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Yasarbas SS, Inal E, Yildirim MA, Dubrac S, Lamartine J, Mese G. Connexins in epidermal health and diseases: insights into their mutations, implications, and therapeutic solutions. Front Physiol 2024; 15:1346971. [PMID: 38827992 PMCID: PMC11140265 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2024.1346971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024] Open
Abstract
The epidermis, the outermost layer of the skin, serves as a protective barrier against external factors. Epidermal differentiation, a tightly regulated process essential for epidermal homeostasis, epidermal barrier formation and skin integrity maintenance, is orchestrated by several players, including signaling molecules, calcium gradient and junctional complexes such as gap junctions (GJs). GJ proteins, known as connexins facilitate cell-to-cell communication between adjacent keratinocytes. Connexins can function as either hemichannels or GJs, depending on their interaction with other connexons from neighboring keratinocytes. These channels enable the transport of metabolites, cAMP, microRNAs, and ions, including Ca2+, across cell membranes. At least ten distinct connexins are expressed within the epidermis and mutations in at least five of them has been linked to various skin disorders. Connexin mutations may cause aberrant channel activity by altering their synthesis, their gating properties, their intracellular trafficking, and the assembly of hemichannels and GJ channels. In addition to mutations, connexin expression is dysregulated in other skin conditions including psoriasis, chronic wound and skin cancers, indicating the crucial role of connexins in skin homeostasis. Current treatment options for conditions with mutant or altered connexins are limited and primarily focus on symptom management. Several therapeutics, including non-peptide chemicals, antibodies, mimetic peptides and allele-specific small interfering RNAs are promising in treating connexin-related skin disorders. Since connexins play crucial roles in maintaining epidermal homeostasis as shown with linkage to a range of skin disorders and cancer, further investigations are warranted to decipher the molecular and cellular alterations within cells due to mutations or altered expression, leading to abnormal proliferation and differentiation. This would also help characterize the roles of each isoform in skin homeostasis, in addition to the development of innovative therapeutic interventions. This review highlights the critical functions of connexins in the epidermis and the association between connexins and skin disorders, and discusses potential therapeutic options.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. Suheda Yasarbas
- Izmir Institute of Technology, Faculty of Science, Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Izmir, Turkiye
| | - Ece Inal
- Izmir Institute of Technology, Faculty of Science, Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Izmir, Turkiye
| | - M. Azra Yildirim
- Izmir Institute of Technology, Faculty of Science, Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Izmir, Turkiye
| | - Sandrine Dubrac
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Jérôme Lamartine
- Skin Functional Integrity Group, Laboratory for Tissue Biology and Therapeutics Engineering (LBTI) CNRS UMR5305, University of Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Gulistan Mese
- Izmir Institute of Technology, Faculty of Science, Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Izmir, Turkiye
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2
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Terrinoni A, Sala G, Bruno E, Pitolli C, Minieri M, Pieri M, Gambacurta A, Campione E, Belardi R, Bernardini S. Partial Loss of Function ABCA12 Mutations Generate Reduced Deposition of Glucosyl-Ceramide, Leading to Patchy Ichthyosis and Erythrodermia Resembling Erythrokeratodermia Variabilis et Progressiva (EKVP). Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:13962. [PMID: 37762265 PMCID: PMC10530436 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241813962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Revised: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Ichthyoses are genetically determined cornification disorders of the epidermis characterized by the presence of different degrees of scaling, hyperkeratosis, and erythroderma often associated with palmoplantar keratoderma. Different classifications of these diseases have been proposed, often based upon the involved genes and/or the clinical presentation. The clinical features of these diseases present some overlap of phenotypes among distinct genetic entities, depending mainly on the penetrance of mutations. In this study, using a clinical, genetic, and molecular approach, we analyzed a family with two affected members who had clinical and histological features resembling erythrokeratodermia variabilis (EKV) or a type of erythrodermic hyperkeratosis with palmoplantar keratoderma. Despite of the clinical presentation, we demonstrated that the affected patients were genetically double heterozygous for two different mutations in the ABCA12 gene, known to be responsible for harlequin ichthyosis. To explain the mild phenotype of our patients, we performed a molecular characterization of the skin. In the upper layers of the epidermis, the results showed a patchy presence of the glucosyl-ceramides (GlcCer), which is the lipid transported by ABCA12, fundamental in contributing to skin impermeability. Indeed, the two mutations detected do not completely abolish ABCA12 activity, indicating that the mild phenotype is due to a partial loss of function of the enzyme, thus giving rise to an intermediate phenotype resembling EKVP, due to a partial depletion of GlcCer deposition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Terrinoni
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Tor Vergata, Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy; (G.S.); (M.M.); (M.P.); (A.G.); (R.B.); (S.B.)
| | - Gabriele Sala
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Tor Vergata, Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy; (G.S.); (M.M.); (M.P.); (A.G.); (R.B.); (S.B.)
| | - Ernesto Bruno
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Translational Medicine University of Tor Vergata, Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy;
| | - Consuelo Pitolli
- Department of Neuroscience, Section of Human Anatomy, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Largo Francesco Vito 1, 00168 Rome, Italy;
| | - Marilena Minieri
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Tor Vergata, Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy; (G.S.); (M.M.); (M.P.); (A.G.); (R.B.); (S.B.)
| | - Massimo Pieri
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Tor Vergata, Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy; (G.S.); (M.M.); (M.P.); (A.G.); (R.B.); (S.B.)
| | - Alessandra Gambacurta
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Tor Vergata, Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy; (G.S.); (M.M.); (M.P.); (A.G.); (R.B.); (S.B.)
| | - Elena Campione
- Department of System Medicine, University of Tor Vergata, Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy;
| | - Riccardo Belardi
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Tor Vergata, Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy; (G.S.); (M.M.); (M.P.); (A.G.); (R.B.); (S.B.)
| | - Sergio Bernardini
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Tor Vergata, Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy; (G.S.); (M.M.); (M.P.); (A.G.); (R.B.); (S.B.)
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Gutiérrez-Cerrajero C, Sprecher E, Paller AS, Akiyama M, Mazereeuw-Hautier J, Hernández-Martín A, González-Sarmiento R. Ichthyosis. Nat Rev Dis Primers 2023; 9:2. [PMID: 36658199 DOI: 10.1038/s41572-022-00412-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
The ichthyoses are a large, heterogeneous group of skin cornification disorders. They can be inherited or acquired, and result in defective keratinocyte differentiation and abnormal epidermal barrier formation. The resultant skin barrier dysfunction leads to increased transepidermal water loss and inflammation. Disordered cornification is clinically characterized by skin scaling with various degrees of thickening, desquamation (peeling) and erythema (redness). Regardless of the type of ichthyosis, many patients suffer from itching, recurrent infections, sweating impairment (hypohidrosis) with heat intolerance, and diverse ocular, hearing and nutritional complications that should be monitored periodically. The characteristic clinical features are considered to be a homeostatic attempt to repair the skin barrier, but heterogeneous clinical presentation and imperfect phenotype-genotype correlation hinder diagnosis. An accurate molecular diagnosis is, however, crucial for predicting prognosis and providing appropriate genetic counselling. Most ichthyoses severely affect patient quality of life and, in severe forms, may cause considerable disability and even death. So far, treatment provides only symptomatic relief. It is lifelong, expensive, time-consuming, and often provides disappointing results. A better understanding of the molecular mechanisms that underlie these conditions is essential for designing pathogenesis-driven and patient-tailored innovative therapeutic solutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Gutiérrez-Cerrajero
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain.,Biomedical Research Institute of Salamanca (IBSAL), Salamanca, Spain
| | - Eli Sprecher
- Division of Dermatology, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel.,Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Amy S Paller
- Departments of Dermatology and Paediatrics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Masashi Akiyama
- Department of Dermatology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | | | | | - Rogelio González-Sarmiento
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain.,Biomedical Research Institute of Salamanca (IBSAL), Salamanca, Spain
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Gao Y, Zhang Q, Zhang S, Yang L, Liu Y, Liu Y, Wang T. A Connexin Gene (GJB3) Mutation in a Chinese Family With Erythrokeratodermia Variabilis, Ichthyosis and Nonsyndromic Hearing Loss: Case Report and Mutations Update. Front Genet 2022; 13:797124. [PMID: 35677558 PMCID: PMC9168653 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.797124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2021] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Gap junctions formed by connexins are channels on cytoplasm functioning in ion recycling and homeostasis. Some members of connexin family including connexin 31 are significant components in human skin and cochlea. In clinic, mutations of connexin 31 have been revealed as the cause of a rare hereditary skin disease called erythrokeratodermia variabilis (EKV) and non-syndromic hearing loss (NSHL).Objective: To determine the underlying genetic cause of EKV, ichthyosis and NSHL in three members of a Chinese pedigree and skin histologic characteristics of the EKV patient.Methods: By performing whole exome sequencing (WES), Sanger sequencing and skin biopsy, we demonstrate a Chinese pedigree carrying a mutation of GJB3 with three patients separately diagnosed with EKV, ichthyosis and NSHL.Results: The proband, a 6-year-old Chinese girl, presented with demarcated annular red-brown plaques and hyperkeratotic scaly patches on her trunk and limbs. Her mother has ichthyosis with hyperkeratosis and geographic tongue while her younger brother had NSHL since birth. Mutation analysis revealed all of them carried a heterozygous missense mutation c.293G>A of GJB3. Skin biopsy showed many grain cells with dyskeratosis in the granular layer. Acanthosis, papillomatosis, and a mild superficial perivascular lymphocytic infiltrate were observed.Conclusion: A mutation of GJB3 associated with EKV, ichthyosis and NSHL is reported in this case. The daughter with EKV and the son with NSHL in this Chinese family inherited the mutation from their mother with ichthyosis. The variation of clinical features may involve with genetic, epigenetic and environmental factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yajuan Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Department of Dermatology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, National Clinical Research Center for Dermatologic and Immunologic Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Qianli Zhang
- Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Shiyu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Department of Dermatology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, National Clinical Research Center for Dermatologic and Immunologic Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Lu Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Department of Dermatology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, National Clinical Research Center for Dermatologic and Immunologic Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Yaping Liu
- Department of Medical Genetics and National Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Yaping Liu, ; Yuehua Liu, ; Tao Wang,
| | - Yuehua Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Department of Dermatology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, National Clinical Research Center for Dermatologic and Immunologic Diseases, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Yaping Liu, ; Yuehua Liu, ; Tao Wang,
| | - Tao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Department of Dermatology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, National Clinical Research Center for Dermatologic and Immunologic Diseases, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Yaping Liu, ; Yuehua Liu, ; Tao Wang,
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Lukowicz-Bedford RM, Farnsworth DR, Miller AC. Connexinplexity: the spatial and temporal expression of connexin genes during vertebrate organogenesis. G3 (BETHESDA, MD.) 2022; 12:jkac062. [PMID: 35325106 PMCID: PMC9073686 DOI: 10.1093/g3journal/jkac062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Animal development requires coordinated communication between cells. The Connexin family of proteins is a major contributor to intercellular communication in vertebrates by forming gap junction channels that facilitate the movement of ions, small molecules, and metabolites between cells. Additionally, individual hemichannels can provide a conduit to the extracellular space for paracrine and autocrine signaling. Connexin-mediated communication is widely used in epithelial, neural, and vascular development and homeostasis, and most tissues likely use this form of communication. In fact, Connexin disruptions are of major clinical significance contributing to disorders developing from all major germ layers. Despite the fact that Connexins serve as an essential mode of cellular communication, the temporal and cell-type-specific expression patterns of connexin genes remain unknown in vertebrates. A major challenge is the large and complex connexin gene family. To overcome this barrier, we determined the expression of all connexins in zebrafish using single-cell RNA-sequencing of entire animals across several stages of organogenesis. Our analysis of expression patterns has revealed that few connexins are broadly expressed, but rather, most are expressed in tissue- or cell-type-specific patterns. Additionally, most tissues possess a unique combinatorial signature of connexin expression with dynamic temporal changes across the organism, tissue, and cell. Our analysis has identified new patterns for well-known connexins and assigned spatial and temporal expression to genes with no-existing information. We provide a field guide relating zebrafish and human connexin genes as a critical step toward understanding how Connexins contribute to cellular communication and development throughout vertebrate organogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Dylan R Farnsworth
- Institute of Neuroscience, Department of Biology, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403, USA
| | - Adam C Miller
- Institute of Neuroscience, Department of Biology, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403, USA
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6
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Kraujalis T, Gudaitis L, Kraujaliene L, Snipas M, Palacios-Prado N, Verselis VK. The Amino Terminal Domain and Modulation of Connexin36 Gap Junction Channels by Intracellular Magnesium Ions. Front Physiol 2022; 13:839223. [PMID: 35264979 PMCID: PMC8899287 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.839223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Electrical synapses between neurons in the mammalian CNS are predominantly formed of the connexin36 (Cx36) gap junction (GJ) channel protein. Unique among GJs formed of a number of other members of the Cx gene family, Cx36 GJs possess a high sensitivity to intracellular Mg2+ that can robustly act to modulate the strength of electrical synaptic transmission. Although a putative Mg2+ binding site was previously identified to reside in the aqueous pore in the first extracellular (E1) loop domain, the involvement of the N-terminal (NT) domain in the atypical response of Cx36 GJs to pH was shown to depend on intracellular levels of Mg2+. In this study, we examined the impact of amino acid substitutions in the NT domain on Mg2+ modulation of Cx36 GJs, focusing on positions predicted to line the pore funnel, which constitutes the cytoplasmic entrance of the channel pore. We find that charge substitutions at the 8th, 13th, and 18th positions had pronounced effects on Mg2+ sensitivity, particularly at position 13 at which an A13K substitution completely abolished sensitivity to Mg2+. To assess potential mechanisms of Mg2+ action, we constructed and tested a series of mathematical models that took into account gating of the component hemichannels in a Cx36 GJ channel as well as Mg2+ binding to each hemichannel in open and/or closed states. Simultaneous model fitting of measurements of junctional conductance, gj, and transjunctional Mg2+ fluxes using a fluorescent Mg2+ indicator suggested that the most viable mechanism for Cx36 regulation by Mg2+ entails the binding of Mg2+ to and subsequent stabilization of the closed state in each hemichannel. Reduced permeability to Mg2+ was also evident, particularly for the A13K substitution, but homology modeling of all charge-substituted NT variants showed only a moderate correlation between a reduction in the negative electrostatic potential and a reduction in the permeability to Mg2+ ions. Given the reported role of the E1 domain in Mg2+ binding together with the impact of NT substitutions on gating and the apparent state-dependence of Mg2+ binding, this study suggests that the NT domain can be an integral part of Mg2+ modulation of Cx36 GJs likely through the coupling of conformational changes between NT and E1 domains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tadas Kraujalis
- Institute of Cardiology, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania
- Department of Applied Informatics, Kaunas University of Technology, Kaunas, Lithuania
- *Correspondence: Tadas Kraujalis,
| | - Lukas Gudaitis
- Institute of Cardiology, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Lina Kraujaliene
- Institute of Cardiology, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Mindaugas Snipas
- Institute of Cardiology, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania
- Department of Mathematical Modelling, Kaunas University of Technology, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Nicolás Palacios-Prado
- Department of Physiology, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Centro Interdisciplinario de Neurociencias de Valparaíso, Universidad de Valparaiso, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Vytas K. Verselis
- Dominick P. Purpura Department of Neuroscience, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY, United States
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Interrogation of Carboxy-Terminus Localized GJA1 Variants Associated with Erythrokeratodermia Variabilis et Progressiva. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23010486. [PMID: 35008913 PMCID: PMC8745721 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23010486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Revised: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Although inherited GJA1 (encoding Cx43) gene mutations most often lead to oculodentodigital dysplasia and related disorders, four variants have been linked to erythrokeratodermia variabilis et progressiva (EKVP), a skin disorder characterized by erythematous and hyperkeratotic lesions. While two autosomal-dominant EKVP-linked GJA1 mutations have been shown to lead to augmented hemichannels, the consequence(s) of keratinocytes harboring a de novo P283L variant alone or in combination with a de novo T290N variant remain unknown. Interestingly, these variants reside within or adjacent to a carboxy terminus polypeptide motif that has been shown to be important in regulating the internalization and degradation of Cx43. Cx43-rich rat epidermal keratinocytes (REKs) or Cx43-ablated REKs engineered to express fluorescent protein-tagged P283L and/or T290N variants formed prototypical gap junctions at cell-cell interfaces similar to wildtype Cx43. Dye coupling and dye uptake studies further revealed that each variant or a combination of both variants formed functional gap junction channels, with no evidence of augmented hemichannel function or induction of cell death. Tracking the fate of EKVP-associated variants in the presence of the protein secretion blocker brefeldin A, or an inhibitor of protein synthesis cycloheximide, revealed that P283L or the combination of P283L and T290N variants either significantly extended Cx43 residency on the cell surface of keratinocytes or delayed its degradation. However, caution is needed in concluding that this modest change in the Cx43 life cycle is sufficient to cause EKVP, or whether an additional underlying mechanism or another unidentified gene mutation is contributing to the pathogenesis found in patients. This question will be resolved if further patients are identified where whole exome sequencing reveals a Cx43 P283L variant alone or, in combination with a T290N variant, co-segregates with EKVP across several family generations.
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Shah M, Baral S, Adhikari RC. Erythrokeratoderma variabilis (EKV) - First Nepalese case documenting GJB3 mutation. SKIN HEALTH AND DISEASE 2021; 1:e63. [PMID: 35663771 PMCID: PMC9060094 DOI: 10.1002/ski2.63] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Revised: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Erythrokeratoderma Variabilis (EKV) is a rare genodermatosis, characterized by variable erythematous and hyperkeratotic skin lesions. It is most often transmitted in autosomal dominant manner (AD). Casual mutations were found in the GJB3 and GJB4 genes encoding connexins 31 and 30.3, respectively. We report a 7-year-old girl with multiple dusky red and brown skin lesions on face, buttock, both arms and legs. This diagnosis was made on the basis of clinical and histological findings and further genetic analysis detected a G > C transition at position 125 of the coding sequence, which replaces arginine with a proline at residue 42 of the protein (R42P). Here, we report a first case of Nepalese patient with EKV resulting from the GJB3 mutation.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Shah
- Department of DermatologyAnandaban HospitalThe Leprosy Mission NepalLalitpurNepal
| | - S. Baral
- Department of DermatologyAnandaban HospitalThe Leprosy Mission NepalLalitpurNepal
- Department of PathologyAnandaban HospitalThe Leprosy Mission NepalLalitpurNepal
| | - R. C. Adhikari
- Department of PathologyInstitute of MedicineMaharajgunj Medical CampusTribhuvan UniversityKathmanduNepal
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Charfeddine C, Laroussi N, Mkaouar R, Jouini R, Khayat O, Redissi A, Mosbah A, Dallali H, Chedly Debbiche A, Zaouak A, Fenniche S, Abdelhak S, Hammami-Ghorbel H. Expanding the clinical phenotype associated with NIPAL4 mutation: Study of a Tunisian consanguineous family with erythrokeratodermia variabilis-Like Autosomal Recessive Congenital Ichthyosis. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0258777. [PMID: 34669720 PMCID: PMC8528321 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0258777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Erythrokeratodermia variabilis (EKV) is a rare disorder of cornification usually associated with dominant mutations in the GJB3 and GJB4 genes encoding connexins (Cx)31 and 30.3. Genetic heterogeneity of EKV has already been suggested. We investigated at the clinical and genetic level a consanguineous Tunisian family with 2 sisters presenting an autosomal recessive form of EKV to better characterize this disease. Mutational analysis initially screened the connexin genes and Whole-exome sequencing (WES) was performed to identify the molecular aetiology of the particular EKV phenotype in the proband. Migratory shaped erythematous areas are the initial presenting sign followed by relatively stable hyperkeratotic plaques are the two predominates characteristics in both patients. However, remarkable variability of morphological and dominating features of the disease were observed between patients. In particular, the younger sister (proband) exhibited ichthyosiform-like appearance suggesting Autosomal Recessive Congenital Ichthyosis (ARCI) condition. No causative mutations were detected in the GJB3 and GJB4 genes. WES results revealed a novel missense homozygous mutation in NIPAL4 gene (c.835C>G, p.Pro279Ala) in both patients. This variant is predicted to be likely pathogenic. In addition, in silico analysis of the mutated 3D domain structure predicted that this variant would result in NIPA4 protein destabilization and Mg2+ transport perturbation, pointing out the potential role of NIPAL4 gene in the development and maintenance of the barrier function of the epidermis. Taken togheter, these results expand the clinical phenotype associated with NIPAL4 mutation and reinforce our hypothesis of NIPAL4 as the main candidate gene for the EKV-like ARCI phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cherine Charfeddine
- University Tunis El Manar, Institut Pasteur de Tunis, Biomedical Genomics and Oncogenetics Laboratory, LR20IPT05, Tunis, Tunisia
- Université de la Manouba, Institut de Biotechnologie de Sidi Thabet, Ariana, Tunisia
- * E-mail:
| | - Nadia Laroussi
- University Tunis El Manar, Institut Pasteur de Tunis, Biomedical Genomics and Oncogenetics Laboratory, LR20IPT05, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Rahma Mkaouar
- University Tunis El Manar, Institut Pasteur de Tunis, Biomedical Genomics and Oncogenetics Laboratory, LR20IPT05, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Raja Jouini
- Department of Pathology, Habib Thameur Hospital, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Olfa Khayat
- Department of Pathology, Habib Thameur Hospital, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Aladin Redissi
- BVBGR-LR11ES31, ISBST, Université de la Manouba, Institut de Biotechnologie de Sidi Thabet, Ariana, Tunisia
| | - Amor Mosbah
- BVBGR-LR11ES31, ISBST, Université de la Manouba, Institut de Biotechnologie de Sidi Thabet, Ariana, Tunisia
| | - Hamza Dallali
- University Tunis El Manar, Institut Pasteur de Tunis, Biomedical Genomics and Oncogenetics Laboratory, LR20IPT05, Tunis, Tunisia
| | | | - Anissa Zaouak
- Department of Dermatology, Genodermatosis and Cancers Laboratory LR12SP03, Habib Thameur Hospital, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Sami Fenniche
- Department of Dermatology, Genodermatosis and Cancers Laboratory LR12SP03, Habib Thameur Hospital, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Sonia Abdelhak
- University Tunis El Manar, Institut Pasteur de Tunis, Biomedical Genomics and Oncogenetics Laboratory, LR20IPT05, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Houda Hammami-Ghorbel
- Department of Dermatology, Genodermatosis and Cancers Laboratory LR12SP03, Habib Thameur Hospital, Tunis, Tunisia
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Gap Junction Channelopathies and Calmodulinopathies. Do Disease-Causing Calmodulin Mutants Affect Direct Cell-Cell Communication? Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22179169. [PMID: 34502077 PMCID: PMC8431743 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22179169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Revised: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 08/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The cloning of connexins cDNA opened the way to the field of gap junction channelopathies. Thus far, at least 35 genetic diseases, resulting from mutations of 11 different connexin genes, are known to cause numerous structural and functional defects in the central and peripheral nervous system as well as in the heart, skin, eyes, teeth, ears, bone, hair, nails and lymphatic system. While all of these diseases are due to connexin mutations, minimal attention has been paid to the potential diseases of cell–cell communication caused by mutations of Cx-associated molecules. An important Cx accessory protein is calmodulin (CaM), which is the major regulator of gap junction channel gating and a molecule relevant to gap junction formation. Recently, diseases caused by CaM mutations (calmodulinopathies) have been identified, but thus far calmodulinopathy studies have not considered the potential effect of CaM mutations on gap junction function. The major goal of this review is to raise awareness on the likely role of CaM mutations in defects of gap junction mediated cell communication. Our studies have demonstrated that certain CaM mutants affect gap junction channel gating or expression, so it would not be surprising to learn that CaM mutations known to cause diseases also affect cell communication mediated by gap junction channels.
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The Complex and Critical Role of Glycine 12 (G12) in Beta-Connexins of Human Skin. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22052615. [PMID: 33807656 PMCID: PMC7961983 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22052615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Revised: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Glycine is an amino acid with unique properties because its side chain is composed of a single hydrogen atom. It confers conformational flexibility to proteins and conserved glycines are often indicative of protein domains involving tight turns or bends. All six beta-type connexins expressed in human epidermis (Cx26, Cx30, Cx30.3, Cx31, Cx31.1 and Cx32) contain a glycine at position 12 (G12). G12 is located about halfway through the cytoplasmic amino terminus and substitutions alter connexin function in a variety of ways, in some cases altering protein interactions and leading to cell death. There is also evidence that alteration of G12 changes the structure of the amino terminus in connexin- and amino acid- specific ways. This review integrates structural, functional and physiological information about the role of G12 in connexins, focusing on beta-connexins expressed in human epidermis. The importance of G12 substitutions in these beta-connexins is revealed in two hereditary skin disorders, keratitis ichthyosis and erythrokeratodermia variabilis, both of which result from missense mutations affecting G12.
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Dai S, Wang H, Lin Z. Novel and recurrent mutations in GJB3 and GJB4 cause erythrokeratodermia variabilis et progressiva. Indian J Dermatol Venereol Leprol 2020; 86:87-90. [PMID: 31793497 DOI: 10.4103/ijdvl.ijdvl_926_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shangzhi Dai
- Department of Dermatology, Peking University First Hospital; Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Diagnosis on Dermatoses, Beijing, China
| | - Huijun Wang
- Department of Dermatology, Peking University First Hospital; Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Diagnosis on Dermatoses; Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences; Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhimiao Lin
- Department of Dermatology, Peking University First Hospital; Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Diagnosis on Dermatoses, Beijing, China
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A DSG1 Frameshift Variant in a Rottweiler Dog with Footpad Hyperkeratosis. Genes (Basel) 2020; 11:genes11040469. [PMID: 32344723 PMCID: PMC7230267 DOI: 10.3390/genes11040469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Revised: 04/23/2020] [Accepted: 04/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
A single male Rottweiler dog with severe footpad hyperkeratosis starting at an age of eight weeks was investigated. The hyperkeratosis was initially restricted to the footpads. The footpad lesions caused severe discomfort to the dog and had to be trimmed under anesthesia every 8–10 weeks. Histologically, the epidermis showed papillated villous projections of dense keratin in the stratum corneum. Starting at eight months of age, the patient additionally developed signs consistent with atopic dermatitis and recurrent bacterial skin and ear infections. Crusted hyperkeratotic plaques developed at sites of infection. We sequenced the genome of the affected dog and compared the data to 655 control genomes. A search for variants in 32 candidate genes associated with human palmoplantar keratoderma (PPK) revealed a single private protein-changing variant in the affected dog. This was located in the DSG1 gene encoding desmoglein 1. Heterozygous monoallelic DSG1 variants have been reported in human patients with striate palmoplantar keratoderma I (SPPK1), while biallelic DSG1 loss of function variants in humans lead to a more pronounced condition termed severe dermatitis, multiple allergies, and metabolic wasting (SAM) syndrome. The identified canine variant, DSG1:c.2541_2545delGGGCT, leads to a frameshift and truncates about 20% of the coding sequence. The affected dog was homozygous for the mutant allele. The comparative data on desmoglein 1 function in humans suggest that the identified DSG1 variant may have caused the footpad hyperkeratosis and predisposition for allergies and skin infections in the affected dog.
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Identification of a CDH12 potential candidate genetic variant for an autosomal dominant form of transgrediens and progrediens palmoplantar keratoderma in a Tunisian family. J Hum Genet 2020; 65:397-410. [PMID: 31911611 DOI: 10.1038/s10038-019-0711-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2019] [Revised: 11/29/2019] [Accepted: 12/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Molecular diagnosis of rare inherited palmoplantar keratoderma (PPK) is still challenging. We investigated at the clinical and genetic level a consanguineous Tunisian family presenting an autosomal dominant atypical form of transgrediens and progrediens PPK to better characterize this ultrarare disease and to identify its molecular etiology. Whole-exome sequencing (WES), filtering strategies, and bioinformatics analysis have been achieved. Clinical investigation and follow up over 13 years of this Tunisian family with three siblings formerly diagnosed as an autosomal recessive form of Mal de Melela-like conducted us to reconsider its initial phenotype. Indeed, the three patients presented clinical features that overlap both Mal de Meleda and progressive symmetric erythrokeratoderma (PSEK). The mode of inheritance was also reconsidered, since the mother, initially classified as unaffected, exhibited a similar expression of the disease. WES analysis showed the absence of potentially functional rare variants in known PPKs or PSEK-related genes. Results revealed a novel heterozygous nonsynonymous variant in cadherin-12 gene (CDH12, NM_004061, c.1655C > A, p.Thr552Asn) in all affected family members. This variant is absent in dbSNP and in 50 in-house control exomes. In addition, in silico analysis of the mutated 3D domain structure predicted that this variant would result in cadherin-12 protein destabilization and thermal instability. Functional annotation and biological network construction data provide further supporting evidence for the potential role of CDH12 in the maintenance of skin integrity. Taken together, these results suggest that CDH12 gene is a potential candidate gene for an atypical presentation of an autosomal dominant form of transgrediens and progrediens PPK.
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Njeru SN, Kraus J, Meena JK, Lechel A, Katz SF, Kumar M, Knippschild U, Azoitei A, Wezel F, Bolenz C, Leithäuser F, Gollowitzer A, Omrani O, Hoischen C, Koeberle A, Kestler HA, Günes C, Rudolph KL. Aneuploidy-inducing gene knockdowns overlap with cancer mutations and identify Orp3 as a B-cell lymphoma suppressor. Oncogene 2019; 39:1445-1465. [PMID: 31659255 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-019-1073-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2017] [Revised: 09/25/2019] [Accepted: 10/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Aneuploidy can instigate tumorigenesis. However, mutations in genes that control chromosome segregation are rare in human tumors as these mutations reduce cell fitness. Screening experiments indicate that the knockdown of multiple classes of genes that are not directly involved in chromosome segregation can lead to aneuploidy induction. The possible contribution of these genes to cancer formation remains yet to be defined. Here we identified gene knockdowns that lead to an increase in aneuploidy in checkpoint-deficient human cancer cells. Computational analysis revealed that the identified genes overlap with recurrent mutations in human cancers. The knockdown of the three strongest selected candidate genes (ORP3, GJB3, and RXFP1) enhances the malignant transformation of human fibroblasts in culture. Furthermore, the knockout of Orp3 results in an aberrant expansion of lymphoid progenitor cells and a high penetrance formation of chromosomal instable, pauci-clonal B-cell lymphoma in aging mice. At pre-tumorous stages, lymphoid cells from the animals exhibit deregulated phospholipid metabolism and an aberrant induction of proliferation regulating pathways associating with increased aneuploidy in hematopoietic progenitor cells. Together, these results support the concept that aneuploidy-inducing gene deficiencies contribute to cellular transformation and carcinogenesis involving the deregulation of various molecular processes such as lipid metabolism, proliferation, and cell survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sospeter N Njeru
- Leibniz Institute on Aging, Fritz Lipmann Institute e.V., 07745, Jena, Germany.,Paul-Ehrlich-Institute, Division Immunology, 63225, Langen, Germany
| | - Johann Kraus
- Institute of Medical Systems Biology, Ulm University, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Jitendra K Meena
- Leibniz Institute on Aging, Fritz Lipmann Institute e.V., 07745, Jena, Germany.,Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - André Lechel
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Ulm University Hospital, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Sarah-Fee Katz
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Ulm University Hospital, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Mukesh Kumar
- Department of Urology, Ulm University Hospital, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Uwe Knippschild
- Department of General and Visceral Surgery, Ulm University Hospital, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Anca Azoitei
- Department of Urology, Ulm University Hospital, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Felix Wezel
- Department of Urology, Ulm University Hospital, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Christian Bolenz
- Department of Urology, Ulm University Hospital, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | | | - André Gollowitzer
- Institute of Pharmacy, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, 07743, Jena, Germany
| | - Omid Omrani
- Leibniz Institute on Aging, Fritz Lipmann Institute e.V., 07745, Jena, Germany
| | - Christian Hoischen
- Leibniz Institute on Aging, Fritz Lipmann Institute e.V., 07745, Jena, Germany
| | - Andreas Koeberle
- Institute of Pharmacy, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, 07743, Jena, Germany.,Michael Popp Research Institute, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Hans A Kestler
- Institute of Medical Systems Biology, Ulm University, 89081, Ulm, Germany.
| | - Cagatay Günes
- Department of Urology, Ulm University Hospital, 89081, Ulm, Germany.
| | - K Lenhard Rudolph
- Leibniz Institute on Aging, Fritz Lipmann Institute e.V., 07745, Jena, Germany.
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Cohen-Barak E, Godsel LM, Koetsier JL, Hegazy M, Kushnir-Grinbaum D, Hammad H, Danial-Farran N, Harmon R, Khayat M, Bochner R, Peled A, Rozenblat M, Krausz J, Sarig O, Johnson JL, Ziv M, Shalev SA, Sprecher E, Green KJ. The Role of Desmoglein 1 in Gap Junction Turnover Revealed through the Study of SAM Syndrome. J Invest Dermatol 2019; 140:556-567.e9. [PMID: 31465738 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2019.08.433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2019] [Revised: 07/15/2019] [Accepted: 08/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
An effective epidermal barrier requires structural and functional integration of adherens junctions, tight junctions, gap junctions (GJ), and desmosomes. Desmosomes govern epidermal integrity while GJs facilitate small molecule transfer across cell membranes. Some patients with severe dermatitis, multiple allergies, and metabolic wasting (SAM) syndrome, caused by biallelic desmoglein 1 (DSG1) mutations, exhibit skin lesions reminiscent of erythrokeratodermia variabilis, caused by mutations in connexin (Cx) genes. We, therefore, examined whether SAM syndrome-causing DSG1 mutations interfere with Cx expression and GJ function. Lesional skin biopsies from SAM syndrome patients (n = 7) revealed decreased Dsg1 and Cx43 plasma membrane localization compared with control and nonlesional skin. Cultured keratinocytes and organotypic skin equivalents depleted of Dsg1 exhibited reduced Cx43 expression, rescued upon re-introduction of wild-type Dsg1, but not Dsg1 constructs modeling SAM syndrome-causing mutations. Ectopic Dsg1 expression increased cell-cell dye transfer, which Cx43 silencing inhibited, suggesting that Dsg1 promotes GJ function through Cx43. As GJA1 gene expression was not decreased upon Dsg1 loss, we hypothesized that Cx43 reduction was due to enhanced protein degradation. Supporting this, PKC-dependent Cx43 S368 phosphorylation, which signals Cx43 turnover, increased after Dsg1 depletion, while lysosomal inhibition restored Cx43 levels. These data reveal a role for Dsg1 in regulating epidermal Cx43 turnover.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eran Cohen-Barak
- Departments of Dermatology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA; Department of Pathology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA; Department of Dermatology, "Emek" Medical Center, Afula, Israel; Bruce and Ruth Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion, Haifa, Israel
| | - Lisa M Godsel
- Departments of Dermatology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA; Department of Pathology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Jennifer L Koetsier
- Department of Pathology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Marihan Hegazy
- Department of Pathology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | | | - Helwe Hammad
- Department of Dermatology, "Emek" Medical Center, Afula, Israel
| | | | - Robert Harmon
- Department of Pathology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Morad Khayat
- The Genetic Institute, "Emek" Medical Center, Afula, Israel
| | - Ron Bochner
- Department of Dermatology, Tel Aviv Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Alon Peled
- Department of Dermatology, Tel Aviv Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel; Department of Human Molecular Genetics & Biochemistry, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Mati Rozenblat
- Department of Dermatology, "Emek" Medical Center, Afula, Israel
| | - Judit Krausz
- Department of Pathology, "Emek" Medical Center, Afula, Israel
| | - Ofer Sarig
- Department of Dermatology, Tel Aviv Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Jodi L Johnson
- Departments of Dermatology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA; Department of Pathology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Michael Ziv
- Department of Dermatology, "Emek" Medical Center, Afula, Israel
| | - Stavit A Shalev
- Bruce and Ruth Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion, Haifa, Israel; The Genetic Institute, "Emek" Medical Center, Afula, Israel
| | - Eli Sprecher
- Department of Dermatology, Tel Aviv Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel; Department of Human Molecular Genetics & Biochemistry, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Kathleen J Green
- Departments of Dermatology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA; Department of Pathology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA; Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA.
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17
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Inner Ear Connexin Channels: Roles in Development and Maintenance of Cochlear Function. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Med 2019; 9:cshperspect.a033233. [PMID: 30181354 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a033233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Connexin 26 and connexin 30 are the prevailing isoforms in the epithelial and connective tissue gap junction systems of the developing and mature cochlea. The most frequently encountered variants of the genes that encode these connexins, which are transcriptionally coregulated, determine complete loss of protein function and are the predominant cause of prelingual hereditary deafness. Reducing connexin 26 expression by Cre/loxP recombination in the inner ear of adult mice results in a decreased endocochlear potential, increased hearing thresholds, and loss of >90% of outer hair cells, indicating that this connexin is essential for maintenance of cochlear function. In the developing cochlea, connexins are necessary for intercellular calcium signaling activity. Ribbon synapses and basolateral membrane currents fail to mature in inner hair cells of mice that are born with reduced connexin expression, even though hair cells do not express any connexin. In contrast, pannexin 1, an alternative mediator of intercellular signaling, is dispensable for hearing acquisition and auditory function.
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Li C, Liang J, Chen P, Zeng K, Xue R, Tian X, Liang L, Wang Q, Shi M, Zhang X. Two de novo GJA1 mutation in two sporadic patients with erythrokeratodermia variabilis et progressiva. Mol Genet Genomic Med 2019; 7:e670. [PMID: 30924322 PMCID: PMC6565561 DOI: 10.1002/mgg3.670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2018] [Revised: 01/02/2019] [Accepted: 03/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Erythrokeratodermia variabilis et progressiva (EKVP, OMIM 133200) is a rare hereditary disorder characterized by varies from transient, fast moving erythema to persistent brown hyperkeratotic plaques. Recently, mutations in the genes gap junction alpha 1 gene (GJA1), GJB3, and GJB4 have been reported to cause EKVP. Here, we report the identification of two de novo missense mutations in the GJA1 gene in two unrelated individuals with EKVP. Methods The patients and his family members were subjected to mutation detection in the candidate gene GJA1, GJB3, and GJB4 by Sanger sequencing. The expression of connexin (Cx) 43 was detected by immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence (IF) studies in the lesions. Results A 12‐year‐old boy presented with multiple hyperkeratotic plaques on the face, neck, elbows, wrists, limbs, knees, inguinal region, hands, and feet. A 7‐year‐old girl presented with symmetrical erythematous, plaques on the hands, feet, wrists, and ankles. A novel heterozygous missense mutation c.848C > T (p.P283L) in exon 2 of the GJA1 gene was identified in both patients. A novel heterozygous missense mutation c.869C > A (p.T290N) in exon 2 of the GJA1 gene was also identified in the boy. These mutations were not found in the unaffected family members and 100 normal controls. In the patients’ lesions, Cx43 protein was located to the cytomembrane and cytoplasm in the stratum corneum, and granular layer. Compound heterozygous mutations in the boy showed a more severe clinical phenotype and cytoplasmic mislocalization. Conclusions The novel mutations c.848C > T (p.P283L) and c.869C > A(p.T290N) arose de novo and were considered as the cause of two Chinese EKVP. GJA1 P283L and T290N mutations lead to Cx43 protein cytoplasmic mislocalization. Our finding expands the mutant spectrum of GJA1 gene and adds new understanding of the genotype‐phenotype correlation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changxing Li
- Department of Dermatology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jingyao Liang
- Department of Dermatology, Guangzhou Institute of Dermatology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Pingjiao Chen
- Department of Dermatology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Kang Zeng
- Department of Dermatology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Rujun Xue
- Department of Dermatology, Guangzhou Institute of Dermatology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xin Tian
- Department of Dermatology, Guangzhou Institute of Dermatology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Liuping Liang
- Department of Dermatology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qi Wang
- Department of Dermatology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Minglan Shi
- Department of Dermatology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xibao Zhang
- Department of Dermatology, Guangzhou Institute of Dermatology, Guangzhou, China
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19
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Duchatelet S, Boyden LM, Ishida-Yamamoto A, Zhou J, Guibbal L, Hu R, Lim YH, Bole-Feysot C, Nitschké P, Santos-Simarro F, de Lucas R, Milstone LM, Gildenstern V, Helfrich YR, Attardi LD, Lifton RP, Choate KA, Hovnanian A. Mutations in PERP Cause Dominant and Recessive Keratoderma. J Invest Dermatol 2018; 139:380-390. [PMID: 30321533 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2018.08.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2018] [Revised: 07/31/2018] [Accepted: 08/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Investigation of genetic determinants of Mendelian skin disorders has substantially advanced understanding of epidermal biology. Here we show that mutations in PERP, encoding a crucial component of desmosomes, cause both dominant and recessive human keratoderma. Heterozygosity for a C-terminal truncation, which produces a protein that appears to be unstably incorporated into desmosomes, causes Olmsted syndrome with severe periorificial and palmoplantar keratoderma in multiple unrelated kindreds. Homozygosity for an N-terminal truncation ablates expression and causes widespread erythrokeratoderma, with expansion of epidermal differentiation markers. Both exhibit epidermal hyperproliferation, immature desmosomes lacking a dense midline observed via electron microscopy, and impaired intercellular adhesion upon mechanical stress. Localization of other desmosomal components appears normal, which is in contrast to other conditions caused by mutations in genes encoding desmosomal proteins. These discoveries highlight the essential role of PERP in human desmosomes and epidermal homeostasis and further expand the heterogeneous spectrum of inherited keratinization disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabine Duchatelet
- Laboratory of Genetic Skin Diseases, INSERM Imagine Institute, Paris, France; University Paris Descartes, Paris, France
| | - Lynn M Boyden
- Department of Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | | | - Jing Zhou
- Department of Dermatology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Laure Guibbal
- Laboratory of Genetic Skin Diseases, INSERM Imagine Institute, Paris, France; University Paris Descartes, Paris, France
| | - Ronghua Hu
- Department of Dermatology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Young H Lim
- Department of Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA; Department of Dermatology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Christine Bole-Feysot
- University Paris Descartes, Paris, France; Genomic Platform, INSERM Imagine Institute, Paris, France
| | - Patrick Nitschké
- University Paris Descartes, Paris, France; Bioinformatics Platform, INSERM Imagine Institute, Paris, France
| | | | - Raul de Lucas
- Department of Dermatology, Hospital Universitario La Paz, Madrid, Spain
| | - Leonard M Milstone
- Department of Dermatology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | | | - Yolanda R Helfrich
- Department of Dermatology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Laura D Attardi
- Departments of Radiation Oncology and Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Richard P Lifton
- Department of Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Keith A Choate
- Department of Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA; Department of Dermatology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA; Department of Pathology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA.
| | - Alain Hovnanian
- Laboratory of Genetic Skin Diseases, INSERM Imagine Institute, Paris, France; University Paris Descartes, Paris, France; Department of Genetics, Necker-Enfants Malades Hospital, Paris, France.
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20
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Deng Y, Wang H, Mou Y, Zeng Q, Xiong X. Exome sequencing identifies novel compound heterozygous mutations in GJB3 gene that cause erythrokeratodermia variabilis et progressiva. Australas J Dermatol 2018; 60:e87-e89. [PMID: 29992552 PMCID: PMC6585696 DOI: 10.1111/ajd.12887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yongqiong Deng
- Department of Dermatology & STD, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Hong Wang
- Department of Dermatology & STD, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Yunzhu Mou
- Department of Dermatology & STD, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan, China
| | - Qi Zeng
- Pediatric Department, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xia Xiong
- Department of Dermatology & STD, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
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21
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García IE, Villanelo F, Contreras GF, Pupo A, Pinto BI, Contreras JE, Pérez-Acle T, Alvarez O, Latorre R, Martínez AD, González C. The syndromic deafness mutation G12R impairs fast and slow gating in Cx26 hemichannels. J Gen Physiol 2018; 150:697-711. [PMID: 29643172 PMCID: PMC5940247 DOI: 10.1085/jgp.201711782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2017] [Revised: 11/13/2017] [Accepted: 03/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutations in connexin 26 hemichannels that cause syndromic deafness have a gain-of-function phenotype that is poorly understood. García et al. show that one such mutation impairs fast and slow gating in these hemichannels because of an interaction between the N terminus and intracellular loop. Mutations in connexin 26 (Cx26) hemichannels can lead to syndromic deafness that affects the cochlea and skin. These mutations lead to gain-of-function hemichannel phenotypes by unknown molecular mechanisms. In this study, we investigate the biophysical properties of the syndromic mutant Cx26G12R (G12R). Unlike wild-type Cx26, G12R macroscopic hemichannel currents do not saturate upon depolarization, and deactivation is faster during hyperpolarization, suggesting that these channels have impaired fast and slow gating. Single G12R hemichannels show a large increase in open probability, and transitions to the subconductance state are rare and short-lived, demonstrating an inoperative fast gating mechanism. Molecular dynamics simulations indicate that G12R causes a displacement of the N terminus toward the cytoplasm, favoring an interaction between R12 in the N terminus and R99 in the intracellular loop. Disruption of this interaction recovers the fast and slow voltage-dependent gating mechanisms. These results suggest that the mechanisms of fast and slow gating in connexin hemichannels are coupled and provide a molecular mechanism for the gain-of-function phenotype displayed by the syndromic G12R mutation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isaac E García
- Centro Interdisciplinario de Neurociencia de Valparaíso, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile.,Laboratory of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Facultad de Odontología, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Felipe Villanelo
- Centro Interdisciplinario de Neurociencia de Valparaíso, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile.,Computational Biology Laboratory, Fundación Ciencia & Vida, Santiago, Chile
| | - Gustavo F Contreras
- Centro Interdisciplinario de Neurociencia de Valparaíso, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Amaury Pupo
- Centro Interdisciplinario de Neurociencia de Valparaíso, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Bernardo I Pinto
- Centro Interdisciplinario de Neurociencia de Valparaíso, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Jorge E Contreras
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology, and Neuroscience, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers University, Newark, NJ
| | - Tomás Pérez-Acle
- Centro Interdisciplinario de Neurociencia de Valparaíso, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile.,Computational Biology Laboratory, Fundación Ciencia & Vida, Santiago, Chile
| | - Osvaldo Alvarez
- Centro Interdisciplinario de Neurociencia de Valparaíso, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile.,Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Ramon Latorre
- Centro Interdisciplinario de Neurociencia de Valparaíso, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Agustín D Martínez
- Centro Interdisciplinario de Neurociencia de Valparaíso, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Carlos González
- Centro Interdisciplinario de Neurociencia de Valparaíso, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
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22
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Guerra L, Castori M, Didona B, Castiglia D, Zambruno G. Hereditary palmoplantar keratodermas. Part II: syndromic palmoplantar keratodermas - Diagnostic algorithm and principles of therapy. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2018; 32:899-925. [DOI: 10.1111/jdv.14834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2017] [Accepted: 01/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- L. Guerra
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cell Biology; Istituto Dermopatico dell'Immacolata-IRCCS; Rome Italy
| | - M. Castori
- Division of Medical Genetics; Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza-IRCCS; San Giovanni Rotondo Italy
| | - B. Didona
- Rare Skin Disease Center; Istituto Dermopatico dell'Immacolata-IRCCS; Rome Italy
| | - D. Castiglia
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cell Biology; Istituto Dermopatico dell'Immacolata-IRCCS; Rome Italy
| | - G. Zambruno
- Genetic and Rare Diseases Research Area and Dermatology Unit; Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital-IRCCS; Rome Italy
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23
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Sampaio‐Silva J, Batissoco AC, Jesus‐Santos R, Abath‐Neto O, Scarpelli LC, Nishimura PY, Galindo LT, Bento RF, Oiticica J, Lezirovitz K. Exome Sequencing Identifies a Novel Nonsense Mutation of
MYO6
as the Cause of Deafness in a Brazilian Family. Ann Hum Genet 2017; 82:23-34. [DOI: 10.1111/ahg.12213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2017] [Accepted: 08/16/2017] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Juliana Sampaio‐Silva
- Laboratório de Otorrinolaringologia/LIM32 Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP Faculdade de Medicina Universidade de Sao Paulo Sao Paulo SP Brasil
| | - Ana Carla Batissoco
- Laboratório de Otorrinolaringologia/LIM32 Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP Faculdade de Medicina Universidade de Sao Paulo Sao Paulo SP Brasil
| | - Rafaela Jesus‐Santos
- Laboratório de Otorrinolaringologia/LIM32 Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP Faculdade de Medicina Universidade de Sao Paulo Sao Paulo SP Brasil
| | - Osório Abath‐Neto
- Departamento de Neurologia Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP Universidade de Sao Paulo Sao Paulo SP Brasil
| | | | | | - Layla Testa Galindo
- Setor de Biologia Molecular Grupo DASA – Diagnósticos da América Barueri SP Brasil
| | - Ricardo Ferreira Bento
- Laboratório de Otorrinolaringologia/LIM32 Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP Faculdade de Medicina Universidade de Sao Paulo Sao Paulo SP Brasil
| | - Jeanne Oiticica
- Laboratório de Otorrinolaringologia/LIM32 Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP Faculdade de Medicina Universidade de Sao Paulo Sao Paulo SP Brasil
| | - Karina Lezirovitz
- Laboratório de Otorrinolaringologia/LIM32 Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP Faculdade de Medicina Universidade de Sao Paulo Sao Paulo SP Brasil
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24
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Iki T, Tanaka M, Kitajiri SI, Kita T, Kawasaki Y, Mizukoshi A, Fujibuchi W, Nakagawa T, Nakahata T, Ito J, Omori K, Saito MK. Microarray analyses of otospheres derived from the cochlea in the inner ear identify putative transcription factors that regulate the characteristics of otospheres. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0179901. [PMID: 28662075 PMCID: PMC5491065 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0179901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2017] [Accepted: 06/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Various tissues possess tissue-specific stem/progenitor cells, including the inner ears. Stem/progenitor cells of the inner ear can be isolated as so-called otospheres from differentiated cells using a sphere forming assay. Although recent studies have demonstrated the characteristics of otospheres to some extent, most of the features of these cells are unknown. In this report, we describe the findings of transcriptome analyses with a cDNA microarray of otospheres derived from the cochleae of the inner ears of neonatal mice in order to clarify the gene expression profile of otic stem/progenitor cells. There were common transcription factors between otospheres and embryonic stem cells, which were supposed to be due to the stemness of otospheres. In comparison with the cochlear sensory epithelium, the otospheres shared characteristics with the cochlea, although several transcription factors specific for otospheres were identified. These transcription factors are expected to be essential for maintaining the characteristics of otospheres, and appear to be candidate genes that promote the direct conversion of cells into otic stem/progenitor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takehiro Iki
- Department of Clinical Application, Center for iPS Cell Research and Application, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Michihiro Tanaka
- Information and Security Office, Center for iPS Cell Research and Application, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Shin-ichiro Kitajiri
- Department of Hearing Implant Sciences, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Tomoko Kita
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yuri Kawasaki
- Department of Clinical Application, Center for iPS Cell Research and Application, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Akifumi Mizukoshi
- Department of Clinical Application, Center for iPS Cell Research and Application, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Wataru Fujibuchi
- Department of Cell Growth and Differentiation, Center for iPS Cell Research and Application, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Takayuki Nakagawa
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Tatsutoshi Nakahata
- Department of Clinical Application, Center for iPS Cell Research and Application, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Juichi Ito
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
- Hearing Communication Medical Center, Shiga Medical Center Research Institute, Shiga, Japan
| | - Koichi Omori
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Megumu K. Saito
- Department of Clinical Application, Center for iPS Cell Research and Application, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
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25
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Boyden LM, Vincent NG, Zhou J, Hu R, Craiglow BG, Bayliss SJ, Rosman IS, Lucky AW, Diaz LA, Goldsmith LA, Paller AS, Lifton RP, Baserga SJ, Choate KA. Mutations in KDSR Cause Recessive Progressive Symmetric Erythrokeratoderma. Am J Hum Genet 2017; 100:978-984. [PMID: 28575652 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2017.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2017] [Accepted: 05/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The discovery of new genetic determinants of inherited skin disorders has been instrumental to the understanding of epidermal function, differentiation, and renewal. Here, we show that mutations in KDSR (3-ketodihydrosphingosine reductase), encoding an enzyme in the ceramide synthesis pathway, lead to a previously undescribed recessive Mendelian disorder in the progressive symmetric erythrokeratoderma spectrum. This disorder is characterized by severe lesions of thick scaly skin on the face and genitals and thickened, red, and scaly skin on the hands and feet. Although exome sequencing revealed several of the KDSR mutations, we employed genome sequencing to discover a pathogenic 346 kb inversion in multiple probands, and cDNA sequencing and a splicing assay established that two mutations, including a recurrent silent third base change, cause exon skipping. Immunohistochemistry and yeast complementation studies demonstrated that the mutations cause defects in KDSR function. Systemic isotretinoin therapy has achieved nearly complete resolution in the two probands in whom it has been applied, consistent with the effects of retinoic acid on alternative pathways for ceramide generation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lynn M Boyden
- Department of Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Nicholas G Vincent
- Department of Microbiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Jing Zhou
- Department of Dermatology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Ronghua Hu
- Department of Dermatology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Brittany G Craiglow
- Department of Dermatology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Susan J Bayliss
- Division of Dermatology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Ilana S Rosman
- Division of Dermatology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Anne W Lucky
- Dermatologists of Southwest Ohio, Cincinnatti, OH 45247, USA
| | - Luis A Diaz
- Department of Dermatology, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC 27516, USA
| | - Lowell A Goldsmith
- Department of Dermatology, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC 27516, USA
| | - Amy S Paller
- Department of Dermatology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Richard P Lifton
- Department of Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Susan J Baserga
- Department of Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA; Department of Therapeutic Radiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA; Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Keith A Choate
- Department of Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA; Department of Dermatology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA; Department of Pathology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA.
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26
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Srinivas M, Verselis VK, White TW. Human diseases associated with connexin mutations. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2017; 1860:192-201. [PMID: 28457858 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2017.04.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2017] [Revised: 04/20/2017] [Accepted: 04/25/2017] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Gap junctions and hemichannels comprised of connexins impact many cellular processes. Significant advances in our understanding of the functional role of these channels have been made by the identification of a host of genetic diseases caused by connexin mutations. Prominent features of connexin disorders are the inability of other connexins expressed in the same cell type to compensate for the mutated one, and the ability of connexin mutants to dominantly influence the activity of other wild-type connexins. Functional studies have begun to identify some of the underlying mechanisms whereby connexin channel mutation contributes to the disease state. Detailed mechanistic understanding of these functional differences will help to facilitate new pathophysiology driven therapies for the diverse array of connexin genetic disorders. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Gap Junction Proteins edited by Jean Claude Herve.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miduturu Srinivas
- Department of Biological and Vision Sciences, SUNY College of Optometry, New York, NY 10036, USA
| | - Vytas K Verselis
- Dominick P. Purpura Department of Neuroscience, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Thomas W White
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA.
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27
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Song S, Yu H, Li Q. Genome survey and characterization of reproduction-related genes in the Pacific oyster. INVERTEBR REPROD DEV 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/07924259.2017.1287780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Song
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ocean University of China), Ministry of Education, Qingdao, China
| | - Hong Yu
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ocean University of China), Ministry of Education, Qingdao, China
| | - Qi Li
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ocean University of China), Ministry of Education, Qingdao, China
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28
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Abstract
The ichthyoses, also known as disorders of keratinization (DOK), encompass a heterogeneous group of skin diseases linked by the common finding of abnormal barrier function, which initiates a default compensatory pathway of hyperproliferation, resulting in the characteristic clinical manifestation of localized and/or generalized scaling. Additional cutaneous findings frequently seen in ichthyoses include generalized xerosis, erythroderma, palmoplantar keratoderma, hypohydrosis, and recurrent infections. In 2009, the Ichthyosis Consensus Conference established a classification consensus for DOK based on pathophysiology, clinical manifestations, and mode of inheritance. This nomenclature system divides DOK into two main groups: nonsyndromic forms, with clinical findings limited to the skin, and syndromic forms, with involvement of additional organ systems. Advances in next-generation sequencing technology have allowed for more rapid and cost-effective genetic analysis, leading to the identification of novel, rare mutations that cause DOK, many of which represent phenotypic expansion. This review focuses on new findings in syndromic and nonsyndromic ichthyoses, with emphasis on novel genetic discoveries that provide insight into disease pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nareh V Marukian
- Department of Dermatology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06511, USA
| | - Keith A Choate
- Department of Dermatology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06511, USA; Department of Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06511, USA; Department of Pathology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06511, USA
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29
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Takeichi T, Akiyama M. Inherited ichthyosis: Non-syndromic forms. J Dermatol 2016; 43:242-51. [DOI: 10.1111/1346-8138.13243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2015] [Accepted: 10/25/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Takuya Takeichi
- Department of Dermatology; Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine; Nagoya Japan
| | - Masashi Akiyama
- Department of Dermatology; Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine; Nagoya Japan
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30
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Ishida-Yamamoto A. Erythrokeratodermia variabilis et progressiva. J Dermatol 2016; 43:280-5. [DOI: 10.1111/1346-8138.13220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2015] [Accepted: 10/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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31
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Connexin channels in congenital skin disorders. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2016; 50:4-12. [PMID: 26775130 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2015.11.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2015] [Accepted: 11/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Gap junctions and hemichannels comprised of connexins influence epidermal proliferation and differentiation. Significant advances in our understanding of the functional role of connexins in the skin have been made by studying the diseases caused by connexin mutations. Eleven clinically defined cutaneous disorders with an overlapping spectrum of phenotypes are caused by mutations in five different connexin genes, highlighting that disease presentation must be deciphered with an understanding of how connexin functions are affected. Increasing evidence suggests that the skin diseases produced by connexin mutations result from dominant gains of function. In palmoplantar keratoderma with deafness, the connexin 26 mutations transdominantly alter the function of wild-type connexin 43 and create leaky heteromeric hemichannels. In keratitis-ichthyosis-deafness syndrome, different connexin 26 mutations can either form dominant hemichannels with altered calcium regulation or increased calcium permeability, leading to clinical subtypes of this syndrome. It is only with detailed understanding of these subtle functional differences that we can hope to create successful pathophysiology driven therapies for the connexin skin disorders.
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32
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García IE, Bosen F, Mujica P, Pupo A, Flores-Muñoz C, Jara O, González C, Willecke K, Martínez AD. From Hyperactive Connexin26 Hemichannels to Impairments in Epidermal Calcium Gradient and Permeability Barrier in the Keratitis-Ichthyosis-Deafness Syndrome. J Invest Dermatol 2016; 136:574-583. [PMID: 26777423 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2015.11.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2015] [Revised: 11/05/2015] [Accepted: 11/06/2015] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
The keratitis-ichthyosis-deafness (KID) syndrome is characterized by corneal, skin, and hearing abnormalities. KID has been linked to heterozygous dominant missense mutations in the GJB2 and GJB6 genes, encoding connexin26 and 30, respectively. In vitro evidence indicates that KID mutations lead to hyperactive (open) hemichannels, which in some cases is accompanied by abnormal function of gap junction channels. Transgenic mouse models expressing connexin26 KID mutations reproduce human phenotypes and present impaired epidermal calcium homeostasis and abnormal lipid composition of the stratum corneum affecting the water barrier. Here we have compiled relevant data regarding the KID syndrome and propose a mechanism for the epidermal aspects of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isaac E García
- Centro Interdisciplinario de Neurociencia de Valparaíso, Instituto de Neurociencia, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Felicitas Bosen
- LIMES (Life and Medical Sciences) Institute, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Paula Mujica
- Centro Interdisciplinario de Neurociencia de Valparaíso, Instituto de Neurociencia, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Amaury Pupo
- Centro Interdisciplinario de Neurociencia de Valparaíso, Instituto de Neurociencia, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Carolina Flores-Muñoz
- Centro Interdisciplinario de Neurociencia de Valparaíso, Instituto de Neurociencia, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Oscar Jara
- Centro Interdisciplinario de Neurociencia de Valparaíso, Instituto de Neurociencia, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Carlos González
- Centro Interdisciplinario de Neurociencia de Valparaíso, Instituto de Neurociencia, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Klaus Willecke
- LIMES (Life and Medical Sciences) Institute, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany.
| | - Agustín D Martínez
- Centro Interdisciplinario de Neurociencia de Valparaíso, Instituto de Neurociencia, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile.
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33
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Lei X, Cui K, Liu Q, Zhang H, Li Z, Huang B, Shi D. Exogenous Estradiol Benzoate Induces Spermatogenesis Disorder through Influencing Apoptosis and Oestrogen Receptor Signalling Pathway. Reprod Domest Anim 2015; 51:75-84. [PMID: 26684898 DOI: 10.1111/rda.12648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2015] [Accepted: 11/07/2015] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
As the exact role for exogenous oestrogen in spermatogenesis is not fully understood, the aim of this study was to investigate the effect of estradiol benzoate (EB) exposure to male mice on their spermatogenesis and fertility. Sixty male mice aged 4 weeks were randomly divided into three groups, including a control group and two treatment groups. The mice of the control group were injected with 250 μl paraffin oil only by every other day subcutaneous injection for 4 weeks. Meantime, the mice of the treatment groups were injected with EB at the concentration of 5 or 10 mg/kg, respectively. Results showed that EB slowed down the body weight gains and generated testicular atrophy with spermatogenesis disorder compared with that of the control mice, and consequently induced their infertility. Moreover, the number of TUNEL-positive cells in the testis of EB-treated mice was significantly increased with the EB concentration rise. In comparison with controls, the mRNA expression level of pro-apoptosis factors (Fas, TNF, Cytochrome C, Apaf1, Chop, Caspase-3, Caspase-8, Caspase-9 and Caspase-12) and key genes in oestrogen receptor (ER) signalling pathway (ER α, ER β, Erk1/2, Hsp90 and DAX-1) were upregulated in the testes of the treatment groups. Furthermore, Western blotting results proved the protein expression level of Fas, TNF, Cytochrome C, Chop, Caspase-3, cleaved Caspase-3, Caspase-9, Erk1/2 and Hsp90 were upregulated, and the phosphorylation level of Erk1/2 was also increased. These results indicate that EB may impair spermatogenesis through influencing the apoptosis and ER signalling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- X Lei
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - K Cui
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Q Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - H Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Z Li
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - B Huang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - D Shi
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
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34
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Hu Q, Guo W, Gao Y, Tang R, Li D. Molecular cloning and characterization of amh and dax1 genes and their expression during sex inversion in rice-field eel Monopterus albus. Sci Rep 2015; 5:16667. [PMID: 26578091 PMCID: PMC4649613 DOI: 10.1038/srep16667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2015] [Accepted: 10/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The full-length cDNAs of amh and dax1 in the hermaphrodite, rice-field eel (Monopterus albus), were cloned and characterized in this study. Multiple sequence alignment revealed Dax1 was well conserved among vertebrates, whereas Amh had a low degree of similarity between different vertebrates. Their expression profiles in gonads during the course of sex inversion and tissues were investigated. The tissue distribution indicated amh was expressed mostly in gonads and was scarcely detectable in other tissues, whereas the expression of dax1 was widespread among the different tissues, especially liver and gonads. amh was scarcely detectable in ovaries whereas it was abundantly expressed in both ovotestis and testis. By contrast, dax1 was highly expressed in ovaries, especially in ♀IV (ovaries in IV stage), but it was decreased significantly in ♀/♂I (ovotestis in I stage). Its expression was increased again in ♀/♂III (ovotestis in III stage), and then decreased to a low level in testis. These significant different expression patterns of amh and dax1 suggest the increase of amh expression and the decline of dax1 expression are important for the activation of testis development, and the high level of amh and a low level of dax1 expression are necessary for maintenance of testis function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Hu
- College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.,Freshwater Aquaculture Collaborative Innovation Center of Hubei Province, Wuhan 430070, China.,Key Laboratory of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Wei Guo
- College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.,Freshwater Aquaculture Collaborative Innovation Center of Hubei Province, Wuhan 430070, China.,Key Laboratory of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Yu Gao
- College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.,Freshwater Aquaculture Collaborative Innovation Center of Hubei Province, Wuhan 430070, China.,Key Laboratory of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Rong Tang
- College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.,Freshwater Aquaculture Collaborative Innovation Center of Hubei Province, Wuhan 430070, China.,Key Laboratory of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Dapeng Li
- College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.,Life Science College, Hunan University of Arts and Science, Changde 415000, China.,Freshwater Aquaculture Collaborative Innovation Center of Hubei Province, Wuhan 430070, China.,Key Laboratory of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan 430070, China
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35
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Abou Tayoun AN, Al Turki SH, Oza AM, Bowser MJ, Hernandez AL, Funke BH, Rehm HL, Amr SS. Improving hearing loss gene testing: a systematic review of gene evidence toward more efficient next-generation sequencing-based diagnostic testing and interpretation. Genet Med 2015; 18:545-53. [PMID: 26562227 DOI: 10.1038/gim.2015.141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2015] [Accepted: 08/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE With next generation sequencing technology improvement and cost reductions, it has become technically feasible to sequence a large number of genes in one diagnostic test. This is especially relevant for diseases with large genetic and/or phenotypic heterogeneity, such as hearing loss. However, variant interpretation remains the major bottleneck. This is further exacerbated by the lack in the clinical genetics community of consensus criteria for defining the evidence necessary to include genes on targeted disease panels or in genomic reports, and the consequent risk of reporting variants in genes with no relevance to disease. METHODS We describe a systematic evidence-based approach for assessing gene-disease associations and for curating relevant genes for different disease aspects, including mode of inheritance, phenotypic severity, and mutation spectrum. RESULTS By applying this approach to clinically available hearing loss gene panels with a total of 163 genes, we show that a significant number (45%) of genes lack sufficient evidence of association with disease and thus are expected to increase uncertainty and patient anxiety, in addition to intensifying the interpretation burden. Information about all curated genes is summarized. Our retrospective analysis of 539 hearing loss cases tested by our previous OtoGenomeV2 panel demonstrates the impact of including genes with weak disease association in laboratory wet-bench and interpretation processes. CONCLUSION Our study is, to our knowledge, the first to highlight the urgent need for defining the clinical validity of gene-disease relationships for more efficient and accurate clinical testing and reporting.Genet Med 18 6, 545-553.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad N Abou Tayoun
- Genetics Training Program, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.,Laboratory for Molecular Medicine, Partners Healthcare Personalized Medicine, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.,Division of Genomic Diagnostics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, The University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Saeed H Al Turki
- Genetics Training Program, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Andrea M Oza
- Laboratory for Molecular Medicine, Partners Healthcare Personalized Medicine, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Mark J Bowser
- Laboratory for Molecular Medicine, Partners Healthcare Personalized Medicine, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Amy L Hernandez
- Laboratory for Molecular Medicine, Partners Healthcare Personalized Medicine, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Birgit H Funke
- Laboratory for Molecular Medicine, Partners Healthcare Personalized Medicine, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Heidi L Rehm
- Laboratory for Molecular Medicine, Partners Healthcare Personalized Medicine, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Sami S Amr
- Laboratory for Molecular Medicine, Partners Healthcare Personalized Medicine, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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Shizukawa H, Hiragun M, Hiragun T, Sugita Y, Hide M. Case of erythrokeratodermia variabilis successfully treated with oral vitamin A. J Dermatol 2015; 42:1124-5. [PMID: 26283448 DOI: 10.1111/1346-8138.13056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hiroko Shizukawa
- Department of Dermatology, Integrated Health Sciences, Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Makiko Hiragun
- Department of Dermatology, Integrated Health Sciences, Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Takaaki Hiragun
- Department of Dermatology, Integrated Health Sciences, Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | | | - Michihiro Hide
- Department of Dermatology, Integrated Health Sciences, Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
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37
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Tang C, Chen X, Chi J, Yang D, Liu S, Liu M, Pan Q, Fan J, Wang D, Zhang Z. Pathogenic Cx31 is un/misfolded to cause skin abnormality via a Fos/JunB-mediated mechanism. Hum Mol Genet 2015; 24:6054-65. [DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddv317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2015] [Accepted: 07/31/2015] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
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Erythrokeratodermia variabilis et progressiva allelic to oculo-dento-digital dysplasia. J Invest Dermatol 2015; 135:1475-1478. [PMID: 25964267 DOI: 10.1038/jid.2014.535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Erythrokeratodermia variabilis et progressiva (EKVP) is a genodermatosis with clinical and genetic heterogeneity, most often transmitted in an autosomal dominant manner, caused by mutations in GJB3 and GJB4 genes encoding connexins (Cx)31 and 30.3, respectively. In this issue, Boyden et al. (2015) report for the first time de novo dominant mutations in GJA1 encoding the ubiquitous Cx43 in patients with EKVP. These results expand the genetic heterogeneity of EKVP and the human disease phenotypes associated with GJA1 mutations. They disclose that EKVP is allelic to oculo-dento-digital dysplasia, a rare syndrome previously known to be caused by dominant GJA1 mutations.
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39
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Meena JK, Cerutti A, Beichler C, Morita Y, Bruhn C, Kumar M, Kraus JM, Speicher MR, Wang ZQ, Kestler HA, d'Adda di Fagagna F, Günes C, Rudolph KL. Telomerase abrogates aneuploidy-induced telomere replication stress, senescence and cell depletion. EMBO J 2015; 34:1371-84. [PMID: 25820263 PMCID: PMC4491997 DOI: 10.15252/embj.201490070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2014] [Revised: 03/03/2015] [Accepted: 03/04/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The causal role of aneuploidy in cancer initiation remains under debate since mutations of euploidy-controlling genes reduce cell fitness but aneuploidy strongly associates with human cancers. Telomerase activation allows immortal growth by stabilizing telomere length, but its role in aneuploidy survival has not been characterized. Here, we analyze the response of primary human cells and murine hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) to aneuploidy induction and the role of telomeres and the telomerase in this process. The study shows that aneuploidy induces replication stress at telomeres leading to telomeric DNA damage and p53 activation. This results in p53/Rb-dependent, premature senescence of human fibroblast, and in the depletion of hematopoietic cells in telomerase-deficient mice. Endogenous telomerase expression in HSCs and enforced expression of telomerase in human fibroblasts are sufficient to abrogate aneuploidy-induced replication stress at telomeres and the consequent induction of premature senescence and hematopoietic cell depletion. Together, these results identify telomerase as an aneuploidy survival factor in mammalian cells based on its capacity to alleviate telomere replication stress in response to aneuploidy induction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jitendra K Meena
- Leibniz Institute of Age Research, Fritz Lipmann Institute e.V., Jena, Germany
| | - Aurora Cerutti
- IFOM Foundation-FIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology Foundation, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Yohei Morita
- Leibniz Institute of Age Research, Fritz Lipmann Institute e.V., Jena, Germany
| | - Christopher Bruhn
- Leibniz Institute of Age Research, Fritz Lipmann Institute e.V., Jena, Germany
| | - Mukesh Kumar
- Institute of Experimental Cancer Research, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Johann M Kraus
- Medical Systems Biology Unit, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | | | - Zhao-Qi Wang
- Leibniz Institute of Age Research, Fritz Lipmann Institute e.V., Jena, Germany
| | - Hans A Kestler
- Leibniz Institute of Age Research, Fritz Lipmann Institute e.V., Jena, Germany Medical Systems Biology Unit, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Fabrizio d'Adda di Fagagna
- IFOM Foundation-FIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology Foundation, Milan, Italy Istituto di Genetica Molecolare, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Pavia, Italy
| | - Cagatay Günes
- Leibniz Institute of Age Research, Fritz Lipmann Institute e.V., Jena, Germany
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40
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Exome sequencing reveals novel BCS1L mutations in siblings with hearing loss and hypotrichosis. Gene 2015; 566:84-8. [PMID: 25895478 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2015.04.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2014] [Revised: 03/19/2015] [Accepted: 04/11/2015] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
As a powerful tool to identify the molecular pathogenesis of Mendelian disorders, exome sequencing was used to identify the genetic basis of two siblings with hearing loss and hypotrichosis and clarify the diagnosis. No pathogenic mutations in GJB2, GJB3 and GJB6 genes were found in the siblings. By analysis of exome of the proband, we identified a novel missense (p.R306C) mutation and a nonsense (p.R186*) mutation in the BCS1L gene. Mutations were confirmed by Sanger sequencing. The siblings were compound heterozygotes, and the inheritance mode of autosomal recessive was postulated. BCS1L is the causative gene of Björnstad syndrome, which is characterized by sensorineural hearing loss and pili torti. The longitudinal gutters along the hair shaft were found by scanning electron microscopy in our patient. Therefore the diagnosis of Björnstad syndrome was eventually made for the patients. Our study extends the phenotypic spectrum of Björnstad syndrome and highlights the clinical applicability of exome sequencing as a diagnostic tool for atypical Mendelian disorders.
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41
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Connexins and skin disease: insights into the role of beta connexins in skin homeostasis. Cell Tissue Res 2015; 360:645-58. [PMID: 25616557 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-014-2094-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2014] [Accepted: 12/08/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Cell-to-cell communication triggered by connexin channels plays a central role in maintaining epidermal homeostasis. Here, we discuss the role of the beta connexin subgroup, where site-specific mutations in at least 4 of these proteins lead to distinctive non-inflammatory and inflammatory hyperproliferative epidermal disorders. Recent advances in the molecular pathways evoked and correlation with clinical outcome are discussed. The latest data provide increasing evidence that connexins in the epidermis are sensors to environmental stress and that targeting aberrant hemichannel activity holds significant therapeutic potential for inflammatory skin disorders.
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42
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Sugiura K, Arima M, Matsunaga K, Akiyama M. The novel GJB3 mutation p.Thr202Asn in the M4 transmembrane domain underlies erythrokeratodermia variabilis. Br J Dermatol 2015; 173:309-11. [PMID: 25556823 DOI: 10.1111/bjd.13641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- K Sugiura
- Department of Dermatology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, 466-8550, Japan
| | - M Arima
- Department of Dermatology, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, 1-98 Dengakugakubo, Kutsukake-cho, Toyoake, Aichi, 470-1192, Japan
| | - K Matsunaga
- Department of Dermatology, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, 1-98 Dengakugakubo, Kutsukake-cho, Toyoake, Aichi, 470-1192, Japan
| | - M Akiyama
- Department of Dermatology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, 466-8550, Japan
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43
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Aasen T. Connexins: junctional and non-junctional modulators of proliferation. Cell Tissue Res 2014; 360:685-99. [PMID: 25547217 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-014-2078-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2014] [Accepted: 11/14/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Mounting evidence indicates that dysregulation of gap junctions and their structural subunits-connexins-often occurs in, and sometimes causes, a variety of proliferative disorders, including cancer. Connexin-mediated regulation of cell proliferation is complex and may involve modulation of gap junction intercellular communication (GJIC), hemichannel signalling, or gap junction-independent paths. However, the exact mechanisms linking connexins to proliferation remain poorly defined and a number of contradictory studies report both pro- and anti-proliferative effects, effects that often depend on the cell or tissue type or the microenvironment. The present review covers junctional and non-junctional regulation of proliferation by connexins, with a particular emphasis on their association with cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trond Aasen
- Molecular Pathology Group, Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Passeig Vall d'Hebron 119-129, Barcelona, 08035, Spain,
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Dominant De Novo Mutations in GJA1 Cause Erythrokeratodermia Variabilis et Progressiva, without Features of Oculodentodigital Dysplasia. J Invest Dermatol 2014; 135:1540-1547. [PMID: 25398053 PMCID: PMC4430428 DOI: 10.1038/jid.2014.485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2014] [Revised: 10/15/2014] [Accepted: 10/27/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Genetic investigation of inherited skin disorders has informed understanding of skin self-renewal, differentiation, and barrier function. Erythrokeratodermia variabilis et progressiva (EKVP) is a rare, inherited skin disease characterized by transient figurate patches of erythema, localized or generalized scaling, and frequent palmoplantar keratoderma. By employing exome sequencing, we show that de novo missense mutations in GJA1 (gap junction protein alpha 1) cause EKVP. The severe, progressive skin disease in EKVP subjects with GJA1 mutations is distinct from limited cutaneous findings rarely found in the systemic disorder oculodentodigital dysplasia, also caused by dominant GJA1 mutations. GJA1 encodes connexin 43 (Cx43), the most widely expressed gap junction protein. We show that the GJA1 mutations in EKVP subjects lead to disruption of Cx43 membrane localization, and aggregation within the Golgi. These findings reveal a critical role for Cx43 in epidermal homeostasis, and provide evidence of organ-specific pathobiology resulting from different mutations within GJA1.
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45
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Otaguchi R, Kawakami T, Matsuoka M, Kimura S, Soma Y, Matsuda M, Hamada T, Hashimoto T. A sporadic elder case of erythrokeratodermia variabilis with a single base-pair transversion in GJB3 gene successfully treated with systemic vitamin A derivative. J Dermatol 2014; 41:1016-8. [PMID: 25297803 DOI: 10.1111/1346-8138.12628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Risako Otaguchi
- Department of Dermatology, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, Japan
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46
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Pernin V, Kirova Y, Campana F. Radiotherapy for breast cancer and erythrokeratodermia variabilis. Cancer Radiother 2014; 18:767-9. [PMID: 25306447 DOI: 10.1016/j.canrad.2014.06.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2014] [Accepted: 06/13/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
We report the first case report indicating that locoregional radiotherapy provide acceptable early and late toxicities in patient with erythrokeratodermia variabilis after 2 years of follow-up. However, preclinical data showing radiation-induced tumor genesis in case of deficiency of some connexins point out the need of a careful surveillance of these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Pernin
- Département d'oncologie radiothérapie, Institut Curie, 26, rue d'Ulm, 75248 Paris cedex 05, France
| | - Y Kirova
- Département d'oncologie radiothérapie, Institut Curie, 26, rue d'Ulm, 75248 Paris cedex 05, France.
| | - F Campana
- Département d'oncologie radiothérapie, Institut Curie, 26, rue d'Ulm, 75248 Paris cedex 05, France
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47
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Kibschull M, Colaco K, Matysiak-Zablocki E, Winterhager E, Lye SJ. Connexin31.1 (Gjb5) deficiency blocks trophoblast stem cell differentiation and delays placental development. Stem Cells Dev 2014; 23:2649-60. [PMID: 24866916 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2014.0013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The gap junction channel forming connexins (Cx) Cx31 (Gjb3) and Cx31.1 (Gjb5) are co-expressed in the mouse trophoblast lineage. Inactivation of either gene results in partial embryonic loss at mid gestation (60% and 30%, respectively, between embryonic days E10.5and E13.5) caused by placental phenotypes. Cx31 deficiency results in loss of stem cell potential and enhanced trophoblast giant cell (TGC) differentiation, whereas the molecular role of the co-expressed Cx31.1 remained unclear. It was assumed that both isoforms have overlapping functions and can compete for each loss in placentation as both knockout mice show similar survival rates, reduced placental weights, and growth restricted embryos. Instead, here we show that Cx31.1 has opposed functions in regulating trophoblast differentiation. Cx31.1 deficiency causes a shift in placental subpopulations, reduced area of fetal blood spaces, and a reduced number of secondary TGC in the junctional zone, as shown by stereology at E10.5. Cx31.1 is critical for terminal differentiation of trophoblast cells during placentation resulting in a delayed induction of marker genes Tpbpa, Prl3b1/Pl-2, and Ctsq in Cx31.1-deficient placentas. Derivation and analysis of Cx31.1-deficient trophoblast stem lines clearly indicates a delayed trophoblast differentiation manifested by repression of marker genes for placental subpopulations and continued expression of stem cell marker genes Id2 and Ascl2, which is correlated to enhanced proliferation capacity of differentiating stem cells These findings clarify the disparate actions of Cx31.1 and Cx31 that act in opposition to balance the fate of trophoblast cells during differentiation, with Cx31.1 promoting, and Cx31 delaying terminal differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Kibschull
- 1 Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute , Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Canada
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48
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Zhou F, Fu H, Liu L, Cui Y, Zhang Z, Chang R, Yue Z, Yang S, Zhang X. No exonic mutations at GJB2, GJB3, GJB4, GJB6, ARS (Component B), and LOR genes responsible for a Chinese patient affected by progressive symmetric erythrokeratodermia with pseudoainhum. Int J Dermatol 2014; 53:1111-3. [PMID: 24962725 DOI: 10.1111/ijd.12494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Progressive symmetric erythrokeratodermia (PSEK) is characterized by symmetric and growing erythematous hyperkeratotic patches over the body shortly after birth, particularly trunk and limbs, the buttocks, and the face, sometimes together with palmoplantar keratoderma (PPK). The GJB2, GJB3, GJB4, GJB6, ARS (Component B), and LOR gene mutation might contribute to PSEK manifestation. This study aimed to identify sequence alteration of these genes in a Chinese PSEK patient with pseudoainhum. METHODS Genomic DNA was purified from the patient's peripheral blood. Mutation analysis of target genes was performed by direct sequencing using ABI 3730 sequencer RESULTS No exonic mutations was identified in the aforementioned genes. CONCLUSIONS The result underlines the genetic heterogeneity of PSEK and other related erythrokeratodermas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fusheng Zhou
- Institute of Dermatology and Department of Dermatology at No. 1 Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China; Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China; State Key Laboratory of Dermatology Incubation, Ministry of Science and Technology, Hefei, Anhui, China
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49
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Li TC, Kuan YH, Ko TY, Li C, Yang JJ. Mechanism of a novel missense mutation, p.V174M, of the human connexin31 (GJB3) in causing nonsyndromic hearing loss. Biochem Cell Biol 2014; 92:251-7. [PMID: 24913888 DOI: 10.1139/bcb-2013-0126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Hearing loss is the most common sensory disorder, worldwide. In a recent study, we have identified a missense mutation, p.V174M, in the connexin 31 encoded by the GJB3 gene, in a patient with nonsyndromic hearing loss. However, the functional change in the CX31V174M mutant remains unknown. This study compared the intracellular distribution and assembly of the mutant CX31V174M with that of the wild-type (WT) CX31 in HeLa cells, and it examined the effect that the mutant protein had on those cells. A fluorescent localization assay of WT CX31 showed the typical punctuate pattern of a gap junction channel between the neighboring expression cells. Conversely, the p.V174M missense mutation resulted in the accumulation of the mutant protein in the lysosomes rather than in the cytoplasmic membrane. Moreover, dye transfer experiments have also demonstrated that the CX31V174M mutant did not form functional gap junction channels, probably due to the incorrect assembly or the altered properties of the CX31 channels. In addition, we found that CX31V174M-transfection can cause cell death by MTT assay. CX31V174M co-expressed with either CX31WT or CX26WT studies, suggested the impairment of the ability of CX26WT proteins to intracellular trafficking and targeting to the plasma membrane, but did not influence the trafficking of CX31WT. Based on these findings, we suggest that the CX31V174M mutant may have an effect on the formation and function of the gap junction, and CX31V174M has a trans-dominant negative effect on the function of wild types CX26. These results provide a novel molecular explanation for the role that GJB3 plays in hearing loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tung-Cheng Li
- a Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
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50
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Zhang L, Hong Y, Zheng S, Huo W, Qi R, Geng L, Chen HD, Gao XH. Both low-dose arotinoid ethylester and acitretin are effective in the treatment of familial erythrokeratodermia variabilis. Dermatol Ther 2014; 27:240-3. [PMID: 24754264 DOI: 10.1111/dth.12127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
We previously reported a large Chinese pedigree of erythrokeratodermia variabilis (EKV). A unique feature was that some of the affected members experienced transitory pustules on the border of classic lesions. Here we prescribed oral arotinoid ethylester and acitretin to two of the affected members in the pedigree, at starting dosage of 0.03 mg/day for arotinoid ethylester and 30 mg/day for acitretin, maintenance dosage of 0.03 mg every other day and 20 mg/day, respectively. Both patients reached complete clearance of the lesions during the treatment period. Side effect was negligible for the case on arotinoid ethylester. The patient on acitretin experienced elevated level of serum triglyceride and alanine aminotransferase that restrained further use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Zhang
- Department of Dermatology, No.1 Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
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