganuma
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Allergy, Saitama Children's Medical Center, 1-2 Shintoshin Chuou-ku Saitama-shi, Saitama, 330-8777, Japan.
| | - Satoshi Sato
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Allergy, Saitama Children's Medical Center, 1-2 Shintoshin Chuou-ku Saitama-shi, Saitama, 330-8777, Japan
| | - Satoko Honda
- Division of Clinical Research, Saitama Children's Medical Center, Saitama, Japan
| | - Atsuko Nakazawa
- Division of Clinical Research, Saitama Children's Medical Center, Saitama, Japan
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10
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Fan F, Podar K. The Role of AP-1 Transcription Factors in Plasma Cell Biology and Multiple Myeloma Pathophysiology. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:2326. [PMID: 34066181 PMCID: PMC8151277 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13102326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Revised: 05/02/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple myeloma (MM) is an incurable hematologic malignancy characterized by the clonal expansion of malignant plasma cells within the bone marrow. Activator Protein-1 (AP-1) transcription factors (TFs), comprised of the JUN, FOS, ATF and MAF multigene families, are implicated in a plethora of physiologic processes and tumorigenesis including plasma cell differentiation and MM pathogenesis. Depending on the genetic background, the tumor stage, and cues of the tumor microenvironment, specific dimeric AP-1 complexes are formed. For example, AP-1 complexes containing Fra-1, Fra-2 and B-ATF play central roles in the transcriptional control of B cell development and plasma cell differentiation, while dysregulation of AP-1 family members c-Maf, c-Jun, and JunB is associated with MM cell proliferation, survival, drug resistance, bone marrow angiogenesis, and bone disease. The present review article summarizes our up-to-date knowledge on the role of AP-1 family members in plasma cell differentiation and MM pathophysiology. Moreover, it discusses novel, rationally derived approaches to therapeutically target AP-1 TFs, including protein-protein and protein-DNA binding inhibitors, epigenetic modifiers and natural products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengjuan Fan
- Institute of Hematology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Jiefang Avenue 1277, Wuhan 430022, China;
| | - Klaus Podar
- Department of Internal Medicine II, University Hospital Krems, Mitterweg 10, 3500 Krems an der Donau, Austria
- Molecular Oncology and Hematology Unit, Karl Landsteiner University of Health Sciences, Dr.-Karl-Dorrek-Strasse 30, 3500 Krems an der Donau, Austria
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11
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Zhang M, Hoyle RG, Ma Z, Sun B, Cai W, Cai H, Xie N, Zhang Y, Hou J, Liu X, Chen D, Kellogg GE, Harada H, Sun Y, Wang C, Li J. FOSL1 promotes metastasis of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma through super-enhancer-driven transcription program. Mol Ther 2021; 29:2583-2600. [PMID: 33794365 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2021.03.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2020] [Revised: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Previously, we discovered that FOSL1 facilitates the metastasis of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) cancer stem cells in a spontaneous mouse model. However, the molecular mechanisms remained unclear. Here, we demonstrated that FOSL1 serves as the dominant activating protein 1 (AP1) family member and is significantly upregulated in HNSCC tumor tissues and correlated with metastasis of HNSCC. Mechanistically, FOSL1 exerts its function in promoting tumorigenicity and metastasis predominantly via selective association with Mediators to establish super-enhancers (SEs) at a cohort of cancer stemness and pro-metastatic genes, such as SNAI2 and FOSL1 itself. Depletion of FOSL1 led to disruption of SEs and expression inhibition of these key oncogenes, which resulted in the suppression of tumor initiation and metastasis. We also revealed that the abundance of FOSL1 is positively associated with the abundance of SNAI2 in HNSCC and the high expression levels of FOSL1 and SNAI2 are associated with short overall disease-free survival. Finally, the administration of the FOSL1 inhibitor SR11302 significantly suppressed tumor growth and lymph node metastasis of HNSCC in a patient-derived xenograft model. These findings indicate that FOSL1 is a master regulator that promotes the metastasis of HNSCC through a SE-driven transcription program that may represent an attractive target for therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Zhang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510055, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Rosalie G Hoyle
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298-0540, USA
| | - Zhikun Ma
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298-0540, USA
| | - Bo Sun
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298-0540, USA
| | - Weixin Cai
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298-0540, USA
| | - Hongshi Cai
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510055, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Nan Xie
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China; Department of Oral Pathology, Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510055, China
| | - Yadong Zhang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510055, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Jinsong Hou
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510055, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Xiqiang Liu
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Demeng Chen
- Center for Translational Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Glen E Kellogg
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298-0540, USA; Institute for Structural Biology, Drug Discovery and Development, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298-0540, USA
| | - Hisashi Harada
- Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298-0540, USA; Department of Oral and Craniofacial Molecular Biology, School of Dentistry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298-0540, USA; Philips Institute for Oral Health Research, School of Dentistry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298-0540, USA
| | - Yue Sun
- Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298-0540, USA; Department of Oral and Craniofacial Molecular Biology, School of Dentistry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298-0540, USA; Philips Institute for Oral Health Research, School of Dentistry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298-0540, USA
| | - Cheng Wang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510055, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China.
| | - Jiong Li
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298-0540, USA; Institute for Structural Biology, Drug Discovery and Development, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298-0540, USA; Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298-0540, USA; Department of Oral and Craniofacial Molecular Biology, School of Dentistry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298-0540, USA; Philips Institute for Oral Health Research, School of Dentistry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298-0540, USA.
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12
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Watt AC, Cejas P, DeCristo MJ, Metzger-Filho O, Lam EYN, Qiu X, BrinJones H, Kesten N, Coulson R, Font-Tello A, Lim K, Vadhi R, Daniels VW, Montero J, Taing L, Meyer CA, Gilan O, Bell CC, Korthauer KD, Giambartolomei C, Pasaniuc B, Seo JH, Freedman ML, Ma C, Ellis MJ, Krop I, Winer E, Letai A, Brown M, Dawson MA, Long HW, Zhao JJ, Goel S. CDK4/6 inhibition reprograms the breast cancer enhancer landscape by stimulating AP-1 transcriptional activity. NATURE CANCER 2021; 2:34-48. [PMID: 33997789 PMCID: PMC8115221 DOI: 10.1038/s43018-020-00135-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Pharmacologic inhibitors of cyclin-dependent kinases 4 and 6 (CDK4/6) were designed to induce cancer cell cycle arrest. Recent studies have suggested that these agents also exert other effects, influencing cancer cell immunogenicity, apoptotic responses, and differentiation. Using cell-based and mouse models of breast cancer together with clinical specimens, we show that CDK4/6 inhibitors induce remodeling of cancer cell chromatin characterized by widespread enhancer activation, and that this explains many of these effects. The newly activated enhancers include classical super-enhancers that drive luminal differentiation and apoptotic evasion, as well as a set of enhancers overlying endogenous retroviral elements that is enriched for proximity to interferon-driven genes. Mechanistically, CDK4/6 inhibition increases the level of several Activator Protein-1 (AP-1) transcription factor proteins, which are in turn implicated in the activity of many of the new enhancers. Our findings offer insights into CDK4/6 pathway biology and should inform the future development of CDK4/6 inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- April C Watt
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Paloma Cejas
- Center for Functional Cancer Epigenetics, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
- Translational Oncology Laboratory, Hospital La Paz Institute for Health Research (IdiPAZ), Madrid, Spain
- CIBERONC CB16/12/00398, La Paz University Hospital, Madrid, Spain
| | - Molly J DeCristo
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Otto Metzger-Filho
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Enid Y N Lam
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Xintao Qiu
- Center for Functional Cancer Epigenetics, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Haley BrinJones
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Nikolas Kesten
- Center for Functional Cancer Epigenetics, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Rhiannon Coulson
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Alba Font-Tello
- Center for Functional Cancer Epigenetics, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Klothilda Lim
- Center for Functional Cancer Epigenetics, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Raga Vadhi
- Center for Functional Cancer Epigenetics, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Veerle W Daniels
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Joan Montero
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Len Taing
- Center for Functional Cancer Epigenetics, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Clifford A Meyer
- Center for Functional Cancer Epigenetics, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Omer Gilan
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Charles C Bell
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Keegan D Korthauer
- Department of Data Sciences, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Claudia Giambartolomei
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT), Genoa, Italy
| | - Bogdan Pasaniuc
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Ji-Heui Seo
- Center for Functional Cancer Epigenetics, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Matthew L Freedman
- Center for Functional Cancer Epigenetics, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Cynthia Ma
- Division of Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Matthew J Ellis
- Lester and Sue Smith Breast Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Ian Krop
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Eric Winer
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Anthony Letai
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Myles Brown
- Center for Functional Cancer Epigenetics, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Mark A Dawson
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Centre for Cancer Research, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Henry W Long
- Center for Functional Cancer Epigenetics, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA.
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Jean J Zhao
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA.
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
- The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.
| | - Shom Goel
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA.
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13
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Xu B, Mulvey B, Salie M, Yang X, Matsui Y, Nityanandam A, Fan Y, Peng JC. UTX/KDM6A suppresses AP-1 and a gliogenesis program during neural differentiation of human pluripotent stem cells. Epigenetics Chromatin 2020; 13:38. [PMID: 32977832 PMCID: PMC7519529 DOI: 10.1186/s13072-020-00359-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND UTX/KDM6A is known to interact and influence multiple different chromatin modifiers to promote an open chromatin environment to facilitate gene activation, but its molecular activities in developmental gene regulation remain unclear. RESULTS We report that in human neural stem cells, UTX binding correlates with both promotion and suppression of gene expression. These activities enable UTX to modulate neural stem cell self-renewal, promote neurogenesis, and suppress gliogenesis. In neural stem cells, UTX has a less influence over histone H3 lysine 27 and lysine 4 methylation but more predominantly affects histone H3 lysine 27 acetylation and chromatin accessibility. Furthermore, UTX suppresses components of AP-1 and, in turn, a gliogenesis program. CONCLUSIONS Our findings revealed that UTX coordinates dualistic gene regulation to govern neural stem cell properties and neurogenesis-gliogenesis switch.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beisi Xu
- Center for Applied Bioinformatics, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, 38105, USA
| | - Brett Mulvey
- Department of Developmental Neurobiology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, 38105, USA
| | - Muneeb Salie
- Department of Developmental Neurobiology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, 38105, USA
| | - Xiaoyang Yang
- Department of Developmental Neurobiology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, 38105, USA
| | - Yurika Matsui
- Department of Developmental Neurobiology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, 38105, USA
| | - Anjana Nityanandam
- Department of Developmental Neurobiology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, 38105, USA
| | - Yiping Fan
- Center for Applied Bioinformatics, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, 38105, USA
| | - Jamy C Peng
- Department of Developmental Neurobiology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, 38105, USA.
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14
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Brennan A, Leech JT, Kad NM, Mason JM. Selective antagonism of cJun for cancer therapy. J Exp Clin Cancer Res 2020; 39:184. [PMID: 32917236 PMCID: PMC7488417 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-020-01686-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The activator protein-1 (AP-1) family of transcription factors modulate a diverse range of cellular signalling pathways into outputs which can be oncogenic or anti-oncogenic. The transcription of relevant genes is controlled by the cellular context, and in particular by the dimeric composition of AP-1. Here, we describe the evidence linking cJun in particular to a range of cancers. This includes correlative studies of protein levels in patient tumour samples and mechanistic understanding of the role of cJun in cancer cell models. This develops an understanding of cJun as a focal point of cancer-altered signalling which has the potential for therapeutic antagonism. Significant work has produced a range of small molecules and peptides which have been summarised here and categorised according to the binding surface they target within the cJun-DNA complex. We highlight the importance of selectively targeting a single AP-1 family member to antagonise known oncogenic function and avoid antagonism of anti-oncogenic function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Brennan
- Department of Biology & Biochemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath, BA2 7AY, UK
| | - James T Leech
- School of Biosciences, University of Kent, Canterbury, CT2 7NH, UK
| | - Neil M Kad
- School of Biosciences, University of Kent, Canterbury, CT2 7NH, UK
| | - Jody M Mason
- Department of Biology & Biochemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath, BA2 7AY, UK.
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15
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Beckmann N, Sutton JM, Hoehn RS, Jernigan PL, Friend LA, Johanningman TA, Schuster RM, Lentsch AB, Caldwell CC, Pritts TA. IFNγ and TNFα mediate CCL22/MDC production in alveolar macrophages after hemorrhage and resuscitation. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2020; 318:L864-L872. [PMID: 32101016 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00455.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute lung injury is a major complication of hemorrhagic shock and the required resuscitation with large volumes of crystalloid fluids and blood products. We previously identified a role of macrophage-derived chemokine (CCL22/MDC) pulmonary inflammation following hemorrhage and resuscitation. However, further details regarding the induction of CCL22/MDC and its precise role in pulmonary inflammation after trauma remain unknown. In the current study we used in vitro experiments with a murine alveolar macrophage cell line, as well as an in vivo mouse model of hemorrhage and resuscitation, to identify key regulators in CCL22/MDC production. We show that trauma induces expression of IFNγ, which leads to production of CCL22/MDC through a signaling mechanism involving p38 MAPK, NF-κB, JAK, and STAT-1. IFNγ also activates TNFα production by alveolar macrophages, potentiating CCL22/MDC production via an autocrine mechanism. Neutralization of IFNγ or TNFα with specific antibodies reduced histological signs of pulmonary injury after hemorrhage and reduced inflammatory cell infiltration into the lungs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadine Beckmann
- Division of Research, Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Jeffrey M Sutton
- Section of General Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Richard S Hoehn
- Section of General Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Peter L Jernigan
- Section of General Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Lou Ann Friend
- Section of General Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Taylor A Johanningman
- Section of General Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Rebecca M Schuster
- Section of General Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Alex B Lentsch
- Section of General Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Charles C Caldwell
- Division of Research, Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio.,Division of Research, Shriners Hospital for Children, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Timothy A Pritts
- Section of General Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio
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16
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Retinoic acid signalling adjusts tight junction permeability in response to air-liquid interface conditions. Cell Signal 2020; 65:109421. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2019.109421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2019] [Revised: 09/14/2019] [Accepted: 09/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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17
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Dai S, Li C, Yan Z, Zhou Z, Wang X, Wang J, Sun L, Shi L, Yao Y. Association of Human Papillomavirus Type 16 Long Control Region Variations with Cervical Cancer in a Han Chinese Population. Int J Med Sci 2020; 17:931-938. [PMID: 32308546 PMCID: PMC7163361 DOI: 10.7150/ijms.43030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2019] [Accepted: 03/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: High-risk human papillomavirus (HPV) E6 and E7 proteins are the major oncoproteins involved in the tumorigenesis of cervical cancer. The long control region (LCR) in HPV plays an important role in regulating the expression of the E6 and E7 oncogenes. In the current study, we investigated the association of HPV16 LCR variations with cervical cancer. Methods: A total of 139 HPV16-positive cervical cancer patients (case group) and 116 HPV16-positive asymptomatic individuals (control group) were enrolled in the current study. Then, the HPV16 LCR was sequenced to determine the association between LCR variations and cervical cancer. Results: In the current study, HPV16 A1-A3 (19.4%), A4 (78.4%) and D3 (2.2%) variants were found in the case group. However, only A1-A3 (34.5%) and A4 variants (65.5%) were found in the control group. The distribution of the HPV16 variants between the case and control groups was significantly different (P=0.009). Moreover, a total of eleven variations (A7167G, A7173C, C7176T, C7200T, T7269C, C7286A, C7729A, C7763T, A7841G, G7867A and T24C) were significantly different between the case and control groups (P<0.05). For the sub-lineage analysis, only C7873G variations were significantly different between the case and control groups in the A4 (As) variant (P=0.039). Conclusion: Our results showed that specific variations in the HPV16 LCR were associated with cervical cancer. Our study will provide a good reference for further understanding of the relationship between HPV16 LCR variation and cervical cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuying Dai
- School of Basic Medical Science, Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Chuanyin Li
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Kunming 650118, China
| | - Zhiling Yan
- Department of Gynaecologic Oncology, The 3rd Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650118, China
| | - Ziyun Zhou
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Kunming 650118, China
| | - Xia Wang
- Department of Gynaecologic Oncology, The 3rd Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650118, China
| | - Jun Wang
- Department of Gynaecologic Oncology, The 3rd Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650118, China
| | - Le Sun
- School of Basic Medical Science, Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Li Shi
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Kunming 650118, China
| | - Yufeng Yao
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Kunming 650118, China
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18
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Qiu L, Wang M, Hu S, Ru X, Ren Y, Zhang Z, Yu S, Zhang Y. Oncogenic Activation of Nrf2, Though as a Master Antioxidant Transcription Factor, Liberated by Specific Knockout of the Full-Length Nrf1α that Acts as a Dominant Tumor Repressor. Cancers (Basel) 2018; 10:cancers10120520. [PMID: 30562963 PMCID: PMC6315801 DOI: 10.3390/cancers10120520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2018] [Revised: 12/05/2018] [Accepted: 12/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Liver-specific knockout of Nrf1 in the mouse leads to spontaneous development of non- alcoholic steatohepatitis with dyslipidemia, and then its deterioration results in hepatoma, but the underlying mechanism remains elusive to date. A similar pathological model is reconstructed here by using human Nrf1α-specific knockout cell lines. Our evidence has demonstrated that a marked increase of the inflammation marker COX2 definitely occurs in Nrf1α−/− cells. Loss of Nrf1α leads to hyperactivation of Nrf2, which results from substantial decreases in Keap1, PTEN and most of 26S proteasomal subunits in Nrf1α−/− cells. Further investigation of xenograft model mice showed that malignant growth of Nrf1α−/−-derived tumors is almost abolished by silencing of Nrf2, while Nrf1α+/+-tumor is markedly repressed by an inactive mutant (i.e., Nrf2−/−ΔTA), but largely unaffected by a priori constitutive activator (i.e., caNrf2ΔN). Mechanistic studies, combined with transcriptomic sequencing, unraveled a panoramic view of opposing and unifying inter-regulatory cross-talks between Nrf1α and Nrf2 at different layers of the endogenous regulatory networks from multiple signaling towards differential expression profiling of target genes. Collectively, Nrf1α manifests a dominant tumor-suppressive effect by confining Nrf2 oncogenicity. Though as a tumor promoter, Nrf2 can also, in turn, directly activate the transcriptional expression of Nrf1 to form a negative feedback loop. In view of such mutual inter-regulation by between Nrf1α and Nrf2, it should thus be taken severe cautions to interpret the experimental results from loss of Nrf1α, Nrf2 or both.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Qiu
- The Laboratory of Cell Biochemistry and Topogenetic Regulation, College of Bioengineering and Faculty of Sciences, Chongqing University, No. 174 Shazheng Street, Shapingba District, Chongqing 400044, China.
| | - Meng Wang
- The Laboratory of Cell Biochemistry and Topogenetic Regulation, College of Bioengineering and Faculty of Sciences, Chongqing University, No. 174 Shazheng Street, Shapingba District, Chongqing 400044, China.
| | - Shaofan Hu
- The Laboratory of Cell Biochemistry and Topogenetic Regulation, College of Bioengineering and Faculty of Sciences, Chongqing University, No. 174 Shazheng Street, Shapingba District, Chongqing 400044, China.
| | - Xufang Ru
- The Laboratory of Cell Biochemistry and Topogenetic Regulation, College of Bioengineering and Faculty of Sciences, Chongqing University, No. 174 Shazheng Street, Shapingba District, Chongqing 400044, China.
| | - Yonggang Ren
- The Laboratory of Cell Biochemistry and Topogenetic Regulation, College of Bioengineering and Faculty of Sciences, Chongqing University, No. 174 Shazheng Street, Shapingba District, Chongqing 400044, China.
| | - Zhengwen Zhang
- Institute of Neuroscience and Psychology, School of Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, 42 Western Common Road, Glasgow G22 5PQ, Scotland, United Kingdom.
| | - Siwang Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, Peking University School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, No. 38 Xueyuan Rd., Haidian District, Beijing 100191, China.
| | - Yiguo Zhang
- The Laboratory of Cell Biochemistry and Topogenetic Regulation, College of Bioengineering and Faculty of Sciences, Chongqing University, No. 174 Shazheng Street, Shapingba District, Chongqing 400044, China.
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19
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Machado L, Esteves de Lima J, Fabre O, Proux C, Legendre R, Szegedi A, Varet H, Ingerslev LR, Barrès R, Relaix F, Mourikis P. In Situ Fixation Redefines Quiescence and Early Activation of Skeletal Muscle Stem Cells. Cell Rep 2018; 21:1982-1993. [PMID: 29141227 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2017.10.080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 156] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2017] [Revised: 09/13/2017] [Accepted: 10/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
State of the art techniques have been developed to isolate and analyze cells from various tissues, aiming to capture their in vivo state. However, the majority of cell isolation protocols involve lengthy mechanical and enzymatic dissociation steps followed by flow cytometry, exposing cells to stress and disrupting their physiological niche. Focusing on adult skeletal muscle stem cells, we have developed a protocol that circumvents the impact of isolation procedures and captures cells in their native quiescent state. We show that current isolation protocols induce major transcriptional changes accompanied by specific histone modifications while having negligible effects on DNA methylation. In addition to proposing a protocol to avoid isolation-induced artifacts, our study reveals previously undetected quiescence and early activation genes of potential biological interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Léo Machado
- Biology of the Neuromuscular System, INSERM IMRB U955-E10, UPEC, ENVA, EFS, Creteil 94000, France
| | - Joana Esteves de Lima
- Biology of the Neuromuscular System, INSERM IMRB U955-E10, UPEC, ENVA, EFS, Creteil 94000, France
| | - Odile Fabre
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Caroline Proux
- Institut Pasteur, Plate-forme Transcriptome & Epigenome, Biomics, Centre d'Innovation et Recherche Technologique (Citech), Paris, France
| | - Rachel Legendre
- Institut Pasteur, Plate-forme Transcriptome & Epigenome, Biomics, Centre d'Innovation et Recherche Technologique (Citech), Paris, France; Institut Pasteur, Hub Bioinformatique et Biostatistique, Centre de Bioinformatique, Biostatistique et Biologie Intégrative (C3BI, USR 3756 IP CNRS), Paris, France
| | - Anikó Szegedi
- Biology of the Neuromuscular System, INSERM IMRB U955-E10, UPEC, ENVA, EFS, Creteil 94000, France
| | - Hugo Varet
- Institut Pasteur, Plate-forme Transcriptome & Epigenome, Biomics, Centre d'Innovation et Recherche Technologique (Citech), Paris, France; Institut Pasteur, Hub Bioinformatique et Biostatistique, Centre de Bioinformatique, Biostatistique et Biologie Intégrative (C3BI, USR 3756 IP CNRS), Paris, France
| | - Lars Roed Ingerslev
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Romain Barrès
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Frédéric Relaix
- Biology of the Neuromuscular System, INSERM IMRB U955-E10, UPEC, ENVA, EFS, Creteil 94000, France.
| | - Philippos Mourikis
- Biology of the Neuromuscular System, INSERM IMRB U955-E10, UPEC, ENVA, EFS, Creteil 94000, France
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20
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Bhattacharyya S, Feferman L, Han X, Ouyang Y, Zhang F, Linhardt RJ, Tobacman JK. Decline in arylsulfatase B expression increases EGFR expression by inhibiting the protein-tyrosine phosphatase SHP2 and activating JNK in prostate cells. J Biol Chem 2018; 293:11076-11087. [PMID: 29794138 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra117.001244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2017] [Revised: 05/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) has a crucial role in cell differentiation and proliferation and cancer, and its expression appears to be up-regulated when arylsulfatase B (ARSB or GalNAc-4-sulfatase) is reduced. ARSB removes 4-sulfate groups from the nonreducing end of dermatan sulfate and chondroitin 4-sulfate (C4S), and its decreased expression has previously been reported to inhibit the activity of the ubiquitous protein-tyrosine phosphatase, nonreceptor type 11 (SHP2 or PTPN11). However, the mechanism by which decline in ARSB leads to decline in SHP2 activity is unclear. Here, we show that SHP2 binds preferentially C4S, rather than chondroitin 6-sulfate, and confirm that SHP2 activity declines when ARSB is silenced. The reduction in ARSB activity, and the resultant increase in C4S, increased the expression of EGFR (Her1/ErbB1) in human prostate stem and epithelial cells. The increased expression of EGFR occurred after 1) the decline in SHP2 activity, 2) enhanced c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) activity, 3) increased nuclear DNA binding by c-Jun and c-Fos, and 4) EGFR promoter activation. In response to exogenous EGF, there was increased bromodeoxyuridine incorporation, consistent with enhanced cell proliferation. These findings indicated that ARSB and chondroitin 4-sulfation affect the activation of an important dual phosphorylation threonine-tyrosine kinase and the mRNA expression of a critical tyrosine kinase receptor in prostate cells. Restoration of ARSB activity with the associated reduction in C4S may provide a new therapeutic approach for managing malignancies in which EGFR-mediated tyrosine kinase signaling pathways are active.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumit Bhattacharyya
- From the Department of Medicine, University of Illinois and Jesse Brown Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois 60612 and
| | - Leo Feferman
- From the Department of Medicine, University of Illinois and Jesse Brown Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois 60612 and
| | - Xiaorui Han
- the Departments of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Chemical and Biological Engineering, and Biology and Biomedical Engineering and the Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York 12180
| | - Yilan Ouyang
- the Departments of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Chemical and Biological Engineering, and Biology and Biomedical Engineering and the Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York 12180
| | - Fuming Zhang
- the Departments of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Chemical and Biological Engineering, and Biology and Biomedical Engineering and the Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York 12180
| | - Robert J Linhardt
- the Departments of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Chemical and Biological Engineering, and Biology and Biomedical Engineering and the Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York 12180
| | - Joanne K Tobacman
- From the Department of Medicine, University of Illinois and Jesse Brown Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois 60612 and
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21
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Mishra DK, Kim MP. SR 11302, an AP-1 Inhibitor, Reduces Metastatic Lesion Formation in Ex Vivo 4D Lung Cancer Model. CANCER MICROENVIRONMENT 2017; 10:95-103. [PMID: 29177791 PMCID: PMC5750205 DOI: 10.1007/s12307-017-0202-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2017] [Accepted: 10/31/2017] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Activator protein (AP) -1 is a transcription factor, plays important role in cell differentiation, proliferation and apoptosis. Analysis of tumor cells grown on ex vivo 4D lung cancer model shows increase in components of AP-1, c-Fos and c-Jun in circulating tumor cells (CTC) compared to primary tumor. Our aim was to determine whether the AP-1 inhibitor SR11302 reduces metastatic lesion formation in the 4D model. Human lung cancer cell lines A549, H1299, and H460 were grown in the 4D model and treated with SR11302 (1 μM). We compared the number of cells in the metastatic site upon SR11302 treatment and number of viable CTCs isolated from the 4D model with parental cells treated/untreated with SR11302 on a petri dish. There were significantly fewer tumor cells per high-power field on metastatic site in 4D model seeded with H460 (p = 0.009), A549 (p = 0.01), or H1299 (p = 0.02) cells treated with SR11302. Furthermore, the CTCs from SR11302 treated 4D models, seeded with H460 (p = 0.04), A549 (p = 0.008), or H1299 (p = 0.01) cells had significantly fewer viable tumor cells after 4 days in culture than the respective untreated control. However, the SR11302 had no impact on the viability of parental H460 (p = 0.87), A549 (p = 0.93), or H1299 (p = 0.25) cells grown on a petri dish (2D). SR11302 reduces metastatic lesion formation in the ex vivo 4D lung cancer model due to the presence of an independent yet common pathway among three cell lines. The ex vivo 4D model may provide a tool to better understand the complex process of metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dhruva Kumar Mishra
- Department of Surgery, Houston Methodist Research Institute, 6670 Bertner Ave, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
| | - Min P Kim
- Department of Surgery, Houston Methodist Research Institute, 6670 Bertner Ave, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
- Department of Surgery, Weill Cornell Medical College, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
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22
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RNA stability regulates human T cell leukemia virus type 1 gene expression in chronically-infected CD4 T cells. Virology 2017; 508:7-17. [PMID: 28478312 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2017.04.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2017] [Revised: 04/25/2017] [Accepted: 04/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Regulation of expression of HTLV-1 gene products from integrated proviruses plays an important role in HTLV-1-associated disease pathogenesis. Previous studies have shown that T cell receptor (TCR)- and phorbol ester (PMA) stimulation of chronically infected CD4 T cells increases the expression of integrated HTLV-1 proviruses in latently infected cells, however the mechanism remains unknown. Analysis of HTLV-1 RNA and protein species following PMA treatment of the latently HTLV-1-infected, FS and SP T cell lines demonstrated rapid induction of tax/rex mRNA. This rapid increase in tax/rex mRNA was associated with markedly enhanced tax/rex mRNA stability while the stability of unspliced or singly spliced HTLV-1 RNAs did not increase. Tax/rex mRNA in the HTLV-1 constitutively expressing cell lines exhibited high basal stability even without PMA treatment. Our data support a model whereby T cell activation leads to increased HTLV-1 gene expression at least in part through increased tax/rex mRNA stability.
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23
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Sun Y, Lin Z, Liu CH, Gong Y, Liegl R, Fredrick TW, Meng SS, Burnim SB, Wang Z, Akula JD, Pu WT, Chen J, Smith LEH. Inflammatory signals from photoreceptor modulate pathological retinal angiogenesis via c-Fos. J Exp Med 2017; 214:1753-1767. [PMID: 28465464 PMCID: PMC5461000 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20161645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2016] [Revised: 02/02/2017] [Accepted: 03/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Pathological neovessels growing into the normally avascular photoreceptors cause vision loss in many eye diseases, such as age-related macular degeneration and macular telangiectasia. Ocular neovascularization is strongly associated with inflammation, but the source of inflammatory signals and the mechanisms by which these signals regulate the disruption of avascular privilege in photoreceptors are unknown. In this study, we found that c-Fos, a master inflammatory regulator, was increased in photoreceptors in a model of pathological blood vessels invading photoreceptors: the very low-density lipoprotein receptor-deficient (Vldlr-/- ) mouse. Increased c-Fos induced inflammatory cytokines interleukin 6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor (TNF), leading to activation of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) and increased TNFα-induced protein 3 (TNFAIP3) in Vldlr-/- photoreceptors. IL-6 activated the STAT3/vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA) pathway directly, and elevated TNFAIP3 suppressed SOCS3 (suppressor of cytokine signaling 3)-activated STAT3/VEGFA indirectly. Inhibition of c-Fos using photoreceptor-specific AAV (adeno-associated virus)-hRK (human rhodopsin kinase)-sh_c-fos or a chemical inhibitor substantially reduced the pathological neovascularization and rescued visual function in Vldlr-/- mice. These findings suggested that the photoreceptor c-Fos controls blood vessel growth into the normally avascular photoreceptor layer through the inflammatory signal-induced STAT3/VEGFA pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Sun
- Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Zhiqiang Lin
- Department of Cardiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Chi-Hsiu Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Yan Gong
- Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Raffael Liegl
- Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Thomas W Fredrick
- Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Steven S Meng
- Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Samuel B Burnim
- Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Zhongxiao Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115
| | - James D Akula
- Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115
| | - William T Pu
- Department of Cardiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115.,Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138
| | - Jing Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Lois E H Smith
- Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115
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24
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AP-1 Inhibition by SR 11302 Protects Human Hepatoma HepG2 Cells from Bile Acid-Induced Cytotoxicity by Restoring the NOS-3 Expression. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0160525. [PMID: 27490694 PMCID: PMC4973998 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0160525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2016] [Accepted: 07/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The harmful effects of bile acid accumulation occurring during cholestatic liver diseases have been associated with oxidative stress increase and endothelial nitric oxide synthase (NOS-3) expression decrease in liver cells. We have previously reported that glycochenodeoxycholic acid (GCDCA) down-regulates gene expression by increasing SP1 binding to the NOS-3 promoter in an oxidative stress dependent manner. In the present study, we aimed to investigate the role of transcription factor (TF) AP-1 on the NOS-3 deregulation during GCDCA-induced cholestasis. The cytotoxic response to GCDCA was characterized by 1) the increased expression and activation of TFs cJun and c-Fos; 2) a higher binding capability of these at position -666 of the NOS-3 promoter; 3) a decrease of the transcriptional activity of the promoter and the expression and activity of NOS-3; and 4) the expression increase of cyclin D1. Specific inhibition of AP-1 by the retinoid SR 11302 counteracted the cytotoxic effects induced by GCDCA while promoting NOS-3 expression recovery and cyclin D1 reduction. NOS activity inhibition by L-NAME inhibited the protective effect of SR 11302. Inducible NOS isoform was no detected in this experimental model of cholestasis. Our data provide direct evidence for the involvement of AP-1 in the NOS-3 expression regulation during cholestasis and define a critical role for NOS-3 in regulating the expression of cyclin D1 during the cell damage induced by bile acids. AP-1 appears as a potential therapeutic target in cholestatic liver diseases given its role as a transcriptional repressor of NOS-3.
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25
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He X, Ohba S, Hojo H, McMahon AP. AP-1 family members act with Sox9 to promote chondrocyte hypertrophy. Development 2016; 143:3012-23. [PMID: 27471255 DOI: 10.1242/dev.134502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2015] [Accepted: 07/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
An analysis of Sox9 binding profiles in developing chondrocytes identified marked enrichment of an AP-1-like motif. Here, we have explored the functional interplay between Sox9 and AP-1 in mammalian chondrocyte development. Among AP-1 family members, Jun and Fosl2 were highly expressed within prehypertrophic and early hypertrophic chondrocytes. Chromatin immunoprecipitation followed by DNA sequencing (ChIP-seq) showed a striking overlap in Jun- and Sox9-bound regions throughout the chondrocyte genome, reflecting direct binding of each factor to the same enhancers and a potential for protein-protein interactions within AP-1- and Sox9-containing complexes. In vitro reporter analysis indicated that direct co-binding of Sox9 and AP-1 at target motifs promoted gene activity. By contrast, where only one factor can engage its DNA target, the presence of the other factor suppresses target activation consistent with protein-protein interactions attenuating transcription. Analysis of prehypertrophic chondrocyte removal of Sox9 confirmed the requirement of Sox9 for hypertrophic chondrocyte development, and in vitro and ex vivo analyses showed that AP-1 promotes chondrocyte hypertrophy. Sox9 and Jun co-bound and co-activated a Col10a1 enhancer in Sox9 and AP-1 motif-dependent manners consistent with their combined action promoting hypertrophic gene expression. Together, the data support a model in which AP-1 family members contribute to Sox9 action in the transition of chondrocytes to the hypertrophic program.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinjun He
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Eli and Edythe Broad CIRM Center for Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, W.M. Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Shinsuke Ohba
- Department of Bioengineering, the University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Hironori Hojo
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Eli and Edythe Broad CIRM Center for Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, W.M. Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Andrew P McMahon
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Eli and Edythe Broad CIRM Center for Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, W.M. Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
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26
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Hallett RM, Cockburn JG, Li B, Dvorkin-Gheva A, Hassell JA, Bane A. Identification and evaluation of network modules for the prognosis of basal-like breast cancer. Oncotarget 2016; 6:17713-24. [PMID: 25991675 PMCID: PMC4627340 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.4034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2015] [Accepted: 04/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Basal-like breast cancer (BLBC) is a molecular subtype of breast cancer associated with poor clinical outcome, although some patients with BLBC experience long-term survival. Apart from nodal status, current clinical/histopathological variables show little capacity to identify BLBC patients at either high- or low-risk of disease recurrence. Accordingly, we sought to develop a network based genomic predictor for predicting the outcome of patients with BLBC. Experimental Design We performed network analysis on global gene expression profiling data of BLBCs, and identified BLBC network modules associated with AP-1 transcription, G-protein coupled receptors, and T-, B-, and NK-cells that are significant predictors of BLBC patient survival. Results In gene expression and tissue microarray (TMA) validation cohorts of 210 and 102 BLBC patients, respectively, the identified network modules were robustly associated with patient outcome. In the gene expression validation cohort, the Kaplan-Meier estimate for 10-year survival in the low-risk group was 90%, whereas in the high-risk group it was a 56%. In the TMA cohort, the Kaplan-Meier estimate for 10-year survival in the low-risk group was 98%, whereas in the high-risk group it was 71%. Conclusions The capacity to distinguish between patients with BLBC at high- or low-risk of recurrence at the time of diagnosis could permit timely intervention with more aggressive therapeutic regimens in those patients predicted to be high-risk, and to avoid such therapy in low-risk patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robin M Hallett
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, Centre for Functional Genomics, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Brian Li
- Department of Oncology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Anna Dvorkin-Gheva
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, Centre for Functional Genomics, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - John A Hassell
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, Centre for Functional Genomics, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Anita Bane
- Department of Oncology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
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27
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Byun E, Park B, Lim JW, Kim H. Activation of NF-κB and AP-1 Mediates Hyperproliferation by Inducing β-Catenin and c-Myc in Helicobacter pylori-Infected Gastric Epithelial Cells. Yonsei Med J 2016; 57:647-51. [PMID: 26996564 PMCID: PMC4800354 DOI: 10.3349/ymj.2016.57.3.647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2015] [Revised: 07/28/2015] [Accepted: 09/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE In the gastric mucosa of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori)-infected patients with gastritis or adenocarcinoma, proliferation of gastric epithelial cells is increased. Hyperproliferation is related to induction of oncogenes, such as β-catenin and c-myc. Even though transcription factors NF-κB and AP-1 are activated in H. pylori-infected cells, whether NF-κB or AP-1 regulates the expression of β-catenein or c-myc in H. pylori-infected cells has not been clarified. The present study was undertaken to investigate whether H. pylori-induced activation of NF-κB and AP-1 mediates the expression of oncogenes and hyperproliferation of gastric epithelial cells. MATERIALS AND METHODS Gastric epithelial AGS cells were transiently transfected with mutant genes for IκBα (MAD3) and c-Jun (TAM67) or treated with a specific NF-κB inhibitor caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE) or a selective AP-1 inhibitor SR-11302 to suppress activation of NF-κB or AP-1, respecively. As reference cells, the control vector pcDNA was transfected to the cells. Wild-type cells or transfected cells were cultured with or without H. pylori. RESULTS H. pylori induced activation of NF-κB and AP-1, cell proliferation, and expression of oncogenes (β-catenein, c-myc) in AGS cells, which was inhibited by transfection of MAD3 and TAM67. Wild-type cells and the cells transfected with pcDNA showed similar activities of NF-κB and AP-1, proliferation, and oncogene expression regardless of treatment with H. pylori. Both CAPE and SR-11302 inhibited cell proliferation and expression of oncogenes in H. pylori-infected cells. CONCLUSION H. pylori-induced activation of NF-κB and AP-1 regulates transcription of oncogenes and mediates hyperproliferation in gastric epithelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eunyoung Byun
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project, College of Human Ecology, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Bohye Park
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project, College of Human Ecology, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Joo Weon Lim
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project, College of Human Ecology, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyeyoung Kim
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project, College of Human Ecology, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Pharmacology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
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28
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Lukey MJ, Greene KS, Erickson JW, Wilson KF, Cerione RA. The oncogenic transcription factor c-Jun regulates glutaminase expression and sensitizes cells to glutaminase-targeted therapy. Nat Commun 2016; 7:11321. [PMID: 27089238 PMCID: PMC4837472 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms11321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2015] [Accepted: 03/14/2016] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Many transformed cells exhibit altered glucose metabolism and increased utilization of glutamine for anabolic and bioenergetic processes. These metabolic adaptations, which accompany tumorigenesis, are driven by oncogenic signals. Here we report that the transcription factor c-Jun, product of the proto-oncogene JUN, is a key regulator of mitochondrial glutaminase (GLS) levels. Activation of c-Jun downstream of oncogenic Rho GTPase signalling leads to elevated GLS gene expression and glutaminase activity. In human breast cancer cells, GLS protein levels and sensitivity to GLS inhibition correlate strongly with c-Jun levels. We show that c-Jun directly binds to the GLS promoter region, and is sufficient to increase gene expression. Furthermore, ectopic overexpression of c-Jun renders breast cancer cells dependent on GLS activity. These findings reveal a role for c-Jun as a driver of cancer cell metabolic reprogramming, and suggest that cancers overexpressing JUN may be especially sensitive to GLS-targeted therapies. Cancer cells have previously been shown to be addicted to glutamine and glutaminase enzyme activity. Here, the authors show that overexpression of the JUN proto-oncogene in breast cancer cells regulates glutaminase expression and is sufficient to confer sensitivity to glutaminase-targeted therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Lukey
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA
| | - Kai Su Greene
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA
| | - Jon W Erickson
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA
| | - Kristin F Wilson
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA
| | - Richard A Cerione
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA.,Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA
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29
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Qi W, Li H, Cai XH, Gu JQ, Meng J, Xie HQ, Zhang JL, Chen J, Jin XG, Tang Q, Hao Y, Gao Y, Wen AQ, Xue XY, Gao Smith F, Jin SW. Lipoxin A4 activates alveolar epithelial sodium channel gamma via the microRNA-21/PTEN/AKT pathway in lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammatory lung injury. J Transl Med 2015; 95:1258-68. [PMID: 26302186 DOI: 10.1038/labinvest.2015.109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2015] [Revised: 04/20/2015] [Accepted: 04/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipoxin A4 (LXA4), as an endogenously produced lipid mediator, promotes the resolution of inflammation. Previously, we demonstrated that LXA4 stimulated alveolar fluid clearance through alveolar epithelial sodium channel gamma (ENaC-γ). In this study, we sought to investigate the mechanisms of LXA4 in modulation of ENaC-γ in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammatory lung injury. miR-21 was upregulated during an LPS challenge and downregulated by LXA4 administration in vivo and in vitro. Serum miR-21 concentration was also elevated in acute respiratory distress syndrome patients as compared with healthy volunteers. LPS increased miR-21 expression by activation of activator protein 1 (AP-1). In A549 cells, miR-21 upregulated phosphorylation of AKT activation via inhibition of phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN), and therefore reduced the expression of ENaC-γ. In contrast, LXA4 reversed LPS-inhibited ENaC-γ expression through inhibition of AP-1 and activation of PTEN. In addition, an miR-21 inhibitor mimicked the effects of LXA4; overexpression of miR-21 abolished the protective effects of LXA4. Finally, both AKT and ERK inhibitors (LY294002 and UO126) blocked effects of LPS on the depression of ENaC-γ. However, LXA4 only inhibited LPS-induced phosphorylation of AKT. In summary, LXA4 activates ENaC-γ in part via the miR-21/PTEN/AKT signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Qi
- Department of Anesthesia and Critical Care, Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang, China
| | - Hui Li
- Department of Anesthesia and Critical Care, Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiao-Hong Cai
- Department of Pediatrics, Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jia-Qi Gu
- Department of Anesthesia and Critical Care, Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jin Meng
- Department of Anesthesia and Critical Care, Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang, China
| | - Hai-Qing Xie
- Department of Anesthesia and Critical Care, Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jun-Li Zhang
- Department of Anesthesia and Critical Care, Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jie Chen
- Department of Anesthesia and Critical Care, Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xian-Guan Jin
- Department of Anesthesia and Critical Care, Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang, China
| | - Qian Tang
- Department of Anesthesia and Critical Care, Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yu Hao
- Department of Anesthesia and Critical Care, Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ye Gao
- Department of Anesthesia and Critical Care, Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ai-Qing Wen
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Institute of Surgery Research, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiang-Yang Xue
- Department of Microbiology, Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang, China
| | - Fang Gao Smith
- Academic Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care, Pain and Resuscitation, Birmingham Heartlands Hospital, Heart of England NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
| | - Sheng-Wei Jin
- Department of Anesthesia and Critical Care, Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang, China
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30
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Li W, Liu J, Hammond SL, Tjalkens RB, Saifudeen Z, Feng Y. Angiotensin II regulates brain (pro)renin receptor expression through activation of cAMP response element-binding protein. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2015; 309:R138-47. [PMID: 25994957 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00319.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2014] [Accepted: 05/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
We reported that brain (pro)renin receptor (PRR) expression levels are elevated in DOCA-salt-induced hypertension; however, the underlying mechanism remained unknown. To address whether ANG II type 1 receptor (AT1R) signaling is involved in this regulation, we implanted a DOCA pellet and supplied 0.9% saline as the drinking solution to C57BL/6J mice. Sham pellet-implanted mice that were provided regular drinking water served as controls. Concurrently, mice were intracerebroventricularly infused with the AT1R blocker losartan, angiotensin-converting-enzyme inhibitor captopril, or artificial cerebrospinal fluid for 3 wk. Intracerebroventricular infusion of losartan or captopril attenuated DOCA-salt-induced PRR mRNA elevation in the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus, suggesting a role for ANG II/AT1R signaling in regulating PRR expression during DOCA-salt hypertension. To test which ANG II/AT1R downstream transcription factors were involved in PRR regulation, we treated Neuro-2A cells with ANG II with or without CREB (cAMP response element-binding protein) or AP-1 (activator protein-1) inhibitors, or CREB siRNA. CREB and AP-1 inhibitors, as well as CREB knockdown abolished ANG II-induced increases in PRR levels. ANG II also induced PRR upregulation in primary cultured neurons. Chromatin immunoprecipitation assays revealed that ANG II treatment increased CREB binding to the endogenous PRR promoter in both cultured neurons and hypothalamic tissues of DOCA-salt hypertensive mice. This increase in CREB activity was reversed by AT1R blockade. Collectively, these findings indicate that ANG II acts via AT1R to upregulate PRR expression both in cultured cells and in DOCA-salt hypertensive mice by increasing CREB binding to the PRR promoter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wencheng Li
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado
| | - Jiao Liu
- Section of Pediatric Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana
| | - Sean L Hammond
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado; and
| | - Ronald B Tjalkens
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado; and
| | - Zubaida Saifudeen
- Section of Pediatric Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana
| | - Yumei Feng
- Department of Pharmacology, Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, University of Nevada School of Medicine, Reno, Nevada
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31
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Bhattacharyya S, Feferman L, Tobacman JK. Arylsulfatase B regulates versican expression by galectin-3 and AP-1 mediated transcriptional effects. Oncogene 2014; 33:5467-76. [PMID: 24240681 PMCID: PMC4024465 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2013.483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2013] [Revised: 09/18/2013] [Accepted: 09/24/2013] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Arylsulfatase B (N-acetylgalactosamine-4-sulfatase; ARSB) removes 4-sulfate groups from chondroitin-4-sulfate (C4S) and dermatan sulfate and is required for their degradation. In human prostate stromal and epithelial cells, when ARSB was silenced, C4S, versican and versican promoter activity increased, and the galectin-3 that co-immunoprecipitated with C4S declined. Galectin-3 silencing inhibited the ARSB-silencing-induced increases in versican and versican promoter due to effects on the AP-1-binding site in the versican promoter. These findings demonstrate for the first time the transcriptional mechanism whereby ARSB can regulate expression of an extracellular matrix proteoglycan with C4S attachments. In addition, following ARSB silencing, C4S that co-immunoprecipitated with versican increased, whereas co-immunoprecipitated EGFR declined, total EGFR increased and exogenous EGF-induced cell proliferation increased, suggesting profound effects of ARSB on vital cell processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumit Bhattacharyya
- Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60612
- Jesse Brown VA Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois 60612
| | - Leonid Feferman
- Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60612
- Jesse Brown VA Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois 60612
| | - Joanne K. Tobacman
- Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60612
- Jesse Brown VA Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois 60612
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Ribeiro MPC, Santos AE, Custódio JBA. Interplay between estrogen and retinoid signaling in breast cancer--current and future perspectives. Cancer Lett 2014; 353:17-24. [PMID: 25042865 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2014.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2014] [Revised: 06/17/2014] [Accepted: 07/08/2014] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
All-trans-retinoic acid (RA) is a promising agent for breast cancer treatment, but it induces several adverse effects and the few clinical trials performed up to now in breast cancer patients have provided disappointing results. The combination of RA and antiestrogenic compounds, such as tamoxifen, synergistically decreases the proliferation of breast cancer cells and an interplay between retinoid and estrogen signaling has begun to be unraveled, turning these combinations into an appealing strategy for breast cancer treatment. This review focus on the current knowledge regarding the interplay between retinoid and estrogen signaling in breast cancer and the combinations of RA with antiestrogens, aiming their future utilization in cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana P C Ribeiro
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3000-354 Coimbra, Portugal; Laboratory of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal.
| | - Armanda E Santos
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3000-354 Coimbra, Portugal; Laboratory of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - José B A Custódio
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3000-354 Coimbra, Portugal; Laboratory of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
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Ye N, Ding Y, Wild C, Shen Q, Zhou J. Small molecule inhibitors targeting activator protein 1 (AP-1). J Med Chem 2014; 57:6930-48. [PMID: 24831826 PMCID: PMC4148154 DOI: 10.1021/jm5004733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 170] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
![]()
Activator
protein 1 (AP-1) is a pivotal transcription factor that
regulates a wide range of cellular processes including proliferation,
apoptosis, differentiation, survival, cell migration, and transformation.
Accumulating evidence supports that AP-1 plays an important role in
several severe disorders including cancer, fibrosis, and organ injury,
as well as inflammatory disorders such as asthma, psoriasis, and rheumatoid
arthritis. AP-1 has emerged as an actively pursued drug discovery
target over the past decade. Excitingly, a selective AP-1 inhibitor
T-5224 (51) has been investigated in phase II human clinical
trials. Nevertheless, no effective AP-1 inhibitors have yet been approved
for clinical use. Despite significant advances achieved in understanding
AP-1 biology and function, as well as the identification of small
molecules modulating AP-1 associated signaling pathways, medicinal
chemistry efforts remain an urgent need to yield selective and efficacious
AP-1 inhibitors as a viable therapeutic strategy for human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Ye
- Chemical Biology Program, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Texas Medical Branch , Galveston, Texas 77555, United States
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Sorg O, Saurat JH. Topical retinoids in skin ageing: a focused update with reference to sun-induced epidermal vitamin A deficiency. Dermatology 2014; 228:314-25. [PMID: 24821234 DOI: 10.1159/000360527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2013] [Accepted: 02/09/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Vitamin A is an important constituent of the epidermis, where it plays a crucial role in epidermal turnover. A deficiency of epidermal vitamin A may be the consequence of nutritional vitamin A deficiency, exposure to sunlight or any UV source, oxidative stress or chronological ageing. As a consequence, any treatment aiming at increasing epidermal vitamin A would exert a protective effect against these deleterious conditions. Retinoids may counteract some deleterious actions of UV radiation by physical and biological mechanisms. Topical natural retinoic acid precursors such as retinaldehyde or retinol are less irritant than acidic retinoids and may prevent epidermal vitamin A deficiency due to nutritional deficiency, exposure to sunlight or any condition leading to free radical production. Retinoids may be combined with other compounds with complementary actions against ageing, nutritional deficiency and cancer, such as antioxidants, to potentiate their beneficial effects in the skin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivier Sorg
- Swiss Centre for Applied Human Toxicology (SCAHT), University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
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Tumour necrosis factor-α regulates human eosinophil apoptosis via ligation of TNF-receptor 1 and balance between NF-κB and AP-1. PLoS One 2014; 9:e90298. [PMID: 24587316 PMCID: PMC3938678 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0090298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2013] [Accepted: 02/02/2014] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Eosinophils play a central role in asthma. The present study was performed to investigate the effect of tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) on longevity of isolated human eosinophils. In contrast to Fas, TNF-α inhibited eosinophil apoptosis as evidenced by a combination of flow cytometry, DNA fragmentation assay and morphological analyses. The effect of TNF-α on eosinophil apoptosis was reversed by a TNF-α neutralising antibody. The anti-apoptotic effect of TNF-α was not due to autocrine release of known survival-prolonging cytokines interleukins 3 and 5 or granulocyte-macrophage-colony-stimulating factor as their neutralisation did not affect the effect of TNF-α. The anti-apoptotic signal was mediated mainly by the TNF-receptor 1. TNF-α induced phosphorylation and degradation of IκB and an increase in NF-κB DNA-binding activity. The survival-prolonging effect of TNF-α was reversed by inhibitors of NF-κB pyrrolidinedithiocarbamate and gliotoxin and by an inhibitor of IκB kinase, BMS-345541. TNF-α induced also an increase in AP-1 DNA-binding activity and the antiapoptotic effect of TNF-α was potentiated by inhibitors of AP-1, SR 11302 and tanshinone IIA and by an inhibitor of c-jun-N-terminal kinase, SP600125, which is an upstream kinase activating AP-1. Our results thus suggest that TNF-α delays human eosinophil apoptosis via TNF-receptor 1 and the resulting changes in longevity depend on yin-yang balance between activation of NF-κB and AP-1.
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Ren J, Wang Q, Morgan S, Si Y, Ravichander A, Dou C, Kent KC, Liu B. Protein kinase C-δ (PKCδ) regulates proinflammatory chemokine expression through cytosolic interaction with the NF-κB subunit p65 in vascular smooth muscle cells. J Biol Chem 2014; 289:9013-26. [PMID: 24519937 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m113.515957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Proinflammatory chemokines released by vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) play a critical role in vascular inflammation. Protein kinase C-δ (PKCδ) has been shown to be up-regulated in VSMCs of injured arteries. PKCδ knock-out (Prkcd(-/-)) mice are resistant to inflammation as well as apoptosis in models of abdominal aortic aneurysm. However, the precise mechanism by which PKCδ modulates inflammation remains incompletely understood. In this study, we identified four inflammatory chemokines (Ccl2/Mcp-1, Ccl7, Cxcl16, and Cx3cl1) of over 45 PKCδ-regulated genes associated with inflammatory response by microarray analysis. Using CCL2 as a prototype, we demonstrated that PKCδ stimulated chemokine expression at the transcriptional level. Inhibition of the NF-κB pathway or siRNA knockdown of subunit p65, but not p50, eliminated the effect of PKCδ on Ccl2 expression. Overexpressing PKCδ followed by incubation with phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate resulted in an increase in p65 Ser-536 phosphorylation and enhanced DNA binding affinity without affecting IκB degradation or p65 nuclear translocation. Prkcd gene deficiency impaired p65 Ser-536 phosphorylation and DNA binding affinity in response to TNFα. Results from in situ proximity ligation analysis and co-immunoprecipitation performed on cultured VSMCs and aneurysmal aorta demonstrated physical interaction between PKCδ and p65 that took place largely outside the nucleus. Promoting nuclear translocation of PKCδ with peptide ψδRACK diminished Ccl2 production, whereas inhibition of PKCδ translocation with peptide δV1-1 enhanced Ccl2 expression. Together, these results suggest that PKCδ modulates inflammation at least in part through the NF-κB-mediated chemokines. Mechanistically, PKCδ activates NF-κB through an IκB-independent cytosolic interaction, which subsequently leads to enhanced p65 phosphorylation and DNA binding affinity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Ren
- From the Division of Vascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53705 and
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37
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Bonanni B, Lazzeroni M, Veronesi U. Synthetic retinoid fenretinide in breast cancer chemoprevention. Expert Rev Anticancer Ther 2014; 7:423-32. [PMID: 17428163 DOI: 10.1586/14737140.7.4.423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Preclinical models suggest that retinoids inhibit mammary carcinogenesis. The induction of apoptosis is a unique feature of fenretinide, the most-studied retinoid in clinical trials of breast cancer chemoprevention, owing to its selective accumulation in breast tissue and its favorable toxicological profile. In a Phase III breast cancer prevention trial, fenretinide showed a strong trend of reduction of incidence of second breast malignancies in premenopausal women, which was confirmed by 15 years of follow-up. This warrants further research on the mechanisms of action and potential efficacy of fenretinide and provides the rationale for a Phase III primary prevention trial in young women at high risk for breast cancer. This review will highlight the role of fenretinide in breast cancer chemoprevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernardo Bonanni
- Division of Cancer Prevention and Genetics, European Institute of Oncology, Milano, Italy.
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38
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Abstract
In the past several decades, intensive research in this field has uncovered a surprising number of regulatory factors and their associated enzymatic properties to reveal the network of complexes that function in activation and repression of the transcriptional programs mediated by nuclear receptors (NR). These factors and their associated complexes have been extensively characterized both biochemically and functionally [34, 87, 94]. Several principles have emerged: (1) It is widely recognized that ligand-dependent cofactor complexes mediating repression and activation exhibit ligand-dependent exchange. (2) These complexes mediate modifications of chromatin structure consequent to their binding at regulatory elements, particularly at promoter and enhancer Enhancer sites. (3) The concept about the rapid exchange of coregulatory complexes at regulatory sites has been suggested [88]. Key questions in the NR field have included: (a) What are the cofactors and exchange complexes used to mediate the ligand and signaling network-dependent switches in gene regulation programs; (b) Do long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) serve as regulatory "factors" for ligand-dependent gene programs, and do enhancers actually regulate transcription units encoding enhancer Enhancer non-coding RNAs (eRNAs) Enhancer RNA that might have functional significance; (c) What is the relationship between DNA damage repair machinery and transcriptional machinery? (d) Do Retinoic Acid Receptors (RAR) also regulate Pol III-dependent, non-coding repeat transcriptional units in stem cells? and (e) How have new technologies such as deep sequencing altered our ability to investigate transcriptional regulatory mechanisms utilized by NRs?
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhijie Liu
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Medicine, University of California, La Jolla, San Diego, CA, USA,
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Catar R, Witowski J, Wagner P, Annett Schramm I, Kawka E, Philippe A, Dragun D, Jörres A. The proto-oncogene c-Fos transcriptionally regulates VEGF production during peritoneal inflammation. Kidney Int 2013; 84:1119-28. [PMID: 23760290 DOI: 10.1038/ki.2013.217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2012] [Revised: 04/11/2013] [Accepted: 04/18/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) are key mediators of adverse peritoneal membrane remodeling in peritoneal dialysis eventually leading to ultrafiltration failure. Both are pleiotropic growth factors with cell type-dependent regulation of expression and biological effects. Here we studied regulation of TGF-β1-induced VEGF expression in human peritoneal mesothelial cells in the absence or presence of proinflammatory stimuli, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) or interleukin-1β (IL-1β). Quiescent human peritoneal mesothelial cells secreted only trace amounts of VEGF. Stimulation with TGF-β1 resulted in time- and dose-dependent increases in VEGF mRNA expression and protein release. TNF-α and IL-1β alone had minimal effects but acted in synergy with TGF-β1. Combined stimulation led to induction of transcription factor c-Fos and activation of the VEGF promoter region with high-affinity binding sites for c-Fos. Inhibition of c-Fos by small interfering RNA interference or by pharmacological blockade with SR-11302 decreased VEGF promoter activity and downregulated its expression and release. Exposure of human peritoneal mesothelial cells to dialysate effluent containing increased levels of TGF-β1, TNF-α, and IL-1β obtained during peritonitis resulted in a dose-dependent VEGF induction that was significantly attenuated by SR-11302. Thus, dialysate TGF-β1, IL-1β, and TNF-α act through c-Fos to synergistically upregulate VEGF production in peritoneal mesothelium and may represent an important regulatory link between inflammation and angiogenesis in the peritoneal membrane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rusan Catar
- Department of Nephrology and Medical Intensive Care, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Virchow-Klinikum, Berlin, Germany
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40
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Sokołowska-Wojdyło M, Ługowska-Umer H, Maciejewska-Radomska A. Oral retinoids and rexinoids in cutaneous T-cell lymphomas. Postepy Dermatol Alergol 2013; 30:19-29. [PMID: 24278042 PMCID: PMC3834697 DOI: 10.5114/pdia.2013.33375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2012] [Revised: 06/30/2012] [Accepted: 09/23/2012] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Retinoids are biologically active derivatives of vitamin A modulating cell proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis and altering the immune response. They have been used for years in therapy of cutaneous T-cell lymphomas (CTCL) but the exact mechanism of retinoids' action is unclear. It is based on the presence of specific receptors' families, mediating the biological effects of retinoids on the tumor cells: retinoic acid receptor (RAR) and retinoic X receptor (RXR). Orally administrated bexarotene, the first synthetic selective RXR retinoid, was revealed to be active against the cutaneous manifestation of CTCL. The toxicity profile caused by bexarotene seems to be more limited to laboratory values and better tolerated than classical retinoids, but generally associated with more severe grades of toxicity. Both selective retinoic acid receptor- and retinoic X receptor-mediated retinoids have modest objective response rates and, therefore, most likely will have limited impact as monotherapeutic agents. However, the immunomodulatory effects of RAR and RXR retinoids provide a rational basis for using retinoids in combination with other biologic immune response modifiers, phototherapy and radiotherapy. The authors reviewed the literature on the results of the use of retinoids and rexinoids in patients with mycosis fungoides and Sézary syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Małgorzata Sokołowska-Wojdyło
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, Medical University of Gdansk, Poland. Head: Prof. Roman Nowicki MD, PhD
| | - Hanna Ługowska-Umer
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, Medical University of Gdansk, Poland. Head: Prof. Roman Nowicki MD, PhD
| | - Agata Maciejewska-Radomska
- Department of Dermatology, Sexually Transmitted Diseases and Clinical Immunology, University of Varmia and Masuria, Olsztyn, Poland. Head: Prof. Waldemar Placek MD, PhD
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Abstract
INTRODUCTION Actinic keratosis (AK) represents the initial intraepidermal manifestation of abnormal keratinocyte proliferation, with the potential of progression to squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). Few visible AKs lead to the use of lesion-directed treatments, including ablative and/or surgical procedures. Multiple and/or the suspicion of subclinical (non-visible) AKs lead to the use of field-directed therapies, including topical and ablative treatments. Predicting which AK will progress to SCC is difficult, and so all are treated. The goals of treatment are to eliminate visible AKs and to treat subclinical (non-visible) AKs, minimizing their risk of progression to invasive SCC, while pursuing good cosmesis. AREAS COVERED This review discusses the prevention of AKs (such as ultraviolet light avoidance, sunscreen use, protective clothing, and frequent self-examinations, in addition to chemoprevention with retinoids, eflornithine, silymarin, and others). It also covers lesion-directed treatments (e.g., cryotherapy, electrodessication and curettage, and surgery). Field-directed treatments are also mentioned (including laser resurfacing, dermabrasion, chemical peels, topical immunomodulators (imiquimod and diclofenac), topical chemotherapeutic agents (5-fluorouracil and retinoids), and photodynamic therapy). Finally, newer and investigational treatments are discussed (including ingenol mebutate). EXPERT OPINION There is no panacea in the treatment of AKs. The current best approach is the sequential treatment with a lesion-directed and a field-directed therapy. Several combinations seem to work well; they just need to be selected based on the evidence and adjusted to patient needs, preferences and dermatologist expertise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian Berman
- Center for Clinical and Cosmetic Research, Skin and Cancer Associates, Aventura, FL 33180, USA.
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42
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Healy S, Khan P, Davie JR. Immediate early response genes and cell transformation. Pharmacol Ther 2013; 137:64-77. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2012.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2012] [Accepted: 09/06/2012] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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Cannabinoid agonists increase the interaction between β-Arrestin 2 and ERK1/2 and upregulate β-Arrestin 2 and 5-HT(2A) receptors. Pharmacol Res 2012; 68:46-58. [PMID: 23174265 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2012.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2012] [Revised: 11/08/2012] [Accepted: 11/08/2012] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
We have recently reported that selective cannabinoid 2 (CB(2)) receptor agonists upregulate 5-HT(2A) receptors by enhancing ERK1/2 signaling in prefrontal cortex (PFCx). Increased activity of cortical 5-HT(2A) receptors has been associated with several neuropsychiatric disorders such as anxiety and schizophrenia. Here we examine the mechanisms involved in this enhanced ERK1/2 activation in rat PFCx and in a neuronal cell model. Sprague-Dawley rats treated with a non-selective cannabinoid agonist (CP55940, 50μg/kg, 7 days, i.p.) showed enhanced co-immunoprecipitation of β-Arrestin 2 and ERK1/2, enhanced pERK protein levels, and enhanced expression of β-Arrestin 2 mRNA and protein levels in PFCx. In a neuronal cell line, we found that selective CB(2) receptor agonists upregulate β-Arrestin 2, an effect that was prevented by selective CB(2) receptor antagonist JTE-907 and CB(2) shRNA lentiviral particles. Additionally, inhibition of clathrin-mediated endocytosis, ERK1/2, and the AP-1 transcription factor also prevented the cannabinoid receptor-induced upregulation of β-Arrestin 2. Our results suggest that sustained activation of CB(2) receptors would enhance β-Arrestin 2 expression possibly contributing to its increased interaction with ERK1/2, thereby driving the upregulation of 5-HT(2A) receptors. The CB(2) receptor-mediated upregulation of β-Arrestin 2 would be mediated, at least in part, by an ERK1/2-dependent activation of AP-1. These data could provide the rationale for some of the adverse effects associated with repeated cannabinoid exposure and shed light on some CB(2) receptor agonists that could represent an alternative therapeutic because of their minimal effect on serotonergic neurotransmission.
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Franklin JM, Carrasco GA. Cannabinoid-induced enhanced interaction and protein levels of serotonin 5-HT(2A) and dopamine D₂ receptors in rat prefrontal cortex. J Psychopharmacol 2012; 26:1333-47. [PMID: 22791651 PMCID: PMC3746962 DOI: 10.1177/0269881112450786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Recent evidence suggests that non-selective cannabinoid receptor agonists may regulate serotonin 2A (5-HT(2A)) receptor neurotransmission in brain. The molecular mechanisms of this regulation are unknown, but could involve cannabinoid-induced enhanced interaction between 5-HT(2A) and dopamine D2 (D₂) receptors. Here, we present experimental evidence that Sprague-Dawley rats treated with a non-selective cannabinoid receptor agonist (CP55,940, 50 µg/kg, 7 days, i.p.) showed enhanced co-immunoprecipitation of 5-HT(2A) and D₂ receptors and enhanced membrane-associated expression of D₂ and 5-HT(2A) receptors in prefrontal cortex (PFCx). Furthermore, 5-HT(2A) receptor mRNA levels were increased in PFCx, suggesting a cannabinoid-induced upregulation of 5-HT(2A) receptors. To date, two cannabinoids receptors have been found in brain, CB1 and CB2 receptors. We used selective cannabinoid agonists in a neuronal cell line to study mechanisms that could mediate this 5-HT(2A) receptor upregulation. We found that selective CB2 receptor agonists upregulate 5-HT(2A) receptors by a mechanism that seems to involve activation of Gα(i) G-proteins, ERK1/2, and AP-1 transcription factor. We hypothesize that the enhanced cannabinoid-induced interaction between 5-HT(2A) and D₂ receptors and in 5-HT(2A) and D₂ receptors protein levels in the PFCx might provide a molecular mechanism by which activation of cannabinoid receptors might be contribute to the pathophysiology of some cognitive and mood disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gonzalo A. Carrasco
- Correspondence: Gonzalo A. Carrasco, PhD, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Kansas, School of Pharmacy, 1251 Wescoe Hall Drive, 3048B Malott Hall, Lawrence, KS 66045, Phone: 785-864-1974, Fax: 785-864-5219,
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45
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Vyas A, Patitungkho S, Jamadar A, Adsule S, Padhye S, Ahmad A, Sarkar FH. ATRA-hydrazonate derivatives and their copper complexes against hormone-dependent (MCF-7), hormone-independent (MDA-MB-231and BT-20) breast cancer and androgen-independent (PC3) prostate cancer cell lines. INORG CHEM COMMUN 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.inoche.2012.05.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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46
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Bose A, Teh MT, Hutchison IL, Wan H, Leigh IM, Waseem A. Two mechanisms regulate keratin K15 expression in keratinocytes: role of PKC/AP-1 and FOXM1 mediated signalling. PLoS One 2012; 7:e38599. [PMID: 22761689 PMCID: PMC3384677 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0038599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2012] [Accepted: 05/08/2012] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Keratin 15 (K15) is a type I keratin that is used as a marker of stem cells. Its expression is restricted to the basal layer of stratified epithelia, and the bulge in hair follicles. However, in certain clinical situations including oral lichen planus, K15 is induced in suprabasal layers, which is inconsistent with the role of a stem cell marker. This study provides insights into the mechanisms of K15 expression in the basal and differentiating keratinocytes. Methodology/Principal Findings Human keratinocytes were differentiated by three different methods; suspension in methylcellulose, high cell density and treatment with phorbol ester. The expression of mRNA was determined by quantitative PCR and protein by western blotting and immunostaining. Keratinocytes in suspension suppressed β1-integrin expression, induced differentiation-specific markers and K15, whereas FOXM1 (a cell cycle regulated protein) and K14 were downregulated. Rescuing β1-integrin by either fibronectin or the arginine-glycine-aspartate peptide suppressed K15 but induced K14 and FOXM1 expression. Specific inhibition of PKCδ, by siRNA, and AP-1 transcription factor, by TAM67 (dominant negative c-Jun), suppressed K15 expression, suggesting that PKC/AP-1 pathway plays a role in the differentiation-specific expression of K15. The basal cell-specific K15 expression may involve FOXM1 because ectopic expression of the latter is known to induce K15. Using chromatin immunoprecipitation, we have identified a single FOXM1 binding motif in the K15 promoter. Conclusions/Significance The data suggests that K15 is induced during terminal differentiation mediated by the down regulation of β1-integrin. However, this cannot be the mechanism of basal/stem cell-specific K15 expression in stratified epithelia, because basal keratinocytes do not undergo terminal differentiation. We propose that there are two mechanisms regulating K15 expression in stratified epithelia; differentiation-specific involving PKC/AP-1 pathway, and basal-specific mediated by FOXM1, and therefore the use of K15 expression as a marker of stem cells must be viewed with caution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amrita Bose
- Centre for Clinical and Diagnostic Oral Sciences, Institute of Dentistry, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Muy-Teck Teh
- Centre for Clinical and Diagnostic Oral Sciences, Institute of Dentistry, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Iain L. Hutchison
- Centre for Clinical and Diagnostic Oral Sciences, Institute of Dentistry, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Hong Wan
- Centre for Clinical and Diagnostic Oral Sciences, Institute of Dentistry, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Irene M. Leigh
- Division of Cancer, Medical Research Institute, University of Dundee, Dundee, United Kingdom
| | - Ahmad Waseem
- Centre for Clinical and Diagnostic Oral Sciences, Institute of Dentistry, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
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Prado R, Francis SO, Mason MN, Wing G, Gamble RG, Dellavalle R. Nonmelanoma skin cancer chemoprevention. Dermatol Surg 2011; 37:1566-78. [PMID: 21895847 DOI: 10.1111/j.1524-4725.2011.02108.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Renata Prado
- Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado, USA.
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Pou J, Rebollo A, Piera L, Merlos M, Roglans N, Laguna JC, Alegret M. Tissue factor pathway inhibitor 2 is induced by thrombin in human macrophages. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2011; 1813:1254-60. [PMID: 21515313 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2011.03.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2010] [Revised: 03/25/2011] [Accepted: 03/28/2011] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Tissue factor pathway inhibitor 2 (TFPI2) is a serine protease inhibitor critical for the regulation of extracellular matrix remodeling and atherosclerotic plaque stability. Previously, we demonstrated that TFPI2 expression is increased in monocytes from patients with familial combined hyperlipidemia (FCH). To gain insight into the molecular mechanisms responsible for this upregulation, we examined TFPI2 expression in THP-1 macrophages exposed to lipoproteins and thrombin. Our results showed that TFPI2 expression was not affected by treatment with very low density lipoproteins (VLDL), but was induced by thrombin (10 U/ml) in THP-1 (1.9-fold increase, p<0.001) and human monocyte-derived macrophages (2.3-fold increase, p<0.005). The specificity of the inductive effect was demonstrated by preincubation with the thrombin inhibitors hirudin and PPACK, which ablated thrombin effects. TFPI2 induction was prevented by pre-incubation with MEK1/2 and JNK inhibitors, but not by the EGF receptor antagonist AG1478. In the presence of parthenolide, an inhibitor of NFκB, but not of SR-11302, a selective AP-1 inhibitor, thrombin-mediated TFPI2 induction was blunted. Our results also show that thrombin treatment increased ERK1/2, JNK and IκBα phosphorylation. Finally, we ruled out the possibility that TFPI2 induction by thrombin was mediated by COX-2, as preincubation with a selective COX-2 inhibitor did not prevent the inductive effect. In conclusion, thrombin induces TFPI2 expression by a mechanism involving ERK1/2 and JNK phosphorylation, leading finally to NFkB activation. In the context of atherosclerosis, thrombin-induced macrophage TFPI2 expression could represent a means of avoiding excessive activation of matrix metalloproteases at sites of inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordi Pou
- Unidad de Farmacología, Universidad de Barcelona, Spain.
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Bushue N, Wan YJY. Retinoid pathway and cancer therapeutics. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2010; 62:1285-98. [PMID: 20654663 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2010.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 238] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2010] [Revised: 07/08/2010] [Accepted: 07/14/2010] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The retinoids are a class of compounds that are structurally related to vitamin A. Retinoic acid, which is the active metabolite of retinol, regulates a wide range of biological processes including development, differentiation, proliferation, and apoptosis. Retinoids exert their effects through a variety of binding proteins including cellular retinol-binding protein (CRBP), retinol-binding proteins (RBP), cellular retinoic acid-binding protein (CRABP), and nuclear receptors i.e. retinoic acid receptor (RAR) and retinoid x receptor (RXR). Because of the pleiotropic effects of retinoids, understanding the function of these binding proteins and nuclear receptors assists us in developing compounds that have specific effects. This review summarizes our current understanding of how retinoids are processed and act with an emphasis on the application of retinoids in cancer treatment and prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan Bushue
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutics, University of Kansas Medical Center, 3901 Rainbow Boulevard, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
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